[Federal Register: January 23, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 14)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 3418-3429]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr23ja06-10]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
49 CFR Parts 171, 172, and 173
[Docket No. RSPA-2004-18795 (HM-237)]
RIN 2137-AD88
Hazardous Materials: Requirements for Lighters and Lighter
Refills
AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA),
DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This final rule amends requirements in the Hazardous Materials
Regulations (HMR) pertaining to the examination, testing,
certification, and transportation of lighters and lighter refills. This
action will clarify regulatory requirements and, where appropriate,
decrease the regulatory burden, while continuing to provide for the
safe transportation of lighters and lighter refills in commerce.
DATES: Effective Date: The effective date of these amendments is
January 1, 2007.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael G. Stevens or Kurt Eichenlaub,
Office of Hazardous Materials Standards, Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation,
telephone (202) 366-8553.
[[Page 3419]]
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
List of Topics
I. Background
II. Summary of Regulatory Changes and Analysis of Comments
III. Regulatory Analyses and Notices
A. Statutory/Legal Authority for this Rulemaking
B. Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Polices and
Procedures
C. Executive Order 13132
D. Executive Order 13175
E. Regulatory Flexibility Act, Executive Order 13272, and DOT
Procedures and Policies
F. Paperwork Reduction Act
G. Regulation Identifier Number (RIN)
H. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
I. Privacy Act
IV. List of Subjects
I. Background
On August 16, 2004, the Research and Special Programs
Administration (RSPA), the predecessor agency to the Pipeline and
Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA, we) issued a notice
of proposed rulemaking (NPRM; 69 FR 50976) proposing to amend
requirements in the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 CFR parts
171-180) pertaining to the examination, testing, certification, and
transportation of lighters and lighter refills. The purpose of the
rulemaking is to clarify regulatory requirements and decrease
regulatory burdens without compromising the safe transportation in
commerce of lighters and lighter refills.
We proposed: (1) Definitions for ``lighter'' and ``lighter refill''
based on the definition in regulations for lighters issued by the
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC); (2) revisions to the Sec.
172.101 Hazardous Materials Table (HMT) to include separate entries for
``lighters'' and ``lighter refills''; (3) adoption of requirements for
the design, capacity, and pressure capability of lighters that are
generally consistent with definitions in the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM), Standard Consumer Safety Specification
for Lighters (ASTM F-400); (4) revised approval procedures that permit
lighter designs to be examined, tested and assigned a unique
identification number by a qualified person authorized by PHMSA; (5)
provisions for the transportation of lighter samples; and (6) revised
packaging requirements for lighters and lighter refills.
In the NPRM, we noted the CPSC denied a petition from the Lighter
Association to require all lighters manufactured or imported into the
United States conform to ASTM F-400. Instead, CPSC urged voluntary
compliance with the standard. However, on November 30, 2004 CPSC voted
to initiate development of a mandatory safety standard to prevent
mechanical malfunction of lighters that could be based on the voluntary
ASTM F-400. CPSC determined it was necessary to develop a mandatory
safety standard to address safety concerns associated with reported
incidents involving defective lighters.
II. Summary of Regulatory Changes and Analysis of Comments
In response to the NPRM, we received seven comments from
representatives of the domestic and international lighter industries,
carrier trade associations, safety associations, and individual
citizens. In this final rule, we discuss comments submitted to the
docket, concerns raised by commenters, and the provisions of this final
rule.
Section 171.8
In the NPRM, we proposed to add definitions for ``lighter'' and
``lighter refill'' in Sec. 171.8. The proposed definition for
``lighter'' was based on the current definition found in the CPSC
regulations, 16 CFR parts 1210 and 1212, the ASTM F400-00 Standard
Consumer Safety Specification for Lighters, and the International
Organization for Standardization's (ISO) 9994:1995(E) Lighters--Safety
Specification. We proposed to define the term ``lighter'' to mean a
mechanically operated flame-producing device that employs an ignition
device, and contains a Division 2.1 liquefied gas fuel such as butane,
isobutane, propane, or mixture thereof, where the vapor pressure of the
Division 2.1 material exceeds a gauge pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia)
at 20 [deg]C. The definition includes ``cigarette'' lighters and multi-
purpose lighters. A multi-purpose lighter is: (1) A utility lighter,
that is, a lighter greater than four inches in length that may be used
to light a fireplace or grill; (2) a micro torch or torch lighter or
jet turbo lighter, that is, a high-intensity wind-resistant or wind-
proof style that has little or no visible flame that may or may not be
operated in a hands-free mode; and (3) a portable soldering or brazing
torch with self-contained fuel supply.
One commenter is concerned that the definition of lighter does not
include non-pressurized ``wick'' lighter styles containing absorbed or
unabsorbed flammable liquid fuel. The commenter asserts that these
devices are hazardous and should be classed and described as lighters
when they are offered into transportation.
The commenter is correct that, for purposes of the HMR, the
proposed definition of ``lighter'' does not include non-pressurized
(i.e., gauge vapor pressure of fuel not more than 34.5 kPa (5.0 psi) at
24 [deg]C (75 [deg]F)) ``wick'' lighter styles containing absorbed or
unabsorbed flammable liquid fuel. We agree that non-pressurized lighter
styles pose a hazard when offered for transportation in a fueled
condition. Therefore, in this final rule, we have modified the
definition of ``lighter'' to mean a mechanically operated flame-
producing device employing an ignition device and containing a Class 3
or Division 2.1 material. In addition we have added an entry to the HMT
for ``Lighters, non-pressurized, containing flammable liquid, 3,
NA1057, PG II.'' Under this final rule, non-pressurized wick type
lighters containing flammable liquid fuel are forbidden in
transportation unless the design has been approved for transportation
by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety
(Associate Administrator) under the conditions specified in Sec.
