[Federal Register Volume 68, Number 120 (Monday, June 23, 2003)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 37097-37102]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 03-15826]
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Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
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Federal Register / Vol. 68, No. 120 / Monday, June 23, 2003 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 37097]]
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Marketing Service
7 CFR Part 920
[Docket No. FV03-920-1 PR]
Kiwifruit Grown in California; Relaxation of Pack Requirements
AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This proposed rule invites comments on revisions to pack
requirements currently prescribed for California kiwifruit under the
California kiwifruit marketing order (order). The order regulates the
handling of kiwifruit grown in California and is administered locally
by the Kiwifruit Administrative Committee (Committee). This rule would:
Remove the requirement that the count must equal three times the size
designation for shipments in volume filled containers in which the
quantity is specified by count; continue to suspend, for the 2003-04
season, the standard packaging requirement that requires volume filled
containers of kiwifruit designated by weight to hold 22-pounds (10-
kilograms) net weight of kiwifruit, unless such containers hold less
than 10-pounds or more than 35-pounds net weight of kiwifruit; and
exempt the ``Hort16A'' kiwifruit variety from the ``tightly packed''
standard pack requirement. These changes were recommended by the
Committee and are expected to help handlers compete more effectively in
the marketplace, better meet the needs of retailers, and to improve
grower returns.
DATES: Comments must be received by July 8, 2003.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments
concerning this proposal. Comments must be sent to the Docket Clerk,
Marketing Order Administration Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs,
AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., STOP 0237, Washington, DC
20250-0237; Fax: (202) 720-8938, or e-mail: [email protected].
All comments should reference the docket number and the date and page
number of this issue of the Federal Register and will be made available
for public inspection in the Office of the Docket Clerk during regular
business hours, or can be viewed at: http://www.ams.usda.gov/fv/moab.html.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rose Aguayo, California Marketing
Field Office, Marketing Order Administration Branch, Fruit and
Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, 2202 Monterey Street, suite 102B,
Fresno, California 93721; telephone: (559) 487-5901, Fax: (559) 487-
5906; or George Kelhart, Technical Advisor, Marketing Order
Administration Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, 1400
Independence Avenue SW, STOP 0237, Washington, DC 20250-0237;
telephone: (202) 720-2491, Fax: (202) 720-8938.
Small businesses may request information on complying with this
regulation by contacting Jay Guerber, Marketing Order Administration
Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, 1400 Independence
Avenue SW., STOP 0237, Washington, DC 20250-0237; telephone: (202) 720-
2491, Fax: (202) 720-8938, or e-mail: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This proposal is issued under Marketing
Order No. 920 as amended (7 CFR part 920), regulating the handling of
kiwifruit grown in California, hereinafter referred to as the
``order.'' The order is effective under the Agricultural Marketing
Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7 U.S.C. 601-674), hereinafter
referred to as the ``Act.''
The Department of Agriculture (USDA) is issuing this rule in
conformance with Executive Order 12866.
This proposal has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, Civil
Justice Reform. This rule is not intended to have retroactive effect.
This proposal will not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or
policies, unless they present an irreconcilable conflict with this
rule.
The Act provides that administrative proceedings must be exhausted
before parties may file suit in court. Under section 608c(15)(A) of the
Act, any handler subject to an order may file with USDA a petition
stating that the order, any provision of the order, or any obligation
imposed in connection with the order is not in accordance with law and
request a modification of the order or to be exempted therefrom. A
handler is afforded the opportunity for a hearing on the petition.
After the hearing USDA would rule on the petition. The Act provides
that the district court of the United States in any district in which
the handler is an inhabitant, or has his or her principal place of
business, has jurisdiction to review USDA's ruling on the petition,
provided an action is filed not later than 20 days after the date of
the entry of the ruling.
This proposed rule invites comments on revisions to pack
requirements currently prescribed for California kiwifruit under the
order. This rule would: (1) Remove the requirement that the count must
equal three times the size designation for shipments in volume filled
containers in which the quantity is specified by count; (2) continue to
suspend, for the 2003-04 season, the standard packaging requirement
that requires volume filled containers of kiwifruit designated by
weight to hold 22-pounds (10-kilograms) net weight of kiwifruit, unless
such containers hold less than 10-pounds or more than 35-pounds net
weight of kiwifruit; and (3) exempt the ``Hort16A'' kiwifruit variety
from the ``tightly packed'' standard pack requirement. The Committee
recommended these changes at its March 12, 2003, meeting. This rule is
expected to help handlers compete more effectively in the marketplace,
better meet the needs of retailers, and to improve grower returns.
