[Federal Register: April 19, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 75)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 20967-21022]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr19ap04-19]
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Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
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40 CFR Part 63
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Plastic Parts and Products; Final Rule
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[OAR-2002-0074; FRL-7554-4]
RIN 2060-AG57
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Plastic Parts and Products
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This action promulgates national emission standards for
hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for plastic parts and products
surface coating operations located at major sources of hazardous air
pollutants (HAP). The final rule implements section 112(d) of the Clean
Air Act (CAA) by requiring these operations to meet HAP emission
standards reflecting the application of the maximum achievable control
technology (MACT). The final rule will protect air quality and promote
the public health by reducing emissions of HAP from facilities in the
plastic parts and products surface coating source category. The organic
HAP emitted by these operations include methyl ethyl ketone (MEK),
methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), toluene, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
(EGBE) and other glycol ethers, and xylenes. Exposure to these
substances has been demonstrated to cause adverse health effects such
as irritation of the lung, skin, and mucous membranes, and effects on
the central nervous system, liver, and heart. In general, these
findings have only been shown with concentrations higher than those
typically in the ambient air. The final standards are expected to
reduce nationwide organic HAP emissions from major sources in this
source category by approximately 80 percent.
DATES: The final rule is effective April 19, 2004. The incorporation by
reference of certain publications listed in the final rule is approved
by the Director of the Federal Register as of April 19, 2004.
ADDRESSES: Docket. Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0074 (formerly Docket No. A-
99-12) is located at the EPA Docket Center, EPA West (6102T), 1301
Constitution Avenue, NW., Room B-102, Washington, DC 20460.
Background Information Document. A background information document
(BID) for the promulgated NESHAP may be obtained from the docket; the
U.S. EPA Library (C267-01), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, telephone
(919) 541-2777; or from the National Technical Information Service,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, telephone (703) 487-4650.
Refer to ``National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAP): Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products-Summary of
Public Comments and Responses on Proposed Rule'' (EPA-453/R-03-007).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Kim Teal, Coatings and Consumer
Products Group, Emission Standards Division (C539-03), U.S. EPA,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number (919) 541-5580;
facsimile number (919) 541-5689; electronic mail address:
teal.kim@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Regulated Entities. The source category
definition includes facilities that apply coatings to plastic parts and
products. In general, facilities that coat plastic parts and products
are covered under the North American Industrial Classification System
(NAICS) codes listed in Table 1. However, facilities classified under
other NAICS codes may be subject to the final standards if they meet
the applicability criteria. Not all facilities classified under the
NAICS codes in the following table will be subject to the final
standards because some of the classifications cover products outside
the scope of the NESHAP for plastic parts and products.
Table 1.--Categories and Entities Potentially Regulated by the Final Rule
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Category NAICS Examples of potentially regulated entities
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Industrial............................ 337214 Office furniture, except wood.
32614, 32615 Plastic foam products (e.g., pool floats,
wrestling mats, life jackets).
326199 Plastic products not elsewhere classified
(e.g., name plates, coin holders, storage
boxes, license plate housings, cosmetic caps,
cup holders).
333313 Office machines.
33422 Radio and television broadcasting and
communications equipment (e.g., cellular
telephones).
336211 Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing.
336399 Motor vehicle parts and accessories.
336212 Truck Trailer Manufacturing.
336213 Motor Home Manufacturing.
336214 Travel Trailer and Camper Manufacturing.
336999 Transportation equipment not elsewhere
classified (e.g., snowmobile hoods, running
boards, tractor body panels, personal
watercraft parts).
339111, 339112 Medical equipment and supplies.
33992 Sporting and athletic goods.
33995 Signs and advertising specialties.
339999 Manufacturing industries not elsewhere
classified (e.g., bezels, consoles, panels,
lenses).
Federal, State, and Local Governments. ....................... Government owned or operated facilities that
perform plastic parts and products surface
coating.
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This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. To determine whether your coating operation is regulated by
this action, you should examine the applicability criteria in Sec.
63.4481 of the final rule.
Docket. The EPA has established an official public docket for this
action under Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0074 (formerly docket No. A-99-12).
The official public docket consists of the documents specifically
referenced in this action, any public comments received, and other
information related to this action. Although a part of the official
docket, the public docket does not include Confidential Business
Information or other information whose disclosure is restricted by
statute. The official public docket is the collection of materials that
is available for public viewing at the EPA Docket Center, EPA West,
Room B-102, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460.
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The EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to
4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The
telephone number for the Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the
telephone number for the Docket is (202) 566-1742. A reasonable fee may
be charged for copying docket materials.
Electronic Docket Access. You may access this Federal Register
document electronically through the EPA Internet under the Federal
Register listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr.
An electronic version of the public docket is available through
EPA's electronic public docket and comment system, EPA Dockets. You may
use EPA Dockets at http://www.epa.gov/edocket/ to view public comments,
access the index listing of the contents of the official public docket,
and to access those documents in the public docket that are available
electronically. Although not all docket materials may be available
electronically, you may still access any of the publicly available
docket materials through the docket facility identified above. Once in
the system, select ``search,'' then key in the appropriate docket
identification number.
WorldWide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket,
an electronic copy of the final rule will be available on the http://WWW.
Following the Administrator's signature, a copy of the final rule will
be posted at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg on EPA's Technology Transfer
Network (TTN) policy and guidance page for newly proposed or
promulgated rules. The TTN provides information and technology exchange
in various areas of air pollution control. If more information
regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at (919) 541-5384.
Judicial Review. Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, judicial
review of the final rule is available only by the filing of a petition
for review in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit by June 18, 2004. Under section 307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA, only
an objection to the rule that was raised with reasonable specificity
during the period for public comment can be raised during judicial
review. Under section 307(b)(2) of the CAA, the requirements
established by the final rule may not be challenged separately in any
civil or criminal proceedings brought by EPA to enforce these
requirements.
Outline: The following outline is provided to aid in reading the
preamble to the final rule:
I. Background
A. What is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?
B. What Criteria are Used in the Development of NESHAP?
C. What are the Primary Sources of Emissions and what are the
Emissions?
D. What are the Health Effects Associated with Organic HAP
Emissions from the Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products?
II. Summary of the Final Rule
A. What Source Categories and Subcategories are Affected by the
Final Rule?
B. What is the Relationship to Other Rules?
C. What is the Affected Source?
D. What are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Other
Standards?
E. What are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
F. What are the Continuous Compliance Provisions?
G. What are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
III. What are the Significant Changes Since Proposal?
A. Applicability
B. Scope of Category
C. Emission Limits
D. Method for Determining HAP Content
E. Deviations from Operating Parameters
F. New Alternatives to Facilitate Compliance with Multiple
Coating NESHAP and Multiple Emission Limits
IV. What are the Responses to Significant Comments?
A. Applicability and Scope of Source Category
B. Overlap with Rules for Other Source Categories
C. The MACT Floor Approach and Database
D. Compliance Options for Meeting the Emission Limits
E. Methods for Determining HAP Content of Coatings
F. Notification Requirements
G. Compliance Requirements for Sources with Add-on Controls
V. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
A. What are the Air Impacts?
B. What are the Cost Impacts?
C. What are the Economic Impacts?
D. What are the Non-air Health, Environmental, and Energy
Impacts?
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations that
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
J. Congressional Review Act
I. Background
A. What Is the Source of Authority for Development of NESHAP?
Section 112 of the CAA requires us to list categories and
subcategories of major sources and area sources of HAP and to establish
NESHAP for the listed source categories and subcategories. The Plastic
Parts and Products (Surface Coating) category of major sources was
listed on July 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576), under the Surface Coating
Processes industry group. Major sources of HAP are those that emit or
have the potential to emit considering controls equal to or greater
than 9.1 megagrams per year (Mg/yr) (10 tons per year (tpy)) of any one
HAP or 22.7 Mg/yr (25 tpy) of any combination of HAP.
B. What Criteria Are Used in the Development of NESHAP?
Section 112(c)(2) of the CAA requires that we establish NESHAP for
the control of HAP from both new and existing major sources, based upon
the criteria set out in section 112(d). The CAA requires the NESHAP to
reflect the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of HAP that is
achievable, taking into consideration the cost of achieving the
emission reduction, any non-air quality health and environmental
impacts, and energy requirements. This level of control is commonly
referred to as MACT.
The MACT floor is the minimum control level allowed for NESHAP and
is defined under section 112(d)(3) of the CAA. In essence, the MACT
floor ensures that the standard is set at a level that assures that all
major sources achieve the level of control at least as stringent as
that already achieved by the better-controlled and lower-emitting
sources in each source category or subcategory. For new sources, the
MACT floor cannot be less stringent than the emission control that is
achieved in practice by the best-controlled similar source. The MACT
standards for existing sources can be less stringent than standards for
new sources, but they cannot be less stringent than the average
emission limitation achieved by the best-performing 12 percent of
existing sources in the category or subcategory (or the best-performing
five sources for categories or subcategories with fewer than 30
sources).
In developing the final NESHAP, we considered control options that
are more stringent than the MACT floor, taking into account
consideration of the cost of achieving the emission reduction, any
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non-air quality health and environmental impacts, and energy
requirements. In the final rule, EPA is promulgating standards for both
existing and new sources consistent with these statutory requirements.
C. What Are the Primary Sources of Emissions and What Are the
Emissions?
The final NESHAP regulate emissions of organic HAP. Available
emission data collected during the development of the final NESHAP show
that the primary organic HAP emitted from the surface coating of
plastic parts and products operations include MEK, MIBK, toluene, and
xylenes. These compounds account for over 85 percent of this category's
nationwide organic HAP emissions. Other organic HAP emissions
identified include EGBE and other glycol ethers.
The majority of organic HAP emissions from a facility engaged in
plastic parts and products surface coating operations can be attributed
to the application, drying, and curing of coatings. The remaining
emissions are primarily from cleaning operations. In most cases,
organic HAP emissions from mixing, storage, and waste handling are
relatively small.
The organic HAP emissions associated with coatings (the term
``coatings'' includes protective and decorative coatings as well as
adhesives) occur at several points. Coatings are most often applied
either by using a spray gun in a spray booth or by dipping the
substrate in a tank containing the coating. In a spray booth, volatile
components evaporate from the coating as it is applied to the part and
from the overspray. The coated part then passes through an open (flash-
off) area where additional volatiles evaporate from the coating.
Finally, the coated part passes through a drying/curing oven, or is
allowed to air dry, where the remaining volatiles are evaporated.
Organic HAP emissions also occur from the activities undertaken
during cleaning operations where solvent is used to remove coating
residue or other unwanted materials. Cleaning in this industry includes
cleaning of spray guns and transfer lines (e.g., tubing or piping),
tanks, and the interior of spray booths. Cleaning also includes
applying solvents to manufactured parts prior to coating application
and to equipment (e.g., cleaning rollers, pumps, conveyors, etc.).
Mixing and storage are other sources of emissions. Organic HAP
emissions can occur from displacement of organic vapor-laden air in
containers used to store organic HAP solvents or to mix coatings
containing organic HAP solvents. The displacement of vapor-laden air
can occur during the filling of containers and can be caused by changes
in temperature or barometric pressure, or by agitation during mixing.
D. What Are the Health Effects Associated With Organic HAP Emissions
From the Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products?
The HAP to be controlled with the final rule are associated with a
variety of adverse health effects. These adverse health effects include
chronic health disorders (e.g., birth defects and effects on the
central nervous system, liver, and heart), and acute health disorders
(e.g., irritation of the lung, skin, and mucous membranes, and effects
on the central nervous system).
We do not have the type of current detailed data on each of the
facilities covered by these emission standards for this source
category, and the people living around the facilities, that would be
necessary to conduct an analysis to determine the actual population
exposures to the organic HAP emitted from these facilities and
potential for resultant health effects. Therefore, we do not know the
extent to which the adverse health effects described above occur in the
populations surrounding these facilities. However, to the extent the
adverse effects do occur, the final rule will reduce emissions and
subsequent exposures.
II. Summary of the Final Rule
A. What Source Categories and Subcategories Are Affected by the Final
Rule?
The final rule applies to you if you own or operate a plastic parts
and products surface coating facility that is a major source, or is
located at a major source, or is part of a major source of HAP
emissions. We define a plastic parts and products surface coating
facility as any facility engaged in the surface coating of any plastic
part or product. If application of coating to a substrate occurs, then
surface coating also includes associated activities, such as surface
preparation, cleaning, mixing, and storage. However, these associated
activities do not comprise surface coating if the application of
coating does not occur. Coating application with handheld, non-
refillable aerosol containers, touch-up markers, marking pens, or the
application of paper film or plastic film which may be pre-coated with
an adhesive by the manufacturer is not a coating operation for the
purposes of the final rule.
You will not be subject to the final rule if your plastic parts and
products surface coating facility is located at an area source. An area
source of HAP is any facility that has the potential to emit HAP but is
not a major source. You may establish area source status by limiting
the source's potential to emit HAP through appropriate mechanisms
available through your permitting authority.
The final rule does not apply to surface coating or a coating
operation that meets any of the criteria listed below:
A coating operation conducted at a source where
the source uses only coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and
cleaning materials that contain no organic HAP, as determined according
to the procedures in the final rule.
Surface coating that occurs at research or
laboratory facilities, or is part of janitorial, building, and facility
maintenance operations, or that occurs at hobby shops operated for
noncommercial purposes.
Surface coating of plastic performed on-site at
installations owned or operated by the Armed Forces of the United
States (including the Coast Guard and the National Guard of any such
State) or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), or
the surface coating of military munitions manufactured by or for the
Armed Forces of the United States (including the Coast Guard and the
National Guard of any such State).
Surface coating where plastic is extruded onto
plastic parts or products to form a coating.
Surface coating of magnet wire.
In-mold coating or gel coating operations in
manufacturing of reinforced plastic composites that meet the
applicability criteria of the Reinforced Plastic Composites Production
NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart WWWW, 68 FR 19375, April 21, 2003).
Surface coating of plastic components of wood
furniture that meet the applicability criteria for Wood Furniture
Manufacturing NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart JJ).
Surface coating of plastic components of large
appliances that meet the applicability criteria for large appliance
surface coating (40 CFR part 63, subpart NNNN).
Surface coating of plastic components of metal
furniture that meet the applicability criteria for Metal Furniture
Surface Coating NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart RRRR; 68 FR 28606, May
23, 2003).
Surface coating of plastic components of wood
building products that meet the applicability criteria for Wood
Building Products Surface
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Coating NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart QQQQ; 68 FR 31746, May 28,
2003).
Surface coating of plastic components of
aerospace vehicles that meet the applicability criteria for Aerospace
Manufacturing and Rework NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart GG).
The application of specialty coatings defined in
appendix A to 40 CFR part 63, subpart GG to a plastic aerospace vehicle
or component.
Surface coating of plastic components of ships
that meet the applicability criteria for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair
NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart II).
Surface coating of plastic using a web coating
process that meets the applicability criteria for Paper and Other Web
Coating NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart JJJJ).
Surface coating of fiberglass boats or parts of
fiberglass boats (including, but not limited to, the use of assembly
adhesives) where the facility meets the applicability criteria for Boat
Manufacturing NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart VVVV), except where the
surface coating of the boat is a post-mold coating operation performed
on personal watercraft or parts of personal watercraft.
Surface coating of plastic components of
automobiles and light-duty trucks that meet the applicability criteria
for Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks Surface Coating NESHAP (40 CFR
part 63, subpart IIII (under development)).
If you perform surface coating of plastic parts or products that
meet the applicability criteria for both the Automobiles and Light-Duty
Trucks NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart IIII (under development)) and
these NESHAP, then you may comply with the requirements of the
Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP for the surface coating of all
your plastic parts used in automobile or light-duty truck manufacturing
in lieu of complying with each subpart separately.
The final rule contains four subcategories: general use coating,
thermoplastic olefin (TPO) coating, automotive lamp coating, and
assembled on-road vehicle coating. The general use subcategory includes
all surface coating operations in the plastic parts and products source
category that are not included in the other four subcategories. This
includes operations that coat a wide variety of substrates, surfaces,
and types of plastic parts, as well as more specialized coating
scenarios. The TPO subcategory encompasses all materials used in the
surface coating of TPO substrates for automotive applications. The TPO
subcategory requires the use of solvents to facilitate proper adhesion
of coatings. The automotive lamp subcategory addresses the unique
requirements for surface coating of exterior automotive lamps (e.g.,
headlamps, tail lamps, etc.). Automotive lamps are subject to
regulatory requirements established by the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration resulting in the use of specific coatings to
achieve required performance specifications. The assembled on-road
vehicle subcategory addresses surface coating of fully-assembled
vehicles that are physically larger than the other plastic parts and
products coated in this source category and that may contain heat-
sensitive parts. The large size and presence of heat-sensitive parts
make certain lower-HAP technologies, such as heat-cured waterborne
coatings, infeasible for assembled on-road vehicles. The assembled on-
road vehicle subcategory will affect primarily recreational vehicle
manufacture and automobile body refinishing.
Each subcategory consists of all coating operations, including
associated surface preparation, equipment cleaning, mixing, storage,
and waste handling.
B. What Is the Relationship to Other Rules?
The new source performance standards (NSPS) that could potentially
apply to sources also subject to the final rule are the Standards of
Performance for Industrial Surface Coating: Surface Coating of Plastic
Parts for Business Machines (40 CFR part 60, subpart TTT). The NSPS
apply to facilities that apply coatings to plastic parts for use in
business machines if the facility began construction, reconstruction,
or modification after January 8, 1986. The pollutants regulated are
volatile organic compounds. Because of the differences between the NSPS
and the NESHAP, compliance with either rule cannot be deemed compliance
with the other. A plastic parts and products surface coating operation
that meets the applicability requirements of both the NSPS and the
NESHAP must comply with both.
Affected sources that meet the applicability criteria in the final
plastic parts and products rule may also meet the applicability
criteria of other coating NESHAP. For example, some facilities that
coat plastic and metal parts using the same or different coatings,
coating application processes, and conveyance equipment, either
simultaneously or at alternative times could be subject to both the
Plastic Parts and Products Surface Coating NESHAP and the Miscellaneous
Metal Parts and Products Surface Coating NESHAP (40 CFR part 63,
subpart MMMM).
In the final rule, we have minimized the burden of complying with
multiple surface coating emission limits by offering two alternatives
to complying separately with each applicable emission limit. The first
alternative allows a facility to have all applicable surface coating
operations comply with the emission limit that represents the
predominant type of coating activity at that facility. Predominant
activity means the coating activity that represents 90 percent or more
of the surface coating activities at a facility. For example, if a
facility is subject to both the Plastic Parts and Miscellaneous Metal
Parts NESHAP and the activities subject to the Miscellaneous Metal
Parts NESHAP account for 90 percent or more of the surface coating
activity at the facility, then the facility may comply with the
emission limitations for miscellaneous metal parts and products for
both types of surface coating operations.
The predominant activity alternative may be applied if 90 percent
or more of the surface coating is in the general use or TPO coating
subcategory; however, this alternative is not available where assembled
on-road vehicle, or automotive lamp coating represents the predominant
activity. The emission limits for those two subcategories reflect
specialized performance requirements and the need for higher-HAP-
containing materials. It would not be appropriate to apply emission
limits specifically developed for unique performance characteristics to
other types of coatings.
You must include all surface coating activities that meet the
applicability criteria of a subcategory in a surface coating NESHAP and
constitute more than 1 percent of total coating activities. Coating
activities that meet the applicability criteria of a subcategory in a
surface coating NESHAP but comprise less than 1 percent of total
coating activities need not be included in the determination of
predominant activity but they must be included in the compliance
calculations.
The second alternative allows a facility to calculate and comply
with a facility-specific emission limit for each 12-month rolling
average compliance period. The facility would use the relative amount
of coating activity subject to each emission limit in each NESHAP to
calculate a weighted, or composite, emission limit for that facility.
Compliance with that facility-specific emission limit for all surface
coating activities included in the
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facility-specific emission limit constitutes compliance with the
emission limits in the Plastic Parts NESHAP, as well as other
applicable NESHAP.
As with the predominant activity alternative, you must include all
surface coating activities that meet the applicability criteria of a
subcategory in a surface coating NESHAP and constitute more than 1
percent of total coating activities. Coating activities that meet the
applicability criteria of a subcategory in a surface coating NESHAP but
comprise less than 1 percent of total coating activities need not be
included in the facility-specific emission limit calculation, but they
must be included in the compliance calculations.
C. What Is the Affected Source?
We define an affected source as a stationary source, a group of
stationary sources, or part of a stationary source to which a specific
emission standard applies. The final rule defines the affected source
as the collection of all operations associated with the surface coating
of plastic parts and products within each of the four subcategories
(TPO, automotive lamps, assembled on-road vehicle, and general use). If
application to a substrate occurs, these operations include preparation
of a coating for application (e.g., mixing with thinners and/or other
additives); surface preparation of the plastic parts and products
(including the use of a cleaning material to remove dried coating);
coating application and flash-off; drying and/or curing of applied
coatings; cleaning of equipment used in surface coating; storage of
coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials; and
handling and conveyance of waste materials from the surface coating
operations. The coating operation does not include the application of
coatings using hand-held nonrefillable aerosol containers, touch-up
markers, marking pens, or the application of paper film or plastic film
that may be pre-coated with an adhesive by the manufacturer.
D. What Are the Emission Limits, Operating Limits, and Other Standards?
Emission Limits. We are limiting organic HAP emissions from each
existing affected source using the emission limits in Table 2 of this
preamble. For each new or reconstructed affected source, the final
emission limits are given in Table 3 of this preamble. For each of the
subcategories, the emission limit is expressed as the mass of organic
HAP emissions per mass of coating solids used during each 12-month
compliance period.
Table 2.--Emission Limits for Existing Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The organic HAP
emission limit you must
meet, in kilograms (kg)
For any affected source applying coating to . . organic HAP emitted/kg
. coating solids used.
(Same number applies to
lb organic HAP emitted/
lb coating solids used)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TPO substrates................................. 0.26
Automotive lamps............................... 0.45
Assembled on-road vehicles..................... 1.34
Other (general use) plastic parts and products. 0.16
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3.--Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed Affected Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The organic HAP
emission limit you must
meet, in kg organic HAP
For any affected source applying coating to . . emitted/kg coating
. solids used (Same
number applies to lb
organic HAP emitted/lb
coating solids used)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TPO substrates................................. 0.22
Automotive lamps............................... 0.26
Assembled on-road vehicles..................... 1.34
Other (general use) plastic parts and products. 0.16
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may choose from several compliance options in the final rule to
achieve the emission limits. You could comply by applying materials
(coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials)
that meet the emission limits, either individually or collectively,
during each compliance period. You could also use a capture system and
add-on control device to meet the emission limits. You could also
comply by using a combination of both approaches.
Operating Limits. If you reduce emissions by using a capture system
and add-on control device (other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance), the operating
limits apply to you. These limits are site-specific parameter limits
that you determine during the initial performance test of the system.
For capture systems that are not permanent total enclosures, you
establish average volumetric flow rates or duct static pressure limits
for each capture device (or enclosure) in each capture system. For
capture systems that are permanent total enclosures, you establish
limits on average facial velocity or pressure drop across openings in
the enclosure.
For thermal oxidizers, you monitor the combustion temperature. For
catalytic oxidizers, you monitor the temperature immediately before and
after the catalyst bed, or you monitor the temperature before or after
the catalyst bed and implement a site-specific
[[Page 20973]]
inspection and maintenance plan for the catalytic oxidizer. For
regenerative carbon adsorbers for which you do not conduct a liquid-
liquid material balance, you monitor the carbon bed temperature and the
amount of steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed. For condensers, you
monitor the outlet gas temperature from the condenser. For
concentrators, you monitor the temperature of the desorption gas stream
and the pressure drop across the concentrator.
The site-specific parameter limits that you establish must reflect
operation of the capture system and control devices during a
performance test that demonstrates achievement of the emission limits
during representative operating conditions.
Work Practice Standards. If you use an emission capture system and
control device for compliance, you must develop and implement a work
practice plan to minimize organic HAP emissions from mixing operations;
storage tanks and other containers; and handling operations for
coatings, thinners and/or other additives, cleaning materials, and
waste materials. If your affected source has an existing documented
plan that incorporates steps taken to minimize emissions from the
aforementioned sources, you may be able to use your existing plan to
satisfy the requirement for a work practice plan.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
are required to develop and operate according to a startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan (SSMP) during periods of startup, shutdown, or
malfunction of the capture system and control device.
The NESHAP General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A) codify
certain procedures and criteria for all 40 CFR part 63 NESHAP and apply
to you as indicated in the final rule. The General Provisions contain
administrative procedures, preconstruction review procedures for new
sources, and procedures for conducting compliance-related activities
such as notifications, reporting and recordkeeping, performance
testing, and monitoring. The final rule refers to individual sections
of the General Provisions to emphasize key sections that are relevant.
However, unless specifically overridden in the final rule, all of the
applicable General Provisions requirements apply to you.
E. What Are the Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements?
Existing affected sources must be in compliance with the final rule
no later than April 19, 2007. New and reconstructed sources must be in
compliance upon initial startup of the affected source or by April 19,
2004, whichever is later. However, affected sources are not required to
demonstrate compliance until the end of the initial compliance period
when they will have accumulated the necessary records to document the
rolling 12-month organic HAP emission rate.
Compliance with the emission limits is based on a rolling 12-month
organic HAP emission rate determined each month. Each 12-month period
is a compliance period. The initial compliance period, therefore, is
the 12-month period beginning on the compliance date. If the compliance
date occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the
initial compliance period begins on the compliance date and extends
through the end of that month plus the following 12 months. In other
words, the initial compliance period could be almost 13 months long,
but all subsequent compliance periods will be 12 months long. We have
defined ``month'' as a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28
to 35 days to allow for flexibility at sources where data are based on
a business accounting period.
Being ``in compliance'' means that the owner or operator of the
affected source meets the requirements to achieve the final emission
limitations during the initial compliance period. However, they will
not have accumulated the records for the rolling 12-month organic HAP
emission rate until the end of the initial compliance period. At the
end of the initial compliance period, the owner or operator uses the
data and records generated to determine whether or not the affected
source is in compliance with the organic HAP emission limit and other
applicable requirements for that period. If the affected source does
not meet the applicable limit and other requirements, it is out of
compliance for the entire compliance period.
Emission Limits. There are three options for complying with the
final emission limits, and the testing and initial compliance
requirements vary accordingly. You may choose to use one compliance
option for the entire affected source, or you may use different
compliance options for different coating operations within the affected
source. You may also use different compliance options for the same
coating operation at different times, different compliance options when
different coatings are applied to the same part, or when the same
coating is applied to different parts. However, you may not use
different compliance options at the same time on the same coating
operation.
Option 1: Compliant materials. This option is a pollution
prevention option that allows you to easily demonstrate compliance by
using low-HAP or non-HAP coatings and other materials. If you use
coatings that, based on their organic HAP content, individually meet
the kilogram (kg) (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids
used levels in the applicable emission limits and you use non-HAP
thinners and other additives and cleaning materials, this compliance
option is available to you. For this option, we have minimized
recordkeeping and reporting requirements. You may demonstrate
compliance by using manufacturer's formulation data and readily
available purchase records to determine the organic HAP content of each
coating or other material and the amount of each material used. You do
not need to perform any detailed emission rate calculations.
If you demonstrate compliance based on the coatings and other
materials used, you demonstrate that the organic HAP content of each
coating meets the emission limits for the appropriate subcategory as
shown in Tables 2 and 3 of this preamble, and that you used no organic
HAP-containing thinners and/or other additives, or cleaning materials.
For example, if you are using the compliant materials option and your
existing source has TPO coating operations, automotive lamp coating
operations, assembled on-road vehicle coating operations, and general
use coating operations, you demonstrate that: (1) Each coating used in
the TPO coating operation has an organic HAP content no greater than
0.26 kg (0.26 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used;
(2) each coating used in the automotive lamp coating operations has an
organic HAP content no greater than 0.45 kg (0.45 lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used; (3) each coating used in the
assembled on-road vehicle coating operations has an organic HAP content
no greater than 1.34 kg (1.34 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb)
coating solids used; (4) each general use coating has an organic HAP
content no greater than 0.16 kg (0.16 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg
(lb) coating solids used; and (5) that you used no organic HAP-
containing thinners and/or other additives, or cleaning materials. Note
that ``no organic HAP'' is not intended to mean absolute zero.
Materials that contain ``no organic HAP'' means materials that contain
organic HAP levels below the levels specified in Sec. 63.4541(a) of
the final rule, which are typical Occupational Safety and Health
[[Page 20974]]
Administration (OSHA) reporting levels for material safety data sheets.
These typical reporting levels only count organic HAP that are present
at 0.1 percent or more by mass for OSHA-defined carcinogens and at 1.0
percent or more by mass for other compounds.
To determine the mass of organic HAP in coatings, thinners and/or
other additives, and cleaning materials and the mass fraction of
coating solids, you may rely on manufacturer's formulation data. You
are not required to perform tests or analysis of the material if
formulation data are available. Alternatively, you could use results
from the test methods listed below. You may also use alternative test
methods provided you get EPA approval in accordance with the NESHAP
General Provisions, 40 CFR 63.7(f). However, if there is any
inconsistency between the test method results (either EPA's or an
approved alternative) and manufacturer's data, the test method results
prevail for compliance and enforcement purposes, unless, after
consultation you demonstrate to the satisfaction of the enforcement
agency that the formulation data are correct.
The following test methods are used to determine HAP content. For
organic HAP content, use Method 311 of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A. You
may also use nonaqueous volatile matter as a surrogate for organic HAP,
which includes all organic HAP plus all other organic compounds,
excluding water. If you choose this option, use Method 24 of 40 CFR
part 60, appendix A. If you are determining HAP content for reactive
adhesives (that is, adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form
solids and are not emitted to the atmosphere), you may use the
alternative to Method 24 that is included in appendix A of the final
rule. For determining mass fraction of coating solids, use Method 24.
Option 2: Compliance based on the emission rate without add-on
controls. This option is a pollution prevention option that allows you
to demonstrate compliance based on the organic HAP contained in the mix
of coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials
you use. This option offers the flexibility to use some individual
coatings that do not, by themselves, meet the kg (lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used levels in the applicable
emission limits if you use other low-HAP or non-HAP coatings such that
overall emissions from the affected source over a 12-month period meet
the emission limits. You must use this option if you use HAP-containing
thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials and do not have
add-on controls. You keep track of the mass of organic HAP in each
coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material, and the
amount of each material you use in your affected source each month of
the compliance period. You use this information to determine the total
mass of organic HAP in all coatings, thinners and/or other additives,
and cleaning materials divided by the total mass of coating solids used
during the compliance period. You demonstrate that your emission rate
(in kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used) meets
the applicable emission limit. You may use readily available purchase
records and manufacturer's formulation data to determine the amount of
each coating or other material you used and the organic HAP in each
material. The final rule contains equations that show you how to
perform the calculations to demonstrate compliance.
If you demonstrate compliance using Option 2, you are required to:
Determine the quantity of each coating, thinner
and/or other additive, and cleaning material used.
Determine the mass of organic HAP in each
coating, thinner and other additive, and cleaning material using the
same types of data and methods previously described for Option 1,
including the alternative methods for reactive coatings. You may rely
on manufacturer's formulation data or you may choose to use test
results as described under Option 1.
Determine the mass fraction of coating solids
for each coating using the same types of data or methods described
under Option 1. In this option, you may include the solids from powder
coatings in the compliance calculations.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all
materials and total mass of coating solids used each month. You may
subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount contained in
waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP
emissions and total mass of coating solids used for the initial
compliance period by adding together all the monthly values for mass of
organic HAP and for mass of coating solids used for the 12 months of
the initial compliance period.
Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic
HAP emitted for the materials used to the total mass of coating solids
used (kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) of coating solids used)
for the initial compliance period.
Record the calculations and results and include
them in your Notification of Compliance Status.
