[Federal Register: April 8, 2005 (Volume 70, Number 67)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 17928-17940]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr08ap05-12]
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Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
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[[Page 17928]]
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
9 CFR Parts 93, 94, and 98
[Docket No. 02-046-1]
RIN 0579-AB79
Importation of Swine and Swine Products From the European Union
AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: We are proposing to amend the regulations for importing
animals and animal products into the United States to apply a uniform
set of importation requirements related to classical swine fever (CSF)
to a region consisting of all of the 15 Member States of the European
Union (EU) that comprised the EU as of April 30, 2004 (the EU-15) and
prohibit for a specified period of time the importation of live swine
and swine products from any area in the EU-15 that is identified by the
veterinary authorities of the region as a restricted zone. We believe
these changes are necessary to help prevent the introduction of CSF
into the United States while increasing our responsiveness to changes
in the CSF situation in the EU.
DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or before June
7, 2005.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by any of the following methods:
EDOCKET: Go to http://www.epa.gov/feddocket to submit or
view public comments, access the index listing of the contents of the
official public docket, and to access those documents in the public
docket that are available electronically. Once you have entered
EDOCKET, click on the ``View Open APHIS Dockets'' link to locate this
document.
Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Please send four copies
of your comment (an original and three copies) to Docket No. 02-046-1,
Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3C71, 4700
River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state that your
comment refers to Docket No. 02-046-1.
Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov
and follow the instructions for locating this
docket and submitting comments.
Reading Room: You may read any comments that we receive on this
docket in our reading room. The reading room is located in room 1141 of
the USDA South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue SW.,
Washington, DC. Normal reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is there to
help you, please call (202) 690-2817 before coming.
Other Information: You may view APHIS documents published in the
Federal Register and related information on the Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/webrepor.html
.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Chip Wells, Senior Staff
Veterinarian, Regionalization Evaluation Services Staff, National
Center for Import and Export, VS, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 38,
Riverdale, MD 20737-1231; (301) 734-4356.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA or the Department)
regulates the importation of animals and animal products into the
United States to guard against the introduction of animal diseases not
currently present or prevalent in this country. The regulations in 9
CFR part 94 (referred to below as the regulations) prohibit or restrict
the importation of specified animals and animal products to prevent the
introduction into the United States of various animal diseases,
including classical swine fever (CSF), rinderpest, foot-and-mouth
disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, swine vesicular disease, and
African swine fever.
Sections 94.9 and 94.10 of the regulations state that CSF is known
to exist in all regions of the world, except for those regions listed
in Sec. Sec. 94.9(a) and 94.10(a). The importation of live swine and
swine products from regions not recognized as free of CSF is restricted
or prohibited. In addition, the importation of live swine and swine
products from a region consisting of certain Member States and portions
of Member States of the European Union (EU) is restricted with regard
to CSF, even though that region is listed as free of the disease. The
restrictions on imports from that region were established in a final
rule published in the Federal Register on April 7, 2003 (68 FR 16922-
16941, Docket No. 98-090-5).
We based our final rule primarily on two risk analyses conducted by
APHIS.1 2 The risk analyses examined a region consisting of
EU countries (Member States) that the European Commission (EC) asked us
to recognize as free of CSF. (The EC is the EU institution responsible
for representing the EU as a whole. It proposes legislation, policies,
and programs of action and implements decisions of the EU Parliament
and Council.) The Member States identified were Austria, Belgium,
France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal,
and Spain. Five other EU Member States--Denmark, Finland, the Republic
of Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom--were already recognized by
APHIS as being free of CSF.
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\1\ Biological Risk Analysis: Risk assessment and management
options for imports of swine and swine products from the European
Union--June 2, 1999.
\2\ Risk Analysis for Importation of Classical Swine Fever Virus
in Swine and Swine Products from the European Union--December 2000.
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The first risk analysis was made available to the public in 1999 at
the time of publication in the Federal Register of the proposed rule
(64 FR 34155-34168, Docket No. 98-090-1) upon which we based our April
2003 final rule. The second risk analysis was released in 2002 for
public comment (67 FR 22388-22389, Docket No. 98-090-2) and represented
a revision and supplementation of the 1999 risk analysis. Data used in
both risk analyses represented events that occurred during a CSF
epidemic in Europe during 1997 and 1998. That outbreak is considered to
be the most severe CSF epidemic ever experienced in Europe. Both risk
analyses are available by calling or writing to the person listed in
this
[[Page 17929]]
document under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. The analyses are also
available on the Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ncie/reg-request.html.
At the bottom of that Web site page, click on
``Information previously submitted by Regions requesting export
approval and supporting documentation.'' At the next screen, click on
the triangle beside ``European Union/Not Specified/Classical Swine
Fever,'' then click on the triangle beside ``Response by APHIS,'' which
will reveal links to the risk analyses.
The analyses took into account, among other things, the CSF history
of the EU region consisting of the 10 Member States in the EC's
request, the CSF history of countries adjacent to the region, the
veterinary infrastructure and policies of the region, and the
historical volumes of imports into the United States of breeding swine,
swine semen, and pork and pork products from the region.
Based on the analyses, we considered it necessary to establish
certain mitigation measures for the importation of live swine, pork and
pork products, and swine semen from the region. Although there were no
CSF outbreaks in EU domestic swine within the defined region at the
time, the risk analyses assumed that, because CSF was endemic in wild
boar in several parts of the EU, it was likely CSF would continue to
occur in domestic swine in the region. Further, the risk analyses
considered the open borders among EU Member States. To address these
situations, the final rule required that commodities from the region of
the EU that was considered to be unaffected with CSF be segregated from
those from CSF-affected regions of the EU and other CSF-affected
regions, and that measures be taken to ensure that donor boars
providing semen for export to the United States are truly free of CSF.
These requirements are described below under the heading ``Importation
Conditions Established in April 2003.''
Importation Conditions Established in April 2003
Specifically, our April 2003 final rule required that the following
conditions be met before the commodity in question could be imported
into the United States (in the absence of any other diseases of swine
that would otherwise prohibit importation):
For pork and pork products: (1) The articles have not been
commingled with pork or pork products derived from swine that have been
in a region listed at the time as one in which CSF is known to exist;
(2) the swine from which the pork or pork products were derived have
not lived in a region listed at the time as one in which CSF is known
to exist, and have not transited such a region unless moved directly
through the region in a sealed means of conveyance with the seal
determined to be intact upon arrival at the point of destination; and
(3) the articles are accompanied by a certificate, issued by an
official of the national government of the region of origin, stating
that the above provisions have been met.
For breeding swine: The swine (1) have never lived in a
region listed at the time as one in which CSF is known to exist; (2)
have never transited such a region unless moved directly through the
region in a sealed means of conveyance with the seal determined to be
intact upon arrival at the point of destination; and (3) have never
been commingled with swine that have been in a region listed at the
time as one in which CSF is known to exist. Additionally, no equipment
or materials used in transporting the swine may have previously been
used for transporting swine ineligible for export to the United States
unless the equipment or materials first were cleaned and disinfected.
Lastly, the swine have to be accompanied by a certificate, issued by a
salaried veterinary officer of the national government of the country
of origin, stating that the above provisions have been met.
For swine semen: The donor boar meets the same conditions
as those listed above for breeding swine. Additionally, the following
conditions must be met: (1) The semen comes from a semen collection
center approved for export by the veterinary services of the national
government of the country of origin; (2) the donor boar is held in
isolation for at least 30 days prior to entering the semen collection
center, and, no more than 30 days prior to being held in isolation, is
tested with negative results using a CSF test approved by the Office
International des Epizooties (OIE) [also referred to as the World
Organisation of Animal Health]; and (3) the donor boar is observed by
the semen collection center veterinarian while at the center (including
at least a 40-day holding period at the center following collection of
the semen) and, along with all other swine at the center, exhibits no
clinical signs of CSF.
Under these conditions, we estimated that the risk of introducing
CSF through imports from the defined region would be as follows:
By importing breeding swine, most likely one incursion in
an average of 33,670 years.
By importing fresh pork, most likely one incursion in an
average of 22,676 years.
By importing swine semen, most likely one incursion in an
average of 8,090 years.
APHIS considered each of these risks to be low.
We continue to consider the mitigation measures established in our
April 2003 final rule to be necessary for the importation of breeding
swine, pork and pork products, and swine semen from the EU region we
recognized in that final rule, and to France and Spain, which were
added to that region following publication of the April 2003 final rule
in a final rule published on April 20, 2004 (69 FR 21042-21047, Docket
No. 98-090-7). Under this proposed rule, those requirements would
continue to apply.
