[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 250 (Friday, December 30, 2005)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 77454-77599]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 05-24421]
[[Page 77453]]
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Part II
Department of Transportation
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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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49 CFR Part 571
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Lamps, Reflective Devices, and
Associated Equipment; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 250 / Friday, December 30, 2005 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 77454]]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
49 CFR Part 571
[Docket No. NHTSA-2005-22093]
RIN 2127-AJ75
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Lamps, Reflective
Devices, and Associated Equipment
AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),
Department of Transportation.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).
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SUMMARY: Our safety standard on lamps, reflective devices, and
associated equipment specifies performance requirements intended to
reduce the incidence of vehicle crashes by providing adequate
illumination of the roadway and by enhancing motor vehicle conspicuity
in daylight, darkness, and other conditions of reduced visibility. As a
result of various safety initiatives and technological advances in
vehicle lighting, numerous amendments to the regulatory text have left
the standard unwieldy and unnecessarily complicated. In addition, the
standard's provisions have been interpreted frequently by the agency
over the past several decades in response to interpretation request
letters. This document proposes to amend the standard by reorganizing
the regulatory text so that it provides a more straight-forward and
logical presentation of the applicable regulatory requirements, which
includes the agency's interpretation of the existing requirements. This
proposal would not impose any new substantive requirements on
manufacturers.
DATES: You should submit your comments early enough to ensure that
Docket Management receives them not later than March 30, 2006.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by the DOT Docket Number
cited in the heading of this document by any of the following methods:
Web site: http://dms.dot.gov. Follow the instructions for
submitting comments on the DOT electronic docket site.
Fax: 1-202-493-2251.
Mail: Docket Management Facility; U.S. Department of
Transportation, 400 7th Street, SW., Nassif Building, Room PL-401,
Washington, DC 20590-0001.
Hand Delivery: Room PL-401, 400 7th Street, SW.,
Washington, DC, between 9 am and 5 pm, Monday through Friday, except
Federal Holidays.
Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting
comments.
Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and
docket number. Note that all comments received will be posted without
change to http://dms.dot.gov including any personal information
provided. Please see the Privacy Act heading under Rulemaking Analyses
and Notices.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, go to http://dms.dot.gov at any time or to Room PL-
401 on the plaza level of the Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW.,
Washington, DC, between 9 am and 5 pm, Monday through Friday, except
Federal Holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For technical issues: David Hines,
Office of Crash Avoidance Standards (NVS-121), NHTSA, 400 Seventh
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590. (Telephone: (202) 493-0245) (Fax:
(202) 366-7002).
For legal issues: Eric Stas, Office of the Chief Counsel (NCC-112),
NHTSA, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590 (Telephone: (202)
366-2992) (Fax: (202) 366-3820).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Executive Summary
II. Background
A. Historical Overview of the Standard
B. The Need for an Administrative Re-write of the Standard
III. Agency Proposal
A. Summary of the Proposal
B. Process for Developing the Administrative Re-write
1. Review of Existing Regulatory Text
2. Review of Existing Interpretation Letters
3. Structure of the Revised Standard
4. Incorporations by Reference
C. Effective Date
IV. Benefits and Costs
V. Public Participation
VI. Rulemaking Analyses and Notices
I. Executive Summary
The agency is proposing to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, Lamps, reflective devices, and associated
equipment, by reorganizing the regulatory text and directly importing
requirements from applicable Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
standards currently incorporated by reference into the standard. The
main objective of this re-write is to increase clarity by: (1) Making
requirements easier to find and comprehend; (2) presenting performance
requirements and test procedures together through the inclusion of
relevant provisions of third-party documents (currently incorporated by
reference) directly into the regulatory text of the standard; and (3)
updating Standard No. 108 to reflect letters of interpretation.
The re-write of FMVSS No. 108 is considered to be administrative in
nature because the standard's existing requirements and obligations are
not being increased, decreased, or substantively modified. Accordingly,
costs associated with manufacturer compliance with Standard No. 108 are
not expected to change as a result of this regulatory action.
II. Background
A. Historical Overview of the Standard
The initial version of FMVSS No. 108 was adopted almost 40 years
ago \1\ to increase motor vehicle safety by establishing requirements
for vehicle lighting, reflective devices, and associated equipment. In
developing the standard, NHTSA incorporated requirements from a number
of industry consensus standards, in particular SAE standards. At that
time, motor vehicle technologies were relatively simple, as compared to
today's designs. For example, motor vehicle headlighting systems were
limited to ones consisting of either two 7-inch or four 5\3/4\-inch
round sealed beam units. During the ensuing years, a number of
rectangular sealed beam units, replaceable bulb headlamps, and integral
beam headlamps were developed, and FMVSS No. 108 was amended to permit
the use of these new technologies. Later, the standard was further
amended to add requirements for center high-mounted stop lamps, side
marker lamps, and side reflex reflectors, to allow for daytime running
lamps, and to address the conspicuity needs of large vehicles. However,
such amendments were made on an ad hoc basis, which, over time,
resulted in a patchwork organization for FMVSS No. 108.
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\1\ The final rule which first promulgated FMVSS No. 108 was
published on February 3, 1967, with an effective date of January 1,
1968 (see 32 FR 2408).
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Furthermore, when regulated parties had questions regarding how
FMVSS No. 108 should be interpreted (in many instances due to rapid
advances in lighting technology not fully anticipated or addressed by
the existing regulatory text), they submitted requests for
interpretation to the agency on specific issues. Since its
promulgation, there has been a large number of interpretation letters
issued on FMVSS No. 108. Thus, in its current state, FMVSS No. 108 has
[[Page 77455]]
requirements that are located directly in its regulatory text, located
in referenced SAE standards, and elaborated upon in various agency
interpretations. Since its inception, NHTSA has never completed a
thorough reorganization of the entire standard.
B. The Need for an Administrative Re-write of the Standard
Due to concerns about being able to locate requirements efficiently
and the apparent lack of clarity associated with the standard as
demonstrated by an abundance of letters of interpretation, we have
decided to undertake an administrative re-write of FMVSS No. 108. The
agency has also received complaints that the current text of FMVSS No.
108 sometimes results in confusion, in part due to the way it is
organized. In present form, FMVSS No. 108 does not group all
requirements for a particular lamp together. Regulated parties have
stated that the current organization of FMVSS No. 108 makes it
difficult for them, at times, to be fully confident that all applicable
requirements have been identified and satisfied prior to certification
to the standard. Also, the large number of interpretations that has
been issued by the agency regarding Standard No. 108 makes it difficult
for interested parties to locate and identify the agency's position on
relevant issues. In addition, regulated parties have conveyed to the
agency in recent years that some of the older SAE standards
incorporated by reference into FMVSS No. 108 are no longer readily
available from SAE International.
The agency believes that interested parties should have easy access
to the requirements of the standard, and, therefore, we believe there
would be value in publishing requirements that are currently contained
in third-party documents directly within FMVSS No. 108 itself. For
example, the performance requirements and associated test procedures
for various lamps are currently contained in several referenced SAE
standards. However, the agency believes it would be beneficial to
incorporate these requirements, without change, directly into the
regulatory text of FMVSS No. 108. The same logic applies to our
decision to propose including the results of relevant legal
interpretations into the standard. Furthermore, several provisions in
Standard No. 108 refer to regulatory inception dates that are several
years in the past, so the agency is proposing to eliminate text citing
such past dates.
For these reasons, we believe that the benefits of an
administrative re-write of FMVSS No. 108 (e.g., making the standard
more navigable and thereby facilitating compliance with existing
requirements) justify the necessary commitment of agency resources to
accomplish this reorganization of the standard.
III. Agency Proposal
A. Summary of the Proposal
The agency is proposing to reorganize FMVSS No. 108 in such a
manner as to make it more understandable (e.g., by adopting a
simplified numbering scheme) and to reduce references to third-party
documents. This administrative re-write attempts to organize related
materials in a logical and consistent manner that improves the clarity
of the requirements, thereby increasing its utility for interested
parties. As proposed, the reorganized standard would progress from
vehicle-level requirements to device-level requirements, beginning with
the most common requirements and then proceeding to exceptions. In
order to make requirements easier to find, we are proposing to add a
Table of Contents as an appendix to the standard. In addition, a list
of figures and cross-reference roadmaps are included as a part of this
proposal in order to indicate where specific requirements currently in
FMVSS No. 108 would reside in the reorganized regulatory text of the
standard.
This document also proposes to move figures addressing sealed beam
headlamps that are currently included in FMVSS No. 108 and SAE J1383
(APR 1985) into 49 CFR Part 564 as a newly-created Appendix C.
Consistent with our understanding that few lighting manufacturers still
produce sealed beam headlamps, we see few drawbacks to consolidating
the information regarding sealed beam light sources with other light
source information currently located in 49 CFR Part 564, Replaceable
Light Source Information.
By way of overview, requirements in the proposed re-write of FMVSS
No. 108 are consolidated into dedicated paragraphs. The first several
paragraphs (S1 through S4) would be organized in the same manner as the
present standard, although we note that S4, Definitions, has been
expanded to incorporate relevant definitions from the applicable SAE
standards previously incorporated as part of Standard No. 108. S5 would
address the remaining references to SAE standards.
Whereas Standard No. 108 currently references approximately 35
different SAE documents in nearly 100 separate instances, the proposed
re-write references eight SAE documents, which we believe will not be
commonly used by regulated parties. Performance requirements and
physical and environmental test procedures currently located in SAE
standards, including but not limited to SAE J575d (Aug 1967), SAE J
575e (Aug 1970), SAE J575 (Dec 1988), SAE J565b (Feb 1969), SAE J580
(Dec 1986), SAE J565b (Feb 1969), SAE J590b (Oct 1965), and SAE J945
(Feb 1966), have been included in Tables XXI to XXIII of FMVSS No. 108
as part of the proposed re-write. To the extent possible, the proposed
re-write limits the amount of references within the regulatory text to
other sections of the standard.
As an organizational improvement, the proposal addresses vehicle-
level requirements in S6, including requirements by vehicle type.
Following that, requirements are organized with dedicated sections for
each type of lamp and reflective device, beginning with signal lamps,
reflective devices and associated equipment under S7 and headlamp and
headlighting requirements under S8 through S13, and S16 through S18.
S14 addresses aimability performance requirements, while S15 covers
replaceable light sources (including references to Part 564). The
agency believes this format would make the standard more comprehensible
and user-friendly.
From a regulatory perspective, it is our intention that this
administrative re-write of Standard No. 108 would neither result in any
current obligation being diminished, nor any new obligation being
imposed. Therefore, we do not believe that vehicle manufacturers and
lighting manufacturers would have to make any changes to their
respective products or production processes if this proposal were made
final. Accordingly, we are proposing to make the proposed revisions
effective 180 days after publication of the final rule. Voluntary early
compliance with the reorganized standard is proposed to be permitted
immediately, although the substantive requirements are identical under
both versions.
B. Process for Developing the Administrative Re-Write
1. Review of Existing Regulatory Text
The agency began this administrative re-write process by reviewing
the existing regulatory text of Standard No. 108, including
requirements that are currently incorporated by reference from SAE
standards. During the course of this extensive review, it became
apparent that FMVSS No. 108 could be organized in a more efficient
manner. We noted that, in many instances,
[[Page 77456]]
requirements for a specific lamp are located throughout FMVSS No. 108.
In many cases, the regulatory text of the standard references other
sections within the standard, which made review cumbersome. In other
cases, FMVSS No. 108 contains specific performance requirements but
does not contain the applicable test procedure (which is located in the
cited SAE standard); the agency noted it would be much easier to
simultaneously review both the test procedures and performance
requirements if that information were consolidated in one location, in
contrast to the current arrangement.
2. Review of Existing Interpretation Letters
Because there have been over two thousand interpretation letters
issued by the agency regarding FMVSS No. 108 since the standard was
initially implemented, we attempted to identify the most significant
ones. The criteria used in determining whether an interpretation was
significant focused on whether it provided value in clarifying the
provisions in the standard. In the vast majority of cases, requests for
interpretation have identified questions regarding applicability of
certain provisions to specific design configurations. These
interpretations were not included, because we tentatively concluded
they would not add value to the regulatory text.
Using this approach, in order to clarify the current requirements
of FMVSS No. 108, the re-write proposal contains text from the
following key interpretation letters (each of which is briefly
described in the following paragraphs), to Mr. Alkire \2\ (11/28/89),
Mr. Camp \3\ (6/17/97), Mr. Clarke \4\ (7/28/05), Mr. Farber \5\ (5/26/
00), Mr. King \6\ (7/12/00), Mr. Parkyn \7\ (6/1/98), and Mr. Spingler
(7/2/99 \8\ and 4/6/00 \9\). (Each of these interpretations is
discussed below, although only to the extent necessary to describe the
key principle(s) being incorporated as part of the administrative re-
write of FMVSS No. 108.) It also reflects our notice of interpretation
concerning replacement equipment published in the Federal Register (70
FR 65972) on November 1, 2005. The agency invites input from interested
parties regarding additional interpretations that they believe should
be included in the final rule for this administrative re-write,
including identification of the interpretation, specific text to
consider, and the applicable paragraph of the re-write where it should
be added.
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\2\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/2169y.html.
\3\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/15309.ztv.html.
\4\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/GF002551.3.html.
\5\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21341.ztv.html.
\6\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21605.ztv.html.
\7\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/17690.ztv.html.
\8\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/19548.ztv.html.
\9\ http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21406.ztv.html.
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The Alkire interpretation addressed questions regarding
modifications that may take a vehicle out of compliance and what
parties are prohibited from making such modifications. It states,
``This standard [FMVSS 108] must be met when the vehicle is
manufactured, and when it is sold to its first purchaser (i.e., dealer-
installed equipment must not affect compliance of the vehicle with the
safety standards).'' Because dealers are increasingly involved in
installing equipment and accessories to vehicles before they are
initially sold and those items usually raise obstruction issues,
explicit language was incorporated in S6.2.2 of this proposal to
address obstruction.
The Camp interpretation established that running boards are
considered substantially similar to other items of equipment such as
signal lamps, marker lamps, outside rearview mirrors, flexible fender
extensions, mud flaps, and outside door handles, and thus should be
likewise excluded from the definition of ``overall width'' that
currently resides in obscurity as footnote 1 to Table IV of Standard
No. 108. All definitions specific to FMVSS No. 108 are located in S4 of
this proposal, including ``overall width.'' Adding running boards to
that definition consolidates all exclusions and clarifies the
requirement.
The Clarke interpretation responded to a request to clarify how
close auxiliary lamps may be mounted to required identification lamps
to avoid impairment. FMVSS No. 108 requires that the three lamps that
make up the identification lamp cluster be spaced from 6 to 12 inches
apart. This unique appearance serves as a signal to other drivers that
the vehicle, so equipped, is a large vehicle. Therefore, our
interpretation letter stated that in making an impairment
determination, the agency considers how close the identification lamps
are spaced to each other, as well as to the auxiliary lamps. In that
letter, the agency stated that positioning auxiliary lamps at a
distance that is at least twice the distance that separates each lamp
in the required three-lamp cluster provides sufficient separation not
to impair the effectiveness of the three lamp cluster. This language
was included in S6.2.5 of this proposal. In addition, the Clarke
interpretation also emphasized that auxiliary lamps must be designed to
comply with the photometric output and be of the same color as required
lamps to avoid impairment. This requirement is contained in S6.2.3 of
this proposal to add clarity.
The Farber interpretation addressed the issue of what actions are
permitted to cause the stop lamps to illuminate. The current explicit
language in FMVSS No. 108 requires that stop lamps illuminate ``upon
application of the service brakes.'' In this interpretation letter,
NHTSA discussed the fact that any item of vehicle equipment that
diminishes the speed of a vehicle beyond normally achievable coast-down
deceleration creates an appearance to a following driver equivalent to
that of a service brake application. Therefore, it would be permissible
for the stop lamps to be illuminated when a device such as an engine
retarder, transmission downshifting device, or similar item acts to
slow the vehicle, because such illumination would not create any
confusion in the mind of a following driver and thus would not ``impair
the effectiveness'' of the required stop lamps. Accordingly, this
proposal states in S6.1.5.1 (Stop lamp activation): ``Each stop lamp
may also be activated when the vehicle is slowed by a device designed
to retard the motion of the vehicle.'' This language also appears in
each of the three ``Stop Lamps'' rows in the ``Device Activation''
column of Table I.
The King interpretation concerned lamp systems (such as stop lamps,
turn signal lamps, and taillamps), that consist of two closely mounted
lamps, one of which is mounted on the outer edge of the deck lid and
the other mounted adjacent on the rear quarter panel. The photometric
requirements for stop lamps, rear turn signal lamps, and taillamps must
be determined based upon how many such individual lamps or individual
lighted sections in a single lamp are present. In the situation
described in the King interpretation, there were two discrete,
physically-separate lamps each having a portion of the total stop, turn
signal, and tail function for one side of the vehicle. Mr. King asked
whether both functions, when considered together, must be designed to
comply with the two-lighted-section photometry requirement for that
function, or whether the lamp mounted on the rear quarter panel must be
designed to comply with the single-lighted-compartment photometric
requirement for that function. NHTSA confirmed that in the situation
described, the lamp that is mounted on the rear quarter panel is the
one that must be designed to comply with FMVSS No. 108 because it will
be visible at all times. In contrast, the lamp
[[Page 77457]]
mounted to the deck lid would be considered supplemental lighting
equipment because it could be out of design position if the vehicle is
operated with the lid open. In order to clarify FMVSS 108's
requirements in such situations, S6.1.3 (Mounting location and height)
of this proposal includes the following sentence: ``When multiple lamp
arrangements of or multiple compartment rear turn signal lamps, stop
lamps, or taillamps are used, with only a portion of the compartments
or lamps installed on a fixed body panel of the vehicle, that portion
must meet at least the photometric requirements for the appropriate
single compartment lamp.''
The Parkyn interpretation responded to a request for clarification
regarding photometric requirements for stop lamps installed on motor-
driven cycles. Regarding such lamps, the applicable section of the
current version of FMVSS No. 108 states the required photometric output
``for the group of test points specified in Figure 1 is at least one-
half of the minimum values set forth in that figure.'' The process of
determining the photometric requirements for parking lamps, taillamps,
and motor-driven cycle stop lamps in FMVSS No. 108 is a multi-step
procedure requiring a calculation based on values found in Figures 1A,
1B, and 1C. NHTSA stated the result of the proper calculation for a
single lighted section motor-driven cycle stop lamp was 26 candela in
Zones 1 and 5, 50 candela in Zones 2 and 4, and 190 candela in Zone 3.
To simplify this requirement, this proposal has obviated the need for
such calculations by eliminating the content of Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C,
choosing instead to place the specific photometric values into new
Table XIV for parking lamps, Table VIII for taillamps, and Table IX for
stop lamps. Footnote 5 of Table IX specifically notes the portion that
applies to motor-driven cycle stop lamps.
The letter of interpretation issued to Mr. Spingler on July 2, 1999
responded to a request for clarification as to whether there are any
lateral limits on headlamp lower beam photometry in the area from
10[deg]U to 90[deg]U. Currently, FMVSS No. 108 Figures 15-1, 15-2, 17-
1, 17-2, 28-1, and 28-2, which address lower beam headlamp photometry,
require a maximum of 125 candela in the area of 10[deg]U to 90[deg]U
but do not cite any lateral limits in that area. In our interpretation
to Mr. Spingler, NHTSA stated, ``The Figures do not state where in
space from left to right to locate the vertical line, and thus, they do
not specify that a line is to be measured. It follows that the only
description of a set of test points is that of the entire area from 90L
to 90R and 10U to 90U, i.e., an area from the extreme left of the test
point grid to the extreme right of the test point grid, with an
elevation of from 10U to 90U.'' This requirement has been explicitly
incorporated in Table XIX of this proposal, which specifies lateral
limits of 90[deg]L to 90[deg]R in the area of 10[deg]U to 90[deg]U.
The letter of interpretation issued to Mr. Spingler on April 6,
2000 concerned the procedure for measuring the cut-off parameter in a
visually/optically aimable headlamp, specifically the appropriate
measurement distance and photo sensor aperture size. In that letter, we
stated that the intent of the negotiated rulemaking, which culminated
with the amendments to FMVSS No. 108 permitting visually-optically
aimed headlamps, was to specify that the cut-off parameter should be
measured and aimed at a distance of 10 meters using a photosensor with
a 10 millimeter diameter. The letter also confirmed that compliance
with photometric requirements is determined at 18.3 meters. NHTSA also
stated its intent to include these requirements in a future amendment
to FMVSS 108. This proposal fulfills that commitment by proposing to
include these requirements in S14.10.1.5.