Note that if you choose to use this option for a particular coating
operation rather than for all coating operations at the source, you
calculate the organic HAP emission rate using just the materials used
in that operation. Similarly, if your facility has multiple coating
operations using this option (e.g., a TPO coating operation, an
automotive lamp coating operation, an assembled on-road vehicle coating
operation, and a general use coating operation), you do a separate
calculation for each coating operation to show that each coating
operation meets its emission limit. If you are complying with a
facility-specific emission limit, you include all coating operations
that are subject to the facility-specific emission limit in the
compliance calculations.
Option 3: Compliance based on using a capture system and add-on
controls device. This option allows sources to use a capture system and
an add-on pollution control device, such as a combustion device or a
recovery device, to meet the emission limits. While we believe that,
based on typical emission characteristics, most sources will not use
control devices, we are providing this option for sources that use
control devices. Fewer than 10 percent of the existing sources for
which we have data use control devices. Under this option, testing is
required to demonstrate the capture system and control device
efficiencies. Alternatively, you may conduct a liquid-liquid material
balance to demonstrate the amount of organic HAP collected by your
recovery device. The final rule provides equations showing you how to
use records of materials usage, organic HAP contents of each material,
capture and control efficiencies, and coating solids content to
calculate your emission rate during the compliance period.
If you demonstrate compliance based on this option, you demonstrate
that your emission rate considering controls (in kg (lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) of coating solids used) is less than the applicable
emission limit. For a capture system and add-on control device, other
than a solvent recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid
material balance, your testing and initial compliance requirements are
as follows:
Conduct an initial performance test to determine
the capture and control efficiencies of the equipment and to establish
operating limits to be achieved on a continuous basis. The performance
test must be completed no later than the
[[Page 20975]]
compliance date for existing sources and 180 days after the compliance
date for new and reconstructed sources.
Calculate the mass of organic HAP in each
coating and other material, and the mass fraction of coating solids for
each coating used during each month of the initial compliance period.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP in all
coatings and other materials, and total mass of coating solids used
each month in the controlled operation or group of coating operations.
You may subtract from the total mass of organic HAP the amount
contained in waste materials you send to a hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facility regulated under 40 CFR part 262, 264,
265, or 266.
Calculate the organic HAP emissions from the
controlled coating operations each month using the capture and control
efficiencies determined during the performance test, and the total mass
of organic HAP in materials used in controlled coating operations that
month.
Calculate the total mass of organic HAP
emissions and total mass of coating solids used for the initial
compliance period by adding together all the monthly values for mass of
organic HAP emissions and for mass of coating solids for the 12 months
in the initial compliance period.
Calculate the ratio of the total mass of organic
HAP emissions to the total mass of coating solids used during the
initial compliance period.
Record the calculations and results and include
them in your Notification of Compliance Status.
Develop and implement a work practice plan to
minimize emissions from storage, mixing, and handling of organic HAP-
containing materials.
Note that if you choose to use this option for a particular coating
operation rather than for the entire affected source, you calculate the
organic HAP emission rate using just the materials used in that
operation. Similarly, if your facility has multiple coating operations
using this option (e.g., a TPO coating operation, an automotive lamp
coating operation, an assembled on-road vehicle coating operation, and
a general use coating operation), you do a separate calculation for
each coating operation to show that each coating operation meets its
emission limit. If you are complying with a facility-specific emission
limit, you would include all coating operations that are subject to the
facility-specific emission limit in the compliance calculations.
If you use a capture system and add-on control device, other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances, you use specified test methods to determine both the
efficiency of the capture system and the emission reduction efficiency
of the control device. To determine the capture efficiency, you would
either verify the presence of a permanent total enclosure using EPA
Method 204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M (and all materials must be
applied and dried within the enclosure); or use one of three protocols
in Sec. 63.4565 of the final rule to measure capture efficiency. If
you have a permanent total enclosure and all materials are applied and
dried within the enclosure and you route all exhaust gases from the
enclosure to a control device, you assume 100 percent capture.
To determine the emission reduction efficiency of the control
device, you conduct measurements of the inlet and outlet gas streams.
The test consists of three runs, each run lasting 1 hour, using the
following EPA Methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A:
Method 1 or 1A for selection of the sampling
sites.
Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the
gas volumetric flow rate.
Method 3, 3A, or 3B for gas analysis to
determine dry molecular weight.
Method 4 to determine stack moisture.
Method 25 or 25A to determine organic volatile
matter concentration. Alternatively, any other test method or data that
have been validated according to the applicable procedures in Method
301 of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A, and approved by the Administrator,
could be used.
If you use a solvent recovery system, you could choose to determine
the overall control efficiency using a liquid-liquid material balance
instead of conducting an initial performance test. If you use the
material balance alternative, you are required to measure the amount of
all materials used in the controlled coating operations served by the
solvent recovery system during each month of the initial compliance
period, and to determine the total volatile matter contained in these
materials. You also measure the amount of volatile matter recovered by
the solvent recovery system during each month of the initial compliance
period. Then you compare the amount recovered to the amount used to
determine the overall control efficiency each month and apply this
efficiency to the total mass of organic HAP in the materials used to
determine total organic HAP emissions for the month. You total these 12
monthly organic HAP emission values and divide by the total of the 12
monthly values for coating solids used to calculate the emission rate
for the 12-month initial compliance period. You record the calculations
and results and include them in your Notification of Compliance Status.
Operating Limits. As mentioned above, you establish operating
limits as part of the initial performance test of a capture system and
control device, other than a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances. The operating limits are the
minimum or maximum (as applicable) values achieved for capture systems
and control devices during the most recent performance test, conducted
under representative conditions, that demonstrated compliance with the
emission limits.
The final rule specifies the parameters to monitor for the types of
emission control systems commonly used in the industry. You are
required to install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate all
monitoring equipment according to manufacturer's specifications and
ensure that the continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) meet the
requirements in Sec. 63.4568 of the final rule. If you use control
devices other than those identified in the final rule, you submit the
operating parameters to be monitored to the Administrator for approval.
The authority to approve the parameters to be monitored is retained by
EPA and is not delegated to States.
If you use a thermal or catalytic oxidizer, you continuously
monitor the appropriate temperature and record it at least every 15
minutes. For thermal oxidizers, the temperature monitor is placed in
the firebox or in the duct immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs. The operating limit is the
average temperature measured during the performance test and for each
consecutive 3-hour period; the average temperature has to be at or
above this limit. For catalytic oxidizers, temperature monitors are
placed immediately before and after the catalyst bed. The operating
limits are the average temperature just before the catalyst bed and the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed during the
performance test. For each 3-hour period, the average temperature and
the average temperature difference must be at or above these limits.
Alternatively, if you develop and implement an inspection and
maintenance plan for the catalytic oxidizer, then you are allowed to
monitor only the temperature before the catalyst bed and meet only the
temperature operating limit before the
[[Page 20976]]
catalyst bed and are not required to monitor the difference across the
bed.
If you use a regenerative carbon adsorber and do not conduct
liquid-liquid material balances to demonstrate compliance, you monitor
the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration and the total amount
of steam or nitrogen used to desorb the bed for each regeneration. The
operating limits are the carbon bed temperature at the time the carbon
bed is returned to service (not to be exceeded) and the amount of steam
or nitrogen used for desorption (to be met as a minimum).
If you use a condenser and do not conduct liquid-liquid material
balances to demonstrate compliance, you monitor the outlet gas
temperature to ensure that the air stream is being cooled to a low
enough temperature. The operating limit is the average condenser outlet
gas temperature measured during the performance test and for each
consecutive 3-hour period, the average temperature must be at or below
this limit.
If you use a concentrator, you monitor the temperature of the
desorption concentrate stream and the pressure drop across the
concentrator. These values must be recorded at least once every 15
minutes. The operating limits must be the 3-hour average temperature
(to be met as a minimum) and the 3-hour average pressure drop (to be
met as a minimum) measured during the performance test.
For each capture system that is not a permanent total enclosure,
you establish operating limits for gas volumetric flow rate or duct
static pressure for each enclosure or capture device. The operating
limit is the average volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure
during the performance test, to be met as a minimum. For each capture
system that is a permanent total enclosure, the operating limit
requires the average facial velocity of air through all natural draft
openings to be at least 200 feet per minute or the pressure drop across
the enclosure to be at least 0.007 inches water.
Work Practices. If you use a capture system and control device for
compliance, you are required to develop and implement on an ongoing
basis a work practice plan for minimizing organic HAP emissions from
storage, mixing, material handling, and waste handling operations. This
plan must include a description of all steps taken to minimize
emissions from these sources (e.g., using closed storage containers,
practices to minimize emissions during filling and transfer of contents
from containers, using spill minimization techniques, placing solvent-
laden cloths in closed containers immediately after use, etc.). You
must make the plan available for inspection if the Administrator
requests to see it.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
are required to develop and operate according to a SSMP during periods
of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control
device.
F. What Are the Continuous Compliance Provisions?
Emission Limits. If you use the compliant materials option (Option
1), you demonstrate continuous compliance if each coating meets the
applicable emission limit and you use no organic HAP-containing
thinners and/or other additives, or cleaning materials. If you use the
emission rate without add-on controls option (Option 2), you
demonstrate continuous compliance if, for each 12-month compliance
period, the ratio of kg (lb) organic HAP emitted to kg (lb) coating
solids used is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit. You
follow the same procedures for calculating the organic HAP emitted to
coating solids used ratio that you used for the initial compliance
period.
For each coating operation on which you use a capture system and
control device (Option 3), other than a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance, you use the
continuous parameter monitoring results for the month as part of the
determination of the mass of organic HAP emissions. If the monitoring
results indicate no deviations from the operating limits and there were
no bypasses of the control device, you assume the capture system and
control device are achieving the same percent emission reduction
efficiency as they did during the most recent performance test in which
compliance was demonstrated. You then apply this percent reduction to
the total mass of organic HAP in materials used in the controlled
coating operations to determine the emissions from those operations
during the month. If there were any deviations from the operating
limits during the month or any bypasses of the control device, you
account for them in the calculation of the monthly emissions by
assuming the capture system and control device were achieving zero
emission reduction during the periods of deviation, unless you have
other data indicating the actual efficiency of the emission capture
system and add-on control device, and the use of these data is approved
by your permitting authority. Determine the organic HAP emission rate
by dividing the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the 12-month
compliance period by the total mass of coating solids used during the
12-month compliance period. Every month, you calculate the emission
rate for the previous 12-month period.
For each coating operation on which you use a solvent recovery
system and conduct a liquid-liquid material balance each month, you use
the liquid-liquid material balance to determine control efficiency. To
determine the overall control efficiency, you must measure the amount
of all materials used during each month and determine the volatile
matter content of these materials. You must also measure the amount of
volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery system during the
month, calculate the overall control efficiency, and apply it to the
total mass of organic HAP in the materials used to determine total
organic HAP emissions each month. Then you determine the 12-month
organic HAP emission rate in the same manner described above.
Operating Limits. If you use a capture system and control device,
the final rule requires you to achieve on a continuous basis the
operating limits you establish during the performance test. If the
continuous monitoring shows that the capture system and control device
are operating outside the range of values established during the
performance test, you have deviated from the established operating
limits.
If you operate a capture system and control device with bypass
lines that could allow emissions to bypass the control device, you
demonstrate that captured organic HAP emissions within the affected
source are being routed to the control device by monitoring for
potential bypass of the control device. You may choose from the
following five monitoring procedures:
Flow control position indicator to provide a
record of whether the exhaust stream is directed to the control device.
Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures to
secure the bypass line valve in the closed position when the control
device is operating.
Valve closure monitoring to ensure any bypass
line valve or damper is closed when the control device is operating.
Automatic shutdown system to stop the coating
operation when flow is diverted from the control device.
Flow direction indicator to provide a record of
whether the exhaust stream is flowing toward the control device.
A deviation would occur for any period of time the bypass
monitoring
[[Page 20977]]
indicates that emissions are not routed to the control device.
Work Practices. If you use an emission capture system and control
device for compliance, you are required to implement, on an ongoing
basis, the work practice plan you developed during the initial
compliance period. If you did not develop a plan for reducing organic
HAP emissions or you do not implement the plan, this would be a
deviation from the work practice standard.
If you use a capture system and control device for compliance, you
are required to operate according to your SSMP during periods of
startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control
device.
G. What Are the Notification, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Requirements?
You are required to comply with the applicable requirements in the
NESHAP General Provisions, subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, as described in
the final rule. The General Provisions notification requirements
include: initial notifications, notification of performance test if you
are complying using a capture system and control device, notification
of compliance status, and additional notifications required for
affected sources with continuous monitoring systems. The General
Provisions also require certain records and periodic reports.
Initial Notifications. If you own or operate an existing affected
source, you must send a notification to the EPA Regional Office in the
region where your facility is located and to your State agency no later
than 1 year after publication of the final rule in the Federal
Register. For new and reconstructed sources, you must send the
notification within 120 days after the date of initial startup or 120
days after publication of the final rule, whichever is later. That
report notifies us and your State agency that you have an existing
affected source that is subject to the final standards or that you have
constructed a new affected source. Thus, it allows you and the
permitting authority to plan for compliance activities. You also need
to send a notification of planned construction or reconstruction of a
source that would be subject to the final rule and apply for approval
to construct or reconstruct.
Notification of Performance Test. If you demonstrate compliance by
using a capture system and control device for which you do not conduct
a liquid-liquid material balance, you must conduct a performance test.
The performance test is required no later than the compliance date for
an existing affected source. For a new or reconstructed affected
source, the performance test is required no later than 180 days after
startup or 180 days after Federal Register publication of the final
rule, whichever is later. You must notify EPA (or the delegated State
or local agency) at least 60 calendar days before the performance test
is scheduled to begin and submit a report of the performance test
results no later than 60 days after the test.
Notification of Compliance Status. You must submit a Notification
of Compliance Status within 30 days after the end of the initial 12-
month compliance period. In the notification, you must certify whether
each affected source has complied with the final standards; identify
the option(s) you used to demonstrate initial compliance; summarize the
data and calculations supporting the compliance demonstration; and
provide information on any deviations from the emission limits,
operating limits, or other requirements.
If you elect to comply by using a capture system and control device
for which you conduct performance tests, you must provide the results
of the tests. Your notification must also include the measured range of
each monitored parameter, the operating limits established during the
performance test, and information showing whether the source has
complied with its operating limits during the initial compliance
period.
If you are complying with a single emission limit representing the
predominant surface coating activity under Sec. 63.4490(c)(1) of the
final rule, include all calculations and supporting documentation for
the predominant activity determination. If you are complying with a
facility-specific emission limit under Sec. 63.4490(c)(2) of the final
rule, include the calculation of the facility-specific emission limit
and any supporting information.
Recordkeeping Requirements. You must keep records of reported
information and all other information necessary to document compliance
with the final rule for 5 years. As required under the General
Provisions, records for the 2 most recent years must be kept on-site or
be readily accessible from the site (for example, by a computer
network); the other 3 years' records may be kept off-site. Records
pertaining to the design and operation of the control and monitoring
equipment must be kept for the life of the equipment.
Depending on the compliance option that you choose, you may need to
keep records of the following:
Organic HAP content or volatile organic matter
content and coating solids content (for all compliance options).
Quantity of the coatings, thinners and/or other
additives, and cleaning materials used during each compliance period.
If you are using the compliant material option for all coatings at the
source, you may maintain purchase records for each material used rather
than a record of the volume used.
For the emission rate (with or without add-on
controls) compliance options, calculations of your emission rate for
each 12-month compliance period.
All documentation supporting initial
notifications and notifications of compliance status.
If you demonstrate compliance by using a capture system and control
device, you must keep records of the following:
All required measurements, calculations, and
supporting documentation needed to demonstrate compliance with the
standards.
All results of performance tests and parameter
monitoring.
All information necessary to demonstrate
conformance with your plan for minimizing emissions from mixing,
storage, and waste handling operations.
All information necessary to demonstrate
conformance with the affected source's SSMP when the plan procedures
are followed.
The occurrence and duration of each startup,
shutdown, or malfunction of the emission capture system and control
device.
Actions taken during startup, shutdown, and
malfunction that are different from the procedures specified in the
affected source's SSMP.
Each period during which a CPMS is
malfunctioning or inoperative (including out-of-control periods). The
final rule requires you to collect and keep records according to
certain minimum data requirements for the CPMS. Failure to collect and
keep the specified minimum data would be a deviation that is separate
from any emission limits, operating limits, or work practice standards.
Deviations, as determined from these records, must be recorded and
also reported. A deviation is any instance when any requirement or
obligation established by the final rule including, but not limited to,
the emission limits, operating limits, and work practice standards, is
not met.
If you use a capture system and control device to reduce organic
HAP emissions, you must make your SSMP
[[Page 20978]]
available for inspection if the Administrator requests to see it. The
plan stays in your records for the life of the affected source or until
the source is no longer subject to the final standards. If you revise
the plan, you must keep the previous superseded versions on record for
5 years following the revision.
If you are using the predominant activity or facility-specific
emission limit alternative, you must keep the records of the data and
calculations needed to determine the predominant activity or to
calculate the facility-specific emission limit for your facility.
Periodic Reports. Each reporting year is divided into two
semiannual reporting periods. If no deviations occur during a
semiannual reporting period, you submit a semiannual report stating
that the affected source has been in continuous compliance. If
deviations occur, you include them in the report as follows:
Report each deviation from the emission limit.
Report each deviation from the work practice
standards if you use an emission capture system and control device.
If you use an emission capture system and
control device, other than a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances, report each deviation from an
operating limit and each time a bypass line diverts emissions from the
control device to the atmosphere.
Report other specific information on the periods
of time the deviations occurred.
You also have to include in each semiannual report an
identification of the compliance option(s) you used for each affected
source and any time periods when you changed to another compliance
option.
Other Reports. You are required to submit reports for periods of
startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the capture system and control
device. If the procedures you follow during any startup, shutdown, or
malfunction are inconsistent with your SSMP, you report those
procedures with your semiannual reports in addition to immediate
reports required by 40 CFR 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
III. What Are the Significant Changes Since Proposal?
A. Applicability
We have revised the applicability section to clarify who is subject
to the final rule. Specifically, the section includes activities
associated with coating operations such as surface preparation,
cleaning, mixing, and storage as long as these activities are
associated with coating application at the facility.
We revised the scope of the assembled on-road vehicle subcategory
to include the surface coating of fully assembled motor vehicles and
trailers, including the coating of any metal substrate on the vehicle.
In addition, we amended the assembled on-road vehicle subcategory to
include the concurrent coating of parts such as radiator grills that
are removed from the fully assembled on-road vehicle to prevent
overspray of sensitive systems or equipment and to facilitate full
coverage.
We have clarified that when determining whether your facility is
below the applicability threshold, you may exclude coatings that meet
the definition of non-HAP coating when determining whether you use 378
liters (100 gal) per year, or more, of coatings in the surface coating
of plastic parts and products (Sec. 63.4481(b) of the final rule).
Thus, a facility using mostly non-HAP coatings and less than 100 gal
per year of HAP-containing coatings will not be subject to the final
rule. In addition, we have included a definition of ``non-HAP coating''
in the final rule.
B. Scope of Category
We have clarified the scope of the final rule to exclude surface
coating operations using only coatings, thinners and other additives,
and cleaning materials that contain no organic HAP. We also excluded
surface coating of plastic that is subject to several other NESHAP. In
addition, we included a provision that allows sources that meet the
applicability criteria of both the final rule and the Automobiles and
Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP to comply with the Automobiles and Light-Duty
Trucks NESHAP for all their surface coating operations associated with
the manufacturing of automobiles or light-duty trucks in lieu of
complying with each subpart separately.
C. Emission Limits
The emission limits remain as proposed, except for the TPO
subcategory. The new source TPO limit increased from 0.17 to 0.22 kg
(lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each
12-month compliance period (see Sec. 63.4490(a)(3)). The existing
source TPO limit increased from 0.23 to 0.26 kg (lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance
period (see Sec. 63.4490(b)(3)). The changes were the result of
additional data and information from commenters resulting in revised
emission rate estimates for some sources in the TPO subcategory.
D. Method for Determining HAP Content
In the final rule, we have included a method for determining the
HAP content for reactive adhesives based on the HAP actually emitted,
rather than determining the mass fraction of organic HAP in the
coatings using Method 311 or Method 24. Facilities may use the
alternative method for reactive adhesives contained in appendix A to
the final rule. In addition, we included a provision for reactive
adhesives to allow facilities to rely on manufacturer's data that
expressly states the organic HAP mass fraction emitted.
E. Deviations From Operating Parameters
The proposed rule stated that if your add-on control system
deviates from the operating limit specified in Table 1 to subpart PPPP
of 40 CFR part 63, then you must assume that the emission capture
system and add-on control device were achieving zero efficiency during
the time period of the deviation. We have written the final rule to
allow the use of other data to indicate the actual efficiency of the
emission capture system and add-on control device, as long as the use
of these data is approved by the respective permitting authority.
F. New Alternatives To Facilitate Compliance With Multiple Coating
NESHAP and Multiple Emission Limits
The final rule allows facilities subject to more than one surface
coating emission limit to comply with each applicable emission limit
separately or to adopt one of two alternatives. The first alternative
allows all coating operations to comply with the emission limit
representing the predominant surface coating activity at the facility
(the predominant activity means the surface coating activity
representing 90 percent or more of the total surface coating activity).
The predominant activity approach is also available for sources
that are subject to more than one subcategory emission limit. That is,
a source may determine which subcategory represents 90 percent or more
of the coating activities that take place at the facility, and then
have all coating operations at the facility comply with the emission
limit that represents the predominant activity.
The second alternative allows a facility to comply with a facility-
specific emission limit calculated from the relative amount of coating
activity that is subject to individual emission limits. The facility-
specific emission limit may
[[Page 20979]]
include separate emission limits from one or more applicable NESHAP.
You must include all surface coating activities that meet the
applicability criteria of a subcategory in a surface coating NESHAP and
constitute more than 1 percent of total coating activities. Coating
activities that meet the applicability criteria of a subcategory in a
surface coating NESHAP but comprise less than 1 percent of total
coating activities need not be included in the facility-specific
emission limit calculation but they must be included in the compliance
calculations.
Another approach that you may use is the equivalency by permit
option in 40 CFR part 63, subpart E (Sec. 63.94). Under this approach,
you may design an emissions control program that is suited for your
process or plant as long as you can demonstrate that your program will
achieve the same emissions reductions as the NESHAP. You must then work
with your State, local, or tribal air pollution control agency to
submit an equivalency demonstration. This equivalency demonstration
will be reviewed by the appropriate EPA Regional Office. The
equivalency demonstration is approved as part of the operating permit
approval process. For more information, please see the section 112(l)
Web site at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/112(l)/112-lpg.html.
IV. What Are the Responses to Significant Comments?
For the full set of comment summaries and responses, refer to the
BID (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface
Coating of Plastic Parts and Products, August 2003, EPA-453/R-03-007),
which contains EPA's responses to each public comment and is available
in Docket ID No. OAR-2002-0074 (formerly Docket No. A-99-12).
A. Applicability and Scope of Source Category
Comment: Several commenters requested that the applicability
threshold be increased from 100 gal per year to 250 gal per year to be
consistent with the applicability threshold in the miscellaneous metal
parts and products rule. One commenter believes uniformity is necessary
for facilities subject to both rules. One commenter further requested
that use of HAP-free materials should not count toward the
applicability threshold level.
Several commenters also requested that coatings used in volumes of
less than 50 gal per year (not to exceed a total of 100 gal per year)
be exempt from the final rule and noted that a similar exemption is
part of the proposed NESHAP for miscellaneous metal parts and products.
Another commenter requested the same exemption, but asked that a total
of up to 250 gal per year be eligible because that is the level in the
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP. Another commenter
requested that the allowed facility total be 500 gal per year.
Response: The applicability threshold of 100 gal or more per year
has not been revised, and the final rule does not contain the suggested
provision that coatings used in small volumes (less than 50 gal per
year, not to exceed 100 gal per year) should be exempt from the
emission limits.
The applicability threshold of 100 gal or more per year of coating
was selected based on an analysis of the data provided to the EPA
through the plastic parts and products industry survey. These data
indicate that sources using 100 gal or more per year of plastic part
surface coating materials were engaged in surface coating as part of
their primary activity and those using less than this amount were not.
Moreover, facilities using 100 gal or more per year apply coatings
using similar processes and control techniques, making the emission
limits and emission reduction requirements relevant to all sources of
this size or larger. Since the threshold is based on an analysis of
data from the actual facilities that will be subject to the rule, the
final rule does not revise the threshold.
In response to comment, we have changed the rule to clearly state
that the use of non-HAP materials (as defined in the rule) does not
count towards the 100 gal applicability threshold in the final rule.
This would avoid a situation where a source would be subject to the
final rule even though it was using mostly non-HAP coatings and less
than 100 gal per year of HAP-containing coatings. Because the purpose
of the final rule is to control HAP, we agree that it is appropriate to
consider only HAP-containing coating in determining whether a source
meets the applicability threshold.
The final rule does not include the exemption for small volumes of
individual coatings (less than 50 gal per year). In determining MACT,
EPA included all reported coatings, even those used in small volumes,
in the emission rate for each source. Since small volume coatings were
included in the emission rate for each source, the emission limits
should be achievable for sources that include all coatings in their
compliance demonstrations.
Comment: One commenter suggested including all lamps that are
subject to National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration
regulations for vehicle lamps (49 CFR 571.108) in the headlamp
subcategory. The commenter noted that all vehicle exterior lamps must
meet the same Federal safety standards and technical requirements for
coatings that warranted the separate subcategory for headlamps. The
reflective finishes on tail lamps and other lamps, therefore, require
the use of the same argent reflective coatings and HAP-containing
solvents that are used on headlamps.
Response: We agree with the commenter and have revised the scope of
the headlamp coating subcategory to include coating operations on all
exterior automotive lamps (headlamps, tail lamps, turn signals, brake
lights, and side marker lights). To reflect the broader content of this
subcategory, we have also changed the name of the subcategory to
``automotive lamp coating.'' This change in the scope of this
subcategory, however, has not affected the results of the MACT analysis
that are the basis for the emission limits for this subcategory.
B. Overlap With Rules for Other Source Categories
Department of Defense Coatings
Comment: One commenter stated that EPA should establish a separate
source category for DoD surface coating operations not covered by the
Aerospace or the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair NESHAP (40 CFR part 63,
subparts GG and II, respectively) and exempt these coating operations
from the final rule for plastic parts. The commenter described the
unique material requirements and operating conditions for military
coating operations that are different from commercial operations. The
commenter claimed that the proposed compliance options would be
impractical and extremely costly for DoD facilities because of the
complexity of military coating operations, the number of coatings and
solvents used, and the number of different items and substrates coated.
Many DoD installations (especially those that service or remanufacture
artillery, armored vehicles, weapons systems, and support equipment)
use thousands of different coatings, and each material is subject to
its own military specification.
Because DoD facilities use HAP-containing solvents, the commenter
claimed they could not use the proposed compliant materials option.
Reformulating solvents or coatings requires extensive field testing
before they may be approved for use in tactical field equipment and
weapons systems. In addition, updating the coatings for
[[Page 20980]]
which there is a military specification requires updating the
documentation applicable to military specifications and the
documentation for the relevant equipment and weapons systems that adopt
those military specifications.
The proposed emission rate option and the add-on controls option
are not feasible because they would require DoD to be able to
accurately track the amount of coating or cleaning solvent used on each
item or substrate. As noted above, DoD installations may use thousands
of different coatings on a variety of substrates, including metal,
plastic, ceramics, rubber, fabric, wood, and composites.
The commenter requested a separate source category so that emission
limits and a regulatory format could be developed that would be most
appropriate for military coating needs. The commenter claimed that a
separate rule also would ensure that all DoD coatings could comply with
emission limits using the same units of measure. The commenter noted
that DoD facilities use many of the same high performance coatings on
plastic and metal items and substrates, and they could be potentially
regulated by both the NESHAP for plastic parts and products and the
NESHAP for miscellaneous metal parts and products.
Response: After several visits to DoD surface coating operations
and meetings with DoD stakeholders, EPA agrees that a separate source
category for DoD surface coating operations is warranted. One factor
that we considered in this decision is the unique military
specifications for coatings used on tactical and other military
equipment. Further data collection and analysis are required to
determine what emission limits are achievable for these coating
operations. Another factor that we considered is the issue that
military facilities may use thousands of different coatings, and that
the types of equipment that are coated and the types of coatings used
in a given time period are unpredictable and often influenced by world
events. Further analysis is needed to determine what emission limit
formats, compliance demonstration, and recordkeeping requirements are
practical for this type of situation. Another consideration was the
high probability that these sources would be subject to multiple
NESHAP.
The EPA will be developing separate NESHAP for ``Defense Land
Systems and Miscellaneous Equipment'' surface coating operations. Those
NESHAP will include operations that do not meet the applicability
criteria of the Aerospace NESHAP or the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair
NESHAP. The comments pertaining to the format of the standards and
appropriate compliance options will be taken into consideration in the
development of those NESHAP.
Exclusion of Activities Subject to Other Surface Coating NESHAP
Comment: One commenter requested that surface coating of plastic
subject to the Paper and Other Web Coating NESHAP (40 CFR part 63,
subpart JJJJ) be included in the list of coating operations that are
exempt from the final rule.
Response: The final rule specifically exempts the surface coating
of plastic web substrates. The EPA agrees that the coating of plastic
web substrates that is already subject to the Paper and Other Web
Coating NESHAP should not be subject to additional regulation under the
final rule. This change will clarify the applicability of both NESHAP.
Comment: One commenter strongly recommended that one rule, either
the final rule or 40 CFR part 63, subpart MMMM, apply to all assembled
on-road vehicles. According to the commenter, motor home manufacturers
offer customers numerous options that determine the surfaces of each
vehicle. The commenter claimed that a substrate tracking program would
need to be broken down to individual work orders to meet the
requirements for calculating and demonstrating compliance with both
subparts.
Response: The EPA agrees with the commenter. Both the final rule
and 40 CFR part 63, subpart MMMM state that the surface coating of all
assembled on-road vehicles, including the coating of any metal
substrate on the assembled vehicle, will be subject to only the
emission limits of the assembled on-road vehicle subcategory in the
final rule. This is consistent with the data and methodology used to
set the MACT emission limit for the assembled on-road vehicle
subcategory. A separate assembled on-road vehicle subcategory was
established because of the large size of assembled on-road vehicles and
the fact that assembled vehicles frequently contain heat-sensitive
parts that prevent the use of curing ovens and various low-HAP coating
technologies. However, the coating of metal parts prior to the assembly
of the vehicle, such as a motor home chassis, will still be subject to
40 CFR part 63, subpart MMMM. Likewise, the surface coating of plastic
parts prior to the final assembly of the motor home will be subject to
either the general use, automotive lamp, or TPO emission limit in the
final rule, as appropriate for the type of coating operation.
Comment: One commenter requested that EPA clarify that the
Aerospace NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart GG), rather than the Plastic
Parts NESHAP, cover parts necessary for the proper functioning of
aircraft. Another commenter requested the final rule clarify that all
aerospace coating, cleaning, and depainting activities are subject to
the Aerospace NESHAP and exempt from subpart PPPP. The commenter stated
that the proposal preamble indicated that coating activity exempted
from the Aerospace NESHAP would be subject to the NESHAP. The commenter
argued that the Aerospace NESHAP found that MACT controls were not
warranted for certain aerospace surface coating operations and that
regulating these operations under the final rule would be an
unexplained change in policy. Another commenter maintained that EPA has
not demonstrated that the aerospace rework industry can cost-
effectively achieve the general use emission limit. The commenter noted
that many coatings for plastic surfaces and parts associated with the
interior of aircraft must meet Federal Aviation Administration or
Original Equipment Manufacturer specifications.