Additionally, we are proposing to apply the measures established in
our April 2003 final rule to importations from five additional EU
Member States whose exports to the United States are free of CSF-
related restrictions (Denmark, Finland, the Republic of Ireland,
Sweden, and the United Kingdom [consisting of England, Scotland, Wales,
the Isle of Man, and Northern Ireland]), as well as to Luxembourg
(which is currently listed as a region in which CSF exists, due to an
outbreak of the disease following our June 1999 proposal) and all of
Germany and Italy. Currently, only portions of Germany and Italy are
recognized as free of CSF in our regulations. We would apply the same
mitigation measures to each of the areas described above because we
would recognize the combination of all of those areas of the EU as a
single region of low-risk for CSF, discussed below. The region would be
comprised of the 15 Member States comprising the EU as of April 30,
2004, which we refer to as the European Union-15 (EU-15). We would add
a definition of European Union-15 (EU-15) to Sec. Sec. 93.500, 94.0,
and 98.30.
We discuss below, under the heading ``Uniform Conditions for
Imports from the EU-15,'' our proposed application of uniform import
conditions to the EU-15 with regard to CSF. We then discuss the reasons
we believe the EU-15 qualifies as a region of low-risk for CSF under
the heading ``Basis for Recognition of an EU Region.''
Uniform Conditions for Imports From the EU-15
As noted above, we are proposing to recognize a single region for
CSF (the EU-15) that would consist of the following areas: (1) That
region of the EU we now recognize as being free of
[[Page 17930]]
CSF but from which imports of swine and swine products are subject to
specified restrictions; (2) Denmark, Finland, the Republic of Ireland,
Sweden, and the United Kingdom (consisting of England, Scotland, Wales,
the Isle of Man, and Northern Ireland); and (3) Luxembourg and all of
Germany and Italy. Currently, only portions of Germany and Italy are
recognized as free of CSF in our regulations.
In our April 2003 final rule, we did not include Denmark, Finland,
the Republic of Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom in the EU
region we defined as free of classical swine fever but from which the
importation of swine and swine products are subject to certain
restrictions. Those five Member States had already been recognized in
previous rulemakings as regions in which CSF is not known to exist and
from which swine and swine products may be imported into the United
States without restriction related to CSF. We continued to treat those
Member States in the same way we had been treating them since the time
we recognized them as free of CSF; that is, we did not apply to them
the additional mitigation measures we were applying to the EU region we
recognized in the April 2003 final rule.
However, because we had recognized those five Member States as free
of CSF before the EU was established, the evaluations we had conducted
that supported such a classification of freedom did not take into
account the opening of national borders within the EU and the
possibility that the five CSF-free Member States would trade freely
with EU Member States that we considered CSF-affected.
As part of the EU, those five Member States carry out trade with
the rest of the EU under what is essentially an open-border trading
policy. There is no substantive difference between the way trade is
carried out within the EU by those five Member States compared to the
way it is carried out by other Member States. Because of these open-
border policies, we believe the CSF risk from the five member States
must be considered the same as from the EU region we recognized as
subject to additional mitigation measures in our April 2003 final rule,
and the same importation conditions would be applied to both areas
under this proposed rule.
Additionally, we are proposing to apply those importation
conditions to parts of the EU that we have not yet recognized as CSF-
free. In our April 2003 final rule, we excluded certain parts of the
EU--in some cases entire Member States--from the region we recognized
as CSF-free, either because those areas were not eligible for
recognition as CSF-free at the time we published the proposal for our
April 2003 final rule, or because they experienced an outbreak of CSF
in domestic swine following publication of that proposed rule. Those
areas included all of France and Spain--which have since been added to
the region of the EU we consider free of CSF with restrictions--all of
Luxembourg, and parts of Germany and Italy. In Germany, we excluded the
following kreis: the Kreis Uckermark in the Land of Brandenburg; the
Kreis Oldenberg, the Kreis Soltau-Fallingbostel, and the Kreis Vechta
in the Land of Lower Saxony; the Kreis Heinsberg and the Kreis
Warendorf in the Land of Northrhine-Westphalia; the Kreis Bernkastel-
Wittlich, the Kreis Bitburg-Pr[uuml]m, the Kreis Donnersbergkreis, the
Kreis Rhein-Hunsr[uuml]che, the Kreis S[uuml]dliche Weinstrasse, and
the Kreis Trier-Saarburg in the Land of Rhineland Palatinate; and the
Kreis Altmarkkreis in the Land of Saxony-Anhalt. In Italy, we excluded
the Regions of Emilia-Romagna, Piemonte, and Sardegna.
Whether we excluded an entire Member State or a smaller
administrative unit depended on whether we had identified in the June
1999 proposed rule the administrative unit we would recognize as a
region within a particular Member State in the event of a CSF outbreak.
We had identified such administrative units for Germany and Italy (the
``kreis'' in Germany and the ``region'' in Italy), but not for the
other Member States of the EU.
We are now proposing to apply the certification requirements
established by our April 2003 final rule to all the areas in Italy and
Germany listed above and to Luxembourg. In addition, we would require
the EC to certify that commodities (breeding swine, swine semen, and
fresh pork and pork products) are not exported from--and have not been
commingled with swine from--restricted zones in the EU during the
following time periods: (1) A period of 6 months after the last case of
CSF in domestic swine in the restricted zone; or (2) until restrictions
put in place by the EU because of CSF in wild boar in the restricted
zone are released. We consider this action warranted because we
consider the EU to be an homogeneous region of low CSF risk (although
one in which CSF outbreaks may continue to occur) and because the EC
has appropriate control measures in place to mitigate the risk of
continuing outbreaks.
We consider the EU to be homogeneous with regard to CSF despite the
fact that we have treated certain kreis in Germany and Regions in Italy
slightly differently from the rest of those countries during our
rulemaking process. Our June 1999 proposed rule excluded three kreis in
Germany and three Regions in Italy from consideration as part of the
region recognized in our April 2003 final rule. Because these areas had
experienced outbreaks within 6 months before collection of data for the
1999 risk analysis, the model excluded consideration of exports from
those areas. Exclusion of those areas was a policy decision based on
the regionalization approach being used by APHIS at the time.
However, the model used for the risk analysis was based on the
assumption that outbreaks would continue to occur in the EU. Even with
this assumption, the risk analysis concluded that the risk of exporting
CSF from the EU in breeding swine, swine semen, and fresh pork was low.
Outbreaks did, in fact, occur in some German kreis other than the three
excluded from the June 1999 proposed rule--as well as in France, Spain,
and Luxembourg, which were subject to the June 1999 proposed rule--and
to provide the public an opportunity to comment upon the outbreaks, we
did not include those kreis and Member States in our April 2003 final
rule. However, we consider the CSF risk posed by commodities from the
German kreis and Italian Regions that were excluded from the proposed
rule, as well as from those areas and Member States that had outbreaks
subsequent to the proposed rule, to be equivalent to the CSF risk from
the other EU-15 Member States (as discussed above, in April 2004 we
added France and Spain to the EU region we recognized in April 2003).
We consider the risk from the EU-15 as a whole to be within the
parameters of the risk analysis, and believe the risk from continuing
CSF outbreaks in any part of the EU-15 would be adequately mitigated by
the control mechanisms implemented in the EU.
Thus, we are proposing to apply the same import conditions for
swine and swine products with regard to CSF to a region consisting of
all of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, the Republic of Ireland,
Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The conditions for pork, pork
products, and live swine would be set forth in Sec. 94.24. The
conditions for swine semen would be set forth in Sec. 98.38.
[[Page 17931]]
The EU-15 as a Region of Low Risk for CSF
In evaluating the CSF risk from imports of breeding swine, swine
semen, and swine products from the EU-15, we took into consideration
the following characteristics of that region:
The region contains a known source of CSF risk (e.g.,
infected wild boar) that may spread the disease virus to EU domestic
swine, resulting in continuing outbreaks of CSF in the region, but
veterinary officials in the region have established risk mitigation
measures adequate to prevent widespread exposure and establishment of
the disease;
Specific mitigation measures in place include
surveillance, epidemiological investigations, diagnostic capability,
and emergency response capacity that are sufficient to identify the
disease, establish appropriate control zones, and implement all
measures necessary to effectively limit the spread of CSF from the
region; and
Veterinary officials maintain contingency plans defining
proactive approaches to CSF control: The veterinary officials have
sufficient legal powers, a detailed chain-of-command, and appropriate
resources, including emergency funds, laboratory staff, equipment and
infrastructure, to carry out a rapid and effective eradication
campaign; there is an instruction manual detailing all procedures,
instructions, and measures, including emergency vaccination plans if
deemed necessary, to be implemented in the event of a CSF outbreak; and
appropriate staff regularly receive training and conduct drills in CSF
diagnosis, control measures, and communication techniques.