Volume Filled Containers Designated by Count
Under the terms of the order, fresh market shipments of kiwifruit
grown in California are required to be inspected and meet grade, size,
maturity, pack, and container requirements.
Section 920.52(a)(1) and (3) of the order authorizes the
establishment of pack requirements for California kiwifruit.
Section 920.302(a)(4) of the order's administrative rules and
regulations outlines specific pack requirements for fresh shipments of
California kiwifruit.
Section 920.302(a)(4)(iv) provides that for volume filled
containers in which the quantity is specified by count, the count must
equal three times the size
[[Page 37098]]
designation in accordance with tolerances specified in 7 CFR
51.2328(c)(2) of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Kiwifruit (Grade
Standards). For example, if the fruit has a size designation of ``30''
marked on the container, then three times the size designation or 90
pieces of kiwifruit must be packed into the container and the container
must be marked with ``90 count.''
During the early 1990's handlers packed kiwifruit into several
styles of containers: trays, bins, consumer packs, and volume filled
containers. (Volume filled containers are those in which kiwifruit are
loosely packed without cell compartments, cardboard fillers, or molded
trays). Volume filled containers were designated by size and also
either net weight or count. It was a customary industry practice to
pack the equivalent of three single layer trays into a volume filled
container and to specify the quantity of the kiwifruit placed into the
volume filled container by count.
In 1993, the Committee recommended and the USDA established a pack
requirement under the order's administrative rules and regulations
which specified that for shipments in volume filled containers in which
the quantity is specified by count, the count must equal three times
the size designation in accordance with tolerances specified in 7 CFR
51.2328(c)(2) of the Grade Standards, (58 FR 43243, April 16, 1993).
This requirement was established to ensure that volume filled
containers designated by size and count held a consistent number of
pieces of kiwifruit.
During the 1993-94 season handlers realized that it was more labor
intensive and more expensive to pack volume filled containers
designated by count than by net weight. They also realized that the
difference in the average FOB values for each type of volume filled
container was negligible. Retailers were unwilling to pay a higher
price for volume filled containers designated by count and handlers
were unwilling to pack these more labor-intensive and more expensive
containers, if they could not recoup the extra handling costs. As a
result, the amount of kiwifruit packed into volume filled containers
designated by count and size declined to 2 percent during the 1995-96
season. While kiwifruit handlers have not used volume filled containers
designated by count and size since the 1995-96 season, they continue to
use volume filled containers designated by net weight and size.
Recently, retailers have requested new, smaller containers of
kiwifruit designated by count and size. Some handlers in the industry,
including those that are packing a new variety, ``Hort16A'', would like
the flexibility to pack these smaller containers of kiwifruit. These
handlers are currently unable to meet retailer's requests for smaller
volume filled containers of kiwifruit, as the order's administrative
rules and regulations require the count to equal three times the size
designation in volume filled containers in which the quantity is
specified by count. For example, if a retailer requests containers of
Size 20 fruit with 50 pieces of kiwifruit in each container, the
handler would not be able to meet the retailer's requirements because
the order's administrative rules and regulations require that 60 pieces
of kiwifruit (a count equal to three times the size designation) be
packed into the container.
Thus, the Committee, at its March 12, 2003, meeting, unanimously
recommended removing this requirement as it is obsolete and no longer
meets the industry's needs. This relaxation in pack requirements is
expected to enable handlers to compete more effectively in the
marketplace and to improve grower returns.
Continued Suspension of Standard Packaging Requirement for Volume
Filled Containers Designated by Weight
Section 920.52(a)(3) of the order authorizes the establishment of
weight requirements for containers of California kiwifruit.
Section 920.302(a)(4) of the order's administrative rules and
regulations outlines pack requirements for fresh shipments of
California kiwifruit.
Prior to the issuance of an interim final rule on August 22, 2002
(67 FR 54327), Sec. 920.302 (a)(4)(v) specified that all volume filled
containers of kiwifruit designated by weight had to hold 22-pounds (10-
kilograms) net weight of kiwifruit unless such containers hold less
than 10-pounds or more than 35-pounds net weight of kiwifruit. This
standard packaging requirement was unanimously recommended by the
Committee and established under the order's administrative rules and
regulations by a final rule issued on October 25, 1994, (59 FR 53563).