Another commenter suggested that the final rule include an
alternative compliance option for facilities subject to the final
NESHAP under development for the surface coating of automobiles and
light-duty trucks that also coat plastic parts that would not be
subject to the Automobiles and Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP. The commenter
noted that some automobile and light-duty truck facilities will be
subject to the final rule for plastic parts coating, the NESHAP for the
surface coating of automobiles and light-duty trucks, and the
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP. The commenter suggested
that a source be allowed to comply with the final NESHAP for
automobiles and light-duty trucks for all coating operations if the
principle activity is the surface coating of automobiles and light-duty
truck bodies. The commenter noted that the plastic and metal parts
coating operations are often integrated with the body coating
operations, since all three coating operations may share common coating
supplies, application equipment, cleaning solvents, and emission
controls. The shared equipment and materials could make tracking
separate compliance for each NESHAP overly burdensome and would reduce
the certainty of compliance.
One commenter requested that EPA clarify that shipbuilding or ship
repair surface coating operations are subject to only the Shipbuilding
and Ship Repair NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart II).
[[Page 20981]]
The commenter noted that the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair NESHAP covers
only paints and thinners, and does not cover caulks, sealants, and
adhesives. Since the plastic parts rule covers all coating materials,
the commenter was concerned that it would cover those materials that
were not specifically addressed by the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair
NESHAP and will make shipbuilding and ship repair sources subject to
multiple NESHAP.
Response: We agree with the commenter that coating operations that
are addressed in the Aerospace NESHAP, and for which EPA determined
that MACT controls were not needed, are not intended to be regulated
under the Plastic Parts and Products NESHAP. To clarify this intent,
the final plastic parts rule includes a provision that specifies that
the final rule does not apply to coatings that meet the applicability
criteria for the Aerospace NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart GG). In
addition, the final rule excludes the application of specialty
coatings, as defined in appendix A to subpart GG, to metal parts of
aerospace vehicles or components.
The coating of plastic parts that would not meet the applicability
of the Aerospace NESHAP or that would not require any of the specialty
coatings defined in appendix A to 40 CFR part 63, subpart GG would be
subject to the plastic parts final rule. Information provided during
the comment period indicates that any plastic coating activities would
comprise less than 5 percent of total coating activities at an
aerospace facility. Consequently, the facility could elect to comply
with the predominant activity compliance alternative to reduce its
recordkeeping and reporting burden.
We agree that the final rule for the surface coating of plastic
parts is not intended to apply to coating operations that meet the
applicability criteria of the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair NESHAP.
Although the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair NESHAP did not establish
emission limits for sealants, caulks, and adhesives used in
shipbuilding or ship repair, such types of coatings used for
shipbuilding or ship repair operations are more appropriately addressed
under the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair NESHAP. The review of the
Shipbuilding and Ship Repair NESHAP, required by section 112(d)(6)of
the CAA, is an appropriate mechanism for evaluating whether emission
limits are needed for sealants, caulks, and adhesives used in
shipbuilding or ship repair.
For sources that will be subject to the final Automobiles and
Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP, the final plastic parts and products rule
includes a provision to mitigate the overlap at these facilities. For
these plastic part surface coating operations, a facility has the
option to comply with the requirements of the final Automobiles and
Light-Duty Trucks NESHAP as long as the plastic parts are for use in
automobiles or light-duty trucks.
Complying With the Rule Representing the Majority of the Substrate
(Plastic or Metal) on Pre-Assembled Parts
Comment: Several commenters supported this option in the proposed
rule. However, one commenter requested that this option be revised to
include facilities that coat both metal and plastic components
separately, as well as those that coat multi-substrate parts. The
commenter noted that this would prevent a source from having to track
the amount of coating applied to individual parts in a coating
operation when a source coats separate plastic and metal parts and
preassembled parts that contain plastic and metal on the same line.
Several other commenters did not support the proposed option. One
commenter claimed that the proposed rule is unclear and overly
burdensome for facilities that coat both metal and plastic parts (which
may not be pre-assembled) and that this compliance option would help
few, if any, facilities. One commenter noted that because the same
cleaning solvents are used for multiple substrates and coating
operations, it would be extremely difficult to determine the quantity
used for plastic parts and products versus other substrates. Another
commenter noted that the relative amount of plastic and metal coated at
a facility could change over time and a facility could potentially
fluctuate between applicable NESHAP.
Response: We recognize and appreciate some of the problems that
were identified with this approach by the commenters. Although some
commenters supported this approach, it is not included in the final
rule. The final rule instead offers more practical compliance
approaches, including a predominant activity and a facility-specific
emission limit alternative, as described in this preamble.
Comply With the Most Stringent NESHAP
Comment: Several commenters supported this provision. One commenter
agreed that complying with only one NESHAP would prevent excessive
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting. One commenter suggested that
this option would require less recordkeeping than tracking and
determining which substrate represents the greatest coating activity.
However, several commenters stated that different units of measure
(e.g., lb organic HAP per lb solids versus lb organic HAP per gal
solids) make it difficult to determine which surface coating NESHAP
among several is more stringent. Additionally, one commenter noted that
case-by-case demonstrations of relative stringency based on total
estimated annual emissions are difficult because of the different
standards and units of measure in the various NESHAP. One commenter
noted that when different NESHAP have different methods of compliance
demonstration, sources must track and allocate material usage
differently for different parts. Cleaning solvents in particular are a
problem, since some NESHAP emission limits include cleaning solvents
while others impose work practices instead.
One commenter noted that the rule as proposed places the burden on
the source to determine the most stringent limit, and that the
different units used for different surface coating rules may cause a
source to mistakenly fall out of compliance through miscalculation or
misunderstanding.
Several commenters suggested options so that sources would not have
to determine which rule is most stringent on a case-by-case basis. Some
commenters suggested that the relative stringency of different NESHAP
should be stated in each rulemaking so that facilities subject to more
than one NESHAP do not need to perform a case-by-case determination of
which applicable rule is most stringent. Another commenter suggested
that the different surface coating rules contain factors or equations
so a source could convert emission limits from one unit to another
(e.g., lb organic HAP/lb solids to lb organic HAP/gal solids).
One commenter recommended that EPA allow facilities subject to both
the Plastic Parts and Products NESHAP and the Miscellaneous Metal Parts
and Products NESHAP the option of complying with the standards of their
choice since both NESHAP will significantly reduce organic HAP
emissions.
Response: Through clarification of the applicability provisions of
the final rule, as described in this preamble, we have significantly
reduced the potential for sources to be subject to multiple surface
coating NESHAP. However, we recognize that some sources may be subject
to both the final rule and the
[[Page 20982]]
miscellaneous metal parts rule, and possibly other NESHAP. We agree
with the commenters who argued that demonstrating compliance with the
most stringent NESHAP is complicated by the fact that it is hard to
determine which NESHAP is most stringent because of differences in
units, the affected source targeted (e.g., whether cleaning is included
in the emission limits), and compliance periods. Therefore, the option
of complying with the most stringent NESHAP is not included in the
final rule. Instead, the final rule provides the predominant activity
and facility-specific emission limit compliance alternatives, as
described in this preamble.
Predominant Activity Compliance Option
Comment: Several commenters supported the predominant activity
compliance option. One of the commenters preferred the ``predominant
activity'' compliance option only if it is based on estimates of
surface area coated. The commenter provided as an example a truck
manufacturing facility that could estimate the total surface area
coated by using truck part design information for each truck and
tracking the number of trucks manufactured each year.
Several commenters recommended that the predominant activity
demonstration be made only at the time a source applies for or renews
its operating permit under title V or when the source becomes subject
to regulations applicable to new source review or prevention of
significant deterioration. The commenters noted that a ``one-time'' or
periodic demonstration would reduce the recordkeeping burden and avoid
the potential for some facilities to fluctuate back and forth between
two applicable NESHAP if predominant activity was tracked over a short
time frame.
Response: The final rule provides two alternatives for reducing the
burden associated with complying with more than one coating NESHAP or
with more than one subcategory emission limit. The first alternative
allows a facility to identify its predominant type of coating activity
and comply with the NESHAP or the subcategory emission limit that
applies to that activity for all coating operations. The predominant
activity is defined as the activity that represents 90 percent or more
of the surface coating that occurs at a facility. The second
alternative allows a facility to calculate and comply with a facility-
specific emission limit.
We have analyzed the relative differences in emission limits that
are included in the predominant activity compliance option, as it would
apply to the NESHAP for plastic parts and products and the NESHAP for
miscellaneous metal parts and products. We have determined, for certain
subcategories, that the environmental benefit of complying with the
emission limit for the predominant activity is essentially equivalent
to complying separately with each emission limit. For subcategories
where the environmental benefit would not be substantially equivalent
to complying with each standard separately, the predominant activity
alternative is not provided. The predominant activity alternative does
not apply to coating operations that are subject to the assembled on-
road vehicle or automotive lamp emission limits in the final rule.
These emission limits reflect the need for specialized performance
requirements that can currently be accomplished only with materials
that contain substantially higher HAP than materials used at other
types of coating operations. It would be inappropriate to allow coating
operations that can be performed with lower-HAP materials to comply
with substantially higher-HAP emission limits than would otherwise be
applicable.
Under the predominant activity alternative, if all coating
operations comply with the emission limit applicable to the predominant
activity, the facility will be considered in compliance with the
emission limits otherwise applicable to the minority surface coating
operations (i.e, those that amount to less than 10 percent of the
coating activity).
The predominant activity determination could be based on
representative coating data from the prior 1 to 5 years of operation
for existing sources, or it could be based on reliable projections for
future operations. For new sources, the determination would be based on
projections of coating activity for the next 1 to 5 years or other
period that is believed to represent future coating operations.
We believe the most appropriate basis for the predominant activity
determination is the percentage of coating solids that is applied to
parts subject to different emission limits. A facility would not need
to measure the amount of coating solids used on different parts and
products to determine the relative amount of coating activity subject
to different emission limits. Instead, a facility could use other
reliable and verifiable information including, but not limited to,
product design, volume of coatings used, or the number of different
parts and products coated during a representative period as long as it
is approved by the permitting authority.
Create a Subcategory for Overlap Sources or Job Shops
Comment: One commenter suggested that developing subcategories for
facilities subject to multiple NESHAP would not be feasible because EPA
might need to create several subcategories to address different
combinations of NESHAP. Another commenter stated that a subcategory for
mixed coating operations could not be considered as an option without a
proposed numerical emission limit. The same commenter claimed that
emission limits for this option can not be developed based on the
current MACT database.
Response: We agree with the commenters that this option is not
feasible for several reasons. First, as stated in the proposal preamble
(67 FR 72280, December 4, 2002), this option may not afford as much
operating flexibility as other options being considered. Second, we did
not have sufficient data to develop emission limits since most sources
responding to the plastic parts and miscellaneous metal parts industry
surveys tended to provide only data relevant to those surveys and the
surveys were completed by sources that were more or less dedicated to
one substrate or another. As a result, we did not have representative
or accurate data from those sources most likely to be subject to this
type of emission limit. Finally, as one commenter alluded to, even if
useful data became available, an emission limit for these ``job shop''
sources would need to be proposed for public comment.
Expand the Definition of the Source Category and Subcategories To
Include Incidental Surface Coating Operations
Comment: One commenter stated that an approach for ``incidental''
surface coating operations, would not be useful for sources such as
truck manufacturers because neither plastic nor metal coating is
incidental to their operations. Another commenter claimed that the
incidental surface coating operations option may provide some relief.
Response: The final rule does not expand the definition of the
plastic parts and products or miscellaneous metal parts and products
source categories or subcategories to include incidental surface
coating operations. However, as described previously, under the
predominant activity compliance alternative in the final rule,
[[Page 20983]]
a source may comply with the emission limit that represents 90 percent
or more of the coating activity at a source. For both the predominant
activity and facility-specific emission limit alternatives, you may
exclude coating activities that meet the applicability criteria of
other surface coating NESHAP as long as these coating activities do not
constitute more than 1 percent of total coating activities. Although
these incidental coating activities can be excluded from the emission
limit calculation or predominant activity determination, the coating
activities must be included in the facility-wide compliance
calculation.
Comments on the Proposal To Establish a Multi-Component Emission Limit
Comment: One commenter disagreed with EPA's suggestion of setting a
multi-component emission limit for several reasons. The commenter did
not think it would reduce recordkeeping because in both cases (separate
compliance and a multi-component emission limit) a source would have to
track the amount of each coating applied to each substrate in each
subcategory. The commenter also contended that this approach would
likely increase emissions compared to compliance with the individual
limits, but did not provide any supporting explanation. The commenter
was also concerned that some facilities could operate out of compliance
if the emission limit does not accurately reflect the mix of substrates
that they coat. Finally, the commenter believed that this option would
amount to emissions averaging across subcategory boundaries and would
contradict CAA section 112(d)(3), which mandates that standards for a
subcategory cannot be less stringent than the MACT floor for the
subcategory.
Several other commenters, however, supported this approach. One
commenter argued that restricting emission averaging among coating
operations discourages innovative and environmentally beneficial
approaches to low-HAP coatings. The commenter argued that allowing
averaging would promote more cost-effective regulation of HAP emissions
while achieving an overall environmental benefit. The commenter also
argued that the same flexible approach should be incorporated for
meeting the requirements of multiple NESHAP at the same facility, as
well as meeting multiple emission limits within a single NESHAP.
One commenter supported the idea of a source subject to two or more
subcategory limits (e.g., TPO and general use) to calculate a source-
specific multi-component emission limit based on the relative amount of
coating solids used on each plastic substrate. However, the commenter
recommended that EPA not require a facility to calculate the limit each
month and instead be allowed to calculate it annually or when renewing
its permit.
While not commenting directly on this option, many commenters also
expressed concern that many sources coat both plastic and metal parts,
often using the same coatings and cleaning solvents. According to these
commenters, requiring a facility to demonstrate compliance with
separate emission limits in two or more surface coating NESHAP would be
difficult and burdensome. These comments have been summarized earlier
in this section.
Response: Through clarification of the applicability provisions of
the final rule, as described in this preamble, we have significantly
reduced the potential for sources to be subject to multiple surface
coating NESHAP. In addition, EPA is providing in the final rule, the
opportunity for a source to determine and comply with a facility-
specific weighted emission limit for all coating operations that take
place at the source. The emission limit would be weighted according to
the relative amount of coatings used that would be subject to separate
emission limits. This alternative emission limit may include applicable
emission limits from two or more NESHAP.
In calculating the facility-specific emission limit, the basis for
the weighting of the individual emission limits must be the mass of
coating solids used in each subcategory. The mass coating solids used
in the different coating operations may be calculated by a variety of
methods, as long as it is accepted by the permitting authority. For
example, in some cases a facility that uses the same coating for
plastic and metal parts may be able to use the design specifications of
the parts coated and the numbers of each type of part coated to
calculate the weight of coating solids used for metal and plastic
surfaces subject to the individual emission limits. In other
situations, actual records of coating usage for each operation may be
needed to provide a valid calculation.
In calculating a facility-specific emission limit for operations
subject to NESHAP with emission limits in different formats, you will
need to convert emission limits to the same format. To do so, you must
use a default value for solids density of 12.5 lbs solids per gal
solids (1.50 kg solids/liter solids) to convert emission limits in the
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP that are in ``HAP per
volume solids'' to the ``HAP per mass solids'' units of the Plastic
Parts and Products NESHAP. This default value was calculated from the
weighted-average solids density of coatings in the metal parts survey
database and represents the average solids density of metal parts
coatings.
The following example illustrates how the facility-specific
emission limit may be used. Assume a facility has three coating
operations subject to the following emission limits:
Plastic parts general use (0.16 lb organic HAP/
lb solids);
Plastic parts TPO (0.26 lb HAP/lb solids); and
Miscellaneous metal parts general use (2.6 lb
organic HAP/gal solids).
The three coating operations used the following pounds of coating
solids in the 12 months of the compliance period:
Plastic parts general use: 30,000 lbs;
Plastic parts TPO: 30,000 lbs; and
Miscellaneous metal parts general use: 40,000
lbs.
First, the miscellaneous metal parts general use emission limit
must be converted to lb organic HAP/lb solids units as in the plastic
parts rule. For this example, we will use the default solids density of
12.5 lb solids per gal solids:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.000
Next, the facility-specific emission limit is calculated using
Equation 1 in Sec. 63.4490 of the final rule:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.001
If all coating operations comply with an emission limit of 0.21 lb
organic HAP/lb solids and with the other compliance provisions of the
final rule, the facility will be in compliance with the final rule for
that compliance
[[Page 20984]]
period. The calculation must be repeated for each 12-month compliance
period. In this example, compliance will also constitute compliance
with the Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products NESHAP for the metal
parts coating operations. The facility may use either the compliant
materials option, the emission rate without add-on controls option, or
the emission rate with add-on controls option to demonstrate compliance
with the facility-specific emission limit.
This approach is consistent with the CAA because the emission
limits from which the facility-specific emission limit would be
calculated are based on the MACT emission limits for each applicable
coating operation. We believe that overall emissions would be
essentially the same as if each coating operation were complying
separately with each applicable emission limit. The facility-specific
emission limit needs to be calculated each month of the 12 month
compliance period because of the wide differences in the various
emission limits available for inclusion. A relatively small change in
the mix of coating operations conducted during a compliance period may
have a significant effect on the weighted emission limit. Thus, it
would not be appropriate for a facility to establish and maintain a
fixed facility-specific emission limit based on historical data or long
term projections.
In the final rule, the facility-specific emission limit and
predominant activity alternatives provide sources with comprehensive
and flexible approaches that will reduce the recordkeeping associated
with sources that coat multiple substrates and whose workload could
fluctuate over time. These alternatives reduce the likelihood of
overlap among multiple surface coating NESHAP.
C. The MACT Floor Approach and Database
Comment: Several commenters requested that the rule be revised to
either exempt solvent blends from HAP limits or change the MACT floors
to reflect the default HAP contents. One commenter noted that when
sources provided EPA with coating data they were not aware that solvent
blends contained HAP, and therefore did not report any HAP content in
these materials. Therefore, according to the commenters, using the
default HAP contents in the rule, as proposed, to determine compliance
is not consistent with the MACT floor. Other commenters requested that
EPA verify that the manner in which solvent blends were accounted for
in the database is consistent with the default HAP fractions in Tables
3 and 4 of this preamble.
Response: When we analyzed the data provided to us in establishing
the MACT floor for the general use, automotive lamp, and TPO
subcategories, we accounted for the HAP in solvent blends, consistent
with Tables 3 and 4 of this preamble. Therefore, no adjustments to the
proposed limits are necessary to account for the HAP in solvent blends.
For the assembled on-road vehicle subcategory, the proposed limits
are based on data provided to EPA that, according to the commenters,
did not account for the HAP in solvent blends. We have reviewed more
detailed HAP data from EPA surveys for sources in this subcategory.
Based on these data, the HAP from solvent blends accounts for only
about 0.1 percent of all HAP emitted from the coating operations at
these sources. Therefore, we believe that no adjustment in the emission
limit for the assembled on-road vehicle subcategory is needed to
account for the HAP in solvent blends that will be included in the
compliance calculations.
Comment: Several commenters provided additional data that resulted
in revised emission rates for some of the MACT floor facilities in the
TPO subcategory. Two commenters expressed concern that the MACT floor
database could contain errors that were still undetected. The
commenters were also concerned that some coating materials could not be
accurately linked to specific subcategories at several sources that had
coating operations in more than one subcategory. The commenters
recommended adding a 20-percent correction factor to the proposed
emission limits to account for potential errors that had not yet been
identified and to account for materials that were not linked to
specific subcategory coating operations.
Two commenters also questioned EPA's assumptions about capture
efficiency and the approach for dividing HAP emissions among the spray
booth, flash-off, and curing ovens for those facilities that did not
supply specific information when estimating emission rates for sources
with add-on controls. The commenters questioned whether EPA should have
assumed 100 percent capture efficiency for total enclosures when data
for some sources indicated only about 65 percent capture efficiency.
The commenters also argued that the majority of emissions (about 80
percent) occur in the spray booth and that it is inappropriate to
divide emissions evenly among the spray booth, flash-off area, and the
oven and drying area. Both commenters stated that these estimates
affect the estimated HAP emissions from the floor facilities.
One commenter requested that EPA modify the emission limits for TPO
because the proposed limits are not practically achievable for
solventborne systems, or the final rule should include a predominant
activity option for TPO surface coating sources that are also subject
to the automobile and light-duty truck NESHAP. The commenter argued
that because the floor facilities for existing sources in the TPO
category include both waterborne and solventborne technologies,
solventborne facilities are faced with disadvantages in meeting the
standards. The commenter stated that problems arise because it is not
economically feasible to convert to waterborne coatings and waterborne
coatings do not meet all customer needs. The commenter also noted that
some operations could not meet the emission limit even with add-on
controls. The commenter noted that in the proposal preamble, EPA
concluded that waterborne coatings and add-on controls were not
feasible as options more stringent than the MACT floor for existing TPO
surface coating operations.
Response: We have evaluated the additional data provided on the
sources in the TPO subcategory and have corrected the emission rates
for these sources where appropriate, and recalculated the MACT floor
(the average emission rate of the best-performing five sources for
existing sources). The final emission limits reflect those changes, and
are higher than the proposed emission limits for new and existing
sources. In addition, the data and analysis for each of the MACT floor
facilities for each subcategory were checked against the original
survey response for each facility and no other corrections were
identified that would warrant additional changes to the limits. Since
we have adopted the specific data corrections noted by the commenters
and have confirmed the other data used in establishing the emission
limits for each subcategory, we see no need to increase the limits by
20 percent as suggested by the commenters.
We disagree with the commenter that the TPO emission limits should
be revised to exclude sources using waterborne coatings or add-on
controls. The commenter provided no data or information that would
indicate that these sources should be put into a separate subcategory
or subject to a separate emission limit from those that are using
solventborne coatings. The products being coated by the lower-emitting
``MACT floor'' facilities are
[[Page 20985]]
similar to those being coated by the rest of the sources in the
subcategory. Therefore, these sources need to be included in the MACT
analysis for TPO coating and the emission limit for existing TPO
sources can be no less stringent than the average emission limit of the
five best controlled sources. Existing facilities have the flexibility
to meet these limits in a variety of ways, including use of waterborne
coatings, use of other low-HAP coating or cleaning materials, add-on
controls, or a combination of these. In addition, the final rule
includes a compliance alternative for sources subject to the Automobile
and Light-Duty Truck NESHAP where compliance with that NESHAP for all
plastic part coating operations constitutes compliance with this rule.
Also, the final rule includes a predominant activity compliance
alternative suggested by commenters as an alternative for TPO sources
that are located at sources that are also subject to other surface
coating NESHAP, and also includes the facility-specific emission limit
alternative. These three alternatives that were not included in the
proposed rule will increase the compliance flexibility for sources that
are potentially subject to the TPO emission limit.
Comment: One commenter requested the final rule move marine engine
plastic part coatings from the general use category to either a
separate category or a category that more accurately reflects
performance and durability requirements for marine engine parts.
Another commenter believes that the general use emission limits are
more stringent than the miscellaneous metal parts emission limits and
believes the plastic parts rule will be difficult and expensive to
meet. The commenter noted that coating of the large plastic cover on a
stern drive or inboard marine engine enhances the appearance of the
engine and protects it in a harsh marine environment.
Another commenter stated that it is not technically feasible for
coatings used on personal water craft (PWC) to meet the emission limits
from the general use category. The commenter believes PWC coatings need
a separate category that more accurately reflects PWC's performance and
durability requirements. The PWC are consumer products and the product
is judged by its ability to maintain appearance in a harsh marine
environment. In this respect, the coating serves as a protective
coating for the fiberglass laminate of the PWC hull and deck. The
commenter argued that compliant coatings and alternative coating
technology, such as electro-deposition coating and powder coating, are
not acceptable because they do not have a high-quality finish for high-
visibility products. To resolve this issue, one commenter requested the
general use emission limits be harmonized and suggested that PWC could
meet a limit based on combined compliance with the plastic parts and
miscellaneous metal parts general use emission limits. The commenter
indicated that compliance would be facilitated if they could offset
higher emissions from the plastic part coating operations.
Response: The commenters did not provide data to support the claim
that the coatings used on PWC or marine engine covers could not meet
the proposed emission limits, or to support the development of
alternative emission limits. Therefore, the final rule does not contain
a separate category or emission limit for PWC or marine engine cover
coating operations. However, a source coating both metal and plastic
parts will be allowed to calculate a facility-specific emission limit
based on the relative amount of coating performed on each substrate.
This approach will allow facilities that coat PWC or engine covers more
flexibility in complying with the limits for their plastic part surface
coating operations.
D. Compliance Options for Meeting the Emission Limits
Comment: One commenter stated that the emission rate without add-on
controls option allows sources to take credit for HAP included in
materials recycled off-site and argued that sources that recycle on-
site should receive the same credit. Language in Sec. Sec. 63.4541,
63.4551, and 63.4561(a) led the commenter to expect that sources with
add-on control also receive credit for recycled coatings, thinners, or
cleaning materials in the compliance calculations and that EPA should
clarify this in the final rule. Another commenter also questioned
whether sources that recycle materials off-site need to determine the
HAP content of the materials received back from the recycler. The
commenter noted that sources that recycle on-site do not need to
determine the HAP content of the recycled material.
Response: In the compliance calculations in both the emission rate
without add-on controls option and the emission rate with add-on
controls option, you only need to include the HAP and solids from those
materials that are actually consumed in a coating operation for which
you are calculating the emission rate. If the unused portion of a
material is recovered on-site and used in a second (different) coating
operation for which you are separately calculating the emission rate,
you do not need to include the amount of HAP and solids contained in
the recovered material in the emission rate calculation for the first
coating operation. However, you do need to include the HAP and solids
from the recovered material in the second coating operation for which
you are calculating the emission rate.
If you are calculating a single facility-wide emission rate for all
coating operations, you do not need to account for materials that are
recovered in one operation and used in another on-site operation.
Instead, you would only need to account for materials that are actually
consumed by the whole facility. For example, you would use the
assumption that all HAP in the purchased coating materials are emitted
on-site (either during their first use or during re-use on site). If
you send HAP-containing materials off-site for recycling or disposal,
such that a portion of the HAP is not emitted on-site, you can subtract
this from the facility-wide emission calculation.
If you recycle materials on-site, you do not need to determine the
HAP content of the materials after recycling for use in compliance
calculations. Similarly, we have clarified the final rule to specify
that if you send materials off-site for recycling, you do not need to
determine the HAP content after recycling if you have documentation
from the recycler that the material you received back is the exact same
material you sent to the recycler. The purpose of the requirements is
to show that the recycled materials are not inadvertently amounting to
a net increase in HAP emissions from the source.
E. Methods for Determining HAP Content of Coatings
Comment: Two commenters stated that if a facility uses Material
Safety Data Sheets to demonstrate compliance, a facility should be
allowed to use the average of a reported range for an ingredient in
determining compliance. This would avoid a facility having to determine
the actual composition and would be consistent with toxics release
inventory reporting, according to the commenter. A requirement to use
the upper limit of a range would lead to a gross overstatement of the
HAP content of materials, according to the commenter. Another commenter
argued that to reduce the recordkeeping burden of calculating HAP
emissions from hundreds of paints, the HAP emissions for groups of
coating materials that are covered in a single Material Safety Data
Sheet (such as, paints that differ only in color) should be calculated
based on the average composition of the group
[[Page 20986]]
normalized to a total of 100 percent. The level for each HAP component
should be based on the midpoint between the high and low end of the
range shown on the Material Safety Data Sheets.
Response: If a range of HAP is presented, it is up to the user to
determine the appropriate value that best represents the actual HAP
content. The final rule does not specify whether you must use the upper
limit of a range or whether you may use the average or mid-point of a
range. It is important to remember, however, that in the event of any
inconsistency between formulation data, such as that found on Material
Safety Data Sheets, and Method 311 analyses, the Method 311 data will
be used in any compliance determinations.
Comment: Several commenters stated that the final rule should allow
sources or materials suppliers to use alternatives to EPA Method 24 to
determine the amount of HAP that is actually emitted from reactive
coatings as they are used. The proposed rule and associated test
methods (specifically EPA Method 24) assumed that all HAP contained in
coatings or additives are emitted. However, in reactive coatings, some
of the HAP species react with other ingredients in the coating to form
solids and are not emitted to the atmosphere. Therefore, the amount of
HAP emitted can be significantly less than the amount of HAP present in
the liquid coating.
Response: An alternative method for determining the fraction of HAP
emitted from reactive coatings has been included as an appendix to the
final rule. Sources using reactive coatings may use this method for
demonstrating compliance based on the HAP actually emitted, rather than
using Method 311, Method 24, or composition data.
F. Notification Requirements
Comment: Two commenters stated that Sec. 63.4510 should be revised
to exempt sources from the requirement to submit an initial
notification if they have already submitted a CAA section 112(j) Part 1
Application to States regarding the Plastic Parts and Products Surface
Coating NESHAP.
Response: Sources that have submitted a CAA section 112(j) Part 1
Application to their State permitting agency are still required to
submit an initial notification as required by Sec. 63.4510. The
General Provisions specified in 40 CFR part 63, subpart A, apply to all
NESHAP source categories in part 63. Under Sec. 63.9(b) of subpart A,
the owner or operator of a facility subject to a NESHAP for a given
source category must submit an initial, written notification to the EPA
within the applicable time period identifying the facility and the
specific NESHAP subpart to which the facility is subject. In this case,
the owner or operator of a facility with plastic parts and products
surface coating operations subject to the NESHAP is required to prepare
and submit an initial notification. Section 112(j) of the CAA requires
owners and operators of major sources within a source category to apply
for a title V permit should the EPA fail to promulgate emission
standards for that source category by the date specified in the
regulatory schedule established through section 112(e) of the CAA. The
application requirements are specified under 40 CFR part 63, subpart B.
Although the subpart B application requirements include some of the
same information required for the subpart A initial notification (e.g.,
facility name, address, brief description of source), the two documents
serve different administrative purposes under the NESHAP program.
Therefore, it is not appropriate to provide an exemption as requested
by the commenter and the final rule requires all sources subject to the
rule to submit an initial notification.
G. Compliance Requirements for Sources With Add-on Controls
Comment: Several commenters stated that the compliance calculations
in Sec. 63.4561(h) should not use an assumption of zero-efficiency
when deviations occur. According to the commenter, this approach is
burdensome and penalizes facilities for minor parameter reporting
problems, such as temperature read-out malfunctions. The commenter
suggested that a facility should be allowed to rebut the presumed zero-
efficiency with other available data, such as fuel consumption or
manual temperature recordings.
Response: If a source has manually collected parameter data
indicating that an emission capture system or control device was
operating normally during a parameter monitoring system malfunction,
these data could be used to demonstrate compliance with the operating
limits and the source would not have to assume zero-percent efficiency.
If a source has data indicating the actual performance of an add-on
emission capture system and control device (e.g., data from previous
tests measuring percent capture at reduced flow rates or percent
destruction efficiency at reduced thermal oxidizer temperatures) during
a deviation from operating limits, then the source may use the actual
performance in determining compliance, provided that these data were
collected during performance tests meeting the applicable requirements
for performance tests specified in Sec. 63.7 of the General
Provisions. The final rule has been revised to clarify that the actual
performance of the add-on control system during a deviation may be used
provided the performance testing criteria have been met. The final rule
does not allow a source to otherwise estimate the efficiency of a
capture system or control device during a deviation because this would
provide no assurance of the quality of the data used in the compliance
calculation.
V. Summary of Environmental, Energy, and Economic Impacts
For the purpose of assessing potential cost and emission reduction
impacts, we assumed that all existing sources would convert to liquid
coatings, thinners and/or other additives with lower-HAP content than
presently used and would convert to lower-HAP or no-HAP cleaning
materials rather than using add-on control devices, except for those
already using add-on control devices. We assumed that new sources would
use low-HAP coatings and non-HAP cleaning materials.
