[Federal Register: August 2, 2005 (Volume 70, Number 147)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 44301-44322]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr02au05-19]
=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Part 17
RIN 1018-AU23
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of
Critical Habitat for the California Tiger Salamander in Sonoma County
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Proposed rule; public hearing announcement.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to
designate critical habitat for the California tiger salamander
(Ambystoma californiense) pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended (Act). In total, approximately 74,223 acres (ac)
(30,037 hectares (ha)) fall within the boundaries of the proposed
critical habitat designation. The proposed critical habitat is located
in Sonoma County, California.
DATES: We will accept comments from all interested parties until
October 3, 2005. We will hold a public hearing on September 8, 2005, at
the Flamingo Hotel in Santa Rosa, California. The public hearing will
include two sessions from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. and 6 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Registration for the hearings will begin a half-hour before each
session. For more information, see ``Public Hearing'' section below or
contact Arnold Roessler of the Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office at
(916) 414-6600.
ADDRESSES: If you wish to comment, you may submit your comments and
materials concerning this proposal by any one of several methods:
1. You may submit written comments and information to Wayne White,
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento Fish and
Wildlife Office (SFWO), Cottage Way, W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825.
2. You may hand-deliver written comments to the SFWO, at the above
address.
3. You may send comments by electronic mail (e-mail) to
fw1sonoma_tiger_salamander@fws.gov. Please see the Public Comments Solicited
section below for file format and other information about electronic
filing.
4. You may fax your comments to (916) 414-6713.
Comments and materials received, as well as supporting
documentation used in the preparation of this proposed rule, will be
available for public inspection,
[[Page 44302]]
by appointment, during normal business hours at the SFWO, at the above
address (telephone (916) 414-6600).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Wayne White, Field Supervisor, SFWO
(see ADDRESSES section).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Public Comments Solicited
We intend that any final action resulting from this proposal will
be as accurate and as effective as possible. Therefore, comments or
suggestions from the public, other concerned governmental agencies, the
scientific community, industry, or any other interested party
concerning this proposed rule are hereby solicited. Comments are
particularly sought concerning:
(1) The reasons why any habitat in this proposed rule should or
should not be determined to be critical habitat as provided by
section 4 of the Act;
(2) Comment and identification on any habitat included in this
proposed rule which does not contain the primary constituent
elements;
(3) Specific information on the amount and distribution of
occupied California tiger salamander (CTS) habitat in Sonoma County;
(4) Specific information on the amount and distribution of any
other habitat which may be essential to the conservation of the
species (this rule proposed to designate significant amounts of
habitat not known to be occupied at the time of listing; the Service
has varying amounts of information as to whether such habitat is
essential to the conservation of the species;
(5) Current, planned, or potential land use designations and
current or planned activities in the subject areas and their
possible impacts on proposed critical habitat;
(6) The benefits related to the designation of critical habitat
proposed in this rule;
(7) Any foreseeable economic, national security, or other
potential impacts resulting from the proposed designation and, in
particular, any impacts on small entities;
(8) If any proposed habitat should be excluded and the benefits
of such exclusion; and
(9) Whether our approach to designating critical habitat could
be improved or modified in any way to provide for greater public
participation and understanding, or to assist us in accommodating
public concerns and comments.
We are also soliciting comments concerning the relative benefits of
designation or exclusion of any lands as California tiger salamander
critical habitat in Sonoma County (see Conservation Strategy for the
Santa Rosa Plain section for specifics).
If you wish to comment, you may submit your comments and materials
concerning this proposal by any one of several methods (see ADDRESSES
section). Please submit Internet comments to
fw1sonoma_tiger_salamander@fws.gov in ASCII file format and avoid the use of special
characters or any form of encryption. Please also include ``Attn:
California tiger salamander in Sonoma County'' in your e-mail subject
header and your name and return address in the body of your message. If
you do not receive a confirmation from the system that we have received
your Internet message, contact us directly by calling the SFWO at phone
number (916) 414-6600. Please note that the Internet address
fw1sonoma_tiger_salamander@fws.gov will be closed out at the
termination of the public comment period.
Our practice is to make comments, including names and home
addresses of respondents, available for public review during regular
business hours. Individual respondents may request that we withhold
their home addresses from the rulemaking record, which we will honor to
the extent allowable by law. There also may be circumstances in which
we would withhold from the rulemaking record a respondent's identity,
as allowable by law. If you wish us to withhold your name and/or
address, you must state this prominently at the beginning of your
comment. However, we will not consider anonymous comments. We will make
all submissions from organizations or businesses, and from individuals
identifying themselves as representatives or officials of organizations
or businesses, available for public inspection in their entirety.
Comments and materials received will be available for public
inspection, by appointment, during normal business hours at the above
address.
Designation of Critical Habitat Provides Little Additional Protection
to Species
In 30 years of implementing the Act, the Service has found that the
designation of statutory critical habitat provides little additional
protection to most listed species, while consuming significant amounts
of available conservation resources. The Service's present system for
designating critical habitat has evolved since its original statutory
prescription into a process that provides little real conservation
benefit, is driven by litigation and the courts rather than biology,
limits our ability to fully evaluate the science involved, consumes
enormous agency resources, and imposes huge social and economic costs.
The Service believes that additional agency discretion would allow our
focus to return to those actions that provide the greatest benefit to
the species most in need of protection.
Role of Critical Habitat in Actual Practice of Administering and
Implementing the Act
While attention to and protection of habitat is paramount to
successful conservation actions, we have consistently found that, in
most circumstances, the designation of critical habitat is of little
additional value for most listed species, yet it consumes large amounts
of conservation resources. Sidle (1987) stated, ``Because the Act can
protect species with and without critical habitat designation, critical
habitat designation may be redundant to the other consultation
requirements of section 7.'' Currently, only 445 species, or 36 percent
of the 1,244 listed species, in the U.S. under the jurisdiction of the
Service, have designated critical habitat.
We address the habitat needs of all 1,244 listed species through
conservation mechanisms such as listing, section 7 consultations, the
Section 4 recovery planning process, the Section 9 protective
prohibitions of unauthorized take, Section 6 funding to the States, and
the Section 10 incidental take permit process. The Service believes
that it is these measures that may make the difference between
extinction and survival for many species.
We note, however, that two courts found our definition of adverse
modification to be invalid (March 15, 2001, decision of the United
States Court Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, Sierra Club v. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service et al., F.3d 434, and the August 6, 2004, Ninth
Circuit judicial opinion, Gifford Pinchot Task Force v. United States
Fish and Wildlife Service). In response to these decisions, we are
reviewing the regulatory definition of adverse modification in relation
to the conservation of the species.
Procedural and Resource Difficulties in Designating Critical Habitat
We have been inundated with lawsuits for our failure to designate
critical habitat, and we face a growing number of lawsuits challenging
critical habitat determinations once they are made. These lawsuits have
subjected the Service to an ever-increasing series of court orders and
court-approved settlement agreements, compliance with which now
consumes nearly the entire listing program budget. This leaves the
Service with little ability to prioritize its activities to direct
scarce listing resources to the listing program actions
[[Page 44303]]
with the most biologically urgent species conservation needs.
The consequence of the critical habitat litigation activity is that
limited listing funds are used to defend active lawsuits, to respond to
Notices of Intent (NOIs) to sue relative to critical habitat, and to
comply with the growing number of adverse court orders. As a result,
listing petition responses, the Service's own proposals to list
critically imperiled species, and final listing determinations on
existing proposals are all significantly delayed.
The accelerated schedules of court ordered designations have left
the Service with almost no ability to provide for adequate public
participation or to ensure a defect-free rulemaking process before
making decisions on listing and critical habitat proposals due to the
risks associated with noncompliance with judicially imposed deadlines.
This in turn fosters a second round of litigation in which those who
fear adverse impacts from critical habitat designations challenge those
designations. The cycle of litigation appears endless, is very
expensive, and in the final analysis provides relatively little
additional protection to listed species.
The costs resulting from the designation include legal costs, the
cost of preparation and publication of the designation, the analysis of
the economic effects and the cost of requesting and responding to
public comment, and in some cases the costs of compliance with the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). None of these costs result in
any benefit to the species that is not already afforded by the
protections of the Act enumerated earlier, and they directly reduce the
funds available for direct and tangible conservation actions.
Background
A physical description of the California tiger salamander and other
information about its taxonomy, distribution, life history, and biology
is included in the Background section of the final rule to list
California tiger salamander as a threatened species, published in the
Federal Register on August 4, 2004 (69 FR 47212). Additional relevant
information may be found in the final rules to list the Santa Barbara
County Distinct Population Segment (DPS) (65 FR 57242, September 21,
2000) and the Sonoma County DPS California tiger salamander (68 FR
13498, March 13, 2003), and the proposed rules to designate critical
habitat for the California tiger salamander in Santa Barbara County (69
FR 3064, January 22, 2004) and the Central population of the species
range (69 FR 48570, August 10, 2004) as well as the final rule to
designate critical habitat for the California tiger salamander in Santa
Barbara County (69 FR 68568, November 24, 2004). The information
contained in those previous Federal Register documents was used in
developing this rule.
Critical Habitat and Private Lands: The California tiger salamander
in Sonoma County occurs primarily on private lands. Approximately 80-95
percent of imperiled species in the United States occur partly or
solely on private lands where the Service has little or no management
authority (Hilty and Merenlender 2003, Wilcove et al. 1996). In
addition, recovery actions involving the reintroduction or positive
management of listed species on private lands usually require the
voluntary cooperation of the landowner (Bean 2002, James 2002, Knight
1999, Main et al. 1999, Norton 2000, Shogren et al. 1999). Therefore,
``a successful recovery program is highly dependent on developing
working partnerships with a wide variety of entities, and the voluntary
cooperation of thousands of non-Federal landowners and others is
essential to accomplishing recovery for listed species'' (Crouse et al.
2002). Because large tracts of land suitable for conservation of
threatened and endangered species are owned by private landowners,
successful recovery of many listed species is especially dependent upon
working partnerships and the voluntary cooperation of non-Federal
landowners (Crouse et al. 2002, James 2002, Wilcove and Chen 1998).
The designation of critical habitat on privately-owned lands can
have both negative and positive impacts on the conservation of listed
species (Bean 2002). There is a growing body of documentation that some
regulatory actions by the Federal Government, while well-intentioned
and required by law, can under certain circumstances have unintended
negative consequences for the conservation of species on private lands
(Brook et al. 2003, Bean 2002, Conner and Mathews 2002, James 2002,
Koch 2002, Wilcove et al. 1996). Some landowners fear a decline in
value of their properties because of their belief that the Act may
restrict future land-use options where threatened or endangered species
are found. Consequently, endangered species are perceived by many
landowners as a financial liability, which sometimes results in anti-
conservation incentives to these landowners (Brook et al. 2003, Main et
al. 1999).
According to some researchers, the designation of critical habitat
on private lands significantly reduces the likelihood that many
landowners will support and carry out conservation actions (Bean 2002,
Brook et al. 2003, Main et al. 1999). The magnitude of this negative
outcome is amplified in conservation situations, such as on privately-
owned lowlands in California, where it is insufficient simply to
prohibit harmful activities. Instead, it is necessary in many cases to
encourage and carry out proactive management measures to prevent
extinctions and promote recovery (Bean 2002).
Consideration of this concern is especially important in areas
where species have been extirpated and their recovery requires access
and permission for reintroduction efforts, or where interventionist
activities are necessary for conservation (e.g., fire management or
control of invasive species). Simply preventing ``harmful activities''
will not slow the extinction of many listed species. For example, some
species need reintroduction within their former range to fully recover,
or they need protection from invasive nonnative species.
In the case of the California tiger salamander in Sonoma County,
natural repopulation is likely not possible without human assistance
and landowner cooperation. Examples of such proactive activities that
benefit the California tiger salamander include enhancement or creation
of breeding ponds and control of nonnative predators. These are the
types of proactive, voluntary conservation efforts that are necessary
to prevent the extinction and promote the recovery of many other
species (Wilcove and Lee 2004, Shogren et al. 1999, Wilcove and Chen
1998, Wilcove et al. 1998).
Section 4(b)(2) of the Act requires us to designate critical
habitat on the basis of the best scientific and commercial information
available, and to consider the economic and ``any other relevant
impact'' of designating a particular area as critical habitat. We may
exclude areas from critical habitat upon a determination that the
benefits of such exclusions outweigh the benefits of specifying such
areas as critical habitat. Under certain circumstances, such as those
occurring on private lands as outlined above, a designation of critical
habitat can have a net negative conservation impact due to the legal,
economic, and sociological concerns of private landowners. In these
cases the Secretary of the Interior may exclude land from critical
habitat when the benefits of excluding the area are greater than the
benefits of including it in critical habitat.
[[Page 44304]]
Conservation Strategy for the Santa Rosa Plain
California tiger salamander occurs primarily on private lands in
Sonoma County. At the time of its listing, local jurisdictions, land
owners, and developers were apprehensive as to how the listing would
affect their activities. Local stakeholders, including local
governments, landowners, and the environmental community, met with the
Service to discuss possible cooperative approaches to protecting the
California tiger salamander and listed plant species (Blennosperma
bakeri (Sonoma sunshine), Lasthenia burkei (Burke's goldfields),
Limnanthes vinculans (Sebastopol meadowfoam), and Navarretia
leucocephala ssp. plieantha (many-flowered navarretia). The goal of
such an approach would be to develop an alternative to a critical
habitat designation that provides special management for those physical
and biological characteristics that are essential to the conservation
of the species while allowing planned land uses to occur within the
county. The potential result of the plan would be to avoid critical
habitat designation due to the fact that special management or
protection would not be necessary. Another potential result would be
that the benefits from the local plan would exceed benefits of that
would result from the designation of critical habitat, and therefore,
the Secretary could consider excluding areas covered by the plan
pursuant to section 4(b)(2).
Consistent with the Secretary's ``4C's'' policy, Conservation
through Cooperation, Communication and Consultation, it is the
Service's goal to identify and support innovative cooperative
conservation approaches that have a similar or greater likelihood of
providing for the conservation of listed species when compared to
traditional regulatory approaches such as designation of critical
habitat. In our determination of whether habitat is in need of
``special management or protection,'' the Service will evaluate the
Sonoma County draft conservation strategy for CTS to determine whether
its implementation is likely to occur and if so, whether its
implementation provide a similar or greater level of conservation
benefits to the CTS in Sonoma County when compared to a final
designation of critical habitat.
In recognition of the ongoing local conservation planning, this
proposed designation includes all occupied and unoccupied habitat in
Sonoma County with the potential to support CTS. While we do not
currently have the information to justify inclusion of all of these
lands in the final designation, we intend to rely on the public
comments to assist in our determination of which of the lands not
identified as occupied at the time of listing are essential to the
conservation of the species. We believe this approach has two benefits.
First, it will provide the maximum public comment on the benefits and
potential contribution to CTS conservation from the maximum area
available. Second, this approach does not undermine the local effort to
encourage participation by local landowners and local government in the
Sonoma County CTS Conservation Strategy. Our proposed designation is
intentionally broad in order to identify all potential lands available
to the CTS and so as not of unintentionally affect the local planning
process.
Description of Sonoma County CTS Conservation Strategy Alternative:
A local conservation strategy for the Sonoma County CTS was initiated
due to concerns over how the listing of the CTS and its critical
habitat designation may affect development and other local economic
activities. Two teams were formed to develop and implement this
strategy: the Santa Rosa Plain Conservation Strategy Team (Conservation
Team) and the Implementation Committee.
The Conservation Team includes representatives of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, the California Department of Fish and
Game, County and Cities, the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control
Board, local governmental agencies, the Laguna de Santa Rosa
Foundation, the environmental community, and the private landowner
community. The purpose of this team was to develop a Santa Rosa Plain
Conservation Strategy (Conservation Strategy) for the Santa Rosa Plain
that conserves and enhances enough habitat for the California tiger
salamander in Sonoma County and listed plants to provide for long-term
conservation, while considering the need for development pursuant to
the general plans for the local jurisdictions.
