Federal Register, Volume 70 Issue 245 (Thursday, December 22, 2005)

[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 245 (Thursday, December 22, 2005)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 75967-75981]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E5-7690]

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Proposed Rules
Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.

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Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 245 / Thursday, December 22, 2005 /
Proposed Rules

[[Page 75967]]

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

7 CFR Part 319

[Docket No. 03-086-1]

Importation of Fruits and Vegetables

AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: We propose to amend the fruits and vegetables regulations to
list a number of fruits and vegetables from certain parts of the world
as eligible, under specified conditions, for importation into the
United States. Some of the fruits and vegetables are already eligible
for importation under permit, but are not specifically listed in the
regulations. All of the fruits and vegetables, as a condition of entry,
would be inspected and subject to treatment at the port of first
arrival as may be required by an inspector. In addition, some of the
fruits and vegetables would be required to meet other special
conditions. In one case, we propose to add a systems approach that
would provide an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation. These
actions would provide the United States with additional types and
sources of fruits and vegetables while continuing to protect against
the introduction of quarantine pests through imported fruits and
vegetables.

DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or before
February 21, 2006.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by either of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov and, in the ``Search for Open Regulations'' box,
select ``Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service'' from the agency
drop-down menu, then click on ``Submit.'' In the Docket ID column,
select APHIS-2005-0107 to submit or view public comments and to view
supporting and related materials available electronically. After the
close of the comment period, the docket can be viewed using the
``Advanced Search'' function in Regulations.gov.
Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Please send four copies
of your comment (an original and three copies) to Docket No. 03-086-1,
Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700
River Road, Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state that your
comment refers to Docket No. 03-086-1.
Reading Room: You may read any comments that we receive on this
docket in our reading room. The reading room is located in room 1141 of
the USDA South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue, SW.,
Washington, DC. Normal reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is there to
help you, please call (202) 690-2817 before coming.
Other Information: Additional information about APHIS and its
programs is available on the Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Donna L. West, Senior Import
Specialist, Commodity Import Analysis and Operations, PPQ, APHIS, 4700
River Road, Unit 133, Riverdale, MD 20737-1231; (301) 734-8758.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

The regulations in ``Subpart--Fruits and Vegetables'' (7 CFR 319.56
through 319.56-8, referred to below as the regulations) prohibit or
restrict the importation of fruits and vegetables into the United
States from certain parts of the world to prevent the introduction and
spread of plant pests that are new to or not widely distributed within
the United States.
At the request of various importers and foreign ministries of
agriculture, we are proposing to amend the regulations to list a number
of fruits and vegetables from certain parts of the world as eligible,
under certain conditions, for importation into the United States. We
are also proposing to list certain fruits and vegetables that have been
imported into the United States under a permit without being
specifically listed in the regulations to improve the transparency of
our regulations.
The fruits and vegetables referred to in this document would have
to be imported under a permit and would be subject to the requirements
in Sec. 319.56-6 of the regulations, which provides that all imported
fruits and vegetables will be inspected and will be subject to
disinfection at the port of first arrival if an inspector requires it.
Section 319.56-6 also provides that any shipment of fruits and
vegetables may be refused entry if the shipment is so infested with
plant pests that an inspector determines that it cannot be cleaned or
treated.
Some of the fruits and vegetables proposed for importation would
have to meet other special conditions. The proposed conditions of
entry, which are discussed below, appear adequate to prevent the
introduction and spread of quarantine pests through the importation of
these fruits and vegetables.
We have prepared a pest risk assessment for each of the fruits and
vegetables that we propose to add, unless we have allowed their entry
previously under a permit. Copies of the pest risk assessments are
available from the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
We propose to make other amendments to update and clarify the
regulations and improve their effectiveness. Our proposed amendments
are discussed below by topic.

Allium spp. from Canada

In Sec. 319.56-2, paragraph (c) serves as a general permit for
fruits and vegetables grown in Canada and provides that fruits and
vegetables grown in Canada may be imported into the United States
without restrictions, with one exception. (That exception applies to
potatoes grown in Newfoundland and a portion of the Municipality of
Central Saanich in the Province of British Columbia; potatoes from
those two areas are prohibited importation into the United States due
to potato wart disease and golden nematode, respectively.) In this
document, we propose to amend Sec. 319.56-2(c) to add a requirement
that consignments of Allium spp. consisting of the whole plant or above
ground parts be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by
the national plant protection organization (NPPO) of Canada with an
additional declaration

[[Page 75968]]

stating that the articles are free from Acrolepiopsis assectella
(Zeller).
A. assectella, known as the leek moth, has been reported to infest
Allium spp. in Canada and is known to be a serious pest in continental
Europe, where Italian leek infestation rates have been known to reach
40 percent. Leek moth larvae and pupae are often hidden within Allium
tops, near new growth at the crown, which is why the proposed
phytosanitary certificate requirement would apply to consignments
consisting of the whole plant or above ground parts, and not to
consignments consisting solely of bulbs. We believe this proposed
requirement is necessary to prevent the introduction of leek moth into
the United States.

Fruits and Vegetables Eligible for Entry Under Permit

Prior to 1992, APHIS did not specifically amend the regulations to
list those fruits and vegetables for which we issued a permit after
determining that the fruit or vegetable was eligible for entry under
the regulations in Sec. 319.56-2(e). However, in 1992, in an effort to
increase transparency, we changed our approach and began to amend the
regulations to specifically list all newly eligible fruits and
vegetables (i.e., those that were not previously eligible under a
specific administrative instruction or imported under permit in
accordance with Sec. 319.56-2(e)). In 2004, we began the process of
amending the regulations to list those fruits and vegetables that were
allowed entry exclusively under permit prior to our decision to
specifically list the commodities in the regulations.
In this document, we continue the process of amending the
regulations to list those fruits and vegetables that were approved for
entry prior to 1992 and that have been eligible for importation under
permit. In those cases where a permit has contained additional
conditions that apply to the importation of the fruit or vegetable
(such as a requirement for a phytosanitary certificate with an
additional declaration or limitations on the origin or distribution of
the article), those additional conditions would be reflected in the
regulations. This proposed action would serve to improve the
transparency of our regulations.
The permit requirement for these fruits and vegetables would
continue to apply to their importation, as would the requirements of
Sec. 319.56-6 of the regulations described earlier in this document.
As noted previously, some of the fruits and vegetables we would
list in the regulations would also have to meet other special
conditions. The proposed conditions of entry, which are discussed
below, have proven to be adequate to prevent the introduction and
spread of quarantine pests through the importation of these fruits and
vegetables.

Inspected and Subject to Disinfection

Section 319.56-2t lists fruits and vegetables that may be imported
into the United States in accordance with the inspection and
disinfection requirements of Sec. 319.56-6 and all other applicable
requirements of the regulations. We propose to amend that list to
include the following additional fruits and vegetables from certain
countries. All of these fruits and vegetables are currently eligible
for importation into the United States in accordance with Sec. 319.56-
6 and all other applicable requirements of the regulations. These
fruits and vegetables also meet the criteria of Sec. 319.56-2(e)(4)
and have been imported into the United States under permit since before
1992.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country of origin Common name Botanical name
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bahamas..................... Grapefruit.......... Citrus paradisi.
Lemon............... Citrus limon.
Orange.............. Citrus sinensis.
Tangelo............. Citrus reticulata.
Belize...................... Cichorium........... Cichorium spp.
Eggplant............ Solanum melongena.
Brazil...................... Cichorium........... Cichorium spp.
Chile....................... Cichorium........... Cichorium spp.
Colombia.................... Cichorium........... Cichorium spp.
Costa Rica.................. Cichorium........... Cichorium spp.
Eggplant............ Solanum melongena.
Guatemala................... Cichorium........... Cichorium spp.
Honduras.................... Eggplant............ Solanum melongena.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

