[Federal Register: April 13, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 71)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 19311-19313]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr13ap04-1]
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Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
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[[Page 19311]]
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 25
[Docket No. NM276, Special Conditions No. 25-259-SC]
Special Conditions: Learjet Models 24 and 25 Airplanes; High
Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for Learjet Models 24 B/D/
E/F and 25 B/C/D/F airplanes, modified by Flight Test Associates,
Incorporated. These modified airplanes will have novel and unusual
design features when compared to the state of technology envisioned in
the airworthiness standards for transport category airplanes. The
modification incorporates the installation of a dual Innovative Systems
and Support Air Data Display Unit system. The applicable airworthiness
regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for
the protection of these systems from the effects of high-intensity
radiated fields (HIRF). These special conditions contain the additional
safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to
establish a level of safety equivalent to that provided by the existing
airworthiness standards.
DATES: The effective date of these special conditions is March 31,
2004. Comments must be received on or before May 13, 2004.
ADDRESSES: Comments on these special conditions may be mailed in
duplicate to: Federal Aviation Administration, Transport Airplane
Directorate, Attn: Rules Docket (ANM-113), Docket No. NM276, 1601 Lind
Avenue SW., Renton, Washington, 98055-4056; or delivered in duplicate
to the Transport Airplane Directorate at the above address. All
comments must be marked: Docket No. NM276.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Steve Edgar, FAA, Standardization
Branch, ANM-113, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington, 98055-4056;
telephone (425) 227-2025; facsimile (425) 227-1149.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Comments Invited
The FAA has determined that the notice and opportunity for prior
public comment is impracticable because these procedures would
significantly delay certification of the airplane and delivery of the
affected airplane. In addition, the substance of these special
conditions has been subject to the public comment process in several
prior instances with no substantive comments received. The FAA
therefore finds that good cause exists for making these special
conditions effective upon issuance; however, the FAA invites interested
persons to participate in this rulemaking by submitting written
comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments reference a
specific portion of the special conditions, explain the reason for any
recommended change, and include supporting data. We ask that you send
us two copies of written comments.
We will file in the docket all comments we receive, as well as a
report summarizing each substantive public contact with FAA personnel
concerning these special conditions. The docket is available for public
inspection before and after the comment closing date. If you wish to
review the docket in person, go to the address in the ADDRESSES section
of this preamble between 7:30 a.m., and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays.
We will consider all comments we receive on or before the closing
date for comments. We will consider comments filed late if it is
possible to do so without incurring expense or delay. We may change
these special conditions based on the comments we receive.
If you want the FAA to acknowledge receipt of your comments on
these special conditions, include with your comments a pre-addressed,
stamped postcard on which the docket number appears. We will stamp the
date on the postcard and mail it back to you.
Background
On August 22, 2003, Flight Test Associates, Incorporated, Mojave,
California, applied to the FAA, Los Angeles Aircraft Certification
Office, for a supplemental type certificate (STC) to modify Learjet
Models 24 B/D/E/F and 25 B/C/D/F airplanes. The proposed modification
incorporates the installation of a dual Innovative Systems and Solution
Air Data Display Unit (ADDU) system as primary altimeters. The
information presented is flight critical. The ADDU systems installed in
this airplane have the potential to be vulnerable to HIRF.
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of 14 CFR 21.101, Flight Test Associates,
Incorporated, must show that the airplane, as changed, continues to
meet the applicable provisions of the regulations incorporated by
reference in Type Certificate No. A10CE, or the applicable regulations
in effect on the date of application for the change. The regulations
incorporated by reference in the type certificate are commonly referred
to as the ``original type certification basis.''
The regulations incorporated by reference in Type Certificate No.
A10CE include 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 25, as amended
by Amendments 25-2 through 25-18.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
regulations (i.e., part 25, as amended) do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for the modified Learjet Models 24 B/D/E/F
and 25 B/C/D/F airplanes, because of a novel or unusual design feature,
special conditions are prescribed under the provisions of Sec. 21.16.
In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the Learjet Models 24 B/D/E/F and 25 B/C/D/F airplanes must
comply with the fuel vent and exhaust emission requirements of 14 CFR
part 34 and the noise certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
Special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, are issued in
accordance with Sec. 11.38 and become part of the type certification
basis in accordance with Sec. 21.101.
[[Page 19312]]
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should Flight Test Associates, Incorporated, apply at
a later date for a supplemental type certificate to modify any other
model included on the same type certificate to incorporate the same
novel or unusual design feature, these special conditions would also
apply to the other model under the provisions of Sec. 21.101.
Novel or Unusual Design Features
The modified Learjet Models 24 B/D/E/F and 25 B/C/D/F will
incorporate new dual primary altimeters that will perform critical
functions. These systems may be vulnerable to HIRF external to the
airplane.