During the 1994-95 season 52 percent of the total crop was packed
into volume filled containers. The percentage of the total crop packed
into volume filled containers increased to 85 percent during the 2001-
02 season. In 2001-02, imports from the Northern hemisphere (Greece,
Italy, and France) totaled approximately 17 percent of the U.S. market
share. The majority of imported kiwifruit was shipped in 19.8-pound (9-
kilogram) net weight volume filled containers, whereas the order
limited California handlers to 22-pound (10-kilogram) net weight volume
filled containers. Retailers do not differentiate between imported
19.8-pound (9-kilogram) and 22-pound (10-kilogram) net weight volume
filled containers from California. Because buyers pay the same price
for each container, the effect is not favorable for California
handlers.
At its April 9, 2002, meeting, the Committee unanimously
recommended and the USDA approved suspending the standardized packaging
requirement of 22-pounds (10-kilograms) net weight for volume filled
containers for the 2002-03 season. This suspension was implemented by
an interim final rule published on August 22, 2002 (67 FR 54327) and
will be in effect until July 31, 2003. This was made final on November
21, 2002 (67 FR 76140).
To date during the 2002-03 season, handlers shipped 87 percent of
the crop in volume filled containers (73 percent in 22-pounds (10-
kilograms) net weight volume filled containers, 13 percent in 19.8-
pounds (9-kilograms) net weight containers, and less than 1 percent in
volume filled containers of other weights).
At its March 12, 2003, meeting, the Committee discussed three
options for volume filled containers: (1) Establishing a standard
packaging requirement of 19.8-pounds (9-kilograms) net weight, (2)
reestablishing a standard packaging requirement of 22-pounds (10-
kilograms) net weight and (3) continuing the suspension of the
standardized packaging requirement for the 2003-04 season, thus
allowing flexibility to pack any net weight volume filled container. In
its deliberations, the Committee discussed grower returns and the
ability to meet buyer's preferences for alternate containers. Committee
members mentioned that 10 percent more containers could be packed if
the standard were set at 19.8-pounds (9-kilograms) net weight. Others
mentioned that the increased number of containers would not offset the
increased handler costs of packing more, smaller containers and would
result in decreased grower returns. Many retailers do not differentiate
between 19.8-pounds (9-kilograms) net weight volume filled containers
and 22-pounds (10-kilograms) net weight volume filled containers and
pay the same price for each. Thus, packaging 19.8-pounds (9-kilograms)
net weight containers may not be beneficial for growers and handlers.
The Committee also discussed reestablishing the 22-pounds (10-
[[Page 37099]]
kilograms) net weight container standard packaging requirement. Some
Committee members believe that increased flexibility benefits growers
and handlers, as handlers are able to meet buyer's preferences for
alternate containers. Before making the change permanent, the Committee
would like to gather more data to further evaluate the benefits of
suspending standard pack requirements for another season, the 2003-04
season.
The majority of the Committee members agreed that the suspension of
the standard packaging requirement for volume filled containers by net
weight should be continued for the 2003-04 season. Of the twelve
members present, eight voted for this change and four voted against it.
Opponents of this recommendation preferred standard packaging, but
could not agree whether the 22-pound (10-kilogram) or 19.8-pound (9-
kilogram) net weight containers should be the standard. The majority of
the Committee believes that handlers and growers would benefit by being
able to meet buyer's preferences for alternate containers. Small and
large growers and handlers are expected to continue benefiting from
this change. This suspension would be in effect until July 31, 2004.
Standard Pack ``Tightly Packed'' Requirement
Section 920.52(a)(2) of the order authorizes the establishment of
grade standards.
Section 920.302(a)(1) of the order's administrative rules and
regulations states the minimum grade shall be at least KAC No. 1
quality.
Section 920.302(b) defines the term KAC No. 1 quality as kiwifruit
that meets the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade as defined in 7 CFR
51.2335 through 51.2340 of the Grade Standards, except that the
kiwifruit shall be ``not badly misshapen'' and an additional 7 percent
tolerance is provided for ``badly misshapen'' fruit. Section 51.2338(a)
of the Grade Standards defines standard pack requirements, requires
containers to be well filled; and requires the contents to be tightly
packed, but not excessively or unnecessarily bruised by overfilling or
oversizing.