Included in the EC request to APHIS that resulted in our April 7,
2003, final rule was a request that was made in the context of the
Veterinary Equivalence Agreement (VEA) between the United States and
the EU, which was enacted in 1998. (The stated objective of the VEA is
to facilitate trade in live animals and animal products between the EU
and the United States by establishing a mechanism for the recognition
of equivalence of sanitary measures, consistent with the protection of
public and animal health, and improve communication and cooperation on
sanitary issues.) The EC requested that APHIS adopt the EC approach to
regionalization for CSF. This would require APHIS to establish a new
approach to dealing with outbreaks of CSF in the EU-15. As a result of
our review of the information provided, we are proposing to establish a
new approach that will adopt many elements of the EC approach to
dealing with outbreaks of CSF in the EU-15. Rather than responding to
outbreaks through rulemakings specific to each outbreak, we are
proposing in this document to establish actions that we would take in
the event of a CSF outbreak in the region. Our proposal and the way in
which it differs from current practice is explained below. While the
approach we are proposing would, in this case, apply specifically to
the EU-15, we would accept requests and supporting information from
other regions interested in being considered for a similar approach.
Currently, Sec. 92.3 of the regulations provides that whenever the
EC establishes a quarantine for a disease in the EU in a region APHIS
recognizes as one in which the disease is not known to exist and the EC
imposes prohibitions or other restrictions on the movement of animals
or animal products from the quarantined area in the EU, such animals
and animal products are prohibited importation into the United States.
Additionally, APHIS published a final rule on May 4, 2004 (69 FR 25817-
25820, Docket No. 02-001-2) that established procedures to follow when
a region that we recognize as free of an animal disease experiences an
outbreak of that disease. If a region of the world that is considered
free of CSF experiences an outbreak of CSF, APHIS will prohibit or
restrict immediately the importation of live swine, fresh pork and pork
products, and swine semen from that region into the United States. We
then may publish an interim rule in the Federal Register as soon as
possible that removes that region from the lists in Sec. Sec. 94.9 and
94.10 of the regulations of regions in which CSF does not exist and
that prohibits or restricts, by regulation, the importation of live
swine, fresh pork and pork products, and swine semen. We accept public
comment on the interim rule for a specified period of time. If the
outbreak is eliminated in the region in question and a sufficient
amount of time passes (generally defined as consistent with OIE
recommendations) to ensure that the disease has been eradicated, we
evaluate the risk of resuming imports from the region. If we believe
the results of the risk evaluation support reinstatement of the
region's previous CSF-free status and resumption of the importation of
the prohibited swine and swine products into the United States, we make
the evaluation available to the public and solicit public comment on
it. If, after considering the public comments, we still consider it
warranted to reinstate the region's CSF-free status, we publish a final
rule in the Federal Register listing the region as free of CSF, and we
allow importations of swine and swine products to resume.
We are proposing in this document that, whenever an outbreak of CSF
occurs in the EU-15 and the competent veterinary authority of the EU-15
Member State establishes a quarantined area for CSF (also referred to
in this document as a ``restricted zone''), swine and swine products
will be prohibited importation into the United States from that zone.
No action would be required by APHIS; the prohibition would take effect
immediately. Swine and swine products would not be allowed importation
from the region unless they are accompanied by certification by an
official of the competent veterinary authority of the EU-15 Member
State that the prohibitions set forth in this proposed rule regarding
restricted zones (discussed below) have been met.
In the case of an outbreak of CSF in EU domestic swine, the
importation prohibitions would remain in effect for 6 months following
the depopulation of swine and the cleaning and disinfection of the last
infected premises in the restricted zone, even if the competent
veterinary authority of the EU-15 Member State removes its designation
of the area as a restricted zone before 6 months have elapsed. In the
case of a restricted zone established because of the detection of CSF
in wild boar, the importation prohibitions would remain in place until
the competent veterinary authority of the EU-15 Member State removes
its designation of the area as a restricted zone. (The issue of wild
boar is discussed further in this document under the heading ``Wild
Boar.'') The lifting of the prohibitions on imports into the United
States from a restricted zone would take effect at the times described
above. No action by APHIS would be required. However, APHIS would
reserve the right to make site visits and review documentation related
to the outbreak and eradication activities. In considering the CSF risk
in the EU-15, we evaluated both the ability of officials in that region
to ensure that such restricted zones would be effectively established
and maintained and the ability of the officials to ensure that
prohibitions on the importation into the United States of swine and
swine products from the restricted zones would be effectively enforced.
In Sec. Sec. 94.0 and 98.30, we would define restricted zone for
classical swine fever to mean an area, delineated by the relevant
competent veterinary authorities of the region in which the
[[Page 17932]]
area is located, that surrounds and includes the location of an
outbreak of CSF in domestic swine or detection of the disease in wild
boar, and from which the movement of domestic swine is prohibited. We
are not proposing to specify how far from an outbreak a restricted zone
must extend because factors such as geographic boundaries could
influence the necessary distance. However, we did evaluate the policies
of the EC for establishing restricted zones when considering whether to
consider the EU-15 as a region of low-risk for CSF. This is discussed
in more detail below under ``EU Animal Health Controls.''
We believe this new approach is warranted for the EU-15 because
that region has demonstrated the capability to effectively prevent the
spread of CSF from areas where outbreaks occur. Plus, as a
precautionary measure, imports of swine and swine products from the EU-
15 into the United States will be restricted to address the recognized
probability of these outbreaks occurring from time to time.
Because we are proposing to recognize the EU-15 as a single region
that poses a low risk for CSF, we would remove from Sec. Sec. 94.9(a)
and 94.10(a) of the regulations the EU-15 Member States currently
listed as regions in which CSF is not known to exist. The EU-15 would
be included in proposed Sec. Sec. 94.9(b) and 94.10(b) as a single
region of low-risk for CSF.
Basis for Consideration of the EU-15 as a Region of Low-Risk for CSF
We believe that consideration of the EU-15 as a single low-risk
region for CSF is warranted based on the risk analyses described above,
upon which we based on our April 2003 final rule, and on our knowledge
of the veterinary infrastructure and legislation in the EU. These
considerations are discussed in detail in an APHIS document titled
``APHIS Risk Considerations on Importation of Classical Swine Fever
(CSF) Virus in Breeding Swine, Swine Semen, and Fresh Pork from a
European Union Region of Fifteen Member States.'' The document can be
obtained by calling or writing to the person listed in this document
under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. It is also available on the
Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ncie/reg-request.html. At the
bottom of that Web site page, click on ``Information previously
submitted by Regions requesting export approval and supporting
documentation.'' At the next screen, click on the triangle beside
``European Union/Not Specified/Classical Swine Fever,'' then click on
the triangle beside ``Response by APHIS,'' which will reveal a link to
the document.
The estimates of risk in the analyses we conducted regarding CSF in
the EU-15 suggest that the EU's control mechanisms, combined with the
risk mitigation measures we established in the April 2003 final rule,
are sufficiently effective to mitigate the risk of introducing the CSF
virus to the United States via exports of the swine and swine products
that would be eligible for importation into the United States under
this rule.
The risk estimated in the risk analyses regarding the EU that we
conducted in 1999 and 2000 was based on quantitative data reflecting
the effects of EU regulations that were in place during a severe CSF
outbreak in 1997 and 1998 that occurred extensively in the Netherlands
and that spread to other EU Member States. Although the outbreak was
considered the most severe the EU ever experienced and CSF did spread
during that outbreak, our quantitative estimates of risk showed that
the risk to the United States of CSF introduction due to that most
severe outbreak was low. Since that outbreak, the EU has implemented
measures to strengthen its response to a CSF outbreak. Therefore, with
the continued application of EU regulations, any risk from future CSF
outbreaks in the EU-15 is expected to also be low, unless an outbreak
occurs that is more severe than the one in 1997-1998--i.e., that poses
a risk greater than that evaluated in the analysis. In the event of a
more severe outbreak or any other circumstance the Administrator
considers to pose a risk (such as evidence of unreported CSF outbreaks
or significant deterioration of veterinary infrastructure or control in
the region), the APHIS Administrator would reserve the right to take
whatever action is necessary to ensure that CSF is not introduced into
the United States.