A. What Are the Air Impacts?
The 1997 nationwide baseline organic HAP emissions for the 202
major source plastic parts and products surface coating facilities of
which EPA is aware are estimated to be 9,820 tpy. Implementation of the
final emission limitations would reduce these emissions by
approximately 80 percent to 2260 tpy. In addition, the emission
limitations will not result in any significant secondary air impacts.
We expect that the majority of facilities will switch to lower- or non-
organic-HAP-containing materials to comply with the standards, rather
than installing add-on control devices. Thus, increases in electricity
consumption (which could lead to increases in emissions of nitrogen
oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide from
electric utilities) will be minimal.
B. What Are the Cost Impacts?
The total capital cost (including monitoring costs) for existing
sources is estimated to be approximately $804,000. The nationwide
annual cost (including monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting costs)
for existing sources is approximately $10.7 million per year. Costs for
new sources are based on an estimate of six new sources being
constructed within 5 years after promulgation of the final standards.
The total capital cost (including monitoring costs) for new sources is
$28,000. The
[[Page 20987]]
total annual cost (including monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
costs) for new sources is estimated to be approximately $194,000 per
year.
Cost estimates are based on information available to the
Administrator and presented in the economic analysis of the final rule.
The costs are calculated assuming that the majority of sources would
comply by using lower-HAP-containing or non-HAP coatings and cleaning
materials because such materials are generally available and becoming
more widely available each year. We assumed that facilities presently
equipped with add-on controls would continue to operate those control
devices and capture systems and would perform the required performance
tests and parameter monitoring.
During development of the proposed emission limitations, limited
information was available on the costs associated with the switch to
low-HAP or non-HAP coatings and cleaning materials. At proposal, we
specifically requested comment on the assumptions and methodology used
to determine these costs (67 FR 72295, December 4, 2002), including
detailed information on the coatings and cleaning materials (and
associated costs) currently being used and the coatings and cleaning
materials (and associated costs) that would be used to comply with the
proposed emission limitations, as well as the basis for the cost
information. We received no detailed information on these cost elements
in the public comments. Therefore, we have not changed the cost
estimates since proposal.
C. What Are the Economic Impacts?
We prepared an economic impact analysis (EIA) to provide an
estimate of the impacts the proposed rule would have on the plastic
parts and products surface coating industry, consumers, and society.
Economic impacts were calculated on a facility-specific basis, as well
as on a market segment basis (e.g., automobile manufacturing, sporting
goods, electronics equipment, etc.). Economic impact indicators
examined included price, output, and employment impacts. None of the
changes made since proposal have resulted in changes in costs, so the
EIA prepared for the proposed rule has not been updated for the final
rule.
The EIA showed that the expected price increase for affected
plastic parts and products would be less than 0.1 percent as a result
of the final standards. Therefore, we do not expect any adverse impact
to occur for those industries that produce or consume plastic parts and
products such as home appliances, computer hardware producers, motor
vehicle manufacturers, and recreational vehicle manufacturers.
The distribution of costs across plastic parts and products
production facilities is slanted toward the lower impact levels with
many facilities incurring costs related only to annually recurring
monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping activities. The EIA indicates
that these regulatory costs are expected to represent about 0.25
percent of the value of coating services, which should not cause
producers to cease or significantly alter their current operations.
Hence, no firms or facilities are expected to be at risk of closure
because of the final rule. For more information, consult Docket ID No.
OAR-2002-0074 (formerly Docket No. A-99-12).
D. What Are the Non-Air Health, Environmental, and Energy Impacts?
Based on information from the industry survey responses, we found
no indication that the use of lower-HAP or non-HAP content coatings,
thinners and other additives, and cleaning materials at existing
sources would result in any increase or decrease in non-air health,
environmental, and energy impacts. There would be no change in the
utility requirements associated with the use of these materials, so
there would be no change in the amount of energy consumed as a result
of the material conversion. Because new sources are expected to comply
with the final rule through the use of lower-HAP or non-HAP coating
technologies rather than add-on control devices, there would be no
significant change in energy usage.
We estimate that the emission limitations will have a minimal
impact on water quality because only a few facilities are expected to
comply by making process modifications or by using add-on control
devices that would generate wastewater. However, because many lower-HAP
and non-HAP materials are waterborne, an increase in wastewater
generation from cleaning activities may result. Although additional
wastewater may be generated by facilities switching to waterborne
coatings, the amount of wastewater generated by these facilities is not
expected to increase significantly. We also estimate that the emission
limitations will result in a decrease in the amount of both solid and
hazardous waste from facilities, as the majority of facilities will be
using lower-organic-HAP-containing materials which will result in a
decrease in the amount of waste materials that will have to be disposed
of as hazardous. In addition, we expect that the majority of facilities
will comply by using low-HAP or non-HAP materials rather than add-on
control devices. Thus, there will be little or no increase in energy
usage caused by the operation of add-on controls.
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), EPA
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review
and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order
defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to
result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligation of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, it has been
determined that the final rule is a ``significant regulatory action,''
due to its potential impact on small businesses. The Small Business
Administration (SBA) was specifically interested in how the final rule
would address the potential for sources to be subject to multiple
coating NESHAP. As such, this action was submitted to OMB for review.
Changes made in response to OMB suggestions or recommendations will be
documented in the public record.
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in the final rule have been
submitted for approval to OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44
U.S.C. 3501, et seq. The information collection requirements are not
enforceable until OMB approves them.
The information requirements are based on notification,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the General Provisions (40
CFR part 63, subpart A), which are mandatory for all
[[Page 20988]]
operators subject to national emission standards. These recordkeeping
and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114
of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to EPA pursuant
to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a claim of
confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to EPA policies set
forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
The final rule requires maintaining records of all coatings,
thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials data and
calculations used to determine compliance. This information includes
the amount (kg) used during each 12-month compliance period, mass
fraction of organic HAP, density, and mass fraction of coating solids.
If an add-on control device is used, records must be kept of the
capture efficiency of the capture system, destruction or removal
efficiency of the add-on control device, and the monitored operating
parameters. In addition, records must be kept of each calculation of
the affected sourcewide emissions for each 12-month compliance period
and all data, calculations, test results, and other supporting
information used to determine this value.
The monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting burden in the third
year after the effective date of the promulgated rule is estimated to
be 119,000 labor hours at a cost of $5.4 million for new and existing
sources. This estimate includes the cost of determining and recording
organic HAP content, solids content, and density, as needed, of the
regulated materials, and developing a system for determining and
recording the amount of each material used and performing the
calculations needed for demonstrating compliance. Additionally, for
affected sources with existing or newly-installed add-on control
systems, the costs also include a one-time performance test and report
(with repeat tests where needed) of the add-on control device, one-time
purchase and installation of a CPMS, one-time submission of a SSMP with
semiannual reports for any event when the procedures in the plan were
not followed, semiannual compliance status reports, and recordkeeping.
Total capital/startup costs associated with the monitoring requirements
over the 3-year period of the information collection request (ICR) are
estimated at $133,000, with operation and maintenance costs of $655 per
year.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information;
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information;
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations are listed in 40 CFR part 9. When this ICR is approved by
OMB, the Agency will publish a technical amendment to 40 CFR part 9 in
the Federal Register to display the OMB control number for the approved
information collection requirements contained in the final rule.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The EPA has determined that it is not necessary to prepare a
regulatory flexibility analysis in connection with the final rule.
For purposes of assessing the impact of the final rule on small
entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business according to
SBA size standards by NAICS code ranging from 100 to 1,000 employees or
less than $5 million in annual sales; (2) a small governmental
jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town, school
district, or special district with a population of less than 50,000; or
(3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise that is
independently operated and is not dominant in its field. It should be
noted that companies affected by the final rule and the small business
definition applied to each industry by NAICS code is that listed in the
SBA size standards (13 CFR part 121).
After considering the economic impacts of the final rule on small
entities, EPA has concluded that this action will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
We have determined that 67 of the 130 firms, or 51 percent of the
total, affected by the final rule may be small entities. While the
number of small firms appears to be a large proportion of the total
number of affected firms, the small firms experience 21 percent of the
total national compliance cost of $11 million (1997 $). Of the 67
affected small firms, three firms are estimated to have compliance
costs that exceed 1 percent of their revenues. The maximum impact on
any affected small entity is a compliance cost of 1.8 percent of its
sales. Finally, there is a difference between the median compliance
cost-to-sales estimates for the affected small and large firms (0.08
percent compared to 0.01 percent for the large firms, and 0.03 percent
across all affected firms).
Although the final rule will not have a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities, EPA nonetheless has worked
aggressively to minimize the impact of the final rule on small
entities. We solicited input from small entities during the data-
gathering phase of the rulemaking. We are promulgating compliance
options that give small entities flexibility in choosing the most cost-
effective and least burdensome alternative for their operation. For
example, a facility could purchase and use lower-or non-HAP coatings,
thinners, and cleaning materials (i.e., pollution prevention) that meet
the final rule rather than being required to purchase add-on control
systems. The lower-or non-HAP option can be demonstrated with minimum
burden by using already-maintained purchase and usage records. No
testing of materials would be required as the facility owner could show
that their coatings meet the emission limits by providing formulation
data supplied by the manufacturer.
We are also providing one option that allows compliance
demonstrations to be conducted on a rolling 12-month basis, meaning
that the facility would each month calculate a 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for the previous 12 months to determine compliance. This
will give affected small entities extra flexibility in complying with
the emission limits since small entities are more likely to use lower
monthly volumes and/or a limited number of materials. Furthermore, we
are promulgating the minimum monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements needed for enforcement and compliance assurance.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that
may result
[[Page 20989]]
in expenditures to State, local, and tribal governments, in the
aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 1
year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement is
needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify and
consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the
least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that
achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do
not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if the
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small
governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling
officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely
input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant
Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and
advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory
requirements.
The EPA has determined that the final rule does not contain a
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more
to State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the
private sector in any 1 year. The maximum total annual cost of the
final rule for any 1 year has been estimated to be about $11 million.
Thus, the final rule is not subject to the requirements of sections 202
and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, EPA has determined that the final
rule contains no regulatory requirements that might significantly or
uniquely affect small governments because it contains no requirements
that apply to such governments or impose obligations upon them.
Therefore, the final rule is not subject to the requirements of Section
203 of the UMRA.
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999), requires EPA
to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have federalism implications.'' ``Policies that have
federalism implications'' are defined in the Executive Order to include
regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on the States, on
the relationship between the national government and the States, or on
the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels
of government.''
The final rule does not have federalism implications. It will not
have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. Pursuant to the terms of
Executive Order 13132, it has been determined that the final rule does
not have ``federalism implications'' because it does not meet the
necessary criteria. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply to the
final rule.
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), requires EPA
to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely
input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies
that have tribal implications.'' The final rule does not have tribal
implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175. The EPA is not
aware of tribal governments that own or operate plastic parts and
products surface coating facilities. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does
not apply to the final rule.
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies to any
rule that: (1) is determined to be ``economically significant'' as
defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an environmental
health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a
disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets
both criteria, EPA must evaluate the environmental health or safety
effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the planned
regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and reasonably
feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has
the potential to influence the regulation. The final rule is not
subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not establish
environmental standards based on an assessment of health or safety
risks.
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
The final rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR
28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not likely to have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. Further,
we have concluded that the final rule is not likely to have any adverse
energy effects. The vast majority of affected sources are expected to
comply with the final rule through pollution prevention rather than add
on controls, and therefore, there would be, at most, a nominal impact
on energy usage.
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
As noted in the proposed rule, section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law
104-113; Sec. 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs EPA to use voluntary
consensus standards (VCS) in its regulatory activities unless to do so
would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. The
VCS are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test
methods, sampling procedures, and business practices) that are
developed or adopted by VCS bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to provide
Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency decides not to use
available and applicable VCS.
The final rule involves technical standards. The EPA cites the
following standards in the final rule: EPA Methods 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 2C,
2D, 2F, 2G, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 24, 25, 25A, 204, 204A-F, 311, and an
alternative method to determine weight volatile matter content and
weight solids content for reactive adhesives. Consistent with the
NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify VCS in addition to these EPA
methods/performance specifications. No applicable VCS were identified
for EPA Methods 1A, 2A, 2D, 2F, 2G, 204, 204A through 204F, 311, and an
alternative method to determine weight volatile matter content and
weight solids content for reactive adhesives. The search and review
results have been documented and are placed in Docket ID No. OAR-2002-
0074 (formerly Docket No. A-99-12).
Six VCS: ASTM D1475-90, ASTM D2369-95, ASTM D3792-91, ASTM D4017-
96a, ASTM D4457-85 (Reapproved 1991), and ASTM D5403-93 are already
incorporated by reference
[[Page 20990]]
(IBR) in EPA Method 24. In addition, we are separately specifying the
use of ASTM D1475-98, ``Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid
Coatings, Inks, and Related Products,'' for measuring the density of
each coating, thinner and/or additive, and cleaning material. Five VCS:
ASTM D1979-91, ASTM D3432-89, ASTM D4747-87, ASTM D4827-93, and ASTM
PS9-94 are IBR in EPA Method 311.
In addition to the VCS EPA uses in the final rule, the search for
emissions measurement procedures identified 14 other VCS. The EPA
determined that 11 of these 14 VCS identified for measuring emissions
of the HAP or surrogates subject to emission standards in the final
rule are impractical alternatives to EPA test methods for the purposes
of the final rule. Therefore, EPA does not intend to adopt the VCS for
this purpose.
Three of the 14 VCS identified in this search were not available at
the time the review was conducted for the purposes of the final rule
because they are under development by a VCS body: ASME/BSR MFC 13M,
``Flow Measurement by Velocity Traverse,'' for EPA Method 2 (and
possibly 1); ASME/BSR MFC 12M, ``Flow in Closed Conduits Using
Multiport Averaging Pitot Primary Flowmeters,'' for EPA Method 2; and
ISO/CD 17895, ``Paints and Varnishes--Determination of the Volatile
Organic Compound Content of Water-based Emulsion Paints,'' for EPA
Method 24.
The EPA requested comment on the compliance demonstration
requirements in the proposed rule and specifically invited the public
to identify potentially-applicable VCS. We received several comments
suggesting the use of an alternative method to Method 24 for measuring
emissions from reactive adhesives. This alternative method has been
included in appendix A to the final rule. No other comments were
received with respect to potentially applicable VCS.
Sections 63.4541, 63.4551, 63.4561, 63.4565, 63.4566, and appendix
A of the final standards list the EPA testing methods and performance
specifications included in the final standards. Under 40 CFR 63.7(f)
and 63.8(f) of subpart A of the General Provisions, a source may apply
to EPA for permission to use alternative test methods or alternative
monitoring requirements in place of any of the EPA testing methods,
performance specifications, or procedures.
J. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801, et seq., as added by
the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996,
generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency
promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy
of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller
General of the United States. The EPA will submit a report containing
the final rule and other required information to the United States
Senate, the United States House of Representatives, and the Comptroller
General of the United States prior to publication of the final rule in
the Federal Register. A major rule cannot take effect until 60 days
after it is published in the Federal Register. This action is not a
major rule as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). The rule will be effective
April 19, 2004.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Dated: August 29, 2003.
Marianne Lamont Horinko,
Acting Administrator.
0
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part 63 of
the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 63--[AMENDED]
0
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
Subpart A--[AMENDED]
0
2. Section 63.14 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(26) and adding a
new paragraph (b)(34) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.14 Incorporations by reference.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(26) ASTM D1475-98, Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid
Coatings, Inks, and Related Products, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.
63.3941(b)(4), 63.3941(c), 63.3951(c), 63.4141(b)(3), 63.4141(c), and
63.4551(c).
* * * * *
(34) E145-94 (Reapproved 2001), Standard Specification for Gravity-
Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens, IBR approved for Sec.
63.4581, Appendix A.
* * * * *
0
3. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart PPPP to read as follows:
Subpart PPPP--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants for Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products
Sec.
What This Subpart Covers
63.4480 What is the purpose of this subpart?
63.4481 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.4482 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.4483 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
Emission Limitations
63.4490 What emission limits must I meet?
63.4491 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
63.4492 What operating limits must I meet?
63.4493 What work practice standards must I meet?
General Compliance Requirements
63.4500 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
63.4501 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Notifications, Reports, and Records
63.4510 What notifications must I submit?
63.4520 What reports must I submit?
63.4530 What records must I keep?
63.4531 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option
63.4540 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.4541 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4542 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option
63.4550 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
63.4551 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4552 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option
63.4560 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
63.4561 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
63.4562 [Reserved]
63.4563 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission
limitations?
63.4564 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
63.4565 How do I determine the emission capture system efficiency?
63.4566 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
[[Page 20991]]
63.4567 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-on
control device operating limits during the performance test?
63.4568 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?
Other Requirements and Information
63.4580 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.4581 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Tables to Subpart PPPP of Part 63
Table 1 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Operating Limits if Using the
Emission Rate with Add-on Controls Option
Table 2 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Applicability of General
Provisions to Subpart PPPP of Part 63
Table 3 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
Table 4 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass
Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups
Appendix A to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Determination of Weight Volatile
Matter Content and Weight Solids Content of Reactive Adhesives
Subpart PPPP--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants for Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products
What This Subpart Covers
Sec. 63.4480 What is the purpose of this subpart?
This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants (NESHAP) for plastic parts and products surface coating
facilities. This subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate
initial and continuous compliance with the emission limitations.
Sec. 63.4481 Am I subject to this subpart?
(a) Plastic parts and products include, but are not limited to,
plastic components of the following types of products as well as the
products themselves: Motor vehicle parts and accessories for
automobiles, trucks, recreational vehicles; sporting and recreational
goods; toys; business machines; laboratory and medical equipment; and
household and other consumer products. Except as provided in paragraph
(c) of this section, the source category to which this subpart applies
is the surface coating of any plastic parts or products, as described
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and it includes the subcategories
listed in paragraphs (a)(2) through (5) of this section.
(1) Surface coating is the application of coating to a substrate
using, for example, spray guns or dip tanks. When application of
coating to a substrate occurs, then surface coating also includes
associated activities, such as surface preparation, cleaning, mixing,
and storage. However, these activities do not comprise surface coating
if they are not directly related to the application of the coating.
Coating application with handheld, non-refillable aerosol containers,
touch-up markers, marking pens, or the application of paper film or
plastic film which may be pre-coated with an adhesive by the
manufacturer are not coating operations for the purposes of this
subpart.
(2) The general use coating subcategory includes all surface
coating operations that are not automotive lamp coating operations,
thermoplastic olefin (TPO) coating operations, or assembled on-road
vehicle coating operations.
(3) The automotive lamp coating subcategory includes the surface
coating of plastic components of the body of an exterior automotive
lamp including, but not limited to, headlamps, tail lamps, turn
signals, and marker (clearance) lamps; typical coatings used are
reflective argent coatings and clear topcoats. This subcategory does
not include the coating of interior automotive lamps, such as dome
lamps and instrument panel lamps.
(4) The TPO coating subcategory includes the surface coating of TPO
substrates; typical coatings used are adhesion promoters, color
coatings, clear coatings and topcoats. The coating of TPO substrates on
fully assembled on-road vehicles is not included in the TPO coating
subcategory.
(5) The assembled on-road vehicle coating subcategory includes
surface coating of fully assembled motor vehicles and trailers intended
for on-road use, including, but not limited to: automobiles, light-duty
trucks, heavy duty trucks, and busses that have been repaired after a
collision or otherwise repainted; fleet delivery trucks; and motor
homes and other recreational vehicles (including camping trailers and
fifth wheels). This subcategory also includes the incidental coating of
parts, such as radiator grilles, that are removed from the fully
assembled on-road vehicle to facilitate concurrent coating of all parts
associated with the vehicle. The assembled on-road vehicle coating
subcategory does not include the surface coating of plastic parts prior
to their attachment to an on-road vehicle on an original equipment
manufacturer's (OEM) assembly line. The assembled on-road vehicle
coating subcategory also does not include the use of adhesives,
sealants, and caulks used in assembling on-road vehicles. Body fillers
used to correct small surface defects and rubbing compounds used to
remove surface scratches are not considered coatings subject to this
subpart.
(b) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a new,
reconstructed, or existing affected source, as defined in Sec.
63.4482, that uses 378 liters (100 gallons (gal)) per year, or more, of
coatings that contain hazardous air pollutants (HAP) in the surface
coating of plastic parts and products defined in paragraph (a) of this
section; and that is a major source, is located at a major source, or
is part of a major source of emissions of HAP. A major source of HAP
emissions is any stationary source or group of stationary sources
located within a contiguous area and under common control that emits or
has the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 9.07 megagrams
(Mg) (10 tons) or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of
22.68 Mg (25 tons) or more per year. You do not need to include
coatings that meet the definition of non-HAP coating contained in Sec.
63.4581 in determining whether you use 378 liters (100 gallons) per
year, or more, of coatings in the surface coating of plastic parts and
products.
(c) This subpart does not apply to surface coating or a coating
operation that meets any of the criteria of paragraphs (c)(1) through
(16) of this section.
(1) A coating operation conducted at a facility where the facility
uses only coatings, thinners and other additives, and cleaning
materials that contain no organic HAP, as determined according to Sec.
63.3941(a).
(2) Surface coating operations that occur at research or laboratory
facilities, or is part of janitorial, building, and facility
maintenance operations, or that occur at hobby shops that are operated
for noncommercial purposes.
(3) The surface coating of plastic parts and products performed on-
site at installations owned or operated by the Armed Forces of the
United States (including the Coast Guard and the National Guard of any
such State) or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or
the surface coating of military munitions manufactured by or for the
Armed Forces of the United States (including the Coast Guard and the
National Guard of any such State).
(4) Surface coating where plastic is extruded onto plastic parts or
products to form a coating.
(5) Surface coating of magnet wire.
(6) In-mold coating operations or gel coating operations in the
manufacture of reinforced plastic composite parts that
[[Page 20992]]
meet the applicability criteria for reinforced plastics composites
production (subpart WWWW of this part).
(7) Surface coating of plastic components of wood furniture that
meet the applicability criteria for wood furniture manufacturing
(subpart JJ of this part).
(8) Surface coating of plastic components of large appliances that
meet the applicability criteria for large appliance surface coating
(subpart NNNN of this part).
(9) Surface coating of plastic components of metal furniture that
meet the applicability criteria for metal furniture surface coating
(subpart RRRR of this part).
(10) Surface coating of plastic components of wood building
products that meet the applicability criteria for wood building
products surface coating (subpart QQQQ of this part).
(11) Surface coating of plastic components of aerospace vehicles
that meet the applicability criteria for aerospace manufacturing and
rework (40 CFR part 63, subpart GG).
(12) Surface coating of plastic parts intended for use in an
aerospace vehicle or component using specialty coatings as defined in
appendix A to subpart GG of this part.
(13) Surface coating of plastic components of ships that meet the
applicability criteria for shipbuilding and ship repair (subpart II of
this part).
(14) Surface coating of plastic using a web coating process that
meets the applicability criteria for paper and other web coating
(subpart JJJJ of this part).
(15) Surface coating of fiberglass boats or parts of fiberglass
boats (including, but not limited to, the use of assembly adhesives)
where the facility meets the applicability criteria for boat
manufacturing (subpart VVVV of this part), except where the surface
coating of the boat is a post-mold coating operation performed on
personal watercraft or parts of personal watercraft. This subpart does
apply to post-mold coating operations performed on personal watercraft
and parts of personal watercraft.
(16) [Reserved]
(d) [Reserved]
(e) If you own or operate an affected source that meets the
applicability criteria of this subpart and at the same facility you
also perform surface coating that meets the applicability criteria of
any other final surface coating NESHAP in this part, you may choose to
comply as specified in paragraph (e)(1), (2), or (3) of this section.
(1) You may have each surface coating operation that meets the
applicability criteria of a separate NESHAP comply with that NESHAP
separately.
(2) You may comply with the emission limitation representing the
predominant surface coating activity at your facility, as determined
according to paragraphs (e)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section. However,
you may not establish assembled on-road vehicle and automotive lamp
coating operations as the predominant activity.
(i) If a surface coating operation accounts for 90 percent or more
of the surface coating activity at your facility (that is, the
predominant activity), then compliance with the emission limitations of
the predominant activity for all surface coating operations constitutes
compliance with these and other applicable surface coating NESHAP. In
determining predominant activity, you must include coating activities
that meet the applicability criteria of other surface coating NESHAP
and constitute more than 1 percent of total coating activities at your
facility. Coating activities that meet the applicability criteria of
other surface coating NESHAP but comprise less than 1 percent of
coating activities need not be included in the determination of
predominant activity but must be included in the compliance
calculation.
(ii) You must use kilogram (kg) (pound (lb)) of solids used as a
measure of relative surface coating activity over a representative
period of operation. You may estimate the relative mass of coating
solids used from parameters other than coating consumption and mass
solids content (e.g., design specifications for the parts or products
coated and the number of items produced). The determination of
predominant activity must accurately reflect current and projected
coating operations and must be verifiable through appropriate
documentation. The use of parameters other than coating consumption and
mass solids content must be approved by the Administrator. You may use
data for any reasonable time period of at least 1 year in determining
the relative amount of coating activity, as long as they represent the
way the source will continue to operate in the future and are approved
by the Administrator. You must determine the predominant activity at
your facility and submit the results of that determination with the
initial notification required by Sec. 63.4510(b). You must also
determine predominant activity annually and include the determination
in the next semi-annual compliance report required by Sec. 63.4520(a).
(3) You may comply with a facility-specific emission limit
calculated from the relative amount of coating activity that is subject
to each emission limit. If you elect to comply using the facility-
specific emission limit alternative, then compliance with the facility-
specific emission limit and the emission limitations in this subpart
for all surface coating operations constitutes compliance with this and
other applicable surface coating NESHAP. The procedures for calculating
the facility-specific emission limit are specified in Sec. 63.4490. In
calculating a facility-specific emission limit, you must include
coating activities that meet the applicability criteria of other
surface coating NESHAP and constitute more than 1 percent of total
coating activities at your facility. Coating activities that meet the
applicability criteria of other surface coating NESHAP but comprise
less than 1 percent of total coating activities need not be included in
the calculation of the facility-specific emission limit but must be
included in the compliance calculations.
Sec. 63.4482 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
(a) This subpart applies to each new, reconstructed, and existing
affected source within each of the four subcategories listed in Sec.
63.4481(a).
(b) The affected source is the collection of all of the items
listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section that are used
for surface coating of plastic parts and products within each
subcategory.
(1) All coating operations as defined in Sec. 63.4581;
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which coatings,
thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials are stored or
mixed;
(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for
conveying coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning
materials; and
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment
and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a
coating operation.
(c) An affected source is a new source if it meets the criteria in
paragraph (c)(1) of this section and the criteria in either paragraph
(c)(2) or (3) of this section.
(1) You commenced the construction of the source after December 4,
2002 by installing new coating equipment.
(2) The new coating equipment is used to coat plastic parts and
products at a source where no plastic parts surface coating was
previously performed.
(3) The new coating equipment is used to perform plastic parts and
[[Page 20993]]
products coating in a subcategory that was not previously performed.
(d) An affected source is reconstructed if you meet the criteria as
defined in Sec. 63.2.
(e) An affected source is existing if it is not new or
reconstructed.
Sec. 63.4483 When do I have to comply with this subpart?
The date by which you must comply with this subpart is called the
compliance date. The compliance date for each type of affected source
is specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. The
compliance date begins the initial compliance period during which you
conduct the initial compliance demonstration described in Sec. Sec.
63.4540, 63.4550, and 63.4560.
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, the compliance date
is the applicable date in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section:
(1) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source is before April 19, 2004, the compliance date is April 19, 2004.
(2) If the initial startup of your new or reconstructed affected
source occurs after April 19, 2004, the compliance date is the date of
initial startup of your affected source.
(b) For an existing affected source, the compliance date is the
date 3 years after April 19, 2004.
(c) For an area source that increases its emissions or its
potential to emit such that it becomes a major source of HAP emissions,
the compliance date is specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) For any portion of the source that becomes a new or
reconstructed affected source subject to this subpart, the compliance
date is the date of initial startup of the affected source or April 19,
2004, whichever is later.
(2) For any portion of the source that becomes an existing affected
source subject to this subpart, the compliance date is the date 1 year
after the area source becomes a major source or 3 years after April 19,
2004, whichever is later.
(d) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec. 63.4510
according to the dates specified in that section and in subpart A of
this part. Some of the notifications must be submitted before the
compliance dates described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section.
Emission Limitations
Sec. 63.4490 What emission limits must I meet?
(a) For a new or reconstructed affected source, you must limit
organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere from the affected source to the
applicable limit specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this
section, except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section,
determined according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4541, Sec.
63.4551, or Sec. 63.4561.
(1) For each new general use coating affected source, limit organic
HAP emissions to no more than 0.16 kg (0.16 lb) organic HAP emitted per
kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance period.
(2) For each new automotive lamp coating affected source, limit
organic HAP emissions to no more than 0.26 kg (0.26 lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance
period.
(3) For each new TPO coating affected source, limit organic HAP
emissions to no more than 0.22 kg (0.22 lb) organic HAP emitted per kg
(lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance period.
(4) For each new assembled on-road vehicle coating affected source,
limit organic HAP emissions to no more than 1.34 kg (1.34 lb) organic
HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month
compliance period.
(b) For an existing affected source, you must limit organic HAP
emissions to the atmosphere from the affected source to the applicable
limit specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section,
except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, determined
according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4541, Sec. 63.4551, or Sec.
63.4561.
(1) For each existing general use coating affected source, limit
organic HAP emissions to no more than 0.16 kg (0.16 lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance
period.
(2) For each existing automotive lamp coating affected source,
limit organic HAP emissions to no more than 0.45 kg (0.45 lb) organic
HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month
compliance period.
(3) For each existing TPO coating affected source, limit organic
HAP emissions to no more than 0.26 kg (0.26 lb) organic HAP emitted per
kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-month compliance period.
(4) For each existing assembled on-road vehicle coating affected
source, limit organic HAP emissions to no more than 1.34 kg (1.34 lb)
organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used during each 12-
month compliance period.
(c) If your facility's surface coating operations meet the
applicability criteria of more than one of the subcategory emission
limits specified in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section, you may
comply separately with each subcategory emission limit or comply using
one of the alternatives in paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) If the general use or TPO surface coating operations subject to
only one of the emission limits specified in paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(3),
(b)(1), or (b)(3) of this section account for 90 percent or more of the
surface coating activity at your facility (i.e., it is the predominant
activity at your facility), then compliance with that emission
limitation for all surface coating operations constitutes compliance
with the other applicable emission limitations. You must use kg (lb) of
solids used as a measure of relative surface coating activity over a
representative period of operation. You may estimate the relative mass
of coating solids used from parameters other than coating consumption
and mass solids content (e.g., design specifications for the parts or
products coated and the number of items produced). The determination of
predominant activity must accurately reflect current and projected
coating operations and must be verifiable through appropriate
documentation. The use of parameters other than coating consumption and
mass solids content must be approved by the Administrator. You may use
data for any reasonable time period of at least 1 year in determining
the relative amount of coating activity, as long as they represent the
way the source will continue to operate in the future and are approved
by the Administrator. You must determine the predominant activity at
your facility and submit the results of that determination with the
initial notification required by Sec. 63.4510(b). Additionally, you
must determine the facility's predominant activity annually and include
the determination in the next semi-annual compliance report required by
Sec. 63.4520(a).