3. Structure of the Revised Standard
The agency developed the general approach for this proposal to
reorganize FMVSS No. 108 through coordinated efforts between NHTSA and
a lighting consultant with whom the agency contracted. The proposed
structure for this administrative re-write follows that of a report
submitted under this contract (which may be found in the docket for
this rulemaking), beginning with the most common requirements and then
proceeding to exceptions and permutations. As proposed, the standard
progresses from vehicle-level requirements to device-level
requirements, consolidated from a structural perspective to the extent
possible. References to third-party documents have been eliminated, to
the extent possible, with applicable requirements instead being
included directly in the text of FMVSS No. 108.
The following provides an overview of the provisions contained in
the revised standard, as proposed. As previously mentioned, paragraphs
S1 through S4 are nearly identical to the existing standard. S5 makes
clear that some SAE documents continue to be incorporated by reference
in FMVSS No. 108 and states that a list of those SAE documents may be
found in 49 CFR 571.5(j). (We note that while 49 CFR 571.5 (j) does not
currently exist, a recent NPRM \10\ published in the Federal Register
proposed to establish 49 CFR 571.5 as a centralized repository of all
third-party documents incorporated by reference in our FMVSSs.)
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\10\ 70 FR 36094 (June 22, 2005). This NPRM primarily addressed
the definition of ``designated seating position'' (see Docket No.
NHTSA-2005-21600-1).
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As proposed, we have reorganized S6 to include the vehicle-level
requirements for motor vehicle lighting equipment. The basic parameters
for such equipment, including quantity required, color, mounting, and
activation, are addressed. Supplementing S6 is Table I. Table I
specifies requirements for the above parameters for each lamp and
reflective device. In terms of hierarchy, Table I is organized by
starting with equipment required on all vehicles (except trailers and
motorcycles), and then listing other required or optional devices that
are necessary depending on the specific width, length, weight,
construction, or purpose of a vehicle. This process is subsequently
repeated for trailers and motorcycles.
Proposed Table I also incorporates the content from Tables I, II,
III, and IV of current FMVSS No. 108, as well as activation
requirements from the text of the current standard. The term
``activation'' is given the same meaning in both the proposed re-write
and the current version of FMVSS No. 108; that term refers to how the
light sources for specific lighting functions are energized. Some of
these requirements are currently identified as ``wiring'' requirements
under FMVSS No. 108, but because of problems associated with imprecise
usage of that term, we have decided not to use it to describe
energizing light sources in the re-write.
S6 also describes additional equipment that may be installed under
the standard, such as Daytime Running Lamps (DRLs) and additional
quantities of required devices above those needed to make a vehicle
compliant with the standard. A recent letter of interpretation (the
previously discussed letter of interpretation to Mr. Clarke) concerning
the installation of auxiliary identification lamps is reflected in this
section. The requirement that additional equipment cannot impair the
effectiveness of required equipment is also included under S6, along
with requirements that arise when a lamp or reflective device is
obscured by another item of equipment. Permitted and prohibited
combinations of lamps and reflective devices are included in S6.3,
[[Page 77458]]
and S6.4 deals with the requirements of effective projected luminous
lens area and visibility. Specific effective projected luminous lens
area and visibility requirements for all lamps are listed in Tables IV
and V.
The use of ``DOT'' and ``DRL'' markings is explained in S6.5. We
note that although we considered consolidating all marking requirements
into one section, such an approach proved to be unattainable because of
the organizational structure chosen for the re-write. Because the
``DOT'' marking is the one that has the widest applicability for items
of equipment regulated under FMVSS No. 108 items and in light of the
prominent position of S6.5, we do not believe that it would be
overlooked by future users.
S6.6 lists the various items of associated equipment required on
regulated vehicles. It also includes requirements for a license plate
holder previously referenced in SAE J587 (OCT 1981). Another important
provision is S6.7, which covers replacement lighting equipment. The
proposed language in the re-write states that such equipment must
conform to all requirements except photometry, and it must be designed
to conform to photometry requirements, either of the current version of
FMVSS No. 108 or the version in effect at the time of manufacture of
the original equipment being replaced. This text provides the
distinction for older lamp replacements contained in paragraphs S5.8.3
to S5.8.9 of the current standard.
Performance requirements based upon physical tests (e.g., corrosion
test, vibration test, dust test) begin at S6.8. Most of the detailed
test procedures and performance requirements have been placed in Table
XXI for associated equipment, Table XXII for signal lamps, motorcycle
headlamps, and reflective devices, and Table XXIII for headlamps. Tests
for color and plastic optical materials placed in Table XXII also may
apply to headlamps.
S6.8 also includes detailed procedures for photometric testing. For
example, one specific test procedure applies to all lamps, except
license plate lamps, headlamps, and DRLs. Another test procedure is
specifically for license plate lamps, while yet another applies only to
DRLs. Headlamps have their own test procedure, as do reflex reflectors
and retroreflective sheeting. A major distinction between these
different photometry test procedures is the minimum distance required
between the sample lamp or reflective device and the photo detector.
Requirements for specific lamps, reflective devices, and items of
associated equipment are contained in S7. There is a provision for each
individual type of lamp or reflective device, under which design
requirements, if any, are listed, and physical test requirements for
that item are contained in Table XXII. In addition, the photometric
test requirements specific to each signal lamp or reflective device are
included in Tables VII through XVII. These tables, along with their
footnotes, provide complete photometric requirements for the lamps and
reflective devices installed on all regulated vehicles covered under
the standard. Photometry requirements generally include minimum and
maximum luminous intensities at specific test points or groups of test
points, intensities for arrays of multiple lamps or multiple
compartment lamps, intensity ratios between the separate functions of
optically combined lamps, as well as differing intensities for lamps
that perform the same function but are of different colors.
Requirements for conspicuity systems on truck tractors and some
trailers are also a part of S7. The text of S7 sets forth presence,
performance, and marking requirements, while the application
requirements for covered vehicles are contained in Table III. Figures
11, 12-1, 12-2, and 13 visually supplement the narrative explanation in
Table III concerning the placement of conspicuity material on these
vehicles. Table XVI includes photometry requirements for reflex
reflectors, conspicuity reflex reflectors, and retroreflective
sheeting. Specific requirements for items of associated equipment are
contained in S7.14, while the applicable test requirements are
specified in Table XXI.
S8 contains the requirements for headlighting systems and cites
Table II, which specifically addresses the four categories of headlamps
that are permitted to be installed on vehicles. Each of these
categories (sealed beam, integral beam, replaceable bulb, and
combination headlighting systems) has specific photometric
requirements. The requirements are also dependent upon whether the
system is a two-lamp or four-lamp design and whether the headlamps are
mechanically or visually aimed. All upper beam photometric requirements
are contained in Table XVIII, and all lower beam photometric
requirements are contained in Table XIX. S8 also describes how upper
beam and lower beam headlamps must be arranged on the vehicle.
Under proposed S9, the standard provides more detailed requirements
for sealed beam headlamps, including a statement explaining that basic
design information may be found in Appendix C of Part 564. In addition,
S9 specifies requirements for a sealed beam headlighting system in
which the upper and lower beams are aimed simultaneously. The text also
directs the reader to the applicable photometric and physical test
requirements for that type of headlighting system.
Similar to the provisions in S9, paragraph S10 contains analogous
provisions for integral beam headlamps, and paragraph S11 contains
those same type of provisions for replaceable bulb headlamps. S12
contains requirements for combination headlamps. A combination headlamp
system, being composed of a combination of specific sealed beam
headlamps, integral beam headlamps, or replaceable bulb headlamps, does
not have specific performance requirements. Rather, its component parts
are required to meet the performance associated with their particular
category.
Paragraph S13 contains requirements for motorcycle headlamps.
Generally, motorcycles may use one half of any listed headlamp system
or a headlighting system exclusive to motorcycles. The standard
includes design requirements for the motorcycle-exclusive system in S13
and associated photometry requirements in Table XX. Requirements for
motorcycle headlamp modulation systems are also contained in S13.
Paragraph S14 addresses headlamp adjustment and aiming. Headlamps
may either be mechanically aimed by an external aiming device that
attaches to the lens face, mechanically aimed by using an integral
aiming device called a Vehicle Headlamp Aiming Device (VHAD), or be
visually-optically aimed. S14 includes specific requirements for each
of these aiming systems, and Table XXIII contains physical test
requirements for the VHAD system. Requirements for marking the optical
axis of a headlamp are also contained in this section.
Paragraph S15, dealing with replaceable light sources, is almost
identical to the corresponding section currently in FMVSS No. 108;
however, some test procedures and performance requirements have been
incorporated into Table XXIII. Paragraph S16, addressing headlamp
concealment devices, has been adopted verbatim from the current FMVSS
No. 108. Paragraph S17 consolidates marking requirements that apply
only to headlamps and lists for reference the other sections of the
FMVSS No. 108 re-write where marking requirements reside. Paragraph S18
contains requirements for headlamps with replaceable lenses.
[[Page 77459]]
4. Incorporations by Reference
FMVSS No. 108 currently incorporates approximately three dozen SAE
standards by reference. Under the proposed reorganization of the re-
write, the number of SAE standards that would continue to be
incorporated by reference is reduced to eight. This reduction would be
achieved by including performance requirements and test procedures
currently contained in SAE standards into the tables and text of FMVSS
No. 108. We believe that this modification would greatly increase the
utility of the document and that most interested parties would
infrequently, if ever, need to use the SAE standards that continue to
be incorporated by reference.
Under the proposed re-write, FMVSS No. 108 would still incorporate
the requirements of the following SAE Standards by reference: (1) SAE
J588e, Turn Signal Lamps (September 1970), (2) SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs
and Sealed Units (December 1968), (3) SAE J577, Vibration Test Machine
(April 1964), (4) SAE J823b, Flasher Test Equipment (April 1968), (5)
SAE J602, Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam
Headlamp Units (August 1963), (6) SAE J602, Headlamp Aiming Device for
Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam Headlamp Units (October 1980), (7) SAE
J2009, Discharge Forward Lighting Systems (February 1993), and (8) SAE
J1050, Describing and Measuring the Driver's Field of View.
C. Effective Date
As previously discussed, the proposed amendments set forth in this
notice would not make substantive changes to the existing standard.
Instead, we are proposing to amend and reorganize the regulatory text
of FMVSS No. 108 so that it simplifies the presentation of the
standard's requirements for lamps, reflective devices, and associated
equipment and reflects the agency's interpretation of the existing
requirements. We believe vehicle manufacturers and lighting
manufacturers would not have to make any changes to their respective
products or production processes if this proposal were made final;
instead, the proposed amendments should reduce the burden of certifying
to Standard No. 108 for regulated parties. Accordingly, we are
proposing to make the proposed revisions effective 180 days after
publication of the final rule. Voluntary early compliance with the
reorganized standard would be permitted immediately, although the
substantive requirements are identical under both versions.
IV. Benefits and Costs
Because this proposal only reorganizes the existing requirements of
the standard, we do not anticipate that there would be any costs or
benefits associated with this rulemaking action to implement an
administrative re-write of FMVSS No. 108, other than the benefits
associated with a clearer, easier-to-read standard. Accordingly, the
agency did not conduct a separate economic analysis for this
rulemaking.
V. Public Participation
How Can I Influence NHTSA's Thinking on This Notice?
In developing this notice, NHTSA has sought to address the concerns
of all stakeholders. Your comments will help us determine the final
form for the standard, pursuant to the FMVSS No. 108 re-write. We
invite you to provide different views about the issues presented,
specific interpretations that have not been included in the re-write
that you think should be (including applicable proposed regulatory
text), how this notice may affect you, or other relevant information.
We welcome your views on all aspects of this notice. Your comments will
be most effective if you follow the suggestions below:
Explain your views and reasoning as clearly as possible.
Provide empirical evidence, wherever possible, to support
your views.
If you estimate potential costs, explain how you arrived
at that estimate.
Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns.
Offer specific alternatives, including proposed regulatory
text.
Reference specific sections of the notice in your
comments, such as the units or page numbers of the preamble, or the
regulatory sections.
Be sure to include the name, date, and docket number of
the proceeding as part of your comments.
How Do I Prepare and Submit Comments?
Your comments must be written and in English. To ensure that your
comments are correctly filed in the Docket, please include the docket
number of this document in your comments.
Your comments must not be more than 15 pages long. (49 CFR 553.21)
We established this limit to encourage you to write your primary
comments in a concise fashion. However, you may attach necessary
additional documents to your comments. There is no limit on the length
of the attachments.
Please submit two copies of your comments, including the
attachments, to Docket Management at the address given above under
ADDRESSES.
You may also submit your comments to the docket electronically by
logging onto the Dockets Management System Web site at http://dms.dot.gov. Click on ``Help & Information'' or ``Help/Info'' to obtain
instructions for filing your document electronically.
How Can I Be Sure That My Comments Were Received?
If you wish Docket Management to notify you upon its receipt of
your comments, enclose a self-addressed, stamped postcard in the
envelope containing your comments. Upon receiving your comments, Docket
Management will return the postcard by mail. Each electronic filer will
receive electronic confirmation that his or her submission has been
received.
How Do I Submit Confidential Business Information?
If you wish to submit any information under a claim of
confidentiality, you should submit three copies of your complete
submission, including the information you claim to be confidential
business information, to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the address given
above under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. In addition, you should
submit two copies, from which you have deleted the claimed confidential
business information, to Docket Management at the address given above
under ADDRESSES. When you send a comment containing information claimed
to be confidential business information, you should include a cover
letter delineating that information, as specified in our confidential
business information regulation. (49 CFR Part 512.)
Will the Agency Consider Late Comments?
We will consider all comments that Docket Management receives
before the close of business on the comment closing date indicated
above under DATES. To the extent possible, we will also consider
comments that Docket Management receives after that date. If Docket
Management receives a comment too late for us to consider it in
developing a final rule (assuming that one is issued), we will consider
that comment as an informal suggestion for future rulemaking action.
[[Page 77460]]
How Can I Read the Comments Submitted by Other People?
You may read the comments received by Docket Management at the
address given above under ADDRESSES. The hours of the Docket are
indicated above in the same location.
You may also review filed public comments on the Internet. To read
the comments on the Internet, take the following steps:
1. Go to the Docket Management System (DMS) Web page of the
Department of Transportation (http://dms.dot.gov/).
2. On that page, click on ``search.''
3. On the next page (http://dms.dot.gov/search/), type in the four-
digit docket number shown at the beginning of this document. (Example:
If the docket number were ``NHTSA-1998-1234,'' you would type
``1234.'') After typing the docket number, click on ``search.''
4. On the next page, which contains docket summary information for
the docket you selected, click on the desired comments. You may
download the comments. Although the comments are imaged documents,
instead of word processing documents, the ``pdf'' versions of the
documents are word searchable.
Please note that even after the comment closing date, we will
continue to file relevant information in the Docket as it becomes
available. Further, some people may submit late comments. Accordingly,
we recommend that you periodically check the Docket for new material.
Data Quality Act Statement
Pursuant to the Data Quality Act, in order for substantive data
submitted by third parties to be relied upon and used by the agency, it
must also meet the information quality standards set forth in the DOT
Data Quality Act guidelines. Accordingly, members of the public should
consult the guidelines in preparing information submissions to the
agency. DOT's guidelines may be accessed at http://dmses.dot.gov/submit/DataQualityGuidelines.pdf.
VI. Rulemaking Analyses and Notices
A. Vehicle Safety Act
Under 49 U.S.C. Chapter 301, Motor Vehicle Safety (49 U.S.C. 30101
et seq.), the Secretary of Transportation is responsible for
prescribing motor vehicle safety standards that are practicable, meet
the need for motor vehicle safety, and are stated in objective
terms.\11\ These motor vehicle safety standards set a minimum standard
for motor vehicle or motor vehicle equipment performance.\12\ When
prescribing such standards, the Secretary must consider all relevant,
available motor vehicle safety information.\13\ The Secretary also must
consider whether a proposed standard is reasonable, practicable, and
appropriate for the type of motor vehicle or motor vehicle equipment
for which it is prescribed and the extent to which the standard will
further the statutory purpose of reducing traffic accidents and
associated deaths.\14\ The responsibility for promulgation of Federal
motor vehicle safety standards has been delegated to NHTSA.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ 49 U.S.C. 30111(a).
\12\ 49 U.S.C. 30102(a)(9).
\13\ 49 U.S.C. 30111(b).
\14\ Id.
\15\ 49 U.S.C. 105 and 322; delegation of authority at 49 CFR
1.50.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FMVSS No. 108, Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Associated Equipment,
was originally established in a final rule published in the Federal
Register on February 3, 1967 (32 FR 2408). The purpose of the standard
is to reduce traffic accidents and deaths and injuries resulting from
traffic accidents, by providing adequate illumination of the roadway,
and by enhancing the conspicuity of motor vehicles on the public roads
so that their presence is perceived and their signals understood, both
in daylight and in darkness or other conditions of reduced visibility.
Since the time of the standard's initial promulgation, the agency has
undertaken numerous rulemakings and interpretations related to Standard
No. 108, in many cases to deal with the emergence of new lighting
technologies. In recent years, concerns have been raised that after
nearly four decades of amendment, navigating the requirements of the
standard has become increasingly difficult. Therefore, the agency is
proposing an administrative re-write of Standard No. 108 in order to
improve its structure and clarity, without changing any of its existing
substantive requirements. In preparing this proposed rule, the agency
carefully considered the statutory requirements of 49 U.S.C. Chapter
301.
First, this proposal reflects the agency's careful consideration
and analysis of all existing regulatory provision of FMVSS No. 108, as
well as salient letters of interpretation related to that standard. In
developing the substantive provisions of the standard over the years,
the agency considered all relevant, available motor vehicle safety
information, including available research, testing results, and other
information related to various technologies. This proposed
administrative re-write does not change any of these existing
provisions or the basis therefore.
Second, to ensure that the requirements of FMVSS No. 108 are
practicable (as well as consistent with our safety objectives), the
agency evaluated the cost, availability, and suitability of the
standard's provisions, both when initially adopted and during
subsequent amendments. As noted above, the changes resulting from this
proposal are administrative in nature and would not impact the costs
and benefits of the standard. In sum, we believe that this proposal is
practicable and would maintain the benefits of Standard No. 108.
Third, the proposed regulatory text following this preamble is
stated in objective terms in order to specify precisely what
performance is required and how performance will be tested to ensure
compliance with the standard. In certain cases, the proposal would
modify the language of the standard to improve clarity or to
incorporate existing interpretations, again without changing the
substance of the existing requirements.
Fourth, we believe that this proposed rule would meet the need for
motor vehicle safety by clarifying the safety standard, thereby making
it easier for regulated parties to comply with all applicable
requirements.
Finally, we believe that this proposal is reasonable and
appropriate for motor vehicles subject to the applicable requirements.
As discussed elsewhere in this notice, the modifications to the
standard resulting from this proposal would be administrative in
nature. It does not affect the substance of the requirements or the
bases for those requirements, as articulated in earlier rulemakings.
Accordingly, we believe that this proposal would be appropriate for
covered vehicles that are or would become subject to these provisions
of FMVSS No. 108 because it furthers the agency's objective of
preventing crash-related deaths and serious injuries by ensuring
adequate illumination of roadways and enhanced conspicuity of motor
vehicles.
B. Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures
Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and Review'' (58 FR
51735, October 4, 1993), provides for making determinations whether a
regulatory action is ``significant'' and therefore subject to OMB
review and to the requirements of the Executive Order. The Order
defines a ``significant
[[Page 77461]]
regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or Tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
This rulemaking document was not reviewed by the Office of
Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866. The rule is not
considered to be significant within the meaning of E.O. 12866 or the
Department of Transportation's Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44
FR 11034 (Feb. 26, 1979)). As stated above in Section IV, Benefits and
Costs, this proposal is not expected to require parties subject to the
requirements of the safety standard to alter their existing practices
for certifying compliance with Standard No. 108 or to increase costs of
compliance, because the proposal would only reorganize and clarify
existing requirements. Accordingly, the agency has not prepared any
supplemental economic analysis to accompany this rulemaking document.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.,
as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
(SBREFA) of 1996), whenever an agency is required to publish a notice
of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make
available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that
describes the effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., small
businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions).
The Small Business Administration's regulations at 13 CFR Part 121
define a small business, in part, as a business entity ``which operates
primarily within the United States.'' (13 CFR 121.105(a)). No
regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of an agency
certifies the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. SBREFA amended the Regulatory
Flexibility Act to require Federal agencies to provide a statement of
the factual basis for certifying that a rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
NHTSA has considered the effects of this proposed rule under the
Regulatory Flexibility Act. I certify that this proposed rule would not
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. The rationale for this certification is that the present
proposal does not make any substantive changes to this safety standard,
so affected parties would be able to continue current practices without
change. Accordingly, we do not anticipate that this proposal would have
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities.
D. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August 10,
1999), requires NHTSA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
``Policies that have federalism implications'' are defined in the
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.'' Under
Executive Order 13132, the agency may not issue a regulation with
Federalism implications, that imposes substantial direct compliance
costs, and that is not required by statute, unless the Federal
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance
costs incurred by State and local governments, the agency consults with
State and local governments, or the agency consults with State and
local officials early in the process of developing the proposed
regulation. NHTSA also may not issue a regulation with Federalism
implications and that preempts a State law unless the agency consults
with State and local officials early in the process of developing the
regulation.
NHTSA has analyzed this proposed rule in accordance with the
principles and criteria set forth in Executive Order 13132, and the
agency determined that the rule would not have sufficient Federalism
implications to warrant consultations with State and local officials or
the preparation of a Federalism summary impact statement. This proposed
rule is not expected to have any substantial effects on the States, or
on the current distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various local officials.
E. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)
Pursuant to Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform'' (61 FR
4729, February 7, 1996), the agency has considered whether this
rulemaking would have any retroactive effect. This proposed rule would
not have any retroactive effect. Under 49 U.S.C. 30103, whenever a
Federal motor vehicle safety standard is in effect, a State may not
adopt or maintain a safety standard applicable to the same aspect of
performance which is not identical to the Federal standard, except to
the extent that the State requirement imposes a higher level of
performance and applies only to vehicles procured for the State's use.
49 U.S.C. 30161 sets forth a procedure for judicial review of final
rules establishing, amending, or revoking Federal motor vehicle safety
standards. That section does not require submission of a petition for
reconsideration or other administrative proceedings before parties may
file a suit in court.
F. Executive Order 13045 (Protection of Children from Environmental
Health and Safety Risks)
Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19855, April 23, 1997), applies to any
rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant'' as
defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an environmental,
health, or safety risk that the agency has reason to believe may have a
disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets
both criteria, the agency must evaluate the environmental health or
safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the agency.
This proposed rule is not subject to E.O. 13045 because it is not
an economically significant regulatory action under Executive Order
12866, and because it does not involve decisions based upon health and
safety risks that disproportionately affect children.
G. Paperwork Reduction Act
Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA), a person is not
required to respond to a collection of information by a Federal agency
unless the collection displays a valid OMB control number. This
proposed rule does not contain any collection of information
[[Page 77462]]
requirements requiring review under the PRA.
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, (15 U.S.C. 272) directs the
agency to evaluate and use voluntary consensus standards in its
regulatory activities unless doing so would be inconsistent with
applicable law or is otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus
standards are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test
methods, sampling procedures, and business practices) that are
developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies, such as
the Society of Automotive Engineers. The NTTAA directs us to provide
Congress (through OMB) with explanations when we decide not to use
available and applicable voluntary consensus standards. The NTTAA does
not apply to symbols.
This proposal would not adopt or reference any new industry or
consensus standards that were not already present in Standard No. 108.
The agency's statements regarding the rationale for the use (or non-
use) of third-party standards, as presented in prior rulemakings,
remain unchanged.
I. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA)
requires federal agencies to prepare a written assessment of the costs,
benefits, and other effects of proposed or final rules that include a
Federal mandate likely to result in the expenditure by State, local, or
tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of more
than $100 million annually (adjusted for inflation with base year of
1995 (so currently about $112 million in 2001 dollars)). Before
promulgating a NHTSA rule for which a written statement is needed,
section 205 of the UMRA generally requires the agency to identify and
consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the
least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that
achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do
not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
section 205 allows the agency to adopt an alternative other than the
least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if
the agency publishes with the final rule an explanation of why that
alternative was not adopted.
This proposed rule is not anticipated to result in the expenditure
by State, local, or tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector in excess of $112 million annually. Instead, the cost
impact of this administrative re-write of Standard No. 108 is expected
to be $0. Therefore, the agency has not prepared an economic assessment
pursuant to the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
J. National Environmental Policy Act
NHTSA has analyzed this rulemaking action for the purposes of the
National Environmental Policy Act. The agency has determined that
implementation of this action would not have any significant impact on
the quality of the human environment.
K. Regulatory Identifier Number (RIN)
The Department of Transportation assigns a regulation identifier
number (RIN) to each regulatory action listed in the Unified Agenda of
Federal Regulations. The Regulatory Information Service Center
publishes the Unified Agenda in April and October of each year. You may
use the RIN contained in the heading at the beginning of this document
to find this action in the Unified Agenda.
L. Privacy Act
Please note that anyone is able to search the electronic form of
all comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the
individual submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted
on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may
review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register
published on April 11, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 70; Pages 19477-78), or
you may visit http://dms.dot.gov.
List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 571
Motor vehicle safety, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
Tires.
In consideration of the foregoing, Part 571 is proposed to be
amended as follows:
PART 571--FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS
1. The authority citation for part 571 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115, 30117, and 30166;
delegation of authority at 49 CFR 1.50.
2. Section 571.108 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and
associated equipment.
S1 Scope. This standard specifies requirements for original and
replacement lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment.
S2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce traffic
accidents and deaths and injuries resulting from traffic accidents, by
providing adequate illumination of the roadway, and by enhancing the
conspicuity of motor vehicles on the public roads so that their
presence is perceived and their signals understood, both in daylight
and in darkness or other conditions of reduced visibility.
S3 Application. This standard applies to:
S3.1 Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks,
buses, trailers (except pole trailers and trailer converter dollies),
and motorcycles;
S3.2 Retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors manufactured to
conform to S7.12 of this standard; and
S3.3 Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment for
replacement of like equipment on vehicles to which this standard
applies.
S4 Definitions. Definitions of additional terms used in this
standard may be found at 49 CFR 571.3.
Aiming plane means a plane defined by the surface of the three
aiming pads on the lens.
Aiming reference plane means a plane which is perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle and tangent to the forwardmost aiming
pad on the headlamp.
Aiming screws are the horizontal and vertical adjusting screws with
self-locking features used to aim and retain a headlamp unit in the
proper position.
Axis of reference means the characteristic axis of the lamp for use
as the direction of reference (H = 0[deg], V = 0[deg]) for angles of
field for photometric measurements and for installing the lamp on the
vehicle.
Backup lamp means a lamp or lamps which illuminate the road to the
rear of a vehicle and provide a warning signal to pedestrians and other
drivers when the vehicle is backing up or is about to back up.
Beam contributor means an indivisible optical assembly including a
lens, reflector, and light source, that is part of an integral beam
headlighting system and contributes only a portion of a headlamp beam.
Cargo lamp is a lamp that is mounted on a multipurpose passenger
vehicle, truck, or bus for the purpose of providing illumination to
load or unload cargo.
[[Page 77463]]
Clearance lamps are lamps which show to the front or rear of the
vehicle, mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle as near as
practicable to the upper left and right extreme edges to indicate the
overall width and height of the vehicle.
Coated materials means a material which has a coating applied to
the surface of the finished sample to impart some protective
properties. Coating identification means a mark of the manufacturer's
name, formulation designation number, and recommendations for
application.
Color. Fundamental definitions of color are expressed by
Chromaticity Coordinates according to the International Commission on
Illumination (C.I.E.) 1931 Standard Colorimetric System.
Color bleeding means the migration of color out of a plastic part
onto the surrounding surface.
Combination clearance and side marker lamps are single lamps which
simultaneously fulfill the requirements of clearance and side marker
lamps.
Cracking means a separation of adjacent sections of a plastic
material with penetration into the specimen.
Crazing means a network of apparent fine cracks on or beneath the
surface of materials.
Cutoff means a generally horizontal, visual/optical aiming cue in
the lower beam that marks a separation between areas of higher and
lower luminance.
Daytime running lamps (DRL's) are steady burning lamps that are
used to improve the conspicuity of a vehicle from the front and front
sides when the regular headlamps are not required for driving.
Delamination means a separation of the layers of a material
including coatings.
Design voltage means the voltage used for design purposes.
Direct reading indicator means a device that is mounted in its
entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting
equipment, is part of a VHAD, and provides information about headlamp
aim in an analog or digital format.
Effective light-emitting surface means that portion of a lamp that
directs light to the photometric test pattern, and does not include
transparent lenses, mounting hole bosses, reflex reflector area, beads
or rims that may glow or produce small areas of increased intensity as
a result of uncontrolled light from an area of \1/2\[deg] radius around
a test point.
Effective projected luminous lens area means the area of the
orthogonal projection of the effective light-emitting surface of a lamp
on a plane perpendicular to a defined direction relative to the axis of
reference. Unless otherwise specified, the direction is coincident with
the axis of reference. The term functional lighted lens area in any SAE
Standard or Recommended Practice incorporated by reference or by
subreference in this standard, has the same meaning as effective
projected luminous lens area.
Exposed means material used in lenses or optical devices exposed to
direct sunlight as installed on the vehicle.
Filament means that part of the light source or light emitting
element(s), such as a resistive element, the excited portion of a
specific mixture of gases under pressure, or any part of other energy
conversion sources, that generates radiant energy which can be seen.
Flash means a cycle of activation and deactivation of a lamp by
automatic means continuing until stopped either automatically or
manually.
Fully opened means the position of the headlamp concealment device
in which the headlamp is in the design open operating position.
H-V axis means the line from the center of the principal filament
of a lamp to the intersection of the horizontal (H) and vertical (V)
lines of a photometric test screen.
Haze means the cloudy or turbid appearance of an otherwise
transparent specimen caused by light scattered from within the specimen
or from its surface.
Headlamp means a lighting device providing an upper and/or a lower
beam used for providing illumination forward of the vehicle.
Headlamp concealment device means a device, with its operating
system and components, that provides concealment of the headlamp when
it is not in use, including a movable headlamp cover and a headlamp
that displaces for concealment purposes.
Headlamp mechanical axis means the line formed by the intersection
of a horizontal and a vertical plane through the light source parallel
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. If the mechanical axis of the
headlamp is not at the geometric center of the lens, then the location
will be indicated by the manufacturer on the headlamp.
Headlamp test fixture means a device designed to support a headlamp
or headlamp assembly in the test position specified in the laboratory
tests and whose mounting hardware and components are those necessary to
operate the headlamp as installed in a motor vehicle.
High-mounted stop lamp means a lamp mounted high and possibly
forward of the tail, stop, and rear turn signal lamps intended to give
a steady stop warning through intervening vehicles to operators of
following vehicles.
Identification lamps are lamps used in groups of three, in a
horizontal row, which show to the front or rear or both, having lamp
centers spaced not less than [6 in.] 15.2 mm. nor more than [12 in.]
30.4 mm. apart, mounted on the permanent structure as near as
practicable to the vertical centerline and the top of the vehicle to
identify certain types of vehicles.
Integral beam headlamp means a headlamp (other than a standardized
sealed beam headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S9 or a
replaceable bulb headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S11)
comprising an integral and indivisible optical assembly including lens,
reflector, and light source, except that a headlamp conforming to
paragraph S14.9 or paragraph S14.10 may have a lens designed to be
replaceable.
License plate lamp means a lamp used to illuminate the license
plate on the rear of a vehicle.
Lower beam means a beam intended to illuminate the road and its
environs ahead of the vehicle when meeting or closely following another
vehicle.
Mechanically aimable headlamp means a headlamp having three pads on
the lens, forming an aiming plane used for laboratory photometric
testing and for adjusting and inspecting the aim of the headlamp when
installed on the vehicle.
Material means the type and grade of plastics, composition, and
manufacturer's designation number and color.
Motor driven cycle means every motorcycle, including every motor
scooter, with a motor which produces not more than 5 horsepower, and
every bicycle with motor attached.
Motorcycle or motor driven cycle headlamp means a major lighting
device used to produce general illumination ahead of the vehicle.
Mounting ring means the adjustable ring upon which a sealed beam
unit is mounted.
Mounting ring (type F sealed beam) means the adjustable ring upon
which a sealed beam unit is mounted and which forces the sealed beam
unit to seat against the aiming ring when assembled into a sealed beam
assembly.
Multiple compartment lamp means a device which gives its indication
by two or more separately lighted areas which
[[Page 77464]]
are joined by one or more common parts, such as a housing or lens.
Multiple lamp arrangement means an array of two or more separate
lamps on each side of the vehicle which operate together to give a
signal.
Optically combined means a lamp having a single or two-filament
light source or two or more separate light sources that operate in
different ways, and has its optically functional lens area wholly or
partially common to two or more lamp functions.
Overall width means the nominal design dimension of the widest part
of the vehicle, exclusive of signal lamps, marker lamps, outside
rearview mirrors, flexible fender extensions, mud flaps, and outside
door handles determined with doors and windows closed, and the wheels
in the straight-ahead position. Running boards may also be excluded
from the determination of overall width if they do not extend beyond
the width as determined by the other items excluded by this definition.
Parking lamps are lamps on both the left and right of the vehicle
which show to the front and are intended to mark the vehicle when
parked or serve as a reserve front position indicating system in the
event of headlamp failure.
Protected means material used in inner lenses for optical devices
where such lenses are protected from exposure to the sun by an outer
lens made of materials meeting the requirements for exposed plastics.
Rated voltage means the nominal circuit or vehicle electrical
system voltage classification.
Reflex reflectors are devices used on vehicles to give an
indication to approaching drivers using reflected light from the lamps
of the approaching vehicle.
Remote reading indicator means a device that is not mounted in its
entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting
equipment, but otherwise meets the definition of a direct reading
indicator.
Replaceable bulb headlamp means a headlamp comprising a bonded lens
and reflector assembly and one or two headlamp replaceable light
sources, except that a headlamp conforming to paragraph S14.9 or
paragraph S14.10 may have a lens designed to be replaceable.
Replaceable light source means an assembly of a capsule, base, and
terminals manufactured as a light source for an upper and/or lower beam
of a replaceable bulb headlamp that is designed to conform to the
requirements of appendix A or appendix B of 49 CFR part 564,
Replaceable Light Source Information.
Retaining ring means the clamping ring that holds a sealed beam
unit against a mounting ring.
Retaining ring (type F sealed beam) means the clamping ring that
holds a sealed beam unit against a mounting ring, and that provides an
interface between the unit's aiming/seating pads and the headlamp aimer
adapter (locating plate).
School bus signal lamps are alternately flashing lamps mounted
horizontally both front and rear, intended to identify a vehicle as a
school bus and to inform other users of the highway that such vehicle
is stopped on the highway to take on or discharge school children.
Sealed beam headlamp means an integral and indivisible optical
assembly including the light source with ``SEALED BEAM'' molded in the
lens.
Sealed beam headlamp assembly means a major lighting assembly which
includes one or more sealed beam units used to provide general
illumination ahead of the vehicle.
Seasoning means the process of energizing the filament of a
headlamp at design voltage for a period of time equal to 1% of design
life, or other equivalent method.
Semiautomatic headlamp beam switching device is one which provides
either automatic or manual control of beam switching at the option of
the driver. When the control is automatic the headlamps switch from the
upper beam to the lower beam when illuminated by the headlamps on an
approaching vehicle and switch back to the upper beam when the road
ahead is dark. When the control is manual, the driver may obtain either
beam manually regardless of the conditions ahead of the vehicle.
Side marker lamps are lamps which show to the side of the vehicle,
mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle as near as
practicable to the front and rear edges to indicate the overall length
of the vehicle. Additional lamps may also be mounted at intermediate
locations on the sides of the vehicle.
Stop lamps are lamps giving a steady light to the rear of a vehicle
to indicate a vehicle is stopping or diminishing speed by braking.
Taillamps are steady burning low intensity lamps used to designate
the rear of a vehicle.
Test voltage means the specified voltage and tolerance to be used
when conducting a test.
Turn signal flasher means a device which causes a turn signal lamp
to flash as long as it is turned on.
Turn signal lamps are the signaling element of a turn signal system
which indicates the intention to turn or change direction by giving a
flashing light on the side toward which the turn will be made.
Turn signal operating unit means an operating unit that is part of
a turn signal system by which the operator of a vehicle causes the
signal units to function.
Upper beam means a beam intended primarily for distance
illumination and for use when not meeting or closely following other
vehicles.
Vehicle headlamp aiming device or VHAD means motor vehicle
equipment, installed either on a vehicle or headlamp, which is used for
determining the horizontal or vertical aim, or both the vertical and
horizontal aim of the headlamp.
Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher means a device which, as
long as it is turned on, causes all the required hazard warning lamps
to flash.
Vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit means a driver
controlled device which causes all turn signal lamps, or other hazard
warning lamps, to flash simultaneously to indicate to approaching
drivers the presence of a vehicular hazard.
Visually/optically aimable headlamp means a headlamp which is
designed to be visually/optically aimable in accordance with the
requirements of paragraph S14.10 of this standard.
S5 References to SAE publications.
S5.1 Each lamp, reflective device, and item of associated equipment
must be designed to conform to the requirements of applicable SAE
publications as referenced and subreferenced in this standard. The
words ``it is recommended that,'' ``recommendations,'' or ``should be''
appearing in any SAE publication referenced or subreferenced in this
standard must be read as setting forth mandatory requirements.
S5.2 A complete list of all SAE publications incorporated by
reference in this standard are indexed at 49 CFR 571.5(j).
S6 Vehicle requirements.
S6.1 Required lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment
by vehicle type.
S6.1.1 Quantity. Except as provided in succeeding paragraphs of
this standard, each vehicle must be equipped with not less than the
number of lamps, reflective devices, and items of associated equipment
specified for that vehicle type and size in Table I and Section 6.6,
conforming to the requirements of this standard. Multiple license plate
lamps and backup lamps
[[Page 77465]]
may be used to fulfill photometric requirements for those functions.
S6.1.1.1 Conspicuity systems. Each trailer of 2032 mm. or more in
overall width, and with a GVWR over 10,000 lbs., except a trailer
designed exclusively for living or office use, and each truck tractor
must be equipped with retroreflective sheeting, reflex reflectors, or a
combination of retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors as
specified in S7.12 and Table III.
S6.1.1.1.1 A trailer equipped with a conspicuity treatment in
conformance with S7.12 need not be equipped with the reflex reflectors
required by Table I if the conspicuity material is placed at the
locations of the reflex reflectors required by Table I.
S6.1.1.2 High-mounted stop lamps. Each multipurpose passenger
vehicle, truck, and bus required by this standard to be equipped with a
high-mounted stop lamp, whose vertical centerline, when the vehicle is
viewed from the rear, is not located on a fixed body panel but
separates one or two moveable body sections, such as doors, which lacks
sufficient space to install a single high-mounted stop lamp on the
centerline above such body sections, must have two high-mounted stop
lamps identical in size and shape. The two lamps must be located at the
same height, with one vertical edge of each lamp on the vertical edge
of the body section nearest the vehicle centerline.
S6.1.1.3 Truck tractor rear turn signal lamps. A truck tractor need
not be equipped with turn signal lamps mounted on the rear if the turn
signal lamps installed at or near the front are of double face
construction and are so located so that they meet the requirements for
double faced turn signal lamps specified in SAE J588e, Turn Signal
Lamps, September 1970.
S6.1.1.4 Hazard warning lamps. In all passenger cars, multipurpose
passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses, the activation of the vehicular
hazard warning signal operating unit must cause to flash simultaneously
sufficient turn signal lamps to meet, as a minimum, the turn signal
photometric requirements of this standard.
S6.1.2 Color. The color in all lamps and reflective devices must be
as specified in Table I. The color identified as amber is identical to
the color identified as yellow.
S6.1.3 Mounting location and height. Each lamp, reflective device,
and item of associated equipment must be securely mounted on a fixed
body panel of the vehicle, other than glazing, that is not designed to
be removed except for repair, within the height limits as specified in
Table I, and in a location where it complies with all applicable
photometric requirements, effective projected luminous lens area
requirements, and visibility requirements with all obstructions
considered. When multiple lamp arrangements or multiple compartment
rear turn signal lamps, stop lamps, or taillamps are used, with only a
portion of the compartments or lamps installed on a rigid part of the
vehicle, that portion must meet at least the photometric requirements
for the appropriate single compartment lamp.
S6.1.3.1 Mounting height. The mounting height of each lamp and
reflective device must be measured from the center of the item, as
mounted on the vehicle at curb weight, to the road surface.
S6.1.3.2 High-mounted stop lamp.