The Grade Standard's ``tightly packed'' provisions were established
under the order to ensure that the ``Hayward'' variety (the predominant
kiwifruit variety produced in the production area) fits tightly into
the tray-liner cups (55 FR 42179, October 18, 1990). Kiwifruit that is
packed tightly into the cups of the tray-liners is less subject to
movement and therefore less damage.
Recently, a new kiwifruit cultivar, the Actinidia chinensis
``Hort16A'' has been introduced in California and is expected to be
harvested and sold commercially during the 2003-04 season. The
``Hort16A'' is referred to as a ``gold'' variety because the internal
flesh is a yellow to gold color when fully mature. The ``Hort16A''
kiwifruit is more susceptible to bruising and injury and has a
protrusion on the blossom end, referred to as a ``beak.'' Therefore,
the ``Hort16A'' must be handled differently than the ``Hayward''
variety. Care must be taken during the packing process to protect the
beak. To minimize damage, the ``Hort16A'' is packed into a special
shallow molded tray with a notch for the beak. The ``Hort16A''
kiwifruit, when packed in this shallow tray, may not meet the ``tightly
packed'' requirement for standard pack under the Grade Standards.
Therefore, the Committee, at its March 12, 2003, meeting,
unanimously recommended an exemption for all ``gold'' kiwifruit
varieties from the order's ``tightly packed'' requirement. However, the
``Hort16A'' with its unique ``beak'' is currently the only known
commercially produced ``gold'' kiwifruit. Because it is not known
whether other ``gold'' kiwifruit varieties would experience the same
difficulty in meeting the ``tightly packed'' standard pack requirement,
this proposal would limit the exemption to the ``Hort16A'' variety.
This change is expected to enable handlers to be more competitive
in the marketplace and to provide consumers with higher quality
``Hort16A'' kiwifruit.
Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
Pursuant to requirements set forth in the Regulatory Flexibility
Act (RFA), the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has considered the
economic impact of this action on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has
prepared this initial regulatory flexibility analysis.
The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions to the scale of
business subject to such actions in order that small businesses will
not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. Marketing orders issued
pursuant to the Act, and the rules issued thereunder, are unique in
that they are brought about through group action of essentially small
entities acting on their own behalf. Thus, both statutes have small
entity orientation and compatibility.
There are approximately 46 handlers of California kiwifruit subject
to regulation under the marketing order and approximately 300 growers
in the production area. Small agricultural service firms are defined by
the Small Business Administration (13 CFR 121.201) as those whose
annual receipts are less than $5,000,000, and small agricultural
producers are defined as those whose annual receipts are less than
$750,000. None of the 46 handlers subject to regulation have annual
kiwifruit sales of at least $5,000,000. In addition, six growers
subject to regulation have annual sales exceeding $750,000. Therefore,
a majority of the kiwifruit handlers and growers may be classified as
small entities.
This proposed rule invites comments on revisions to pack
requirements prescribed under the California kiwifruit order. This rule
would: (1) Remove the requirement that the count must equal three times
the size designation for shipments in volume filled containers in which
the quantity is specified by count; (2) continue to suspend, for the
2003-04 season, the standard packaging requirement that requires volume
filled containers of kiwifruit designated by weight to hold 22-pounds
(10-kilograms) net weight of kiwifruit, unless such containers hold
less than 10-pounds or more than 35-pounds net weight of kiwifruit; and
(3) exempt the ``Hort16A'' kiwifruit variety from the ``tightly
packed'' standard pack requirement.
The Committee recommended these changes at its March 12, 2003,
meeting. These changes are expected to help handlers compete more
effectively in the marketplace, better meet the needs of retailers, and
to improve grower returns. Authority for these actions is provided in
Sec. 920.52 of the order.
Volume Filled Containers Designated by Count
Section 920.302(a)(4) of the order's administrative rules and
regulations outlines specific pack requirements for fresh shipments of
California kiwifruit.
Section 920.302(a)(4)(iv) of the order's administrative rules and
regulations provides that for volume filled containers in which the
quantity is specified by count, the count must equal three times the
size designation in accordance with tolerances specified in the Grade
Standards listed in 7 CFR 51.2328(c)(2). For example, if the fruit has
a size designation of ``30'' marked on the container, then three times
the size designation or 90 pieces of kiwifruit must be packed into the
container and the container must be marked with ``90 count.''