(2) You may calculate and comply with a facility-specific emission
limit as described in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iii) of this
section. If you elect to comply using the facility-specific emission
limit alternative, then compliance with the facility-specific emission
limit and the emission limitations in this subpart for all surface
coating operations constitutes compliance with this and other
applicable surface coating NESHAP. In calculating a facility-specific
emission limit, you must include coating activities that meet the
applicability criteria of the other subcategories and constitute more
than 1 percent of total
[[Page 20994]]
coating activities. Coating activities that meet the applicability
criteria of other surface coating NESHAP but comprise less than 1
percent of coating activities need not be included in the determination
of predominant activity but must be included in the compliance
calculation.
(i) You are required to calculate the facility-specific emission
limit for your facility when you submit the notification of compliance
status required in Sec. 63.4510(c), and on a monthly basis afterward
using the coating data for the relevant 12-month compliance period.
(ii) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the facility-
specific emission limit for your surface coating operations for each
12-month compliance period.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.002
Where:
Facility-specific emission limit = Facility-specific emission limit for
each 12-month compliance period, kg (lb) organic HAP per kg (lb)
coating solids used.
Limiti = The new source or existing source emission limit
applicable to coating operation, i, included in the facility-specific
emission limit, converted to kg (lb) organic HAP per kg (lb) coating
solids used, if the emission limit is not already in those units. All
emission limits included in the facility-specific emission limit must
be in the same units.
Solidsi = The kg (lb) of solids used in coating operation,
i, in the 12-month compliance period that is subject to emission limit,
i. You may estimate the mass of coating solids used from parameters
other than coating consumption and mass solids content (e.g., design
specifications for the parts or products coated and the number of items
produced). The use of parameters other than coating consumption and
mass solids content must be approved by the Administrator.
n = The number of different coating operations included in the
facility-specific emission limit.
(iii) If you need to convert an emission limit in another surface
coating NESHAP from kg (lb) organic HAP per liter (gallon) coating
solids used to kg (lb) organic HAP per kg (lb) coating solids used, you
must use the default solids density of 1.50 kg solids per liter coating
solids (12.5 lb solids per gal solids).
Sec. 63.4491 What are my options for meeting the emission limits?
You must include all coatings (as defined in Sec. 63.4581),
thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials used in the
affected source when determining whether the organic HAP emission rate
is equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490. To make this determination, you must use at least one of the
three compliance options listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section. You may apply any of the compliance options to an individual
coating operation, or to multiple coating operations as a group, or to
the entire affected source. You may use different compliance options
for different coating operations, or at different times on the same
coating operation. You may employ different compliance options when
different coatings are applied to the same part, or when the same
coating is applied to different parts. However, you may not use
different compliance options at the same time on the same coating
operation. If you switch between compliance options for any coating
operation or group of coating operations, you must document this switch
as required by Sec. 63.4530(c), and you must report it in the next
semiannual compliance report required in Sec. 63.4520.
(a) Compliant material option. Demonstrate that the organic HAP
content of each coating used in the coating operation(s) is less than
or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, and that
each thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material used contains
no organic HAP. You must meet all the requirements of Sec. Sec.
63.4540, 63.4541, and 63.4542 to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable emission limit using this option.
(b) Emission rate without add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning
materials used in the coating operation(s), the organic HAP emission
rate for the coating operation(s) is less than or equal to the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, calculated as a rolling 12-
month emission rate and determined on a monthly basis. You must meet
all the requirements of Sec. Sec. 63.4550, 63.4551, and 63.4552 to
demonstrate compliance with the emission limit using this option.
(c) Emission rate with add-on controls option. Demonstrate that,
based on the coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning
materials used in the coating operation(s), and the emissions
reductions achieved by emission capture systems and add-on controls,
the organic HAP emission rate for the coating operation(s) is less than
or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, calculated
as a rolling 12-month emission rate and determined on a monthly basis.
If you use this compliance option, you must also demonstrate that all
emission capture systems and add-on control devices for the coating
operation(s) meet the operating limits required in Sec. 63.4492,
except for solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid
material balances according to Sec. 63.4561(j), and that you meet the
work practice standards required in Sec. 63.4493. You must meet all
the requirements of Sec. Sec. 63.4560 through 63.4568 to demonstrate
compliance with the emission limits, operating limits, and work
practice standards using this option.
Sec. 63.4492 What operating limits must I meet?
(a) For any coating operation(s) on which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option,
you are not required to meet any operating limits.
(b) For any controlled coating operation(s) on which you use the
emission rate with add-on controls option, except those for which you
use a solvent recovery system and conduct a liquid-liquid material
balance according to Sec. 63.4561(j), you must meet the operating
limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart. These operating limits
apply to the emission capture and control systems on the coating
[[Page 20995]]
operation(s) for which you use this option, and you must establish the
operating limits during the performance test according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4567. You must meet the operating limits at
all times after you establish them.
(c) If you use an add-on control device other than those listed in
Table 1 to this subpart, or wish to monitor an alternative parameter
and comply with a different operating limit, you must apply to the
Administrator for approval of alternative monitoring under Sec.
63.8(f).
Sec. 63.4493 What work practice standards must I meet?
(a) For any coating operation(s) on which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option,
you are not required to meet any work practice standards.
(b) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, you
must develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize organic HAP
emissions from the storage, mixing, and conveying of coatings, thinners
and/or other additives, and cleaning materials used in, and waste
materials generated by the controlled coating operation(s) for which
you use this option; or you must meet an alternative standard as
provided in paragraph (c) of this section. The plan must specify
practices and procedures to ensure that, at a minimum, the elements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section are
implemented.
(1) All organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners and/or other
additives, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be stored in
closed containers.
(2) Spills of organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners and/or
other additives, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be
minimized.
(3) Organic-HAP-containing coatings, thinners and/or other
additives, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be conveyed
from one location to another in closed containers or pipes.
(4) Mixing vessels which contain organic-HAP-containing coatings
and other materials must be closed except when adding to, removing, or
mixing the contents.
(5) Emissions of organic HAP must be minimized during cleaning of
storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
(c) As provided in Sec. 63.6(g), we, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, may choose to grant you permission to use an
alternative to the work practice standards in this section.
General Compliance Requirements
Sec. 63.4500 What are my general requirements for complying with this
subpart?
(a) You must be in compliance with the emission limitations in this
subpart as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) Any coating operation(s) for which you use the compliant
material option or the emission rate without add-on controls option, as
specified in Sec. 63.4491(a) and (b), must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490 at all times.
(2) Any coating operation(s) for which you use the emission rate
with add-on controls option, as specified in Sec. 63.4491(c), must be
in compliance with the emission limitations as specified in paragraphs
(a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490 at all times except during
periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(ii) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the
operating limits for emission capture systems and add-on control
devices required by Sec. 63.4492 at all times except during periods of
startup, shutdown, and malfunction, and except for solvent recovery
systems for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according
to Sec. 63.4561(j).
(iii) The coating operation(s) must be in compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.4493 at all times.
(b) You must always operate and maintain your affected source,
including all air pollution control and monitoring equipment you use
for purposes of complying with this subpart, according to the
provisions in Sec. 63.6(e)(1)(i).
(c) If your affected source uses an emission capture system and
add-on control device, you must develop and implement a written
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(e)(3). The plan must address the startup, shutdown, and
corrective actions in the event of a malfunction of the emission
capture system or the add-on control device. The plan must also address
any coating operation equipment that may cause increased emissions or
that would affect capture efficiency if the process equipment
malfunctions, such as conveyors that move parts among enclosures.
Sec. 63.4501 What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
Table 2 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions
in Sec. Sec. 63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.
Notifications, Reports, and Records
Sec. 63.4510 What notifications must I submit?
(a) General. You must submit the notifications in Sec. Sec.
63.7(b) and (c), 63.8(f)(4), and 63.9(b) through (e) and (h) that apply
to you by the dates specified in those sections, except as provided in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) Initial notification. You must submit the initial notification
required by Sec. 63.9(b) for a new or reconstructed affected source no
later than 120 days after initial startup or 120 days after April 19,
2004, whichever is later. For an existing affected source, you must
submit the initial notification no later than 1 year after April 19,
2004. If you are using compliance with the Automobiles and Light-Duty
Trucks NESHAP (subpart IIII of this part) under Sec. 63.4881(d) to
constitute compliance with this subpart for your plastic part coating
operations, then you must include a statement to this effect in your
initial notification and no other notifications are required under this
subpart. If you are complying with another NESHAP that constitutes the
predominant activity at your facility under Sec. 63.4481(e)(2) to
constitute compliance with this subpart for your plastic coating
operations, then you must include a statement to this effect in your
initial notification and no other notifications are required under this
subpart.
(c) Notification of compliance status. You must submit the
notification of compliance status required by Sec. 63.9(h) no later
than 30 calendar days following the end of the initial compliance
period described in Sec. 63.4540, Sec. 63.4550, or Sec. 63.4560 that
applies to your affected source. The notification of compliance status
must contain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through
(11) of this section and in Sec. 63.9(h).
(1) Company name and address.
(2) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(3) Date of the report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.4540, Sec. 63.4550, or Sec. 63.4560 that
applies to your affected source.
(4) Identification of the compliance option or options specified in
Sec. 63.4491 that you used on each coating operation in the affected
source during the initial compliance period.
(5) Statement of whether or not the affected source achieved the
emission
[[Page 20996]]
limitations for the initial compliance period.
(6) If you had a deviation, include the information in paragraphs
(c)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) A description and statement of the cause of the deviation.
(ii) If you failed to meet the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490, include all the calculations you used to determine the kg (lb)
organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used. You do not need to
submit information provided by the materials' suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports.
(7) For each of the data items listed in paragraphs (c)(7)(i)
through (iv) of this section that is required by the compliance
option(s) you used to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit,
include an example of how you determined the value, including
calculations and supporting data. Supporting data may include a copy of
the information provided by the supplier or manufacturer of the example
coating or material, or a summary of the results of testing conducted
according to Sec. 63.4541(a), (b), or (c). You do not need to submit
copies of any test reports.
(i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner
and/or other additive, and for one cleaning material.
(ii) Mass fraction of coating solids for one coating.
(iii) Density for one coating, one thinner and/or other additive,
and one cleaning material, except that if you use the compliant
material option, only the example coating density is required.
(iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP
contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an
allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4551.
(8) The calculation of kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb)
coating solids used for the compliance option(s) you used, as specified
in paragraphs (c)(8)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) For the compliant material option, provide an example
calculation of the organic HAP content for one coating, using Equation
1 of Sec. 63.4541.
(ii) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, provide
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for each
month; the calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each
month; and the calculation of the 12-month organic HAP emission rate
using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C, 2, and 3, respectively, of Sec.
63.4551.
(iii) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, provide
the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials used
each month, using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec. 63.4551; the
calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each month using
Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551; the mass of organic HAP emission reduction
each month by emission capture systems and add-on control devices using
Equations 1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.4561 and Equations 2, 3, and
3A through 3C of Sec. 63.4561, as applicable; the calculation of the
total mass of organic HAP emissions each month using Equation 4 of
Sec. 63.4561; and the calculation of the 12-month organic HAP emission
rate using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4561.
(9) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, you must
include the information specified in paragraphs (c)(9)(i) through (iv)
of this section, except that the requirements in paragraphs (c)(9)(i)
through (iii) of this section do not apply to solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4561(j).
(i) For each emission capture system, a summary of the data and
copies of the calculations supporting the determination that the
emission capture system is a permanent total enclosure (PTE) or a
measurement of the emission capture system efficiency. Include a
description of the protocol followed for measuring capture efficiency,
summaries of any capture efficiency tests conducted, and any
calculations supporting the capture efficiency determination. If you
use the data quality objective (DQO) or lower confidence limit (LCL)
approach, you must also include the statistical calculations to show
you meet the DQO or LCL criteria in appendix A to subpart KK of this
part. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(ii) A summary of the results of each add-on control device
performance test. You do not need to submit complete test reports.
(iii) A list of each emission capture system's and add-on control
device's operating limits and a summary of the data used to calculate
those limits.
(iv) A statement of whether or not you developed and implemented
the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4493.
(10) If you are complying with a single emission limit representing
the predominant activity under Sec. 63.4490(c)(1), include the
calculations and supporting information used to demonstrate that this
emission limit represents the predominant activity as specified in
Sec. 63.4490(c)(1).
(11) If you are complying with a facility-specific emission limit
under Sec. 63.4490(c)(2), include the calculation of the facility-
specific emission limit and any supporting information as specified in
Sec. 63.4490(c)(2).
Sec. 63.4520 What reports must I submit?
(a) Semiannual compliance reports. You must submit semiannual
compliance reports for each affected source according to the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section. The
semiannual compliance reporting requirements may be satisfied by
reports required under other parts of the Clean Air Act (CAA), as
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Dates. Unless the Administrator has approved or agreed to a
different schedule for submission of reports under Sec. 63.10(a), you
must prepare and submit each semiannual compliance report according to
the dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this
section. Note that the information reported for each of the months in
the reporting period will be based on the last 12 months of data prior
to the date of each monthly calculation.
(i) The first semiannual compliance report must cover the first
semiannual reporting period which begins the day after the end of the
initial compliance period described in Sec. 63.4540, Sec. 63.4550, or
Sec. 63.4560 that applies to your affected source and ends on June 30
or December 31, whichever date is the first date following the end of
the initial compliance period.
(ii) Each subsequent semiannual compliance report must cover the
subsequent semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30
or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
(iii) Each semiannual compliance report must be postmarked or
delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date is the
first date following the end of the semiannual reporting period.
(iv) For each affected source that is subject to permitting
regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the
permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual
reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR
71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance
reports according to the dates the permitting authority has established
instead of according to the date specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of
this section.
(2) Inclusion with title V report. Each affected source that has
obtained a title V operating permit pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40
CFR part 71 must report all deviations as defined in this subpart in
the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A)
or
[[Page 20997]]
40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If an affected source submits a semiannual
compliance report pursuant to this section along with, or as part of,
the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A)
or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the semiannual compliance report
includes all required information concerning deviations from any
emission limitation in this subpart, its submission will be deemed to
satisfy any obligation to report the same deviations in the semiannual
monitoring report. However, submission of a semiannual compliance
report shall not otherwise affect any obligation the affected source
may have to report deviations from permit requirements to the
permitting authority.
(3) General requirements. The semiannual compliance report must
contain the information specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (vii)
of this section, and the information specified in paragraphs (a)(4)
through (7) and (c)(1) of this section that is applicable to your
affected source.
(i) Company name and address.
(ii) Statement by a responsible official with that official's name,
title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness
of the content of the report.
(iii) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the
reporting period. The reporting period is the 6-month period ending on
June 30 or December 31. Note that the information reported for each of
the 6 months in the reporting period will be based on the last 12
months of data prior to the date of each monthly calculation.
(iv) Identification of the compliance option or options specified
in Sec. 63.4491 that you used on each coating operation during the
reporting period. If you switched between compliance options during the
reporting period, you must report the beginning and ending dates for
each option you used.
(v) If you used the emission rate without add-on controls or the
emission rate with add-on controls compliance option (Sec. 63.4491(b)
or (c)), the calculation results for each rolling 12-month organic HAP
emission rate during the 6-month reporting period.
(vi) If you used the predominant activity alternative (Sec.
63.4490(c)(1)), include the annual determination of predominant
activity if it was not included in the previous semi-annual compliance
report.
(vii) If you used the facility-specific emission limit alternative
(Sec. 63.4490(c)(2)), include the calculation of the facility-specific
emission limit for each 12-month compliance period during the 6-month
reporting period.
(4) No deviations. If there were no deviations from the emission
limitations in Sec. Sec. 63.4490, 63.4492, and 63.4493 that apply to
you, the semiannual compliance report must include a statement that
there were no deviations from the emission limitations during the
reporting period. If you used the emission rate with add-on controls
option and there were no periods during which the continuous parameter
monitoring systems (CPMS) were out-of-control as specified in Sec.
63.8(c)(7), the semiannual compliance report must include a statement
that there were no periods during which the CPMS were out-of-control
during the reporting period.
(5) Deviations: Compliant material option. If you used the
compliant material option and there was a deviation from the applicable
organic HAP content requirements in Sec. 63.4490, the semiannual
compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs (a)(5)(i)
through (iv) of this section.
(i) Identification of each coating used that deviated from the
applicable emission limit, and each thinner and/or other additive, and
cleaning material used that contained organic HAP, and the dates and
time periods each was used.
(ii) The calculation of the organic HAP content (using Equation 1
of Sec. 63.4541) for each coating identified in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of
this section. You do not need to submit background data supporting this
calculation (e.g., information provided by coating suppliers or
manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) The determination of mass fraction of organic HAP for each
thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material identified in
paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section. You do not need to submit
background data supporting this calculation (e.g., information provided
by material suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(6) Deviations: Emission rate without add-on controls option. If
you used the emission rate without add-on controls option and there was
a deviation from the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, the
semiannual compliance report must contain the information in paragraphs
(a)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the 12-month organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for the compliance period in which the deviation
occurred. You must submit the calculations for Equations 1, 1A through
1C, 2, and 3 of Sec. 63.4551; and if applicable, the calculation used
to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to Sec.
63.4551(e)(4). You do not need to submit background data supporting
these calculations (e.g., information provided by materials suppliers
or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(7) Deviations: Emission rate with add-on controls option. If you
used the emission rate with add-on controls option and there was a
deviation from an emission limitation (including any periods when
emissions bypassed the add-on control device and were diverted to the
atmosphere), the semiannual compliance report must contain the
information in paragraphs (a)(7)(i) through (xiv) of this section. This
includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction during which
deviations occurred.
(i) The beginning and ending dates of each compliance period during
which the 12-month organic HAP emission rate exceeded the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490.
(ii) The calculations used to determine the 12-month organic HAP
emission rate for each compliance period in which a deviation occurred.
You must provide the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP
emissions for the coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and
cleaning materials used each month using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C
of Sec. 63.4551; and, if applicable, the calculation used to determine
mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to Sec.
63.4551(e)(4); the calculation of the total mass of coating solids used
each month using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551; the calculation of the
mass of organic HAP emission reduction each month by emission capture
systems and add-on control devices using Equations 1 and 1A through 1D
of Sec. 63.4561, and Equations 2, 3, and 3A through 3C of Sec.
63.4561, as applicable; the calculation of the total mass of organic
HAP emissions each month using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4561; and the
calculation of the 12-month organic HAP emission rate using Equation 5
of Sec. 63.4561. You do not need to submit the background data
supporting these calculations (e.g., information provided by materials
suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports).
(iii) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped.
[[Page 20998]]
(iv) A brief description of the CPMS.
(v) The date of the latest CPMS certification or audit.
(vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for
zero (low-level) and high-level checks.
(vii) The date, time, and duration that each CPMS was out-of-
control, including the information in Sec. 63.8(c)(8).
(viii) The date and time period of each deviation from an operating
limit in Table 1 to this subpart; date and time period of any bypass of
the add-on control device; and whether each deviation occurred during a
period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period.
(ix) A summary of the total duration of each deviation from an
operating limit in Table 1 to this subpart and each bypass of the add-
on control device during the semiannual reporting period, and the total
duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that
semiannual reporting period.
(x) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations from the
operating limits in Table 1 of this subpart and bypasses of the add-on
control device during the semiannual reporting period into those that
were due to startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process
problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes.
(xi) A summary of the total duration of CPMS downtime during the
semiannual reporting period and the total duration of CPMS downtime as
a percent of the total source operating time during that semiannual
reporting period.
(xii) A description of any changes in the CPMS, coating operation,
emission capture system, or add-on control device since the last
semiannual reporting period.
(xiii) For each deviation from the work practice standards, a
description of the deviation, the date and time period of the
deviation, and the actions you took to correct the deviation.
(xiv) A statement of the cause of each deviation.
(b) Performance test reports. If you use the emission rate with
add-on controls option, you must submit reports of performance test
results for emission capture systems and add-on control devices no
later than 60 days after completing the tests as specified in Sec.
63.10(d)(2).
(c) Startup, shutdown, malfunction reports. If you used the
emission rate with add-on controls option and you had a startup,
shutdown, or malfunction during the semiannual reporting period, you
must submit the reports specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this
section.
(1) If your actions were consistent with your startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan, you must include the information specified in
Sec. 63.10(d) in the semiannual compliance report required by
paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) If your actions were not consistent with your startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan, you must submit an immediate startup,
shutdown, and malfunction report as described in paragraphs (c)(2)(i)
and (ii) of this section.
(i) You must describe the actions taken during the event in a
report delivered by facsimile, telephone, or other means to the
Administrator within 2 working days after starting actions that are
inconsistent with the plan.
(ii) You must submit a letter to the Administrator within 7 working
days after the end of the event, unless you have made alternative
arrangements with the Administrator as specified in Sec.
63.10(d)(5)(ii). The letter must contain the information specified in
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)(ii).
Sec. 63.4530 What records must I keep?
You must collect and keep records of the data and information
specified in this section. Failure to collect and keep these records is
a deviation from the applicable standard.
(a) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to
comply with this subpart, and the documentation supporting each
notification and report. If you are using the predominant activity
alternative under Sec. 63.4490(c), you must keep records of the data
and calculations used to determine the predominant activity. If you are
using the facility-specific emission limit alternative under Sec.
63.4490(c), you must keep records of the data used to calculate the
facility-specific emission limit for the initial compliance
demonstration. You must also keep records of any data used in each
annual predominant activity determination and in the calculation of the
facility-specific emission limit for each 12-month compliance period
included in the semi-annual compliance reports.
(b) A current copy of information provided by materials suppliers
or manufacturers, such as manufacturer's formulation data, or test data
used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each
coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material, and the
mass fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted
testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or mass
fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of the complete test
report. If you use information provided to you by the manufacturer or
supplier of the material that was based on testing, you must keep the
summary sheet of results provided to you by the manufacturer or
supplier. You are not required to obtain the test report or other
supporting documentation from the manufacturer or supplier.
(c) For each compliance period, the records specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) A record of the coating operations on which you used each
compliance option and the time periods (beginning and ending dates and
times) for each option you used.
(2) For the compliant material option, a record of the calculation
of the organic HAP content for each coating, using Equation 1 of Sec.
63.4541.
(3) For the emission rate without add-on controls option, a record
of the calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for the
coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials used
each month using Equations 1, 1A through 1C, and 2 of Sec. 63.4551
and, if applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic
HAP in waste materials according to Sec. 63.4551(e)(4); the
calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each month using
Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551; and the calculation of each 12-month
organic HAP emission rate using Equation 3 of Sec. 63.4551.
(4) For the emission rate with add-on controls option, records of
the calculations specified in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) through (v) of this
section.
(i) The calculation of the total mass of organic HAP emissions for
the coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials
used each month using Equations 1 and 1A through 1C of Sec. 63.4551;
and, if applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic
HAP in waste materials according to Sec. 63.4551(e)(4);
(ii) The calculation of the total mass of coating solids used each
month using Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551;
(iii) The calculation of the mass of organic HAP emission reduction
by emission capture systems and add-on control devices using Equations
1 and 1A through 1D of Sec. 63.4561 and Equations 2, 3, and 3A through
3C of Sec. 63.4561, as applicable;
(iv) The calculation of each month's organic HAP emission rate
using Equation 4 of Sec. 63.4561; and
(v) The calculation of each 12-month organic HAP emission rate
using Equation 5 of Sec. 63.4561.
(d) A record of the name and mass of each coating, thinner and/or
other additive, and cleaning material used
[[Page 20999]]
during each compliance period. If you are using the compliant material
option for all coatings at the source, you may maintain purchase
records for each material used rather than a record of the mass used.
(e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating,
thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material used during each
compliance period.
(f) A record of the mass fraction of coating solids for each
coating used during each compliance period.
(g) If you use an allowance in Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4551 for
organic HAP contained in waste materials sent to or designated for
shipment to a treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF)
according to Sec. 63.4551(e)(4), you must keep records of the
information specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) The name and address of each TSDF to which you sent waste
materials for which you use an allowance in Equation 1 of Sec.
63.4551, a statement of which subparts under 40 CFR parts 262, 264,
265, and 266 apply to the facility; and the date of each shipment.
(2) Identification of the coating operations producing waste
materials included in each shipment and the month or months in which
you used the allowance for these materials in Equation 1 of Sec.
63.4551.[FEDREG][VOL]*[/VOL][NO]*[/NO][DATE]*[/
DATE][RULES][RULE][PREAMB][AGENCY]*[/AGENCY][SUBJECT]*[/SUBJECT][/
PREAMB][SUPLINF][HED]*[/HED][REGTEXT][P]*[/P]
(3) The methodology used in accordance with Sec. 63.4551(e)(4) to
determine the total amount of waste materials sent to or the amount
collected, stored, and designated for transport to a TSDF each month;
and the methodology to determine the mass of organic HAP contained in
these waste materials. This must include the sources for all data used
in the determination, methods used to generate the data, frequency of
testing or monitoring, and supporting calculations and documentation,
including the waste manifest for each shipment.
(h) You must keep records of the date, time, and duration of each
deviation.
(i) If you use the emission rate with add-on controls option, you
must keep the records specified in paragraphs (i)(1) through (8) of
this section.
(1) For each deviation, a record of whether the deviation occurred
during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(2) The records in Sec. 63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to
startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(3) The records required to show continuous compliance with each
operating limit specified in Table 1 to this subpart that applies to
you.
(4) For each capture system that is a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to support a determination that the capture
system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51
for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100 percent, as specified in
Sec. 63.4565(a).
(5) For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data and
documentation you used to determine capture efficiency according to the
requirements specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4565(b) through
(e), including the records specified in paragraphs (i)(5)(i) through
(iii) of this section that apply to you.
(i) Records for a liquid-to-uncaptured gas protocol using a
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure. Records of the mass of
total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) as measured by Method 204A or 204F of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for each material used in the coating
operation, and the total TVH for all materials used during each capture
efficiency test run, including a copy of the test report. Records of
the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that
exited the temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each
capture efficiency test run, as measured by Method 204D or 204E of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51, including a copy of the test report.
Records documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency
test met the criteria in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for
either a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure.
(ii) Records for a gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure. Records of the mass of TVH emissions
captured by the emission capture system as measured by Method 204B or
204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 at the inlet to the add-on control
device, including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH
emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the temporary
total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency
test run as measured by Method 204D or 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR
part 51, including a copy of the test report. Records documenting that
the enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met the criteria in
Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 for either a temporary total
enclosure or a building enclosure.
(iii) Records for an alternative protocol. Records needed to
document a capture efficiency determination using an alternative method
or protocol as specified in Sec. 63.4565(e), if applicable.
(6) The records specified in paragraphs (i)(6)(i) and (ii) of this
section for each add-on control device organic HAP destruction or
removal efficiency determination as specified in Sec.
63.4566.[FEDREG][VOL]*[/VOL][NO]*[/NO][DATE]*[/
DATE][RULES][RULE][PREAMB][AGENCY]*[/AGENCY][SUBJECT]*[/SUBJECT][/
PREAMB][SUPLINF][HED]*[/HED][REGTEXT][P]*[/P]
(i) Records of each add-on control device performance test
conducted according to Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4566.
(ii) Records of the coating operation conditions during the add-on
control device performance test showing that the performance test was
conducted under representative operating conditions.
(7) Records of the data and calculations you used to establish the
emission capture and add-on control device operating limits as
specified in Sec. 63.4567 and to document compliance with the
operating limits as specified in Table 1 to this subpart.
(8) A record of the work practice plan required by Sec. 63.4493
and documentation that you are implementing the plan on a continuous
basis.
Sec. 63.4531 In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
(a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available
for expeditious review, according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). Where
appropriate, the records may be maintained as electronic spreadsheets
or as a database.
(b) As specified in Sec. 63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record
for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement,
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
(c) You must keep each record on-site for at least 2 years after
the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective
action, report, or record according to Sec. 63.10(b)(1). You may keep
the records off-site for the remaining 3 years.
Compliance Requirements for the Compliant Material Option
Sec. 63.4540 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements in Sec.
63.4541. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through that month plus the next 12 months.
The initial compliance demonstration includes the calculations
according to Sec. 63.4541 and supporting documentation showing that
during the initial compliance period, you used no coating with an
organic
[[Page 21000]]
HAP content that exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490, and that you used no thinners and/or other additives, or
cleaning materials that contained organic HAP as determined according
to Sec. 63.4541(a).
Sec. 63.4541 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations?
You may use the compliant material option for any individual
coating operation, for any group of coating operations in the affected
source, or for all the coating operations in the affected source. You
must use either the emission rate without add-on controls option or the
emission rate with add-on controls option for any coating operation in
the affected source for which you do not use this option. To
demonstrate initial compliance using the compliant material option, the
coating operation or group of coating operations must use no coating
with an organic HAP content that exceeds the applicable emission limits
in Sec. 63.4490 and must use no thinner and/or other additive, or
cleaning material that contains organic HAP as determined according to
this section. Any coating operation for which you use the compliant
material option is not required to meet the operating limits or work
practice standards required in Sec. Sec. 63.4492 and 63.4493,
respectively. You must conduct a separate initial compliance
demonstration for each general use coating, TPO coating, automotive
lamp coating, and assembled on-road vehicle coating affected source
unless you are demonstrating compliance with a predominant activity or
facility-specific emission limit as provided in Sec. 63.4490(c). If
you are demonstrating compliance with a predominant activity or
facility-specific emission limit as provided in Sec. 63.4490(c), you
must demonstrate that all coating operations included in the
predominant activity determination or calculation of the facility-
specific emission limit comply with that limit. You must meet all the
requirements of this section. Use the procedures in this section on
each coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material in
the condition it is in when it is received from its manufacturer or
supplier and prior to any alteration. You do not need to redetermine
the organic HAP content of coatings, thinners and/or other additives,
and cleaning materials that are reclaimed on-site (or reclaimed off-
site if you have documentation showing that you received back the exact
same materials that were sent off-site) and reused in the coating
operation for which you use the compliant material option, provided
these materials in their condition as received were demonstrated to
comply with the compliant material option.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material
used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each
coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material used
during the compliance period by using one of the options in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method
311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the
procedures specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section
when performing a Method 311 test.
(i) Count each organic HAP that is measured to be present at 0.1
percent by mass or more for Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR
1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 percent by mass or more for other compounds.
For example, if toluene (not an OSHA carcinogen) is measured to be 0.5
percent of the material by mass, you do not have to count it. Express
the mass fraction of each organic HAP you count as a value truncated to
four places after the decimal point (e.g., 0.3791).
(ii) Calculate the total mass fraction of organic HAP in the test
material by adding up the individual organic HAP mass fractions and
truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (e.g.,
0.763).
(2) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). For coatings, you may
use Method 24 to determine the mass fraction of nonaqueous volatile
matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic
HAP. For reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form
solids and are not emitted to the atmosphere, you may use the
alternative method contained in appendix A to this subpart, rather than
Method 24. You may use the volatile fraction that is emitted, as
measured by the alternative method in appendix A to this subpart, as a
substitute for the mass fraction of organic HAP.
(3) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining the mass fraction of organic HAP once the Administrator has
approved it. You must follow the procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to submit
an alternative test method for approval.
(4) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may rely on information other than that generated by the test
methods specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section,
such as manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each organic
HAP that is present at 0.1 percent by mass or more for OSHA-defined
carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0 percent
by mass or more for other compounds. For example, if toluene (not an
OSHA carcinogen) is 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not
have to count it. For reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react
to form solids and are not emitted to the atmosphere, you may rely on
manufacturer's data that expressly states the organic HAP or volatile
matter mass fraction emitted. If there is a disagreement between such
information and results of a test conducted according to paragraphs
(a)(1) through (3) of this section, then the test method results will
take precedence unless, after consultation you demonstrate to the
satisfaction of the enforcement agency that the formulation data are
correct.