172.102, Special Provision 168. In addition, in this final rule, we are
clarifying in Special Provision 168 that a new or never filled lighter
or one that is cleaned and purged of all its fuel or vapors is not
subject to the HMR.
In the NPRM, we proposed to define the term ``lighter refill'' to
mean a pressurized container of not more than 4 fluid ounces capacity
(7.22 cubic inches) and containing 65 grams of fuel or less that does
not contain an ignition device but does contain a release device and is
intended for use as a replacement cartridge in a lighter or to refill a
lighter with a Division 2.1 (Flammable gas) fuel. The NPRM also
included the proposed capacity limitations in Sec. 173.306.
Commenters did not address the capacity limitations proposed for
lighter refills transported in commerce. However, we determined that
capacity limitations should not be included in the regulatory
definition of ``lighter,'' but are more appropriately addressed in
operational requirements applicable to their transportation. Therefore,
in this final rule we are defining lighter refill in Sec. 171.8 to
mean a pressurized container that does not contain an ignition device
but does contain a release device and is intended for use as a
replacement cartridge in a lighter or to refill a lighter with a
Division 2.1 flammable gas fuel. The capacity limitations for lighter
refills are specified in Sec. 173.306(h).
Section 172.101
We are amending the note to paragraph (c)(11) by adding the words
``lighter samples'' and by adding a
[[Page 3420]]
reference to Sec. 173.308(b)(2) for the transportation requirements
applicable to lighter samples.
We are finalizing changes to the Sec. 172.101 Hazardous Materials
Table (HMT) for the shipping description ``Lighters or Lighter
refills.'' Both ``Lighters'' and ``Lighter refills'' have the same
United Nations (UN) identification number (UN 1057). However, the
approval, special provisions, and packaging requirements are different
for lighters and lighter refills and we are therefore separating the
two articles in the HMT. To facilitate the transportation of lighters
containing flammable liquid fuel, we are adding the entry ``Lighters,
non-pressurized, containing flammable liquid, NA 1057.'' A lighter
containing a flammable liquid fuel is excepted from examination and
testing; however, a lighter containing a flammable liquid fuel must be
specifically approved by the Associate Administrator. Unapproved
lighters containing flammable liquids are forbidden in transportation
(see Sec. 173.21).
Section 172.102
Commenters did not address the revisions proposed in the NPRM to
this section. Therefore, in this final rule, we are adopting the
revisions. We are adding two new numerical special provisions, 168 and
169, to specify what may be described under the description
``lighters'' and ``lighter refills,'' respectively. Special Provision
168 specifies that certain lighter designs must be examined and tested
by a person authorized by the Associate Administrator. In addition, it
references specific paragraphs in Sec. 173.308 for determining what
constitutes a ``new'' lighter design, procedures for offering and
transporting lighter samples for examination and testing, and provides
transitional dates for the continued use of lighter design approvals
issued by RSPA or PHMSA prior to October 1, 2006. Special Provision 168
also specifies that a non-pressurized wick style lighter does not
require examination and testing, but does require approval by the
Associate Administrator to be offered for transportation or transported
in commerce in a fueled condition. This design approval will specify
the packaging and most appropriate shipping description for the device
on a case-by-case basis. Finally, Special Provision 168 codifies our
long-standing interpretation that a new or unused lighter or a lighter
that is empty or purged of all fuel or vapors is not subject to the
HMR.
Special Provision 169 sets forth requirements for lighter refills
that do not require approval (i.e., certification) under the HMR. A
refill that exceeds 4 fluid ounces or contains more than 65 grams of
fuel must be classed and described for the material contained therein,
and may not be classed and described as a ``Lighter refill.''
In addition, we are removing Special Provision N10 and relocating
the packaging, marking, and shipping paper requirements for lighters to
Sec. 173.308 (see preamble discussion under Sec. 173.308).
Section 173.6
Based on a number of recent telephone and written inquiries to
PHMSA, it appears that individuals in the lighter industry are unclear
on the applicability of the materials of trade (MOTS) exception in
Sec. 173.6 to lighters and lighter refills. While we do not believe
that specific revisions to Sec. 173.6 are necessary, we offer the
following clarification.
Lighters and lighter refills are typically regulated as Division
2.1 materials. The MOTS exception is limited to Division 2.1 and 2.2
materials in cylinders with a gross weight not over 100 kg (220 pounds)
or a permanently mounted tank manufactured to the ASME Code of not more
than 70 gallon water capacity for a non-liquefied Division 2.2 material
with no subsidiary hazard (Sec. 173.6(a)(2)). A cylinder is defined in
Sec. 171.8 as a pressure vessel designed for pressures higher than 40
psia and having a circular cross section. It does not include a
portable tank, multi-unit tank car tank, cargo tank, or tank car. The
primary packagings for lighters and lighter refills generally do not
meet the definition of a cylinder. Therefore, lighters and lighter
refills generally do not qualify for the MOTS exception in Sec. 173.6.
Section 173.21
We are revising Sec. 173.21(i) to permit unapproved lighter design
samples to be offered and transported to an examination and testing
facility under certain conditions set forth in Sec. 173.308(b)(2). In
addition, we are clarifying that lighters containing flammable liquid
fuel are not authorized for transportation in the fueled condition
unless they have been approved by the Associate Administrator. A new or
never filled lighter or one that is cleaned and purged of all its fuel
or vapors is not subject to the HMR.
Section 173.306
In the proposed rule we did not include language to exclude lighter
refills from the limited quantity exception for containers of not more
than 4 fluid ounces capacity (7.22 cubic inches or less) in Sec.
173.306(a)(1). It was our intent in the NPRM to require lighter refills
to be shipped in accordance with the new paragraph in Sec. 173.306(h).
Therefore, we are amending Sec. 173.306(a)(1) to exclude lighter
refills.