EU Animal Health Controls
In general, our proposed classification of the EU-15 as a region of
low risk for CSF is based on continued adherence in the Member States
to EU animal health controls, some of which are described below, as
well as on the measures we established in our April 2003 final rule.
However, in one way, we believe it is necessary to require a measure
that exceeds the EU controls. This measure has to do with the length of
time the prohibition on the importation into the United States of swine
and swine products from a restricted zone is maintained. We discuss
this measure at greater length below, under the heading ``Prohibition
of Importations from a Restricted Zone.''
Animal health regulations imposed in the EU are harmonized and
binding upon all Member States. Requirements include compulsory
notification of OIE List A diseases, including CSF, and laboratory
testing for CSF on all sick swine if CSF is suspected. Member States
are required to have CSF contingency plans and, if applicable,
eradication plans for CSF in wild boar populations.
Swine are moved freely among EU Member States and within Member
States. Swine born in one Member State are routinely fattened or
slaughtered in another. Animals moving between Member States are
required to be accompanied by an official health certificate issued by
an official veterinarian appointed by the competent veterinary
authority of the Member State. Prior notification of the movement is
reported electronically through an electronic network linking
authorities of the EC and Member States.\3\
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\3\ TRACES (Trade Control and Export System) is replacing ANIMO
by the end of 2004 as the computerized system mandated by EU law to
track animal and animal product movement between Member States, as
well as to track imports from non-EU countries into the EU. Data are
entered by local veterinary authorities in each Member State and are
shared over a network with the rest of the EU. The system is
administered by a private contractor under the oversight of the EC
and the EU Court of Auditors.
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Farm registration is mandatory, and each holding is assigned a
unique identification number by the competent veterinary authority of
the Member State. Animal identification is compulsory. Breeding swine
must be identified with a unique identification number (either by ear
tag or tattoo), and fattening swine must be identified by the holding
registration number. This information is maintained by each Member
State.
If CSF is detected anywhere in the EU, control mechanisms are
activated in accordance with EU legislation. When CSF is suspected on a
swine holding, a clinical investigation is conducted by the competent
veterinary authority of the Member State to confirm or rule out the
disease, and an epidemiological investigation is carried out. Movement
of swine from the holding under suspicion is prohibited, and
biosecurity measures are implemented to prevent spread of the disease.
If CSF is confirmed, all swine on the holding containing infected
swine must be depopulated, and the carcasses must be disposed of after
being treated to inactivate the CSF virus under official supervision.
Two types of zones are
[[Page 17933]]
established around an outbreak of CSF in EU domestic swine--
``protection zones'' and ``surveillance zones.'' The protection zone
extends at least 3 kilometers from the outbreak. The surveillance zone
extends at least 10 kilometers from the outbreak. For the purpose of
our regulations, we would consider the combination of an EU protection
zone and surveillance zone to constitute a restricted zone. When
establishing zones, the competent veterinary authority of the Member
State is required by EU legislation to take into account the following:
The results of the epidemiological investigation;
The geographical situation, particularly natural or
artificial boundaries;
The location and proximity of holdings;
Patterns of movements and trade in swine and the
availability of slaughterhouses;
The facilities and personnel available to control any
movement of swine within the zones, in particular if the swine to be
killed need to be moved away from their holding of origin.
Veterinary authorities are required to take all necessary measures,
including posting signs and alerting the media, to inform the public of
the imposed restrictions and must use appropriate measures to enforce
the restrictions. Veterinary authorities of Member States collaborate
in establishing zones that overlap their borders.
In accordance with EU regulations, premises located within the
protection zone are prohibited by the Member State from moving swine
out of that zone for at least 30 days following the depopulation of
swine and the cleaning and disinfection of the last premises in the
zone infected with CSF. Premises within the surveillance zone are
prohibited by the Member State from moving swine out of that zone for
at least 20 days following the depopulation of swine and the cleaning
and disinfection of the last premises in the protected zone infected
with CSF. A census is conducted of all swine in both the protection and
surveillance zones. Clinical examinations are conducted of all swine
within the protection zone.
An epidemiological inquiry is made into the origin of the virus in
the infected swine, and contacts are identified for traceback and
traceforward investigations. Isolates of the virus are genetically
typed by the EU Reference Laboratory in Hanover, Germany.
Under official supervision of the competent veterinary authority of
the Member State, meat of swine slaughtered during the period between
the probable introduction of disease and the implementation of control
measures is traced and processed in such a way as to destroy or
inactivate the CSF virus. Likewise, swine genetic products collected
during this time are traced and destroyed under official supervision in
such a way as to avoid the risk of spread of the CSF virus.
After the depopulation of swine, the buildings, equipment,
vehicles, and other articles that may have been contaminated with the
CSF virus must be cleaned and disinfected under official supervision
using approved disinfectants.
Swine may not be reintroduced onto a holding that contained
infected swine until at least 30 days after the required cleaning and
disinfection. Any swine reintroduced onto the holding must be monitored
to make sure that none develop antibodies to CSF.
The EU does not vaccinate domestic swine for CSF. However, with EC
approval, emergency vaccination may be used in cases where CSF has been
confirmed and epidemiological data suggest that the disease threatens
to spread.
Whenever CSF is detected in a wild boar, the competent veterinary
authority of the Member State, in consultation with an expert panel of
veterinarians, hunters, wildlife biologists, and epidemiologists,
defines the infected area, implements appropriate measures to reduce
the spread of the disease, develops and submits for EC approval an
eradication plan, and audit the effectiveness of measures adopted to
eradicate CSF from the infected area. These measures require that all
holdings of domestic swine in the infected area be placed under
official surveillance, an official census of swine be conducted, swine
movement be restricted, biosecurity measures be implemented, and
testing for CSF be conducted on all sick or dead swine. Further, all
wild boar shot or found dead must be examined and tested for CSF by an
official veterinarian designated by the competent veterinary authority
of the Member State. In addition, the measures taken may include
suspension of hunting and a ban on feeding wild boar. The veterinary
authority must also ensure that the CSF isolate is genetically typed.
Adjacent Member States collaborate in establishing control measures in
cases where the infected wild boar are found close to common borders.
As part of an approved eradication plan, emergency vaccination of
wild boar may be conducted in situations where CSF has been confirmed
and epidemiological data suggest that the disease threatens to spread.
The vaccination area must be part of the defined infected area, and
appropriate measures must be taken to prevent spread of the vaccine
virus to domestic swine. Currently, there is an ongoing emergency
vaccination program for wild boar in infected areas within Germany and
Luxembourg.
Requirement in Addition to EU Controls
As we stated above, we believe it is necessary to require a CSF
control measure in the EU-15 that exceeds EU controls and the
conditions imposed by our April 2003 final rule. This measure is the
length of time the prohibitions on the exportation of swine and swine
products to the United States are maintained. We discuss this measure
below.
Prohibition of Importations From a Restricted Zone
Current EU regulations allow CSF restrictions in a protection zone
(that area extending at least 3 kilometers from an infected holding of
domestic swine) to be removed 30 days after completion of preliminary
cleaning and disinfection measures on the infected holding.
Restrictions in a surveillance zone must stay in place at least 20 days
after such cleaning and disinfection. Restrictions are removed only
after clinical examinations and serology indicate that any swine
remaining in the area are free of CSF. Presumably, after restrictions
are released, swine from the area could be moved throughout the EU.
We are concerned by observations of recurrence of CSF in certain
areas shortly after such restrictions have been removed by the EU and
swine movement from the areas has commenced. For example, in December
2001, an outbreak was confirmed in Osoma, Spain, 22 days after release
of movement restrictions by the EU. In another case, an outbreak in
Luxembourg in August 2002 was epidemiologically linked to an outbreak
that occurred in June 2002, and occurred 27 days after release of
movement restrictions by the EU. During the 1997-1998 epidemic,
veterinary authorities in the EU usually found it necessary to maintain
movement restrictions for more than 30 days following an outbreak.
These observations suggest that restricting movement for only 30 days
may be insufficient to ensure that the region remains unaffected.