S6.1.3.2.1 A high-mounted stop lamp mounted below the rear window
must have no lens portion lower than 153 mm. [6 in.] below the lower
edge of the rear window on convertibles, or 77 mm. [3 in.] on other
passenger cars.
S6.1.3.2.2 A high-mounted stop lamp mounted inside the vehicle must
have means provided to minimize reflections from the light of the lamp
upon the rear window glazing that might be visible to the driver when
viewed directly, or indirectly in the rearview mirror.
S6.1.4 License plate lamp. The license plate lamp or lamps
installed on vehicles other than motorcycles and motor driven cycles
must be mounted so as to illuminate the license plate without
obstruction from any designed feature unless the lamp or lamps is (are)
designed to comply with all the photometric requirements with these
obstructions considered.
S6.1.5 Activation. Each lamp must be activated as specified, in the
combinations specified, and in response to the inputs specified in
Table I and Table II.
S6.1.5.1 Stop lamp activation. Each stop lamp may also be activated
when the vehicle is slowed by a device designed to retard the motion of
the vehicle.
S6.2 Impairment.
S6.2.1 No additional lamp, reflective device, or other motor
vehicle equipment is permitted to be installed that impairs the
effectiveness of lighting equipment required by this standard.
S6.2.2 If any required lamp or reflective device is obstructed by
motor vehicle equipment (e.g., mirrors, snow plows, wrecker booms,
backhoes, winches, etc.) including dealer installed equipment, and
cannot meet the applicable photometry and visibility requirements, the
vehicle must be equipped with an additional lamp or device of the same
type which meet all applicable requirements of this standard, including
photometry and visibility.
S6.2.3 Each auxiliary lamp that performs the function of a required
lamp must meet the color, maximum photometric intensity, and activation
requirements of the required lamp.
S6.2.4 Daytime running lamps. A passenger car, multipurpose
passenger vehicle, truck, or bus may be equipped with a pair of daytime
running lamps (DRL) as specified in Table I and S7.11 of this standard.
DRLs may be combined with any lamps required by this standard except
parking lamps and any lamps not required by this standard except fog
lamps.
S6.2.5 Auxiliary identification lamps. Each auxiliary
identification lamp must be located at least twice the distance from
any required identification lamp as the distance between two adjacent
required identification lamps.
S6.3 Equipment combinations. Two or more lamps, reflective devices,
or items of associated equipment may be combined if the requirements
for each lamp, reflective device, and item of associated equipment are
met with the following exceptions.
S6.3.1 No high-mounted stop lamp is permitted to be combined with
any other lamp or reflective device, other than with a cargo lamp.
S6.3.2 No high-mounted stop lamp is permitted to be combined
optically with any cargo lamp.
S6.3.3 No clearance lamp is permitted to be optically combined with
any taillamp.
S6.4 Visibility and aiming.
S6.4.1 Effective projected luminous lens area requirements. Each
turn signal lamp, stop lamp, high-mounted stop lamp, and school bus
signal lamp must meet the appropriate effective projected luminous lens
area requirement specified in Table IV.
S6.4.2 Visibility. Each backup lamp, single or combination of dual
high-mounted stop lamp(s), and school bus signal lamp must meet the
appropriate visibility requirement specified in Table V.
S6.4.3 Visibility options. A manufacturer must certify compliance
of each lamp to one of the following visibility requirement options,
and it may not thereafter choose a different option for that vehicle.
(a) Lens area option. When a vehicle is equipped with any lamp
listed in Table V, each such lamp must provide not less than 1250 sq.
mm. of unobstructed effective projected luminous lens area in any
direction
[[Page 77466]]
throughout the pattern defined by the corner points specified in Table
V for each such lamp; or
(b) Luminous intensity option. When a vehicle is equipped with any
lamp listed in Table V, each such lamp must provide a luminous
intensity of not less than that specified in Table V in any direction
throughout the pattern defined by the corner points specified in Table
V for each such lamp when measured in accordance with the photometry
test requirements of this standard.
S6.4.4 SAE visibility alternative. As an alternative to S6.4.3 ,
each passenger car and motorcycle, and each multipurpose passenger
vehicle, truck, trailer, and bus that is of less than 2032 mm. overall
width, that are manufactured on or before September 1, 2011, and each
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, trailer, and bus that is of 2032
mm. or more overall width, that are manufactured on or before September
1, 2014, must have each lamp located so that it meets the visibility
requirements specified in Table V.
S6.4.5 Low-mounted lamps. For signal lamps and reflective devices
mounted less than 750 mm. above the road surface, as measured to the
lamp axis of reference, the vertical test point angles located below
the horizontal plane subject to photometric and visibility requirements
of this standard may be reduced to 5[deg] down.
S6.4.6 School bus signal lamp aiming. Each school bus signal lamp
must be mounted on the vehicle with their aiming plane vertical and
normal to the vehicle longitudinal axis. Aim tolerance must be no more
than 5 in. vertically and 10 in. horizontally at 25 ft. from the lamp.
If the lamps are aimed or inspected by use of the SAE J602, Headlamp
Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam Headlamp Units
(August 1963), aimer the graduation settings for aim must be 2[deg] D
and 0[deg] sideways for aiming and the limits must be 3[deg] U to
7[deg] D and from 10[deg] R to 10[deg] L for inspection.
S6.5 Marking.
S6.5.1 DOT marking. The lens of each original equipment and
replacement headlamp, and of each original equipment and replacement
beam contributor, and each replacement headlamp lens for an integral
beam or replaceable bulb headlamp, must be marked with the symbol
``DOT'' either horizontally or vertically to indicate certification
under the standard.
S6.5.1.1 DOT marking requirements for conspicuity materials are
specified in S7.12 of this standard.
S6.5.1.2 Each original equipment or replacement lamp or reflective
device specified in Table I, except for a headlamp, or item of
associated equipment specified in Section 6.6 may be marked with the
symbol ``DOT'' which constitutes a certification that it conforms to
the requirements of this standard.
S6.5.2 DRL marking. Each original equipment and replacement lamp
used as a daytime running lamp (DRL), unless optically combined with a
headlamp, must be permanently marked ``DRL'' in letters not less than 3
mm. high.
S6.6 Associated equipment. All vehicles covered by this standard
(except trailers) must be equipped with a turn signal operating unit, a
turn signal flasher, a turn signal pilot indicator, a headlamp beam
switching device, and an upper beam headlamp indicator meeting the
requirements of this section and as specified in Table III. All
vehicles covered by this standard (except trailers and motorcycles)
must be equipped with a vehicular hazard warning operating unit, a
vehicular hazard warning signal flasher, and a vehicular hazard warning
signal pilot indicator meeting the requirements of this section and as
specified in Table III.
S6.6.1 License plate holder. Each license plate holder must be
designed and constructed to provide a substantial plane surface on
which to mount the plate. The plane of the license plate mounting
surface and the plane on which the vehicle stands must be perpendicular
within 15[deg].
S6.7 Replacement equipment.
S6.7.1 General requirements.
S6.7.1.1 Each replacement lamp, reflective device, or item of
associated equipment, including a combination lamp, must:
(a) Be designed to conform to meet all requirements specified in
this standard for that type of lamp, reflective device, or other item
of equipment (in the case of a combination lamp, it must meet these
requirements for each function); and
(b) Include all of the functions of the lamp, reflective device, or
item of associated equipment, including a combination lamp, it is
designed to replace or is capable of replacing (other than functions
not required by this standard).
S6.7.1.2 Each replacement lamp, reflective device, or item of
associated equipment, including a combination lamp, which is designed
or recommended for particular vehicle models must be designed so that
it does not to take the vehicle out of compliance with this standard
when the individual device is installed on the vehicle. Except as
provided in S6.7.1.3, the determination of whether a vehicle would be
taken out of compliance with this standard when an individual device is
installed on the vehicle is made without regard to whether additional
devices, including separate lamps or reflective devices sold together
with the device, would also be installed.
S6.7.1.3 In the case of a lamp or other device that is used on each
side of the vehicle in pairs, the determination (for purposes of
S6.7.1.2) of whether a vehicle would be taken out of compliance with
this standard when an individual device is installed on the vehicle is
made assuming that the other matched paired device would be installed
on the other side of the vehicle, whether or not the matched paired
devices are sold together. This provision does not limit the
responsibilities of manufacturers, distributors, dealers or motor
vehicle repair businesses under 49 U.S.C. 30122, Making safety devices
and elements inoperative.
S6.7.2 Version of this standard. The requirements of S6.7.1 must be
met, at the option of the manufacturer, using either the current
version of this standard or the standard in effect at the time of
manufacture of the original equipment being replaced.
S6.8 Physical tests.
S.6.8.1 Each lamp, reflective device, and item of conspicuity
treatment required or allowed by this standard must meet all applicable
physical test requirements specified in Table XXII. Each headlamp must
meet all applicable physical test requirements specified in Table
XXIII. Each item of associated equipment required by this standard must
meet all applicable physical test requirements specified in Table III.
S6.8.2 Samples for test. Samples submitted for laboratory test must
be new, unused, manufactured from production tooling and assembled by
production processes, and representative of the devices as regularly
manufactured and marketed. Each must include not only the device but
also accessory equipment necessary to operate in its intended manner.
Where necessary, a mounting bracket should be provided so that the
device may be rigidly bolted in its operating position on the various
test equipment. A mounting bracket with a sample headlamp installed
must not have a resonant frequency in the 10-55 Hz. range. Dust and
photometric tests may be made on a second set of mounted samples to
expedite completion of the tests. Color test samples for materials used
for reflex reflectors may be either the actual reflector or a disc of
the same material, technique of fabrication, and dye formulation as the
reflex reflector
[[Page 77467]]
having a thickness of twice the distance from the face of the reflector
lens to the apexes of the reflecting elements.
S6.8.3 Laboratory facilities. The laboratory must be equipped to
test the sample in accordance with the requirements of the specific
device.
S6.8.4 Plastic optical materials. All plastic materials used for
optical parts such as lenses and reflectors on lamps or reflective
devices required or allowed by this standard must conform to the
material test requirements of Table XXII.
S6.8.4.1 All coatings used on optical materials must have added to
their formulations an optical brightener, whose presence is detectable
by ultraviolet light, to aid in testing for their presence. Other
equivalent industry accepted methods may be used as an alternative.
S6.8.5 Photometric tests. Each lamp and reflective device required
or allowed by this standard must be designed to conform to the stated
photometric requirements.
S6.8.5.1 Photometry measurements for all lamps except license
lamps, headlamps, and DRLs. Photometry measurements are made with the
sample lamp mounted in its normal operating position. A school bus
signal lamp must be aimed with its aiming plane normal to the
photometer axis and may be reaimed for photometry by \1/2\
[deg] vertically and 1 [deg] horizontally. Photometric
measurements are made at a distance between the light source and the
point of measurement of at least 1.2 m. for sidemarker lamps, clearance
lamps, identification lamps, and parking lamps, and at least 3 m. for
all other lamps except license plate lamps and headlamps. When making
photometric measurements at specific test points, the luminous
intensity values between test points must not be less than the lower of
the specified value of the two closest adjacent test points, on a
horizontal or vertical line, for minimum values.
S6.8.5.1.1 Location of test points. Test point location must comply
with the following nomenclature: The line formed by the intersection of
a vertical plane through the light source of the lamp and normal to the
test screen is designated ``V''. The line formed by the intersection of
a horizontal plane through the light source and normal to the test
screen is designated ``H''. The point of intersection of these two
lines is designated ``H-V''. Other test points on the test screen are
measured in terms of angles from the H and V lines. Angles to the right
(R) and to the left (L) are regarded as being to the right and left of
the V line when the observer stands behind the lamp and looks in the
direction of its light beam when it is properly aimed for photometry.
Similarly, the upward angles designated as U and the downward angles
designated as D, refer to light directed at angles above and below the
H line, respectively.
S6.8.5.1.2 Multiple compartment and multiple lamp photometry. When
compartments of lamps or arrangements of multiple lamps are
photometered together, the H-V axis intersects the midpoint between the
optical axes. Luminous intensity measurements of multiple compartment
lamp or multiple lamp arrangements are made either by;
S6.8.5.1.2.1 Measuring all compartments together, provided that a
line from the optical axis of each compartment or lamp to the center of
the photometer sensing device does not make an angle more than 0.6
[deg] with the H-V axis, or
S6.8.5.1.2.2 Measuring each compartment or lamp separately by
aligning its optical axis with the photometer and adding the value at
each test point.
S6.8.5.1.2.3 Multiple compartment or multiple lamp arrangements
installed on multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, or
buses 2032 mm or more in overall width must use the method of
S6.8.5.1.2.2 only.
S6.8.5.2 Bulbs. Except for a lamp having a sealed-in bulb, a lamp
must meet the applicable requirements of this standard when tested with
a bulb whose filament is positioned within .010 in. of the
nominal design position specified in SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed
Units, December 1968, or specified by the bulb manufacturer and
operated at the bulb's rated mean spherical candela.
S6.8.5.2.1 Each lamp designed to use a type of bulb that has not
been assigned a mean spherical candela rating by its manufacturer and
is not listed in SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed Units, December 1968,
must meet the applicable requirements of this standard when used with
any bulb of the type specified by the lamp manufacturer, operated at
the bulb's design voltage. A lamp that contains a sealed-in bulb must
meet these requirements with the bulb operated at the bulb's design
voltage.
S6.8.5.3 License plate lamp photometry. Photometry compliance of
license plate lamps is determined by measurement of the illumination
falling upon test stations located on a test plate.
S6.8.5.3.1 Illumination surface. All illumination measurements are
made on a rectangular test plate of clean, white blotting paper mounted
on the license plate holder in the position normally taken by the
license plate. The face of the test plate must be 1.5mm from the face
of the license plate holder.
S6.8.5.3.2 Test stations. For lamps used on vehicles other than
motorcycles and motor driven cycles, the test stations must be located
on the face of the test plate as shown in Table XIII for those types of
lamps. For lamps used on motorcycles and motor driven cycles, the test
stations must be located on the face of the test plate as shown in
Table XIII for those types of lamps.
S6.8.5.4 Reflex reflector photometry. Each reflex reflector is
mounted for photometry with the center of the reflex area at the center
of goniometer rotation and at the same horizontal level as the source
of illumination. The source of illumination is a lamp with a 50mm.
effective diameter and with a filament operating at 2856 [deg]K. The
test distance is 30.5 m. [100ft.]. The observation point is located
directly above the source of illumination. The H-V axis of reflex
reflectors is taken as parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
for rear reflectors and perpendicular to a vertical plane passing
through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle for side reflectors. The
photodetector has an opening of not more than 13 mm. vertically and 25
mm. horizontally. Reflex reflectors may have any linear or area
dimensions but must have no more than 7740 mm. projected area contained
within a 254 mm. diameter circle exposed for photometry.
S6.8.5.4.1 Reflex reflector and retroreflective sheeting photometry
measurements. Photometric measurements of reflex reflectors and
retroreflective sheeting must be made at various observation and
entrance angles as shown in Table XVI. The observation angle is the
angle formed by a line from the observation point to the center of the
reflector and a second line from the center of the reflector to the
source of illumination. The entrance angle is the angle between the
axis of the reflex reflector and a line from the center of the
reflector to the source of illumination. The entrance angle is
designated left, right, up, and down in accordance with the position of
the source of illumination with respect to the axis of the reflex
reflector as viewed from behind the reflector. Measurements are made of
the luminous intensity which the reflex reflector is projecting toward
the observation point and the illumination on the reflex reflector from
the source of illumination. The required measurement at each test point
as shown in Table XVI is the quotient of the projected luminous
intensity divided by the illumination expressed as millicandela per lux
or candela per footcandle. The required measurement
[[Page 77468]]
for retroreflective sheeting is candela per lux per square meter of
area.
S6.8.5.4.1.1 Reflex reflector photometry measurement adjustments.
Reflex reflectors, which do not have a fixed rotational position on the
vehicle, are rotated about their axis through 360 [deg] to find the
minimum photometric value which must be reported for each test point.
If the output falls below the minimum requirement at any test point,
the reflector is rotated 5 [deg] about its axis from the
angle where the minimum output occurred, and the maximum value within
this angle is reported as a tolerance value. Reflex reflectors, which
by their design or construction, permit mounting on a vehicle in a
fixed rotational position, are tested in this position. A visual
locator, such as the word TOP is not considered adequate to establish a
fixed rotational position on the vehicle. If uncolored reflections from
the front surface interfere with photometric readings at any test
point, additional readings are taken 1 [deg] above, below, right, and
left of the test point, and the lowest of these readings and its
location is reported provided the minimum test point requirement for
the test point is met.
S6.8.5.5 Daytime running lamp (DRL) photometry measurements. Each
DRL is tested to the procedure of S6.8.5.6 when a test voltage of 12.8
v. 20 mv. is applied to the input terminals of the lamp
switch module or voltage-reducing equipment, whichever is closer to the
electrical source on the vehicle. The test distance from the lamp to
the photometer is not less than 18.3 m. if the lamp is optically
combined with a headlamp, or is a separate lamp, and not less than 3 m.
if the lamp is optically combined with a lamp, other than a headlamp,
that is required by this standard.
S6.8.5.6 Headlamp photometry measurements. Photometry measurements
at the appropriate test points are made with the sample headlamp
mounted in its normal operating position. Photometric measurements are
made at a distance between the light source and the photometer sensor
of at least 18.3 m.
S6.8.5.6.1 Seasoning and test voltage. All sealed beam headlamps,
integral beam headlamps, beam contributors, and replaceable light
sources are seasoned at design voltage for 1% of its average design
life or 10 hours, whichever is less, prior to a photometry test. A
headlamp is tested at 12.8 v. 20 mv. D.C. as measured at
the terminals of the lamp.
S6.8.5.6.2 Aiming. Each headlamp is aimed prior to a photometry
test in accordance with the procedure appropriate to its aiming system.
A \1/4\ [deg] reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point to
allow for variations in readings between laboratories for all headlamps
except a Type F upper beam unit not equipped with a VHAD.
(a) Mechanically aimable headlamps using an external aimer. The
headlamp is aimed mechanically with the aiming plane at the design
angle(s) to the photometer axis and the mechanical axis of the headlamp
on the photometer axis.
(b) Mechanically aimable headlamps equipped with a VHAD. The
headlamp is aimed mechanically using the VHAD in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions as provided with the vehicle on which the
headlamp is intended to be used.
(c) Visually aimable lower beam headlamps--vertical aim. A VOL
cutoff headlamp must have the location of the cutoff maximum gradient,
as determined by the method of this Standard, positioned at 0.4 [deg]
down from the H-H line. A VOR cutoff headlamp must have the location of
the cutoff maximum gradient, as determined by the method of this
Standard, positioned at the H-H axis.
(d) Visually aimable lower beam headlamps--horizontal aim. There
must be no adjustment of horizontal aim unless the headlamp is equipped
with a horizontal VHAD. If the headlamp has a VHAD, it must be set to
zero.
(e) Visually aimable upper beam headlamps--vertical aim. A headlamp
whose upper beam is combined with a lower beam must not have its
vertical aim changed from that set for the lower beam. A headlamp whose
upper beam is not combined with a lower beam must have its maximum beam
intensity positioned on the H-H axis.
(f) Visually aimable upper beam headlamps--horizontal aim. A
headlamp whose upper beam is combined with a lower beam must not have
its horizontal aim changed from that set for the lower beam. A headlamp
whose upper beam is not combined with a lower beam and has a fixed
horizontal aim or has a horizontal VHAD must be mounted in its normal
operating position on a goniometer such that the mounting fixture
alignment axes are coincident with the goniometer axes and must be
energized at 12.8 v. 20 mv. There must be no adjustment,
shimming, or modification of the horizontal axis of the headlamp or
test fixture, unless the headlamp is equipped with a VHAD, in which
case the VHAD must be adjusted to zero. A headlamp whose upper beam is
not combined with a lower beam and is not equipped with a horizontal
VHAD, the horizontal aim must be adjusted so that the maximum beam
intensity is positioned on the V-V axis.
(g) Simultaneous aim Type F sealed beam headlamps and beam
contributor integral beam headlamps. A headlamp system allowed to use
simultaneous aim of lower beams and upper beams must be aimed
mechanically for lower beam photometry by centering the lower beam unit
or the geometric center of all lower beam contributors on the
photometer axis and aligning the aiming plane, aiming reference plane,
or other appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer
perpendicular to the photometer axis. It must be aimed for upper beam
photometry by moving the assembly in a plane parallel to the
established lower beam aiming plane until the upper beam unit or the
geometric center of all upper beam contributors is centered in the
photometric axis.