During the early 1990's handlers packed kiwifruit into several
styles of containers: trays, bins, consumer packs, and volume filled
containers. Volume filled containers were designated by size
[[Page 37100]]
and also by either net weight or count. It was a customary industry
practice to pack the equivalent of three single layer trays into a
volume filled container and to specify the quantity of the kiwifruit
placed into the volume filled container as the count.
In 1993, the Committee recommended and the USDA established a pack
requirement under the order's administrative rules and regulations
which specified that for shipments in volume filled containers in which
the quantity is specified by count, the count must equal three times
the size designation in accordance with tolerances specified in 7 CFR
51.2328(c)(2) of the Grade Standards, (58 FR 43243, April 16, 1993).
This requirement was established to ensure that volume filled
containers designated by size and count held a consistent number of
pieces of kiwifruit.
During the 1993-94 season handlers realized it was more labor
intensive and more expensive to pack volume filled containers by count
than by net weight. They also realized that the difference in the
average FOB values for each type of volume filled container was
negligible. Retailers were unwilling to pay a higher price for volume
filled containers designated by count and handlers were unwilling to
pack these more labor-intensive and more expensive containers, if they
could not recoup the extra handling costs. As a result, the amount of
kiwifruit packed into volume filled containers designated by count and
size declined to 2 percent during the 1995-96 season. While kiwifruit
handlers have not used volume filled containers designated by count and
size since the 1995-96 season, they continue to use volume filled
containers packed by net weight and size designation.
Recently, retailers have requested new, smaller containers of
kiwifruit designated by count and size. Some kiwifruit handlers in the
industry, including those that are packing a new variety, ``Hort16A'',
would like the flexibility to pack these smaller containers of
kiwifruit. These handlers are currently unable to meet retailer's
requests for smaller volume filled containers of kiwifruit, as the
order's administrative rules and regulations require the count to equal
three times the size designation in volume filled containers in which
the quantity is specified by count. For example, if a retailer requests
containers of Size 20 fruit with 50 pieces of fruit in each container,
the handler would not be able to meet the retailer's requirements
because the order's administrative rules and regulations require that
60 pieces of fruit (a count equal to three times the size designation)
be packed into the container.
Thus, the Committee, at its March 12, 2003, meeting, unanimously
recommended removing the requirement as it is obsolete and no longer
meets the industry's needs. The Committee discussed alternatives to
this change, including not removing this requirement from the order's
administrative rules and regulations, but concluded that small and
large growers and handlers would benefit from this change. This change
would not affect volume filled containers packed by net weight and is
expected to help handlers compete more effectively in the marketplace
and to improve grower returns.
Continued Suspension of Standard Packaging for Volume Filled Containers
Designated by Weight
Section 920.302(a)(4) of the order's administrative rules and
regulations outlines pack requirements for fresh shipments of
California kiwifruit.
Prior to the issuance of an interim final rule on August 22, 2002
(67 FR 54327), Sec. 920.302(a)(4)(v) specified that all volume filled
containers of kiwifruit designated by weight shall hold 22-pounds (10-
kilograms) net weight of kiwifruit unless such containers hold less
than 10-pounds or more than 35-pounds net weight of kiwifruit. This
standard packaging requirement was unanimously recommended by the
Committee and established under the order's administrative rules and
regulations by a final rule issued on October 25, 1994, (59 FR 53563).
During the 1994-95 season, 52 percent of the total crop was packed
into volume filled containers. The percentage of the total crop packed
into volume filled containers increased to 85 percent during the 2001-
02 season. In 2001-02, imports from the Northern hemisphere (Greece,
Italy, and France) totaled approximately 17 percent of the U.S. market
share. The majority of imported kiwifruit was shipped in 9.8-pound (9-
kilogram) net weight volume filled containers, whereas the order
limited California handlers to 22-pound (10-kilogram) net weight volume
filled containers. Retailers do not differentiate between imported
19.8-pound (9-kilogram) and 22-pound (10-kilogram) net weight volume
filled containers from California. Because buyers pay the same price
for each container, the effect is not favorable for California
handlers.