In Sec. 173.306, paragraph (h) is redesignated as paragraph (i),
and a new paragraph (h) is added to prescribe requirements for lighter
refills. Consequently, current paragraphs (i) and (j) are redesignated
as paragraphs (j) and (k) respectively. We are requiring a lighter
refill to conform to a volumetric capacity limit of 4 fluid ounces
(7.22 cubic inches) and a net mass of 65 grams of fuel. Because they
contain a release device, lighter refills may not be described as ``Gas
cartridges (flammable) (UN2037).''
Consistent with the UN Model Regulations, the International Civil
Aviation Organization's Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport
of Dangerous Goods by Air (ICAO Technical Instructions) and the
International Maritime Organization's International Maritime Dangerous
Goods Code (Amendment 32; IMDG Code), in the NPRM we proposed to
require lighter refills to be packaged in outer packagings meeting the
Packing Group II performance level. This specification packaging
requirement is currently prescribed in the ICAO Technical Instructions
for transport by aircraft and under the 13th Revised Edition of the UN
Model Regulations and Amendment 32 of the IMDG Code (both effective
January 1, 2005). Unless otherwise excepted, we proposed to require UN
specification outer packaging for lighter refills transported by all
modes under the HMR. We solicited comments on whether the requirement
for PG II outer packagings for lighter refills was overly restrictive
for shipments of lighter refills by highway and rail.
One commenter believes the requirement for Packing Group II outer
packagings for lighter refills is overly restrictive for highway
transportation. The commenter states, ``Lighter refills have been
treated as ORM-D for over thirty years. To the best of our knowledge,
there have not been any safety incidents with the transportation of any
size lighter refills. We understand the need to harmonize with
international standards. However, we see no reason for the industry to
bear the additional cost of testing and certifying to PG II when there
is no known safety reason for such a change.''
[[Page 3421]]
The current exceptions in the HMR applicable to lighter refills do
not treat lighter refills as ORM-D as the comments suggests. Currently,
lighter refills are listed in the hazardous materials table as
``Lighter refills, 2.1, UN1057''. Column (8A) of the HMT provides no
exceptions for lighter refills, and column (8B) refers to Sec. 173.308
for packaging requirements. The packaging requirements do not include a
provision to rename lighter refills as ``Consumer commodity, ORM-D.''
Thus, regardless of transport mode, lighter refills are not eligible
for the exceptions under the ORM-D hazard class and may not be renamed
``Consumer commodity.''
We do agree, however, that the proposed requirement to package
lighter refills in specification outer packagings for transportation by
highway or rail is overly restrictive given the risks posed by such
transportation. Therefore, in this final rule, non-specification outer
packagings are authorized for lighter refills offered for
transportation or transported by highway or rail as specified in Sec.
173.306(h).
In this final rule, in paragraph (h)(2), we continue to allow the
current exception from Subparts C through H of Part 172 (i.e., shipping
papers, marking, labeling, placarding, emergency response information,
and training), and Part 177, for no more than 1,500 lighter refills
carried aboard a transport vehicle (see discussion under Sec.
173.308(e)). In addition, this exception allows the use of non-
specification outer packaging meeting the general requirements of
Subpart B of Part 173.
Section 173.308
We proposed in the NPRM revision of paragraph (a) to prescribe
requirements for the design, capacity, and pressure capability of
lighters so they are generally consistent with definitions in ASTM F-
400, ISO 9994, UN Model Regulations (Twelfth Revised Edition) and the
current HMR. We proposed a volumetric capacity limit of 4 fluid ounces
for lighters consistent with limited quantity requirements for
compressed gases.
One commenter suggests the volumetric capacity limit of 4 fluid
ounces is too large. The commenter states, ``It is unclear to us why
such a large capacity was selected. If the maximum fuel quantity is
0.35 fluid ounces, the maximum fuel capacity for a lighter could be as
low as 1 fluid ounce. We suppose that acetylene torches, hobby lighters
or so-called micro-torches might have a fuel capacity of 4 fluid
ounces. However, most conventional lighters and utility lighters have a
capacity of 1 fluid ounce or less.''
Although most conventional lighters and utility lighters do have a
capacity of 1 fluid ounce or less, the capacity limit of 4 fluid ounces
provides flexibility for a variety of alternative lighter designs. The
capacity limit of 4 fluid ounces is consistent with the current
requirement for limited quantities of compressed gases in Sec.
173.306. The limit provides flexibility without compromising safety in
transportation.
In Sec. 173.308(a)(3), the HMR require a cigarette lighter or
similar device, including closures, to be capable of withstanding
without leakage or rupture an internal pressure of at least two times
the vapor pressure of the fuel at 55 [deg]C (131 [deg]F). In addition,
the HMR require each lighter design be subject to a leakage test (see
Sec. 173.308(b)(3) of the regulatory text for actual test procedures).
We solicited comments on whether the pressure test should be required,
or if it should remain as a capability measure. We did not receive
comments on this issue, and, therefore, we are maintaining the pressure
test as a capability standard.
In this final rule, we are adopting the provisions proposed in the
NPRM to require lighters containing a Division 2.1 material to be
examined and successfully tested in accordance with Sec. 173.308(a).
After the effective date of this final rule, PHMSA will no longer
approve lighter designs for Division 2.1 materials. Paragraph (a)
specifies that a person who is qualified and authorized by the
Associate Administrator under the provisions of subpart E of part 107
as limited by the conditions specified in Sec. 173.308(a)(4) may
examine and test a lighter design. Each authorized person will be
assigned a unique identification code by PHMSA to examine and test
lighter designs, and the identification code must appear on the test
report with a unique test report identifier for each design tested. The
new requirement permits testers to use the same unique design
identifier that manufacturers register with CPSC, allowing for
increased flexibility and less regulatory burden.