(h) Moveable reflector aimed headlamps. A headlamp aimed by moving
the reflector relative to the lens and headlamp housing, or vice versa,
must conform to the photometrics applicable to it with the lens at any
specified position relative to the reflector. These positions include
not less than 2.5 [deg] from the nominal horizontal aim
position for the vehicle on which the headlamp is installed, and not
less than the full range of vertical pitch of the vehicle on which the
headlamp is installed.
(i) Motorcycle headlamp-upper beam headlamps designed to comply
with Table XX. The upper beam of a multiple beam headlamp designed to
comply with the requirements of Table XX must be aimed
photoelectrically so that the center of the zone of highest intensity
falls 0.4 [deg] vertically below the lamp axis and is centered
laterally. The center of the zone of highest intensity must be
established by the intersection of a horizontal plane passing through
the point of maximum intensity, and the vertical plane established by
balancing the photometric values at 3 [deg]L and 3 [deg]R.
(j) Motorcycle headlamp-lower beam headlamps designed to comply
with Table XX. The beam from a single beam headlamp designed to comply
with the requirements of Table XX must be aimed straight ahead with the
top of the beam aimed vertically to obtain 2000 cd at H-V.
S6.8.5.6.3 Positioner. The goniometer configuration, used to
position the sample headlamp when making photometric measurements at
specific angular test points, is horizontal rotation over elevation.
The vertical axis of the goniometer must correspond to the design
position vertical axis of the
[[Page 77469]]
sample headlamp which is vertical and perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle.
S6.8.5.6.4 Photometer. The photometer must be capable of measuring
the luminous intensity of the sample headlamp throughout its
illumination range. The maximum effective area of the photometric
sensor must fit within a circle whose diameter is equal to 0.009 times
the actual test distance from the light source of the sample headlamp
to the sensor. The sensor effective area is defined as the actual area
of intercepted light striking the detector surface of the photometer.
Sensor systems incorporating lens(es) that change the diameter of the
intercepted light beam before it reaches the actual detector surface,
the maximum size requirements must apply to the total area of the light
actually intercepted by the lens surface. The sensor must be capable of
intercepting all direct illumination from the largest illuminated
dimension of the sample lamp at the test distance. The color response
of the photometer must be corrected to that of the 1931 International
Commission on Illumination (C.I.E.) Standard Observer (2[deg]) Photopic
Response Curve.
S6.8.5.6.5 Location of test points. Test point positions are
defined by the positioner. The following nomenclature applies: The
letters ``V'' and ``H'' designate the vertical and horizontal planes
intersecting both the headlamp light source and the photometer axis.
``H)-V'' designates the zero test point angle at the intersection of
the H and V planes. This intersection is parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle. The letters ``U'', ``D'', ``L'', and ``R'',
indicating up, down, left and right respectively, designate the angular
position from the H and V planes to the photometer as viewed from the
headlamp. Horizontal angles designated L and R are defined as the plan
view angle between the vertical plane and the projection of the light
ray from the headlamp onto the horizontal plane. Vertical angles
designated U and D are defined as the true angle between the horizontal
plane and the light ray from the headlamp. Test points in the area from
10[deg] U to 90[deg] U must be measured from the normally exposed
surface of the lens face.
S6.8.5.6.6 Beam contributor photometry. In a headlighting system
where there is more than one beam contributor providing a lower beam,
and/or more than one beam contributor providing an upper beam, each
beam contributor must be designed to meet only the applicable
photometric performance requirements based upon the following
mathematical expression: conforming test point value=2 (test point
value)/total number of lower or upper beam contributors for the
vehicle, as appropriate.
S7 Signal lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment
requirements.
S7.1 Turn signal lamps.
S7.1.1 Front turn signal lamps.
S7.1.1.1 Photometry. Each front turn signal lamp, except for one
installed on a motorcycle, must be designed to conform to the base
photometry requirements of Table VI, when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.1., for the number of lamp compartments or
individual lamps and the type of vehicle it is installed on. A front
turn signal lamp installed on a motorcycle must be designed to conform
to \1/2\ the base photometry requirements otherwise specified in Table
VI.
S7.1.1.2 Spacing to other lamps. Each front turn signal lamp must
also be designed to comply to any additional photometry requirements
based on its installed spacing to other lamps as specified by this
section. Where more than one spacing relationship exists for a turn
signal lamp the requirement must be the one that specifies the highest
luminous intensity multiplier of Table VI.
S7.1.1.2.1 Spacing measurement for non-reflector lamps. For any
front turn signal lamp that does not employ a reflector to meet
photometric requirements, the spacing must be measured from the light
source of the turn signal lamp to the lighted edge of any low beam
headlamp, or any lamp such as an auxiliary low beam headlamp or fog
lamp used to supplement the low beam headlamp.
S7.1.1.2.2 Spacing measurement for lamps with reflectors. For any
front turn signal lamp which employs a reflector, such as a parabolic
reflector, to meet photometric requirements, the spacing must be
measured from the geometric centroid of the turn signal lamp functional
lighted area to the lighted edge of any low beam headlamp, or any lamp
such as an auxiliary low beam headlamp or fog lamp used to supplement
the low beam headlamp.
S7.1.1.2.3 Spacing based photometric multipliers. Where the spacing
measurement of S7.1.1.2.1 or S7.1.1.2.2 between a turn signal lamp and
the lighted edge of any lamp such as an auxiliary low beam headlamp or
fog lamp used to supplement the low beam headlamp is at least 75 mm.
but less than 100 mm. the photometric multiplier of Table VI must be
1.5.; where the spacing measurement is at least 60 mm. but less than 75
mm. the photometric multiplier must be 2.0.; where the spacing
measurement is less than 60 mm. the photometric multiplier must be 2.5.
Where the spacing measurement of S7.1.1.2.1 or S7.1.1.2.2 between a
turn signal lamp and the lighted edge of any lower beam headlamp is
less than 100 mm. the photometric multiplier must be 2.5.
S7.1.1.3 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps. A multiple
compartment lamp or multiple lamps may be used to meet the photometric
requirements of a front turn signal lamp. If a multiple compartment
lamp or multiple lamps are used on a passenger car or on a multipurpose
passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in
overall width, and the distance between adjacent light sources does not
exceed 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements and does not
exceed 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the
combination of the compartments or lamps must be used to meet the
photometric requirements for the corresponding number of lighted
sections specified in Table VI. If the distance between adjacent light
sources exceeds the previously stated dimensions, each compartment or
lamp must comply with the photometric requirements for one lighted
section specified in Table VI.
S7.1.1.3.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall
width. Multiple compartment front turn signal lamps installed on
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses 2032 mm. or more in
overall width must meet the photometric requirements specified for a
single section and not for individual compartments.
S7.1.1.3.2 Ratio to parking lamps and clearance lamps. When a
parking lamp, or a clearance lamp on a multipurpose passenger vehicle,
truck, trailer, or bus of 2032 mm. or more in overall width, is
combined with a turn signal lamp, the luminous intensity of the turn
signal lamp at each identified test point must not be less than the
luminous intensity of the parking lamp or clearance lamp at that same
test point times the multiplier shown for that test point in Table VI.
If a multiple compartment or multiple lamp arrangement is used on a
passenger car or on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or
trailer of less than 2032 mm. in overall width, and the distance
between the optical axes for both the parking lamp and turn signal lamp
is within 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements or 410 mm.
for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the ratio must be
computed with all compartments or lamps lighted. If a multiple
compartment or multiple lamp
[[Page 77470]]
arrangement is used and the distance between optical axes for one of
the functions exceeds 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements
or 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the ratio
must be computed for only those compartments or lamps where the parking
lamp and turn signal lamp are optically combined. Where the clearance
lamp is combined with the turn signal lamp, and the maximum luminous
intensity of the clearance lamp is located below horizontal and within
an area generated by a 1.0[deg] radius around a test point, the ratio
for the test point may be computed using the lowest value of the
clearance lamp luminous intensity within the generated area.
S7.1.2 Rear turn signal lamps.
S7.1.2.1 Photometry. Each rear turn signal lamp must be designed to
conform to the photometry requirements of Table VII, when tested
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the number of lamp
compartments or individual lamps, the type of vehicle it is installed
on, and the lamp color as specified by this section. A rear turn signal
lamp installed on a motorcycle must be designed to conform to \1/2\ the
photometry requirements otherwise specified in Table VII.
S7.1.2.2 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps. A multiple
compartment lamp or multiple lamps may be used to meet the photometric
requirements of a rear turn signal lamp. If a multiple compartment lamp
or multiple lamps are used on a passenger car or on a multipurpose
passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in
overall width, and the distance between adjacent light sources does not
exceed 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements and does not
exceed 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the
combination of the compartments or lamps must be used to meet the
photometric requirements for the corresponding number of lighted
sections specified in Table VII. If the distance between adjacent light
sources exceeds the previously stated dimensions, each compartment or
lamp must comply with the photometric requirements for one lighted
section specified in Table VII.
S7.1.2.2.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall
width. Multiple compartment rear turn signal lamps installed on
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses 2032 mm. or more in
overall width must meet the photometric requirements specified for a
single section and not for individual compartments.
S7.1.2.3 Ratio to taillamps and clearance lamps. When a taillamp,
or a clearance lamp on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck,
trailer, or bus of 2032 mm. or more in overall width, is combined with
a turn signal lamp, the luminous intensity of the turn signal lamp at
each identified test point must not be less than the luminous intensity
of the taillamp or clearance lamp at that same test point times the
multiplier shown for that test point in Table VII. If a multiple
compartment or multiple lamp arrangement is used on a passenger car or
on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less
than 2032 mm. in overall width, and the distance between the optical
axes for both the taillamp and turn signal lamp is within 560 mm. for
two compartment or lamp arrangements or 410 mm. for three compartments
or lamp arrangements, then the ratio must be computed with all
compartments or lamps lighted. If a multiple compartment or multiple
lamp arrangement is used and the distance between optical axes for one
of the functions exceeds 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp
arrangements or 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements,
then the ratio must be computed for only those compartments or lamps
where the taillamp and turn signal lamp are optically combined. Where
the taillamp or clearance lamp is combined with the turn signal lamp,
and the maximum luminous intensity of the taillamp or clearance lamp is
located below horizontal and within an area generated by a 0.5[deg]
radius around a test point for a taillamp on a passenger car or on a
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less than
2032 mm. in overall width, or by a 1.0[deg] radius around a test point
for a taillamp or clearance lamp on a vehicle 2032 mm. or more in
overall width, the ratio for the test point may be computed using the
lowest value of the taillamp or clearance lamp luminous intensity
within the generated area.
S7.1.3 Physical tests. Each turn signal lamp must be designed to
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic
optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.1.4 Combined lamp bulb indexing. Each turn signal lamp optically
combined with a taillamp, or a parking lamp or clearance lamp where
installed on a vehicle 2032 mm. or more in overall width, where a two-
filament bulb is used must have a bulb with an indexing base and a
socket designed so that bulbs with non-indexing bases cannot be used.
Removable sockets must have an indexing feature so that they cannot be
re-inserted into lamp housings in random positions, unless the lamp
will perform its intended function with random light source
orientation.
S7.2 Taillamps.
S7.2.1 Photometry. Each taillamp must be designed to conform to the
photometry requirements of Table VIII, when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the number of lamp compartments or
individual lamps and the type of vehicle it is installed on.
S7.2.1.1 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps. A multiple
compartment lamp or multiple lamps may be used to meet the photometric
requirements of a taillamp. If a multiple compartment lamp or multiple
lamps are used and the distance between the optical axes does not
exceed 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements and does not
exceed 410 mm. for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the
combination of the compartments or lamps must be used to meet the
photometric requirements for the corresponding number of lighted
sections specified in Table VIII. If the distance between optical axes
exceeds the previously stated dimensions, each compartment or lamp must
comply with the photometric requirements for one lighted section
specified in Table VII.
S7.2.1.1.1 Taillamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in
overall width. A maximum of two taillamps and/or two compartments per
side may be mounted closer together than 560 mm. providing that each
compartment and/or lamp meets the single lighted section photometric
requirements specified in Table VII. Each lamp and/or compartment
utilized in this manner must meet the single lighted section
requirements for all functions for which it is designed.
S7.2.2 Physical tests. Each taillamp must be designed to conform to
the performance requirements associated with the vibration test,
moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic
optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.3 Stop lamps.
S7.3.1 Photometry. Each stop lamp must be designed to conform to
the photometry requirements of Table IX, when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the number of lamp compartments or
individual lamps and the type of vehicle it is installed on.
S7.3.1.1 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps. A multiple
compartment lamp or multiple lamps may be used to meet the photometric
[[Page 77471]]
requirements of a stop lamp. If a multiple compartment lamp or multiple
lamps are used on a passenger car or on a multipurpose passenger
vehicle, truck, bus, or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in overall width,
and the distance between adjacent light sources does not exceed 560 mm.
for two compartment or lamp arrangements and does not exceed 410 mm.
for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the combination of
the compartments or lamps must be used to meet the photometric
requirements for the corresponding number of lighted sections specified
in Table IX. If the distance between adjacent light sources exceeds the
previously stated dimensions, each compartment or lamp must comply with
the photometric requirements for one lighted section specified in Table
IX.
S7.3.1.1.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall
width. Multiple compartment stop lamps installed on multipurpose
passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses 2032 mm. or more in overall width
must meet the photometric requirements specified for a single section
and not for individual compartments.
S7.3.1.2 Ratio to taillamps. When a taillamp is combined with a
stop lamp, the luminous intensity of the stop lamp at each identified
test point must not be less than the luminous intensity of the taillamp
at that same test point times the multiplier shown for that test point
in Table IX. If a multiple compartment or multiple lamp arrangement is
used on a passenger car or on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck,
bus, or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in overall width, and the
distance between the optical axes for both the taillamp and stop lamp
is within 560 mm. for two compartment or lamp arrangements or 410 mm.
for three compartments or lamp arrangements, then the ratio must be
computed with all compartments or lamps lighted. If a multiple
compartment or multiple lamp arrangement is used and the distance
between optical axes for one of the functions exceeds 560 mm. for two
compartment or lamp arrangements or 410 mm. for three compartments or
lamp arrangements, then the ratio must be computed for only those
compartments or lamps where the taillamp and stop lamp are optically
combined. Where the taillamp is combined with the stop lamp, and the
maximum luminous intensity is located below horizontal and within an
area generated by a 0.5[deg] radius around a test point for a taillamp
on a passenger car or on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, bus,
or trailer of less than 2032 mm. in overall width, or by a 1.0[deg]
radius around a test point for a taillamp on a vehicle 2032 mm. or more
in overall width, the ratio for the test point may be computed using
the lowest value of the taillamp luminous intensity within the
generated area.
S7.3.2 Physical tests. Each stop lamp must be designed to conform
to the performance requirements associated with the vibration test,
moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic
optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.3.3 Combined lamp bulb indexing. Each stop lamp optically
combined with a taillamp where a two-filament bulb is used must have a
bulb with an indexing base and a socket designed so that bulbs with
non-indexing bases cannot be used. Removable sockets must have an
indexing feature so that they cannot be re-inserted into lamp housings
in random positions, unless the lamp will perform its intended function
with random light source orientation.
S7.4 Side marker lamps.
S7.4.1 Photometry. Each side marker lamp must be designed to
conform to the photometry requirements of Table X, when tested
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the lamp color as specified
by this section.
S7.4.1.1 Inboard photometry. For each motor vehicle less than 30
feet in overall length and less than 2032 mm. in overall width, the
minimum photometric intensity requirements for a side marker lamp may
be met for all inboard test points at a distance of 15 feet from the
vehicle and on a vertical plane that is perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle and located midway between the front
and rear side marker lamps.
S7.4.2 Physical tests. Each side marker lamp must be designed to
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic
optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.5 Clearance and identification lamps.
S7.5.1 Photometry. Each clearance or identification lamp must be
designed to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XI, for the
applicable lamp color, when tested according to the procedure of
S6.8.5.1.
S7.5.2 Physical tests. Each clearance or identification lamp must
be designed to conform to the performance requirements associated with
the vibration test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color
test, and plastic optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.6 Backup lamps.
S7.6.1 Photometry. Each backup lamp must be designed to conform to
the photometry requirements of Table XII, when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.1, as specified by this section.
S7.6.2 Color. A backup lamp may project incidental red, yellow, or
white light through reflectors or lenses that are adjacent, close to,
or a part of the lamp assembly.
S7.6.3 Physical tests. Each backup lamp must be designed to conform
to the performance requirements associated with the vibration test,
moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic
optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.7 License plate lamps.
S7.7.1 Installation.
Each license plate lamp installed on a vehicle other than a
motorcycle or motor driven cycle must be of such size and design as to
provide illumination on all parts of a 150 mm. by 300 mm. test plate.
Each license plate lamp installed on a motorcycle or motor driven cycle
must be of such size and design as to provide illumination on all parts
of a 100 mm. by 175 mm. test plate. The light rays must reach all
portions of an imaginary plate of the same size at least 25 mm. ahead
of the actual plate measured perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
S7.7.1.1 Incident light from single lamp. When a single lamp is
used to illuminate the license plate, the lamp and license plate holder
must bear such relation to each other that at no point on the plate
must the incident light make an angle of less than 8[deg] to the plane
of the plate, this angle being measured from the edge of the light
emitting surface of the lamp farthest from the surface of the plate.
S7.7.1.2 Incident light from multiple lamps. When two or more lamps
are used to illuminate the license plate, the minimum 8[deg] incident
light angle must apply only to that portion of the plate which the
particular lamp is designed to illuminate. The angle must be measured
in the same manner as S7.7.1.1.
S7.7.2 Photometry requirements. Each license plate lamp must be
designed to conform to the photometry requirements of this section when
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.3. An illumination value of
no less than 8 lx [0.75 fc.] must be met at each test station target
location shown in Table XIII. The ratio of the average of the two
highest illumination values divided by the average of the two lowest
illumination values must not exceed 20:1 for vehicles other than
motorcycles and motor driven cycles. The ratio of the highest
illumination value divided by the average of the two lowest
illumination values must not exceed 15:1 for motorcycles and motor
driven cycles.
[[Page 77472]]
S7.7.3 Physical tests. Each license plate lamp must be designed to
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic
optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.8 Parking lamps.
S7.8.1 Photometry. Each parking lamp must be designed to conform to
the photometry requirements of Table XIV, when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.1, as specified by this section.
S7.8.2 Physical tests. Each parking lamp must be designed to
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic
optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.9 High-mounted stop lamps.
S7.9.1 Accessibility. Each high-mounted stop lamp must provide
access for convenient replacement of bulbs without special tools.
S7.9.2 Interior mounting. When any high-mounted stop lamp is
mounted inside the vehicle, means must be provided to minimize
reflections from the light of the lamp upon the rear window glazing
that might be visible to the driver when viewed directly, or indirectly
in the rearview mirror.
S7.9.3 Photometry. Each high-mounted stop lamp must be designed to
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XV, when tested
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.1, as specified by this section.
S7.9.4 Physical tests. Each high-mounted stop lamp must be designed
to conform to the performance requirements associated with the
vibration test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test,
and plastic optical material test of Table XXII, except that any high-
mounted stop lamp mounted inside the vehicle is not required to meet
the requirements of the moisture test, dust test, and corrosion test.
S7.10 Reflex reflectors.
S7.10.1 Photometry. Each reflex reflector must be designed to
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVI when tested
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.4.1. for the lamp color as
specified by this section.
S7.10.1.1 Alternative side reflex reflector. Reflective material
conforming to Federal Specification L-S-300, Sheeting and Tape,
Reflective; Non-exposed Lens, Adhesive Backing (September 7, 1965), may
be used for side reflex reflectors if this material as used on the
vehicle, meets the performance requirements of Table XVI.
S7.10.2 Physical tests. Each reflex reflector must be designed to
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, color test, and plastic
optical material test of Table XXII.
S7.11 Daytime running lamps (DRLs).
S7.11.1 Photometry. Each DRL must have a luminous intensity not
less than 500 cd. at test point H-V, nor more than 3,000 cd. at any
location in the beam when tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.5
as specified by this section, unless it is:
(a) A lower beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL at full
voltage, or a voltage lower than used to operate it as a lower beam; or
(b) An upper beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL, whose
luminous intensity at test point H-V is not more than 7,000 cd., and
whose mounting height is not higher than 864 mm.
S7.11.2 Spacing to turn signal lamps.
S7.11.2.1 Each DRL optically combined with a turn signal lamp must
be automatically deactivated as a DRL when the turn signal lamp or
hazard warning lamp is activated, and automatically reactivated as a
DRL when the turn signal lamp or hazard warning lamp is deactivated.