We have determined that any quarantine pests that might be carried
by any of the fruits and vegetables listed above would be readily
detectable by an inspector. Therefore, the provisions of Sec. 319.56-6
for inspection and disinfection at the U.S. port of first arrival
appear adequate to prevent the introduction into the United States of
quarantine pests by the importation of these fruits and vegetables.
Paragraph (b) of Sec. 319.56-2t currently sets out any additional
restrictions that may apply to a fruit or vegetable listed in the table
in paragraph (a) of that section, such as a requirement for a
phytosanitary certificate with an additional declaration or limitations
on the species of fruit or vegetables that are eligible for entry. For
citrus from the Bahamas, we would add a new paragraph (b)(6)(i) that
would specify grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (C. limon), orange
(C. sinensis), and tangelo (C. reticulata) as eligible for importation
into the United States.
Following an outbreak of citrus canker disease (Xanthomonas citri
(Hasse) Dowson) on the island of Abaco in 2004, we began requiring all
shipments of citrus from the Bahamas to be accompanied by a
phytosanitary certificate issued by the NPPO of the Bahamas with an
additional declaration stating that the fruit originated in an area
that is free of citrus canker. Currently, the island of Abaco is the
only area in the Bahamas where citrus canker is known to occur.
Therefore, we would also add a new paragraph (b)(5)(vi) to Sec.
319.56-2t which would provide for all shipments of citrus from the
Bahamas to be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate with that
additional declaration.
The import permit for eggplant from Belize, Costa Rica, and
Honduras specifies that the eggplant may be imported in commercial
shipments only. Produce grown commercially is less likely to be
infested with plant pests than noncommercial shipments. Noncommercial
shipments are more prone to infestations because the commodity is often
ripe to overripe, could be of a variety with unknown susceptibility to
pests, and is often

[[Page 75969]]

grown with little or no pest control. Commercial shipments, as defined
in Sec. 319.56-1, are shipments of fruits and vegetables that an
inspector identifies as having been produced for sale and distribution
in mass markets. Identification of a particular shipment as commercial
is based on a variety of indicators, including, but not limited to, the
quantity of produce, the type of packaging, identification of a grower
or packing house on the packaging, and documents consigning the
shipment to a wholesaler or retailer.

Fruit From Fruit Fly-Free Areas

We propose to amend Sec. 319.56-2t to allow the entry of grapes
from Argentina, which are currently eligible for entry under permit,
provided the shipments meet the criteria set forth in Sec. 319.56-6,
were grown in an area recognized by APHIS as free of Mediterranean
fruit fly (Medfly, Ceratitis capitata) and Anastrepha spp., and are
accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by the NPPO of
Argentina. The proposed origin and phytosanitary certificate
requirements for these fruits, which reflect the current permit
conditions that apply to their importation, are necessary to assure us
that the fruits originated in a fruit fly-free area and were inspected
and found free of plant pests.
To address those cases where grapes from Argentina are grown
outside a fruit fly-free area, we would also amend Sec. 319.56-2x to
add grapes from Argentina to the list of fruits and vegetables that may
be imported into the United States provided that they are treated in
accordance with 7 CFR part 305.

Fruits and Vegetables Enterable With Treatment

We propose to amend Sec. 319.56-2x to list the fruits and
vegetables in the table below as eligible for importation, provided
they have been treated in accordance with 7 CFR part 305. The fruits
listed are already admissible under permit with prescribed treatment.
This proposed action would provide the same benefit as the amendments
to Sec. 319.56-2t discussed earlier in this document, i.e., they would
improve the transparency of our regulations. Applicable treatments have
proven effective at mitigating the risk of introducing any quarantine
pests that might be carried by any of the fruits and vegetables listed
below.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country of origin Common name Botanical name Plant parts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chile................................ Lemon.................. Citrus limon........... Fruit.
Italy................................ Kiwi................... Actinidia deliciosa.... Fruit.
Republic of South Africa............. Apple.................. Malus domestica........ Fruit.
Grape.................. Vitis spp.............. Fruit.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cichorium From Central and South America

As noted above, articles of the genus Cichorium are currently
allowed importation under permit from Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, and Guatemala. In addition, articles of the genus Cichorium
are currently listed in Sec. 319.56-2t as eligible for importation
from Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and
Peru. In this document, we are proposing to amend Sec. 319.56-2t to
list Cichorium spp. from El Salvador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay,
Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela as enterable subject to Sec. 319.56-6
and all other applicable requirements of the regulations.
In 1996, we prepared a qualitative pest risk analysis entitled,
``Fresh Cichorium endivia and Cichorium intybus for Consumption from
Ecuador and Nicaragua into the United States.'' In our assessment, we
examined potential pests associated with Cichorium spp. in Central
America and South America so that we could use our conclusions as a
basis for future import requests for Cichorium spp. from countries in
these regions. We concluded that no quarantine pests were likely to
follow the pathway and, because of the low risk associated with the
importation of Cichorium spp., that inspection was the only necessary
mitigation measure. There have been no significant developments or data
that would necessitate changing our earlier pest risk assessments
regarding Cichorium spp.
Currently, in the table in Sec. 319.56-2t, in the entries for
those Central American and South American countries noted in the
paragraph above the previous paragraph, we list only specific species
of cichorium (e.g., chicory) as eligible for importation. In order to
make our regulations more clear and consistent, we also propose to
amend Sec. 319.56-2t by removing the common name entries under
Argentina for endive, Bolivia for Belgian endive, Ecuador for
radicchio, Honduras for chicory, Nicaragua for radicchio, Panama for
Belgian endive, chicory, and endive, and Peru for radicchio and to
replace those common name entries with ``cichorium.'' This would allow
for the importation of additional varieties of cichorium from these
countries.

Eggplant From Central America

Eggplant from Guatemala and Panama is listed in the table in Sec.
319.56-2t. As a condition of entry in its import permit, shipments are
limited to commercial eggplant only, but we failed to specify
``commercial shipments only'' when those entries were added to Sec.
319.56-2t. Therefore, we propose to add a reference to paragraph
(b)(3), which specifies ``commercial shipments only,'' under the
entries for eggplant from Guatemala and Panama in the table in Sec.
319.56-2t.

New Zealand Spinach From Israel

In February 2004, at the request of Israel, we prepared a pest risk
analysis entitled, ``Importation of New Zealand Spinach, (Tetragonia
tetragonioides) Palas., from Israel into the United States.'' In that
document, we identified several pests associated with New Zealand
Spinach that were known to exist in Israel, including nematodes,
bacteria, and fungi. We determined that there was a low risk associated
with these pests because they were either already established in the
United States or they were not likely to follow the pathway from Israel
to the United States. We concluded that inspection at the port of entry
was the only necessary mitigation measure. Therefore, we propose to
amend Sec. 319.56-2t by adding New Zealand spinach from Israel to the
list of commodities eligible for importation into the United States.

Citrus From New Zealand

We propose to amend Sec. 319.56-2t by adding an entry for
commercial citrus from New Zealand. We have prepared a pest risk
assessment and a risk management document for Citrus spp. from New
Zealand and identified Cnephasia jactatana, Coscinoptycha improbana,
Ctenopseustis obliquana, Epiphyas postvittana, Planotortrix excessana,
and Pezothrips kellyanus as