At its April 9, 2002, meeting, the Committee, unanimously
recommended and the USDA approved suspending the standardized packaging
requirement of 22-pounds (10-kilograms) net weight for volume filled
containers for the 2002-03 season. This suspension was implemented by
an interim final rule published on August 22, 2002 (67 FR 54327) and
will be in effect until July 31, 2003. This was made final on November
21, 2002 (67 FR 76140). To date, relaxation of these packaging
requirements during the 2002-03 season enabled handlers to ship 73
percent of the crop in 22-pound (10-kilogram) net weight volume filled
containers, 13 percent of the crop in 19.8-pound (9-kilogram) net
weight containers and less than 1 percent in volume filled containers
of other weights.
The Committee concluded that while suspending the standard
packaging requirements for the 2002-03 season had enabled handlers to
compete more effectively in the marketplace, it would like to gather
more data to further evaluate the benefits of nonstandard pack
requirements for another season, the 2003-04.
Therefore, the majority of the Committee members agreed that the
suspension of the standard packaging requirement for volume filled
containers by net weight should be continued for the 2003-04 season. Of
the twelve members present, eight voted for this change, and four voted
against it. Opponents of this recommendation preferred standard
packaging, but could not agree whether the 22-pound (10-kilogram) or
the 19.8-pound (9-kilogram) net weight container should be the
standard. Small and large growers and handlers are expected to benefit
from the continued suspension of the standard packaging requirements.
The majority of the Committee believes that handlers and growers would
benefit by being able to meet buyer's preferences for alternate
containers. This suspension would be in effect until July 31, 2004.
The Committee discussed alternatives to this change including
reinstating the 22-pound (10-kilogram) net weight standard packaging
requirement for the 2003-04 season. Committee members also suggested
two other alternatives. One alternative was to establish a standard
packing requirement that would require volume filled containers of
kiwifruit designated by weight to hold 19.8-pounds (9 kilograms) net
weight of kiwifruit, unless such containers hold less than 10-pounds or
more than 35-pounds net weight of kiwifruit. The other alternative
suggested would establish a standard packing requirement that would
require volume filled containers of kiwifruit designated by weight to
hold 19.8-pounds (9-kilograms) net weight of kiwifruit, unless such
containers hold less than 15-pounds or more than 35-
[[Page 37101]]
pounds net weight of kiwifruit. The Committee did not adopt these
suggestions, as it believes that continuing the suspension of the
standard packaging requirement of 22-pounds (10-kilograms) net weight
for volume filled containers of kiwifruit designated by weight would
allow handlers the flexibility to meet buyer container preferences and
to increase sales. Further, the majority of the Committee believes that
establishing standard packaging requirements for volume filled
containers of kiwifruit packed by net weight may negatively impact
grower returns.
Standard Pack ``Tightly Packed'' Requirement
Section 920.302(a)(1) of the order's administrative rules and
regulations states the minimum grade shall be at least KAC No. 1
quality.
Section 920.302(b) defines the term KAC No. 1 quality as kiwifruit
that meets the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade as defined in 7 CFR
51.2335 through 51.2340 of the Grade Standards, except that the
kiwifruit shall be ``not badly misshapen'' and an additional 7 percent
tolerance is provided for badly misshapen fruit. Section 51.2338(a) of
the Grade Standards defines standard pack requirements, requires
containers to be well filled; and requires the contents to be tightly
packed, but not excessively or unnecessarily bruised by overfilling or
oversizing.
The Grade Standard's ``tightly packed'' provisions were established
in the order to ensure that the ``Hayward'' variety (the predominant
kiwifruit produced in the production area) fits tightly into the tray-
liner cups (55 FR 42179, October 18, 1990). Kiwifruit that is packed
tightly into the cups of the tray-liners is less subject to movement
and therefore less damage.
As previously mentioned, a new kiwifruit cultivar, the Actinidia
chinensis ``Hort16A'' has recently been introduced in California and is
expected to be harvested and sold commercially during the 2003-04
season. The ``Hort16A'' is referred to as a ``gold'' variety because
the internal flesh is a yellow to gold color when fully mature. The
``Hort16A'' kiwifruit is more susceptible to bruising and injury and
has a protrusion on the blossom end, referred to as a ``beak.''
Therefore, the ``Hort16A'' must be handled differently than the
``Hayward'' variety. Care must be taken during the packing process to
protect the beak. To minimize damage, the ``Hort16A'' is packed into a
special shallow molded tray with a notch for the beak. The ``Hort16A''
kiwifruit, when packed in this shallow tray, may not meet the ``tightly
packed'' requirement for standard pack under the Grade Standards.