S7.11.2.2 Each DRL not optically combined with a turn signal lamp
must be located on the vehicle so that the distance from its lighted
edge to the optical center of the nearest turn signal lamp is not less
than 100 mm. unless:
(a) The luminous intensity of the DRL is not more than 2,600 cd. at
any location in the beam and the turn signal lamp meets 2.5 times the
base front turn signal photometric requirements: or,
(b) The DRL is optically combined with a lower beam headlamp and
the turn signal lamp meets 2.5 times the base front turn signal
photometric requirements: or,
(c) The DRL is deactivated when the turn signal or hazard warning
signal lamp is activated.
S7.11.3 Physical tests. Each DRL must be designed to conform to the
performance requirements associated with the color test and plastic
optical material test requirements of Table XXII.
S7.12 Conspicuity systems. The requirement for conspicuity systems
may be met with retroreflective sheeting, conspicuity reflex
reflectors, or a combination of retroreflective sheeting and
conspicuity reflex reflectors.
S7.12.1 Retroreflective sheeting. Retroreflective sheeting must
consist of a smooth, flat, transparent exterior film with
retroreflective elements embedded or suspended beneath the film so as
to form a non-exposed retroreflective optical system. Retroreflective
sheeting must meet the requirements, except photometry, of ASTM D 4956-
90, Standard for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control, for Type
V Sheeting. Sheeting of Grade DOT-C2 of no less than 50 mm. wide, Grade
DOT-C3 of no less than 75 mm. wide, or Grade DOT-C4 of no less than 100
mm. wide may be used.
S7.12.1.1 Certification marking. The letters DOT-C2, DOT-C3, or
DOT-C4, as appropriate, constituting a certification that the
retroflective sheeting conforms to the requirements of this standard,
must appear at least once on the exposed surface of each white or red
segment of retroreflective sheeting, and at least once every 300 mm. on
retroreflective sheeting that is white only. The characters must be not
less than 3 mm. high, and must be permanently stamped, etched, molded,
or printed in indelible ink.
S7.12.1.2 Photometry. Each retroreflective sheeting must be
designed to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVI when
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.4.1 for the color and grade
as specified by this section.
S7.12.2 Conspicuity reflex reflectors.
S7.12.2.1 Certification marking. The exposed surface of each reflex
reflector must be marked with the letters DOT-C which constitutes a
certification that the reflector conforms to the requirements of this
standard. The certification must be not less than 3 mm. high, and must
be permanently stamped, etched, molded, or printed in indelible ink.
S7.12.2.2 Photometry. Each red conspicuity reflex reflector must be
designed to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVI for a
red reflex reflector and for a red conspicuity reflex reflector when
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.4.1 as specified by this
section. Each white conspicuity reflex reflector installed in only a
horizontal orientation must be designed to conform to the photometry
requirements of Table XVI for a white reflex reflector and for a white
horizontal conspicuity reflex reflector when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.4.1 as specified by this section. Each white
conspicuity reflex reflector installed in a vertical orientation must
be designed to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVI for
a white reflex reflector, for a white horizontal conspicuity reflex
reflector, and a white vertical conspicuity reflex reflector when
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.4.1 as specified by this
section.
S7.13 School bus signal lamps.
[[Page 77473]]
S7.13.1 Photometry. Each school bus signal lamp must be designed to
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVII, when tested
according to the procedure of S6.8.5.1, for the lamp color as specified
by this section.
S7.13.2 Physical test requirements. Each school bus signal lamp
must be designed to conform to the performance requirements associated
with the vibration test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test,
color test, and plastic optical material test requirements of Table
XXII.
S7.14 Associated equipment.
S7.14.1 Turn signal operating unit. The turn signal operating unit
is that part of the turn signal system by which the operator of a
vehicle causes the turn signal lamps to function. The turn signal
operating unit installed on passenger cars, multipurpose passenger
vehicles, trucks, and buses less than 2032 mm. in overall width must be
self-canceling by steering wheel rotation and capable of cancellation
by a manually operated control.
S7.14.2 Turn signal flasher. The turn signal flasher is that part
of the turn signal system which causes the turn signal lamps to flash
as long as it is energized. The means of producing the turn signal
pilot indicator signal may be incorporated in the flasher. A means of
producing an audible signal may be incorporated in the flasher.
S7.14.3 Turn signal pilot indicator. Each vehicle equipped with a
turn signal operating unit must also have an illuminated pilot
indicator to provide a clear and unmistakable indication that the turn
signal system is activated. The indicator must consist of one or more
lights flashing at the same frequency as the turn signal lamps. The
indicator must function satisfactorily under all test conditions
imposed on the turn signal flasher in Table III.
S7.14.3.1 Indicator size and color. If the indicator is located
inside the vehicle, it should emit a green light and have a minimum
area of 18 sq. mm. If the indicator is located outside of the vehicle
it should emit a yellow light and have a minimum area of 60 sq. mm. The
minimum required illuminated area of the indicator must be visible
according to the procedures described in SAE J1050, Describing and
Measuring the Driver's Field of View, with the steering wheel turned to
a straight ahead driving position and in the design location for an
adjustable wheel and column.
S7.14.3.2 Turn signal lamp failure. Failure of one or more turn
signal lamps such that the minimum photometric performance specified in
Tables VI or VII is not being met must be indicated by the turn signal
pilot indicator, except when a variable-load turn signal flasher is
used on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus 2032 mm. or
more in overall width, on a truck that is capable of accommodating a
slide in camper, or on any vehicle equipped to tow trailers.
S7.14.4 Headlamp beam switching device. Each vehicle must have a
means of switching between lower and upper beams designed and located
so that it may be operated conveniently by a simple movement of the
driver's hand or foot. The switch should have no dead point and, except
as provided by S8.2, the lower and upper beams must not be energized
simultaneously except momentarily for temporary signaling purposes or
during switching between beams.
S7.14.4.1 Semi-automatic headlamp beam switching device. As an
alternative to S7.14.4. a vehicle may be equipped with a semi-automatic
means of switching between lower and upper beams as specified by this
standard and as specified in Table III.
S7.14.4.1.1 Operating instructions. Each semi-automatic headlamp
switching device must include operating instructions to permit a driver
to operate the device correctly including; how to turn the automatic
control on and off, how to adjust the provided sensitivity control, and
any other specific instructions applicable to the particular device.
S7.14.4.1.2 Manual override. The device must include a means
convenient to the driver for switching to the opposite beam from the
one provided.
S7.14.4.1.3 Fail-safe operation. A failure of the automatic control
portion of the device must not result in the loss of manual operation
of both upper and lower beams.
S7.14.4.1.4 Automatic dimming indicator. There must be a convenient
means of informing the driver when the device is controlling the
headlamps automatically.
S7.14.4.1.5 Lens accessibility. The device lens must be accessible
for cleaning when the device is installed on a vehicle.
S7.14.4.1.6 Mounting height. The center of the device lens must be
mounted no less than 24 in. above the road surface.
S7.14.5 Upper beam headlamp indicator. Each vehicle must have a
means for indicating to the driver when the upper beams of the
headlighting system are on.
S7.14.5.1 Indicator size, location, and color. The upper beam
headlamp indicator must have a minimum area equivalent to that of a 3/
16 in. diameter circle, and be plainly visible to drivers of all
heights under normal driving conditions when headlamps are required.
The indicator color need not be red.
S7.14.6 Vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit. The
vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit is a driver-controlled
device which causes turn signal lamps to flash simultaneously to
indicate to approaching drivers the presence of a vehicular hazard. The
unit may be an independent device or it may be combined with the turn
signal operating unit. If combined with the turn signal operating unit,
the actuating motion of the hazard function must differ from the
actuating motion of the turn signal function.
S7.14.6.1 Operating unit switch. The unit must operate
independently of the ignition or equivalent switch. If the actuation of
the hazard function requires the operation of more than one switch, a
means must be provided for actuating all switches simultaneously by a
single driver action.
S7.14.7 Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher. The vehicular
hazard warning signal flasher is the device which causes the turn
signal lamps designated as hazard warning lamps to simultaneously flash
as long as it is energized. The means of producing the hazard warning
signal pilot indicator signal may be incorporated in the flasher. A
means of producing an audible signal may be incorporated in the
flasher.
S7.14.8 Vehicular hazard warning signal pilot indicator. In
vehicles equipped with right hand and left hand turn signal pilot
indicators, both pilot indicators and/or a separate pilot indicator
must flash simultaneously while the vehicle hazard warning signal
operating unit is turned on. In vehicles equipped with a single turn
signal pilot indicator, a separate vehicular hazard warning signal
pilot indicator must flash and the turn signal pilot indicator may
flash while the vehicle hazard warning signal operating unit is turned
on. The indicator must function satisfactorily under all test
conditions imposed on the hazard warning signal flasher in Table III.
S7.14.8.1 Indicator size and color. If a separate vehicular hazard
warning pilot indicator is used, it must emit a red color and have a
minimum area equivalent to a 0.5 in. diameter circle.
S8 Headlighting system requirements.
S8.1 Headlighting systems. Each passenger car, multipurpose
passenger vehicle, truck and bus must be equipped with a headlighting
system conforming to the requirements of Table II and this
[[Page 77474]]
standard. Each motorcycle must be equipped with a headlighting system
conforming to S13 of this standard or one half of any headlighting
system of Table II which provides both a full upper beam and full lower
beam.
S8.1.1 Headlighting system type. The headlighting system installed
on any vehicle covered by this section must be of the two lamp type or
the four lamp type.
S8.1.2 Headlamp category. The headlighting system installed on any
vehicle covered by this section must be of one of the categories listed
in Table II.
S8.1.3 Vertical headlamp arrangement. Where multiple headlamps with
single light sources are installed in a vertical orientation the lower
beam must be provided by the uppermost headlamp. Where headlamps with
two vertically oriented light sources are installed the lower beam must
be provided by the uppermost light source or by all light sources.
Where more than one lamp must be used for a motorcycle headlighting
system, the lamps must be mounted vertically, with the lower beam as
high as practicable.
S8.1.4 Horizontal headlamp arrangement. Where multiple headlamps
with single light sources are installed in a horizontal orientation the
lower beam must be provided by the most outboard headlamp. Where
headlamps with two horizontally oriented light sources are installed
the lower beam must be provided by the outboard light source or by all
light sources.
S8.1.5 Headlamp adjustments. The axis of the light beams must be
adjustable to the left, right, up, or down from the designed setting,
the amount of adjustability to be determined by practical operating
conditions and the type of equipment. The adjustments must be
conveniently made by one person with tools ordinarily available. When
the headlamps are secured, the aim will not be disturbed under ordinary
conditions of service.
S8.2 Simultaneous beam activation. On any vehicle covered by this
section where the headlighting system is designed to conform to the
photometric requirements of UB1 of Table XVIII and LB1M or LB1V of
Table XIX, the lamps marked ``L'' or ``LF'' may remain permanently
activated when the lamps marked ``U'' or ``UF'' are activated. On any
vehicle covered by this section where an integral beam headlighting
system is designed to conform to the photometric requirements of UB1 of
Table XVIII and LB5M or LB4V of Table XIX, the lower beam headlamps
must remain permanently activated when the upper beam headlamps are
activated. On any vehicle covered by this section where the
headlighting system is designed to conform to the photometric
requirements of UB2 of Table XVIII and LB2M or LB2V of Table XIX, a
lower beam light source may remain permanently activated when an upper
beam light source is activated if the lower beam light source
contributes to the upper beam compliance of the headlighting system.
S9 Sealed beam headlamp requirements. All sealed beam headlamps
must be of a type designated in Table II-a. Each sealed beam headlamp
must conform to the dimensions and electrical specifications furnished
with respect to it pursuant to Appendix C of part 564 of this chapter
and Table II-a of this standard. The dimensions applicable to the
design of a specific type are those identified with an ``I'' for
interchangeability shown on the applicable drawing(s) filed in Docket
No. NHTSA 98-3397.
S9.1 Installation. A sealed beam headlighting system must consist
of the correct number of designated headlamp units shown for the
specific system in Table II-a. The units must have their beams
activated as shown in Table II-a.
S9.2 Simultaneous aim. Type F sealed beam headlamps may be mounted
on common or parallel seating and aiming planes to permit simultaneous
aiming of both headlamps provided that there must be no provision for
adjustment between the common or parallel aiming and seating planes of
the two lamps, and when tested with any conforming Type UF and LF
headlamps in accordance with S6.8.5.6 the assembly (consisting of the
Type UF and LF headlamps, mounting rings, the aiming/seating rings, and
aim adjustment mechanism) must be designed to conform to the
appropriate photometric requirements.
S9.3 Photometry. Each sealed beam headlamp must be designed to
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVIII for upper beam
and Table XIX for lower beam as specified in Table II for the specific
headlamp unit and aiming method, when tested according to the procedure
of S6.8.5.6.
S9.4 Physical tests. Each sealed beam headlamp must be designed to
conform to the performance requirements associated with Table XXIII and
the performance requirements associated with the color test and the
plastic optical materials test, if applicable, of Table XXII.
S10 Integral beam headlamp requirements. All integral beam
headlamps must be of a type designated in Table II-c.
S10.1 Installation. An integral beam headlighting system must
consist of the correct number of designated headlamp units shown for
the specific system in Table II-c. The units must have their beams
mechanized as shown in Table II-c. A system must provide in total not
more than two upper beams and two lower beams.
S10.2 Aimability. An integral beam headlighting system must be
aimable in accordance with the requirements of S14. A system that
incorporates any headlamp or beam contributor that does not have a VHAD
as an integral and indivisible part of the headlamp or beam contributor
must be designed so that the appropriate photometric requirements are
met when any correctly aimed and photometrically conforming headlamp or
beam contributor is removed from its mounting and aiming mechanism, and
is replaced without reaim by any conforming headlamp or beam
contributor of the same type.
S10.3 Simultaneous aim. An integral beam headlighting system
consisting of four individual headlamps or beam contributors may have
the headlamp units mounted in an assembly to permit simultaneous aiming
of the beam(s) contributors, providing that with any complying
contributor the assembly complete with all lamps meets the appropriate
photometric requirements when tested in accordance with S6.8.5.6.
S10.4 Markings. An integral beam headlamp with a single light
source providing lower beam must have its lens permanently marked with
``L''. An integral beam headlamp with a single light source providing
upper beam must have its lens permanently marked with ``U''.
S10.5 Additional light sources. An integral beam headlamp may
incorporate replaceable light sources that are used for purposes other
than headlighting.
S10.6 Photometry. Each integral beam headlamp must be designed to
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVIII for upper beam
and Table XIX for lower beam as specified in Table II for the specific
headlamp unit and aiming method, when tested according to the procedure
of S6.8.5.6.
S10.7 Physical tests. Each integral beam headlamp must be designed
to conform to the performance requirements associated with Table XXIII
and the performance requirements associated with the color test and the
plastic optical materials test, if applicable, of Table XXII.
[[Page 77475]]
S11 Replaceable bulb headlamp requirements. All replaceable bulb
headlamps must be of a type designated in Table II-d.
S11.1 Installation. A replaceable bulb headlighting system must
consist of the correct number of designated headlamp units shown for
the specific system in Table II-d. The units must have their beams
activated as shown in Table II-d. A system must provide in total not
more than two upper beams and two lower beams and must incorporate not
more than two replaceable light sources in each headlamp.
S11.2 Aiming restrictions. Each replaceable bulb headlamp
conforming to the external mechanical aim requirements of S14.8 must
have no mechanism that allows adjustment of an individual light source,
or if there are two light sources, independent adjustments of each
reflector.
S11.3 Additional light sources. A replaceable bulb headlamp may
incorporate replaceable light sources that are used for purposes other
than headlighting.
S11.4 Replacement equipment. Each lens reflector unit manufactured
as replacement equipment must conform to applicable photometry
requirements when any replaceable light source appropriate for such
unit is inserted in it.
S11.5 Markings. A replaceable bulb headlamp in a four headlamp
system providing lower beam must have its lens permanently marked with
``L''. A replaceable bulb headlamp in a four headlamp system providing
upper beam must have its lens permanently marked with ``U''.
S11.6 Photometry. Each replaceable bulb headlamp must be designed
to conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVIII for upper beam
and Table XIX for lower beam as specified in Table II-d for the
specific headlamp unit and aiming method, when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.6 using any replaceable light source intended for
use in the system under test.
S11.7 Physical tests. Each replaceable bulb headlamp must be
designed to conform to the performance requirements associated with
Table XXIII and the performance requirements associated with the color
test and the plastic optical materials test, if applicable, of Table
XXII.
S12 Combination headlamps. All combination headlamps must be of a
type designated in Table II-b.
S12.1 Installation. A combination headlighting system must consist
of the number of designated headlamp units shown for the specific
system in Table II-b. The units must have their beams mechanized as
shown in Table II-b. A system must provide in total not more than two
upper beams and two lower beams. When installed on a motor vehicle, the
headlamps (or parts thereof) that provide the lower beam must be of the
same type, and provide a symmetrical effective projected luminous lens
area when illuminated.
S12.2 Photometry. Each combination headlamp must be designed to
conform to the photometry requirements of Table XVIII for upper beam
and Table XIX for lower beam as specified in Table II-b for the
specific headlamp unit and aiming method, when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.6.
S12.3 Physical tests. The component headlamps of any combination
headlamp must be designed to conform to the performance requirements
associated with Table XXIII and the performance requirements associated
with the color test and the plastic optical materials test, if
applicable, of Table XXII.
S13 Motorcycle headlamp requirements. A motorcycle headlighting
system may consist of:
(a) One half of any headlighting system of Table II which provides
both a full upper beam and full lower beam, and conforms to the
requirements for that headlamp type. Where more than one lamp must be
used, the lamps shall be mounted vertically, with the lower beam as
high as practicable, or
(b) A headlighting system conforming to the requirements of this
section.
S13.1 Installation. The headlamp system installed on a motorcycle
must be located on the front.
S13.1.1 Single headlamp. If the system consists of a single
headlamp, it must be mounted on the vertical centerline of the
motorcycle. If the headlamp contains more than one light source, each
light source must be mounted on the vertical centerline with the upper
beam no higher than the lower beam, or horizontally disposed about the
vertical centerline and mounted at the same height. If the light
sources are horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline, the
distance between the closest edges of the effective projected luminous
lens area in front of the light sources must not be greater than 200
mm.
S13.1.2 Two headlamps with both beams. If the system consists of
two headlamps, each of which provides both an upper and lower beam, the
headlamps must be mounted either at the same height and symmetrically
disposed about the vertical centerline or mounted on the vertical
centerline. If the headlamps are horizontally disposed about the
vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of their
effective projected luminous lens areas must not be greater than 200
mm.
S13.1.3 Two headlamps, upper beam and lower beam. If the system
consists of two headlamps, one of which provides an upper beam and one
of which provides the lower beam, the headlamps must be located on the
vertical centerline with the upper beam no higher than the lower beam,
or horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline and mounted at
the same height. If the headlamps are horizontally disposed about the
vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of their
effective projected luminous lens areas must not be greater than 200
mm.
S13.2 Photometry. Each motorcycle headlamp that is not one half of
a headlighting system listed in Table II, must be designed to conform
to the photometry requirements of Table XX when tested according to the
procedure of S6.8.5.6.
S13.3 Physical tests. Each motorcycle headlamp that is not one half
of a headlighting system listed in Table II, must be designed to
conform to the performance requirements associated with the vibration
test, moisture test, dust test, corrosion test, out of focus test,
color test, and plastic optical material test requirements of Table
XXII.
S13.4 Motorcycle replaceable bulb headlamp marking. Each
replaceable bulb headlamp conforming to requirements for motorcycle use
and that is equipped with a light source other than a replaceable light
source meeting the requirements of S15, must have the word `motorcycle'
permanently marked on the lens in characters not less than 3 mm in
height.
S13.5 Motorcycle headlamp modulation system. A headlamp on a
motorcycle may be activated to modulate either the upper beam or the
lower beam from its maximum intensity to a lesser intensity, provided
that;
S13.5.1. Modulation.
(a) The rate of modulation must be 240 40 cycles per
minute.
(b) The headlamp must be operated at maximum power for 50 to 70
percent of each cycle.
(c) The lowest intensity at any test point must be not less than 17
percent of the maximum intensity measured at the same point.
(d) The modulator switch must be wired in the power lead of the
beam filament being modulated and not in the ground side of the
circuit.
(e) Means must be provided so that both the lower beam and upper
beam remain operable in the event of a modulator failure.