[[Page 75970]]

pests of concern for citrus with a medium risk of introduction. In the
risk management document, we described a single set of mitigation
measures for all six pests. The mitigation measures, which are
discussed below, are also part of the existing Australian citrus import
program described in Sec. 319.56-2v. Australia and New Zealand have
similar climates and citrus is subject to similar pests in both
countries and these measures have been effective at mitigating the risk
of introducing pests of concern on Australian citrus. Therefore, we
believe the same mitigation measures used for Australian citrus would
mitigate the risk of introducing quarantine pests on New Zealand citrus
also.
In the entry we would add for New Zealand citrus in the table in
Sec. 319.56-2t, a reference to paragraph (b)(3) of that section, which
states ``commercial shipments only.'' We would allow only the
importation of commercial shipments of citrus from New Zealand because
Cnephasia jactatana, Coscinoptycha improbana, Ctenopseustis obliquana,
Epiphyas postvittana, and Planotortrix excessana are surface feeders
that would be readily removed by the commercial post-harvest
processing, which includes washing, brushing, sanitizing dips, waxing,
and drying. Fruit are inspected after washing/brushing, and any fruit
with unacceptable feeding damage or that are visibly infested with the
larvae of any of the surface feeding pests are culled at this stage.
Standard post-harvest processes for commercially produced fruit would
also remove larval and adult P. kellyanus on the surface of the fruit.
P. kellyanus is an early season problem with anecdotal evidence
indicating that fruit becomes relatively resistant to P. kellyanus once
the calyx closes up; however, there is no information available about
the likelihood of eggs being present in fruit at the time of harvest.
Although the species has been reported to lay eggs within the epidermis
of green fruit in a laboratory situation, it is not known if eggs are
laid in mature fruit under natural conditions. Oviposition, when it
does occur, is shallow and the sanitizing agents used and heat (up to
48 [deg]C) treatment during standard post-harvest processing would
render non-viable most eggs that might be present in the harvested
fruit. In addition, there is evidence that wax treatments, when used in
combination with the other post-harvest processes discussed in this
paragraph, provide significant control of adult arthropods in fruit
crops (e.g., Brevipalpus chilensis in cherimoyas and citrus).
In addition, we would amend paragraph (b) of Sec. 319.56-2t by
adding a new paragraph (b)(5)(vii), which would require all shipments
of citrus from New Zealand to be accompanied by a phytosanitary
certificate issued by the country's NPPO with an additional declaration
stating that the fruit in the shipment has been inspected and found
free of Cnephasia jactatana, Coscinoptycha improbana, Ctenopseustis
obliquana, Epiphyas postvittana, Planotortrix excessana, and Pezothrips
kellyanus. The phytosanitary certificate would provide additional
security that the fruit has been inspected prior to shipment and that
the post-harvest procedures have been effective at removing all
quarantine pests.
Paragraph (b)(5)(vii) would also provide for an additional
inspection at the port of entry consisting of a biometric sampling at a
rate of 100 percent of 30 boxes, taken randomly throughout the
shipment. This inspection would also include an examination of the box
for hitchhiking pests. We believe that the post-harvest procedures,
phytosanitary certificate, and port-of-entry inspection would
effectively mitigate the risk of introducing the pests of concern into
the United States.

Pineapples From South Africa

We currently allow pineapples from South Africa entry into all
States, except Hawaii, and territories without restrictions, but the
pest risk assessment entitled ``Importation of Pineapple Fruit (Ananas
comosus) from South Africa into the Continental United States'' (March
1997) only evaluated the risks associated with the importation of South
African pineapples into the continental United States. This oversight
has recently come to our attention and in order to correct it, we would
amend the entry for pineapples from South Africa in the table in Sec.
319.56-2t by adding a reference to a new paragraph (b)(2)(v), which
would limit distribution to the continental United States only and
require shipments to be labeled accordingly.

Miscellaneous Changes to Sec. Sec. 319.56-2t and 319.56-2x

We propose to make several nomenclature changes to commodities
listed in Sec. Sec. 319.56-2t and 319.56-2x. These changes would more
accurately describe each commodity, are more universally understood,
and would allow for easier identification at ports of entry. In Sec.
319.56-2t, we propose to change the common name of chard from the
Republic of Korea to Swiss chard and to change the plant part entry to
read ``leaf and stem'' instead of ``leaf.'' We also propose to change
the botanical name for Swiss chard from Peru from Beta vulgaris to Beta
vulgaris subsp. cicla. In Sec. 319.56-2x, we propose to amend the
entry for El Salvador by changing the common name for garden bean to
green bean.
We also propose to make nonsubstantive changes to Sec. 319.56-2t
for clarity. We propose to revise the plant parts entries for rambutan,
longan, and litchi to include ``cluster;'' for bananas from Mexico to
read ``flower and leaf'' instead of ``flower and fruit;'' for loroco
from El Salvador and Nicaragua to read ``flower and leaf;'' and for
cassava from Sierra Leone to read ``leaf and root.''
In Sec. 319.56-2x, we would amend all entries for litchis and
longan to include ``cluster'' under the plant parts heading.

Tomatoes From Chile

Currently, the regulations in Sec. 319.56-2dd(d) provide for
tomatoes from Chile to be imported only if treated for Medfly, the
fruit fly Rhagoletis tomatis, and tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) with
methyl bromide in accordance with 7 CFR part 305. In March 2005, in an
effort to develop alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation, we
prepared a pest risk analysis entitled, ``Importation of Fresh Tomato
Fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) from Chile into the United
States.'' The risk analysis evaluated the efficacy of a systems
approach against Medfly, Rhagoletis tomatis, Tuta absoluta, and
Liriomyza huidobrensis, a leafminer. A systems approach is defined as a
set of phytosanitary procedures, at least two of which have an
independent effect in mitigating pest risk associated with the movement
of commodities, whereby fruits and vegetables may be imported into the
United States from countries that are not free of certain pests.
We propose to amend Sec. 319.56-2dd by reorganizing paragraph (d)
and by adding a new paragraph (d)(2) which would set forth provisions
of a systems approach for tomatoes from all regions in Chile. The
regulations in Sec. 319.56-2dd currently provide for the importation
of tomatoes from Spain, France, and Morocco into the United States
under a similar systems approach. Since the implementation of the
systems approach, pest interceptions associated with tomatoes from
Spain and France have been low, which demonstrate the effectiveness of
the systems approach. The provisions of the systems approach, described
below,

[[Page 75971]]