The Implementation Committee consists of representatives from the
City of Santa Rosa, City of Cotati, City of Rohnert Park, County of
Sonoma, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. The purpose of this team is to use the
Conservation Strategy to develop an implementation approach that is
compatible with local planning efforts.
The purpose of the Conservation Strategy is threefold: (1) To
establish a long-term conservation program sufficient to mitigate
potential adverse effects of future development on the Santa Rosa
Plain, and to substantively contribute to the conservation of the
listed species and their sensitive habitat; (2) to accomplish the
preceding in a manner that protects stakeholders' land use interests;
and (3) to support issuance of an authorization for incidental take of
CTS and provide coverage for listed plants that may occur in the course
of carrying out project activities on the Plain.
The Conservation Strategy will:
Be a coordinated mechanism for processing permits for
projects that are in the potential range of listed species on the
Plain; this process will provide consistency, timeliness, and
certainty;
Identify the basic biological requirements for the
conservation of CTS and listed plants, geographic areas where
preservation is recommended, criteria for selection of these
conservation areas, and mitigation measures necessary to achieve the
recommended conservation goals;
Address the application of mitigation banks, the
development of management plans for preserves, adaptive management, and
ongoing monitoring needs.
The Implementation Team will enumerate the steps necessary to
ensure successful implementation of the strategy. The implementation
section will identify the scope of covered activities, the areas within
the potential range likely to be impacted by development, mechanisms
for review and approval for public and private projects, and potential
funding sources.
As noted earlier, development of the conservation strategy included
identifying the most appropriate geographic areas for conservation.
Approximately 4,000 acres ranging from northwest Santa Rosa to south of
Cotati have been identified as conservation areas. The conservation
area boundaries identify areas where mitigation for project related
impacts to the listed species and vernal pools should be directed. The
boundaries and distribution of the conservation areas are based upon an
analysis of the following factors: (1) Known distribution of CTS based
on recorded breeding sites and adult occurrences, (2) the presence of
additional suitable CTS habitat, (3) presence of large blocks of land
which are natural or restorable potential habitat, (4) location of
existing preserves, and (5) known location of the listed plants
(although this designation focuses on the effect of the conservation
strategy on the CTS, the strategy itself
[[Page 44305]]
addresses other listed species and areas of concern).
Conservation areas are integral to the conservation of the listed
species by directing preservation efforts into the most important
areas, as well as to ensure well distributed populations. At this point
in their deliberations, the local jurisdictions appear to be
considering all the best available scientific and commercial
information in identifying those elements important to the conservation
of the CTS.
This Conservation Strategy is in the final stages of development,
and it is anticipated that a final Administrative Draft Conservation
Strategy will be available for public review and comment the summer of
2005. We recognize that the public is not able to comment on specific
aspects of the strategy without it being available for review, but we
would like to solicit public comments as described below. Additional
information on the conservation areas and Conservation Strategy can be
found on the Santa Rosa Plain Conservation Strategy Web page at http://ci.santa-rosa.ca.us
.
Solicitation of comments concerning the relative benefits of
designation of California tiger salamander critical habitat: In
addition to the analysis conducted when assessing potential economic
impacts of the California tiger salamander in Sonoma County critical
habitat designation, the Secretary will evaluate other considerations
as part of the 4(b)(2) exclusion process. As part of the Secretary's
deliberative process, the Service identifies the benefits of inclusion
and exclusion of various areas.
As part of our designation, we will evaluate the following with
respect to the Local Conservation Strategy:
The degree to which a critical habitat designation would
confer conservation benefits on the California tiger salamander when
compared to the likely benefits of the alternative strategy;
The degree to which the designation or the proposed
alternative conservation strategy would educate members of the public
such that conservation efforts would be enhanced;
The degree to which a critical habitat designation or the
proposed alternative conservation strategy would have a positive,
neutral, or negative impact on voluntary conservation efforts on
privately-owned lands; and
The extent to which a critical habitat designation is
likely to encourage or discourage future conservation activities on
private lands.
The Service will evaluate whether the regulatory benefits of
designation of critical habitat in Sonoma County for the California
tiger salamander outweigh the conservation benefits of implementation
of the alternative conservation strategy proposed by local public and
private interests. In this proposed rule, we are soliciting public
comment on the relative merits of a critical habitat designation when
compared to implementation of this alternative strategy. We are
particularly interested in public comment on the following issues:
What is necessary to ensure the conservation of the CTS
with regard to private lands in Sonoma County;
Identification of whether the species or its habitat
requires proactive management actions, and, if so, of what type, on
private lands;
Identification of current voluntary conservation efforts
or working partnerships existing on private lands and how those efforts
are likely to be affected by the proposed designation;
Whether the Service could expect an increase or decline in
conservation activities on private lands that are designated as
critical habitat;
Whether a critical habitat designation of private lands
already occupied by the California tiger salamander and subject to the
regulatory provisions of the Act will provide additional regulatory
conservation benefits to accrue on those lands;
Whether traditional methods of regulation under the Act
(e.g., Section 7 consultation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)
are adequate to provide for the long-term conservation of the
California tiger salamander on private lands in Sonoma County; and
What conservation efforts are likely to occur on private
lands in the foreseeable future and how designation of critical habitat
is likely to affect those future actions?
The Service will evaluate information received on these and other
issues when making a decision concerning the final designation of
critical habitat. It is important to note that the Service will only
consider a plan which contains provisions that all the public entities
and any other parties necessary to implement those provisions have
signed. A draft plan which has not been finalized provides the Service
with little to no certainty of the type or the extent of the
conservation measures that will be implemented. As a result, the
Service would have no basis for finding that the habitat is not in need
of special management or protection, or alternatively, for excluding
the habitat on the basis for any but economic reasons. Any economic
exclusions would be predicated on the results of the economic analysis.
Previous Federal Actions
On October 13, 2004, a complaint was filed in the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of California (Center for Biological
Diversity and Environmental Defense Council v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service et al. (Case No. C-04 4324 FMS)), which in part identified the
failure of designating critical habitat for the California tiger
salamander in Sonoma County. On February 3, 2005, the District Court
approved a settlement agreement between the parties that requires the
Service to submit for publication in the Federal Register, on an
expedited basis, a proposal for designation of critical habitat for the
Sonoma County population of California tiger salamander. The agreement
also requires the Service to submit for publication in the Federal
Register a final determination on the proposed critical habitat
designation on or before December 1, 2005. This proposed rule is in
accordance with the settlement agreement.
For a discussion of previous Federal actions regarding the Sonoma
population, please see the final rule listing the Central California
tiger salamander as threatened rangewide (August 4, 2004, 69 FR 47212).
Federal actions on the California tiger salamander prior to May 2004
are summarized in that final rule (69 FR 47212) and used in developing
this rule. That final rule listed the California tiger salamander as
threatened throughout its range, and eliminated the separate listings
for the Santa Barbara and Sonoma populations.
Critical Habitat
Critical habitat is defined in section 3 of the Act as--(i) the
specific areas within the geographic area occupied by a species, at the
time it is listed in accordance with the Act, on which are found those
physical or biological features (I) essential to the conservation of
the species and (II) that may require special management considerations
or protection; and (ii) specific areas outside the geographic area
occupied by a species at the time it is listed, upon a determination
that such areas are essential for the conservation of the species.
``Conservation'' means the use of all methods and procedures that are
necessary to bring an endangered or a threatened species to the point
at which listing under the Act is no longer necessary.
Critical habitat receives protection under section 7 of the Act
through the prohibition against destruction or adverse modification of
critical habitat
[[Page 44306]]
with regard to actions carried out, funded, or authorized by a Federal
agency. Section 7 requires consultation on Federal actions that are
likely to result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical
habitat. However, Section 7 provides no protection for strictly private
actions on private lands that are designated as critical habitat. The
designation of critical habitat does not affect land ownership or
establish a refuge, wilderness, reserve, preserve, or other
conservation area. Designation of critical habitat does not allow
government or public access to private lands.
To be included in a critical habitat designation, the habitat
within the area occupied by the species at the time of listing must
first have features that are ``essential to the conservation of the
species.'' Critical habitat designations identify, to the extent known
using the best scientific and commercial data available, habitat areas
that provide essential life cycle needs of the species (i.e., areas on
which are found the primary constituent elements, as defined at 50 CFR
424.12(b); see Primary Constituent Elements section).
Habitat occupied at the time of listing may be included in critical
habitat only if the essential features thereon may require special
management or protection. Thus, we do not include areas where existing
management is sufficient to conserve the species. (As discussed below,
such areas may also be excluded from critical habitat pursuant to
section 4(b)(2).) Accordingly, when the best available scientific and
commercial data do not demonstrate that the conservation needs of the
species so require, we will not designate critical habitat in areas
outside the geographic area occupied by the species at the time of
listing. An area currently occupied by the species but not known to
have been occupied at the time of listing may or may not be essential
to the conservation of the species and, therefore, its inclusion will
be based on a determination by the Secretary that the habitat is
essential to the conservation of the species.
The Service's Policy on Information Standards Under the Endangered
Species Act, published in the Federal Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR
34271), and Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L. 106-554; H.R. 5658)
and the associated Information Quality Guidelines issued by the
Service, provide criteria, establish procedures, and provide guidance
to ensure that decisions made by the Service represent the best
scientific and commercial data available. They require Service
biologists, to the extent consistent with the Act and with the use of
the best scientific and commercial data available, to use primary and
original sources of information as the basis for recommendations to
designate critical habitat. When determining which areas are critical
habitat, a primary source of information is generally the listing
documents for the species. Additional information sources include the
data in the recovery plan for the species, articles in peer-reviewed
journals, data in conservation plans developed by States and counties,
data included as part of scientific status surveys and studies, data in
biological assessments, or other unpublished materials, public comment
and scientific judgment. All information is used in accordance with the
provisions of Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L. 106-554; H.R. 5658)
and the associated Information Quality Guidelines issued by the
Service.
Section 4 of the Act requires that we designate critical habitat on
the basis of the best scientific data available. Habitat is often
dynamic, and species may move from one area to another over time.
Furthermore, we recognize that designation of critical habitat may not
include all of the habitat areas that may eventually be determined to
be necessary for the recovery of the species. For these reasons,
critical habitat designations do not signal that habitat outside the
designation is unimportant or may not be required for recovery.
Areas that support populations of the species, but are outside the
critical habitat designation, will continue to be subject to
conservation actions implemented under section 7(a)(1) of the Act and
to the regulatory protections afforded by the section 7(a)(2) jeopardy
standard, as determined on the basis of the best available information
at the time of the action. Federally funded or permitted projects
affecting listed species outside their designated critical habitat
areas may still result in jeopardy findings in some cases. Similarly,
critical habitat designations made on the basis of the best available
information at the time of designation will not control the direction
and substance of future recovery plans, habitat conservation plans, or
other species conservation planning efforts if new information
available to these planning efforts calls for a different outcome.
Methods
As required by section 4(b)(1)(A) of the Act, we use the best
scientific and commercial data available in determining areas that
contain the features that are essential to the conservation of the
California tiger salamander in Sonoma County. We have reviewed the
overall approach to the conservation of the California tiger salamander
undertaken by local, State, and Federal agencies operating within the
species' range within Sonoma County and those efforts related to the
conservation strategy being undertaken by the resource agencies, local
governments, and representatives from the environmental and building
communities (see Conservation Strategy section).
We based the extent of the proposed critical habitat for the
California tiger salamander in Sonoma County on historic and current
range of the species as well as the Santa Rosa Plain conservation
strategy. Historic records for the species and/or its habitat have been
documented throughout the Santa Rosa Plain and into the Petaluma River
watershed. Additional criteria used in refining the extent of the
critical habitat were the specific soil types associated with habitat
for the species and below the 200-foot (61-meter) elevation. Major
water courses or floodplains were used to delineate boundaries where
information on their location and extent was available. In addition, we
used aerial photography to examine historic and current habitat as well
as land use patterns.
We have also reviewed available information that pertains to the
upland and aquatic habitat requirements of this species. Based on the
best available information, we included areas where the species
historically occurred, or currently occurs, or has the potential to
occur based on the suitability of habitat. We identified areas which
represent the range of environmental, ecological, and genetic variation
of the California tiger salamander in Sonoma County and contain the
primary constituent elements (see Primary Constituent Elements
section). In addition, to avoid influencing the local conservation
planning process, we included the maximum area representing the
historic range of the species with the expectation that the final rule
would be significantly revised based on refinements resulting from
development of additional information and public comment.
Identification of the broadest possible proposal would be most likely
to elicit information regarding the current presence of PCEs, the
occupancy
[[Page 44307]]
of identified habitat, and other information regarding the benefit of
designating or excluding the habitat.
This proposed unit was delineated by digitizing a polygon (map
unit) using ArcView (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.), a
computer GIS program. The polygon was created by modifying the
Potential Range of the California tiger salamander polygon as
identified in the Interim Guidance on Site Assessments and Field
Surveys for Determining Presence or a Negative Finding of the
California Tiger Salamander (Service and California Department of Fish
and Game 2003). We evaluated the historic and current geographic range
and potential suitable habitat, and identified areas of nonessential
habitat (i.e., not containing the primary constituent elements) (see
Primary Constituent Elements section). We have included areas within
this unit which are already developed or are planned for development.
We anticipate that public comment will help refine the mapped areas so
as to avoid inclusion of areas that do not contain the PCEs or do not
meet the definition of critical habitat. Those undeveloped areas within
and adjacent to developed areas which do contain the PCE features would
be considered as potential critical habitat for the species.
Primary Constituent Elements
In accordance with section 3(5)(A)(i) of the Act and regulations at
50 CFR 424.12, in determining which areas to propose as critical
habitat, we are required to base critical habitat determinations on the
best scientific and commercial data available and to consider those
physical and biological features (primary constituent elements
(``PCEs'')) that are essential to the conservation of the species, and
whether such areas may require special management considerations and
protection. These include, but are not limited to: space for individual
and population growth and for normal behavior; food, water, air, light,
minerals, or other nutritional or physiological requirements; cover or
shelter; sites for breeding, reproduction, and rearing (or development)
of offspring; and habitats that are protected from disturbance or are
representative of the historic geographical and ecological
distributions of a species.
The specific PCEs required for the Sonoma population are based on
the biological needs of the California tiger salamander (see Background
section). All areas proposed as critical habitat for the Sonoma
population are within the species' historic range and contain one or
more of the physical or biological features (PCEs) identified as
essential for the conservation of the species. Critical habitat for the
Sonoma population includes essential aquatic habitat, essential upland
nonbreeding habitat with underground refugia, and dispersal habitat
connecting occupied California tiger salamander locations. In addition,
the critical habitat we have proposed is designed to allow for an
increase in the size of California tiger salamander populations in
Sonoma County.
Based on our current knowledge of the life history, biology, and
ecology of the species and the requirements of the habitat to sustain
the essential life history functions of the species, we have determined
that the primary constituent elements for the California tiger
salamander in Sonoma County are:
(1) Standing bodies of fresh water (including natural and manmade
(e.g., stock) ponds, vernal pools and other ephemeral or permanent
water bodies which typically support inundation during winter rains and
hold water for a minimum of 12 weeks in a year of average rainfall.
(2) Upland habitats adjacent and accessible to and from breeding
ponds that contain small mammal burrows or other underground habitat
that California tiger salamanders depend upon for food, shelter, and
protection from the elements and predation.
(3) Acessible upland dispersal habitat between occupied locations
that allow for movement between such sites.
We describe the relationship between each of these PCEs and the
conservation of the salamander in more detail below.