Discussion
There is no specific regulation that addresses protection
requirements for electrical and electronic systems from HIRF. Increased
power levels from ground-based radio transmitters and the growing use
of sensitive avionics/electronics and electrical systems to command and
control airplanes have made it necessary to provide adequate
protection.
To ensure that a level of safety is achieved equivalent to that
intended by the regulations incorporated by reference, special
conditions are needed for the Learjet Models 24 B/D/E/F and 25 B/C/D/F.
These special conditions require that new primary altimeters that
perform critical functions be designed and installed to preclude
component damage and interruption of function due to both the direct
and indirect effects of HIRF.
High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
With the trend toward increased power levels from ground-based
transmitters, plus the advent of space and satellite communications
coupled with electronic command and control of the airplane, the
immunity of critical digital avionics/electronics and electrical
systems to HIRF must be established.
It is not possible to precisely define the HIRF to which the
airplane will be exposed in service. There is also uncertainty
concerning the effectiveness of airframe shielding for HIRF.
Furthermore, coupling of electromagnetic energy to cockpit-installed
equipment through the cockpit window apertures is undefined. Based on
surveys and analysis of existing HIRF emitters, an adequate level of
protection exists when compliance with the HIRF protection special
condition is shown with either paragraph 1 or 2 below:
1. A minimum threat of 100 volts rms (root-mean-square) per meter
electric field strength from 10 KHz to 18 GHz.
a. The threat must be applied to the system elements and their
associated wiring harnesses without the benefit of airframe shielding.
b. Demonstration of this level of protection is established through
system tests and analysis.
2. A threat external to the airframe of the field strengths
indicated in the following table for the frequency ranges indicated.
Both peak and average field strength components from the table are to
be demonstrated.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field strength (volts
per meter)
Frequency -------------------------
Peak Average
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 kHz-100 kHz................................ 50 50
100 kHz-500 kHz............................... 50 50
500 kHz-2 MHz................................. 50 50
2 MHz-30 MHz.................................. 100 100
30 MHz-70 MHz................................. 50 50
70 MHz-100 MHz................................ 50 50
100 MHz-200 MHz............................... 100 100
200 MHz-400 MHz............................... 100 100
400 MHz-700 MHz............................... 700 50
700 MHz-1 GHz................................. 700 100
1 GHz-2 GHz................................... 2000 200
2 GHz-4 GHz................................... 3000 200
4 GHz-6 GHz................................... 3000 200
6 GHz-8 GHz................................... 1000 200
8 GHz-12 GHz.................................. 3000 300
12 GHz-18 GHz................................. 2000 200
18 GHz-40 GHz................................. 600 200
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The field strengths are expressed in terms of peak of the root-mean-
square (rms) over the complete modulation period.
The threat levels identified above are the result of an FAA review
of existing studies on the subject of HIRF, in light of the ongoing
work of the Electromagnetic Effects Harmonization Working Group of the
Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to
Learjet Models 24 B/D/E/F and 25 B/C/D/F series airplanes. Should
Aircraft Systems & manufacturing apply at a later date for a change to
the type certificate to include another model incorporating the same
novel or unusual design feature, these special conditions would apply
to that model as well as under the provisions of 14 CFR 21.101.
Conclusion
This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features
on the Learjet Models 24 B/D/E/F and 25 B/C/D/F airplanes modified by
Flight Test Associates, Incorporated. It is not a rule of general
applicability and affects only the applicant who applied to the FAA for
approval of these features on the airplane.
The substance of the special conditions for these airplanes has
been subjected to the notice and comment procedure in several prior
instances and has been derived without substantive change from those
previously issued. Because a delay would significantly affect the
certification of the airplane, which is imminent, the FAA has
determined that prior public notice and comment are unnecessary and
impracticable, and good cause exists for adopting these special
conditions immediately. The FAA is requesting comments to allow
interested persons to submit views that may not have been submitted in
response to the prior opportunities for comment described above.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
0
The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.
The Special Conditions
0
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the supplemental type certification basis for the modified Learjet
Models 24 B/D/E/F and 25 B/C/D/F airplanes modified by Flight Test
Associates, Incorporated.
1. Protection From Unwanted Effects of High-Intensity Radiated
Fields (HIRF). Each electrical and electronic system that performs
critical functions must be designed and installed to ensure that the
operation and operational capability of these systems to perform
critical functions are not adversely affected when the airplane is
exposed to high intensity radiated fields.
2. For the purpose of these special conditions, the following
definition applies:
Critical Functions: Functions whose failure would contribute to or
cause a failure condition that would prevent the continued safe flight
and landing of the airplane.
[[Page 19313]]
Issued in Renton, Washington, on March 31, 2004.
Kalene C. Yanamura,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 04-8355 Filed 4-12-04; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P