Therefore, the Committee, at its March 12, 2003, meeting,
unanimously recommended an exemption for all ``gold'' kiwifruit
varieties from the order's ``tightly packed'' requirement. However, the
``Hort16A'' with its unique ``beak'' is currently the only known
commercially produced ``gold'' kiwifruit. Because it is not known
whether other ``gold'' kiwifruit varieties would experience the same
difficulty in meeting the ``tightly packed'' standard pack requirement,
this proposal would limit the exemption to the ``Hort16A'' ``gold''
variety.
This change is expected to enable handlers to be more competitive
in the marketplace and to provide consumers with higher quality
``Hort16A'' kiwifruit.
The Committee discussed alternatives to this change, including
exempting all kiwifruit packs from the ``tightly packed'' requirement,
but did not adopt this suggestion because eliminating the requirement
for the ``Hayward'' variety is unnecessary and is still a pack standard
desired by the industry for the vast majority of kiwifruit currently
packed in California. It is anticipated that within the next 5 to 10
years more than 1,000 acres of ``Hort16A'' will be planted in
California with production exceeding one million tray equivalents (one
tray equivalent equals approximately 7 pounds). Small and large growers
and handlers are expected to benefit from this change. These changes
are expected to help handlers compete more effectively in the
marketplace and to improve grower returns.
These proposed rule changes would relax pack requirements under the
kiwifruit order. Accordingly, these actions would not impose any
additional reporting or recordkeeping requirements on either small or
large kiwifruit handlers. As with all Federal marketing order programs,
reports and forms are periodically reviewed to reduce information
requirements and duplication by industry and public sectors.
USDA has not identified any relevant Federal rules that duplicate,
overlap, or conflict with this proposed rule. However, as previously
stated, California kiwifruit must meet the ``tight-fill'' requirements,
as specified in the U.S. Standards for Grade of Kiwifruit (7 CFR
51.2335 through 51.2340) issued under the Agricultural Marketing
Agreement Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 through 1627).
In addition, the Committee's meeting was widely publicized
throughout the kiwifruit industry and all interested persons were
invited to attend the meeting and participate in Committee
deliberations on all issues. Like all Committee meetings, the March 12,
2003, meeting, was a public meeting and all entities, both large and
small, were able to express their views on these issues. Finally,
interested persons are invited to submit information on the regulatory
and informational impacts of this action on small businesses.
A small business guide on complying with fruit, vegetable, and
specialty crop marketing agreements and orders may be viewed at http://www.ams.usda.gov/fv/moab.html. Any questions about the compliance guide
should be sent to Jay Guerber at the previously mentioned address in
the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
A 15-day comment period is provided to allow interested persons to
respond to this proposal. Fifteen-days is deemed appropriate because
the fiscal period for kiwifruit begins on August 1, 2003, and these
changes, if adopted, should be made as soon as possible. All written
comments timely received will be considered before a final
determination is made on this matter.
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 920
Kiwifruit, Marketing agreements, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR part 920 is
proposed to be amended as follows:
PART 920--KIWIFRUIT GROWN IN CALIFORNIA
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR part 920 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601-674.
Sec. 920.302 [Amended]
2. Section 920.302 is amended as follows:
A. Paragraph (a)(4)(iv) is removed;
B. Paragraph (a)(4)(v) is redesignated as paragraph (a)(4)(iv);
C. The existing suspension of newly designated paragraph (a)(4)(iv)
is extended until July 31, 2004;
D. Paragraph (b) is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 920.302 Grade, size, pack, and container regulations.
* * * * *
(b) Definitions. The term KAC No. 1 quality means kiwifruit that
meets the requirements of the U.S. No. 1 grade as defined in the United
States Standards for Grades of Kiwifruit (7 CFR 51.2335
[[Page 37102]]
through 51.2340) except that the kiwifruit shall be ``not badly
misshapen,'' and an additional tolerance of 7 percent is provided for
kiwifruit that is ``badly misshapen,'' and except that the ``Hort16A''
variety of kiwifruit is exempt from the ``tightly packed'' standard as
defined in Sec. 51.2338(a) of the U.S. Standards for Grades of
Kiwifruit. The terms fairly uniform in size and diameter mean the same
as defined in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Kiwifruit.
* * * * *
Dated: June 18, 2003.
Kenneth C. Clayton,
Acting Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service.
[FR Doc. 03-15826 Filed 6-20-03; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P