Further, as discussed below, we believe that OIE standards support
restriction of movement for more than 30 days. As discussed above, we
are
[[Page 17934]]
proposing to consider the EU-15 as a region of low risk for CSF, rather
than as a region in which CSF is not known to exist. The OIE standard
that would be relevant to such a region is the standard for a country
or zone free of CSF in domestic swine but with infection in the wild
swine population.\4\ In such situations, OIE recommends that, where a
stamping out policy without vaccination has been implemented for CSF
control, recognition of the region as CSF-free may be acquired 6 months
after the last outbreak in domestic swine.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ OIE, Terrestrial Animal Health Code-2003, Part 2, Chapter
2.1.13.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
We are in agreement with the OIE recommendation that restrictions
on the movement of swine and swine products from a CSF quarantined area
be maintained for 6 months, and consider it consistent with our
proposed consideration of the EU-15 as a region that poses a low risk
of CSF. Further, maintenance of such restrictions for 6 months is
consistent with our stated intent in our December 2000 risk analysis to
accept exports only from regions that have not experienced a CSF
outbreak within the previous 6 months.\5\ This is why we are proposing
to provide that our prohibition on the importation of swine and swine
products from a restricted zone established because of an outbreak of
CSF in domestic swine remain in place for at least 6 months following
the depopulation of swine and the cleaning and disinfection of the last
infected premises in the zone. As noted above, the prohibition of the
importation of swine and swine products from a restricted zone
established because of the detection of CSF in wild boar would remain
in place until the restricted zone status of the area is removed by the
competent veterinary authority of the EU-15 Member State.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Risk Analysis for Importation of Classical Swine Fever Virus
in Swine and Swine Products from the European Union--December 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wild Boar
Under our current regulations, we do not remove a region from the
lists in Sec. Sec. 94.9(a) and 94.10(a) of regions considered free of
CSF if the disease is detected in wild boar in the region but not in
domestic swine. This approach is consistent with APHIS domestic
regulations, which do not regulate wild boar in the United States for
swine diseases. However, under this proposed rule, we would prohibit
importations of swine and swine products from areas in the EU-15 placed
under quarantine by the competent veterinary authority of an EU-15
Member State because of the detection of CSF in wild boar, even if CSF
has not been detected in domestic swine in the area. Although the
estimates of CSF risk from the region identified in our 1999 and 2000
risk analyses were based on data related only to outbreaks and control
measures in EU domestic swine (i.e., data from wild boar outbreaks were
not included), we recognize that EU control measures implemented in
response to outbreaks in wild boar had a mitigating effect on the
spread of CSF in domestic swine. Therefore, we believe that EU control
measures for CSF in wild boar are a critical component of the overall
EU controls for CSF. Data indicate that wild boar continue to be a
potential source of infection in domestic swine. For example, infected
wild boar are the suspected source of virus linked to an August 2003
outbreak in Luxembourg, an April 2002 outbreak in France, and multiple
outbreaks in Germany. The EU recognizes the risk to its domestic swine
population because of the endemic CSF infection in wild boar and has
implemented eradication plans and contingency measures to deal with
this problem. To protect domestic swine herds throughout the region,
the EC has placed restrictions on movement of domestic swine from
infected wild boar areas. It is likely that the EU restrictions on
regions containing infected wild boar contribute significantly to the
effectiveness of EU control measures.
Certificate for Swine
Section 93.505 of the regulations requires that, except for swine
from Canada, all swine intended for importation into the United States
be accompanied by official certification regarding the health status of
the swine and the disease status of the region of origin. Paragraph (a)
of Sec. 93.505 requires that the certificate accompanying the swine
show that the entire region of origin of the swine is free of CSF. In
accordance with our proposed action to allow the importation of
breeding swine from the EU-15, we are proposing to change the language
in Sec. 93.505 accordingly, to allow for the importation of live swine
from the EU-15.
Application of this Approach to Other Regions
Section 92.2 of the regulations defines the type of information
that must be included with the request of a country or countries to
APHIS for recognition of the animal health status of a region.
Evaluation of this information would constitute the first step in
consideration of a new regulatory approach for the region. As part of
its consideration, APHIS would determine whether it might be
appropriate to revise its approach dealing with outbreaks in the region
that made the request. The results of these considerations will be
reflected in regulatory changes made through rulemaking. Aspects of the
rulemaking process are discussed in Sec. 92.2.
Authorized Inspectors
Currently, there is a requirement in Sec. 94.24(c) that
certificates required under Sec. 94.24 be presented by the importer of
swine and swine products to the appropriate Customs and Border
Protection officer at the port of arrival. We are proposing to require
instead that the certificates be presented to an authorized inspector,
which is defined in Sec. 94.0 as any individual authorized by the
Administrator of APHIS or the Commissioner of Customs and Border
Protection, Department of Homeland Security, to enforce the
regulations. This change would reflect the fact that, for some imports,
it is an APHIS employee who accepts the certificate at the port of
arrival.
Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act
This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12866.
The rule has been determined to be significant for the purposes of
Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has been reviewed by the Office
of Management and Budget.
Under the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.) the
Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to promulgate regulations to
prevent the introduction into the United States or dissemination of any
pest or disease of livestock. Under this authority, APHIS is proposing
to establish provisions for imports of swine and swine products from
the EU-15 under conditions we believe will guard against the
introduction of CSF into the United States from that region.
Below is the economic analysis for the changes proposed in this
document. The economic analysis provides a cost-benefit analysis as
required by Executive Order 12866 and an analysis of the potential
economic effects on small entities as required by the Regulatory
Flexibility Act.
We do not have enough data for a comprehensive analysis of the
economic effects of this proposed rule on small entities. Therefore, in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 603, we have performed an initial regulatory
flexibility analysis for this proposed rule. We are inviting comments
about this proposed rule as it relates to small entities. In
particular, we are interested in determining the number and kind of
small entities who
[[Page 17935]]
may incur benefits or costs from implementation of this proposed rule
and the economic impact of those benefits or costs.
CSF is a highly contagious and fatal disease of swine. It was
eradicated from the United States in 1976 after a 16-year effort, at a
cost to USDA and individual States of about $140 million ($455 million
in 2003 dollars). The potential for reintroduction of CSF into the
United States remains a major concern, not only because of production
losses and eradication costs, but also because of the adverse effects
reintroduction would have on U.S. swine and pork exports.
APHIS determines, based on disease risk evaluations, whether
animals and animal products may be exported from foreign regions to the
United States. If a region recognized by APHIS as free of a specific
animal disease experiences an outbreak, generally an interim rule is
issued prohibiting or restricting potentially infected imports. Once
the outbreak has been eliminated, and a period of time has elapsed
sufficient to allow the animal disease situation in the region to
stabilize, the region's previous disease-free status may be restored.
APHIS personnel conduct a site visit and reevaluate the risk by
conducting a risk analysis. If, based on the analysis, APHIS believes
it is appropriate to once again consider the region free of the
disease, APHIS publishes a notice in the Federal Register soliciting
public comments on the analysis. Any comments received are reviewed and
each issue raised by commenters is considered. If, after review of the
comments, APHIS continues to consider it appropriate to once again
recognize the region free of the disease, a final rule is published in
the Federal Register giving notice of such recognition.
We believe this proposed rule would enable APHIS to respond more
quickly to changes in CSF conditions within the EU-15, while
maintaining the Agency's sanitary standards. The proposed rule would
change the procedure by which imports of swine, pork and pork products,
and swine semen would be allowed to resume following the elimination of
a CSF outbreak in the EU-15. Separate rulemaking would no longer be
required each time an area within the region experiences a CSF outbreak
and the disease is subsequently eliminated. Rather, APHIS would
recognize quarantine decisions made by the competent veterinary
authority of an EU-15 Member State and prohibit the importation of
swine and swine products from restricted zones in the EU-15 established
by the competent veterinary authority of an EU-15 Member State. As an
additional safeguard, imports of swine, fresh pork and pork products,
and swine semen into the United States from the restricted zone would
be prohibited for a period of 6 months following the depopulation of
swine and the cleaning and disinfection of the last infected premises
in the zone. Restrictions and prohibitions we would establish because
of the detection of CSF in wild boar would remain in place until the
restricted zone status of the area is removed by a competent veterinary
authority of the EU-15 Member State.