In the NPRM, we invited comments on whether foreign entities should
be allowed to examine and test lighter designs on behalf of the
Competent Authority of the United States. Several commenters request
amending the regulations to allow foreign entities to examine and test
lighter designs on behalf of the Competent Authority of the United
States. They suggest geographic location and citizenship have no
bearing on transportation safety. They assert that any regulation that
does not permit foreign examination of lighters initiates an
unnecessary technical barrier to international trade.
We disagree. According to the Lighter Association, approximately
fifty percent of the lighters transported in the United States are
imported. We have not been able to determine, and commenters have not
furnished data, supporting that all foreign testing facilities possess
the technical expertise and capability to adequately evaluate lighter
designs. Further, we believe that oversight of approval agencies
located in foreign countries is likely to present significant
logistical hurdles to the agency due to resource limitations.
Therefore, we would be unable to determine the adequacy of foreign
testing facilities and thus, the appropriate level of safety. For these
reasons, in this final rule, we are adopting paragraph (a)(4) as it was
proposed. We will continue to evaluate this issue as the provisions of
this final rule are implemented.
In paragraph (b) we proposed to define a ``new'' lighter design
type and prescribed the requirements under which a lighter design
sample may be offered for transportation and transported for
examination and testing. We invited comments on whether the definition
of a ``new'' lighter design needed further clarification or if it was
overly restrictive. One commenter suggests the definition of ``new''
lighter design type should be revised to be more specific. This
commenter states lighters that use the same ignition mechanism and the
same reservoir capacity to provide the same safety performance should
be considered as the same design.
We disagree. The definition does not require a lighter produced by
a single manufacturer with the same ignition mechanism and same
reservoir capacity as a previous design to be tested as a new design
unless it was altered in a way that may affect the escape (leakage) of
gas. To clarify, any lighter altered in a manner that does not affect
the escape (leakage) of gas--labeling, color, texture, etc.--is not
considered a ``new'' lighter design according to this definition.
Consistent with CPSC policy, private labelers and distributors of such
devices will not be required to maintain copies of test reports,
provided no changes are made to a device that would affect the ability
of the device to pass the specified tests. A private labeler is someone
who might place an approved device in a gift set, or someone who places
advertisement logos in the form of labels on an approved device for
resale. We are adopting the definition of a ``new'' lighter design type
as it was proposed.
[[Page 3422]]
Paragraph (b) proposed that outer packagings for lighter samples
must meet the requirements of Subpart M of Part 178 at the Packing
Group I performance level. One commenter suggests the requirement for
specification packaging at the Packing Group I performance level is not
necessary for shipments of lighter samples. The commenter states
lighter samples have historically been offered for transportation as
Division 2.1 materials in Packing Group II outer packagings. This
commenter asserts there have been no known incidents involving lighter
samples offered into transportation for testing, and requests a
revision to the packaging requirements for lighter samples to permit
transport of lighters in Packing Group II outer packagings.
We disagree. Historically, lighters, including lighter samples,
were forbidden in transportation unless the device and inner packaging
had been examined by the Bureau of Explosives and specifically approved
by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety (Sec.
173.21(i)). Unapproved lighter designs may not be capable of meeting
the specific testing and approval requirements required by the HMR.
Because the quality of an unapproved lighter is unknown, these lighters
could pose a more significant hazard in transportation than lighter
already approved. Therefore, in this final rule, we are adopting the
packaging requirements for lighter samples as they were proposed.
In the NPRM, we solicited comments on whether to incorporate by
reference transportation-related portions of the ASTM and International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for lighters, thereby
making compliance mandatory, or to include them in the HMR as suggested
methods by which the performance standard may be met. We also solicited
comments on whether the leakage test currently required by the HMR is
overly restrictive or unnecessary or whether the same level of safety
can be achieved by requiring the elevated temperature and sealed fluid
fuel reservoir leakage tests prescribed in the ASTM and ISO standards
for lighters.
Some commenters support the adoption of the ASTM/ISO tests for
lighters. They state the ASTM/ISO standards provide for an adequate
level of safety. Other commenters state the current testing required by
the HMR provides an adequate level of safety for the storage and
transportation of lighters. They also note certain parts of the ASTM/
ISO test would not be applicable to transportation (e.g., flame height
measurement and compatibility).
The Lighter Association, Inc. submitted the following comment:
The association has carefully reviewed the proposed gas leakage
test at proposed Part 173.308(b)(3). Based upon our initial testing,
the proposed test is not workable because it does not account for
the absorption of moisture into the plastic bodies of lighters. When
placed in an oven for 96 hours at 100 degrees F, the weight loss
from the burning off or evaporation of this moisture easily exceeds
20 mg. Moreover, placing the lighters in a dessicator for 24 hours
does not appear to resolve this problem. Second, we do not believe
that 100 degrees F is sufficiently high to reflect real world
transportation conditions. We believe that a temperature in the
range of 120 degrees F or higher is going to be necessary to reflect
transportation conditions. Third, we suspect that 20 mg is too low
at the higher temperatures that we are considering. Accordingly we
are requesting an opportunity to conduct further testing and to come
back to the agency no later than March 15, 2005 with a new, more
rigorous, elevated temperature test.
We have taken these comments into consideration and have determined
that we do not have sufficient data at this time to warrant a change to
the current testing requirements for lighters. We believe that the
current testing requirements may be improved to more accurately
represent transportation conditions. However, we are not convinced the
ASTM/ ISO testing requirements for lighters provide a satisfactory
alternative. In this final rule, we are maintaining current testing
requirements for lighter designs and their inner packagings; however,
we encourage persons to submit data, statistics, or alternative test
methods for further review. We will continue to evaluate this issue,
and, if necessary, may consider alternative testing procedures for
lighters in a future rulemaking. In this final rule, we are maintaining
the current leakage test requirement for lighter samples and we are
incorporating the test procedure as proposed in Sec. 173.308(b)(3).