would include mitigation measures for Medfly, Rhagoletis tomatis, Tuta
absoluta, and Liriomyza huidobrensis.
Under paragraph (d)(2)(i) of the proposed regulations, we would
require all production sites to be approved and registered with the
NPPO of Chile. Initial approval of production sites would be done by
APHIS and the NPPO of Chile. The NPPO of Chile would be required to
visit and inspect the sites monthly starting 2 months before harvest
and continuing through the end of the shipping season. APHIS could
monitor the production sites at any time during this period.
Paragraph (d)(2)(ii) would require tomato production sites to
consist of pest exclusionary greenhouses, which would be required to
have self-closing double doors and have all other openings and vents
covered with 1.6 mm (or less) screening.
Under paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of the proposed regulations, production
sites located in a region of Chile where Medfly occurs would have to
conduct trapping for Medfly; this trapping would not be required for
Medfly-free regions of the country. Medfly free areas of Chile are
listed in Sec. 319.56-2, paragraph (j). Where trapping is necessary,
we would require McPhail traps with an approved protein bait be placed
inside greenhouses at a density of 4 traps/10 ha, with a minimum of at
least 2 traps per greenhouse. We would also require a minimum of 10
traps with trimedlure to be placed inside a buffer area 500 meters wide
around the registered production site, at a density of 1 trap/10 ha. At
least one of these traps would have to be near a greenhouse. All traps
would have to be checked on a weekly basis.
Production sites would have to maintain Medfly prevalence levels of
0.7 fly/trap/week (F/T/W) or less for 2 months before harvest and
throughout the harvest season in order to maintain their registration.
If the F/T/W exceeds this level, the production site would be
prohibited from shipping under the systems approach until APHIS and the
NPPO of Chile agree that risk mitigation has been achieved.
Production sites in all areas of Chile would be required to put in
place mitigation measures for Rhagoletis tomatis, Tuta absoluta, and
Liriomyza huidobrensis.
Under paragraph (d)(2)(iv), all registered production sites would
have to conduct trapping for Rhagoletis tomatis. We would require
McPhail traps with an approved protein bait be placed inside
greenhouses at a density of 4 traps/10 ha, with a minimum of at least 2
traps per greenhouse. We would require only the use of a protein bait
approved for R. tomatis inside greenhouses because the bait is strong
enough to attract both fruit flies if they are present inside
greenhouses without attracting additional Medflies from outside of
greenhouses. Therefore, it would be unnecessary to duplicate the
trapping protocol for greenhouses in areas where Medfly is known to
occur. We would require McPhail traps with an approved protein bait be
placed in the area surrounding the production site. Traps would have to
be placed inside a 500 meter buffer zone at a density of 1 trap/10 ha
for a minimum of 10 traps. At least one of the traps would have to be
near a greenhouse. All traps would have to be checked on a weekly
basis. There is only one approved bait for R. tomatis and it is a weak
lure for Medfly. While this bait would be sufficient to attract Medfly
in the confines of a greenhouse, it would not be strong enough to
attract Medfly in the open areas surrounding a greenhouse. Therefore,
it would be necessary to use separate traps for both Medfly and R.
tomatis in areas surrounding production sites in areas where Medfly
exists.
If within 30 days of harvest a single Rhagoletis tomatis is
captured inside the greenhouse or in a consignment or if two R. tomatis
are captured or detected in the buffer zone, shipments from the
production site would be suspended until APHIS and the NPPO of Chile
determine that risk mitigation is achieved.
Paragraph (d)(2)(v) would require that registered production sites
conduct regular inspections for Tuta absoluta throughout the harvest
season and find these areas free of T. absoluta evidence (e.g., eggs or
larvae). We would not require trapping for T. absoluta in the
greenhouses or surrounding areas because the female T. absoluta
releases a powerful pheromone that can lure males from long distances.
If within 30 days of harvest two Tuta absoluta are captured inside
the greenhouse or a single T. absoluta is found inside the fruit or in
a consignment, shipments from the production site would be suspended
until APHIS and the NPPO of Chile determine that risk mitigation is
achieved.
Under paragraph (d)(2)(vi), we would require that the NPPO of Chile
conduct monthly inspections for Liriomyza huidobrensis leaf mines and
visible external pupae or adults to maintain low populations of the
pest inside greenhouses. L. huidobrensis larvae frequently mine along
the midribs of leaves and late instar larvae and are almost always
found mining the lower surfaces of leaves or within petioles, making
them easy to identify. If L. huidobrensis is found to be generally
infesting the production site, APHIS would immediately cancel exports
from the production site until APHIS and the NPPO of Chile determine
that risk mitigation is achieved. We believe these inspections would
successfully mitigate the risk associated with L. huidobrensis because
the mines are easy to detect in visual inspections.
Under paragraph (d)(2)(vii), we would require that all traps in
registered sites be placed at least 2 months prior to the harvest and
be maintained through the harvest season. We would also require traps
to be monitored and serviced weekly.
Under paragraph (d)(2)(viii), we would require the NPPO of Chile to
maintain records of trap placement, checking of traps, and of any
Rhagoletis tomatis or Tuta absoluta captures for 1 year for APHIS
review. The NPPO of Chile would be required to maintain an APHIS
approved quality control program to monitor or audit the trapping
program. APHIS would have to be notified when a production site is
removed from or added to the program.
Paragraph (d)(2)(ix) would require the tomatoes be packed within 24
hours of harvest in a pest exclusionary packinghouse and be safeguarded
by a pest-proof screen or plastic tarpaulin while in transit to the
packinghouse and while awaiting packing. In addition tomatoes, would
have to be packed in insect-proof cartons or containers or covered with
insect-proof mesh or plastic tarpaulin, for transit to the United
States, which would have to remain intact until arrival in the United
States. These requirements would safeguard harvested fruit from
infestation as well as deter additional pests that may hitchhike with
the shipment.
Under paragraph (d)(2)(x) we would require the packinghouse to only
accept fruit from registered approved production sites during the time
the packinghouse is in use for exporting fruit to the United States.
This measure would ensure that fruit grown and harvested under the
systems approach would not be exposed to potentially infested fruit
from unregistered groves.
Finally, paragraph (d)(2)(xi) would require each shipment of
tomatoes to be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by the
NPPO of Chile with an additional declaration, ``These tomatoes were
grown in an approved production site in Chile.'' In addition, we would
require each shipment box to

[[Page 75972]]

be labeled with the identity of the production site.

Mangoes From Philippines

Section 319.56-2ii contains administrative instructions to provide
for the importation of mangoes from the Phillippines. Currently, only
mangos from the island of Guimaras are allowed importation into the
United States because it is the only area in the Philippines that is
free of mango seed weevil, a quarantine pest. We have determined that
mangos can be safely imported from most areas of the Philippines into
Guam and Hawaii because the mango seed weevil is already present in
those areas. Therefore, we propose to amend Sec. 319.56-2ii to allow
mangos to be imported from all areas of the Philippines, except the
island of Palawan, into Guam and Hawaii. The island of Palawan is an
exception because the pulp seed weevil is present there, a pest that is
not known to exist in the United States. Shipments would be allowed
importation into Guam and Hawaii provided that they are labeled ``For
distribution in Guam and Hawaii only.'' We would also require shipments
of mangoes originating from those additional islands of the Philippines
to meet all other provisions set forth in Sec. 319.56-2ii, which
include vapor heat treatment for fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera,
inspection in either the Philippines or the port of first arrival in
the United States, and a phytosanitary certificate stating that the
shipment has been treated for fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera in
accordance with paragraph (b) of Sec. 319.56-2ii.

Miscellaneous

We propose to amend Sec. 319.56-1 by adding a definition of
national plant protection organization (NPPO). Our proposed definition
is the same as that provided in the International Plant Protection
Convention's Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms.

Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act

This proposed rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12866.
The rule has been determined to be not significant for the purposes of
Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has not been reviewed by the
Office of Management and Budget.
In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 603, we have performed an initial
regulatory flexibility analysis, which is set out below, regarding the
economic effects of this proposed rule on small entities. Based on the
information we have, there is no reason to conclude that adoption of
this proposed rule would result in any significant economic effect on a
substantial number of small entities. However, we do not currently have
all of the data necessary for a comprehensive analysis of the effects
of this proposed rule on small entities that may incur benefits or
costs from the implementation of this proposed rule.
Under the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701-7772), the Secretary
of Agriculture is authorized to regulate the importation of plants,
plant products, and other articles to prevent the introduction of plant
pests into the United States or the dissemination of plant pests within
the United States.
We propose to amend the fruits and vegetables regulations to list a
number of fruits and vegetables from certain parts of the world as
eligible, under specified conditions, for importation into the United
States. Many of these fruits and vegetables are already being imported
under permit, but are not specifically listed in the regulations. All
of the fruits and vegetables, as a condition of entry, would be
inspected and subject to treatment at the port of first arrival as may
be required by an inspector. In addition, some of the fruits and
vegetables would be required to be treated or meet other special
conditions. We also propose to eliminate or modify existing treatment
requirements for specified commodities and make other miscellaneous
changes. These actions would improve the transparency of our
regulations while continuing to protect against the introduction of
quarantine pests through imported fruits and vegetables.

Impact on Small Entities

The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires agencies to consider the
economic impact of their regulations on small entities and to use
flexibility to provide regulatory relief when regulations create
economic disparities between differently sized entities. Data on the
number and size of U.S. producers of the various commodities proposed
for importation into the United States in this document are not
available. However, since most fruit and vegetable farms are small by
Small Business Administration standards, it is likely that the majority
of U.S. farms producing the commodities listed below are small
entities.
As previously stated, many of the commodities listed in this
document may currently enter the United States under permit. Therefore,
we do not expect the amount of many commodities submitted for
importation to increase beyond current levels. Additionally, in many
cases, importation of certain commodities is necessary given that the
commodities are not grown extensively in the United States (e.g.,
chicory, kiwis, and mangoes). In other instances, importation augments
domestic supplies that are not sufficient to meet consumer demand
(e.g., apples, garlic, and onions).