[[Page 77476]]
(f) The system must include a sensor mounted with the axis of its
sensing element perpendicular to a horizontal plane. Headlamp
modulation must cease whenever the level of light emitted by a tungsten
filament light operating at 3000[deg] Kelvin is either less than 270
lux of direct light for upward pointing sensors or less than 60 lux of
reflected light for downward pointing sensors. The light is measured by
a silicon cell type light meter that is located at the sensor and
pointing in the same direction as the sensor. A Kodak Gray Card (Kodak
R-27) is placed at ground level to simulate the road surface in testing
downward pointing sensors.
(g) When tested in accordance with the test profile shown in Figure
9, the voltage drop across the modulator when the lamp is on at all
test conditions for 12 volt systems and 6 volt systems must not be
greater than 0.45 volt. The modulator must meet all the provisions of
the standard after completion of the test profile shown in Figure 9.
(h) Means must be provided so that both the lower and upper beam
function at design voltage when the headlamp control switch is in
either the lower or upper beam position when the modulator is off.
S13.5.2 Replacement modulators. Each motorcycle headlamp modulator
not intended as original equipment, or its container, must be labeled
with the maximum wattage, and the minimum wattage appropriate for its
use.
S13.5.2.1 Replacement performance. Each modulator, not intended as
original equipment, must comply with S13.5.1 (a) through (g) when
connected to a headlamp of the maximum rated power and a headlamp of
the minimum rated power, and must provide means so that the modulated
beam functions at design voltage when the modulator is off.
S13.5.2.2 Replacement instructions. Instructions, with a diagram,
must be provided for mounting the light sensor, including location on
the motorcycle, distance above the road surface, and orientation with
respect to the light.
S14 Headlamp aimability performance requirements.
S14.1 Headlamp mounting and aiming. Except as provided in this
paragraph, each headlamp must be installed on a motor vehicle with a
mounting and aiming mechanism that allows aim inspection and adjustment
of both vertical and horizontal aim, and is accessible for those
purposes without removal of any vehicle parts, except for protective
covers removable without the use of tools.
S14.2 Headlamp obstructions. When activated in a steady burning
state, headlamps must not have any styling ornament or other feature,
such as a translucent cover or grill, in front of the lens. Headlamp
wipers may be used in front of the lens provided that the headlamp
system is designed to conform with all applicable photometric
requirements with the wiper stopped in any position in front of the
lens.
S14.3. Headlamp aiming systems. When a headlamp system is installed
on a motor vehicle, it must be aimable with at least one of the
following: an externally applied aiming device, as specified in S14.8;
an on-vehicle headlamp aiming device installed by the vehicle or lamp
manufacturer, as specified in S14.9; or by visual/optical means, as
specified in S14.10.
S14.4 Aim adjustment interaction. When installed on the vehicle,
adjustment of one aim axis through its full on-vehicle range must not
cause the aim of the other axis to deviate more than 0.76[deg]. If the performance specified is not achievable, the
requirements of S14.4.1 apply, except that if the aiming mechanism is
not a VHAD, the requirements specific to VHADs are not applicable, and
the instruction must be specific to the aiming mechanism installed.
S14.4.1 Should the mechanism not meet the requirements above, a
cautionary label must be placed adjacent to the mechanism stating the
caution and including either the reason for the caution or the
corrective action necessary. Each such label must also refer the reader
to the vehicle operator's manual for complete instructions. Each such
vehicle must be equipped with an operator's manual containing the
complete instructions appropriate for the mechanism installed.
S14.5 Horizontal adjustment-visually aimed headlamp. A visually/
optically aimable headlamp that has a lower beam must not have a
horizontal adjustment mechanism unless such mechanism meets the
requirements of this standard for a VHAD.
S14.6 Optical axis marking.
S14.6.1 Optical axis marking-vehicle. Each motor vehicle must be
equipped with headlamps or beam contributors which have a mark or
markings that are visible from the front of the headlamp when installed
on the vehicle to identify the optical axis of the headlamp to assure
proper horizontal and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or
optical aiming equipment. The manufacturer is free to choose the design
of the mark or markings. The mark or markings may be on the interior or
exterior of the lens or indicated by a mark or central structure on the
interior or exterior of the headlamp.
S14.6.2 Optical axis marking-lamp. Each headlamp or beam
contributor that is not visually/optically aimable in accordance with
S14.10 of this standard must be equipped with fiducial marks, aiming
pads, or similar references of sufficient detail and accuracy, for
determination of an appropriate vehicle plane to be used with the
photometric procedures of S6.8.5.6 for correct alignment with the
photometer axis when being tested for photometric compliance, and to
serve for the aiming reference when the headlamp or beam contributor is
installed on a motor vehicle. The fiducial marks, aiming pads, or
similar references are protrusions, bubble vials, holes, indentations,
ridges, scribed lines, or other readily identifiable marks established
and described by the vehicle or headlamp manufacturer.
S14.6.3 Optical axis marking-visual aim headlamp. There must be a
mark or markings identifying the optical axis of the headlamp visible
from the front of the headlamp when installed on the vehicle, to assure
proper horizontal and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or
optical aiming equipment with the headlamp being aimed. The
manufacturer is free to choose the design of the mark or markings. The
mark or markings may be on the interior or exterior of the lens or
indicated by a mark or central structure on the interior or exterior of
the headlamp.
S14.7 Moveable reflectors. Each headlamp aimed by moving the
reflector relative to the lens and headlamp housing, or vice versa,
must conform with the photometric requirements applicable to it when
tested according to the procedure of S6.8.5.6 with the lens at any
position relative to the reflector within the full range of vertical
pitch on the vehicle on which the headlamp system is installed and a
horizontal range of 2.5[deg]. Additionally, it must comply
with the aiming adjustment requirements of Table XXIII.
S14.8 External aiming. Each headlamp system that is capable of
being mechanically aimed by externally applied headlamp aiming devices
must be mechanically aimable using the equipment specified in SAE J602,
Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam Headlamp
Units, October 1980, without the removal of any ornamental trim rings,
covers, wipers, or other vehicle parts.
S14.8.1 Headlamp aiming device locating plates. Each headlamp
system which is designed to use the Headlamp Aiming Device Locating
Plates with
[[Page 77477]]
adjustable legs for the 100x165 mm unit and the 142x200 mm unit, and
which has adjustable length legs, must meet the following requirements.
S14.8.1.1 The lens must have three aiming pads which meet the
requirements of Figure 4, Dimensional Specifications for Location of
Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Units. The aiming pads need
not be centered at the geometric center of the lens, or on the optical
axis. Except as provided in S14.8.1.2, a whole number, which represents
the distance in tenths of an inch (i.e. 0.3 inch=3) from the aiming
reference plane to the respective aiming pads which are not in contact
with that plane, must be inscribed adjacent to each respective aiming
pad on the lens. The height of these numbers must be not less than .157
inch (4 mm). If there is interference between the plane and the area of
the lens between the aiming pads, the whole number represents the
distance to a secondary plane. The secondary plane must be located
parallel to the aiming reference plane and as close to the lens as
possible without causing interference.
S14.8.1.2 If the most forward aiming pad is the lower inboard
aiming pad, then the dimensions may be placed anywhere on the lens. The
dimension for the outboard aiming pad (Dimension F in Figure 4) must be
followed by the letter ``H'' and the dimension for the center aiming
pad must be followed by the letter ``V.'' The dimensions must be
expressed in tenths of an inch, in the manner described in S14.8.1.1.
S14.8.2 Nonadjustable headlamp aiming device locating plates. Each
headlamp may be designed to use the nonadjustable Headlamp Aiming
Device Locating Plate for the 100x165 mm. unit, the 142x200 mm. unit,
the 146 mm. diameter unit, or the 178 mm. diameter unit of SAE J602, or
the 92x150 mm. Type F unit, and incorporate lens-mounted aiming pads as
specified for those units in Figures a, b, c, d, or e of this standard.
If so designed, no additional lens marking is necessary to designate
the type of plate or dimensions.
S14.9 On-vehicle aiming. Each headlamp system that is capable of
being aimed by equipment installed on the vehicle must include a
Vehicle Headlamp Aiming Device (VHAD) that conforms to the following
requirements:
S14.9.1 Aim. The VHAD must provide for headlamp aim inspection and
adjustment in both the vertical and horizontal axes.
S14.9.1.1 Vertical aim. The VHAD must include the necessary
references and scales relative to the horizontal plane to assure
correct vertical aim for photometry and aiming purposes. An off-vehicle
measurement of the angle of the plane of the ground is permitted. In
addition, an equal number of graduations from the ``O'' position
representing angular changes in the axis in the upward and downward
directions must be provided.
S14.9.1.1.1 Each graduation must represent a change in the vertical
position of the mechanical axis not larger than 0.19[deg] (1 in. at 25
ft.) to provide for variations in aim at least 1.2[deg] above and below
the horizontal, and have an accuracy relative to the zero mark of less
than 0.1[deg].
S14.9.1.1.2 The VHAD must be marked to indicate headlamp aim
movement in the upward and downward directions.
S14.9.1.1.3 Each graduation must indicate a linear movement of the
scale indicator of not less than 0.05 in. (1.27 mm) if a direct reading
analog indicator is used. If a remote reading indicator is provided, it
must represent the actual aim movement in a clear, understandable
format.
S14.9.1.1.4 The vertical indicator must perform through a minimum
range of 1.2[deg].
S14.9.1.1.5 Means must be provided in the VHAD for compensating for
deviations in floor slope less than 1.2[deg] from the horizontal that
would affect the correct positioning of the headlamp for vertical aim.
S14.9.1.1.6 The graduations must be legible under an illumination
level not greater than 30 foot candles, measured at the top of the
graduation, by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen), and must
permit aim adjustment to within 0.19[deg] (1 in. at 25 ft.).
S14.9.1.2 Horizontal aim. The VHAD must include references and
scales relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle necessary to
assure correct horizontal aim for photometry and aiming purposes. An
``O'' mark must be used to indicate alignment of the headlamps relative
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In addition, an equal number
of graduations from the ``O'' position representing equal angular
changes in the axis relative to the vehicle axis must be provided.
S14.9.1.2.1 Each graduation must represent a change in the
horizontal position of the mechanical axis not greater than 0.38[deg]
(2 in. at 25 ft.) to provide for variations in aim at least 0.76[deg]
(4 in. at 25 ft.) to the left and right of the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle, and must have an accuracy relative to the zero mark of less
than 0.1[deg].
S14.9.1.2.2 The VHAD must be marked to indicate headlamp aim
movement in the left and right directions.
S14.9.1.2.3 The graduations must be legible under an illumination
level not greater than 30 foot candles, measured at the top of the
graduation, by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen), and must
permit aim adjustment to within 0.38[deg] (2 in. at 25 ft.).
S14.9.1.2.4 The horizontal indicator must perform through a minimum
range of 0.76[deg] (4 in. at 25 ft.); however, the
indicator itself must be capable of recalibration over a movement of
2.5[deg] relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
to accommodate any adjustment necessary for recalibrating the indicator
after vehicle repair from accident damage.
S14.9.2 Aiming instructions.
S14.9.2.1 The instructions for properly aiming the headlighting
system using the VHAD must be provided on a label permanently affixed
to the vehicle adjacent to the VHAD, or in the vehicle operator's
manual. The instructions must advise that the headlighting system is
properly aimed if the appropriate vertical plane (as defined by the
vehicle manufacturer) is perpendicular to both the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle, and a horizontal plane when the vehicle is on a horizontal
surface, and the VHAD is set at ``0'' vertical and ``0'' horizontal.
S14.9.2.2 Should a remote indicator or a remote indicator and
adjuster be provided, the instructions must be placed in the operator's
manual, and may also be placed on a label adjacent to the VHAD.
S14.9.3 Permanent calibration. Each headlamp equipped with a VHAD
must be manufactured with its calibration permanently fixed by its
manufacturer. Calibration in this case means the process of accurately
aligning the geometry of the VHAD devices with the beam pattern for the
purposes of compliance with the standard.
S14.9.4 Replacement units. When tested according to the procedure
of S6.8.5.6. with any replacement headlamp unit(s) or light sources
intended for use in the system under test, the VHAD and headlamp system
must be designed to conform to the photometric performance requirements
appropriate for the system under test.
S14.9.5 Physical tests. Each VHAD must comply with all applicable
performance requirements of Table XXIII.
S14.10 Visual/optical aiming. Each visually/optically aimable
headlamp must be designed to conform to the following requirements:
S14.10.1 Vertical aim, lower beam. Each lower beam headlamp must
have
[[Page 77478]]
a cutoff in the beam pattern. It may be either on the left side or the
right side of the optical axis, but once chosen for a particular
headlamp system's design, the side chosen for the cutoff must not be
changed for any headlamps intended to be used as replacements for those
system's headlamps.
S14.10.1.1 Vertical position of the cutoff. The headlamp must be
aimed vertically so that the cutoff is on the left side, at 0.4[deg]
down from the H-H line, or on the right side, at the H-H line.
S14.10.1.2 Vertical gradient. The gradient of the cutoff measured
at either 2.5[deg] L or 2.0[deg] R must be not less than 0.13 based on
the procedure of S14.10.1.5.
S14.10.1.3 Horizontal position of the cutoff. The width must be not
less than 2[deg], with not less than 2[deg] of its actual width
centered at either 2.5[deg] L, or 2.0[deg] R.
S14.10.1.4 Maximum inclination of the cutoff. The vertical location
of the highest gradient at the ends of the minimum width must be within
0.2[deg] of the vertical location of the maximum gradient
measured at the appropriate vertical line (at either 2.5[deg] L for a
left side cutoff, or 2.0[deg] R for a right side cutoff).
S14.10.1.5 Measuring the cutoff parameter.
S14.10.1.5.1 The headlamp is mounted on a fixture which simulates
its actual design location on any vehicle for which the headlamp is
intended. The fixture, with the headlamp installed, is attached to the
goniometer table in such a way that the fixture alignment axes are
coincident with the goniometer axes. The headlamp is energized at the
specified test voltage. The cutoff parameter must be measured at a
distance of 10 m. from a photosensor with a 10 mm. diameter.
S14.10.1.5.2 The headlamp beam pattern is aimed with the cutoff at
the H-H axis. There is no adjustment, shimming, or modification of the
horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture, unless the headlamp is
equipped with a VHAD. In this case the VHAD is adjusted to zero.
S14.10.1.5.3 A vertical scan of the beam pattern is conducted for a
headlamp with a left side gradient by aligning the goniometer on a
vertical line at 2.5[deg] L and scanning from 1.5[deg] U to 1.5[deg] D.
For a headlamp with a right side gradient, a vertical scan of the beam
pattern is conducted by aligning the goniometer on a vertical line at
2.0[deg] R and scanning from 1.5[deg] U to 1.5[deg] D.
S14.10.1.5.4 Determine the maximum gradient within the range of the
scan by using the formula: G = log E(a)-logE(a+0.1), where ``G'' is the
gradient, ``E'' is illumination and ``a'' is vertical angular position.
The maximum value of the gradient ``G'' determines the vertical angular
location of the cutoff. Perform vertical scans at 1.0[deg] L and R of
the measurement point of the maximum gradient to determine the
inclination.
S14.10.2 Horizontal aim, lower beam. There is no adjustment of
horizontal aim unless the headlamp is equipped with a horizontal VHAD.
If the headlamp has a VHAD, it is set to zero.
S14.10.3 Vertical aim, upper beam.
S14.10.3.1 If the upper beam is combined in a headlamp with a lower
beam, the vertical aim of the upper beam is not changed from the aim
set using the procedures of S14.10.1. and S14.10.2 used for the lower
beam.
S14.10.3.2 If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a
lower beam, the vertical aim of the upper beam is adjusted so that the
maximum beam intensity is located on the H-H axis.
S14.10.4 Horizontal aim, upper beam.
S14.10.4.1 If the upper beam is combined in a headlamp with a lower
beam, the horizontal aim of the upper beam is not changed from the aim
set using the procedures of S14.10.1 and S14.10.2 used for the lower
beam.
S14.10.4.2 If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with the
lower beam and has fixed horizontal aim or has a horizontal VHAD, then
the headlamp is mounted on a fixture which simulates its actual design
location on any vehicle for which the headlamp is intended. The
fixture, with the headlamp installed, is attached to the goniometer
table in such a way that the fixture alignment axes are coincident with
the goniometer axes. The headlamp must be energized at 12.8 0.20 mV. There is no adjustment, shimming, or modification of
the horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture, unless the
headlamp is equipped with a VHAD. In this case, the VHAD is adjusted to
zero.
S14.10.4.3. If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a
lower beam, and it does not have a VHAD, the horizontal aim of the
upper beam is adjusted so that the maximium beam intensity is located
on the V-V axis.
S14.10.5 Photometric measurements. A visually/optically aimable
headlamp must be designed to conform to the lower beam requirements of
columns LB1V, LB2V, LB3V, or LB4V of Table XIX when tested according to
the procedure of S6.8.5.6.
S14.10.6 Visual/optical identification marking. Each letter used in
marking according to this paragraph must be not less than 3 mm. high.
S14.10.6.1 The lens of a lower beam headlamp must be marked ``VOL''
if the headlamp is intended to be visually/optically aimed using the
left side of the lower beam pattern. The lens of a lower beam headlamp
must be marked ``VOR'' if the headlamp is intended to be visually/
optically aimed using the right side of the lower beam pattern. The
lens of a headlamp that is solely an upper beam headlamp and intended
to be visually/optically aimed using the upper beam must be marked
``VO''.
S14.10.6.2 The lens of each sealed beam or integral beam headlamp
must be marked ``VOR'' if the headlamp is of a type that was
manufactured before May 1, 1997, and if such headlamp type has been
redesigned since then to be visually/optically aimable.
S15 Replaceable light sources. Each replaceable light source must
be designed to conform to the dimensions and electrical specifications
furnished with respect to it pursuant to part 564 of this chapter, and
must conform to the following requirements:
S15.1 Markings. If other than an HB Type, the light source must be
marked with the bulb marking designation specified for it in compliance
with Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter. The base of
each HB Type must be marked with its HB Type designation. Each
replaceable light source must also be marked with the symbol DOT and
with a name or trademark in accordance with S17.1.
S15.2 Power and flux measurement. The measurement of maximum power
and luminous flux that is submitted in compliance with Appendix A or
Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter is made in accordance with this
paragraph. The filament or discharge arc is seasoned before measurement
of either. Measurement is made with the direct current test voltage
regulated within one quarter of one percent. The test voltage is 12.8v.
The measurement of luminous flux is made in accordance with the
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, LM-45, IES Approved
Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service
Incandescent Filament Lamps (April 1980); is made with the black cap
installed on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5, and on any
other replaceable light source so designed; and is made with the
electrical conductor and light source base shrouded with an opaque
white cover, except for the portion normally located within the
interior of the lamp housing. The measurement of luminous flux for the
Types HB3 and HB4 is made with the base covered with a white cover as
shown in the drawings for Types HB3
[[Page 77479]]
and HB4 filed in Docket No. NHTSA 98-3397. (The white cover is used to
eliminate the likelihood of incorrect lumen measurement that will occur
should the reflectance of the light source base and electrical
connector be low).
S15.3 Power and flux measurement. The measurement of maximum power
and luminous flux that is submitted in compliance with section VII of
Appendix A of part 564 of this chapter, or section IV of Appendix B of
part 564 of this chapter, is made with the direct current test voltage
regulated within one quarter of one percent. The test voltage is 12.8v.
The measurement of luminous flux is made in accordance with the
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, LM 45; IES Approved
Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service
Incandescent Filament Lamps (April 1980). The filament of a replaceable
light source is seasoned before such measurement. The white covers are
used to eliminate the likelihood of incorrect lumen measurement that
will occur should the reflectance of the light source base and
electrical connector be low.
S15.3.1 For a light source with a resistive element type filament,
seasoning of the light source is made in accordance with this standard.
The measurement of luminous flux is made with the black cap installed
on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5 light sources, and on any
other replaceable light source so designed, and must be made with the
electrical conductor and light source base shrouded with an opaque
white colored cover, except for the portion normally located within the
interior of the lamp housing. The measurement of luminous flux for Type
HB3 and Type HB4 must be made with the base covered with the white
cover shown in the drawings for Types HB3 and HB4 filed in Docket No.
NHTSA 98-3397.
S15.3.2 For a light source using excited gas mixtures as a filament
or discharge arc, seasoning of the light source system, including any
ballast required for its operation, is made in accordance with section
4.0 of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93, Discharge Forward Lighting
Systems. With the test voltage applied to the ballast input terminals,
the measurement of luminous flux is made with the black cap installed,
if so designed, and is made with an opaque white colored cover, except
for the portion normally located within the interior of the lamp
housing.