An alternative to the proposed rule would be to not change the
regulations--i.e., to continue to initiate rulemaking whenever the CSF
situation within the EU-15 changes. Continuing with the current
procedures would not achieve the Agency objective of improving the
Agency's responsiveness to CSF situation changes while maintaining
adequate disease prevention measures. A second alternative would be to
consider the EU-15 as a single region of low risk for CSF, but not
require that at least 6 months elapse after eradication of a disease
outbreak in the region before the importation of swine and swine
products into the United States could resume. This alternative would
forfeit the additional sanitary assurance that the 6-month period is
intended to provide to the U.S. swine industry that the reestablished
imports would be CSF-free. We believe that this proposed rule would be
preferable in allowing resumption of imports in a timelier manner,
while ensuring that sanitary standards are maintained. As noted above,
we invite public comment on this proposed rule, including comment on
how the proposed rule could be modified to reduce expected costs or
burdens for small entities consistent with its objectives. Any comment
suggesting changes to the proposed criteria should be supported by an
explanation of why the changes should be made.
Expected Effects of the Proposed Rule
This proposed rule could affect U.S. imports of swine, pork and
pork products, and swine semen from the EU-15 in several ways. One of
the effects would be potential additional restrictions on the
importation of swine semen from certain EU-15 Member States.
Additionally, the regulatory process used to establish import
restrictions for areas affected by CSF, and to remove those
restrictions when the disease is eliminated, would be simplified and
made timelier. We believe the proposed rule would also result in more
efficient use of APHIS resources. These areas of potential effects are
discussed in turn.
Change in Swine Semen Requirements
The EU-15 consists of the following Member States: Austria,
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg,
the Netherlands, Portugal, the Republic of Ireland, Spain, Sweden, and
the United Kingdom. APHIS considered five of the Member States--
Denmark, Finland, the Republic of Ireland, Sweden, and the United
Kingdom--to be free of CSF even before publication of our April 2003
final rule. In that final rule, we recognized--with the exception of
specified regions in Germany and Italy--the countries of Austria,
Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, and Portugal as a
single region in which CSF is not known to exist. That final rule also
set forth conditions under which breeding swine, pork and pork
products, and swine semen could be imported into the United States from
that region.
The remaining three Member States-France, Luxembourg, and Spain-as
well as specified regions in Germany and in Italy, were not included in
the region recognized by the final rule because of outbreaks of CSF
either before or after publication of the June 1999 proposed rule on
which the April 2003 final rule was based. However, as discussed above,
we published a final rule in the Federal Register in April 2004 that
recognized France and Spain as part of the CSF-free region we had
established in our April 2003 final rule.
This proposed rule would consider the EU-15 to be a single region
of low-risk for CSF. Therefore, that region would include the seven
Member States we recognized in whole or in part as CSF-free in the
April 2003 final rule (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, the
Netherlands, and Portugal), the five Member States we already
considered CSF-free before the April 2003 final rule (Denmark, Finland,
the Republic of Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), the two
Member States we recognized as CSF-free in our April 2004 final rule
(France and Spain), and Luxembourg. Under the provisions of this
proposed rule, each of the 15 Member States would be subject to the
import conditions set forth in the April 2003 final rule and to the
restrictions added in this document concerning waiting periods before
release of restrictions on zones where outbreaks have occurred. In
considering the effects of these changes, the key questions are: (1) In
what ways do the current import requirements for
[[Page 17936]]
Denmark, Finland, the Republic of Ireland, Sweden, and the United
Kingdom differ from the import requirements set forth in this proposed
rule; and (2) what effects would result for those five Member States
due to the changes in requirements for export to the United States?
This proposed rule prescribes conditions for the importation of
breeding swine, swine semen, and pork and pork products from areas
classified as low risk for CSF. Movement restrictions require that
there be no commingling of commodities intended for export to the
United States (or of the donor boars of swine semen intended for export
to the United States) with like commodities from areas where CSF is
known to exist. Movement of commodities intended for export to the
United States through areas where CSF is known to exist is permitted
only by sealed means of conveyance. Sanitary certification that these
provisions have been met is required.
Denmark, Finland, the Republic of Ireland, Sweden, and the United
Kingdom are already complying with the proposed conditions for pork,
pork products, and breeding swine, and, in fact, were meeting these
conditions before our April 2003 final rule. However, with respect to
swine semen, the proposal would require that before the semen is
exported to the United States, the donor boar must be held at the semen
collection center for at least 40 days following semen collection, to
ensure that the boar does not exhibit any clinical signs of CSF. This
would be a new risk mitigation measure for swine semen exported to the
United States from these five Member States.
Three of the five Member States, Denmark, the Republic of Ireland,
and the United Kingdom, have histories of swine semen exports to the
United States. From 1994 through 2002, the United States imported an
average of 2,474 straws of swine semen annually. The average yearly
share of U.S. swine semen imports supplied by the three Member States
over the 9-year period was about 26 percent. The United Kingdom was the
major source among the three Member States, supplying all of the three
Member States' swine semen exports to the United States in 5 of the 9
years.
Reportedly, donor boars are largely resident at swine collection
centers, so costs associated with the animals' maintenance would be
affected little by the 40-day holding period. A potential issue is
whether storage for 40 days before exportation would affect the quality
of the collected semen and therefore affect import demand. APHIS
welcomes information on this issue that may help in evaluating the
effect on swine semen importers.
More Timely Reestablishment of CSF-Free Status
The proposed procedure for reestablishing CSF-free status for an
area that has been under quarantine is expected to require less time
than current procedures, notwithstanding the 6-month restriction
following the last case of CSF and completion of disinfection measures.
More timely recognition of an area's CSF-free status would allow
imports of swine and swine products from the area to resume sooner than
at present. The effect of this procedural change would depend on the
difference in time required by the two regulatory approaches, and the
additional swine, swine meat, and swine genetics that would be imported
because of more timely recognition of an area's reestablished CSF-free
status.
APHIS published a final rule on May 4, 2004 (69 FR 25817-25820,
Docket No. 02-001-2) that codifies the procedures APHIS follows when a
region free of a particular disease has an outbreak and APHIS responds
to that outbreak by publishing an interim rule prohibiting or
restricting imports from that region. APHIS will reassess the disease
situation in that region, and, before taking any action to relieve or
finalize prohibitions or restrictions imposed by the interim rule, will
make information regarding its reassessment of the region's disease
status available to the public for comment. Based on that reassessment,
including comments received regarding the reassessment information,
APHIS will either publish a final rule reinstating the disease-free
status of the area, or a portion of the area covered by the interim
rule; publish an affirmation of the interim rule that imposed
prohibitions or restrictions on imports of animals and animal products
from that area; or publish another document for comment. Under
procedures in place previously, APHIS affirmed the initial interim
rule, and then conducted new notice-and-comment rulemaking (proposed
rule, comment period, final rule) in order to restore a region's
disease-free status.
The new procedures the Agency codified allow for more timely
reinstatement of an area's disease-free status, while protecting the
U.S. swine sector. We believe the rule we are now proposing would
further improve the timeliness of APHIS's recognition of changes in CSF
status in the EU-15.
As noted in the economic analysis for the May 2004 final rule,
quantities of animals and animal products imported by the United States
are relatively small in comparison to the total quantities available
domestically. In addition, the majority of the imports come from a
small fraction of the world's disease-free regions. Also, it is very
difficult to quantify the potential economic effects of more timely
recognition of changes in CSF status. We believe the major benefit of
this proposed rule would be improved trade relations between the United
States and the EU. Less than 6 percent of domestically available swine
(U.S. production plus imports minus exports) and less than 3 percent of
domestically available pork are imported. The majority of swine imports
come from one country, Canada, and the majority of swine product
imports come from two, Canada and Denmark. We cannot predict the number
of swine or quantity of swine products that this proposed rule would
affect, but they are unlikely to be significant. One or more of the
areas not yet recognized by the United States as free of CSF-Luxembourg
and parts of Germany and Italy--may be among the first to benefit from
this rule.
More Efficient Use of APHIS Resources
A third area of impact would be the effect of the proposed rule on
APHIS operations. Just as the proposed rule could enable imports of
swine, swine meat, and swine genetics to resume more quickly from areas
that experience and then eradicate outbreaks of CSF, so too would it
result in fewer site visits, risk analyses, Federal Register
publications and other rulemaking tasks for APHIS. Resources that are
devoted to tasks currently required for changing the CSF status of
areas in the European Union would become available for other uses.
As with the impact on imports, expected gains in the efficient use
of Agency resources cannot be quantified. They would be realized in
terms of the additional time APHIS staff would have for other tasks,
and would depend on the frequency with which CSF quarantines and CSF-
free status reinstatements occur within the European Union.