In this final rule, paragraph (c) is amended to provide specific
packaging requirements for lighters. Lighters must be placed in an
inner packaging designed to prevent movement of the lighters and
inadvertent ignition or leakage. In addition, the ignition device and
gas control lever of each lighter must be designed, or securely sealed,
taped, or otherwise fastened or packaged to protect against accidental
functioning. The lighters must then be placed in an authorized outer
packaging at the Packing Group II performance level.
Paragraph (d) prescribes the shipping paper and package marking
requirements for lighters. Consistent with the current shipping paper
and marking requirements in the HMR--which require packages of lighters
to be marked and shipping papers to be annotated with the approval
number assigned by PHMSA--in this final rule, we are requiring the
identification code and test report identifier to be annotated on a
shipping paper, in association with the basic description, and marked
on a package, for all designs contained therein. The shipping paper
notation and package marking requirements will enable enforcement
personnel to identify the person who tested and approved the lighters
for transportation should they identify a problem with the shipment. In
addition, for transportation by vessel, a closed transport vehicle or
closed freight container must be marked with the warning statement as
currently required by the HMR, as currently required.
In paragraph (e) we proposed in the NPRM to continue to allow the
current exception from Subparts C through H of Part 172, and Part 177,
for no more than 1,500 lighters carried aboard a transport vehicle by
highway. The exception allows the use of non-specification outer
packaging meeting the general requirements of Subpart B of Part 173.
This paragraph does not, however, contain an exception from marking the
test report identifier on the outer package because of the potential
for transportation by common or contract carriage. We invited comments
on whether this exception was necessary, no longer relevant, or if its
use should be discontinued in the interest of safety.
One commenter suggests that the requirement to mark the test report
identifier on the outside of a package under the exception for 1,500
lighters or less in Sec. 173.308(e)(1) should be removed. This
commenter states, ``This requirement has always been problematic since
typically persons transporting 1,500 lighters or less are distributors,
who carry several different brands of lighters. They do not know when
they order their boxes or plastic totes what lighters will be shipped
in the outer packaging. Thus, they are faced with the dilemma of
arbitrarily picking one T number, or putting several on the
packaging.''
We agree. However, under this exception, the test report identifier
marking is the only information available to enforcement personnel and
carriers to identify the types of lighters that are contained in a
package and to ascertain whether the lighters have been examined in
accordance with the HMR. Distributors should be aware of the test
report identifiers for each design type in
[[Page 3423]]
their inventory. We agree that marking the outside of the packaging may
impose an unnecessary burden on distributors; however, we still believe
that some record of the test report identifiers for lighters
transported in a package must be available to enforcement personnel and
carriers during transportation. Therefore, as an alternative to marking
the package, we are allowing a list of test report identifiers to be
included inside, or attached to the outside of a package as a means of
complying with the requirement.
Another commenter is concerned the exception from the shipping
paper requirement would make it difficult for the carrier to comply
with the requirement for less than 1,500 lighters carried on a single
transport vehicle. This commenter suggests that many carriers rely on
the shipping papers to determine compliance with the hazmat
regulations. The commenter suggests that a carrier that picks up
multiple shipments from different shippers may not be aware that it has
exceeded the 1,500 lighter limit.
We disagree. The exception in Sec. 173.308(e)(1) still requires
shippers to mark the outer packaging with the number of lighters
contained in the package; thus, a carrier should know whether it has
exceeded the 1,500 limit. Although we except shippers from the shipping
paper requirements, a carrier may develop an agreement with its
customers requiring them to provide the driver with information on the
quantity of lighters that they are offering into transportation.
One commenter suggests revisions to the exception in Sec.
173.308(e)(1) requiring a person transporting lighters under that
exception to be specifically informed of the requirements of that
section. This commenter states it is unnecessary and burdensome to
train drivers in aspects of Sec. 173.308(e)(1) that apply to shippers.
We disagree. Under the exception, we are providing relief from the
formal training requirements in Subpart H to Part 172. The requirement
for training in Sec. 173.308(e)(1) simply requires persons who carry
lighters in accordance with the exception to be informed of the
requirements. To ensure safety and compliance it is necessary for both
shippers and carriers to be informed of all of the exception
requirements.
Based on the lower level of risk posed by limited numbers of
lighters, we are allowing additional exceptions for the private
carriage of lighters in paragraph (e)(2). This exception allows
lighters to be transported by private carriers in non-specification
rigid outer packagings where the outer package contains 300 or fewer
lighters. The total number of lighters that may be transported on a
single vehicle is limited to a maximum of 1,500. These limits are based
on current industry practice. In addition, the test report identifier
is not required to be marked on the outer packaging.
III. Regulatory Analyses and Notices
A. Statutory/Legal Authority for This Rulemaking
This final rule is published under authority of Federal hazardous
materials transportation law (Federal hazmat law; 49 U.S.C. 5101 et
seq.). Section 5103(b) of Federal hazmat law authorizes the Secretary
of Transportation to prescribe regulations for the safe transportation,
including security, of hazardous material in intrastate, interstate,
and foreign commerce. In accordance with Sec. 5103(a) of Federal
hazmat law, the Secretary is authorized to designate a material or a
group or class of materials as hazardous when transportation of that
material in commerce may pose an unreasonable risk to health and
safety, or property. A lighter fueled by a flammable gas or a flammable
liquid is a hazardous material for purposes of regulation under Federal
hazmat law and the HMR. As described in detail in this preamble, this
final rule amends HMR requirements applicable to the transportation of
lighters and lighter refills to provide increased flexibility to
shippers and carriers while maintaining the level of safety provided in
the current regulations.
B. Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures
This final rule is not a significant regulatory action under
section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, was not formally
reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget. This final rule is not
a significant rule under the Regulatory Policies and Procedures of the
Department of Transportation (44 FR 11034).