The essential aquatic habitat described as the first PCE is
essential for Sonoma population breeding and for providing space, food,
and cover necessary to sustain early life history stages of larval and
juvenile California tiger salamander. Breeding habitat consists of
fresh water bodies, including natural and manmade ponds (e.g.
stockponds), and vernal pools. To be considered essential, aquatic and
breeding habitats must have the capability to hold water for a minimum
of 12 weeks in the winter or spring in a year of average rainfall
because this is the amount of time needed for larvae to grow into
metamorphosed juveniles so they can become capable of surviving in
upland habitats. During periods of drought or less-than-average
rainfall, these sites may not hold water long enough for individuals to
complete metamorphosis; however, these sites would still be considered
essential because they constitute breeding habitat in years of average
rainfall. Without its essential aquatic and breeding habitats, the
Sonoma population would not survive, reproduce, and develop juveniles
that could grow into adult individual salamanders that can complete
their life cycles.
Upland habitats containing underground refugia are essential for
the survival of adult and juvenile salamanders that have recently
undergone metamorphosis. Adult and juvenile California tiger
salamanders are primarily terrestrial. Adult California tiger
salamanders enter aquatic habitats only for relatively short periods of
time to breed. For the majority of their life cycle, California tiger
salamanders depend for survival on upland habitats containing
underground refugia in the form of small mammal burrows or other
underground structures. California tiger salamanders cannot persist
without upland underground refugia, which provide protection from the
hot, dry weather typical of California in the nonbreeding season.
California tiger salamanders also find food in these refugia and rely
on them for protection from predators. The presence of small burrowing
mammal populations is a key element for the survival of California
tiger salamander as they construct burrows used by California tiger
salamander. Without the continuing presence of small mammal burrows in
upland habitats, California tiger salamanders would not be able to
survive.
Essential dispersal habitats are generally upland areas adjacent
and accessible to aquatic habitats. Essential dispersal habitats
provide connectivity among California tiger salamander suitable aquatic
and upland habitats. While California tiger salamander can bypass many
obstacles, and do not require a particular type of habitat for
dispersal, the habitats connecting essential aquatic and upland
habitats need to be accessible (no physical or biological features that
prevent access to adjacent areas) to function effectively. Agricultural
lands such as row crops, orchards, vineyards, and pastures do not
constitute barriers to the dispersal of California tiger salamanders,
however, a busy highway or interstate may constitute a barrier. The
extent to which any feature is a barrier is a function of the specific
geography of the area and its contribution to limiting salamander
access to a greater or lesser extent.
Dispersal habitats are essential for the conservation of the
California tiger salamander. Protecting the ability of California tiger
salamanders to move freely across the landscape in search of suitable
aquatic and upland habitats is essential in maintaining gene flow and
for recolonization of sites that may
[[Page 44308]]
become temporarily extirpated. Lifetime reproductive success for the
California tiger salamander and other tiger salamanders may be
naturally low. Trenham et al. (2000) found the average female bred 1.4
times and produced 8.5 young that survived to metamorphosis per
reproductive effort. This reproduction resulted in roughly 11
metamorphic offspring over the lifetime of a female. In part, this low
reproductive success may be due to the extended time it takes for
California tiger salamanders to reach sexual maturity; most do not
breed until 4 or 5 years of age. While individuals may survive for more
than 10 years, it is possible that many breed only once. This presumed
low breeding rate, combined with a hypothesized low survivorship of
metamorphosed individuals indicates that reproductive output in most
years may not be sufficient to maintain populations.
Dispersal habitats help to preserve the population structure of the
California tiger salamander. The life history and ecology of the
California tiger salamander make it likely that this species has a
metapopulation structure. A metapopulation is a set of breeding sites
within an area, where typical migration from one local occurrence or
breeding site to other areas containing suitable habitat is possible,
but not routine. Movement between areas containing suitable upland and
aquatic habitats (i.e., dispersal) is restricted due to inhospitable
conditions around and between areas of suitable habitats. Because many
of the areas of suitable habitats may be small and support small
numbers of salamanders, local extinction of these small units may be
common. The persistence of a metapopulation depends on the combined
dynamics of these local extinctions and the subsequent recolonization
of these areas through dispersal (Hanski and Gilpin 1991; Hanski 1994).
Stock ponds and vernal pools provide a significant amount of
habitat for the Sonoma population remaining in the Santa Rosa Plain.
More recently manmade stock ponds joined or, in some areas, replaced
vernal pools as breeding habitat.
A landscape that supports a California tiger salamander population,
whether vernal pool or stockpond, is typically grassland with areas of
stockponds or seasonally flooded depressions with an impermeable layer
that form pools which remain wetted for at least 12 weeks in a year
with average rainfall.
Upland areas associated with the water bodies are an important
source of nutrients to stock ponds or vernal pools. These nutrients
provide the foundation for the water body's aquatic community's food
chain. These plants and invertebrate and vertebrate animals are
important providers of food and habitat for salamanders (Proctor et al.
1967; Krapu 1974; Swanson 1974; Morin 1987; Simovich et al. 1991;
Silveira 1996). The uplands may also provide breeding, feeding, and
sheltering habitat for small mammals that adult California tiger
salamanders depend upon for food, shelter, and protection from the
elements and predation.
In summary, the primary constituent elements consist of three
components. At a minimum, these elements will include:
Suitable breeding locations;
Associated uplands surrounding the breeding locations, and
Accessible dispersal habitat connecting breeding habitat
to uplands or other breeding habitat.
Criteria Used To Identify Critical Habitat
We are proposing to designate critical habitat on lands that we
have determined are occupied at the time of listing and contain the
primary constituent elements and have identified other additional areas
that may be essential to the conservation of the California tiger
salamander in Sonoma County. In recognition of the ongoing local
conservation planning, this proposed designation includes all occupied
and potentially unoccupied habitat in Sonoma County with the potential
to support California tiger salamander. While we do not currently have
the information to justify inclusion of these potentially unoccupied
lands, we intend to rely on the public comments to assist in our
determination of which of the lands not identified as occupied at the
time of listing are essential to the conservation of the species. While
we are proposing these potentially unoccupied areas, we are not and
have not made a determination as to whether they are essential to the
conservation of the species. In the months between publication of this
proposal, and publication of a final rule, we will review the
information available to us through public comment and the scientific
literature to determine which of the proposed areas are essential to
the conservation of the species in Sonoma County. We believe this
approach has two benefits. First, it will provide the maximum public
comment on the benefits and potential contribution to California tiger
salamander conservation from the maximum area available. Second, this
approach does not undermine the local effort to encourage participation
by local landowners and local government in the Santa Rosa Plain
Conservation Strategy. The final rule will not include areas that the
Secretary is unable to determine are essential. Therefore, we
particularly seek public comment on particular areas that the public
believes are essential and the basis for that belief.
When determining proposed critical habitat boundaries, we made
every effort to avoid proposing the designation of developed areas such
as buildings, paved areas, extensive vineyards, parks and golf courses,
and other structures that lack PCEs for the California tiger
salamander. Any such structures inadvertently left inside proposed
critical habitat boundaries are not considered part of the proposed
unit. This also applies to the land on which such structures sit
directly. Therefore, Federal actions limited to these areas would not
trigger section 7 consultations, unless they affect the species and/or
primary constituent elements in adjacent critical habitat.
After identifying the PCEs, we used the PCEs in combination with
information on California tiger salamander locations, geographic
distribution, vegetation, topography, geology, soils, distribution of
California tiger salamander occurrences within and between vernal pool
types, watersheds, current land uses, scientific information on the
biology and ecology of the California tiger salamander, and
conservation principles to identify essential habitat. As a result of
this process, the proposed critical habitat unit possesses a
combination of occupied and potential aquatic and upland habitat types,
landscape features, surrounding land uses, vernal pool types, ponds,
topography, and representation of geographical range, and environmental
variability for the California tiger salamander.
Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Act authorizes us to issue permits for
the take of listed species incidental to otherwise lawful activities.
An incidental take permit application must be supported by a habitat
conservation plan (HCP) that identifies conservation measures that the
permittee agrees to implement for the species to the maximum extent
practicable, minimize and mitigate the impacts of the requested
incidental take. These provisions ensure the management of the physical
and biological elements of critical habitat for species covered under
the HCP and in some cases when covered species rely on the same
physical and biological characteristics provide protection and
management for
[[Page 44309]]
non-covered species. We often exclude non-Federal public lands and
private lands that are covered by an existing operative HCP and
executed implementation agreement (IA) under section 10(a)(1)(B) of the
Act from designated critical habitat because the benefits of exclusion
outweigh the benefits of inclusion as discussed in section 4(b)(2) of
the Act. We are not aware of any HCP's under development; therefore, we
are not proposing any areas for exclusion.
In summary, we are proposing to designate critical habitat on lands
that we have determined are occupied at the time of listing and contain
the primary constituent elements and those additional areas that may or
may not be essential to the conservation of the California tiger
salamander in Sonoma County. We do not have adequate data at this point
to make a determination as to whether these areas are essential and so
are requesting that the public comment and provide any information on
the areas as to whether they are or are not essential to the
conservation of the species.
Special Management Considerations or Protections
When designating critical habitat, we assess whether the areas
determined to be essential for conservation may require special
management considerations or protections. Areas in need of management
include not only the immediate locations where the species may be
present, but additional areas adjacent to these that can provide for
normal population fluctuations that may occur in response to natural
and unpredictable events. The Sonoma population of the California tiger
salamander may depend upon habitat components beyond the immediate
areas where individuals of the species occur, if these areas support
the presence of small mammals or are essential in maintaining
ecological processes such as hydrology, expansion of distribution,
recolonization, and maintenance of natural predator-prey relationships.
We believe that the areas proposed for critical habitat may require
special management considerations or protections due to the threats
outlined below:
(1) Introduction of non-native predators such as bullfrogs and fish
can be significant threats to the California tiger salamander breeding
ponds in Sonoma County;
(2) Activities that could disturb aquatic breeding habitats during
the breeding season, such as heavy equipment operation, ground
disturbance, maintenance projects (e.g. pipelines, roads, powerlines),
off-road travel or recreation;
(3) Activities that impair the water quality of aquatic breeding
habitat;
(4) Activities that would reduce small mammal populations to the
point that there is insufficient underground refugia used by California
tiger salamander in Sonoma County for foraging, protection from
predators, and shelter from the elements;
(5) Activities that create barriers impassable for salamanders or
increase mortality in upland habitat between extant occurrences in
breeding habitat; and
(6) Activities that disrupt vernal pool complexes' ability to
support California tiger salamander breeding function.
Proposed Critical Habitat Designation
We are proposing to designate critical habitat for the California
tiger salamander in the Santa Rosa Plain Region. The critical habitat
area described below constitutes our best assessment at this time of
the areas occupied at the time of listing that contain the PCEs and may
require protection or special management, and those areas not
identified as occupied at the time of listing but which may be found to
be essential to the conservation of the species.
The approximate area encompassed within the proposed critical
habitat is 74,223 ac (30,037 ha). The area estimate reflects all land
within the critical habitat unit boundary. We have included areas with
the unit which are already developed or planned for development. The
developed areas would not contain any of the PCEs and would not be
considered as proposed critical habitat for the species. Those
undeveloped areas within and adjacent to developed areas which do
contain the essential habitat features would be considered as proposed
critical habitat for the species.
No federal lands are included in this proposed unit. Although some
State lands occur within the boundaries of proposed critical habitat,
the majority of the areas proposed for critical habitat occur on
private lands. The approximate areas encompassed within the proposal
and the associated land ownership are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.--Approximate Areas Within the Proposed Critical Habitat and Associated Land Ownership
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal lands acres Private and other lands acres
Proposed critical habitat (hectares) State lands acres (hectares) (hectares) Total acres (hectares)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Santa Rosa Plain............. 0 ac (0 ha).................. 887 ac (359 ha)\1\........... 73,336 ac (29,678 ha)........ 74,223 ac (30,037 ha)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Land ownership within the unit includes approximately 676 ac (274 ha) of California Department of Fish and Game lands, 211 ac (85 ha) of State land
Commission lands, and 26 ac (10.5 ha) of County Regional Park (Crane Creek).
We present a brief description of the designation, and reasons why
areas within it may be essential for the conservation of the Sonoma
population of California tiger salamander, below. To our knowledge at
this point each area within the proposed designation contain aquatic,
upland, and dispersal habitats and contain the primary constituent
elements and those additional areas found to be essential to the
conservation of the California tiger salamander.
Proposed Designation Description
This critical habitat designation consists of 74,223 ac (30,037 ha)
located in central Sonoma County, bordered on the west by the Laguna de
Santa Rosa, on the south by Skillman Road northwest of Petaluma, on the
east by the foothills, and on the north by Windsor Creek. The Santa
Rosa Plain and adjacent areas are characterized by vernal pools,
seasonal wetlands, and associated grassland habitat. This proposed
designation represents the northernmost part of the geographic
distribution of California tiger salamander and supports California
tiger salamander breeding through various vernal pool complexes. The
proposed designation encompasses all of the nine vernal pool complexes,
each of which contain wetlands which are currently known to support
breeding California tiger salamander in Sonoma County. At the time of
listing, there were eight known breeding sites and fewer known
occurrences of California tiger salamander within the breeding sites.
[[Page 44310]]
Effects of Critical Habitat Designation
Section 7 Consultation
Section 7 of the Act requires Federal agencies, including the
Service, to ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or carry out are
not likely to destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. In response
to the 9th Circuit Court's decision on Gifford Pinchot the Service has
provided direction regarding the analysis of adverse modification of
critical habitat. Such alterations include, but are not limited to:
Alterations adversely modifying any of those physical or biological
features that were the basis for determining the habitat to be
critical.'' We are currently reviewing the regulatory definition of
adverse modification in relation to the conservation of the species.
Section 7(a) of the Act requires Federal agencies, including the
Service, to evaluate their actions with respect to any species that is
proposed or listed as endangered or threatened and with respect to its
critical habitat, if any is proposed or designated. Regulations
implementing this interagency cooperation provision of the Act are
codified at 50 CFR part 402.
Section 7(a)(4) of the Act requires Federal agencies to confer with
us on any action that is likely to jeopardize the continued existence
of a proposed species or result in destruction or adverse modification
of proposed critical habitat. Conference reports provide conservation
recommendations to assist the agency in eliminating conflicts that may
be caused by the proposed action. We may issue a formal conference
report if requested by a Federal agency. Formal conference reports on
proposed critical habitat contain an opinion that is prepared according
to 50 CFR 402.14, as if critical habitat were designated. We may adopt
the formal conference report as the biological opinion when the
critical habitat is designated, if no substantial new information or
changes in the action alter the content of the opinion (see 50 CFR
402.10(d)). The conservation recommendations in a conference report are
advisory.
If a species is listed or critical habitat is designated, section
7(a)(2) requires Federal agencies to ensure that activities they
authorize, fund, or carry out are not likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of such a species or to destroy or adversely modify
its critical habitat. If a Federal action may affect a listed species
or its critical habitat, the responsible Federal agency (action agency)
must enter into consultation with us. Through this consultation, the
action agency ensures that its actions do not destroy or adversely
modify critical habitat.
When we issue a biological opinion concluding that a project is
likely to result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical
habitat, we also provide reasonable and prudent alternatives to the
project, if any are identifiable. ``Reasonable and prudent
alternatives'' are defined at 50 CFR 402.02 as alternative actions
identified during consultation that can be implemented in a manner
consistent with the intended purpose of the action, that are consistent
with the scope of the Federal agency's legal authority and
jurisdiction, that are economically and technologically feasible, and
that the Director believes would avoid destruction or adverse
modification of critical habitat. Reasonable and prudent alternatives
can vary from slight project modifications to extensive redesign or
relocation of the project. Costs associated with implementing a
reasonable and prudent alternative are similarly variable.
Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require Federal agencies to reinitiate
consultation on previously reviewed actions in instances where critical
habitat is subsequently designated and the Federal agency has retained
discretionary involvement or control over the action or such
discretionary involvement or control is authorized by law.
Consequently, some Federal agencies may request reinitiation of
consultation or conference with us on actions for which formal
consultation has been completed, if those actions may affect designated
critical habitat or adversely modify or destroy proposed critical
habitat.