Grapes and Cichorium From Argentina

Grapes from Argentina are already admissible under permit into the
United States. The United States imports an average of 490,000 tons of
grapes (7 percent of its domestic supply) per year to satisfy its
domestic demand for consumption.\1\ However, less than 1 percent of
these imports originate in Argentina. The growing season for grapes in
Argentina is opposite of that in the United States, thereby
complementing rather than competing with U.S. grape production.
Therefore, even if we assume that Argentina greatly increases its
exports of grapes to the United States, it is more likely to displace
other countries' share of U.S. imports than to affect the level of U.S.
consumption of domestic grapes. The economic impact on the level of
U.S. grape consumption and production resulting from this proposed
change is expected to be small.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\1\ FAOSTAT for production data. USDA/FAS Global Agricultural
Trade System using data from the U.N. Statistical Office. Trade
Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule for trade data.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

With respect to cichorium, no official production data are
available in either the United States or Argentina. Therefore, we
assume that both the United States and Argentina are small commercial
producers of cichorium. Between 2000 and 2003, U.S. imports of fresh
cichorium averaged 3.8 thousand tons of a non-witloof variety and 2.5
thousand tons of a witloof variety; none of these imports originated in
Argentina.\2\ Between 2000 and 2003, Argentina's exports of cichorium
to the world as a whole averaged 7 metric tons annually. Even if all of
these exports were directed to the United States, they would only
represent 0.11 percent of U.S. demand for imported cichorium. The
economic impact resulting from this proposed change is not expected to
be substantial.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\2\ FAOSTAT for production data. USDA/FAS Global Agricultural
Trade System using data from the U.N. Statistical Office. Trade
Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HS: 070529 non-witloof variety of
chicory, and 070521 fresh chicory of witloof variety).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Allium spp. From Canada

Alliaceous vegetables (i.e., onions, shallots, leeks, and garlic)
from Canada can be imported into the United States

[[Page 75973]]

under the general permit in Sec. 319.56-2(c) for articles from Canada.
Between 2000 and 2003, Canada supplied 19 percent of annual U.S.
imports of shallots and onions, 3 percent of U.S. imports of leeks and
0.62 percent of U.S. imports of garlic on average.\3\ U.S. imports
amount to less than 10 percent of U.S. production of shallots and
onions and less than 15 percent of U.S. garlic production. The proposed
rule would add, as a condition of entry, that each shipment of
alliaceous vegetables consisting of the whole plant or above ground
parts be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate containing an
additional declaration from the Canadian NPPO that the shipment is free
of Acrolepiopsis assectella. We would not expect exporters to incur any
additional expenses as a result of this proposed requirement.
Therefore, U.S. importers/consumers of these commodities would not see
an increase in the cost of alliaceous vegetables from Canada. Even if
exporters of alliaceous vegetables from Canada were to experience an
increase in exporting cost because of the phytosanitary requirement and
pass this on to U.S. importers/consumers, the benefits of keeping the
leek moth out of the United States would outweigh such an increase in
cost. As a result, the economic impact on the U.S. level of demand for
consumption and/or production of alliaceous vegetables is not expected
to be significant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\3\ FAOSTAT for production data. USDA/FAS Global Agricultural
Trade System using data from the U.N. Statistical Office. Trade
Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule for trade data.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cichorium, Lemons, and Tomatoes (Under a Systems Approach) From Chile

Lemons from Chile are already being imported into the United States
under permit; between 2000 and 2003, 4 percent of annual U.S. imports
of lemons and limes originated in Chile.\4\ We have no reason to expect
that listing lemons from Chile in the regulations would result in an
increase in exports. Even if we assume that Chile increases its exports
of lemons into the United States, it is more likely to displace other
countries' share for U.S. imports of them than to affect the level of
U.S. consumption of domestic lemons. The economic impact resulting from
this change is not expected to be substantial.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\4\ Source of Production Data: http://apps.fao.org/faostat/agriculture/. Production data for lemons include limes. Source of
Trade Data: USDA/FAS Global Agricultural Trade System using data
from the U.N. Statistical Office. Harmonized Tariff Schedule 6
digits.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tomatoes from Chile are already being imported into the United
States if fumigated with methyl bromide. The proposed rule would
provide tomato producers with an alternative to methyl bromide
fumigation by providing for a systems approach. APHIS continues to
strive to meet the objectives of the Montreal Protocol by providing
alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation treatment for fruit and
vegetable producers. As registered producers in Chile already comply
with most of the production practices that would be required under the
systems approach, the proposed requirements would not likely result in
any additional economic burden to tomato producers. In addition,
registered producers who remain in compliance with the program
throughout the shipping season would save money on costly fumigation
treatments. Between 2000 and 2003, 0.02 percent of U.S. annual imports
of tomatoes originated in Chile.\5\ The total amount of tomatoes from
Chile exported to the world between 2000 and 2003 (all varieties) was
on average only 2,209 tons or 0.38 percent of U.S. imports. This is
Chile's maximum capacity of tomato exports and is not expected to
increase in the short term. This small amount of imports, whether grown
under the systems approach or treated with methyl bromide, is unlikely
to affect the level of U.S. consumption of domestic tomatoes. The
economic impact resulting from this change is not expected to be
substantial.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\5\ Source of Production Data: http://apps.fao.org/faostat/agriculture/. Source of Trade Data: USDA/FAS Global Agricultural
Trade System using data from the U.N. Statistical Office. Harmonized
Tariff Schedule 6 digits.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

With respect to cichorium, there are no available data on U.S. or
Chilean production. The United States imports approximately 6,000 tons
of cichorium per year. Cichorium is already being imported from Chile
under permit, and Chile is a major source of U.S. cichorium imports,
accounting for approximately 32 percent on average. Because the United
States is such a small producer of cichorium, it is unlikely that this
proposed rule would significantly alter this situation. In fact, the
addition of cichorium into the U.S. market from other countries such as
Chile would be a benefit to U.S. consumers. The economic impact on the
level of U.S. consumption of cichorium, lemons, and tomatoes as a
result of these proposed changes is expected to be small.

New Zealand Spinach From Israel

According to USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), in 2000,
the United States imported 1.5 metric tons of New Zealand spinach from
Israel (0.02 percent of U.S. imports of New Zealand spinach in 2000).
However, APHIS' Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program has no
record of these imports and New Zealand spinach from Israel is not
currently admissible into the United States.\6\ Israel is a small
producer of spinach (all varieties), producing, on average, an amount
equivalent to a quarter of total U.S. spinach imports annually. The
amount imported in 2000 corresponds to 50 percent of Israel's exports.
Even if we assume that Israel would double its exports into the United
States, it could not supply more than 0.04 percent of U.S. demand for
imports of spinach. The economic effects of this proposed change on the
level of U.S. consumption and/or production of spinach are not expected
to be significant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\6\ The United States imported spinach from Israel for the first
time in year 2000, but did not import any Israeli spinach in 2001,
2002, or 2003. Source: U.N. Trade Statistics, FAS Global
Agricultural Trade System using data from the U.N. Statistical
Office. Trade Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HS 6 Digit--070970)
spinach fresh or chilled. Source of production data: http://apps.fao.org/faostat/agriculture/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kiwi From Italy

Kiwi fruits from Italy can already be imported into the United
States under permit. The United States is a small kiwi producer that
imports almost twice as much as it produces to satisfy its domestic
demand.\7\ Italy supplies approximately 16 percent of U.S. imported
kiwi fruits, and it is unlikely that this would change as a result of
this proposed rule. Even if Italy increased its exports of kiwi to the
United States, it would most likely displace another countries' share
because the United States is such a small producer of kiwi. The
economic impact resulting from this proposed change on the level of
U.S. consumption is not expected to be substantial.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\7\ Source: U.N. Trade Statistics, FAS Global Agricultural Trade
System using data from the U.N. Statistical Office.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Citrus From New Zealand

Although FAS statistics indicate that between 2001 and 2003, New
Zealand supplied, on average, 0.006 percent of U.S. imports of oranges
and lemons,\8\ APHIS' PPQ has no records of these imports and citrus
fruit from New Zealand are not currently admissible into the United
States. New Zealand is a small producer/exporter of citrus, and the
country's exports account for less than 1 percent of U.S. imports of
citrus on average. Its total citrus production is

[[Page 75974]]

less than 8 percent of U.S. imports of citrus as a whole. Because the
United States would import such a small percentage of New Zealand
citrus, even if we assume that New Zealand greatly increases its
exports to the United States, it is unlikely to have a substantial
economic impact.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\8\ Total citrus trade data here includes the following
categories of fruits: Oranges (HS-6: 080510), mandarins (HS-6:
080520), lemons (HS-6: 080530), and grapefruits (HS-6: 080540).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mangoes From the Philippines