This final rule will not impose increased compliance costs on the
regulated industry. The revised definitions for ``lighters'' and
``lighter refills'' are consistent with the definition used by CPSC and
with definitions in the ASTM and ISO industry consensus standards.
Consistent definitions will reduce confusion in the regulated community
and promote voluntary compliance. In addition, the testing provisions
adopted for lighters in this final rule are consistent with industry
consensus standards, and the packaging requirements adopted for
lighters and lighter refills are consistent with international
transportation standards. Again, consistent requirements will provide
additional flexibility, reduce confusion, and promote compliance,
thereby enhancing transportation safety.
In this final rule, PHMSA is revising requirements applicable to
the approval of lighter designs for transportation. Currently, designs
for lighters intended for transportation in commerce must be approved
by PHMSA. We receive about 100 requests each year for lighter design
approvals. Each submission costs an applicant about $175.50 for
professional, clerical, and testing expenses. There is one testing
laboratory currently authorized to support PHMSA's approval process.
The laboratory tests the lighter design and provides the applicant with
a test report. The applicant then submits the test report to PHMSA with
its application for approval. We review the application and test report
and issue an approval; this process may take two to three weeks to
complete. Once this final rule is implemented, PHMSA will no longer
approve lighter designs. Instead, PHMSA will authorize third parties to
test lighter designs and certify compliance with HMR requirements, thus
eliminating the two-to-three-week delay between completion of testing
and issuance of an approval and reducing the industry's professional
and clerical costs for obtaining an approval by about 50 percent. We
expect that between 10 and 20 laboratories will seek authorization to
grant lighter design approvals. The increased number of available
testing facilities may result in reductions in the costs associated
with performing the required tests.
In addition, this final rule excepts certain shipments from the
specification packaging requirements of the HMR; these exception
provisions will increase shipping options and reduce shipment costs.
Overall, this final rule will reduce the compliance burden on the
regulated industry without compromising transportation safety.
C. Executive Order 13132
This final rule has been analyzed in accordance with the principles
and criteria contained in Executive Order 13132 (``Federalism''). This
final rule would preempt State, local, and Indian tribe requirements
but does not propose any regulation that has substantial direct effects
on the States, the relationship between the national government and the
States, or the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. Therefore, the
[[Page 3424]]
consultation and funding requirements of Executive Order 13132 do not
apply.
The Federal hazardous materials transportation law, 49 U.S.C. 5101-
5127, contains an express preemption provision (49 U.S.C. 5125(b)) that
preempts State, local, and Indian tribe requirements on certain covered
subjects. Covered subjects are:
(i) The designation, description, and classification of hazardous
materials;
(ii) The packing, repacking, handling, labeling, marking, and
placarding of hazardous materials;
(iii) The preparation, execution, and use of shipping documents
related to hazardous materials and requirements related to the number,
contents, and placement of those documents;
(iv) The written notification, recording, and reporting of the
unintentional release in transportation of hazardous material; or
(v) The design, manufacture, fabrication, marking, maintenance,
recondition, repair, or testing of a packaging or container
represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in
transporting hazardous material.
This final rule addresses covered subject items (i), (ii), (iii),
and (v) above and preempts State, local, and Indian tribe requirements
not meeting the ``substantively the same'' standard. This final rule is
necessary to update, clarify, and provide relief from regulatory
requirements.
Federal hazardous materials transportation law provides at Sec.
5125(b)(2) that, if DOT issues a regulation concerning any of the
covered subjects, DOT must determine and publish in the Federal
Register the effective date of Federal preemption. The effective date
may not be earlier than the 90th day following the date of issuance of
the final rule and not later than two years after the date of issuance.
PHMSA has determined that the effective date of Federal preemption for
these requirements will be 1 year from the date of publication of a
final rule in the Federal Register.
D. Executive Order 13175
This final rule has been analyzed in accordance with the principles
and criteria contained in Executive Order 13175 (``Consultation and
Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments''). Because this final rule
does not have tribal implications and does not impose substantial
direct compliance costs, the funding and consultation requirements of
Executive Order 13175 do not apply.
E. Regulatory Flexibility Act, Executive Order 13272, and DOT
Regulatory Policies and Procedures
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires an
agency to review regulations to assess their impact on small entities
unless the agency determines that a rule is not expected to have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities. This
final rule will not impose increased compliance costs on the regulated
industry. Rather, the final rule incorporates current approval
procedures for the transportation of lighters and lighter refills into
the HMR and provides additional flexibility for persons seeking to
obtain such approval. In addition, the final rule excepts certain
shipments from the specification packaging requirements of the HMR;
these exception provisions will increase shipping options and reduce
shipment costs. Overall, this final rule should reduce the compliance
burden on the regulated industry without compromising transportation
safety. Therefore, I certify that this rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
This final rule has been developed in accordance with Executive
Order 13272 (``Proper Consideration of Small Entities in Agency
Rulemaking'') and DOT's procedures and policies to promote compliance
with the Regulatory Flexibility Act to ensure that potential impacts of
draft rules on small entities are properly considered.
F. Paperwork Reduction Act
PHMSA currently has an approved information collection under Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) Control Number 2137-0557, ``Approvals
for Hazardous Materials,'' with an expiration date of June 30, 2007.
This final rule imposes no new information collection and recordkeeping
requirements.
G. Regulation Identifier Number (RIN)
A regulation identifier number (RIN) is assigned to each regulatory
action listed in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations. The
Regulatory Information Service Center publishes the Unified Agenda in
April and October of each year. The RIN number contained in the heading
of this document can be used to cross-reference this action with the
Unified Agenda.
H. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
This final rule imposes no unfunded mandates and thus does not
impose unfunded mandates under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of
1995.