Federal activities that may affect the California tiger salamander
or its critical habitat will require section 7 consultation. Activities
on private or State lands requiring a permit from a Federal agency,
such as a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under section
404 of the Clean Water Act, a section 10(a)(1)(B) permit from the
Service, or some other Federal action, including funding (e.g., Federal
Highway Administration or Federal Emergency Management Agency funding),
will also continue to be subject to the section 7 consultation process.
Federal actions not affecting listed species or critical habitat and
actions on non-Federal and private lands that are not federally funded,
authorized, or permitted do not require section 7 consultation.
Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us to briefly evaluate and
describe in any proposed or final regulation that designates critical
habitat those activities involving a Federal action that may destroy or
adversely modify such habitat, or that may be affected by such
designation. Activities that may destroy or adversely modify critical
habitat may also jeopardize the continued existence of the California
tiger salamander. Federal activities that, when carried out, may
adversely affect critical habitat for the California tiger salamander
include, but are not limited to:
(1) Actions that would significantly compromise the function of
vernal pools, swales, ponds, and other seasonal wetlands as described
in Primary Constituent Elements section (see 1). Such
activities could include, but are not limited to, constructing new
structures, vineyards, and roads; disking; grading; and water
diversion. These activities could destroy California tiger salamander
breeding sites, reduce the hydrological regime necessary for successful
larval metamorphosis, and/or eliminate or reduce the habitat necessary
for the growth and reproduction of the California tiger salamander.
(2) Actions that would significantly fragment and isolate aquatic
and upland habitat. Such activities could include, but are not limited
to, constructing new structures and new roads. These activities could
limit or prevent the dispersal of California tiger salamanders from
breeding sites to upland habitat or vice versa due to obstructions to
movement composed of structures, certain types of curbs, or increased
traffic density. These activities could compromise the metapopulation
structure of the Sonoma population by reducing opportunities for
recolonization of some sites that may have experienced natural local
extinctions.
All lands proposed for designation as critical habitat are within
the geographic area occupied by the species, and may be used by the
California tiger salamander, whether for foraging, breeding, growth of
larvae and juveniles, dispersal, migration, genetic exchange, or
sheltering. Areas within the Santa Rosa Plain proposed critical habitat
unit that contain the primary constituent elements may be essential to
the conservation of the California tiger salamander. Federal agencies
already consult with us on activities in areas currently occupied by
the species or if the species may be affected by the action to ensure
that their actions do not jeopardize the continued existence of the
species. Consultations could arise if a project is proposed within a
temporarily unoccupied portion of a critical habitat unit and primary
constituent elements of the designated
[[Page 44311]]
critical habitat may be adversely affected by the project.
Pursuant to section 4(b)(2) of the Act, we must consider relevant
impacts in addition to economic ones. Lands within the designation of
critical habitat for the Sonoma population are not owned or managed by
the Department of Defense, there are currently no habitat conservation
plans for the California tiger salamander in Sonoma County, and the
designation does not include any Tribal lands or trust resources.
Economic Analysis
An analysis of the economic impacts of proposing critical habitat
for the California tiger salamander in Sonoma County is being prepared.
We will announce the availability of the draft economic analysis as
soon as it is completed, at which time we will seek public review and
comment. At that time, copies of the draft economic analysis will be
available for downloading from the Internet at http://www.fws.gov/pacific/sacramento
, or by contacting the Sacramento Fish and Wildlife
Office (see ADDRESSES section).
Peer Review
In accordance with our joint policy published in the Federal
Register on July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34270), we will seek the expert
opinions of at least three appropriate and independent specialists
regarding this proposed rule. The purpose of such review is to ensure
that our critical habitat designation is based on scientifically sound
data, assumptions, and analyses. We will send these peer reviewers
copies of this proposed rule immediately following publication in the
Federal Register. We will invite these peer reviewers to comment,
during the public comment period, on the data used, specific
assumptions and conclusions regarding the proposed designation of
critical habitat.
We will consider all comments and information received during the
comment period on this proposed rule during preparation of a final
rulemaking. Accordingly, the final rule may differ from this proposed
rule.
Public Hearing
Section 4(b)(5)(E) of the Act requires that a public hearing be
held if it is requested within 45 days of the publication of a proposed
rule. Given the high likelihood of a request, we have scheduled a
public hearing to be held on August 4, 2005, at the Flamingo Hotel,
2777 Fourth Street in Santa Rosa, California from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. and
6 p.m. to 8 p.m. Registration will begin a half-hour before each
session. Anyone wishing to make oral comments for the record at the
public hearing is encouraged to provide a written copy of their
statement and present it to us at the hearing. In the event there is a
large attendance, the time allotted for oral statements may be limited.
Oral and written statements receive equal consideration.
Persons needing special accommodations in order to attend and
participate in the public hearing should contact Patti Carroll at (503)
231-2080 as soon as possible. In order to allow sufficient time to
process requests, please call no later than one week before the hearing
date.
Clarity of the Rule
Executive Order 12866 requires each agency to write regulations and
notices that are easy to understand. We invite your comments on how to
make this proposed rule easier to understand, including answers to
questions such as the following: (1) Are the requirements in the
proposed rule clearly stated? (2) Does the proposed rule contain
technical jargon that interferes with the clarity? (3) Does the format
of the proposed rule (grouping and order of the sections, use of
headings, paragraphing, and so forth) aid or reduce its clarity? (4) Is
the description of the notice in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section
of the preamble helpful in understanding the proposed rule? (5) What
else could we do to make this proposed rule easier to understand?
Send a copy of any comments on how we could make this proposed rule
easier to understand to: Office of Regulatory Affairs, Department of
the Interior, Room 7229, 1849 C Street, NW., Washington, DC 20240. You
may e-mail your comments to this address: Exsec@ios.doi.gov.
Required Determinations
Regulatory Planning and Review
In accordance with Executive Order 12866, this document is a
significant rule in that it may raise novel legal and policy issues,
but it is not anticipated to have an annual effect on the economy of
$100 million or more or affect the economy in a material way. Due to
the tight timeline for publication in the Federal Register, the Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) has not formally reviewed this rule. We
are preparing a draft economic analysis of this proposed action, which
will be available for public comment, to determine the economic
consequences of designating the specific area as critical habitat. This
economic analysis also will be used to determine compliance with
Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Flexibility Act, Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act, and Executive Order 12630.
Within these areas, the types of Federal actions or authorized
activities that we have identified as potential concerns are listed
above in the section on Section 7 Consultation. The availability of the
draft economic analysis will be announced in the Federal Register and
in local newspapers so that it is available for public review and
comments. When available, the draft economic analysis can be obtained
from the Internet Web site at http://www.fws.gov/pacific/sacramento or
by contacting the Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES
section).
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)
Our assessment of economic effect will be completed prior to final
rulemaking based upon review of the draft economic analysis prepared
pursuant to section 4(b)(2) of the ESA and E.O. 12866. This analysis is
for the purposes of compliance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act and
does not reflect our position on the type of economic analysis required
by New Mexico Cattle Growers Assn. v. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 248
F.3d 1277 (10th Cir. 2001).
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
(SBREFA) of 1996), whenever an agency is required to publish a notice
of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make
available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that
describes the effects of the rule on small entities (i.e., small
businesses, small organizations, and small government jurisdictions).
However, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of
the agency certifies the rule will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities. The SBREFA amended
the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) to require Federal agencies to
provide a statement of the factual basis for certifying that the rule
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities.
At this time, the Service lacks the available economic information
necessary to provide an adequate factual basis for the required RFA
finding. Therefore, the RFA finding is deferred until completion of the
draft economic analysis prepared pursuant to section
[[Page 44312]]
4(b)(2) of the ESA and E.O. 12866. This draft economic analysis will
provide the required factual basis for the RFA finding. Upon completion
of the draft economic analysis, the Service will publish a notice of
availability of the draft economic analysis of the proposed designation
and reopen the public comment period for the proposed designation for
an additional 60 days. The Service will include with the notice of
availability, as appropriate, an initial regulatory flexibility
analysis or a certification that the rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities accompanied
by the factual basis for that determination. The Service has concluded
that deferring the RFA finding until completion of the draft economic
analysis is necessary to meet the purposes and requirements of the RFA.
Deferring the RFA finding in this manner will ensure that the Service
makes a sufficiently informed determination based on adequate economic
information and provides the necessary opportunity for public comment.
Executive Order 13211
On May 18, 2001, the President issued an Executive Order (E.O.
13211) on regulations that significantly affect energy supply,
distribution, and use. E.O. 13211 requires agencies to prepare
Statements of Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions. This
proposed rule to designate critical habitat for the Sonoma population
is not a significant regulatory action under E.O. 12866, and it is not
expected to significantly affect energy supplies, distribution, or use.
Therefore, this action is not a significant energy action, and no
Statement of Energy Effects is required.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.)
In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C.
1501), the Service makes the following findings:
(a) This rule will not produce a Federal mandate. In general, a
Federal mandate is a provision in legislation, statute, or regulation
that would impose an enforceable duty upon State, local, tribal
governments, or the private sector and includes both ``Federal
intergovernmental mandates'' and ``Federal private sector mandates.''
These terms are defined in 2 U.S.C. 658(5)-(7). ``Federal
intergovernmental mandate'' includes a regulation that ``would impose
an enforceable duty upon State, local, or tribal governments'' with two
exceptions. It excludes ``a condition of Federal assistance.'' It also
excludes ``a duty arising from participation in a voluntary Federal
program,'' unless the regulation ``relates to a then-existing Federal
program under which $500,000,000 or more is provided annually to State,
local, and tribal governments under entitlement authority,'' if the
provision would ``increase the stringency of conditions of assistance''
or ``place caps upon, or otherwise decrease, the Federal Government's
responsibility to provide funding,'' and the State, local, or tribal
governments ``lack authority'' to adjust accordingly. At the time of
enactment, these entitlement programs were: Medicaid; AFDC work
programs; Child Nutrition; Food Stamps; Social Services Block Grants;
Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants; Foster Care, Adoption
Assistance, and Independent Living; Family Support Welfare Services;
and Child Support Enforcement. ``Federal private sector mandate''
includes a regulation that ``would impose an enforceable duty upon the
private sector, except (i) a condition of Federal assistance or (ii) a
duty arising from participation in a voluntary Federal program.''
The designation of critical habitat does not impose a legally
binding duty on non-Federal government entities or private parties.
Under the Act, the only regulatory effect is that Federal agencies must
ensure that their actions do not destroy or adversely modify critical
habitat under section 7. While non-Federal entities that receive
Federal funding, assistance, or permits, or that otherwise require
approval or authorization from a Federal agency for an action, may be
indirectly impacted by the designation of critical habitat, the legally
binding duty to avoid destruction or adverse modification of critical
habitat rests squarely on the Federal agency. Furthermore, to the
extent that non-Federal entities are indirectly impacted because they
receive Federal assistance or participate in a voluntary Federal aid
program, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act would not apply; nor would
critical habitat shift the costs of the large entitlement programs
listed above on to State governments.
(b) We do not believe that this rule will significantly or uniquely
affect small governments. The lands being proposed for critical habitat
are mostly private lands with some other local government lands. Given
the distribution of this species, small governments will not be
uniquely affected by this proposed rule. Small governments will not be
affected at all unless they propose an action requiring Federal funds,
permits, or other authorization. Any such activity will require that
the involved Federal agency ensure that the action is not likely to
adversely modify or destroy designated critical habitat. However, as
discussed above, Federal agencies are currently required to ensure that
any such activity is not likely to jeopardize the species, and no
further regulatory impacts from the designation of critical habitat are
anticipated. Because we believe this rule will not significantly or
uniquely affect small governments, a Small Government Agency Plan is
not required. We will, however, further evaluate this issue as we
conduct our economic analysis and revise this assessment if
appropriate.
Takings
In accordance with Executive Order 12630 (``Government Actions and
Interference with Constitutionally Protected Private Property
Rights''), the rule is not anticipated to have significant takings
implications. A takings implication assessment is not required. As
discussed above, the designation of critical habitat affects only
Federal agency actions. Although private parties that receive Federal
funding, or assistance or require approval or authorization from a
Federal agency for an action may be indirectly impacted by the
designation of critical habitat, the legally binding duty to avoid
destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat rests squarely
on the Federal agency. Due to current public knowledge of the species'
protection, the prohibition against take of the species both within and
outside of the designated areas, and the fact that critical habitat
provides no incremental restrictions, we do not anticipate that
property values will be affected by the proposed critical habitat
designation. While real estate market values may temporarily decline
following designation, due to the perception that critical habitat
designation may impose additional regulatory burdens on land use, we
expect any such impacts to be short term. Additionally, critical
habitat designation does not preclude development of HCPs and issuance
of incidental take permits. Owners of areas that are included in the
designated critical habitat will continue to have opportunity to use
their property in ways consistent with the survival of the California
tiger salamander. Once the economic analysis is available, we will
review and revise this preliminary assessment as warranted.
[[Page 44313]]
Federalism
In accordance with Executive Order 13132, the rule does not have
significant Federalism effects. A Federalism assessment is not
required. In keeping with DOI and Department of Commerce policy, we
requested information from, and coordinated development of, this
proposed critical habitat designation with appropriate State of
California resource agencies. The designation of critical habitat in
areas currently occupied by the California tiger salamander imposes no
additional restrictions to those currently in place and, therefore, has
little incremental impact on State and local governments and their
activities. The designation may have some benefit to these governments
in that the areas essential to the conservation of the species are more
clearly defined, and the primary constituent elements of the habitat
necessary to the survival of the species are specifically identified.
While making this definition and identification does not alter where
and what federally sponsored activities may occur, it may assist these
local governments in long-range planning (rather than waiting for case-
by-case section 7 consultations to occur).
Civil Justice Reform
In accordance with Executive Order 12988, the Office of the
Solicitor has determined that the rule does not unduly burden the
judicial system and that it meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and
3(b)(2) of the Order. We have proposed designating critical habitat in
accordance with the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. This
proposed rule uses standard property descriptions and identifies the
primary constituent elements within the designated areas to assist the
public in understanding the habitat needs of the California tiger
salamander.
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)
This rule does not contain any new collections of information that
require approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act. This rule
will not impose recordkeeping or reporting requirements on State or
local governments, individuals, businesses, or organizations. An agency
may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to,
a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB
control number.
National Environmental Policy Act
It is our position that, outside the Tenth Circuit, we do not need
to prepare environmental analyses as defined by the NEPA in connection
with designating critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended. We published a notice outlining our reasons for this
determination in the Federal Register on October 25, 1983 (48 FR
49244). This assertion was upheld in the courts of the Ninth Circuit
(Douglas County v. Babbitt, 48 F.3d 1495 (9th Cir. Ore. 1995), cert.
denied 116 S. Ct. 698 (1996).
Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes
In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994,
``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal
Governments'' (59 FR 22951), Executive Order 13175, and the Department
of Interior's Manual at 512 DM 2, we readily acknowledge our
responsibility to communicate meaningfully with recognized Federal
tribes on a government-to-government basis. We have determined that
there are no Tribal lands essential for the conservation of the
California tiger salamander. Therefore, designation of critical habitat
for the Sonoma population of the California tiger salamander has not
been designated on Tribal lands.
References Cited
A complete list of all references cited in this rulemaking is
available upon request from the Field Supervisor, Sacramento Fish and
Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES section).
Author
The primary author of this package is the Sacramento Fish and
Wildlife Office staff.
List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17
Endangered and threatened species, Exports, Imports, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Transportation.
Proposed Regulation Promulgation
Accordingly, we propose to amend part 17, subchapter B of chapter
I, title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as set forth below:
PART 17--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 17 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1544; 16 U.S.C.
4201-4245; Pub. L. 99-625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted.
2. The entry for ``Salamander, California tiger'' in Sec.
17.11(h), which was proposed to be further revised on August 10, 2004
at 69 FR 48570, is further revised as follows:
Sec. 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.
* * * * *
(h) * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Species Vertebrate
-------------------------------------------------- population where Critical
Historic range endangered or Status When listed habitat Special rules
Common name Scientific name threatened
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Amphibians
* * * * * * *
Salamander, California........ Ambystoma U.S.A. (CA)...... U.S.A. (CA)...... T 667E, 702, 744 17.95(d) 17.43(c)
californiense..
* * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. In critical habitat for the California tiger salamander
(Ambystoma californiense) in Sec. 17.95(d), which was proposed to be
revised on August 10, 2004, at 69 FR 48570, is proposed to be further
amended by revising the heading and adding paragraphs (63) through (67)
as follows:
Sec. 17.95 Critical habitat--fish and wildlife.
* * * * *
(d) Amphibians.
* * * * *
California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense)
* * * * *
[[Page 44314]]
California Tiger Salamander in Sonoma County
(63) Critical habitat units are depicted for Sonoma County,
California, on the maps below.
(64) The primary constituent elements (PCEs) of critical habitat
for the Sonoma County population of the California tiger salamander
(CTS) are the habitat components that provide:
(i) Standing bodies of fresh water, including natural and manmade
(e.g., stock) ponds, vernal pools, vernal pool complexes, and other
ephemeral or permanent water bodies that typically become inundated
during winter rains and hold water for a sufficient length of time
(i.e., 12 weeks in a year of average rainfall) necessary for the
species to complete the aquatic portion of its life cycle.
(ii) Upland habitats adjacent and accessible to and from breeding
ponds that contain small mammal burrows, or other underground habitat
that California tiger salamanders depend upon for food, shelter, and
protection from the elements and predation.
(iii) Accessible upland dispersal habitat between occupied
locations (paragraphs 1 and 64 (i) for this proposed designation) that
allow for movement between such sites.
(65) Critical habitat does not include manmade structures existing
on the effective date of this rule and not containing one or more of
the primary constituent elements, such as buildings, flood control
channels, airport buildings, structures and runways, highways, the land
on which such structures are located, and other developed areas not
containing one or more of the primary constituent elements.
Critical Habitat Map Unit
(66) Data layers defining map units were created on a base of USGS
7.5' quadrangles, and critical habitat units were then mapped using
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates.
(67) Unit 1: Santa Rosa Plain Unit, Sonoma County, California.
(i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle map Healdsburg, Sebastopol, Santa
Rosa, Two Rock, Cotati, Petaluma, and Mark West Springs, California,
land bounded by the following UTM 10 NAD 83 coordinates (E,N):
523679,4258509; 523834,4258467; 524018,4258341; 524190,4258157;
4293,4257939; 524443,4257767; 524695,4257629; 524890,4257468;
525074,4257239; 525235,4257066; 25441,4256848; 525510,4256779;
525740,4256378; 525889,4256217; 526256,4255953; 26451,4255873;
526807,4255574; 526991,4255333; 527266,4255184; 527312,4254610;
527312,4254515; 27369,4254491; 527557,4254495; 527640,4254481;
527649,4254480; 527689,4254470; 27713,4254454; 27723,4254437;
527721,4254421; 527720,4254402; 527747,4254403; 527761,4254408;
527775,4254392; 27845,4254312; 527941,4254207; 528190,4254143;
528241,4254099; 528386,4254098; 528469,4254054; 28585,4253998;
528654,4253985; 528811,4253949; 528976,4253912; 529206,4253788;
529380,4253622; 29440,4253566; 529495,4253515; 529563,4253538;
529685,4253594; 529713,4253634; 529721,4253637; 29726,4253637;
529735,4253634; 529747,4253630; 529758,4253627; 529766,4253620;
29773,4253614; 29775,4253607; 529780,4253594; 529783,4253580;
529786,4253573; 529793,4253552; 529807,4253539; 29809,4253535;
529817,4253524; 529820,4253514; 529824,4253500; 529824,4253497;
529826,4253494; 29828,4253477; 529830,4253469; 529837,4253458;
529848,4253446; 529850,4253444; 529854,4253442; 29865,4253431;
529868,4253422; 529872,4253414; 529875,4253389; 529885,4253369;
529889,4253359; 29896,4253353; 529903,4253348; 529915,4253344;
529919,4253343; 529930,4253339; 29938,4253339; 29950,4253340;
529958,4253339; 529964,4253338; 529984,4253332; 529996,4253315;
530001,4253304; 29997,4253293; 529996,4253287; 529993,4253277;
529994,4253268; 529995,4253259; 529997,4253249; 30005,4253241;
530013,4253234; 530021,4253230; 530040,4253222; 530060,4253214;
530068,4253209; 30073,4253200; 530074,4253194; 530071,4253191;
530068,4253187; 530056,4253182; 530040,4253175; 30037,4253170;
530036,4253167; 530027,4253153; 530018,4253139; 530016,4253136;
30013,4253128; 30008,4253116; 530007,4253112; 530004,4253103;
530003,4253094; 529999,4253084; 530001,4253073; 30006,4253063;
530008,4253056; 530011,4253055; 530018,4253051; 530029,4253045;
530040,4253039; 30047,4253035; 530054,4253029; 530061,4253022;
530068,4253017; 530078,4253011; 530093,4253004; 530096,4253002;
30123,4253001; 530113,4252984; 530114,4252974; 530105,4252964;
530102,4252953; 30099,4252946; 30095,4252939; 530084,4252930;
530075,4252919; 530071,4252916; 530068,4252912; 530055,4252904;
30043,4252891; 530040,4252889; 530033,4252884; 530025,4252879;
530013,4252867; 530010,4252864; 30007,4252858; 530002,4252847;
529998,4252836; 529997,4252824; 529997,4252820; 529996,4252809;
29993,4252801; 529985,4252784; 529983,4252779; 529974,4252765;
529969,4252754; 529967,4252744; 29965,4252734; 529964,4252726;
529965,4252719; 529966,4252707; 529966,4252699; 29969,4252688;
29970,4252683; 529972,4252671; 529976,4252661; 529981,4252647;
529983,4252644; 529985,4252637; 29990,4252621; 529992,4252616;
529992,4252610; 529992,4252596; 529992,4252588; 529993,4252581;
29995,4252571; 529996,4252561; 530002,4252550; 530010,4252536;
530013,4252532; 530024,4252517; 30028,4252506; 530030,4252495;
530030,4252489; 530031,4252478; 530030,4252468; 530030,4252461;
30030,4252451; 530026,4252437; 530024,4252423; 530022,4252414;
530021,4252404; 30020,4252396; 30020,4252389; 530019,4252375;
530020,4252368; 530020,4252361; 530019,4252347; 530019,4252341;
30019,4252334; 530018,4252318; 530018,4252313; 530021,4252306;
530021,4252294; 530025,4252286; 30029,4252275; 530040,4252260;
530044,4252235; 530046,4252231; 530050,4252221; 530051,4252214;
30059,4252203; 530062,4252197; 530068,4252184; 530071,4252178;
530092,4252179; 530095,4252177; 30095,4252174; 530070,4252173;
530068,4252169; 530060,4252156; 530057,4252148; 30050,4252139;
30046,4252126; 530044,4252121; 530043,4252118; 530040,4252093;
530034,4252071; 530033,4252065; 30023,4252055; 530013,4252042;
530011,4252040; 530006,4252031; 530001,4252023; 529996,4252010;
29994,4252002; 529992,4251990; 529991,4251983; 529990,4251978;
529988,4251958; 529987,4251953; 29985,4251932; 529985,4251928;
529982,4251903; 529982,4251900; 529982,4251897; 529980,4251878;
29980,4251873; 529976,4251864; 529974,4251857; 529970,4251845;
529965,4251838; 29958,4251832; 29952,4251823; 529950,4251818;
529949,4251809; 529948,4251800; 529948,4251790; 529951,4251783;
29958,4251776; 529966,4251771; 529981,4251763; 529985,4251760;
529999,4251749; 530013,4251741; 30016,4251739; 530020,4251735;
530024,4251724; 530025,4251720; 530029,4251708; 530030,4251697;
30040,4251680; 530044,4251656; 530045,4251653; 530046,4251647;
530047,4251632; 530049,4251625; 30049,4251616; 530048,4251605;
530049,4251597;
[[Page 44315]]
530047,4251591; 530046,4251576; 30045,4251570; 30044,4251566;
530040,4251550; 530039,4251571; 530039,4251596; 530038,4251600;
530037,4251622; 30036,4251625; 530034,4251632; 530035,4251647;
530020,4251653; 530018,4251657; 530013,4251657; 30010,4251680;
530008,4251685; 530005,4251700; 529997,4251708; 529994,4251716;
529985,4251718; 29975,4251725; 529969,4251724; 529958,4251727;
529953,4251730; 529929,4251735; 529916,4251748; 29903,4251754;
529896,4251756; 529878,4251759; 529873,4251760; 529850,4251763;
29869,4251769; 29875,4251770; 529886,4251779; 529894,4251790;
529895,4251798; 529893,4251808; 529894,4251818; 29888,4251833;
529882,4251845; 529881,4251851; 529879,4251869; 529878,4251875;
529876,4251901; 29875,4251906; 529872,4251928; 529871,4251932;
529867,4251947; 529864,4251955; 529859,4251967; 29857,4251973;
529853,4251983; 529851,4251986; 529848,4251990; 529836,4251999;
529823,4252010; 29820,4252012; 529817,4252014; 529801,4252019;
529793,4252023; 529778,4252024; 29765,4252024; 29753,4252022;
529747,4252020; 529738,4252017; 529724,4252024; 529710,4252029;
529704,4252032; 29685,4252036; 529681,4252037; 529668,4252038;
529655,4252040; 529650,4252043; 529640,4252050; 29627,4252055;
529622,4252060; 529611,4252065; 529603,4252069; 529600,4252069;
529595,4252070; 29579,4252072; 529572,4252073; 529560,4252081;
529549,4252089; 529545,4252092; 529543,4252095; 29534,4252109;
529523,4252115; 529516,4252119; 529512,4252121; 529499,4252130;
29490,4252134; 29481,4252139; 529468,4252148; 529465,4252151;
529462,4252155; 529456,4252169; 529452,4252176; 29444,4252185;
529435,4252190; 529429,4252197; 529424,4252203; 529416,4252212;
529407,4252218; 29399,4252222; 529387,4252231; 529383,4252234;
529380,4252236; 529374,4252236; 529358,4252237; 29352,4252237;
529347,4252236; 529338,4252231; 529329,4252227; 529325,4252225;
529321,4252226; 29307,4252231; 529297,4252234; 529293,4252235;
529277,4252238; 529270,4252239; 29263,4252238; 29247,4252231;
529244,4252229; 529240,4252228; 529228,4252231; 529215,4252234;
529203,4252246; 29192,4252258; 529190,4252261; 529187,4252263;
529179,4252266; 529171,4252270; 529159,4252273; 29146,4252271;
529138,4252264; 529132,4252260; 529123,4252276; 529123,4252286;
529123,4252294; 29122,4252304; 529123,4252313; 529117,4252326;
529116,4252330; 529110,4252341; 529108,4252344; 29104,4252352;
529100,4252364; 529098,4252368; 529093,4252380; 529092,4252383;
29087,4252396; 29082,4252401; 529077,4252406; 529066,4252413;
529058,4252423; 529053,4252427; 529049,4252430; 29037,4252438;
529025,4252451; 529022,4252454; 529012,4252461; 529007,4252464;
528994,4252476; 28992,4252478; 528979,4252491; 528972,4252500;
528967,4252508; 528958,4252515; 528953,4252519; 28939,4252530;
528936,4252533; 528923,4252544; 528912,4252554; 528907,4252557;
528896,4252561; 28888,4252565; 528884,4252566; 528878,4252567;
528864,4252568; 528857,4252569; 28847,4252579; 28830,4252589;
528817,4252603; 528804,4252613; 528801,4252616; 528784,4252626;
528774,4252632; 28763,4252632; 528755,4252636; 528747,4252635;
528738,4252635; 528726,4252644; 528721,4252646; 28719,4252652;
528716,4252671; 528710,4252680; 528707,4252686; 528699,4252692;
528690,4252697; 28665,4252698; 528662,4252699; 528649,4252711;
528636,4252718; 528632,4252722; 528619,4252726; 28612,4252729;
528609,4252731; 528600,4252735; 528594,4252738; 528581,4252743;
28577,4252749; 28568,4252754; 528560,4252759; 528554,4252762;
528541,4252768; 528537,4252770; 528526,4252776; 28524,4252779;
528521,4252781; 528517,4252791; 528514,4252797; 528509,4252809;
528506,4252815; 28499,4252830; 528497,4252836; 528495,4252840;
528489,4252854; 528481,4252864; 528478,4252870; 28471,4252876;
528462,4252882; 528444,4252891; 528429,4252904; 528416,4252916;
528414,4252919; 28402,4252932; 528388,4252946; 528386,4252949;
528377,4252963; 528361,4252974; 28353,4252993; 28348,4253001;
528344,4253012; 528334,4253019; 528328,4253024; 528323,4253029;
528326,4253036; 28334,4253039; 528342,4253038; 528351,4253039;
528361,4253038; 528374,4253044; 528385,4253056; 28386,4253059;
528385,4253080; 528386,4253084; 528384,4253089; 528379,4253102;
528376,4253112; 28371,4253121; 528361,4253133; 528358,4253139;
528357,4253144; 528353,4253158; 528349,4253167; 28346,4253182;
528342,4253194; 528340,4253201; 528334,4253212; 528329,4253217;
28324,4253222; 28314,4253229; 528306,4253233; 528296,4253239;
528280,4253247; 528278,4253249; 528264,4253262; 28251,4253268;
528243,4253269; 528229,4253272; 528224,4253272; 528219,4253272;
528200,4253272; 28196,4253271; 528189,4253270; 528176,4253269;
528168,4253265; 528156,4253264; 528141,4253262; 28132,4253259;
528121,4253257; 528113,4253255; 528108,4253254; 528094,4253249;
528088,4253247; 28081,4253244; 528067,4253240; 528058,4253233;
528055,4253245; 528049,4253249; 28055,4253253; 28058,4253254;
528069,4253260; 528079,4253256; 528074,4253264; 528077,4253277;
528081,4253282; 28086,4253294; 528091,4253299; 528092,4253304;
528097,4253316; 528099,4253319; 528102,4253332; 28103,4253342;
528104,4253349; 528104,4253359; 528103,4253369; 528105,4253378;
528103,4253387; 28101,4253402; 528097,4253414; 528102,4253426;
528104,4253432; 528107,4253442; 528110,4253445; 28113,4253455;
528118,4253465; 528119,4253469; 528119,4253475; 528120,4253490;
28121,4253497; 28120,4253504; 528120,4253518; 528120,4253524;
528119,4253530; 528115,4253552; 528113,4253556; 28105,4253572;
528101,4253580; 528095,4253589; 528086,4253598; 528080,4253601;
528064,4253607; 28058,4253610; 528055,4253611; 528038,4253615;
528031,4253616; 528022,4253616; 528012,4253616; 28003,4253615;
527994,4253617; 527986,4253618; 527976,4253619; 527964,4253623;
527959,4253624; 27948,4253627; 527941,4253628; 527927,4253628;
527921,4253629; 527915,4253629; 27893,4253633; 27892,4253636;
527887,4253656; 527887,4253662; 527885,4253670; 527884,4253680;
527881,4253690; 27874,4253698; 527866,4253704; 527859,4253710;
527850,4253717; 527845,4253724; 527838,4253732; 27829,4253736;