(5) Solvent blends. Solvent blends may be listed as single
components for some materials in data provided by manufacturers or
suppliers. Solvent blends may contain organic HAP which must be counted
toward the total organic HAP mass fraction of the materials. When test
data and manufacturer's data for solvent blends are not available, you
may use the default values for the mass fraction of organic HAP in
these solvent blends listed in Table 3 or 4 to this subpart. If you use
the tables, you must use the values in Table 3 for all solvent blends
that match Table 3 entries according to the instructions for Table 3,
and you may use Table 4 only if the solvent blends in the materials you
use do not match any of the solvent blends in Table 3 and you know only
whether the blend is aliphatic or aromatic. However, if the results of
a Method 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63) test indicate higher values
than those listed on Table 3 or 4 to this subpart, the Method 311
results will take precedence unless, after consultation you demonstrate
to the satisfaction of the enforcement agency that the formulation data
are correct.
(b) Determine the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating.
You must determine the mass fraction of coating solids (kg (lb) of
coating solids per kg (lb) of coating) for each coating used during the
compliance period by a test, by information provided by the supplier or
the manufacturer of the material, or by calculation, as specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Method 24 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 60). Use Method 24 for
determining the mass fraction of coating solids. For reactive adhesives
in which some of the
[[Page 21001]]
liquid fraction reacts to form solids, you may use the alternative
method contained in appendix A to this subpart, rather than Method 24,
to determine the mass fraction of coating solids.
(2) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for
determining the solids content of each coating once the Administrator
has approved it. You must follow the procedure in Sec. 63.7(f) to
submit an alternative test method for approval.
(3) Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.
You may obtain the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating
from the supplier or manufacturer. If there is disagreement between
such information and the test method results, then the test method
results will take precedence unless, after consultation you demonstrate
to the satisfaction of the enforcement agency that the formulation data
are correct.
(c) Calculate the organic HAP content of each coating. Calculate
the organic HAP content, kg (lb) organic HAP emitted per kg (lb)
coating solids used, of each coating used during the compliance period
using Equation 1 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.003
Where:
Hc = Organic HAP content of the coating, kg (lb) of organic
HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used.
Wc = Mass fraction of organic HAP in the coating, kg organic
HAP per kg coating, determined according to paragraph (a) of this
section.
Sc = Mass fraction of coating solids, kg coating solids per
kg coating, determined according to paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Compliance demonstration. The calculated organic HAP content
for each coating used during the initial compliance period must be less
than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490; and
each thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material used during
the initial compliance period must contain no organic HAP, determined
according to paragraph (a) of this section. You must keep all records
required by Sec. Sec. 63.4530 and 63.4531. As part of the notification
of compliance status required in Sec. 63.4510, you must identify the
coating operation(s) for which you used the compliant material option
and submit a statement that the coating operation(s) was (were) in
compliance with the emission limitations during the initial compliance
period because you used no coatings for which the organic HAP content
exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, and you used
no thinners and/or other additives, or cleaning materials that
contained organic HAP, determined according to the procedures in
paragraph (a) of this section.
Sec. 63.4542 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) For each compliance period to demonstrate continuous
compliance, you must use no coating for which the organic HAP content
(determined using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4541) exceeds the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, and use no thinner and/or other
additive, or cleaning material that contains organic HAP, determined
according to Sec. 63.4541(a). A compliance period consists of 12
months. Each month, after the end of the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.4540, is the end of a compliance period
consisting of that month and the preceding 11 months. If you are
complying with a facility-specific emission limit under Sec.
63.4490(c), you must also perform the calculation using Equation 1 in
Sec. 63.4490(c)(2) on a monthly basis using the data from the previous
12 months of operation.
(b) If you choose to comply with the emission limitations by using
the compliant material option, the use of any coating, thinner and/or
other additive, or cleaning material that does not meet the criteria
specified in paragraph (a) of this section is a deviation from the
emission limitations that must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec.
63.4510(c)(6) and 63.4520(a)(5).
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by Sec.
63.4520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the compliant material option. If there were no deviations from the
applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, submit a statement that the
coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission
limitations during the reporting period because you used no coatings
for which the organic HAP content exceeded the applicable emission
limit in Sec. 63.4490, and you used no thinner and/or other additive,
or cleaning material that contained organic HAP, determined according
to Sec. 63.4541(a).
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4530
and 63.4531.
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate Without Add-On Controls
Option
Sec. 63.4550 By what date must I conduct the initial compliance
demonstration?
You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.4551. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
mass of coating solids used each month and then calculate an organic
HAP emission rate at the end of the initial compliance period. The
initial compliance demonstration includes the calculations according to
Sec. 63.4551 and supporting documentation showing that during the
initial compliance period the organic HAP emission rate was equal to or
less than the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490.
Sec. 63.4551 How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the
emission limitations?
You may use the emission rate without add-on controls option for
any individual coating operation, for any group of coating operations
in the affected source, or for all the coating operations in the
affected source. You must use either the compliant material option or
the emission rate with add-on controls option for any coating operation
in the affected source for which you do not use this option. To
demonstrate initial compliance using the emission rate without add-on
controls option, the coating operation or group of coating operations
must meet the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, but is not
required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in
Sec. Sec. 63.4492 and 63.4493, respectively. You must conduct a
separate initial compliance demonstration for each general use, TPO,
automotive lamp, and assembled on-road vehicle coating operation unless
you are demonstrating compliance with a predominant activity or
facility-specific emission limit as provided in Sec. 63.4490(c). If
you are demonstrating compliance with a predominant activity or
facility-specific emission limit as provided in Sec. 63.4490(c), you
must demonstrate that all coating operations included in the
predominant activity determination or calculation of the
[[Page 21002]]
facility-specific emission limit comply with that limit. You must meet
all the requirements of this section. When calculating the organic HAP
emission rate according to this section, do not include any coatings,
thinners and/or other additives, or cleaning materials used on coating
operations for which you use the compliant material option or the
emission rate with add-on controls option. You do not need to
redetermine the mass of organic HAP in coatings, thinners and/or other
additives, or cleaning materials that have been reclaimed on-site (or
reclaimed off-site if you have documentation showing that you received
back the exact same materials that were sent off-site) and reused in
the coating operation for which you use the emission rate without add-
on controls option. If you use coatings, thinners and/or other
additives, or cleaning materials that have been reclaimed on-site, the
amount of each used in a month may be reduced by the amount of each
that is reclaimed. That is, the amount used may be calculated as the
amount consumed to account for materials that are reclaimed.
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material.
Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner
and/or other additive, and cleaning material used during each month
according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4541(a).
(b) Determine the mass fraction of coating solids. Determine the
mass fraction of coating solids (kg (lb) of coating solids per kg (lb)
of coating) for each coating used during each month according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4541(b).
(c) Determine the density of each material. Determine the density
of each liquid coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning
material used during each month from test results using ASTM Method
D1475-98, ``Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
and Related Products'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 63.14),
information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material, or
reference sources providing density or specific gravity data for pure
materials. If there is disagreement between ASTM Method D1475-98 and
other such information sources, the test results will take precedence
unless, after consultation you demonstrate to the satisfaction of the
enforcement agency that the formulation data are correct. If you
purchase materials or monitor consumption by weight instead of volume,
you do not need to determine material density. Instead, you may use the
material weight in place of the combined terms for density and volume
in Equations 1A, 1B, 1C, and 2 of this section.
(d) Determine the volume of each material used. Determine the
volume (liters) of each coating, thinner and/or other additive, and
cleaning material used during each month by measurement or usage
records. If you purchase materials or monitor consumption by weight
instead of volume, you do not need to determine the volume of each
material used. Instead, you may use the material weight in place of the
combined terms for density and volume in Equations 1A, 1B, 1C, and 2 of
this section.
(e) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions. The mass of
organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in
all coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials
used during each month minus the organic HAP in certain waste
materials. Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions using Equation 1
of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.004
Where:
He = Total mass of organic HAP emissions during the month,
kg.
A = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
kg, as calculated in Equation 1A of this section.
B = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and/or other additives
used during the month, kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of this
section.
C = Total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials used during the
month, kg, as calculated in Equation 1C of this section.
Rw = Total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or
disposal during the month, kg, determined according to paragraph (e)(4)
of this section. (You may assign a value of zero to RW if
you do not wish to use this allowance.)
(1) Calculate the kg organic HAP in the coatings used during the
month using Equation 1A of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.005
Where:
A = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month,
kg.
Volc,i = Total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
Dc,i = Density of coating, i, kg coating per liter coating.
Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg
organic HAP per kg coating. For reactive adhesives as defined in Sec.
63.4581, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is emitted as
determined using the method in appendix A to this subpart.
m = Number of different coatings used during the month.
(2) Calculate the kg of organic HAP in the thinners and/or other
additives used during the month using Equation 1B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.006
Where:
B = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and/or other additives
used during the month, kg.
Volt,j = Total volume of thinner and/or other additive, j,
used during the month, liters.
Dt,j = Density of thinner and/or other additive, j, kg per
liter.
Wt,j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner and/or other
additive, j, kg organic HAP per kg thinner and/or other additive. For
reactive adhesives as defined in Sec. 63.4581, use the mass fraction
of organic HAP that is emitted as determined using the method in
appendix A to this subpart.
n = Number of different thinners and/or other additives used during the
month.
(3) Calculate the kg organic HAP in the cleaning materials used
during the month using Equation 1C of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.007
Where:
C = Total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials used during the
month, kg.
Vols,k = Total volume of cleaning material, k, used during
the month, liters.
Ds,k = Density of cleaning material, k, kg per liter.
Ws,k = Mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning material, k,
kg organic HAP per kg material.
p = Number of different cleaning materials used during the month.
(4) If you choose to account for the mass of organic HAP contained
in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a hazardous waste
TSDF in Equation 1 of this section, then you must determine the mass
according to paragraphs (e)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section.
[[Page 21003]]
(i) You may only include waste materials in the determination that
are generated by coating operations in the affected source for which
you use Equation 1 of this section and that will be treated or disposed
of by a facility that is regulated as a TSDF under 40 CFR part 262,
264, 265, or 266. The TSDF may be either off-site or on-site. You may
not include organic HAP contained in wastewater.
(ii) You must determine either the amount of the waste materials
sent to a TSDF during the month or the amount collected and stored
during the month and designated for future transport to a TSDF. Do not
include in your determination any waste materials sent to a TSDF during
a month if you have already included them in the amount collected and
stored during that month or a previous month.
(iii) Determine the total mass of organic HAP contained in the
waste materials specified in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section.
(iv) You must document the methodology you use to determine the
amount of waste materials and the total mass of organic HAP they
contain, as required in Sec. 63.4530(g). If waste manifests include
this information, they may be used as part of the documentation of the
amount of waste materials and mass of organic HAP contained in them.
(f) Calculate the total mass of coating solids used. Determine the
total mass of coating solids used, kg, which is the combined mass of
coating solids for all the coatings used during each month, using
Equation 2 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.008
Where:
Mst = Total mass of coating solids used during the month,
kg.
Volc,i = Total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
Dc,i = Density of coating, i, kgs per liter coating,
determined according to Sec. 63.4551(c).
Ms,i = Mass fraction of coating solids for coating, i, kgs
solids per kg coating, determined according to Sec. 63.4541(b).
m = Number of coatings used during the month.
(g) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate. Calculate the organic
HAP emission rate for the compliance period, kg (lb) organic HAP
emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used, using Equation 3 of this
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.009
Where:
Hyr = Average organic HAP emission rate for the compliance
period, kg organic HAP emitted per kg coating solids used.
He = Total mass of organic HAP emissions from all materials
used during month, y, kg, as calculated by Equation 1 of this section.
Mst = Total mass of coating solids used during month, y, kg,
as calculated by Equation 2 of this section.
y = Identifier for months.
n = Number of full or partial months in the compliance period (for the
initial compliance period, n equals 12 if the compliance date falls on
the first day of a month; otherwise n equals 13; for all following
compliance periods, n equals 12).
(h) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the
initial compliance period calculated using Equation 3 of this section
must be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit for each
subcategory in Sec. 63.4490 or the predominant activity or facility-
specific emission limit allowed in Sec. 63.4490(c). You must keep all
records as required by Sec. Sec. 63.4530 and 63.4531. As part of the
notification of compliance status required by Sec. 63.4510, you must
identify the coating operation(s) for which you used the emission rate
without add-on controls option and submit a statement that the coating
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations
during the initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission
rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490, determined according to the procedures in this section.
Sec. 63.4552 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance, the organic HAP emission
rate for each compliance period, determined according to Sec.
63.4551(a) through (g), must be less than or equal to the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490. A compliance period consists of 12
months. Each month after the end of the initial compliance period
described in Sec. 63.4550 is the end of a compliance period consisting
of that month and the preceding 11 months. You must perform the
calculations in Sec. 63.4551(a) through (g) on a monthly basis using
data from the previous 12 months of operation. If you are complying
with a facility-specific emission limit under Sec. 63.4490(c), you
must also perform the calculation using Equation 1 in Sec.
63.4490(c)(2) on a monthly basis using the data from the previous 12
months of operation.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 12-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, this is
a deviation from the emission limitation for that compliance period and
must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4510(c)(6) and
63.4520(a)(6).
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by Sec.
63.4520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the emission rate without add-on controls option. If there were no
deviations from the emission limitations, you must submit a statement
that the coating operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the
emission limitations during the reporting period because the organic
HAP emission rate for each compliance period was less than or equal to
the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, determined according to
Sec. 63.4551(a) through (g).
(d) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4530
and 63.4531.
Compliance Requirements for the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls
Option
Sec. 63.4560 By what date must I conduct performance tests and other
initial compliance demonstrations?
(a) New and reconstructed affected sources. For a new or
reconstructed affected source, you must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4483. Except for solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4561(j), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to Sec. Sec. 63.4564,
63.4565, and 63.4566 and establish the operating limits required by
Sec. 63.4492 no later than 180 days after the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4483. For a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec.
63.4561(j), you must initiate the first material balance no later than
the applicable compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4493 no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.4483.
[[Page 21004]]
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.4561. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
mass of coatings solids used each month and then calculate an organic
HAP emission rate at the end of the initial compliance period. The
initial compliance demonstration includes the results of emission
capture system and add-on control device performance tests conducted
according to Sec. Sec. 63.4564, 63.4565, and 63.4566; results of
liquid-liquid material balances conducted according to Sec.
63.4561(j); calculations according to Sec. 63.4561 and supporting
documentation showing that during the initial compliance period the
organic HAP emission rate was equal to or less than the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490; the operating limits established
during the performance tests and the results of the continuous
parameter monitoring required by Sec. 63.4568; and documentation of
whether you developed and implemented the work practice plan required
by Sec. 63.4493.
(4) You do not need to comply with the operating limits for the
emission capture system and add-on control device required by Sec.
63.4492 until after you have completed the performance tests specified
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Instead, you must maintain a log
detailing the operation and maintenance of the emission capture system,
add-on control device, and continuous parameter monitors during the
period between the compliance date and the performance test. You must
begin complying with the operating limits for your affected source on
the date you complete the performance tests specified in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section. The requirements in this paragraph (a)(4) do
not apply to solvent recovery systems for which you conduct liquid-
liquid material balances according to the requirements in Sec.
63.4561(j).
(b) Existing affected sources. For an existing affected source, you
must meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section.
(1) All emission capture systems, add-on control devices, and CPMS
must be installed and operating no later than the applicable compliance
date specified in Sec. 63.4483. Except for solvent recovery systems
for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to
Sec. 63.4561(j), you must conduct a performance test of each capture
system and add-on control device according to the procedures in
Sec. Sec. 63.4564, 63.4565, and 63.4566 and establish the operating
limits required by Sec. 63.4492 no later than the compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.4483. For a solvent recovery system for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to Sec. 63.4561(j),
you must initiate the first material balance no later than the
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483.
(2) You must develop and begin implementing the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4493 no later than the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.4483.
(3) You must complete the initial compliance demonstration for the
initial compliance period according to the requirements of Sec.
63.4561. The initial compliance period begins on the applicable
compliance date specified in Sec. 63.4483 and ends on the last day of
the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date
occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial
compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next
12 months. You must determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and
mass of coatings solids used each month and then calculate an organic
HAP emission rate at the end of the initial compliance period. The
initial compliance demonstration includes the results of emission
capture system and add-on control device performance tests conducted
according to Sec. Sec. 63.4564, 63.4565, and 63.4566; results of
liquid-liquid material balances conducted according to Sec.
63.4561(j); calculations according to Sec. 63.4561 and supporting
documentation showing that during the initial compliance period the
organic HAP emission rate was equal to or less than the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490; the operating limits established
during the performance tests and the results of the continuous
parameter monitoring required by Sec. 63.4568; and documentation of
whether you developed and implemented the work practice plan required
by Sec. 63.4493.
(c) You are not required to conduct an initial performance test to
determine capture efficiency or destruction efficiency of a capture
system or control device if you receive approval to use the results of
a performance test that has been previously conducted on that capture
system or control device. Any such previous tests must meet the
conditions described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) The previous test must have been conducted using the methods
and conditions specified in this subpart.
(2) Either no process or equipment changes must have been made
since the previous test was performed, or the owner or operator must be
able to demonstrate that the results of the performance test, with or
without adjustments, reliably demonstrate compliance despite process or
equipment changes.
(3) Either the required operating parameters were established in
the previous test or sufficient data were collected in the previous
test to establish the required operating parameters.
Sec. 63.4561 How do I demonstrate initial compliance?
(a) You may use the emission rate with add-on controls option for
any coating operation, for any group of coating operations in the
affected source, or for all of the coating operations in the affected
source. You may include both controlled and uncontrolled coating
operations in a group for which you use this option. You must use
either the compliant material option or the emission rate without add-
on controls option for any coating operation in the affected source for
which you do not use the emission rate with add-on controls option. To
demonstrate initial compliance, the coating operation(s) for which you
use the emission rate with add-on controls option must meet the
applicable emission limitations in Sec. Sec. 63.4490, 63.4492, and
63.4493. You must conduct a separate initial compliance demonstration
for each general use, TPO, automotive lamp, and assembled on-road
vehicle coating operation, unless you are demonstrating compliance with
a predominant activity or facility-specific emission limit as provided
in Sec. 63.4490(c). If you are demonstrating compliance with a
predominant activity or facility-specific emission limit as provided in
Sec. 63.4490(c), you must demonstrate that all coating operations
included in the predominant activity determination or calculation of
the facility-specific emission limit comply with that limit. You must
meet all the requirements of this section. When calculating the organic
HAP emission rate according to this section, do not include any
coatings, thinners and/or other additives, or cleaning materials used
on coating operations for which you use the compliant material option
or the emission rate without add-on controls
[[Page 21005]]
option. You do not need to redetermine the mass of organic HAP in
coatings, thinners and/or other additives, or cleaning materials that
have been reclaimed onsite (or reclaimed off-site if you have
documentation showing that you received back the exact same materials
that were sent off-site) and reused in the coatings operation(s) for
which you use the emission rate with add-on controls option. If you use
coatings, thinners and/or other additives, or cleaning materials that
have been reclaimed on-site, the amount of each used in a month may be
reduced by the amount of each that is reclaimed. That is, the amount
used may be calculated as the amount consumed to account for materials
that are reclaimed.
(b) Compliance with operating limits. Except as provided in Sec.
63.4560(a)(4), and except for solvent recovery systems for which you
conduct liquid-liquid material balances according to the requirements
of paragraph (j) of this section, you must establish and demonstrate
continuous compliance during the initial compliance period with the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.4492, using the procedures
specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4567 and 63.4568.
(c) Compliance with work practice requirements. You must develop,
implement, and document your implementation of the work practice plan
required by Sec. 63.4493 during the initial compliance period, as
specified in Sec. 63.4530.
(d) Compliance with emission limits. You must follow the procedures
in paragraphs (e) through (n) of this section to demonstrate compliance
with the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490 for each affected
source in each subcategory.
(e) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP, density, volume
used, and mass fraction of coating solids. Follow the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.4551(a) through (d) to determine the mass
fraction of organic HAP, density, and volume of each coating, thinner
and/or other additive, and cleaning material used during each month;
and the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating used during
each month.
(f) Calculate the total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls. Using Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4551, calculate the total mass
of organic HAP emissions before add-on controls from all coatings,
thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials used during
each month in the coating operation or group of coating operations for
which you use the emission rate with add-on controls option.
(g) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation. Determine the mass of organic HAP
emissions reduced for each controlled coating operation during each
month. The emission reduction determination quantifies the total
organic HAP emissions that pass through the emission capture system and
are destroyed or removed by the add-on control device. Use the
procedures in paragraph (h) of this section to calculate the mass of
organic HAP emission reduction for each controlled coating operation
using an emission capture system and add-on control device other than a
solvent recovery system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material
balances. For each controlled coating operation using a solvent
recovery system for which you conduct a liquid-liquid material balance,
use the procedures in paragraph (j) of this section to calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction.
(h) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation not using liquid-liquid material balance.
Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the organic HAP emission
reduction for each controlled coating operation using an emission
capture system and add-on control device other than a solvent recovery
system for which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances. The
calculation applies the emission capture system efficiency and add-on
control device efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained in the
coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials that
are used in the coating operation served by the emission capture system
and add-on control device during each month. You must assume zero
efficiency for the emission capture system and add-on control device
for any period of time a deviation specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) or (d)
occurs in the controlled coating operation, including a deviation
during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, unless you have
other data indicating the actual efficiency of the emission capture
system and add-on control device and the use of these data is approved
by the Administrator. Equation 1 of this section treats the materials
used during such a deviation as if they were used on an uncontrolled
coating operation for the time period of the deviation.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.010
Where:
HC = Mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
AC = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg, as calculated in
Equation 1A of this section.
BC = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and/or other
additives used in the controlled coating operation during the month,
kg, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section.
CC = Total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, kg, as
calculated in Equation 1C of this section.
Rw = Total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or
designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or
disposal during the compliance period, kg, determined according to
Sec. 63.4951(e)(4). (You may assign a value of zero to Rw
if you do not wish to use this allowance.)
HUNC = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners
and/or other additives, and cleaning materials used during all
deviations specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and (d) that occurred during
the month in the controlled coating operation, kg, as calculated in
Equation 1D of this section.
CE = Capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures
specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4565 to measure and record
capture efficiency.
DRE = Organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent. Use the test methods and procedures in
Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4566 to measure and record the organic HAP
destruction or removal efficiency.
(1) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation, kg (lb), using Equation 1A of this
section:
[[Page 21006]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.011
Where:
AC = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Volc,i = Total volume of coating, i, used during the month,
liters.
Dc,i = Density of coating, i, kg per liter.
Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg per
kg. For reactive adhesives as defined in Sec. 63.4581, use the mass
fraction of organic HAP that is emitted as determined using the method
in appendix A to this subpart.
m = Number of different coatings used.
(2) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners and/or other
additives used in the controlled coating operation, kg (lb), using
Equation 1B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.012
Where:
BC = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and/or other
additives used in the controlled coating operation during the month,
kg.
Volt,j = Total volume of thinner and/or other additive, j,
used during the month, liters.
Dt,j = Density of thinner and/or other additive, j, kg per
liter.
Wt,j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner and/or other
additive, j, kg per kg. For reactive adhesives as defined in Sec.
63.4581, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is emitted as
determined using the method in appendix A to this subpart.
n = Number of different thinners and/or other additives used.
(3) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, kg (lb),
using Equation 1C of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.013
Where:
CC = Total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the controlled coating operation during the month, kg.
Vols,k = Total volume of cleaning material, k, used during
the month, liters.
Ds,k = Density of cleaning material, k, kg per liter.
Ws,k = Mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning material, k,
kg per kg.
p = Number of different cleaning materials used.
(4) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners
and/or other additives, and cleaning materials used in the controlled
coating operation during deviations specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and
(d), using Equation 1D of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.014
Where:
HUNC = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings, thinners
and/or other additives, and cleaning materials used during all
deviations specified in Sec. 63.4563(c) and (d) that occurred during
the month in the controlled coating operation, kg.
Volh = Total volume of coating, thinner and/or other
additive, or cleaning material, h, used in the controlled coating
operation during deviations, liters.
Dh = Density of coating, thinner and/or other additives, or
cleaning material, h, kg per liter.
Wh = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, thinner and/or
other additives, or cleaning material, h, kg organic HAP per kg
coating. For reactive adhesives as defined in Sec. 63.4581, use the
mass fraction of organic HAP that is emitted as determined using the
method in appendix A to this subpart.
q = Number of different coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and
cleaning materials used.
(i) [Reserved]
(j) Calculate the organic HAP emission reduction for each
controlled coating operation using liquid-liquid material balances. For
each controlled coating operation using a solvent recovery system for
which you conduct liquid-liquid material balances, calculate the
organic HAP emission reduction by applying the volatile organic matter
collection and recovery efficiency to the mass of organic HAP contained
in the coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning
materials that are used in the coating operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system during each month. Perform a liquid-liquid
material balance for each month as specified in paragraphs (j)(1)
through (6) of this section. Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission
reduction by the solvent recovery system as specified in paragraph
(j)(7) of this section.
(1) For each solvent recovery system, install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device
that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile organic matter
recovered by the solvent recovery system each month. The device must be
initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within 2.0 percent of the mass of volatile organic matter
recovered.
(2) For each solvent recovery system, determine the mass of
volatile organic matter recovered for the month, based on measurement
with the device required in paragraph (j)(1) of this section.
(3) Determine the mass fraction of volatile organic matter for each
coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material used in
the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during
the month, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating. You may determine
the volatile organic matter mass fraction using Method 24 of 40 CFR
part 60, appendix A, or an EPA approved alternative method, or you may
use information provided by the manufacturer or supplier of the
coating. In the event of any inconsistency between information provided
by the manufacturer or supplier and the results of Method 24 of 40 CFR
part 60, appendix A, or an approved alternative method, the test method
results will take precedence unless, after consultation you demonstrate
to the satisfaction of the enforcement agency that the formulation data
are correct.
(4) Determine the density of each coating, thinner and/or other
additive, and cleaning material used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, kg per
liter, according to Sec. 63.4551(c).
(5) Measure the volume of each coating, thinner and/or other
additive, and cleaning material used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, liters.
(6) Each month, calculate the solvent recovery system's volatile
organic matter collection and recovery efficiency, using Equation 2 of
this section:
[[Page 21007]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.015
Where:
RV = Volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system during the month, percent.
MVR = Mass of volatile organic matter recovered by the
solvent recovery system during the month, kg.
Voli = Volume of coating, i, used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month, liters.
Di = Density of coating, i, kg per liter.
WVc,i = Mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
coating, i, kg volatile organic matter per kg coating. For reactive
adhesives as defined in Sec. 63.4581, use the mass fraction of organic
HAP that is emitted as determined using the method in appendix A to
this subpart.
Volj = Volume of thinner and/or other additive, j, used in
the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during
the month, liters.
Dj = Density of thinner and/or other additive, j, kg per
liter.
WVt,j = Mass fraction of volatile organic matter for thinner
and/or other additive, j, kg volatile organic matter per kg thinner
and/or other additive. For reactive adhesives as defined in Sec.
63.4581, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is emitted as
determined using the method in appendix A to this subpart.
Volk = Volume of cleaning material, k, used in the coating
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month,
liters.
Dk = Density of cleaning material, k, kg per liter.
WVs,k = Mass fraction of volatile organic matter for
cleaning material, k, kg volatile organic matter per kg cleaning
material.
m = Number of different coatings used in the coating operation
controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
n = Number of different thinners and/or other additives used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month.
p = Number of different cleaning materials used in the coating
operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the month.
(7) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, using Equation 3 of this section and according to paragraphs
(j)(7)(i) through (iii) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.016
Where:
HCSR = Mass of organic HAP emission reduction for the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system using a
liquid-liquid material balance during the month, kg.
ACSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg,
calculated using Equation 3A of this section.
BCSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and/or
other additives used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system, kg, calculated using Equation 3B of this section.
CCSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery
system, kg, calculated using Equation 3C of this section.
RV = Volatile organic matter collection and recovery
efficiency of the solvent recovery system, percent, from Equation 2 of
this section.
(i) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system, kg, using
Equation 3A of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.017
Where:
ACSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the
coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system during the
month, kg.
Volc,i = Total volume of coating, i, used during the month
in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system,
liters.
Dc,i = Density of coating, i, kg per liter.
Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg
organic HAP per kg coating. For reactive adhesives as defined in Sec.
63.4581, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is emitted as
determined using the method in appendix A to this subpart.
m = Number of different coatings used.
(ii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the thinners and/or other
additives used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system, kg, using Equation 3B of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.018
Where:
BCSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and/or
other additives used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent
recovery system during the month, kg.
Volt,j = Total volume of thinner and/or other additive, j,
used during the month in the coating operation controlled by the
solvent recovery system, liters.
Dt,j = Density of thinner and/or other additive, j, kg per
liter.
Wt,j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner and/or other
additive, j, kg organic HAP per kg thinner and/or other additive. For
reactive adhesives as defined in Sec. 63.4581, use the mass fraction
of organic HAP that is emitted as determined using the method in
appendix A to this subpart.
n = Number of different thinners and/or other additives used.
(iii) Calculate the mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the month, kg, using Equation 3C of this section:
[[Page 21008]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.019
Where:
CCSR = Total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials
used in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery system
during the month, kg.
Vols,k = Total volume of cleaning material, k, used during
the month in the coating operation controlled by the solvent recovery
system, liters.
Ds,k = Density of cleaning material, k, kg per liter.
Ws,k = Mass fraction of organic HAP in cleaning material, k,
kg organic HAP per kg cleaning material.
p = Number of different cleaning materials used.
(k) Calculate the total mass of coating solids used. Determine the
total mass of coating solids used, kg, which is the combined mass of
coating solids for all the coatings used during each month in the
coating operation or group of coating operations for which you use the
emission rate with add-on controls option, using Equation 2 of Sec.
63.4551.
(l) Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions for each month.
Determine the mass of organic HAP emissions, kg, during each month,
using Equation 4 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.020
Where:
HHAP = Total mass of organic HAP emissions for the month,
kg.
He = Total mass of organic HAP emissions before add-on
controls from all the coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and
cleaning materials used during the month, kg, determined according to
paragraph (f) of this section.
HC,i = Total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
controlled coating operation, i, not using a liquid-liquid material
balance, during the month, kg, from Equation 1 of this section.
HCSR,j = Total mass of organic HAP emission reduction for
coating operation, j, controlled by a solvent recovery system using a
liquid-liquid material balance, during the month, kg, from Equation 3
of this section.
q = Number of controlled coating operations not controlled by a solvent
recovery system using a liquid-liquid material balance.
r = Number of coating operations controlled by a solvent recovery
system using a liquid-liquid material balance.
(m) Calculate the organic HAP emission rate for the compliance
period. Determine the organic HAP emission rate for the compliance
period, kg (lb) of organic HAP emitted per kg (lb) coating solids used,
using Equation 5 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.021
Where:
Hannual = Organic HAP emission rate for the compliance
period, kg organic HAP emitted per kg coating solids used.
HHAP,y = Organic HAP emissions for month, y, kg, determined
according to Equation 4 of this section.
Mst,y = Total mass of coating solids used during month, y,
kg, from Equation 2 of Sec. 63.4551.
y = Identifier for months.
n = Number of full or partial months in the compliance period (for the
initial compliance period, n equals 12 if the compliance date falls on
the first day of a month; otherwise n equals 13; for all following
compliance periods, n equals 12).
(n) Compliance demonstration. The organic HAP emission rate for the
initial compliance period, calculated using Equation 5 of this section,
must be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit for each
subcategory in Sec. 63.4490 or the predominant activity or facility-
specific emission limit allowed in Sec. 63.4490(c). You must keep all
records as required by Sec. Sec. 63.4530 and 63.4531. As part of the
notification of compliance status required by Sec. 63.4510, you must
identify the coating operation(s) for which you used the emission rate
with add-on controls option and submit a statement that the coating
operation(s) was (were) in compliance with the emission limitations
during the initial compliance period because the organic HAP emission
rate was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490, and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec.