The United States currently imports a very small amount of mangoes
(18 tons per year on average) from the Philippines.\9\ Because the
Philippines is a significant producer of mangoes, allowing mangoes to
be imported into Hawaii and Guam from additional production areas in
the Philippines could result in mango exports from the Philippines
capturing a larger share of those two markets. U.S. mango production is
less than 1 percent of the amount the United States needs to satisfy
its domestic consumption. Between 2001 and 2002, the United States
imported approximately 100 times the amount of its domestic mango
production, with most imports coming from Mexico. Thus, allowing
imports from more islands in the Philippines would be a benefit to U.S.
consumers in Guam and Hawaii. The economic impact of this proposed
change on the level of U.S. consumption or its domestic production of
mangoes is not expected to be significant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\9\ Trade Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HS 6 Digit). Source
of production data: http://apps.fao.org/faostat/agriculture/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Apples and Grapes From South Africa

Apples and grapes from South Africa can already be imported into
the United States under permit. South Africa supplies 3 percent of U.S.
imports of apples and a little less than 2 percent of U.S. imports of
grapes.\10\ With respect to grapes, South African exports alone cannot
satisfy U.S. demand for domestic consumption. Even if South Africa
directs all of its exports of grapes (880,590 tons) into the United
States, it would be only enough to supply 22 percent of U.S. annual
demand. The economic impact of this proposed change on the level of
U.S. consumption and/or domestic production of apples and/or grapes is
not expected to be significant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\10\ Source: U.N. Trade Statistics, FAS Global Agricultural
Trade System using data from the U.N. Statistical Office. Trade
Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HS 6 Digit). Source of production
data: http://apps.fao.org/faostat/agriculture/.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cichorium From Central and South America

There are no official data available for cichorium in any of the
above countries, either on production or trade in Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guyana,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and
Venezuela. Thus, we assume that these countries are very small
producers of cichorium and that they are either not currently exporting
cichorium or are exporting only small amounts. For these reasons, we
cannot determine what the economic effects of this proposed rule would
be, but they are not expected to be significant.

Summary

U.S. importation of commodities included in this proposed rule is
not expected to have a significant economic impact on U.S. small
entities. The different production season of the Southern Hemisphere,
where many of the fruits and vegetables included in this proposed rule
are produced, helps maintain a steady supply of fresh produce,
complementing rather than competing with U.S. production of these
commodities. For those commodities that are not principal U.S.
products, the additional supply will help satisfy growing demand for
these specialty crops. It does not appear that the changes proposed in
this document would have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of economic entities. However, we invite public comment on this
analysis.
This proposed rule contains certain reporting and recordkeeping
requirements (see ``Paperwork Reduction Act'' below).

Executive Order 12988

This proposed rule would allow certain fruits and vegetables to be
imported into the United States from certain parts of the world. If
this proposed rule is adopted, State and local laws and regulations
regarding the importation of fruits and vegetables under this rule
would be preempted while the fruits and vegetables are in foreign
commerce. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally imported for
immediate distribution and sale to the consuming public and would
remain in foreign commerce until sold to the ultimate consumer. The
question of when foreign commerce ceases in other cases must be
addressed on a case-by-case basis. If this proposed rule is adopted, no
retroactive effect will be given to this rule, and this rule will not
require administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in
court challenging this rule.

Paperwork Reduction Act

In accordance with section 3507(d) of the Paperwork Reduction Act
of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the information collection or
recordkeeping requirements included in this proposed rule have been
submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
Please send written comments to the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, OMB, Attention: Desk Officer for APHIS, Washington,
DC 20503. Please state that your comments refer to Docket No. 03-086-1.
Please send a copy of your comments to: (1) Docket No. 03-086-1,
Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700
River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238, and (2) Clearance
Officer, OCIO, USDA, room 404-W, 14th Street and Independence Avenue,
SW., Washington, DC 20250. A comment to OMB is best assured of having
its full effect if OMB receives it within 30 days of publication of
this proposed rule.
In this document, we are proposing to allow a number of fruits and
vegetables from certain countries of the world to be imported into the
United States, under specified conditions. Before entering the United
States, all of the fruits and vegetables would be subject to inspection
and disinfection at the port of first arrival in the United States to
ensure that no plant pests are inadvertently brought into the United
States. These precautions, along with other requirements, would ensure
that these items can be imported into the United States with a minimal
risk of introducing exotic plant pests such as fruit flies.
Allowing these fruits and vegetables to be imported would
necessitate the use of certain information collection activities,
including the completion of import permits, phytosanitary certificates,
and fruit fly monitoring records.
We are soliciting comments from the public (as well as affected
agencies) concerning our proposed information collection and
recordkeeping requirements. These comments will help us:
(1) Evaluate whether the proposed information collection is
necessary for the proper performance of our agency's functions,
including whether the information will have practical utility;
(2) Evaluate the accuracy of our estimate of the burden of the
proposed information collection, including the validity of the
methodology and assumptions used;

[[Page 75975]]

(3) Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to
be collected; and
(4) Minimize the burden of the information collection on those who
are to respond (such as through the use of appropriate automated,
electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or
other forms of information technology; e.g., permitting electronic
submission of responses).
Estimate of burden: Public reporting burden for this collection of
information is estimated to average 1.0796255 hours per response.
Respondents: Growers, shippers, national plant protection
organizations.
Estimated annual number of respondents: 61,190.
Estimated annual number of responses per respondent: 1.83979.
Estimated annual number of responses: 112,577.
Estimated total annual burden on respondents: 121,541 hours. (Due
to averaging, the total annual burden hours may not equal the product
of the annual number of responses multiplied by the reporting burden
per response.)
Copies of this information collection can be obtained from Mrs.
Celeste Sickles, APHIS' Information Collection Coordinator, at (301)
734-7477.

Government Paperwork Elimination Act Compliance

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is committed to
compliance with the Government Paperwork Elimination Act (GPEA), which
requires Government agencies in general to provide the public the
option of submitting information or transacting business electronically
to the maximum extent possible. For information pertinent to GPEA
compliance related to this proposed rule, please contact Mrs. Celeste
Sickles, APHIS' Information Collection Coordinator, at (301) 734-7477.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 319

Coffee, Cotton, Fruits, Imports, Logs, Nursery stock, Plant
diseases and pests, Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Rice, Vegetables.

Accordingly, we propose to amend 7 CFR part 319 as follows:

PART 319--FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES

1. The authority citation for part 319 would continue to read as
follows:

Authority: 7 U.S.C. 450, 7701-7772, and 7781-7786; 21 U.S.C. 136
and 136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.

2. Section 319.56-1 would be amended by adding, in alphabetical
order, a definition for national plant protection organization (NPPO)
to read as follows:

Sec. 319.56-1 Definitions.

* * * * *
National plant protection organization (NPPO). Official service
established by a government to discharge the functions specified by the
International Plant Protection Convention.
* * * * *
3. In Sec. 319.56-2, paragraph (c) would be revised to read as
follows:

Sec. 319.56-2 Restrictions on entry of fruits and vegetables.

* * * * *
(c) General permit for fruits and vegetables grown in Canada.
Fruits and vegetables grown in Canada may be imported into the United
States without restriction under this subpart; provided, that:
(1) Consignments of Allium spp. consisting of the whole plant or
above ground parts must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate
issued by the NPPO of Canada with an additional declaration stating
that the articles are free from Acrolepipsis assectella (Zeller).
(2) Potatoes from Newfoundland and that portion of the Municipality
of Central Saanich in the Province of British Columbia east of the West
Saanich Road are prohibited importation into the United States in
accordance with Sec. 319.37-2 of this part.
* * * * *
4. Section 319.56-2t would be amended as follows:
a. In the table in paragraph (a), by:
i. Revising the following entries to read as set forth below: Under
Belize, for rambutan; under Bermuda, for longan; under Costa Rica, for
rambutan; under El Salvador, for loroco and rambutan; under Grenada,
for litchi and rambutan; under Guatemala, for eggplant and rambutan;
under Honduras, for rambutan; under Mexico, for banana and rambutan;
under Nicaragua, for loroco and rambutan; under Panama, for eggplant
and rambutan; under Peru, for Swiss chard; under Sierra Leone, for
cassava; and under South Africa, for pineapple.
ii. Removing the following entries: Under Argentina, for endive;
under Bolivia, for Belgian endive; under Ecuador, for radicchio; under
Honduras, for chicory; under Nicaragua, for radicchio; under Panama,
for Belgian endive, chicory, and endive; under Peru, for radicchio; and
under Republic of Korea, for chard.
iii. Adding, in alphabetical order, the following entries to read
as set forth below: Under Argentina, for cichorium and grape; under
Belize, for cichorium and eggplant; under Bolivia, for cichorium; under
Chile, for cichorium; under Colombia, for cichorium; under Costa Rica,
for cichorium and eggplant; under Ecuador, for cichorium; under El
Salvador, for cichorium; under French Guinea, for cichorium; under
Guatemala, for cichorium; under Honduras, for cichorium and eggplant;
under Israel, for New Zealand spinach; under New Zealand, for citrus;
under Nicaragua, for cichorium; under Panama, for cichorium; under
Peru, for cichorium; under Republic of Korea, for Swiss chard; and
under Suriname, for cichorium.
iv. Adding entries for Bahamas, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana,
Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela to read as set forth below.
b. In paragraph (b), by adding new paragraphs (b)(2)(v),
(b)(5)(vi), (b)(5)(vii), and (b)(6)(v) to read as set forth below.