527811,4253744; 527808,4253745; 527791,4253753; 527783,4253757;
527772,4253761; 27764,4253764; 527756,4253766; 527751,4253768;
527738,4253772; 527731,4253775; 527728,4253776; 27723,4253777;
527708,4253780; 527700,4253781; 527693,4253779; 527679,4253778;
27673,4253777; 27669,4253776; 527661,4253772; 527650,4253768;
527645,4253766; 527633,4253760; 527618,4253748; 27615,4253745;
527606,4253732; 527595,4253717; 527593,4253714; 527590,4253709;
527583,4253697; 27577,4253690; 527571,4253682; 527563,4253676;
[[Page 44316]]
527553,4253672; 527538,4253662; 527532,4253662; 27518,4253673;
527511,4253687; 527508,4253692; 527498,4253708; 527492,4253717;
527486,4253723; 27480,4253728; 527469,4253729; 527465,4253730;
527453,4253730; 527441,4253729; 27437,4253729; 27425,4253728;
527414,4253728; 527409,4253729; 527398,4253729; 527383,4253732;
527370,4253734; 27362,4253736; 527345,4253743; 527341,4253744;
527336,4253745; 527315,4253748; 527311,4253749; 27295,4253752;
527288,4253754; 527277,4253755; 527271,4253755; 527260,4253757;
527246,4253758; 27233,4253760; 527222,4253755; 527208,4253745;
527206,4253718; 527200,4253717; 527182,4253722; 27177,4253720;
527173,4253722; 527161,4253728; 527150,4253731; 527139,4253734;
27130,4253737; 27122,4253739; 527114,4253736; 527105,4253734;
527095,4253729; 527089,4253723; 527086,4253717; 27086,4253708;
527085,4253699; 527086,4253690; 527088,4253683; 527094,4253663;
527104,4253644; 27109,4253635; 527115,4253627; 527122,4253615;
527126,4253610; 527127,4253607; 527130,4253600; 27134,4253591;
527137,4253580; 527141,4253570; 527147,4253555; 527148,4253552;
527150,4253548; 27157,4253532; 527161,4253524; 527162,4253512;
527163,4253497; 527168,4253487; 527177,4253473; 27181,4253469;
527185,4253462; 527190,4253454; 527195,4253442; 527198,4253435;
527203,4253416; 27204,4253413; 527216,4253398; 527224,4253387;
527227,4253381; 527233,4253369; 527236,4253362; 27236,4253359;
527237,4253355; 527240,4253340; 527241,4253332; 527245,4253319;
527251,4253304; 27249,4253294; 527260,4253289; 527264,4253281;
527269,4253277; 527268,4253268; 527260,4253263; 27255,4253272;
527244,4253277; 527242,4253286; 527233,4253283; 527223,4253295;
27212,4253304; 27209,4253308; 527205,4253309; 527196,4253323;
527190,4253332; 527185,4253339; 527177,4253344; 27169,4253351;
527159,4253359; 527155,4253364; 527150,4253366; 527138,4253375;
527129,4253387; 27127,4253391; 527122,4253394; 527112,4253398;
527107,4253399; 527095,4253403; 527082,4253400; 27076,4253396;
527067,4253390; 527064,4253387; 527063,4253383; 527061,4253366;
527060,4253359; 27061,4253353; 527067,4253333; 527076,4253313;
527079,4253304; 527083,4253293; 27088,4253284; 27091,4253277;
527095,4253271; 527104,4253258; 527115,4253249; 527119,4253246;
527122,4253241; 27129,4253228; 527134,4253222; 527141,4253212;
527149,4253195; 527160,4253177; 527169,4253167; 27171,4253160;
527177,4253143; 527178,4253140; 527180,4253114; 527179,4253110;
527177,4253104; 27172,4253090; 527169,4253084; 527161,4253072;
527156,4253063; 527152,4253056; 527154,4253053; 27159,4253038;
527162,4253029; 527162,4253017; 527161,4253012; 527160,4253001;
27155,4252996; 27150,4252988; 527143,4252981; 527139,4252974;
527133,4252963; 527122,4252948; 527103,4252938; 27095,4252933;
527084,4252930; 527072,4252923; 527067,4252922; 527065,4252919;
527067,4252912; 27073,4252897; 527073,4252891; 527081,4252878;
527090,4252864; 527089,4252858; 527089,4252842; 27088,4252836;
527076,4252828; 527067,4252822; 527059,4252817; 527052,4252809;
527048,4252801; 27040,4252786; 527038,4252783; 527035,4252776;
527031,4252763; 527028,4252754; 27033,4252747; 27040,4252742;
527048,4252734; 527059,4252726; 527064,4252723; 527067,4252722;
527080,4252713; 27095,4252703; 527097,4252701; 527100,4252699;
527112,4252688; 527122,4252684; 527133,4252682; 27140,4252681;
527150,4252679; 527159,4252680; 527168,4252680; 527177,4252681;
527188,4252682; 27195,4252681; 527205,4252682; 527215,4252681;
527227,4252677; 527233,4252676; 527239,4252678; 27254,4252677;
527260,4252681; 527265,4252676; 527266,4252671; 527264,4252667;
27260,4252657; 27252,4252651; 527251,4252644; 527243,4252633;
527239,4252623; 527236,4252616; 527233,4252610; 27224,4252597;
527219,4252588; 527214,4252580; 527208,4252564; 527206,4252561;
527205,4252555; 27200,4252539; 527198,4252533; 527188,4252523;
527177,4252511; 527175,4252508; 527163,4252493; 27159,4252488;
527153,4252478; 527151,4252452; 527153,4252448; 527161,4252435;
527169,4252423; 27172,4252418; 527177,4252410; 527185,4252403;
527193,4252396; 527196,4252387; 27204,4252369; 27201,4252344;
527201,4252341; 527201,4252337; 527203,4252315; 527204,4252312;
527214,4252294; 27220,4252286; 527225,4252279; 527233,4252271;
527240,4252265; 527257,4252258; 527260,4252256; 27270,4252241;
527287,4252231; 527308,4252223; 527315,4252220; 527327,4252215;
527339,4252203; 27340,4252200; 527336,4252182; 527337,4252176;
527338,4252171; 527343,4252151; 527344,4252147; 27348,4252126;
527349,4252121; 527350,4252113; 527352,4252102; 527353,4252093;
27360,4252083; 27367,4252069; 527369,4252065; 527370,4252061;
527378,4252046; 527380,4252038; 527380,4252028; 27381,4252022;
527382,4252010; 527386,4251999; 527390,4251990; 527394,4251983;
527398,4251976; 27407,4251964; 527412,4251955; 527419,4251949;
527425,4251941; 527431,4251933; 527433,4251928; 27443,4251918;
527453,4251914; 527462,4251909; 527479,4251900; 527476,4251896;
527480,4251894; 27482,4251875; 527477,4251873; 527465,4251885;
527453,4251885; 527442,4251884; 27437,4251884; 27425,4251883;
527415,4251883; 527408,4251883; 527398,4251883; 527388,4251882;
527377,4251880; 27370,4251879; 527365,4251878; 527353,4251873;
527346,4251869; 527343,4251867; 527336,4251866; 27323,4251865;
527315,4251864; 527306,4251863; 527297,4251863; 527288,4251862;
527274,4251859; 27260,4251853; 527255,4251850; 527251,4251845;
527238,4251840; 527233,4251838; 527224,4251837; 27214,4251836;
527205,4251835; 527197,4251837; 527183,4251845; 527181,4251849;
27177,4251853; 27174,4251873; 527169,4251881; 527165,4251888;
527156,4251900; 527153,4251904; 527150,4251907; 27140,4251918;
527127,4251928; 527122,4251931; 527114,4251936; 527107,4251940;
527095,4251946; 27089,4251949; 527070,4251955; 527066,4251957;
527047,4251963; 527040,4251964; 527029,4251966; 27024,4251967;
527012,4251969; 527002,4251966; 526987,4251958; 526984,4251956;
526968,4251944; 26962,4251932; 526959,4251928; 526946,4251917;
526943,4251914; 526934,4251905; 26929,4251900; 26910,4251908;
526902,4251912; 526887,4251916; 526875,4251919; 526861,4251915;
526847,4251908; 26840,4251907; 526822,4251900; 526817,4251898;
526799,4251893; 526792,4251881; 526783,4251882; 26786,4251873;
526789,4251870; 526792,4251850; 526793,4251846; 526803,4251829;
526810,4251818; 26814,4251813; 526820,4251803; 526823,4251794;
526824,4251790; 526823,4251787; 526820,4251772; 26818,4251765;
526816,4251759; 526812,4251743; 526808,4251735; 526803,4251724;
26792,4251715; 26781,4251724; 526769,4251731; 526763,4251735;
[[Page 44317]]
526760,4251740; 526752,4251750; 526742,4251763; 26740,4251765;
526737,4251767; 526723,4251776; 526709,4251782; 526701,4251781;
526692,4251780; 26682,4251779; 526671,4251774; 526658,4251766;
526654,4251764; 526653,4251761; 526647,4251743; 26645,4251735;
526644,4251725; 526643,4251719; 526643,4251708; 526641,4251695;
526640,4251680; 26637,4251670; 526632,4251657; 526630,4251653;
526627,4251648; 526619,4251644; 26611,4251641; 26599,4251635;
526592,4251632; 526578,4251625; 526579,4251618; 526579,4251605;
526580,4251597; 26595,4251593; 526599,4251592; 526608,4251588;
526615,4251586; 526627,4251582; 526636,4251579; 26650,4251574;
526654,4251573; 526669,4251570; 526679,4251567; 526688,4251564;
526698,4251559; 26709,4251553; 526716,4251548; 526721,4251542;
526727,4251532; 526737,4251519; 526739,4251517; 26746,4251506;
526749,4251500; 526760,4251487; 526758,4251480; 526765,4251468;
26767,4251462; 26770,4251460; 526766,4251458; 526763,4251459;
526754,4251460; 526743,4251466; 526737,4251463; 26734,4251463;
526716,4251466; 526709,4251466; 526696,4251474; 526683,4251487;
526680,4251489; 26666,4251499; 526654,4251505; 526645,4251506;
526633,4251509; 526627,4251509; 526617,4251505; 26611,4251503;
526599,4251498; 526591,4251496; 526579,4251495; 526572,4251493;
526566,4251493; 26548,4251491; 526544,4251491; 526539,4251487;
526539,4251482; 526536,4251468; 26537,4251460; 26537,4251452;
526537,4251439; 526537,4251432; 526536,4251424; 526534,4251415;
526532,4251405; 26528,4251394; 526525,4251385; 526522,4251377;
526521,4251373; 526517,4251351; 526516,4251323; 26515,4251320;
526511,4251301; 526507,4251295; 526500,4251284; 526489,4251271;
526477,4251282; 26466,4251295; 526462,4251298; 526449,4251309;
526438,4251322; 526434,4251325; 526430,4251322; 26420,4251309;
526412,4251295; 526410,4251291; 526407,4251285; 526401,4251273;
26398,4251267; 26394,4251255; 526390,4251240; 526389,4251230;
526389,4251222; 526388,4251212; 526388,4251203; 26388,4251194;
526389,4251185; 526387,4251177; 526379,4251169; 526365,4251171;
526352,4251172; 26339,4251172; 526336,4251173; 526324,4251173;
526311,4251170; 526297,4251166; 526292,4251162; 26289,4251157;
526283,4251144; 526279,4251129; 526283,4251116; 526286,4251102;
526291,4251096; 26297,4251087; 526301,4251079; 526303,4251074;
526305,4251066; 526308,4251058; 26311,4251047; 26313,4251036;
526318,4251026; 526320,4251019; 526321,4251016; 526324,4251012;
526332,4251000; 26337,4250992; 526341,4250981; 526342,4250974;
526344,4250964; 526346,4250959; 526351,4250937; 26351,4250910;
526349,4250885; 526348,4250882; 526348,4250879; 526352,4250867;
526362,4250824; 26359,4250784; 526350,4250764; 526316,4250709;
526290,4250680; 526739,4249844; 527321,4248504; 27337,4248480;
527440,4248306; 527591,4248116; 527670,4248094; 528274,4247630;
28624,4247465; 28991,4247289; 529041,4247211; 529328,4247212;
529424,4247214; 529427,4247213; 529435,4247207; 29442,4247200;
529451,4247193; 529457,4247188; 529462,4247184; 529473,4247176;
529489,4247167; 29507,4247155; 529517,4247150; 529527,4247148;
529536,4247147; 529545,4247145; 529558,4247153; 29563,4247156;
529575,4247163; 529577,4247165; 529588,4247181; 529594,4247193;
529596,4247197; 29600,4247218; 529607,4247200; 529611,4247193;
529615,4247180; 529617,4247165; 29620,4247158; 29626,4247140;
529627,4247136; 529640,4247126; 529655,4247116; 529659,4247114;
529680,4247110; 29683,4247110; 529707,4247108; 529713,4247107;
529734,4247107; 529738,4247107; 529742,4247106; 29758,4247103;
529765,4247102; 529773,4247102; 529784,4247102; 529793,4247102;
529801,4247102; 29813,4247103; 529820,4247103; 529833,4247096;
529836,4247094; 529848,4247089; 529852,4247087; 29868,4247083;
529873,4247081; 529878,4247080; 529898,4247078; 529903,4247076;
29912,4247073; 29919,4247071; 529930,4247067; 529938,4247063;
529952,4247061; 529958,4247059; 529962,4247059; 29983,4247057;
529987,4247057; 530014,4247056; 530040,4247059; 530043,4247058;
530045,4247055; 30046,4247050; 530051,4247038; 530051,4247028;
530059,4247019; 530068,4247010; 530071,4247003; 30074,4247000;
530082,4246987; 530095,4246978; 530098,4246975; 530102,4246966;
530105,4246955; 30113,4246945; 530117,4246939; 530123,4246930;
530126,4246920; 530129,4246911; 30133,4246900; 30138,4246890;
530141,4246880; 530146,4246867; 530148,4246863; 530150,4246854;
530153,4246838; 30156,4246830; 530158,4246815; 530160,4246808;
530166,4246795; 530171,4246787; 530175,4246780; 30178,4246775;
530186,4246760; 530191,4246752; 530194,4246741; 530194,4246737;
530195,4246725; 30200,4246719; 530206,4246713; 530213,4246705;
530221,4246697; 530227,4246691; 530233,4246687; 30243,4246680;
530255,4246676; 530261,4246673; 530288,4246672; 530292,4246674;
30312,4246674; 30316,4246678; 530320,4246674; 530333,4246670;
530320,4246665; 530316,4246663; 530305,4246653; 30304,4246642;
530300,4246630; 530300,4246627; 530297,4246615; 530298,4246605;
530298,4246597; 30298,4246587; 530303,4246575; 530308,4246567;
530312,4246560; 530316,4246555; 530327,4246544; 30341,4246532;
530347,4246529; 530359,4246520; 530371,4246513; 530377,4246511;
530397,4246506; 30402,4246505; 530421,4246500; 530426,4246498;
530436,4246494; 530441,4246492; 30453,4246488; 30461,4246485;
530477,4246477; 530481,4246475; 530494,4246464; 530508,4246453;
530513,4246450; 30525,4246439; 530536,4246429; 530539,4246425;
530543,4246422; 530553,4246412; 530563,4246401; 30567,4246398;
530572,4246394; 530581,4246384; 530591,4246372; 530593,4246369;
530596,4246367; 30606,4246354; 530618,4246345; 530622,4246342;
530635,4246339; 530642,4246335; 530646,4246334; 30659,4246325;
530674,4246317; 530675,4246313; 530680,4246305; 530683,4246293;
30694,4246284; 30698,4246281; 530701,4246280; 530714,4246269;
530718,4246267; 530729,4246261; 530730,4246258; 30737,4246248;
530741,4246241; 530750,4246235; 530756,4246230; 530759,4246229;
530774,4246220; 30784,4246214; 530791,4246209; 530800,4246201;
530806,4246197; 530811,4246194; 530820,4246192; 30830,4246192;
530839,4246189; 530849,4246184; 530846,4246174; 530843,4246170;
530839,4246164; 30829,4246156; 530825,4246146; 530825,4246133;
530825,4246119; 530817,4246113; 30811,4246114; 30807,4246119;