63.4492 and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4493.
Sec. 63.4562 [Reserved]
Sec. 63.4563 How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the
emission limitations?
(a) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable
emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, the organic HAP emission rate for each
compliance period, determined according to the procedures in Sec.
63.4561, must be equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in
Sec. 63.4490. A compliance period consists of 12 months. Each month
after the end of the initial compliance period described in Sec.
63.4560 is the end of a compliance period consisting of that month and
the preceding 11 months. You must perform the calculations in Sec.
63.4561 on a monthly basis using data from the previous 12 months of
operation. If you are complying with a facility-specific emission limit
under Sec. 63.4490(c), you must also perform the calculation using
Equation 1 in Sec. 63.4490(c)(2) on a monthly basis using the data
from the previous 12 months of operation.
(b) If the organic HAP emission rate for any 12-month compliance
period exceeded the applicable emission limit in Sec. 63.4490, this is
a deviation from the emission limitation for that compliance period
that must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4510(c)(6) and
63.4520(a)(7).
(c) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with each operating
limit required by Sec. 63.4492 that applies to you, as specified in
Table 1 to this subpart, when the coating line is in operation.
(1) If an operating parameter is out of the allowed range specified
in Table 1 to this subpart, this is a deviation from the operating
limit that must be reported as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4510(c)(6)
and 63.4520(a)(7).
(2) If an operating parameter deviates from the operating limit
specified in Table 1 to this subpart, then you must assume that the
emission capture system and add-on control device were achieving zero
efficiency during the time period of the deviation, unless you have
other data indicating the actual efficiency of the emission capture
system and add-on control device and the use of these data is approved
by the Administrator.
[[Page 21009]]
(d) You must meet the requirements for bypass lines in Sec.
63.4568(b) for controlled coating operations for which you do not
conduct liquid-liquid material balances. If any bypass line is opened
and emissions are diverted to the atmosphere when the coating operation
is running, this is a deviation that must be reported as specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.4510(c)(6) and 63.4520(a)(7). For the purposes of
completing the compliance calculations specified in Sec. Sec.
63.4561(h), you must treat the materials used during a deviation on a
controlled coating operation as if they were used on an uncontrolled
coating operation for the time period of the deviation as indicated in
Equation 1 of Sec. 63.4561.
(e) You must demonstrate continuous compliance with the work
practice standards in Sec. 63.4493. If you did not develop a work
practice plan, or you did not implement the plan, or you did not keep
the records required by Sec. 63.4530(i)(8), this is a deviation from
the work practice standards that must be reported as specified in
Sec. Sec. 63.4510(c)(6) and 63.4520(a)(7).
(f) As part of each semiannual compliance report required in Sec.
63.4520, you must identify the coating operation(s) for which you used
the emission rate with add-on controls option. If there were no
deviations from the emission limitations, submit a statement that you
were in compliance with the emission limitations during the reporting
period because the organic HAP emission rate for each compliance period
was less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in Sec.
63.4490, and you achieved the operating limits required by Sec.
63.4492 and the work practice standards required by Sec. 63.4493
during each compliance period.
(g) During periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction of the
emission capture system, add-on control device, or coating operation
that may affect emission capture or control device efficiency, you must
operate in accordance with the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan
required by Sec. 63.4500(c).
(h)-(i) [Reserved]
(j) You must maintain records as specified in Sec. Sec. 63.4530
and 63.4531.
Sec. 63.4564 What are the general requirements for performance tests?
(a) You must conduct each performance test required by Sec.
63.4560 according to the requirements in Sec. 63.7(e)(1) and under the
conditions in this section, unless you obtain a waiver of the
performance test according to the provisions in Sec. 63.7(h).
(1) Representative coating operation operating conditions. You must
conduct the performance test under representative operating conditions
for the coating operation. Operations during periods of startup,
shutdown, or malfunction and during periods of nonoperation do not
constitute representative conditions. You must record the process
information that is necessary to document operating conditions during
the test and explain why the conditions represent normal operation.
(2) Representative emission capture system and add-on control
device operating conditions. You must conduct the performance test when
the emission capture system and add-on control device are operating at
a representative flow rate, and the add-on control device is operating
at a representative inlet concentration. You must record information
that is necessary to document emission capture system and add-on
control device operating conditions during the test and explain why the
conditions represent normal operation.
(b) You must conduct each performance test of an emission capture
system according to the requirements in Sec. 63.4565. You must conduct
each performance test of an add-on control device according to the
requirements in Sec. 63.4566.
Sec. 63.4565 How do I determine the emission capture system
efficiency?
You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine capture efficiency as part of the performance test required
by Sec. 63.4560.
(a) Assuming 100 percent capture efficiency. You may assume the
capture system efficiency is 100 percent if both of the conditions in
paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section are met:
(1) The capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 of appendix
M to 40 CFR part 51 for a PTE and directs all the exhaust gases from
the enclosure to an add-on control device.
(2) All coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning
materials used in the coating operation are applied within the capture
system; coating solvent flash-off, curing, and drying occurs within the
capture system; and the removal or evaporation of cleaning materials
from the surfaces they are applied to occurs within the capture system.
For example, this criterion is not met if parts enter the open shop
environment when being moved between a spray booth and a curing oven.
(b) Measuring capture efficiency. If the capture system does not
meet both of the criteria in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section,
then you must use one of the three protocols described in paragraphs
(c), (d), and (e) of this section to measure capture efficiency. The
capture efficiency measurements use TVH capture efficiency as a
surrogate for organic HAP capture efficiency. For the protocols in
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, the capture efficiency
measurement must consist of three test runs. Each test run must be at
least 3 hours duration or the length of a production run, whichever is
longer, up to 8 hours. For the purposes of this test, a production run
means the time required for a single part to go from the beginning to
the end of the production, which includes surface preparation
activities and drying and curing time.
(c) Liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol using a temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure. The liquid-to-uncaptured-gas protocol
compares the mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the coating
operation to the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the emission
capture system. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure
and the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section to
measure emission capture system efficiency using the liquid-to-
uncaptured-gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings, thinners and/or other
additives, and cleaning materials are applied, and all areas where
emissions from these applied coatings and materials subsequently occur,
such as flash-off, curing, and drying areas. The areas of the coating
operation where capture devices collect emissions for routing to an
add-on control device, such as the entrance and exit areas of an oven
or spray booth, must also be inside the enclosure. The enclosure must
meet the applicable definition of a temporary total enclosure or
building enclosure in Method 204 of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204A or 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
determine the mass fraction of TVH liquid input from each coating,
thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material used in the
coating operation during each capture efficiency test run. To make the
determination, substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term volatile
organic compounds (VOC) in the methods.
(3) Use Equation 1 of this section to calculate the total mass of
TVH liquid input from all the coatings, thinners and/or other
additives, and cleaning
[[Page 21010]]
materials used in the coating operation during each capture efficiency
test run:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.022
Where:
TVHused = Mass of liquid TVH in materials used in the
coating operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVHi = Mass fraction of TVH in coating, thinner and/or other
additive, or cleaning material, i, that is used in the coating
operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg TVH per kg
material.
Voli = Total volume of coating, thinner and/or other
additive, or cleaning material, i, used in the coating operation during
the capture efficiency test run, liters.
Di = Density of coating, thinner and/or other additive, or
cleaning material, i, kg material per liter material.
n = Number of different coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and
cleaning materials used in the coating operation during the capture
efficiency test run.
(4) Use Method 204D or 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by
the emission capture system. They are measured as they exit the
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture
efficiency test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each
occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a temporary total enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR 51 if the enclosure is
a building enclosure. During the capture efficiency measurement, all
organic compound emitting operations inside the building enclosure,
other than the coating operation for which capture efficiency is being
determined, must be shut down, but all fans and blowers must be
operating normally.
(5) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 2 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.023
Where:
CE = Capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVHused = Total mass of TVH liquid input used in the coating
operation during the capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVHuncaptured = Total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
kg.
(6) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(d) Gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or a
building enclosure. The gas-to-gas protocol compares the mass of TVH
emissions captured by the emission capture system to the mass of TVH
emissions not captured. Use a temporary total enclosure or a building
enclosure and the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this
section to measure emission capture system efficiency using the gas-to-
gas protocol.
(1) Either use a building enclosure or construct an enclosure
around the coating operation where coatings, thinners and/or other
additives, and cleaning materials are applied, and all areas where
emissions from these applied coatings and materials subsequently occur,
such as flash-off, curing, and drying areas. The areas of the coating
operation where capture devices collect emissions generated by the
coating operation for routing to an add-on control device, such as the
entrance and exit areas of an oven or a spray booth, must also be
inside the enclosure. The enclosure must meet the applicable definition
of a temporary total enclosure or building enclosure in Method 204 of
appendix M to 40 CFR part 51.
(2) Use Method 204B or 204C of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions captured by the emission
capture system during each capture efficiency test run as measured at
the inlet to the add-on control device. To make the measurement,
substitute TVH for each occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) The sampling points for the Method 204B or 204C measurement
must be upstream from the add-on control device and must represent
total emissions routed from the capture system and entering the add-on
control device.
(ii) If multiple emission streams from the capture system enter the
add-on control device without a single common duct, then the emissions
entering the add-on control device must be simultaneously measured in
each duct and the total emissions entering the add-on control device
must be determined.
(3) Use Method 204D or 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to
measure the total mass, kg, of TVH emissions that are not captured by
the emission capture system; they are measured as they exit the
temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture
efficiency test run. To make the measurement, substitute TVH for each
occurrence of the term VOC in the methods.
(i) Use Method 204D of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a temporary total enclosure.
(ii) Use Method 204E of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 if the
enclosure is a building enclosure. During the capture efficiency
measurement, all organic compound emitting operations inside the
building enclosure, other than the coating operation for which capture
efficiency is being determined, must be shut down, but all fans and
blowers must be operating normally.
(4) For each capture efficiency test run, determine the percent
capture efficiency of the emission capture system using Equation 3 of
this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.024
[[Page 21011]]
Where:
CE = Capture efficiency of the emission capture system vented to the
add-on control device, percent.
TVHcaptured = Total mass of TVH captured by the emission
capture system as measured at the inlet to the add-on control device
during the emission capture efficiency test run, kg.
TVHuncaptured = Total mass of TVH that is not captured by
the emission capture system and that exits from the temporary total
enclosure or building enclosure during the capture efficiency test run,
kg.
(5) Determine the capture efficiency of the emission capture system
as the average of the capture efficiencies measured in the three test
runs.
(e) Alternative capture efficiency protocol. As an alternative to
the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section and
subject to the approval of the Administrator, you may determine capture
efficiency using any other capture efficiency protocol and test methods
that satisfy the criteria of either the DQO or LCL approach as
described in appendix A to subpart KK of this part.
Sec. 63.4566 How do I determine the add-on control device emission
destruction or removal efficiency?
You must use the procedures and test methods in this section to
determine the add-on control device emission destruction or removal
efficiency as part of the performance test required by Sec. 63.4560.
You must conduct three test runs as specified in Sec. 63.7(e)(3) and
each test run must last at least 1 hour.
(a) For all types of add-on control devices, use the test methods
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Use Method 1 or 1A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, to select sampling sites and velocity traverse points.
(2) Use Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G of appendix A to 40 CFR
part 60, as appropriate, to measure gas volumetric flow rate.
(3) Use Method 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, as
appropriate, for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight.
(4) Use Method 4 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, to determine
stack gas moisture.
(5) Methods for determining gas volumetric flow rate, dry molecular
weight, and stack gas moisture must be performed, as applicable, during
each test run.
(b) Measure total gaseous organic mass emissions as carbon at the
inlet and outlet of the add-on control device simultaneously, using
either Method 25 or 25A of appendix A to 40 CFR part 60.
(1) Use Method 25 if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be more
than 50 parts per million (ppm) at the control device outlet.
(2) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is an oxidizer and
you expect the total gaseous organic concentration as carbon to be 50
ppm or less at the control device outlet.
(3) Use Method 25A if the add-on control device is not an oxidizer.
(c) If two or more add-on control devices are used for the same
emission stream, then you must measure emissions at the outlet to the
atmosphere of each device. For example, if one add-on control device is
a concentrator with an outlet to the atmosphere for the high-volume
dilute stream that has been treated by the concentrator, and a second
add-on control device is an oxidizer with an outlet to the atmosphere
for the low-volume concentrated stream that is treated with the
oxidizer, you must measure emissions at the outlet of the oxidizer and
the high volume dilute stream outlet of the concentrator.
(d) For each test run, determine the total gaseous organic
emissions mass flow rates for the inlet and the outlet of the add-on
control device, using Equation 1 of this section. If there is more than
one inlet or outlet to the add-on control device, you must calculate
the total gaseous organic mass flow rate using Equation 1 of this
section for each inlet and each outlet and then total all of the inlet
emissions and total all of the outlet emissions:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.025
Where:
Mf = Total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate, kg/per
hour (h).
Cc = Concentration of organic compounds as carbon in the
vent gas, as determined by Method 25 or Method 25A, parts per million
by volume (ppmv), dry basis.
Qsd = Volumetric flow rate of gases entering or exiting the
add-on control device, as determined by Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or
2G, dry standard cubic meters/hour (dscm/h).
0.0416 = Conversion factor for molar volume, kg-moles per cubic meter
(e) For each test run, determine the add-on control device organic
emissions destruction or removal efficiency, using Equation 2 of this
section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR19AP04.026
Where:
DRE = Organic emissions destruction or removal efficiency of the add-on
control device, percent.
Mfi = Total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
inlet(s) to the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
Mfo = Total gaseous organic emissions mass flow rate at the
outlet(s) of the add-on control device, using Equation 1 of this
section, kg/h.
(f) Determine the emission destruction or removal efficiency of the
add-on control device as the average of the efficiencies determined in
the three test runs and calculated in Equation 2 of this section.
Sec. 63.4567 How do I establish the emission capture system and add-
on control device operating limits during the performance test?
During the performance test required by Sec. 63.4560 and described
in Sec. Sec. 63.4564, 63.4565, and 63.4566, you must establish the
operating limits required by Sec. 63.4492 according to this section,
unless you have received approval for alternative monitoring and
operating limits under Sec. 63.8(f) as specified in Sec. 63.4492.
(a) Thermal oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a thermal
oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (a)(1)
and (2) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
combustion temperature at least once every 15 minutes during each of
the three test runs. You must monitor the temperature in the firebox of
the thermal oxidizer or immediately downstream of the firebox before
any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average combustion temperature maintained during the
performance test. This average combustion temperature is the minimum
operating limit for your thermal oxidizer.
(b) Catalytic oxidizers. If your add-on control device is a
catalytic oxidizer, establish the operating limits according to either
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) or paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
temperature just before the catalyst bed and the temperature difference
across the catalyst bed at least once every 15
[[Page 21012]]
minutes during each of the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature just before the catalyst bed and the
average temperature difference across the catalyst bed maintained
during the performance test. These are the minimum operating limits for
your catalytic oxidizer.
(3) You must monitor the temperature at the inlet to the catalyst
bed and implement a site-specific inspection and maintenance plan for
your catalytic oxidizer as specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this
section. During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
temperature just before the catalyst bed at least once every 15 minutes
during each of the three test runs. Use the data collected during the
performance test to calculate and record the average temperature just
before the catalyst bed during the performance test. This is the
minimum operating limit for your catalytic oxidizer.
(4) You must develop and implement an inspection and maintenance
plan for your catalytic oxidizer(s) for which you elect to monitor
according to paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The plan must address,
at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through
(iii) of this section.
(i) Annual sampling and analysis of the catalyst activity (i.e.,
conversion efficiency) following the manufacturer's or catalyst
supplier's recommended procedures. If problems are found during the
catalyst activity test, you must replace the catalyst bed or take other
corrective action consistent with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(ii) Monthly external inspection of the catalytic oxidizer system,
including the burner assembly and fuel supply lines for problems and,
as necessary, adjust the equipment to assure proper air-to-fuel
mixtures.
(iii) Annual internal inspection of the catalyst bed to check for
channeling, abrasion, and settling. If problems are found during the
annual internal inspection of the catalyst, you must replace the
catalyst bed or take other corrective action consistent with the
manufacturer's recommendations. If the catalyst bed is replaced and is
not of like or better kind and quality as the old catalyst then you
must conduct a new performance test to determine destruction efficiency
according to Sec. 63.4566. If a catalyst bed is replaced and the
replacement catalyst is of like or better kind and quality as the old
catalyst, then a new performance test to determine destruction
efficiency is not required and you may continue to use the previously
established operating limits for that catalytic oxidizer.
(c) Regenerative carbon adsorbers. If your add-on control device is
a regenerative carbon adsorber, establish the operating limits
according to paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) You must monitor and record the total regeneration desorbing
gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each regeneration cycle,
and the carbon bed temperature after each carbon bed regeneration and
cooling cycle for the regeneration cycle either immediately preceding
or immediately following the performance test.
(2) The operating limits for your regenerative carbon adsorber are
the minimum total desorbing gas mass flow recorded during the
regeneration cycle and the maximum carbon bed temperature recorded
after the cooling cycle.
(d) Condensers. If your add-on control device is a condenser,
establish the operating limits according to paragraphs (d)(1) and (2)
of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three test runs.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature
maintained during the performance test. This average condenser outlet
gas temperature is the maximum operating limit for your condenser.
(e) Concentrators. If your add-on control device includes a
concentrator, you must establish operating limits for the concentrator
according to paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
desorption concentrate stream gas temperature at least once every 15
minutes during each of the three runs of the performance test.
(2) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average temperature. This is the minimum operating limit
for the desorption concentrate gas stream temperature.
(3) During the performance test, you must monitor and record the
pressure drop of the dilute stream across the concentrator at least
once every 15 minutes during each of the three runs of the performance
test.
(4) Use the data collected during the performance test to calculate
and record the average pressure drop. This is the minimum operating
limit for the dilute stream across the concentrator.
(f) Emission capture systems. For each capture device that is not
part of a PTE that meets the criteria of Sec. 63.4565(a), establish an
operating limit for either the gas volumetric flow rate or duct static
pressure, as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
The operating limit for a PTE is specified in Table 1 to this subpart.
(1) During the capture efficiency determination required by Sec.
63.4560 and described in Sec. Sec. 63.4564 and 63.4565, you must
monitor and record either the gas volumetric flow rate or the duct
static pressure for each separate capture device in your emission
capture system at least once every 15 minutes during each of the three
test runs at a point in the duct between the capture device and the
add-on control device inlet.
(2) Calculate and record the average gas volumetric flow rate or
duct static pressure for the three test runs for each capture device.
This average gas volumetric flow rate or duct static pressure is the
minimum operating limit for that specific capture device.
Sec. 63.4568 What are the requirements for continuous parameter
monitoring system installation, operation, and maintenance?
(a) General. You must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS
specified in paragraphs (c), (e), (f), and (g) of this section
according to paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section. You must
install, operate, and maintain each CPMS specified in paragraphs (b)
and (d) of this section according to paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) of
this section.
(1) The CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for
each successive 15-minute period. You must have a minimum of four
equally spaced successive cycles of CPMS operation in 1 hour.
(2) You must determine the average of all recorded readings for
each successive 3-hour period of the emission capture system and add-on
control device operation.
(3) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration,
and validation check of the CPMS.
(4) You must maintain the CPMS at all times and have available
necessary parts for routine repairs of the monitoring equipment.
(5) You must operate the CPMS and collect emission capture system
and add-on control device parameter data at all times that a controlled
coating operation is operating, except during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control
activities (including, if applicable, calibration checks and required
zero and span adjustments).
[[Page 21013]]
(6) You must not use emission capture system or add-on control
device parameter data recorded during monitoring malfunctions,
associated repairs, out-of-control periods, or required quality
assurance or control activities when calculating data averages. You
must use all the data collected during all other periods in calculating
the data averages for determining compliance with the emission capture
system and add-on control device operating limits.
(7) A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not
reasonably preventable failure of the CPMS to provide valid data.
Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or
careless operation are not malfunctions. Any period for which the
monitoring system is out-of-control and data are not available for
required calculations is a deviation from the monitoring requirements.
(b) Capture system bypass line. You must meet the requirements of
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section for each emission capture
system that contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from
the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(1) You must monitor or secure the valve or closure mechanism
controlling the bypass line in a nondiverting position in such a way
that the valve or closure mechanism cannot be opened without creating a
record that the valve was opened. The method used to monitor or secure
the valve or closure mechanism must meet one of the requirements
specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
(i) Flow control position indicator. Install, calibrate, maintain,
and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow
control position indicator that takes a reading at least once every 15
minutes and provides a record indicating whether the emissions are
directed to the add-on control device or diverted from the add-on
control device. The time of occurrence and flow control position must
be recorded, as well as every time the flow direction is changed. The
flow control position indicator must be installed at the entrance to
any bypass line that could divert the emissions away from the add-on
control device to the atmosphere.
(ii) Car-seal or lock-and-key valve closures. Secure any bypass
line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key
type configuration. You must visually inspect the seal or closure
mechanism at least once every month to ensure that the valve is
maintained in the closed position, and the emissions are not diverted
away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere.
(iii) Valve closure monitoring. Ensure that any bypass line valve
is in the closed (nondiverting) position through monitoring of valve
position at least once every 15 minutes. You must inspect the
monitoring system at least once every month to verify that the monitor
will indicate valve position.
(iv) Automatic shutdown system. Use an automatic shutdown system in
which the coating operation is stopped when flow is diverted by the
bypass line away from the add-on control device to the atmosphere when
the coating operation is running. You must inspect the automatic
shutdown system at least once every month to verify that it will detect
diversions of flow and shut down the coating operation.
(v) Flow direction indicator. Install, calibrate, maintain, and
operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow direction
indicator that takes a reading at least once every 15 minutes and
provides a record indicating whether the emissions are directed to the
add-on control device or diverted from the add-on control device. Each
time the flow direction changes, the next reading of the time of
occurrence and flow direction must be recorded. The flow direction
indicator must be installed in each bypass line or air makeup supply
line that could divert the emissions away from the add-on control
device to the atmosphere.
(2) If any bypass line is opened, you must include a description of
why the bypass line was opened and the length of time it remained open
in the semiannual compliance reports required in Sec. 63.4520.
(c) Thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers. If you are using a
thermal oxidizer or catalytic oxidizer as an add-on control device
(including those used with concentrators or with carbon adsorbers to
treat desorbed concentrate streams), you must comply with the
requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) For a thermal oxidizer, install a gas temperature monitor in
the firebox of the thermal oxidizer or in the duct immediately
downstream of the firebox before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(2) For a catalytic oxidizer, install gas temperature monitors
upstream and/or downstream of the catalyst bed as required in Sec.
63.3967(b).
(3) For all thermal oxidizers and catalytic oxidizers, you must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (c)(3)(i) through (v) of
this section for each gas temperature monitoring device.
(i) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a
representative temperature.
(ii) Use a temperature sensor with a measurement sensitivity of 5
degrees Fahrenheit or 1.0 percent of the temperature value, whichever
is larger.
(iii) Before using the sensor for the first time or when relocating
or replacing the sensor, perform a validation check by comparing the
sensor output to a calibrated temperature measurement device or by
comparing the sensor output to a simulated temperature.
(iv) Conduct an accuracy audit every quarter and after every
deviation. Accuracy audit methods include comparisons of sensor output
to redundant temperature sensors, to calibrated temperature measurement
devices, or to temperature simulation devices.
(v) Conduct a visual inspection of each sensor every quarter if
redundant temperature sensors are not used.
(d) Regenerative carbon adsorbers. If you are using a regenerative
carbon adsorber as an add-on control device, you must monitor the total
regeneration desorbing gas (e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for each
regeneration cycle, the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration
and cooling cycle, and comply with paragraphs (a)(3) through (5) and
(d)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) The regeneration desorbing gas mass flow monitor must be an
integrating device having a measurement sensitivity of plus or minus 10
percent capable of recording the total regeneration desorbing gas mass
flow for each regeneration cycle.
(2) The carbon bed temperature monitor must be capable of recording
the temperature within 15 minutes of completing any carbon bed cooling
cycle.
(3) For all regenerative carbon adsorbers, you must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (v) of this section for
each temperature monitoring device.
(e) Condensers. If you are using a condenser, you must monitor the
condenser outlet (product side) gas temperature and comply with
paragraphs (a) and (e)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The temperature monitor must provide a gas temperature record
at least once every 15 minutes.
(2) For all condensers, you must meet the requirements in
paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (v) of this section for each temperature
monitoring device.
(f) Concentrators. If you are using a concentrator, such as a
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed concentrator, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
[[Page 21014]]
(1) You must install a temperature monitor in the desorption gas
stream. The temperature monitor must meet the requirements in
paragraphs (a) and (c)(3) of this section.
(2) You must install a device to monitor pressure drop across the
zeolite wheel or rotary carbon bed. The pressure monitoring device must
meet the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(2) of this section.
(g) Emission capture systems. The capture system monitoring system
must comply with the applicable requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) and
(2) of this section.
(1) For each flow measurement device, you must meet the
requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(1)(i) through (vii) of this
section.
(i) Locate a flow sensor in a position that provides a
representative flow measurement in the duct from each capture device in
the emission capture system to the add-on control device.
(ii) Use a flow sensor with an accuracy of at least 10 percent of
the flow.
(iii) Perform an initial sensor calibration in accordance with the
manufacturer's requirements.
(iv) Perform a validation check before initial use or upon
relocation or replacement of a sensor. Validation checks include
comparison of sensor values with electronic signal simulations or via
relative accuracy testing.
(v) Conduct an accuracy audit every quarter and after every
deviation. Accuracy audit methods include comparisons of sensor values
with electronic signal simulations or via relative accuracy testing.
(vi) Perform leak checks monthly.
(vii) Perform visual inspections of the sensor system quarterly if
there is no redundant sensor.
(2) For each pressure drop measurement device, you must comply with
the requirements in paragraphs (a) and (g)(2)(i) through (vii) of this
section.
(i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close to a position that
provides a representative measurement of the pressure drop across each
opening you are monitoring.
(ii) Use a pressure sensor with an accuracy of at least 0.5 inches
of water column or 5 percent of the measured value, whichever is
larger.
(iii) Perform an initial calibration of the sensor according to the
manufacturer's requirements.
(iv) Conduct a validation check before initial operation or upon
relocation or replacement of a sensor. Validation checks include
comparison of sensor values to calibrated pressure measurement devices
or to pressure simulation using calibrated pressure sources.
(v) Conduct accuracy audits every quarter and after every
deviation. Accuracy audits include comparison of sensor values to
calibrated pressure measurement devices or to pressure simulation using
calibrated pressure sources.
(vi) Perform monthly leak checks on pressure connections. A
pressure of at least 1.0 inches of water column to the connection must
yield a stable sensor result for at least 15 seconds.
(vii) Perform a visual inspection of the sensor at least monthly if
there is no redundant sensor.
Other Requirements and Information
Sec. 63.4580 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or a delegated authority such as
your State, local, or tribal agency. If the Administrator has delegated
authority to your State, local, or tribal agency, then that agency (as
well as the EPA) has the authority to implement and enforce this
subpart. You should contact your EPA Regional Office to find out if
implementation and enforcement of this subpart is delegated to your
State, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this
part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are
retained by the Administrator and are not transferred to the State,
local, or tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this
section:
(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in Sec. Sec.
63.4481 through 4483 and Sec. Sec. 63.4490 through 4493.
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under Sec.
63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec.
63.8(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting
under Sec. 63.10(f) and as defined in Sec. 63.90.
Sec. 63.4581 What definitions apply to this subpart?
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in 40 CFR 63.2,
and in this section as follows:
Additive means a material that is added to a coating after purchase
from a supplier (e.g., catalysts, activators, accelerators).
Add-on control means an air pollution control device, such as a
thermal oxidizer or carbon adsorber, that reduces pollution in an air
stream by destruction or removal before discharge to the atmosphere.
Adhesive, adhesive coating means any chemical substance that is
applied for the purpose of bonding two surfaces together. Products used
on humans and animals, adhesive tape, contact paper, or any other
product with an adhesive incorporated onto or in an inert substrate
shall not be considered adhesives under this subpart.
Assembled on-road vehicle coating means any coating operation in
which coating is applied to the surface of some component or surface of
a fully assembled motor vehicle or trailer intended for on-road use
including, but not limited to, components or surfaces on automobiles
and light-duty trucks that have been repaired after a collision or
otherwise repainted, fleet delivery trucks, and motor homes and other
recreational vehicles (including camping trailers and fifth wheels).
Assembled on-road vehicle coating includes the concurrent coating of
parts of the assembled on-road vehicle that are painted off-vehicle to
protect systems, equipment, or to allow full coverage. Assembled on-
road vehicle coating does not include surface coating operations that
meet the applicability criteria of the Automobiles and Light-Duty
Trucks NESHAP. Assembled on-road vehicle coating also does not include
the use of adhesives, sealants, and caulks used in assembling on-road
vehicles.
Automotive lamp coating means any coating operation in which
coating is applied to the surface of some component of the body of an
exterior automotive lamp, including the application of reflective
argent coatings and clear topcoats. Exterior automotive lamps include
head lamps, tail lamps, turn signals, brake lights, and side marker
lights. Automotive lamp coating does not include any coating operation
performed on an assembled on-road vehicle.
Capture device means a hood, enclosure, room, floor sweep, or other
means of containing or collecting emissions and directing those
emissions into an add-on air pollution control device.
Capture efficiency or capture system efficiency means the portion
(expressed as a percentage) of the pollutants from an emission source
that is delivered to an add-on control device.
[[Page 21015]]
Capture system means one or more capture devices intended to
collect emissions generated by a coating operation in the use of
coatings or cleaning materials, both at the point of application and at
subsequent points where emissions from the coatings and cleaning
materials occur, such as flashoff, drying, or curing. As used in this
subpart, multiple capture devices that collect emissions generated by a
coating operation are considered a single capture system.
Cleaning material means a solvent used to remove contaminants and
other materials, such as dirt, grease, oil, and dried or wet coating
(e.g., depainting), from a substrate before or after coating
application or from equipment associated with a coating operation, such
as spray booths, spray guns, racks, tanks, and hangers. Thus, it
includes any cleaning material used on substrates or equipment or both.
Coating means a material applied to a substrate for decorative,
protective, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not
limited to, paints, sealants, liquid plastic coatings, caulks, inks,
adhesives, and maskants. Decorative, protective, or functional
materials that consist only of protective oils for metal, acids, bases,
or any combination of these substances, or paper film or plastic film
which may be pre-coated with an adhesive by the film manufacturer, are
not considered coatings for the purposes of this subpart. A liquid
plastic coating means a coating made from fine particle-size polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) in solution (also referred to as a plastisol).
Coating operation means equipment used to apply cleaning materials
to a substrate to prepare it for coating application (surface
preparation) or to remove dried coating; to apply coating to a
substrate (coating application) and to dry or cure the coating after
application; or to clean coating operation equipment (equipment
cleaning). A single coating operation may include any combination of
these types of equipment, but always includes at least the point at
which a given quantity of coating or cleaning material is applied to a
given part and all subsequent points in the affected source where
organic HAP are emitted from the specific quantity of coating or
cleaning material on the specific part. There may be multiple coating
operations in an affected source. Coating application with handheld,
non-refillable aerosol containers, touch-up markers, or marking pens is
not a coating operation for the purposes of this subpart.
Coatings solids means the nonvolatile portion of the coating that
makes up the dry film.
Continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) means the total
equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and
availability requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition
(if applicable), analyze, and provide a record of coating operation, or
capture system, or add-on control device parameters.
Controlled coating operation means a coating operation from which
some or all of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to
this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this
subpart including but not limited to, any emission limit or operating
limit or work practice standard;
(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to
implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is
included in the operating permit for any affected source required to
obtain such a permit; or
(3) Fails to meet any emission limit, or operating limit, or work
practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or
malfunction, regardless of whether or not such failure is permitted by
this subpart.