We believe that the benefits that would accrue from this rule--
i.e., improved trade relations with the EU through more timely
recognition of changes in CSF status, as well as increased efficiency
in use of APHIS resources--would outweigh any increased costs to
importers of swine semen from certain EU Member States that would
result from an extended waiting period between when the semen is
collected and when shipment may occur.
[[Page 17937]]
Effects on Small Entities
As a part of the rulemaking process, APHIS evaluates whether
proposed regulations would likely have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities. U.S. entities that could be
affected by the proposed rule would be swine and pork producers and
swine product wholesalers.
The size of the potentially affected entities is unknown. However,
it is reasonable to assume that most are small in size under the U.S.
Small Business Administration's (SBA) standards. The SBA defines small
hog and pig farms as those earning not more than $750,000 in annual
receipts. National Agricultural Statistics Service data on hog farm
inventories include farm size categories, including the number of farms
with more than 1,000 head. Only those swine operations with inventories
well in excess of 3,000 animals would likely earn more than $750,000 in
yearly sales. About 85 percent of 78,895 hog and pig farms in 2002 held
inventories of fewer than 1,000 head. The number of operations with
fewer than 3,000 is very likely to be much higher than 85 percent of
all hog and pig farms. An earlier Census of Agriculture (1997) had more
detail on farm size and showed that over 95 percent of U.S. swine
operations held inventories of less than 2,000 head. Clearly, most
swine and pork producers are small entities.
Likewise, swine product wholesalers are also mainly small entities.
The SBA small entity definition for these businesses is not more than
100 employees. We do not know the size distribution of meat
wholesalers, but the 2002 Economic Census indicates that the 2,889
establishments in that category had an average of 15 employees.
We invite comment from the public that would clarify the number of
swine operations and swine product wholesalers that are small entities
that would be affected by this rule.
Although the industries that would be affected by the proposed rule
are largely composed of small entities, the effects are not expected to
be significant. Imports of swine semen from Denmark, Finland, the
Republic of Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom may be affected if
the 40-day holding period for donor boars before the semen may be
imported influences U.S. demand. However, even if there is an effect,
most swine semen that is imported comes from other countries--Canada,
in particular. The more timely reestablishment of an area's CSF-free
status may affect individual entities that have arranged for imports
from that area, but, as described, such effects are expected to be
minor.
This proposed rule contains various recordkeeping and reporting
requirements. These requirements are described in this document under
the heading ``Paperwork Reduction Act.''
Executive Order 12988
This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988,
Civil Justice Reform. If this proposed rule is adopted: (1) All State
and local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with this rule
will be preempted; (2) no retroactive effect will be given to this
rule; and (3) administrative proceedings will not be required before
parties may file suit in court challenging this rule.
Paperwork Reduction Act
In accordance with section 3507(d) of the Paperwork Reduction Act
of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the information collection or
recordkeeping requirements included in this proposed rule have been
submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
Please send written comments to the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, OMB, Attention: Desk Officer for APHIS, Washington,
DC 20503. Please state that your comments refer to Docket No. 02-046-1.
Please send a copy of your comments to: (1) Docket No. 02-046-1,
Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3C71, 4700
River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238, and (2) Clearance
Officer, OCIO, USDA, room 404-W, 14th Street and Independence Avenue
SW., Washington, DC 20250. A comment to OMB is best assured of having
its full effect if OMB receives it within 30 days of publication of
this proposed rule.
Under this proposed rule, we would apply a uniform set of
importation requirements related to CSF to the EU-15 and prohibit for a
specified period of time the importation of live swine and swine
products from any area in the EU-15 that is identified by the competent
veterinary authority of an EU-15 Member State as a restricted zone.
These importation requirements would necessitate the use of
additional certification statements in connection with the importation
of live swine, pork and pork products, and swine semen imported into
the United Sates from the EU-15.
We are soliciting comments from the public (as well as affected
agencies) concerning our proposed information collection and
recordkeeping requirements. These comments will help us:
(1) Evaluate whether the proposed information collection is
necessary for the proper performance of our agency's functions,
including whether the information will have practical utility;
(2) Evaluate the accuracy of our estimate of the burden of the
proposed information collection, including the validity of the
methodology and assumptions used;
(3) Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to
be collected; and
(4) Minimize the burden of the information collection on those who
are to respond (such as through the use of appropriate automated,
electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or
other forms of information technology; e.g., permitting electronic
submission of responses).
Estimate of burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of
information is estimated to average 1 hour per response.
Respondents: Federal animal health authorities in the European
Union who will complete certificates to export swine, pork and pork
products, and swine semen to the United States.
Estimated annual number of respondents: 115.
Estimated annual number of responses per respondent: 8.695.
Estimated annual number of responses: 1,000.
Estimated total annual burden on respondents: 1,000 hours. (Due to
averaging, the total annual burden hours may not equal the product of
the annual number of responses multiplied by the reporting burden per
response.)
Copies of this information collection can be obtained from Mrs.
Celeste Sickles, APHIS' Information Collection Coordinator, at (301)
734-7477.
Government Paperwork Elimination Act Compliance
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is committed to
compliance with the Government Paperwork Elimination Act (GPEA), which
requires Government agencies in general to provide the public the
option of submitting information or transacting business electronically
to the maximum extent possible. For information pertinent to GPEA
compliance related to this proposed rule, please contact Mrs. Celeste
Sickles, APHIS' Information Collection Coordinator, at (301) 734-7477.
Accordingly, we are proposing to amend 9 CFR parts 93, 94, and 98
as follows:
[[Page 17938]]
List of Subjects
9 CFR Part 93
Animal diseases, Imports, Livestock, Poultry and poultry products,
Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
9 CFR Part 94
Animal diseases, Imports, Livestock, Meat and meat products, Milk,
Poultry and poultry products, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
9 CFR Part 98
Animal diseases, Imports.
PART 93--IMPORTATION OF CERTAIN ANIMALS, BIRDS, AND POULTRY, AND
CERTAIN ANIMAL, BIRD, AND POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS
OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS
1. The authority citation for part 93 would continue to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622 and 8301-8317; 21 U.S.C. 136 and 136a;
31 U.S.C. 9701; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.4.
2. In Sec. 93.500, a new definition of European Union-15 (EU-15)
would be added, in alphabetical order, to read as follows:
Sec. 93.500 Definitions.
* * * * *
European Union-15 (EU-15). The organization of Member States
consisting of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Republic of
Ireland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (England, Scotland,
Wales, the Isle of Man, and Northern Ireland).
* * * * *
3. In Sec. 93.505, paragraph (a), the second sentence would be
removed and two sentences would be added in their place to read as
follows:
Sec. 93.505 Certificate for swine.
(a) * * * For domestic swine, the certificate shall also show that
the entire region of origin is free of African swine fever and swine
vesicular disease and that, for 60 days immediately preceding the time
of movement from the premises of origin, no swine erysipelas or swine
plague has existed on such premises or on adjoining premises.
Additionally, except for the region consisting of the EU-15 for the
purposes of classical swine fever, for which alternative certification
is required under Sec. 94.24(b)(4), for domestic swine the certificate
shall show that the entire region of origin is free of classical swine
fever.
* * * * *
PART 94--RINDERPEST, FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE, FOWL PEST (FOWL
PLAGUE), EXOTIC NEWCASTLE DISEASE, AFRICAN SWINE FEVER, CLASSICAL
SWINE FEVER, AND BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY: PROHIBITED AND
RESTRICTED IMPORTATIONS
4. The authority citation for part 94 would continue to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 450, 7701-7772, and 8301-8317; 21 U.S.C. 136
and 136a; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.4.
5. In Sec. 94.0, definitions of European Union-15 (EU-15) and
restricted zone for classical swine fever would be added, in
alphabetical order, to read as follows:
Sec. 94.0 Definitions.
* * * * *
European Union-15 (EU-15). The organization of Member States
consisting of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Republic of
Ireland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (England, Scotland,
Wales, the Isle of Man, and Northern Ireland).
* * * * *
Restricted zone for classical swine fever. An area, delineated by
the relevant competent veterinary authorities of the region in which
the area is located, that surrounds and includes the location of an
outbreak of classical swine fever in domestic swine or detection of the
disease in wild boar, and from which the movement of domestic swine is
prohibited.