S15.4 Ballast markings. If a ballast is required for operation,
each ballast must bear the following permanent markings:
(a) Name or logo of ballast manufacturer;
(b) Ballast part number or unique identification;
(c) Part number or other unique identification of the light source
for which the ballast is designed;
(d) Rated laboratory life of the light source/ballast combination,
if the information for the light source has been filed in Appendix B of
part 564 of this chapter;
(e) A warning that ballast output voltage presents the potential
for severe electrical shock that could lead to permanent injury or
death;
(f) Ballast output power in watts and output voltage in rms volts
AC or DC; and
(g) The symbol 'DOT'.''
S15.5 Gas discharge laboratory life. For light sources that use
excited gas mixtures as a filament or discharge arc, the `` rated
laboratory life'' is determined in accordance with sections 4.3 and 4.9
of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93, Forward Discharge Lighting
Systems.
S15.6 Physical tests. Each replaceable light source must comply
with the performance requirements associated with the deflection test
and pressure test of Table XXIII.
S16 Headlamp concealment device requirements.
S16.1 While the headlamp is illuminated, its fully opened headlamp
concealment device must remain fully opened should any loss of power to
or within the headlamp concealment device occur.
S16.2 Whenever any malfunction occurs in a component that controls
or conducts power for the actuation of the concealment device, each
closed headlamp concealment device must be capable of being fully
opened by a means not requiring the use of any tools. Thereafter, the
headlamp concealment device must remain fully opened until
intentionally closed.
S16.3 Except for malfunctions covered by S16.2, each headlamp
concealment device must be capable of being fully opened and the
headlamps illuminated by actuation of a single switch, lever, or
similar mechanism, including a mechanism that is automatically actuated
by a change in ambient light conditions.
S16.4 Each headlamp concealment device must be installed so that
the headlamp may be mounted, aimed, and adjusted without removing any
component of the device, other than components of the headlamp
assembly.
S16.5 Except for cases of malfunction covered by S16.2, each
headlamp concealment device must, within an ambient temperature range
of -20[deg] F to +120[deg] F, be capable of being fully opened in not
more than 3 seconds after the actuation of a driver-operated control.
S16.6 As an alternative to complying with the requirements of S16.1
through S16.5, a vehicle with headlamps incorporating VHAD or visual/
optical aiming in accordance with this standard may meet the
requirements for Concealable lamps in paragraph 5.14 of the following
version of the Economic Commission for Europe Regulation 48 ``Uniform
Provisions Concerning the Approval of Vehicles With Regard to the
Installation of Lighting and Light-Signalling Devices'': E/ECE/324-E/
ECE/ TRANS/505, Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/Corr.2, 26 February 1996 (page 17),
in the English language version. A copy of paragraph 5.14 may be
reviewed at the DOT Docket Management Facility, U.S. Department of
Transportation, Room PL-01, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC
20590-0001. Copies of E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505, Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/
Corr.2, 26 February 1996 may be obtained from the ECE Internet site:
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs.html or by writing to:
United Nations, Conference Services Division, Distribution and Sales
Section, Office C.115-1, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10,
Switzerland.
S16.7 Certification election. Manufacturers of vehicles with
headlamps incorporating VHAD or visual/optical aiming must elect to
certify to S16.1 through S16.5 or to S16.6 prior to, or at the time of
certification of the vehicle, pursuant to 49 CFR part 567. The
selection is irrevocable.
S17 Headlamp marking requirements.
S17.1 Trademark. The lens of each original and replacement
equipment headlamp, and of each original and replacement equipment beam
contributor must be marked with the name and/or trademark registered
with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office of the manufacturer of such
headlamp or beam contributor, of its importer, or any manufacturer of a
vehicle equipped with such headlamp or beam contributor. Nothing in
this standard authorizes the marking of any such name and/or trademark
by one who is not the owner, unless the owner has consented to it.
S17.2 Voltage and trade number. Each original and replacement
equipment headlamp, and each original and replacement equipment beam
contributor must be marked with its
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voltage and with its part or trade number.
S17.3 Sealed beam headlamp markings. Each sealed beam headlamp lens
must be molded with ``SEALED BEAM'' and the appropriate designation
code as shown in Table II in characters no less than 6.35 mm in size.
The face of any character molded on the surface of the lens must not be
raised more than 0.5 mm above the lens surface. Type 1C1, 2C1, and 2D1
headlamps must have no raised markings on the outside surface of the
lens between the diameters of 40 mm and 90 mm about the lens center.
Type 1A1, 2A1, 2B1, and 2E1 headlamps must have no raised markings on
the outside surface of the lens within a diameter of 70 mm about the
lens center. Type LF, UF, 1G1, 2G1, and 2H1 headlamps must have no
raised markings on the outside surface of the lens within a diameter of
35 mm about the lens center. A Type 1C1 headlamp may be marked ``1''
rather than ``1C1''. A Type 2C1 headlamp may be marked ``2'' rather
than ``2C1''. A Type 2D1 headlamp may be marked ``TOP'' or ``2'' rather
than ``2D1''.
S17.4 Replaceable bulb headlamp markings. The lens of each
replaceable bulb headlamp must bear permanent marking in front of each
replaceable light source with which it is equipped that states either:
The HB Type (if the light source conforms to S15 of this standard for
filament light sources); or the bulb marking/designation provided in
compliance with Section VIII of Appendix A of part 564 (if the light
source conforms to S15 of this standard for discharge light sources).
S17.5 Additional headlamp markings. Additional marking requirements
for headlamps are found in S6.5, S10.4, S11.5, S13.4, S14.6, S14.8, and
S14.10 of this standard.
S18 Replaceable headlamp lens requirements. A replacement lens for
a replaceable bulb headlamp or integral beam headlamp that is not
required to have a bonded lens must be provided with a replacement seal
in a package that includes instructions for the removal and replacement
of the lens, the cleaning of the reflector, and the sealing of the
replacement lens to the reflector assembly. Each replacement headlamp
lens, when installed according to the lens manufacturer's instructions
on an integral beam or replaceable bulb headlamp, must not cause the
headlamp to fail to comply with any of the requirements of this
standard. Each replacement headlamp lens must be marked with the symbol
``DOT'' either horizontally or vertically, to constitute certification.
Each replacement headlamp lens must also be marked with manufacturer
and the part or trade number of the headlamp for which it is intended,
and with the name and/or trademark of the lens manufacturer or importer
that is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Nothing
in this standard authorizes the marking of any such name and/or
trademark by one who is not the owner, unless the owner has consented
to it.
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BILLING CODE 4910-59-C
Appendix to Sec. 571.108: Table Of Contents
571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and associated
equipment.
S1 Scope.
S2 Purpose.
S3 Application.
S4 Definitions.
S5 References to SAE publications.
S6 Vehicle requirements.
S6.1 Required lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment by
vehicle type.
S6.1.1 Quantity.
S6.1.1.1 Conspicuity systems.
S6.1.1.2 High-mounted stop lamps.
S6.1.1.3 Truck tractor rear turn signal lamps.
S6.1.1.4 Hazard warning lamps.
S6.1.2 Color.
S6.1.3 Mounting location and height.
S6.1.3.1 Mounting height.
S6.1.3.2 High-mounted stop lamp.
S6.1.4 License plate lamp.
S6.1.5 Activation.
S6.1.5.1 Stop lamp activation.
S6.2 Impairment.
S6.2.4 Daytime running lamps.
S6.2.5 Auxiliary identification lamps.
S6.3 Equipment combinations.
S6.4 Visibility and aiming.
S6.4.1 Effective projected luminous lens area.
S6.4.2 Visibility.
S6.4.3 Visibility options.
S6.4.4 SAE visibility alternative.
S6.4.5 Low-mounted lamps.
S6.4.6 School bus signal lamp aiming.
S6.5 Marking.
S6.5.1 DOT marking.
S6.5.2 DRL marking.
S6.6 Associated equipment.
S6.6.1 License plate holder.
S6.7 Replacement equipment.
S6.7.1 Design to conform.
S6.8 Physical tests.
S6.8.2 Samples for test.
S6.8.3 Laboratory facilities.
S6.8.4 Plastic optical materials.
S6.8.5 Photometric testing.
S6.8.5.1 Photometry measurements for all lamps except license lamps,
headlamps, and DRLs.
S6.8.5.1.1 Location of test points.
S6.8.5.1.2 Multiple compartment and multiple lamp photometry.
S6.8.5.2 Bulbs.
S6.8.5.3 License plate lamp photometry.
S6.8.5.3.1 Illumination surface.
S6.8.5.3.2 Test stations.
S6.8.5.4 Reflex reflector photometry.
S6.8.5.4.1 Reflex reflector and retroreflective sheeting photometry
measurements.
S6.8.5.4.1.1 Reflex reflector photometry measurement adjustments.
S6.8.5.5 Daytime running lamp (DRL) photometry measurements.
S6.8.5.6 Headlamp photometry measurements.
S6.8.5.6.1 Seasoning and test voltage.
S6.8.5.6.2 Aiming.
S6.8.5.6.3 Positioner.
S6.8.5.6.4 Photometer.
S6.8.5.6.5 Location of test points.
S6.8.5.6.6 Beam contributor photometry.
S7 Signal lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment
requirements.
S7.1 Turn signal lamps.
S7.1.1 Front turn signal lamps.
S7.1.1.1 Photometry.
S7.1.1.2 Spacing to other lamps.
[[Page 77553]]
S7.1.1.2.1 Spacing measurement for non-reflector lamps.
S7.1.1.2.2 Spacing measurement for lamps with reflectors.
S7.1.1.2.3 Spacing based photometric multipliers.
S7.1.1.3 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps.
S7.1.1.3.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall
width.
S7.1.1.3.2 Ratio to parking lamps and clearance lamps.
S7.1.2 Rear turn signal lamps.
S7.1.2.1 Photometry.
S7.1.2.2 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps.
S7.1.2.2.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall
width.
S7.1.2.3 Ratio to taillamps and clearance lamps.
S7.1.3 Physical tests.
S7.1.4 Combined lamp bulb indexing.
S7.2 Taillamps.
S7.2.1 Photometry.
S7.2.1.1 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps.
S7.2.1.1.1 Taillamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm .or more in
overall width.
S7.2.2 Physical tests.
S7.3 Stop lamps.
S7.3.1 Photometry.
S7.3.1.1 Multiple compartments and multiple lamps.
S7.3.1.1.1 Lamps installed on vehicles 2032 mm. or more in overall
width.
S7.3.1.2 Ratio to taillamps.
S7.3.2 Physical tests.
S7.3.3 Combined lamp bulb indexing.
S7.4 Side marker lamps.
S7.4.1 Photometry.
S7.4.1.1 Inboard photometry.
S7.4.2 Physical tests.
S7.5 Clearance and identification lamps.
S7.5.1 Photometry.
S7.5.2 Physical tests.
S7.6 Backup lamps.
S7.6.1 Photometry.
S7.6.2 Color.
S7.6.3 Physical tests.
S7.7 License plate lamps.
S7.7.1 Installation.
S7.7.1.1 Incident light from single lamp.
S7.7.1.2 Incident light from multiple lamps.
S7.7.2 Photometry.
S7.7.3 Physical tests.
S7.8 Parking lamps.
S7.8.1 Photometry.
S7.8.2 Physical tests.
S7.9 High mounted stop lamps.
S7.9.1 Accessibility.
S7.9.2 Interior mounting.
S7.9.3 Photometry.
S7.9.4 Physical tests.
S7.10 Reflex reflectors.
S7.10.1 Photometry.
S7.10.1.1 Alternative side reflex reflector.
S7.10.2 Physical tests.
S7.11 Daytime running lamps (DRL).
S7.11.1 Photometry.
S7.11.2 Spacing to turn signal lamps.
S7.11.3 Physical tests.
S7.12 Conspicuity systems.
S7.12.1 Retroreflective sheeting.
S7.12.1.1 Certification marking.
S7.12.1.2 Photometry.
S7.12.2 Conspicuity reflex reflectors.
S7.12.2.1 Certification marking.
S7.12.2.2 Photometry.
S7.13 School bus signal lamps.
S7.13.1 Photometry.
S7.13.2 Physical tests.
S7.14 Associated equipment.
S7.14.1 Turn signal operating unit.
S7.14.2 Turn signal flasher.
S7.14.3 Turn signal pilot indicator.
S7.14.3.1 Indicator size and color.
S7.14.3.2 Turn signal lamp failure.
S7.14.4 Headlamp beam switching device.
S7.14.4.1 Semi-automatic headlamp beam switching device.
S7.14.4.1.1 Operating instructions.
S7.14.4.1.2 Manual override.
S7.14.4.1.3 Fail-safe operation.
S7.14.4.1.4 Automatic dimming indicator.
S7.14.4.1.5 Lens accessibility.
S7.14.4.1.6 Mounting height.
S7.14.5 Upper beam headlamp indicator.
S7.14.5.1 Indicator size and location.
S7.14.6 Vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit.
S7.14.6.1 Operating unit switch.
S7.14.7 Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher.
S7.14.8 Vehicular hazard warning signal pilot indicator.
S7.14.8.1 Indicator size and color.
S8 Headlighting system requirements.
S8.1 Headlighting systems.
S8.1.1 Headlighting system type.
S8.1.2 Headlamp category.
S8.1.3 Vertical headlamp arrangement.
S8.1.4 Horizontal headlamp arrangement.
S8.1.5 Headlamp adjustments.
S8.2 Simultaneous beam activation.
S9 Sealed beam headlamp requirements.
S9.1 Installation.
S9.2 Simultaneous aim.
S9.3 Photometry.
S9.4 Physical tests.
S10 Integral beam headlamp requirements.
S10.1 Installation.
S10.2 Aimability.
S10.3 Simultaneous aim.
S10.4 Markings.
S10.5 Additional light sources.
S10.6 Photometry.
S10.7 Physical tests.
S11 Replaceable light source headlamp requirements.
S11.1 Installation.
S11.2 Aiming restrictions.
S11.3 Additional light sources.
S11.4 Replacement equipment.
S11.5 Markings.
S11.6 Photometry.
S11.7 Physical tests.
S12 Combination headlamp requirements.
S12.1 Installation.
S12.2 Photometry.
S12.3 Physical tests.
S13 Motorcycle headlamp requirements.
S13.1 Headlamp installation.
S13.1.1 Single headlamp.
S13.1.2 Two headlamps with both beams.
S13.1.3 Two headlamps, upper beam and lower beam.
S13.2 Photometry.
S13.3 Physical tests.
S13.4 Motorcycle replaceable bulb headlamp marking.
S13.5 Motorcycle headlamp modulation system.
S13.5.1 Modulation.
S13.5.2 Replacement modulators.
S13.5.2.1 Replacement performance.
S13.5.2.2 Replacement instructions.
S14 Aimability performance requirements.
S14.1 Headlamp mounting and aiming.
S14.2 Headlamp obstructions.
S14.3. Headlamp aiming systems.
S14.4 Aim adjustment interaction.
S14.5 Horizontal adjustment--visually aimed headlamp.
S14.6 Optical axis marking.
S14.6.1 Optical axis marking--vehicle.
S14.6.2 Optical axis marking--lamp.
S14.6.3 Optical axis marking--visual aim headlamp.
S14.7 Moveable reflectors.
S14.8 External aiming.
S14.8.1 Headlamp aiming device locating plates.
S14.8.2 Nonadjustable headlamp aiming device locating plates.
S14.9 On-vehicle aiming.
S14.9.1 Aim.
S14.9.1.1 Vertical aim.
S14.9.1.2 Horizontal aim.
S14.9.2 Aiming instructions.
S14.9.3 Permanent calibration.
S14.9.4 Replacement units.
S14.9.5 Physical tests.
S14.10 Visual/optical aiming.
S14.10.1 Vertical aim, lower beam.
S14.10.1.1 Vertical position of the cutoff.
S14.10.1.2 Vertical gradient.
S14.10.1.3 Horizontal position of the cutoff.
S14.10.1.4 Maximum inclination of the cutoff.
S14.10.1.5 Measuring the cutoff parameter.
S14.10.2 Horizontal aim, lower beam.
S14.10.3 Vertical aim, upper beam.
S14.10.4 Horizontal aim, upper beam.
S14.10.5 Photometric measurements.
S14.10.6 Visual/optical identification marking.
S15 Replaceable light source requirements
S15.1 Markings.
S15.2 Power and flux measurement.
S15.3 Power and flux measurement.
S15.4 Ballast markings.
S15.5 Gas discharge laboratory life.
S15.6 Physical tests.
S16 Headlamp concealment device requirements.
S16.7 Certification election.
S17 Headlamp marking requirements.
S17.1 Trademark.
S17.2 Voltage and trade number.
S17.3 Sealed beam headlamp markings.
S17.4 Replaceable bulb headlamp markings.
S17.5 Additional headlamp markings.
S18 Replaceable headlamp lens requirements.
Issued: December 20, 2005.
Stephen R. Kratzke,
Associate Administrator for Rulemaking.
Note: The following appendices will not appear in the Code of
Federal Regulations.
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P
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BILLING CODE 4910-59-C
Appendix C: List of Figures
------------------------------------------------------------------------
FIGURE NO. TITLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................. CHROMATICITY DIAGRAM [SAE J578c, FEB
1977, FIGURE 1].
2............................. FLASHER PERFORMANCE CHART [SAE J590b,
OCT 1965, FIGURE 1].
3............................. REPLACEABLE BULB HEADLAMP AIM PADS
[CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIG. 4-1 TO 4-4].
4............................. HEADLAMP CONNECTOR TEST SETUP [SAE J580,
DEC 1986, FIGURE 1].
5............................. HEADLAMP ABRASION TEST FIXTURE [CURRENT
FMVSS 108 FIGURE 5].
6............................. THERMAL CYCLE TEST PROFILE [CURRENT
FMVSS 108 FIGURE 6].
7............................. DIRT/AMBIENT TEST SETUP [CURRENT
FMVSS108 FIGURE 7].
8............................. REPLACEABLE BULB DEFLECTION TEST SETUP
[CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 8].
9............................. ENVIROMENTAL TEST PROFILE [CURRENT
FMVSS108 FIGURE 9].
10............................ HEADLAMP REPLACEABLE BULB PRESSURE TEST
SETUP [CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURE 25].
11............................ TRAILER CONSPICUITY TREATMENT EXAMPLES
[CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURES 30-1 TO 30-
4].
12-1.......................... TRAILER CONSPICUITY DETAIL I [NEW].
12-2.......................... TRAILER CONSPICUITY DETAIL II [NEW].
13............................ TRACTOR CONSPICUITY TREATMENT EXAMPLES
[CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURE 31].
14............................ 92 x 150 HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION TEST
SETUP [CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURE 16].
15............................ TYPES G AND H HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION
TEST SETUP [CURRENT FMVSS108 FIGURE
22].
16............................ TYPES A AND E HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION
TEST SETUP [SAE J580, DEC 1986, FIGURE
3].
17............................ TYPE B HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION TEST
SETUP [SAE J580, DEC 1986, FIGURE 4].
18............................ TYPES C AND D HEADLAMP AIM DEFLECTION
TEST SETUP [SAE J580, DEC 1986, FIGURE
2].
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Figures to Incorporate in 49 CFR Part 564 Appendix C
LF HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 11]
UF HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 12]
LF/UF MOUNTING FEATURES [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 13]
LF/UF MOUNTING RING [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE 14]
TYPE G & H HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [CURRENT FMVSS 108
FIGURE 18]
TYPE G & H HEADLAMP MOUNTING INFORMATION [CURRENT FMVSS 108 FIGURE
21]
TYPE 1A1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985,
FIGURE 11]
TYPE 2A1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985,
FIGURE 10]
TYPE 2B1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985,
FIGURE 13]
TYPE 1C1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985,
FIGURE 7]
TYPE 2C1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985,
FIGURE 8]
TYPE 2D1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985,
FIGURE 5]
TYPE 2E1 HEADLAMP DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985,
FIGURE 15]
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TYPES 1A1, 2A1, AND 2E1 HEADLAMP MOUNTING RING/LAMP BODY DIMENSIONAL
INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, FIGURE 12]
TYPE 2B1 HEADLAMP MOUNTING RING/LAMP BODY DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION
[SAE J1383, APR 1985, FIGURE 14]
TYPES 1C1 AND 2C1 HEADLAMP MOUNTING RING/LAMP BODY DIMENSIONAL
INFORMATION [SAE J1383, APR 1985, FIGURE 9]
TYPE 2D1 HEADLAMP MOUNTING RING/LAMP BODY DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION
[SAE J1383, APR 1985, FIGURE 6]
[FR Doc. 05-24421 Filed 12-29-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P