Emission limitation means the aggregate of all requirements
associated with a compliance option including emission limit, operating
limit, work practice standard, etc.
Enclosure means a structure that surrounds a source of emissions
and captures and directs the emissions to an add-on control device.
Exempt compound means a specific compound that is not considered a
VOC due to negligible photochemical reactivity. The exempt compounds
are listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Facility maintenance means the routine repair or renovation
(including the surface coating) of the tools, equipment, machinery, and
structures that comprise the infrastructure of the affected facility
and that are necessary for the facility to function in its intended
capacity.
General use coating means any coating operation that is not an
automotive lamp, TPO, or assembled on-road vehicle coating operation.
Hobby shop means any surface coating operation, located at an
affected source, that is used exclusively for personal, noncommercial
purposes by the affected source's employees or assigned personnel.
Manufacturer's formulation data means data on a material (such as a
coating) that are supplied by the material manufacturer based on
knowledge of the ingredients used to manufacture that material, rather
than based on testing of the material with the test methods specified
in Sec. 63.4541. Manufacturer's formulation data may include, but are
not limited to, information on density, organic HAP content, volatile
organic matter content, and coating solids content.
Mass fraction of coating solids means the ratio of the mass of
solids (also known as the mass of nonvolatiles) to the mass of a
coating in which it is contained; kg of coating solids per kg of
coating.
Mass fraction of organic HAP means the ratio of the mass of organic
HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as kg
of organic HAP per kg of material.
Month means a calendar month or a pre-specified period of 28 days
to 35 days to allow for flexibility in recordkeeping when data are
based on a business accounting period.
Non-HAP coating means, for the purposes of this subpart, a coating
that contains no more than 0.1 percent by mass of any individual
organic HAP that is an OSHA-defined carcinogen as specified in 29 CFR
1910.1200(d)(4) and no more than 1.0 percent by mass for any other
individual HAP.
Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP emitted per mass
of coating solids used for a coating calculated using Equation 1 of
Sec. 63.4541. The organic HAP content is determined for the coating in
the condition it is in when received from its manufacturer or supplier
and does not account for any alteration after receipt. For reactive
adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form solids and are not
emitted to the atmosphere, organic HAP content is the mass of organic
HAP that is emitted, rather than the organic HAP content of the coating
as it is received.
Permanent total enclosure (PTE) means a permanently installed
enclosure that meets the criteria of Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR
part 51, for a PTE and that directs all the exhaust gases from the
enclosure to an add-on control device.
Personal watercraft means a vessel (boat) which uses an inboard
motor powering a water jet pump as its primary source of motive power
and which is designed to be operated by a person or persons sitting,
standing, or kneeling on the vessel, rather than in
[[Page 21016]]
the conventional manner of sitting or standing inside the vessel.
Plastic part and product means any piece or combination of pieces
of which at least one has been formed from one or more resins. Such
pieces may be solid, porous, flexible or rigid.
Protective oil means an organic material that is applied to metal
for the purpose of providing lubrication or protection from corrosion
without forming a solid film. This definition of protective oil
includes, but is not limited to, lubricating oils, evaporative oils
(including those that evaporate completely), and extrusion oils.
Reactive adhesive means adhesive systems composed, in part, of
volatile monomers that react during the adhesive curing reaction, and,
as a result, do not evolve from the film during use. These volatile
components instead become integral parts of the adhesive through
chemical reaction. At least 70 percent of the liquid components of the
system, excluding water, react during the process.
Research or laboratory facility means a facility whose primary
purpose is for research and development of new processes and products,
that is conducted under the close supervision of technically trained
personnel, and is not engaged in the manufacture of final or
intermediate products for commercial purposes, except in a de minimis
manner.
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40
CFR 70.2.
Startup, initial means the first time equipment is brought online
in a facility.
Surface preparation means use of a cleaning material on a portion
of or all of a substrate. This includes use of a cleaning material to
remove dried coating, which is sometimes called depainting.
Temporary total enclosure means an enclosure constructed for the
purpose of measuring the capture efficiency of pollutants emitted from
a given source as defined in Method 204 of appendix M, 40 CFR part 51.
Thermoplastic olefin (TPO) means polyolefins (blends of
polypropylene, polyethylene and its copolymers). This also includes
blends of TPO with polypropylene and polypropylene alloys including,
but not limited to, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), TPE polyurethane
(TPU), TPE polyester (TPEE), TPE polyamide (TPAE), and thermoplastic
elastomer polyvinyl chloride (TPVC).
Thermoplastic olefin (TPO) coating means any coating operation in
which the coatings are components of a system of coatings applied to a
TPO substrate, including adhesion promoters, primers, color coatings,
clear coatings and topcoats. Thermoplastic olefin coating does not
include the coating of TPO substrates on assembled on-road vehicles.
Thinner means an organic solvent that is added to a coating after
the coating is received from the supplier.
Total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) means the total amount of
nonaqueous volatile organic matter determined according to Methods 204
and 204A through 204F of appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 and substituting
the term TVH each place in the methods where the term VOC is used. The
TVH includes both VOC and non-VOC.
Uncontrolled coating operation means a coating operation from which
none of the organic HAP emissions are routed through an emission
capture system and add-on control device.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) means any compound defined as VOC
in 40 CFR 51.100(s).
Wastewater means water that is generated in a coating operation and
is collected, stored, or treated prior to being discarded or
discharged.
Tables to Subpart PPPP of Part 63
If you are required to comply with operating limits by Sec.
63.4491(c), you must comply with the applicable operating limits in the
following table:
Table 1 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Operating Limits if Using the Emission Rate With Add-On Controls Option
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
And you must demonstrate
For the following device . . . You must meet the following operating continuous compliance with
limit . . . the operating limit by . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thermal oxidizer.................. a. The average combustion temperature in i. Collecting the combustion
any 3-hour period must not fall below the temperature data according
combustion temperature limit established to Sec. 63.4568(c);
according to Sec. 63.4567(a). ii. Reducing the data to 3-
hour block averages; and
iii. Maintaining the 3-hour
average combustion
temperature at or above the
temperature limit.
2. Catalytic oxidizer................ a. The average temperature measured just i. Collecting the temperature
before the catalyst bed in any 3-hour data according to Sec.
period must not fall below the limit 63.4568(c);
established according to Sec. ii. Reducing the data to 3-
63.4567(b); and either hour block averages; and
iii. Maintaining the 3-hour
average temperature before
the catalyst bed at or above
the temperature limit.
b. Ensure that the average temperature i. Collecting the temperature
difference across the catalyst bed in any data according to Sec.
3-hour period does not fall below the 63.4568(c);
temperature difference limit established ii. Reducing the data to 3-
according to Sec. 63.4567(b)(2); or hour block averages; and
iii. Maintaining the 3-hour
average temperature
difference at or above the
temperature difference
limit.
[[Page 21017]]
c. Develop and implement an inspection and i. Maintaining an up-to-date
maintenance plan according to Sec. inspection and maintenance
63.4567(b)(4). plan, records of annual
catalyst activity checks,
records of monthly
inspections of the oxidizer
system, and records of the
annual internal inspections
of the catalyst bed. If a
problem is discovered during
a monthly or annual
inspection required by Sec.
63.4567(b)(4), you must
take corrective action as
soon as practicable
consistent with the
manufacturer's
recommendations.
3. Regenerative carbon adsorber...... a. The total regeneration desorbing gas i. Measuring the total
(e.g., steam or nitrogen) mass flow for regeneration desorbing gas
each carbon bed regeneration cycle must (e.g., steam or nitrogen)
not fall below the total regeneration mass flow for each
desorbing gas mass flow limit established regeneration cycle according
according to Sec. 63.4567(c); and to Sec. 63.4568(d); and
ii. Maintaining the total
regeneration desorbing gas
mass flow at or above the
mass flow limit.
b. The temperature of the carbon bed, i. Measuring the temperature
after completing each regeneration and of the carbon bed after
any cooling cycle, must not exceed the completing each regeneration
carbon bed temperature limit established and any cooling cycle
according to Sec. 63.4567(c). according to Sec.
63.4568(d); and
ii. Operating the carbon beds
such that each carbon bed is
not returned to service
until completing each
regeneration and any cooling
cycle until the recorded
temperature of the carbon
bed is at or below the
temperature limit.
4. Condenser......................... a. The average condenser outlet (product i. Collecting the condenser
side) gas temperature in any 3-hour outlet (product side) gas
period must not exceed the temperature temperature according to
limit established according to Sec. Sec. 63.4568(e);
63.4567(d). ii. Reducing the data to 3-
hour block averages; and
iii. Maintaining the 3-hour
average gas temperature at
the outlet at or below the
temperature limit.
5. Concentrators, including zeolite a. The average gas temperature of the i. Collecting the temperature
wheels and rotary carbon adsorbers. desorption concentrate stream in any 3- data according to Sec.
hour period must not fall below the limit 63.4568(f);
established according to Sec. ii. Reducing the data to 3-
63.4567(e); and hour block averages; and
iii. Maintaining the 3-hour
average temperature at or
above the temperature limit.
b. The average pressure drop of the dilute i. Collecting the pressure
stream across the concentrator in any 3- drop data according to Sec.
hour period must not fall below the limit 63.4568(f);
established according to Sec. ii. Reducing the pressure
63.4567(e). drop data to 3-hour block
averages; and
iii. Maintaining the 3-hour
average pressure drop at or
above the pressure drop
limit.
6. Emission capture system that is a a. The direction of the air flow at all i. Collecting the direction
PTE according to Sec. 63.4565(a). times must be into the enclosure; and of air flow, and either the
either facial velocity of air
through all natural draft
openings according to Sec.
63.4568(g)(1) or the
pressure drop across the
enclosure according to Sec.
63.4568(g)(2); and
ii. Maintaining the facial
velocity of air flow through
all natural draft openings
or the pressure drop at or
above the facial velocity
limit or pressure drop
limit, and maintaining the
direction of air flow into
the enclosure at all times.
b. The average facial velocity of air i. See items 6.a.i and
through all natural draft openings in the 6.a.ii.
enclosure must be at least 200 feet per
minute; or
c. The pressure drop across the enclosure i. See items 6.a.i and
must be at least 0.007 inch H2O, as 6.a.ii.
established in Method 204 of appendix M
to 40 CFR part 51.
[[Page 21018]]
7. Emission capture system that is a. The average gas volumetric flow rate or i. Collecting the gas
not a PTE according to Sec. duct static pressure in each duct between volumetric flow rate or duct
63.4565(a). a capture device and add-on control static pressure for each
device inlet in any 3-hour period must capture device according to
not fall below the average volumetric Sec. 63.4568(g);
flow rate or duct static pressure limit ii. Reducing the data to 3-
established for that capture device hour block averages; and
according to Sec. 63.4567(f). iii. Maintaining the 3-hour
average gas volumetric flow
rate or duct static pressure
for each capture device at
or above the gas volumetric
flow rate or duct static
pressure limit.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must comply with the applicable General Provisions requirements
according to the following table:
Table 2 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart PPPP of Part 63
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Citation Subject Applicable to subpart PPPP Explanation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 63.1(a)(1)-(14)......... General Applicability.. Yes.
Sec. 63.1(b)(1)-(3).......... Initial Applicability Yes.......................... Applicability to
Determination. subpart PPPP is also
specified in Sec.
63.4481.
Sec. 63.1(c)(1).............. Applicability After Yes.
Standard Established.
Sec. 63.1(c)(2)-(3).......... Applicability of Permit No........................... Area sources are not
Program for Area subject to subpart
Sources. PPPP.
Sec. 63.1(c)(4)-(5).......... Extensions and Yes.
Notifications.
Sec. 63.1(e)................. Applicability of Permit Yes.
Program Before
Relevant Standard is
Set.
Sec. 63.2.................... Definitions............ Yes.......................... Additional definitions
are specified in Sec.
63.4581.
Sec. 63.3(a)-(c)............. Units and Abbreviations Yes.
Sec. 63.4(a)(1)-(5).......... Prohibited Activities.. Yes.
Sec. 63.4(b)-(c)............. Circumvention/ Yes.
Severability.
Sec. 63.5(a)................. Construction/ Yes.
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(b)(1)-(6).......... Requirements for Yes.
Existing, Newly
Constructed, and
Reconstructed Sources.
Sec. 63.5(d)................. Application for Yes.
Approval of
Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(e)................. Approval of Yes.
Construction/
Reconstruction.
Sec. 63.5(f)................. Approval of Yes.
Construction/
Reconstruction Based
on Prior State Review.
Sec. 63.6(a)................. Compliance With Yes.
Standards and
Maintenance
Requirements--Applicab
ility.
Sec. 63.6(b)(1)-(7).......... Compliance Dates for Yes.......................... Section 63.4483
New and Reconstructed specifies the
Sources. compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(c)(1)-(5).......... Compliance Dates for Yes.......................... Section 63.4483
Existing Sources. specifies the
compliance dates.
Sec. 63.6(e)(1)-(2).......... Operation and Yes.
Maintenance.
Sec. 63.6(e)(3).............. Startup, Shutdown, and Yes.......................... Only sources using an
Malfunction Plan. add-on control device
to comply with the
standard must complete
startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plans.
Sec. 63.6(f)(1).............. Compliance Except Yes.......................... Applies only to sources
During Startup, using an add-on
Shutdown, and control device to
Malfunction. comply with the
standard.
Sec. 63.6(f)(2)-(3).......... Methods for Determining Yes.
Compliance.
Sec. 63.6(g)(1)-(3).......... Use of an Alternative Yes.
Standard.
Sec. 63.6(h)................. Compliance With Opacity/ No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
Visible Emission establish opacity
Standards. standards and does not
require continuous
opacity monitoring
systems (COMS).
Sec. 63.6(i)(1)-(16)......... Extension of Compliance Yes.
Sec. 63.6(j)................. Presidential Compliance Yes.
Exemption.
Sec. 63.7(a)(1).............. Performance Test Yes.......................... Applies to all affected
Requirements--Applicab sources. Additional
ility. requirements for
performance testing
are specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.4564,
63.4565, and 63.4566.
[[Page 21019]]
Sec. 63.7(a)(2).............. Performance Test Yes.......................... Applies only to
Requirements--Dates. performance tests for
capture system and
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Section 63.4560
specifies the schedule
for performance test
requirements that are
earlier than those
specified in Sec.
63.7(a)(2).
Sec. 63.7(a)(3).............. Performance Tests Yes.
Required By the
Administrator.
Sec. 63.7(b)-(e)............. Performance Test Yes.......................... Applies only to
Requirements--Notifica performance tests for
tion, Quality capture system and add-
Assurance, Facilities on control device
Necessary for Safe efficiency at sources
Testing, Conditions using these to comply
During Test. with the standards.
Sec. 63.7(f)................. Performance Test Yes.......................... Applies to all test
Requirements--Use methods except those
Alternative Test of used to determine
Method. capture system
efficiency.
Sec. 63.7(g)-(h)............. Performance Test Yes.......................... Applies only to
Requirements--Data performance tests for
Analysis, capture system and add-
Recordkeeping, on control device
Reporting, Waiver of efficiency at sources
Test. using these to comply
with the standards.
Sec. 63.8(a)(1)-(3).......... Monitoring Yes.......................... Applies only to
Requirements--Applicab monitoring of capture
ility. system and add-on
control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standards.
Additional
requirements for
monitoring are
specified in Sec.
63.4568.
Sec. 63.8(a)(4).............. Additional Monitoring No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
Requirements. have monitoring
requirements for
flares.
Sec. 63.8(b)................. Conduct of Monitoring.. Yes.
Sec. 63.8(c)(1)-(3).......... Continuous Monitoring Yes.......................... Applies only to
Systems (CMS) monitoring of capture
Operation and system and add-on
Maintenance. control device
efficiency at sources
using these to comply
with the standard.
Additional
requirements for CMS
operations and
maintenance are
specified in Sec.
63.4568.
Sec. 63.8(c)(4).............. CMS.................... No........................... Section 63.4568
specifies the
requirements for the
operation of CMS for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
Sec. 63.8(c)(5).............. COMS................... No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.8(c)(6).............. CMS Requirements....... No........................... Section 63.4568
specifies the
requirements for
monitoring systems for
capture systems and
add-on control devices
at sources using these
to comply.
Sec. 63.8(c)(7).............. CMS Out-of-Control Yes.
Periods.
Sec. 63.8(c)(8).............. CMS Out-of-Control No........................... Section 63.4520
Periods and Reporting. requires reporting of
CMS out-of-control
periods.
Sec. 63.8(d)-(e)............. Quality Control Program No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
and CMS Performance require the use of
Evaluation. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.8(f)(1)-(5).......... Use of an Alternative Yes.
Monitoring Method.
Sec. 63.8(f)(6).............. Alternative to Relative No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
Accuracy Test. require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.8(g)(1)-(5).......... Data Reduction......... No........................... Sections 63.4567 and
63.4568 specify
monitoring data
reduction.
Sec. 63.9(a)-(d)............. Notification Yes.
Requirements.
Sec. 63.9(e)................. Notification of Yes.......................... Applies only to capture
Performance Test. system and add-on
control device
performance tests at
sources using these to
comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.9(f)................. Notification of Visible No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
Emissions/Opacity Test. have opacity or
visible emission
standards.
Sec. 63.9(g)(1)-(3).......... Additional No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
Notifications When require the use of
Using CMS. continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.9(h)................. Notification of Yes.......................... Section 63.4510
Compliance Status. specifies the dates
for submitting the
notification of
compliance status.
Sec. 63.9(i)................. Adjustment of Submittal Yes.
Deadlines.
Sec. 63.9(j)................. Change in Previous Yes.
Information.
[[Page 21020]]
Sec. 63.10(a)................ Recordkeeping/ Yes.
Reporting--Applicabili
ty and General
Information.
Sec. 63.10(b)(1)............. General Recordkeeping Yes.......................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Sec.
Sec. 63.4530 and
63.4531.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2) (i)-(v)..... Recordkeeping Relevant Yes.......................... Requirements for
to Startup, Shutdown, startup, shutdown, and
and Malfunction malfunction records
Periods and CMS. only apply to add-on
control devices used
to comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2) (vi)-(xi)... ....................... Yes.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2) (xii)....... Records................ Yes.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2) (xiii)...... ....................... No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.10(b)(2) (xiv)....... ....................... Yes.
Sec. 63.10(b)(3)............. Recordkeeping Yes.
Requirements for
Applicability
Determinations.
Sec. 63.10(c)(1)-(6)......... Additional Yes..........................
Recordkeeping
Requirements for
Sources with CMS.
Sec. 63.10(c)(7)-(8)......... ....................... No........................... The same records are
required in Sec.
63.4520(a)(7).
Sec. 63.10(c)(9)-(15)........ ....................... Yes.
Sec. 63.10(d)(1)............. General Reporting Yes.......................... Additional requirements
Requirements. are specified in Sec.
63.4520.
Sec. 63.10(d)(2)............. Report of Performance Yes.......................... Additional requirements
Test Results. are specified in Sec.
63.4520(b).
Sec. 63.10(d)(3)............. Reporting Opacity or No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
Visible Emissions require opacity or
Observations. visible emissions
observations.
Sec. 63.10(d)(4)............. Progress Reports for Yes.
Sources With
Compliance Extensions.
Sec. 63.10(d)(5)............. Startup, Shutdown, and Yes.......................... Applies only to add-on
Malfunction Reports. control devices at
sources using these to
comply with the
standards.
Sec. 63.10(e)(1)-(2)......... Additional CMS Reports. No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
require the use of
continuous emissions
monitoring systems.
Sec. 63.10(e)(3)............. Excess Emissions/CMS No........................... Section 63.4520(b)
Performance Reports. specifies the contents
of periodic compliance
reports.
Sec. 63.10(e)(4)............. COMS Data Reports...... No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
specify requirements
for opacity or COMS.
Sec. 63.10(f)................ Recordkeeping/Reporting Yes.
Waiver.
Sec. 63.11................... Control Device No........................... Subpart PPPP does not
Requirements/Flares. specify use of flares
for compliance.
Sec. 63.12................... State Authority and Yes.
Delegations.
Sec. 63.13................... Addresses.............. Yes.
Sec. 63.14................... Incorporation by Yes.
Reference.
Sec. 63.15................... Availability of Yes.
Information/
Confidentiality.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data and which match either the solvent blend name or the
chemical abstract series (CAS) number. If a solvent blend matches both
the name and CAS number for an entry, that entry's organic HAP mass
fraction must be used for that solvent blend. Otherwise, use the
organic HAP mass fraction for the entry matching either the solvent
blend name or CAS number, or use the organic HAP mass fraction from
table 4 to this subpart if neither the name or CAS number match.
Table 3 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
organic
Solvent/solvent blend CAS. No. HAP mass Typical organic HAP, percent by mass
fraction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Toluene......................... 108-88-3 1.0 Toluene.
2. Xylene(s)....................... 1330-20-7 1.0 Xylenes, ethylbenzene.
3. Hexane.......................... 110-54-3 0.5 n-hexane.
4. n-Hexane........................ 110-54-3 1.0 n-hexane.
5. Ethylbenzene.................... 100-41-4 1.0 Ethylbenzene.
6. Aliphatic 140................... ............ 0 None.
7. Aromatic 100.................... ............ 0.02 1% xylene, 1% cumene.
[[Page 21021]]
8. Aromatic 150.................... ............ 0.09 Naphthalene.
9. Aromatic naphtha................ 64742-95-6 0.02 1% xylene, 1% cumene.
10. Aromatic solvent............... 64742-94-5 0.1 Naphthalene.
11. Exempt mineral spirits......... 8032-32-4 0 None.
12. Ligroines (VM & P)............. 8032-32-4 0 None.
13. Lactol spirits................. 64742-89-6 0.15 Toluene.
14. Low aromatic white spirit...... 64742-82-1 0 None.
15. Mineral spirits................ 64742-88-7 0.01 Xylenes.
16. Hydrotreated naphtha........... 64742-48-9 0 None.
17. Hydrotreated light distillate.. 64742-47-8 0.001 Toluene.
18. Stoddard solvent............... 8052-41-3 0.01 Xylenes.
19. Super high-flash naphtha....... 64742-95-6 0.05 Xylenes.
20. Varsol[reg] solvent............ 8052-49-3 0.01 0.5% xylenes, 0.5% ethylbenzene.
21. VM & P naphtha................. 64742-89-8 0.06 3% toluene, 3% xylene.
22. Petroleum distillate mixture... 68477-31-6 0.08 4% naphthalene, 4% biphenyl.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may use the mass fraction values in the following table for
solvent blends for which you do not have test data or manufacturer's
formulation data.
Table 4 to Subpart PPPP of Part 63-- Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups\a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
organic
Solvent type HAP mass Typical organic HAP, percent by mass
fraction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aliphatic \b\..................... 0.03 1% Xylene, 1% Toluene, and 1% Ethylbenzene.
Aromatic \c\...................... 0.06 4% Xylene, 1% Toluene, and 1% Ethylbenzene.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Use this table only if the solvent blend does not match any of the solvent blends in Table 3 to this subpart
by either solvent blend name or CAS number and you only know whether the blend is aliphatic or aromatic.
\b\ Mineral Spirits 135, Mineral Spirits 150 EC, Naphtha, Mixed Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic
Naphtha, Naphthol Spirits, Petroleum Spirits, Petroleum Oil, Petroleum Naphtha, Solvent Naphtha, Solvent
Blend.
\c\ Medium-flash Naphtha, High-flash Naphtha, Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic Naphtha, Light Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Light Aromatic Solvent.
Appendix A to Subpart PPPP of Part 63--Determination of Weight Volatile
Matter Content and Weight Solids Content of Reactive Adhesives
1.0 Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability: This method applies to the determination of
weight volatile matter content and weight solids content for most
one-part or multiple-part reactive adhesives. Reactive adhesives are
composed, in large part, of monomers that react during the adhesive
curing reaction, and, as a result, do not volatilize. The monomers
become integral parts of the cured adhesive through chemical
reaction. At least 70 weight percent of the system, excluding water
and non-volatile solids such as fillers, react during the process.
This method is not appropriate for cyanoacrylates. For
cyanoacrylates, South Coast Air Quality Management District Test
Method 316B should be used. This method is not appropriate for one-
part moisture cure urethane adhesives or for silicone adhesives. For
one-part moisture cure urethane adhesives and for silicone
adhesives, EPA Method 24 should be used.
1.2 Principle: One-part and multiple-part reactive adhesives
undergo a reactive conversion from liquid to solid during the
application and assembly process. Reactive adhesives are applied to
a single surface, but then are usually quickly covered with another
mating surface to achieve a bonded assembly. The monomers employed
in such systems typically react and are converted to non-volatile
solids. If left uncovered, as in a Method 24 (ASTM D2369) test, the
reaction is inhibited by the presence of oxygen and volatile loss of
the reactive components competes more heavily with the cure
reaction. If this were to happen under normal use conditions, the
adhesives would not provide adequate performance. This method
minimizes this undesirable deterioration of the adhesive
performance.
2.0 Materials and Apparatus
2.1 Aluminum foil, aluminum sheet, non-leaching plastic film or
non-leaching plastic sheet, approximately 3 inches by 3 inches.
Precondition the foil, film, or sheet for 30 minutes in an oven at
110 5 degrees Celsius and store in a
desiccator prior to use. Use tongs or rubber gloves or both to
handle the foil, film, or sheet.
2.2 Flat, rigid support panels slightly larger than the foil,
film, or sheet. Polypropylene with a minimum thickness of \1/8\ inch
is recommended for the support panels. Precondition the support
panels for 30 minutes in an oven at 110 5
degrees Celsius and store in a desiccator prior to use. Use tongs or
rubber gloves or both to handle the support panels.
2.3 Aluminum spacers, \1/8\ inch thick. Precondition the spacers
for 30 minutes in an oven at 110 5 degrees
Celsius and store in a desiccator prior to use. Use tongs or rubber
gloves or both to handle the spacers.
2.4 Forced draft oven, type IIA or IIB as specified in ASTM
E145-94 (Reapproved 2001), ``Standard Specification for Gravity-
Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens'' (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 63.14).
2.5 Electronic balance capable of weighing to 0.0001 grams (0.1 mg).
2.6 Flat bottom weight (approximately 3 lbs) or clamps.
Material and Apparatus Notes
1--The foil, film, or sheet should be thick or rigid enough so
that it can be easily handled in the test procedure.
[[Page 21022]]
3.0 Procedure
3.1 Two procedures are provided. In Procedure A the initial
specimen weight is determined by weighing the foil, film, or sheet
before and after the specimen is dispensed onto the foil, film, or
sheet. In Procedure B the initial specimen weight is determined by
weighing the adhesive cartridge (kit) before and after the specimen
is dispensed.
3.2 At least four test specimens should be run for each test
material. Run the test at room temperature, 74 degrees Fahrenheit
(23 degrees Celsius).
Procedure A
1. Zero electronic balance.
2. Place 2 pieces of aluminum foil (or aluminum sheet, plastic
film, or plastic sheet) on scale.
3. Record weight of aluminum foils. (A).
4. Tare balance.
5. Remove top piece of aluminum foil.
6. Dispense a 10 to 15 gram specimen of premixed adhesive onto
bottom piece of aluminum foil. Place second piece of aluminum foil
on top of the adhesive specimen to make a sandwich.
7. Record weight of sandwich (specimen and aluminum foils). (B).
8. Remove sandwich from scale, place sandwich between two
support panels with aluminum spacers at the edges of the support
panels to make a supported sandwich. The spacers provide a standard
gap. Take care to mate the edges.
9. Place the supported sandwich on a flat surface.
10. Place the weight on top of the supported sandwich to spread
the adhesive specimen to a uniform thickness within the sandwich.
Check that no adhesive squeezes out from between the pieces of
aluminum foil or through tears in the aluminum foil.
11. Allow to cure 24 hours.
12. Remove the sandwich from between the support panels. Record
the weight of the sandwich. This is referred to as the 24 hr weight.
(C).
13. Bake sandwich at 110 degrees Celsius for 1 hour.
14. Remove sandwich from the oven, place immediately in a
desiccator, and cool to room temperature. Record post bake sandwich
weight. (D).
Procedure B
1. Zero electronic balance.
2. Place two pieces of aluminum foil (or aluminum sheet, plastic
film, or plastic sheet) on scale.
3. Record weight of aluminum foils. (A).
4. Tare balance.
5. Place one support panel on flat surface. Place first piece of
aluminum foil on top of this support panel.
6. Record the weight of a pre-mixed sample of adhesive in its
container. If dispensing the adhesive from a cartridge (kit), record
the weight of the cartridge (kit) plus any dispensing tips. (F).
7. Dispense a 10 to 15 gram specimen of mixed adhesive onto the
first piece of aluminum foil. Place second piece of aluminum foil on
top of the adhesive specimen to make a sandwich.
8. Record weight of the adhesive container. If dispensing the
adhesive from a cartridge (kit), record the weight of the cartridge
(kit) plus any dispensing tips. (G).
9. Place the aluminum spacers at the edges of the bottom support
panel polypropylene sheet. The spacers provide a standard gap.
10. Place the second support panel on top of the assembly to
make a supported sandwich. Take care to mate the edges.
11. Place the supported sandwich on a flat surface.
12. Place the weight on top of the supported sandwich to spread
the adhesive specimen to a uniform thickness within the sandwich.
Check that no adhesive squeezes out from between the pieces of
aluminum foil or through tears in the aluminum foil.
13. Allow to cure 24 hours.
14. Remove the sandwich from between the support panels. Record
the weight of the sandwich. This is referred to as the 24 hr weight.
(C).
15. Bake sandwich at 110 degrees Celsius for 1 hour.
16. Remove sandwich from the oven, place immediately in a
desiccator, and cool to room temperature.
17. Record post-bake sandwich weight. (D).
Procedural Notes
1--The support panels may be omitted if the aluminum foil (or
aluminum sheet, plastic film, or plastic sheet) will not tear and
the adhesive specimen will spread to a uniform thickness within the
sandwich when the flat weight is placed directly on top of the
sandwich.
2--Clamps may be used instead of a flat bottom weight to spread
the adhesive specimen to a uniform thickness within the sandwich.
3--When dispensing from a static mixer, purging is necessary to
ensure uniform, homogeneous specimens. The weighing in Procedure B,
Step 6 must be performed after any purging.
4--Follow the adhesive manufacturer's directions for mixing and
for dispensing from a cartridge (kit).
4.0 Calculations
4.1 The total weight loss from curing and baking of each
specimen is used to determine the weight percent volatile matter
content of that specimen
Procedure A
Weight of original specimen (S) = (B)-(A)
Weight of post-bake specimen (P) = (D)-(A)
Total Weight Loss (L) = (S)-(P)
Procedure B
Weight of original specimen (S) = (F)-(G)
Weight of post-bake specimen (P) = (D)-(A)
Total Weight Loss (L) = (S)-(P)
Procedure A and Procedure B
Weight Percent Volatile Matter Content
(V) = [(Total weight loss)/(Initial specimen weight)] x 100 = [(L)/
(S)] x 100
4.2 The weight volatile matter content of a material is the
average of the weight volatile matter content of each specimen of
that material. For example, if four specimens of a material were
tested, then the weight percent volatile matter content for that
material is:
V = [V1 + V2 + V3 + V4]/4
Where:
Vi = the weight percent volatile matter content of specimen i of the
material.
4.3 The weight percent solids content of the material is
calculated from the weight percent volatile content of the material.
Weight Percent Solids Content (N) = 100-(V)
Calculation Notes
1--The weight loss during curing and the weight loss during
baking may be calculated separately. These values may be useful for
identifying sources of variation in the results obtained for
different specimens of the same material.
2--For both Procedure A and Procedure B, the weight loss during
curing is (S)-[(C)-(A)] and the weight loss during baking is (C)-
(D).
[FR Doc. 04-9 Filed 4-16-04; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P