530803,4246127; 530801,4246136; 530783,4246147; 530765,4246155;
530756,4246157; 30748,4246155; 530731,4246148; 530727,4246147;
530707,4246141; 530701,4246138; 530687,4246133; 30674,4246126;
530669,4246124; 530661,4246119; 530653,4246112; 530646,4246108;
530638,4246099; 30631,4246091; 530627,4246083; 530618,4246066;
[[Page 44318]]
530617,4246063; 530610,4246044; 530607,4246036; 30602,4246026;
530591,4246010; 530589,4246007; 530584,4245988; 530575,4245981;
30569,4245976; 30563,4245974; 530555,4245973; 530546,4245971;
530536,4245970; 530525,4245965; 530517,4245963; 30508,4245959;
530505,4245957; 530500,4245954; 530500,4245945; 530500,4245935;
530499,4245926; 30504,4245922; 530508,4245921; 530515,4245920;
530528,4245918; 530536,4245918; 530546,4245916; 30552,4245915;
530563,4245913; 530576,4245912; 530591,4245910; 530598,4245905;
530605,4245899; 30614,4245894; 530618,4245892; 530631,4245884;
530646,4245871; 530633,4245857; 30625,4245844; 30622,4245840;
530618,4245833; 530611,4245823; 530608,4245816; 530603,4245804;
530601,4245798; 30597,4245788; 530595,4245784; 530591,4245771;
530586,4245765; 530583,4245761; 530577,4245747; 30572,4245733;
530573,4245724; 530573,4245715; 530574,4245706; 530579,4245694;
530591,4245679; 30605,4245665; 530618,4245658; 530623,4245655;
530629,4245651; 530635,4245640; 530642,4245628; 30644,4245623;
530643,4245599; 530641,4245591; 530638,4245576; 530635,4245568;
30632,4245555; 30627,4245541; 530626,4245533; 530618,4245517;
530598,4245520; 530591,4245519; 530582,4245522; 30575,4245525;
530563,4245528; 530556,4245533; 530536,4245541; 530518,4245531;
530508,4245525; 30503,4245518; 530501,4245513; 530498,4245503;
530497,4245497; 530494,4245486; 530496,4245473; 30497,4245470;
530499,4245458; 530501,4245451; 530508,4245432; 530518,4245413;
530524,4245403; 30529,4245396; 530536,4245388; 530542,4245382;
530550,4245376; 530557,4245369; 30563,4245365; 30573,4245358;
530588,4245348; 530591,4245346; 530601,4245339; 530605,4245335;
530618,4245324; 30623,4245320; 530636,4245311; 530646,4245304;
530660,4245307; 530675,4245319; 530676,4245323; 30676,4245348;
530677,4245351; 530676,4245373; 530676,4245378; 530674,4245388;
530672,4245402; 30672,4245405; 530674,4245415; 530678,4245426;
530680,4245431; 530681,4245438; 530682,4245450; 30684,4245458;
530696,4245463; 530701,4245463; 530705,4245462; 530714,4245458;
30720,4245449; 30729,4245443; 530732,4245434; 530736,4245431;
530743,4245418; 530756,4245405; 530764,4245395; 30769,4245389;
530778,4245376; 530781,4245372; 530784,4245367; 530789,4245353;
530791,4245348; 30800,4245337; 530811,4245330; 530817,4245326;
530833,4245320; 530837,4245319; 530842,4245317; 30856,4245311;
530866,4245305; 530875,4245302; 530892,4245293; 530873,4245286;
530866,4245281; 30859,4245273; 530854,4245265; 530848,4245256;
530839,4245247; 530834,4245242; 30831,4245238; 30830,4245230;
530830,4245219; 530830,4245210; 530831,4245202; 530832,4245189;
530833,4245183; 30833,4245177; 530835,4245159; 530835,4245155;
530827,4245144; 530825,4245141; 530819,4245128; 30819,4245120;
530817,4245106; 530817,4245100; 530817,4245095; 530815,4245076;
530815,4245073; 30816,4245068; 530817,4245051; 530818,4245045;
530820,4245037; 530821,4245027; 530823,4245018; 30823,4245005;
530823,4245002; 530824,4244990; 530824,4244977; 530818,4244970;
30825,4244963; 30810,4244963; 530806,4244968; 530796,4244978;
530784,4244983; 530780,4244987; 530774,4244990; 30764,4244998;
530756,4245000; 530749,4245010; 530741,4245018; 530737,4245026;
530729,4245040; 30727,4245046; 530729,4245066; 530729,4245074;
530733,4245095; 530734,4245100; 530732,4245104; 30729,4245122;
530727,4245128; 530726,4245131; 530718,4245145; 530709,4245155;
530706,4245160; 30701,4245164; 530689,4245170; 530683,4245173;
530674,4245178; 530670,4245180; 30662,4245183; 30649,4245186;
530646,4245187; 530641,4245188; 530626,4245191; 530618,4245192;
530604,4245196; 30591,4245200; 530578,4245197; 530563,4245194;
530558,4245188; 530555,4245183; 530551,4245170; 30547,4245155;
530547,4245144; 530546,4245138; 530546,4245128; 530545,4245118;
530543,4245107; 30542,4245100; 530541,4245095; 530536,4245084;
530532,4245077; 530529,4245073; 530521,4245060; 30517,4245054;
530511,4245045; 530513,4245041; 530518,4245027; 530524,4245018;
30532,4245014; 30536,4245013; 530541,4245012; 530559,4245013;
530563,4245013; 530569,4245012; 530584,4245010; 30591,4245010;
530600,4245009; 530608,4245007; 530618,4245006; 530631,4245005;
530646,4245004; 30656,4245000; 530665,4244998; 530674,4244996;
530677,4244994; 530680,4244990; 530687,4244976; 30695,4244963;
530698,4244959; 530701,4244957; 530710,4244944; 530715,4244935;
530719,4244925; 30728,4244908; 530733,4244884; 530733,4244880;
530735,4244874; 530738,4244862; 30741,4244853; 30745,4244841;
530749,4244832; 530752,4244825; 530753,4244822; 530756,4244814;
530761,4244802; 30762,4244797; 530764,4244790; 530766,4244780;
530769,4244770; 530771,4244758; 530774,4244752; 30777,4244742;
530779,4244737; 530784,4244731; 530789,4244721; 530792,4244715;
530798,4244702; 30808,4244690; 530811,4244687; 530825,4244673;
530831,4244660; 530832,4244653; 530839,4244633; 30842,4244608;
530844,4244605; 530843,4244601; 530839,4244598; 530832,4244598;
30811,4244605; 30809,4244602; 530800,4244589; 530792,4244577;
530789,4244572; 530784,4244563; 530778,4244555; 30774,4244550;
530769,4244537; 530768,4244534; 530764,4244522; 530763,4244515;
530761,4244499; 30760,4244495; 530759,4244492; 530756,4244487;
530748,4244475; 530742,4244467; 530742,4244454; 30742,4244440;
530737,4244432; 530729,4244428; 530717,4244428; 530714,4244427;
530701,4244427; 30690,4244423; 530684,4244423; 530674,4244420;
530668,4244417; 530648,4244414; 30645,4244414; 30622,4244416;
530618,4244417; 530606,4244427; 530593,4244442; 530591,4244444;
530583,4244459; 30580,4244467; 530576,4244482; 530572,4244495;
530570,4244501; 530563,4244510; 530559,4244518; 30558,4244522;
530552,4244534; 530550,4244537; 530541,4244550; 530540,4244554;
530536,4244558; 30528,4244569; 530521,4244577; 530516,4244584;
530508,4244589; 530498,4244594; 530485,4244601; 30479,4244603;
530475,4244605; 530459,4244611; 530453,4244614; 530440,4244619;
30426,4244624; 30416,4244622; 530408,4244623; 530398,4244621;
530387,4244615; 530381,4244605; 530381,4244595; 30382,4244589;
530382,4244577; 530385,4244564; 530387,4244550; 530390,4244541;
530395,4244526; 30396,4244522; 530398,4244517; 530403,4244500;
530405,4244495; 530409,4244484; 530411,4244480; 30416,4244467;
530419,4244460; 530426,4244446; 530428,4244441; 530430,4244435;
530435,4244422; 30441,4244412; 530445,4244403; 530453,4244391;
530456,4244387; 530460,4244385; 30471,4244375; 30481,4244367;
530486,4244362; 530495,4244357; 530502,4244350; 530508,4244345;
530517,4244338; 30529,4244329; 530533,4244327; 530536,4244325;
[[Page 44319]]
530549,4244315; 530563,4244307; 530567,4244306; 30579,4244302;
530586,4244297; 530591,4244281; 530594,4244277; 530610,4244274;
530596,4244269; 30591,4244271; 530586,4244252; 530587,4244247;
530588,4244244; 530591,4244233; 530601,4244237; 30615,4244243;
530619,4244246; 530621,4244250; 530620,4244273; 530643,4244271;
30646,4244273; 30671,4244271; 530674,4244270; 530683,4244256;
530691,4244247; 530694,4244240; 530701,4244223; 30702,4244219;
530710,4244201; 530715,4244192; 530721,4244184; 530729,4244172;
530732,4244167; 30733,4244164; 530740,4244153; 530742,4244150;
530749,4244137; 530748,4244128; 530746,4244120; 30745,4244109;
530745,4244098; 530744,4244094; 530744,4244082; 530746,4244072;
530749,4244061; 30751,4244054; 530752,4244050; 530756,4244042;
530761,4244032; 530763,4244027; 30770,4244013; 30779,4243999;
530780,4243996; 530784,4243991; 530791,4243979; 530795,4243972;
530800,4243960; 30809,4243946; 530811,4243943; 530818,4243924;
530823,4243917; 530828,4243906; 530839,4243891; 30841,4243887;
530847,4243870; 530851,4243861; 530856,4243851; 530862,4243838;
530864,4243834; 30866,4243829; 530873,4243813; 530877,4243806;
530881,4243794; 530884,4243789; 530889,4243779; 30888,4243773;
530894,4243753; 530891,4243748; 530878,4243739; 530866,4243733;
30863,4243727; 30862,4243724; 530863,4243720; 530866,4243703;
530869,4243699; 530881,4243684; 530894,4243672; 30898,4243669;
530908,4243655; 530917,4243641; 530917,4243637; 530919,4243616;
530919,4243612; 30921,4243595; 530922,4243587; 530921,4243566;
530921,4243559; 530903,4243549; 530894,4243551; 30890,4243555;
530880,4243559; 530872,4243565; 530866,4243566; 530857,4243568;
530849,4243569; 30839,4243573; 530824,4243572; 530811,4243571;
530801,4243569; 530791,4243566; 30784,4243564; 30779,4243564;
530760,4243562; 530756,4243562; 530746,4243559; 530731,4243557;
530726,4243556; 30701,4243556; 530698,4243555; 530680,4243552;
530674,4243550; 530663,4243548; 530658,4243547; 30646,4243543;
530638,4243539; 530635,4243531; 530640,4243525; 530646,4243515;
530650,4243508; 30650,4243504; 530661,4243491; 530670,4243480;
530673,4243476; 530677,4243473; 530689,4243464; 30701,4243455;
530706,4243453; 530715,4243449; 530723,4243443; 530729,4243441;
30741,4243436; 30756,4243430; 530763,4243428; 530782,4243423;
530785,4243422; 530790,4243421; 530806,4243416; 30811,4243415;
530818,4243414; 530831,4243413; 530839,4243413; 530846,4243414;
530868,4243421; 30888,4243427; 530894,4243429; 530908,4243436;
530920,4243450; 530921,4243454; 530935,4243463; 30943,4243476;
530944,4243481; 530949,4243504; 530961,4243488; 530962,4243476;
530967,4243467; 30976,4243454; 530978,4243450; 530993,4243438;
531004,4243426; 531007,4243424; 31009,4243421; 31020,4243410;
531031,4243395; 531034,4243394; 531035,4243390; 531042,4243377;
531043,4243366; 31041,4243356; 531037,4243344; 531036,4243338;
531040,4243330; 531043,4243323; 531048,4243311; 31054,4243306;
531059,4243302; 531068,4243293; 531071,4243283; 531077,4243274;
531086,4243264; 31094,4243263; 531111,4243259; 531114,4243258;
531120,4243256; 531120,4243250; 531114,4243235; 31112,4243230;
531098,4243217; 531086,4243209; 531082,4243206; 531077,4243201;
31072,4243188; 31071,4243185; 531066,4243173; 531065,4243167;
531063,4243150; 531063,4243146; 531064,4243141; 31065,4243124;
531067,4243118; 531065,4243112; 531059,4243095; 531058,4243092;
531057,4243089; 31051,4243071; 531049,4243063; 531048,4243053;
531048,4243047; 531047,4243036; 531048,4243024; 31048,4243019;
531049,4243008; 531050,4243000; 531055,4242985; 531056,4242981;
531059,4242971; 31063,4242958; 531066,4242953; 531067,4242945;
531068,4242934; 531069,4242926; 31066,4242919; 31059,4242901;
531058,4242898; 531047,4242882; 531042,4242870; 531040,4242861;
531039,4242851; 31038,4242843; 531038,4242836; 531035,4242819;
531035,4242815; 531031,4242806; 531029,4242790; 31030,4242786;
531031,4242776; 531035,4242764; 531035,4242760; 531039,4242753;
531043,4242745; 31048,4242733; 531050,4242724; 531059,4242714;
531064,4242710; 531068,4242705; 531062,4242702; 31059,4242701;
531055,4242701; 531039,4242697; 531031,4242697; 531026,4242700;
31003,4242706; 30989,4242718; 530976,4242722; 530971,4242727;
530965,4242733; 530958,4242742; 530949,4242746; 30937,4242749;
530932,4242750; 530921,4242752; 530910,4242749; 530905,4242749;
530894,4242745; 30885,4242742; 530870,4242737; 530866,4242735;
530863,4242733; 530848,4242723; 530839,4242715; 30833,4242711;
530824,4242705; 530816,4242701; 530811,4242698; 530798,4242692;
530784,4242686; 30779,4242682; 530774,4242678; 530763,4242670;
530756,4242665; 530747,4242660; 30737,4242650; 30733,4242646;
530729,4242643; 530717,4242635; 530702,4242623; 530698,4242620;
530684,4242612; 30674,4242605; 530666,4242603; 530651,4242600;
530646,4242599; 530642,4242599; 530626,4242595; 30620,4242593;
530616,4242593; 530610,4242595; 530594,4242598; 530591,4242599;
530586,4242600; 30571,4242603; 530563,4242605; 530555,4242604;
530543,4242602; 530536,4242601; 530530,4242601; 30512,4242595;
530507,4242594; 530494,4242595; 530481,4242596; 530475,4242595;
30458,4242591; 30453,4242590; 530449,4242591; 530426,4242595;
530397,4242597; 530371,4242597; 530355,4242584; 30343,4242579;
530336,4242575; 530320,4242572; 530316,4242570; 530312,4242568;
530300,4242556; 30288,4242548; 530284,4242544; 530279,4242540;
530270,4242531; 530261,4242525; 530253,4242520; 30241,4242513;
530238,4242508; 530233,4242501; 530227,4242491; 530221,4242485;
530215,4242476; 30206,4242465; 530202,4242461; 530195,4242458;
530184,4242452; 530178,4242450; 30166,4242446; 30163,4242445;
530150,4242442; 530143,4242438; 530124,4242430; 530123,4242427;
530118,4242408; 30115,4242402; 530119,4242398; 530123,4242394;
530134,4242386; 530142,4242375; 530145,4242369; 30150,4242348;
530142,4242328; 530137,4242320; 530133,4242310; 530123,4242294;
530120,4242268; 30119,4242265; 530117,4242259; 530115,4242245;
530113,4242237; 530111,4242225; 530111,4242222; 30109,4242210;
530107,4242198; 530104,4242191; 530102,4242182; 530098,4242179;
30095,4242178; 30084,4242166; 530076,4242155; 530073,4242150;
530068,4242137; 530066,4242129; 530065,4242125; 30063,4242105;
530061,4242100; 530060,4242092; 530058,4242082; 530056,4242072;
530054,4242058; 30052,4242045; 530051,4242035; 530050,4242027;
530049,4242017; 530048,4242009; 530048,4241998; 30048,4241990;