I. Privacy Act
Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all comments
received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual
submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf
of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's
complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on
April 11, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 70; Pages 19477-78) or you may visit
http://dms.dot.gov.
IV. List of Subjects
49 CFR Part 171
Exports, Hazardous materials transportation, Hazardous waste,
Imports, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
49 CFR Part 172
Education, Hazardous materials transportation, Hazardous waste,
Labeling, Markings, Packaging and containers, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
49 CFR Part 173
Hazardous materials transportation, Packaging and containers,
Radioactive materials, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
Uranium.
0
In consideration of the foregoing, 49 CFR chapter I is amended as
follows:
PART 171--GENERAL INFORMATION, REGULATIONS, AND DEFINITIONS
0
1. The authority citation for part 171 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 5101-5127; 44701; 49 CFR 1.45 and 1.53;
Pub. L. 101-410 section 4 (28 U.S.C. 2461 note); Pub. L. 104-134
section 31001.
0
2. In Sec. 171.8, new definitions of ``lighter'' and ``lighter
refill'' are added, in appropriate alphabetical sequence, to read as
follows:
Sec. 171.8 Definitions and abbreviations.
* * * * *
Lighter means a mechanically operated flame-producing device
employing an ignition device and containing a Class 3 or a Division 2.1
material. For design, capacity, and filling density requirements for
lighters containing a Division 2.1 material, see Sec. 173.308.
Lighter refill means a pressurized container that does not contain
an ignition device but does contain a release device and is intended
for use as a replacement cartridge in a lighter or to refill a lighter
with a Division 2.1
[[Page 3425]]
flammable gas fuel. For capacity limits, see Sec. 173.306(h) of this
subchapter.
* * * * *
0
3. In Sec. 171.11, in paragraph (d), a new paragraph (19) is added to
read as follows:
Sec. 171.11 Use of ICAO Technical Instructions.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(19) Lighters and lighter refills containing Division 2.1 or Class
3 materials (see Sec. 171.8 of this subchapter) must conform to the
requirements of this subchapter.
0
4. In Sec. 171.12, in paragraph (b), a new paragraph (23) is added to
read as follows:
Sec. 171.12 Import and export shipments.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(23) Lighters and lighter refills containing Division 2.1 or Class
3 materials (see Sec. 171.8 of this subchapter) must conform to the
requirements of this subchapter.
* * * * *
0
5. In Sec. 171.12a, in paragraph (b), a new paragraph (21) is added to
read as follows:
Sec. 171.12a Canadian shipments and packagings.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(21) Lighters and lighter refills containing Division 2.1 or Class
3 materials (see Sec. 171.8 of this subchapter) must conform to the
requirements of this subchapter.
PART 172--HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, AND
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
0
6. The authority citation for part 172 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 5101-5127; 49 CFR 1.53.
0
7. In Sec. 172.101, in paragraph (c)(11), the Note to paragraph
(c)(11) is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 172.101 Purpose and use of hazardous materials table.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(11) * * *
Note to Paragraph (c)(11): For the transportation of samples of
self-reactive materials, organic peroxides, explosives or lighters, see
Sec. Sec. 173.224(c)(3), 173.225(c)(2), 173.56(d) or 173.308(b)(2) of
this subchapter, respectively.
* * * * *
0
8. In Sec. 172.101, the Hazardous Materials Table is amended to read
as follows:
[[Page 3426]]
Sec. 172.101. Hazardous Materials Table
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hazardous (8) Packaging (Sec. 173.***) (9) Quantity limitations (10) Vessel stowage
materials ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Symbols descriptions Hazard class or Identification PG Label Special
and proper division Nos. codes provisions Exceptions Non-bulk Bulk Passenger Cargo air-craft Location Other
shipping names aircraft/rail only
(1) (2)............ (3)............ (4)........... (5)... (6)...... (7)............ (8A)...... (8B)...... (8C)...... (9A)........... (9B)........... (10A)..... (10B)
----------
(REMOVE).......
* * * * * * *
Lighter
replacement
cartridges
containing
liquefied
petroleum
gases (and
similar
devices, each
not exceeding
65 grams). See
Lighters or
Lighter
refills etc.
containing
flammable gas.
* * * * * * *
Lighters or
Lighter
refills
containing
flammable gas.
* * * * * * *
(ADD)..........
* * * * * * *
Lighters 2.1............ UN1057........ ...... 2.1...... 168............ 21,308.... 21,308.... None...... 1 kg........... 15 kg.......... B......... 40
containing
flammable gas.
Lighters, new ............... .............. ...... ......... 168............
or empty,
purged of all
residual fuel
and vapors.
Lighters, non- 3.............. NA1057........ II.... 3........ 168............ 21........ None...... None...... Forbidden...... Forbidden...... B......... 40
pressurized,
containing
flammable
liquid,.
Lighter refills 2.1............ UN1057........ ...... 2.1...... 169............ 306....... 306....... None...... 1 kg........... 15 kg.......... B......... 40
containing
flammable gas
not exceeding
4 fluid ounces
(7.22 cubic
inches) and 65
grams of
flammable gas.
Lighter
replacement
cartridges
containing
liquefied
petroleum
gases see
Lighter
refills
containing
flammable gas.
Etc.
* * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 3427]]
* * * * *
Sec. 172.102 [Amended]
0
9. In Sec. 172.102, the following changes are made:
0
a. In paragraph (c)(1), new Special Provisions 168 and 169 are added.
0
b. In paragraph (c)(5), Special Provision N10 is removed.
The additions read as follows:
Sec. 172.102 Special provisions.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) * * *
* * * * *
168 For lighters containing a Division 2.1 gas (see Sec. 171.8 of
this subchapter), representative samples of each new lighter design
must be examined and successfully tested as specified in Sec.
173.308(b)(3). For criteria in determining what is a new lighter
design, see Sec. 173.308(b)(1). For transportation of new lighter
design samples for examination and testing, see Sec. 173.308(b)(2).