* * * * *
6. Section 94.9 would be amended as follows:
a. Paragraph (a) and footnote 10 would be revised to read as set
forth below.
b. Paragraphs (b) and (c) would be redesignated as paragraphs (c)
and (d), respectively.
c. A new paragraph (b) would be added to read as set forth below.
d. The introductory text of newly designated paragraph (c) would be
revised to read as set forth below.
e. In newly redesignated paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(C)(2), the words
``paragraph (b)'' would be removed each time they occur and the words
``paragraph (c)'' would be added in their place.
f. In newly redesignated paragraph (c)(2), the words ``paragraph
(b)'' would be removed and the words ``paragraph (c)'' would be added
in their place.
g. In newly redesignated paragraph (c)(3), the words ``paragraph
(b)'' would be removed each time they occur and the words ``paragraph
(c)'' would be added in their place.
h. In newly redesignated paragraph (d), the words ``paragraph (b)''
would be removed and the words ``paragraph (c)'' would be added in
their place.
Sec. 94.9 Pork and pork products from regions where classical swine
fever exists.
(a) Classical swine fever is known to exist in all regions of the
world except Australia; Canada; Chile; Fiji; Iceland; the Mexican
States of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa;
New Zealand; Norway; and Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.\10\
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\10\ See also other provisions of this part and parts 93, 95,
and 96 of this chapter, and part 327 of this title, for other
prohibitions and restrictions upon the importation of swine and
swine products.
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(b) The EU-15 is a single region of low-risk for CSF.
(c) Except as provided in Sec. 94.24 for the EU-15, no fresh pork
or pork product may be imported into the United States from any region
where classical swine fever is known to exist unless it complies with
the following requirements:
* * * * *
7. Section 94.10 would be revised to read as follows:
Sec. 94.10 Swine from regions where classical swine fever exists.
(a) Classical swine fever is known to exist in all regions of the
world, except Australia; Canada; Chile; Fiji; Iceland; the Mexican
States of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa;
New Zealand; Norway; and Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
(b) The EU-15 is a single region of low-risk for CSF.
(c) Except as provided in Sec. 94.24 for the EU-15, no swine that
are moved from or transit any region where classical swine fever is
known to exist may be imported into the United States, except for wild
swine imported into the United States in accordance with paragraph (d)
of this section.
(d) Wild swine may be allowed importation into the United States by
the Administrator upon request in specific cases under Sec. 93.501 or
Sec. 93.504 (c) of this chapter.
8. Section 94.24 would be revised to read as follows:
Sec. 94.24 Restrictions on the importation of pork, pork products,
and swine from the EU-15.
(a) Pork and pork products. In addition to meeting all other
applicable provisions of this part, fresh pork and
[[Page 17939]]
pork products imported from the EU-15 must meet the following
conditions:
(1) The pork and pork products must not have been commingled with
pork or pork products derived from swine that have been in any of the
following regions or zones:
(i) Any region when the region was classified in Sec. Sec. 94.9(a)
and 94.10(a) as one in which classical swine fever is known to exist,
except for the EU-15; and
(ii) During the following time periods in any restricted zone in
the EU-15:
(A) In a restricted zone established because of an outbreak of
classical swine fever in domestic swine, during the 6 months following
depopulation of the swine in the restricted zone and the cleaning and
disinfection of the last infected premises in the zone; or
(B) In a restricted zone established because of the detection of
classical swine fever in wild boar, until the designation of the zone
as a restricted zone is removed by the competent veterinary authority
of an EU-15 Member State.
(2) The swine from which the pork or pork products were derived
must not have lived in any region or zone listed in paragraph (a)(1)(i)
or (ii) of this section, and must not have transited any such region or
zone unless moved directly through the region or zone in a sealed means
of conveyance with the seal determined to be intact upon arrival at the
point of destination.
(3) The pork and pork products must be accompanied by a certificate
issued by an official of the competent veterinary authority of the EU-
15 Member State who is authorized to issue the foreign meat inspection
certificate required by Sec. 327.4 of this title, stating that the
applicable provisions of paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section
have been met.\19\
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\19\ The certification required may be placed on the foreign
meat inspection certificate required by Sec. 327.4 of this title or
may be contained in a separate document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Live swine. In addition to meeting all other applicable
provisions of this title, live swine imported from the EU-15 meet the
following conditions:
(1) The swine must be breeding swine;
(2) The swine must not have lived in any region or zone listed in
paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) or this section, must not have transited
any such region or zone unless moved directly through the region or
zone in a sealed means of conveyance with the seal determined to be
intact upon arrival at the point of destination, and must never have
been commingled with swine that were in such a region.
(3) No equipment or materials used in transporting the swine may
have previously been used for transporting swine that do not meet the
requirements of this section, unless the equipment and materials have
first been cleaned and disinfected; and
(4) The swine must be accompanied by a certificate issued by a
salaried veterinary officer of the competent veterinary authority of
the EU-15 Member State, stating that the conditions of paragraphs
(b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section have been met.\20\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ The certification required may be placed on the certificate
required by Sec. 93.505(a) of this chapter or may be contained in a
separate document.
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(c) The certificates required by paragraphs (a)(3) and (b)(4) of
this section must be presented by the importer to an authorized
inspector at the port of arrival, upon arrival of the swine, pork, or
pork products at the port.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control
number 0579-0218)
PART 98--IMPORTATION OF CERTAIN ANIMAL EMBRYOS AND SEMEN
9. The authority citation for part 98 would continue to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622 and 8301-8317; 21 U.S.C. 136 and 136a;
31 U.S.C. 9701; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.4.
10. In Sec. 98.30, definitions of European Union-15 (EU-15) and
restricted zone for classical swine fever would be added, in
alphabetical order, to read as follows:
Sec. 98.30 Definitions.
* * * * *
European Union-15 (EU-15). The organization of Member States
consisting of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Republic of
Ireland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (England, Scotland,
Wales, the Isle of Man, and Northern Ireland).
* * * * *
Restricted zone for classical swine fever. An area, delineated by
the relevant competent veterinary authorities of the region in which
the area is located, that surrounds and includes the location of an
outbreak of CSF in domestic swine or detection of the disease in wild
boar, and from which the movement of domestic swine is prohibited.
* * * * *
11. Section 98.38 would be revised to read as follows:
Sec. 98.38 Restrictions on the importation of swine semen from the
EU-15.
In addition to meeting all other applicable provisions of this
part, swine semen imported from the EU-15 must meet the following
conditions:
(a) The semen must come from a semen collection center approved for
export by the competent veterinary authority of the EU-15 Member State;
(b) The donor boar must not have lived in any region or zone listed
in paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section, must not have transited
any such region or zone unless moved directly through the region or
zone in a sealed means of conveyance with the seal determined to be
intact upon arrival at the point of destination, and must never have
been commingled with swine that were in such a region:
(1) Any region when the region was classified in Sec. Sec. 94.9(a)
and 94.10(a) of this chapter as one in which classical swine fever is
known to exist, except for the EU-15; and
(2) During the following time periods in any restricted zone in the
EU-15:
(i) In a restricted zone established because of an outbreak of
classical swine fever in domestic swine, during the 6 months following
depopulation of the swine in the restricted zone and the cleaning and
disinfection of the last infected premises in the zone; or
(ii) In a restricted zone established because of the detection of
classical swine fever in wild boar, until the designation of the zone
as a restricted zone is removed by the competent veterinary authority
of the EU-15 Member State.
(c) The donor boar must be held in isolation for at least 30 days
prior to entering the semen collection center;
(d) No more than 30 days prior to being held in isolation as
required by paragraph (c) of this section, the donor boar must be
tested with negative results with a classical swine fever test approved
by the Office International des Epizooties (World Organisation for
Animal Health);
(e) No equipment or materials used in transporting the donor boar
from the farm of origin to the semen collection center may have been
used previously for transporting swine that do not meet the
requirements of this section, unless such equipment or materials has
first been cleaned and disinfected;
(f) Before the semen is exported to the United States, the donor
boar must be held at the semen collection center and observed by the
center veterinarian for at least 40 days following collection of the
semen, and, along with all other swine at the semen collection center,
[[Page 17940]]
exhibit no clinical signs of classical swine fever; and
(g) The semen must be accompanied to the United States by a
certificate issued by a salaried veterinary officer of the EU-15 Member
State, stating that the provisions of paragraphs (a) through (f) of
this section have been met.\3\
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\3\ The certification required may be placed on the certificate
required under Sec. 98.35(c) or may be contained in a separate
document.
[Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
number 0579-0218]
Done in Washington, DC, this 4th day of April 2005.
Bill Hawks,
Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs.
[FR Doc. 05-7013 Filed 4-7-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-34-P