530049,4241981; 530050,4241972; 530051,4241962; 530058,4241952;
530067,4241936; 30078,4241917; 530084,4241907; 530080,4241895;
[[Page 44320]]
530076,4241888; 530073,4241879; 30072,4241876; 30068,4241869;
530065,4241855; 530064,4241852; 530064,4241848; 530068,4241835;
530072,4241829; 30075,4241824; 530085,4241814; 530089,4241803;
530092,4241797; 530095,4241782; 530097,4241771; 30098,4241766;
530103,4241749; 530105,4241742; 530110,4241729; 530115,4241714;
530115,4241706; 30115,4241694; 530115,4241687; 530113,4241677;
530113,4241669; 530108,4241659; 530112,4241648; 30123,4241637;
530129,4241637; 530150,4241632; 530157,4241611; 530159,4241604;
30170,4241596; 30178,4241587; 530187,4241586; 530198,4241585;
530206,4241584; 530220,4241590; 530233,4241594; 530242,4241595;
530252,4241595; 530261,4241596; 30267,4241598; 530288,4241605;
530301,4241619; 530311,4241632; 530313,4241634; 30316,4241639;
530326,4241649; 530336,4241659; 530340,4241662; 530343,4241664;
30347,4241663; 530370,4241660; 530382,4241659; 530398,4241658;
530406,4241659; 30424,4241661; 530429,4241663; 530444,4241668;
530453,4241671; 530461,4241679; 30472,4241687; 530476,4241691;
530481,4241694; 530488,4241707; 530494,4241714; 30499,4241724;
530508,4241735; 530512,4241742; 530517,4241750; 530520,4241758;
30528,4241769; 530532,4241773; 530536,4241777; 530544,4241789;
530551,4241797; 30556,4241804; 530563,4241812; 530569,4241819;
530573,4241824; 530581,4241834; 30591,4241845; 530594,4241849;
530597,4241852; 530606,4241864; 530620,4241879; 30633,4241892;
530636,4241897; 530642,4241907; 530643,4241910; 530646,4241914;
30650,4241911; 530651,4241907; 530652,4241901; 530656,4241889;
530657,4241879; 30660,4241866; 530662,4241852; 530664,4241843;
530667,4241831; 530668,4241824; 30669,4241820; 530674,4241807;
530676,4241799; 530678,4241792; 530683,4241779; 30688,4241769;
530694,4241762; 530701,4241755; 530707,4241747; 530712,4241742;
30721,4241734; 530729,4241728; 530737,4241723; 530750,4241714;
530754,4241712; 30756,4241710; 530770,4241700; 530772,4241698;
530784,4241689; 530787,4241687; 30799,4241675; 530811,4241660;
530813,4241657; 530823,4241644; 530830,4241632; 30833,4241626;
530839,4241617; 530851,4241619; 530866,4241620; 530871,4241627;
30875,4241632; 530882,4241644; 530894,4241656; 530896,4241659;
530903,4241668; 30907,4241674; 530919,4241687; 530921,4241690;
530928,4241708; 530930,4241714; 30930,4241723; 530931,4241733;
530931,4241742; 530933,4241753; 530932,4241758; 30935,4241769;
530940,4241778; 530949,4241788; 530954,4241791; 530971,4241797;
30976,4241800; 530980,4241801; 530997,4241804; 531004,4241806;
531017,4241812; 31020,4241813; 531031,4241818; 531035,4241821;
531037,4241824; 531037,4241830; 31035,4241848; 531035,4241852;
531031,4241856; 531019,4241867; 531006,4241881; 31004,4241884;
530994,4241897; 530988,4241907; 530985,4241915; 530977,4241934;
30976,4241937; 530975,4241960; 530975,4241963; 530976,4241969;
530984,4241982; 30990,4241990; 530998,4241995; 531004,4241999;
531017,4242003; 531031,4242006; 31041,4242007; 531049,4242007;
531059,4242008; 531066,4242010; 531083,4242014; 31088,4242016;
531091,4242017; 531106,4242025; 531114,4242030; 531126,4242033;
31134,4242038; 531142,4242040; 531153,4242029; 531158,4242017;
531164,4242012; 31169,4242005; 531176,4241996; 531183,4241990;
531190,4241983; 531197,4241973; 31201,4241966; 531203,4241962;
531212,4241950; 531219,4241939; 531223,4241935; 31224,4241929;
531228,4241911; 531229,4241907; 531229,4241902; 531228,4241884;
31228,4241879; 531229,4241875; 531231,4241858; 531231,4241852;
531233,4241843; 31234,4241835; 531236,4241824; 531240,4241813;
531243,4241806; 531246,4241797; 31248,4241793; 531252,4241787;
531260,4241778; 531269,4241769; 531274,4241764; 31279,4241757;
531285,4241747; 531287,4241742; 531289,4241732; 531291,4241726;
31293,4241714; 531292,4241701; 531292,4241687; 531288,4241678;
531279,4241668; 31275,4241664; 531264,4241659; 531255,4241656;
531252,4241655; 531239,4241644; 31226,4241632; 531224,4241627;
531218,4241611; 531215,4241604; 531214,4241594; 31213,4241588;
531212,4241577; 531212,4241565; 531213,4241561; 531213,4241549;
31214,4241539; 531215,4241530; 531216,4241522; 531218,4241515;
531222,4241496; 31224,4241491; 531235,4241477; 531243,4241467;
531247,4241462; 531252,4241459; 31148,4241274; 531049,4241314;
531003,4241314; 530940,4241334; 530823,4241341; 30739,4241315;
530663,4241305; 530384,4241307; 530323,4241291; 530201,4241210;
30054,4241143; 530019,4241105; 529988,4241036; 529927,4241016;
529818,4241025; 29795,4240995; 529623,4240885; 529534,4240821;
529385,4240729; 529352,4240691; 29327,4240625; 529268,4240594;
529246,4240571; 529243,4240536; 529225,4240510; 29159,4240497;
529109,4240507; 529063,4240540; 529030,4240543; 528949,4240512;
28895,4240463; 528789,4240428; 528713,4240341; 528667,4240328;
528627,4240231; 28607,4240216; 528556,4240211; 528510,4240185;
528310,4240159; 528271,4240187; 28246,4240192; 528167,4240151;
528107,4240141; 528008,4240046; 528003,4240029; 28074,4240011;
528094,4239970; 528161,4239915; 528168,4239889; 528164,4239823;
28184,4239798; 528255,4239768; 528281,4239737; 528299,4239674;
528329,4239644; 28365,4239626; 528395,4239588; 528396,4239547;
528383,4239522; 528383,4239486; 28467,4239395; 528470,4239382;
528523,4239327; 528572,4239220; 528638,4239134; 28715,4239051;
528789,4239013; 528842,4238970; 528867,4238967; 528944,4238985;
28977,4238975; 529035,4238937; 529061,4238859; 529089,4238805;
529168,4238719; 29186,4238674; 529202,4238476; 529222,4238445;
529288,4238428; 529319,4238410; 29342,4238380; 529390,4238342;
529398,4238248; 529355,4238131; 529353,4238088; 29366,4238055;
529366,4237940; 529346,4237894; 529298,4237833; 529298,4237760;
29288,4237747; 529227,4237726; 529225,4237706; 529255,4237671;
529266,4237633; 29301,4237587; 529301,4237556; 529301,4237556;
529331,4237501; 529284,4237219; 31145,4235905; 531189,4235695;
530709,4235587; 530435,4235166; 530548,4235079; 30580,4235124;
530707,4235073; 531081,4234806; 531145,4234666; 532745,4233536;
32574,4233288; 531988,4233674; 531752,4233366; 531585,4233533;
531483,4233533; 31353,4233338; 531159,4233468; 530825,4233783;
530751,4233913; 530455,4234246; 30149,4234496; 529807,4234663;
529186,4235005; 528686,4235052; 528464,4235024; 28214,4235246;
527955,4235218; 527890,4235052; 528186,4234866; 527955,4234653;
28214,4234153; 528233,4233857; 528084,4233857; 528075,4234005;
527779,4233987; 27334,4234264; 527344,4234653; 526177,4234663;
526167,4235839; 525658,4236061; 25491,4236181; 525464,4236265;
525436,4236367; 525353,4236441; 525260,4236505; 25204,4236552;
[[Page 44321]]
525140,4236570; 525140,4236654; 525075,4236765; 525056,4236802;
25001,4236765; 524899,4236765; 524843,4236802; 524732,4236793;
524621,4236811; 24686,4236922; 524760,4236959; 524797,4237024;
524732,4237070; 524695,4237117; 24556,4237191; 524519,4237191;
524399,4237200; 524325,4237126; 524325,4237024; 24278,4237005;
524186,4237015; 524158,4237070; 524112,4237163; 524065,4237237;
24010,4237283; 523917,4237283; 523843,4237302; 523788,4237339;
523735,4237378; 23701,4237372; 523334,4237331; 523124,4237315;
522752,4237325; 522523,4237483; 22330,4237495; 522203,4237501;
522091,4237502; 522019,4237486; 521903,4237456; 21751,4237374;
521416,4237245; 520924,4237058; 520715,4236933; 520469,4236563;
19656,4236570; 519591,4236725; 519597,4236804; 519593,4236893;
519534,4236982; 19509,4237065; 519513,4237207; 519519,4237410;
519508,4237513; 519513,4237560; 19644,4237689; 519749,4237854;
519828,4238299; 519985,4238796; 520064,4239163; 20430,4239425;
520587,4239844; 520692,4240236; 520744,4240760; 520751,4241469;
20718,4241834; 520587,4242122; 520509,4242384; 520483,4242593;
520430,4242829; 20417,4243034; 520380,4245219; 520274,4245428;
520129,4245551; 520007,4245654; 19981,4245674; 519385,4246050;
519050,4246481; 518932,4246715; 518881,4246807; 18657,4246998;
518273,4247338; 518244,4247364; 518158,4247437; 518114,4247479;
17754,4247811; 517333,4248031; 517234,4248068; 517156,4248097;
517054,4248115; 16922,4248143; 516517,4248396; 516509,4248400;
516390,4248489; 516336,4248752; 16233,4248899; 516148,4249022;
516108,4249074; 516069,4249137; 516007,4249236; 15930,4249349;
515893,4249442; 515810,4249639; 515658,4249748; 515642,4249783;
15415,4250323; 515395,4250370; 515359,4250440; 515354,4250451;
515305,4250552; 15290,4250582; 515259,4250645; 515205,4250754;
515186,4250791; 515153,4250839; 15105,4250936; 515073,4251008;
515065,4251056; 515065,4251192; 515063,4251243; 15063,4251340;
515065,4251432; 515063,4251760; 515063,4251817; 515046,4251888;
15040,4252006; 515027,4252134; 515021,4252208; 515006,4252233;
514985,4252271; 14949,4252323; 514928,4252359; 514888,4252426;
514848,4252498; 514808,4252542; 14790,4252571; 514760,4252603;
514731,4252626; 514716,4252655; 514697,4252695; 14695,4252737;
514687,4252777; 514693,4252830; 514701,4252874; 514703,4252920;
14693,4252950; 514672,4252994; 514668,4253027; 514661,4253072;
514661,4253133; 14705,4253120; 514785,4253099; 514850,4253080;
514953,4253051; 514944,4253107; 14931,4253130; 514875,4253168;
514865,4253534; 514811,4253587; 514511,4253597; 14483,4253607;
514448,4253650; 514438,4253711; 514430,4253901; 514419,4253924;
14371,4253970; 514323,4253990; 514132,4254005; 514086,4254023;
514069,4254043; 14058,4254091; 514060,4254551; 514066,4255171;
514104,4255252; 514223,4255341; 14279,4255390; 514335,4255517;
514446,4255895; 514392,4256198; 514387,4256261; 14369,4256322;
514356,4256413; 514409,4256614; 514404,4256619; 514421,4256647;
14500,4256944; 514479,4257054; 514438,4257104; 514395,4257137;
514227,4257173; 14197,4257185; 514151,4257246; 514087,4257375;
514069,4257386; 514064,4257429; 13983,4257584; 513904,4257718;
513827,4257868; 513842,4257969; 513822,4257992; 13804,4258048;
513806,4258099; 513834,4258145; 513834,4258185; 513804,4258228;
13798,4258249; 513753,4258284; 513750,4258302; 513730,4258309;
513707,4258340; 13697,4258368; 513686,4258441; 513694,4258469;
513704,4258480; 513724,4258558; 13716,4258932; 513505,4259124;
513474,4259180; 513470,4259297; 513438,4259401; 13440,4259447;
513453,4259457; 513660,4259506; 513728,4259536; 513768,4259569;
13795,4259623; 513791,4259704; 513746,4259805; 513663,4259881;
513598,4259924; 13557,4259965; 513515,4260036; 513506,4260099;
513510,4260127; 513579,4260262; 13558,4260447; 513534,4260475;
513444,4260543; 513376,4260655; 513335,4260741; 13268,4260815;
513123,4260885; 513133,4260901; 513237,4260939; 513335,4261041;
13340,4261074; 513363,4261145; 513353,4261180; 513424,4261292;
513457,4261379; 13477,4261404; 513518,4261419; 513563,4261478;
513563,4261496; 513512,4261534; 13502,4261559; 513535,4261643;
513548,4261707; 513527,4261727; 513512,4261811; 13502,4261823;
513496,4261854; 513461,4261902; 513458,4261940; 513443,4261973;
13443,4262059; 513453,4262103; 513498,4262148; 513514,4262176;
513519,4262245; 13546,4262278; 513595,4262304; 513727,4262339;
513805,4262380; 513889,4262444; 14051,4262642; 514028,4262691;
514031,4262739; 514061,4262879; 514063,4262927; 14083,4263018;
514113,4263224; 514149,4263295; 514243,4263405; 514519,4263560;
14605,4263665; 514610,4263685; 514661,4263743; 514681,4263774;
514673,4263876; 14689,4263924; 514808,4263975; 514952,4264100;
515024,4264128; 515107,4264146; 15140,4264184; 515148,4264306;
515135,4264390; 515140,4264468; 515246,4264570; 15345,4264794;
515373,4264840; 515416,4264880; 515489,4264919; 515591,4264942;
15728,4265026; 515781,4265072; 515916,4265128; 516075,4265219;
516131,4265270; 16195,4265354; 516248,4265454; 516275,4265548;
516275,4265718; 516328,4265802; 16371,4265847; 516402,4265896;
516424,4265975; 516424,4266015; 516414,4266048; 16429,4266135;
516457,4266185; 516480,4266302; 516553,4266409; 516566,4266442;
16563,4266478; 516555,4266485; 516545,4266621; 516557,4266615;
516581,4266601; 16601,4266593; 516735,4266515; 516822,4266468;
516899,4266425; 516921,4266413; 17000,4266372; 517072,4266328;
517080,4266323; 517605,4265990; 517868,4265824; 17942,4265783;
518040,4265788; 518378,4265785; 519147,4265779; 519173,4265779;
19204,4265779; 519679,4265775; 519860,4265771; 520256,4265337;
520477,4264780; 20479,4264616; 520485,4264161; 520563,4264161;
521130,4263364; 520895,4263341; 20890,4262901; 520889,4262868;
520893,4262713; 520895,4262666; 520757,4262644; 20629,4262568;
520905,4262310; 520984,4262240; 521013,4262044; 521034,4261899;
21047,4261811; 521105,4261725; 521228,4261660; 521705,4261417;
521752,4261396; 21796,4261310; 521934,4261021; 521953,4260979;
522017,4260921; 522161,4260778; 22929,4260040; 522945,4260028;
523050,4259918; 523104,4259686; 523108,4259664; 23164,4259386;
523163,4259374; 523177,4259334; 523213,4259255; 523228,4259221;
23283,4259100; 523498,4258635; 523546,4258601; 523611,4258552;
returning to 52367,4258509.
(ii) Note: Unit 1 (Map 36) follows:
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P
[[Page 44322]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02AU05.000
* * * * *
Dated: July 21, 2005.
Craig Manson,
Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 05-14992 Filed 8-1-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-C