Sec. 319.56-2t Administrative instructions: Conditions governing the
entry of certain fruits and vegetables.

(a) * * *

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional
restriction(s)
Country/locality Common name Botanical name Plant part(s) (see paragraph (b)
of this section)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Argentina

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Grape............. Vitis spp......... Fruit............. (b)(1)(ii).

[[Page 75976]]

* * * * * * *
Bahamas......................... Citrus............ Citrus spp........ Fruit............. (b)(5)(vi),
(b)(6)(i).

* * * * * * *
Belize

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Eggplant.......... Solanum melongena. Fruit (b)(3).

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster.. (b)(2)(i),
lappaceum. (b)(5)(iii).

* * * * * * *
Bermuda

* * * * * * *
Longan............ Dimocarpus longan. Fruit or cluster..

* * * * * * *
Bolivia......................... Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.
Brazil.......................... Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.
Chile...........................

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Colombia........................ Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Costa Rica

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Eggplant.......... Solanum melongena. Fruit............. (b)(3).

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster.. (b)(2)(i),
lappaceum. (b)(5)(iii).

* * * * * * *
Ecuador

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
El Salvador

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Loroco............ Fernaldia spp..... Flower and leaf...

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster.. (b)(2)(i),
lappaceum. (b)(5)(iii).

* * * * * * *
French Guiana................... Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Grenada

* * * * * * *
Litchi............ Litchi chinensis.. Fruit or cluster..

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster..
lappaceum.

[[Page 75977]]

* * * * * * *
Guatemala

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Eggplant.......... Solanum melongena. Fruit............. (b)(3).

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster.. (b)(2)(i),
lappaceum. (b)(5)(iii).

* * * * * * *
Guyana.......................... Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Honduras

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaf, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Eggplant.......... Solanum melongena. Fruit............. (b)(3).

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster.. (b)(2)(i),
lappaceum. (b)(5)(iii).

* * * * * * *
Israel

* * * * * * *
New Zealand Tetragonia Leaves............
spinach. tetragonioides.

* * * * * * *
Mexico

* * * * * * *
Banana............ Musa spp.......... Flower and leaf...

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster.. (b)(2)(i),
lappaceum. (b)(5)(iii).

* * * * * * *
New Zealand

* * * * * * *
Citrus............ Citrus spp........ Fruit............. (b)(3),
(b)(5)(vii).

* * * * * * *
Nicaragua Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Loroco............ Fernaldia spp..... Flower and leaf...

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster.. (b)(2)(i),
lappaceum. (b)(5)(iii).

* * * * * * *
Panama

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Eggplant.......... Solanum melongena. Fruit............. (b)(3).

* * * * * * *
Rambutan.......... Nephelium Fruit or cluster.. (b)(2)(i),
lappaceum. (b)(5)(iii)

* * * * * * *
Paraguay........................ Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

[[Page 75978]]

Peru

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Swiss chard....... Beta vulgaris. Leaf and stem.....
subsp. cicla.

* * * * * * *
Republic of Korea

* * * * * * *
Swiss chard....... Beta vulgaris Leaf and stem.....
subsp. subsp.
cicla.

* * * * * * *
Sierra Leone.................... Cassava........... Manihot esculenta. Leaf and root.....

* * * * * * *
South Africa

* * * * * * *
Pineapple......... Ananas spp........ Fruit............. (b)(2)(v).

* * * * * * *
Suriname

* * * * * * *
Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
Uruguay......................... Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.
Venezuela....................... Cichorium......... Cichorium spp..... Leaves, stems, and
roots.

* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) * * *
(2) * * *
(v) Prohibited entry into Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Northern
Mariana Islands, Hawaii, and Guam. Cartons in which commodity is packed
must be stamped ``For distribution in the continental United States
only.''
* * * * *
(5) * * *
(vi) Must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by
the NPPO of the country of origin with an additional declaration
stating that the fruit is from an area where citrus canker (Xanthomonas
citri (Hasse) Dowson) is not known to occur.
(vii) Must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by
the NPPO of the country of origin and with an additional declaration
stating that the fruit is free from Cnephasia jactatana, Coscinoptycha
improbana, Ctenopseustis obliquana, Epiphyas postvittana, Pezothrips
kellyanus, and Planotortrix excessana; must undergo a port of entry
inspection with a biometric sampling of 100 percent of 30 boxes
selected randomly from each shipment; and the randomly selected boxes
must be examined for hitchhiking pests.
(6) * * *
(v) Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (Citrus limon), orange
(Citrus sinensis), and tangelo (Citrus reticulata) only.
* * * * *
5. In Sec. 319.56-2x, the table in paragraph (a) would be amended
as follows:
a. By revising the following entries to read as set forth below:
Under China, for litchi and longan; under India, for litchi; under
Israel, for litchi; and under Taiwan, for litchi.
b. By removing, under El Salvador, the entry for garden bean and by
adding, in alphabetical order, the following entries to read as set
forth below: Under Argentina, for grape; under Chile, for lemons; and
under El Salvador, for green bean.
c. By adding, in alphabetical order, entries for Italy and the
Republic of South Africa to read as set forth below.

Sec. 319.56-2x Administrative instructions; conditions governing the
entry of certain fruits and vegetables for which treatment is required.

(a) * * *

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country/locality Common name Botanical name Plant part(s)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Argentina............................

* * * * * * *
Grape.................. Vitis spp.............. Fruit. (Treatment for
Anastrepha spp. fruit
flies and Medfly not
required if fruit is
grown in a fruit fly-
free area (see Sec.
319.56-2(j)).

[[Page 75979]]

* * * * * * *
Chile................................ Lemon.................. Citrus limon........... Fruit.

* * * * * * *
China................................ Litchi................. Litchi chinensis....... Fruit or cluster.
(Prohibited entry into
Florida due to litchi
rust mite. Cartons in
which litchi are
packed must be stamped
``Not for importation
into or distribution
in FL.'')
Longan................. Dimocarpus longan...... Fruit or cluster.

* * * * * * *
El Salvador.......................... Green bean............. Phaseolus vulgaris..... Pod or shelled.

* * * * * * *
India................................ Litchi................. Litchi chinensis....... Fruit or cluster.
(Prohibited entry into
Florida due to litchi
rust mite. Cartons in
which litchi are
packed must be stamped
``Not for importation
into or distribution
in FL.'')
Israel...............................

* * * * * * *
Litchi................. Litchi chinensis....... Fruit or cluster.
(Prohibited entry into
Florida due to litchi
rust mite. Cartons in
which litchi are
packed must be stamped
``Not for importation
into or distribution
in FL.'')

* * * * * * *
Italy................................ Kiwi................... Actinidia deliciosa.... Fruit.

* * * * * * *
Republic of South Africa............. Apple.................. Malus domestica........ Fruit.
Grape.................. Vitis spp.............. Fruit.

* * * * * * *
Taiwan...............................

* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
6. In Sec. 319.56-2dd, paragraph (d) would be amended as follows:
a. By revising the introductory text of the paragraph to read as
set forth below.
b. By redesignating paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(2), and (d)(3) as
paragraphs (d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii), and (d)(1)(iii), respectively, and by
adding an introductory paragraph heading to paragraph (d)(1) to read as
set forth below.
c. In newly redesignated paragraph (d)(1)(iii), in the first
sentence, by adding the words ``with treatment in accordance with this
paragraph (d)(1)'' after the word ``Chile''.
d. By adding a new paragraph (d)(2) to read as set forth below.

Sec. 319.56-2dd Administrative instructions: conditions governing the
entry of tomatoes.

* * * * *
(d) Tomatoes from Chile. Tomatoes (fruit) (Lycopersicon esculentum)
from Chile, whether green or at any stage of ripeness, may be imported
into the United States with treatment in accordance with paragraph
(d)(1) of this section or if produced in accordance with the systems
approach described in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
(1) With treatment. * * *
* * * * *
(2) Systems approach. The tomatoes may be imported without
fumigation for Tuta absoluta, Rhagoletis tomatis, and Mediterranean
fruit fly (Medfly, Ceratitis capitata) if they meet the following
conditions:
(i) The tomatoes must be grown in approved production sites that
are registered with SAG. Initial approval of the production sites will
be completed jointly by SAG and APHIS. SAG will visit and inspect the
production sites monthly, starting 2 months before harvest and continue
until the end of the shipping season. APHIS may monitor the production
sites at any time during this period.

[[Page 75980]]

(ii) Tomato production sites must consist of pest exclusionary
greenhouses, which must have self-closing double doors and have all
other openings and vents covered with 1.6 mm (or less) screening.
(iii) The tomatoes must originate from a Medfly free area (see
Sec. 319.56-2(j)) of Chile or an area where Medfly trapping occurs.
Production sites in areas where Medfly is known to occur must contain
traps for both Medfly and Rhagoletis tomatis in accordance with
paragraphs (d)(2)(iii) and (d)(2)(iv) of this section. Production sites
in all other areas do not require trapping for Medfly. The trapping
protocol for the detection of Medfly in infested areas is as follows:
(A) McPhail traps with an approved protein bait must be used within
registered greenhouses. Traps must be placed inside greenhouses at a
density of 4 traps/10 ha, with a minimum of at least two traps per
greenhouse.
(B) Medfly traps with trimedlure must be placed inside a buffer
area 500 meters wide around the registered production site, at a
density of 1 trap/10 ha and a minimum of 10 traps. These traps must be
checked at least every 7 days. At least one of these traps must be near
a greenhouse. Traps must be set for at least 2 months before export and
trapping and continue to the end of the harvest season.
(C) Medfly prevalence levels in the surrounding areas must be 0.7
Medflies per trap per week or lower. If levels exceed this before
harvest, the production site will be prohibited from shipping under the
systems approach. If the levels exceed this after the 2 months prior to
harvest, the production site would be prohibited from shipping under
the systems approach until APHIS and the NPPO of Chile agree that the
pest risk has been mitigated.
(iv) Registered production sites must contain traps for Rhagoletis
tomatis in accordance with the following provisions:
(A) McPhail traps with an approved protein bait must be used within
registered greenhouses. Traps must be placed inside greenhouses at a
density of 4 traps/10 ha, with a minimum of at least two traps per
greenhouse. Traps inside greenhouses will use the same bait for Medfly
and Rhagoletis tomatis because the bait used for R. tomatis is
sufficient for attracting both types of fruit fly within the confines
of a greenhouse; therefore, it is unnecessary to repeat this trapping
protocol in production sites in areas where Medfly is known to occur.
(B) McPhail traps, with an approved protein bait must be placed
inside a 500 meter buffer zone at a density of 1 trap/10 ha surrounding
the production site. At least one of the traps must be near a
greenhouse. Traps must be set for at least 2 months before export until
the end of the harvest season and must be checked at least every 7
days. In areas where Medfly trapping is required, traps located outside
of greenhouses must contain different baits for Medfly and Rhagoletis
tomatis. There is only one approved bait for R. tomatis and the bait is
not strong enough to lure Medfly when used outside greenhouses;
therefore, separate traps must be used for each type of fruit fly
present in the area surrounding the greenhouses.
(C) If within 30 days of harvest a single Rhagoletis tomatis is
captured inside the greenhouse or in a consignment or if two R. tomatis
are captured or detected in the buffer zone, shipments from the
production site would be suspended until APHIS and SAG determine that
risk mitigation is achieved.
(v) Registered production sites must conduct regular inspections
for Tuta absoluta throughout the harvest season and find these areas
free of T. absoluta evidence (e.g., eggs or larvae). If within 30 days
of harvest, two Tuta absoluta are captured inside the greenhouse or a
single T. absoluta is found inside the fruit or in a consignment,
shipments from the production site would be suspended until APHIS and
SAG determine that risk mitigation is achieved.
(vi) SAG will ensure that populations of Liriomyza huidobrensis
inside greenhouses are well managed by doing inspections during the
monthly visits specifically for L. huidobrensis mines in the leaves and
for visible external pupae or adults. If L. huidobrensis is found to be
generally infesting the production site, shipments from the production
site would be suspended until APHIS and SAG agree that risk mitigation
is achieved.
(vii) All traps must be placed at least 2 months prior to harvest
and be maintained throughout the harvest season and be monitored and
serviced weekly.
(viii) SAG must maintain records of trap placement, checking of
traps, and of any Rhagoletis tomatis or Tuta absoluta captures for 1
year for APHIS review. SAG must maintain an APHIS approved quality
control program to monitor or audit the trapping program. APHIS must be
notified when a production site is removed from or added to the
program.
(ix) The tomatoes must be packed within 24 hours of harvest in a
pest exclusionary packinghouse. The tomatoes must be safeguarded by a
pest-proof screen or plastic tarpaulin while in transit to the
packinghouse and while awaiting packing. Tomatoes must be packed in
insect-proof cartons or containers or covered with insect-proof mesh or
plastic tarpaulin for transit to the United States. These safeguards
must remain intact until arrival in the United States.
(x) During the time the packinghouse is in use for exporting fruit
to the United States, the packinghouse may only accept fruit from
registered approved production sites.
(xi) SAG is responsible for export certification inspection and
issuance of phytosanitary certificates. Each shipment of tomatoes must
be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by SAG with an
additional declaration, ``These tomatoes were grown in an approved
production site in Chile.'' The shipping box must be labeled with the
identity of the production site.
* * * * *
7. Section 319.56-2ii would be amended as follows:
a. By revising paragraph (a) to read as set forth below.
b. In paragraph (d), by adding a new sentence at the end of the
paragraph to read as set forth below.
c. By revising paragraph (e) to read as set forth below.

Sec. 319.56-2ii Administrative instructions: conditions governing the
entry of mangoes from the Philippines.

* * * * *
(a) Mangoes grown on the island of Guimaras, which the
Administrator has determined meet the criteria set forth in Sec.
319.56-2(e)(4) and Sec. 319.56-2(f) with regard to the mango seed
weevil (Sternochetus mangiferae), are eligible for importation into all
areas of the United States. Mangoes from all other areas of the
Philippines except Palawan are eligible for importation into Hawaii and
Guam only. Mangoes from Palawan are not eligible for importation into
the United States.
* * * * *
(d) * * * Shipments originating from approved areas other than
Guimaras must be labeled ``For distribution in Guam and Hawaii only.
(e) Phytosanitary certificate. Mangoes originating from all
approved areas must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate
issued by the Republic of the Philippines Department of Agriculture
that contains an additional declaration stating that the mangoes have
been treated for fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera in accordance with
paragraph (b) of this section. Phytosanitary certificates accompanying

[[Page 75981]]

shipments of mangoes originating from the island of Guimaras must also
contain an additional declaration stating that the mangoes were grown
on the island of Guimaras.
* * * * *

Done in Washington, DC, this 16th day of December 2005.
Elizabeth E. Gaston,
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[FR Doc. E5-7690 Filed 12-21-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-34-P