The examination and testing of each lighter design must be performed by
a person authorized by the Associate Administrator under the provisions
of subpart E of part 107 of this chapter, as specified in Sec.
173.308(a)(4). For continued use of approvals dated prior to January 1,
2012, see Sec. 173.308(b)(5).
For non-pressurized lighters containing a Class 3 (flammable
liquid) material, its design, description, and packaging must be
approved by the Associate Administrator prior to being offered for
transportation or transported in commerce. In addition, a lighter
design intended to contain a non-pressurized Class 3 material is
excepted from the examination and testing criteria specified in Sec.
173.308(b)(3). An unused lighter or a lighter that is cleaned of
residue and purged of vapors is not subject to the requirements of this
subchapter.
169 This entry applies to lighter refills (see Sec. 171.8 of this
subchapter) that contain a Division 2.1 (flammable) gas but do not
contain an ignition device. Lighter refills offered for transportation
under this entry may not exceed 4 fluid ounces capacity (7.22 cubic
inches) or contain more than 65 grams of fuel. A lighter refill
exceeding 4 fluid ounces capacity (7.22 cubic inches) or containing
more than 65 grams of fuel must be classed as a Division 2.1 material,
described with the proper shipping name appropriate for the material,
and packaged in the packaging specified in part 173 of this subchapter
for the flammable gas contained therein. In addition, a container
exceeding 4 fluid ounces volumetric capacity (7.22 cubic inches) or
containing more than 65 grams of fuel may not be connected or
manifolded to a lighter or similar device and must also be described
and packaged according to the fuel contained therein. For
transportation by passenger-carrying aircraft, the net mass of lighter
refills may not exceed 1 kg per package, and, for cargo-only aircraft,
the net mass of lighter refills may not exceed 15 kg per package. See
Sec. 173.306(h) of this subchapter.
* * * * *
PART 173--SHIPPERS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPMENTS AND
PACKAGINGS
0
10. The authority citation for part 173 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 5101-5127, 44701; 49 CFR 1.45, 1.53.
0
11. In Sec. 173.21, paragraph (i) is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 173.21 Forbidden materials and packages.
* * * * *
(i) Except for a package containing a lighter design sample that
meets the requirements of Sec. 173.308(b)(2), a package containing a
lighter (see Sec. 171.8 of this subchapter) containing a Division 2.1
material, of a design that has not been examined and successfully
tested by an authorized person under the criteria specified in Sec.
173.308(a)(4) or, a lighter design containing a Class 3 material, that
has not been approved by the Associate Administrator.
* * * * *
Sec. 173.306 [Amended]
0
12. In Sec. 173.306, the following changes are made:
0
a. In paragraph (a)(1), in the first sentence, the wording ``cigarette
lighters'' is removed and the wording ``lighter refills (see 171.8 of
this subchapter)'' is added in its place. In the last sentence, the
wording ``paragraph (h)'' is removed and the wording ``paragraph (i)''
is added in its place.
0
b. In paragraph (a)(3) introductory text, in the last sentence, the
wording ``paragraph (h)'' is removed and the wording ``paragraph (i)''
is added in its place.
0
c. In paragraph (b) introductory text, in the last sentence, the
wording ``paragraph (h)'' is removed and the wording ``paragraph (i)''
is added in its place.
0
d. Paragraph (i) is redesignated as paragraph (j), paragraph (h) is
redesignated as paragraph (i), and a new paragraph (h) is added to read
as follows:
Sec. 173.306 Limited quantities of compressed gases.
* * * * *
(h) Lighter refills. (1) Lighter refills (see Sec. 171.8 of this
subchapter) must not contain an ignition element but must contain a
release device. Lighter refills offered for transportation under this
section may not exceed 4 fluid ounces capacity (7.22 cubic inches) or
contain more than 65 grams of a Division 2.1 fuel. For transportation
by highway or rail, lighter refills must be tightly packed and secured
against movement in strong outer packagings. For transportation by
aircraft or vessel, lighter refills must be tightly packed and secured
against movement in any rigid specification outer packaging authorized
in Subpart L of Part 178 of this subchapter at the Packing Group II
performance level.
(2) Exceptions. For highway transportation, when no more than 1,500
lighter refills covered by this paragraph are transported in one motor
vehicle, the requirements of subparts C through H of part 172, and Part
177 of this subchapter do not apply. Lighter refills covered under this
paragraph must be packaged in rigid, strong outer packagings meeting
the general packaging requirements of subpart B of this part. Outer
packagings must be plainly and durably marked, on two opposing sides or
ends, with the word ``LIGHTER REFILLS'' and the number of devices
contained therein in letters measuring at least 20 mm (0.79 in) in
height. No person may offer for transportation or transport the lighter
refills or prepare the lighter refills for shipment unless that person
has been specifically informed of the requirements of this section.
* * * * *
0
13. Section 173.308 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 173.308 Lighters.
(a) General requirements. No person may offer for transportation or
transport a lighter (see Sec. 171.8 of this subchapter) containing a
Division 2.1 (flammable gas) material except under the following
conditions:
(1) The lighter must contain a fuel reservoir not exceeding 4 fluid
ounces capacity (7.22 cubic inches), and must contain not more than 10
grams (0.35 ounce) of flammable gas.
(2) The maximum filling density may not exceed 85 percent of the
volumetric capacity of each fluid reservoir at 15 [deg]C (59 [deg]F).
(3) Each lighter design, including closures, must be capable of
withstanding, without leakage or
[[Page 3428]]
rupture, an internal pressure of at least two times the pressure of the
flammable gas at 55 [deg]C (131 [deg]F).
(4) Each appropriate lighter design must be examined and
successfully tested by a person or agency (authorized testing agency)
who is authorized by the Associate Administrator to perform such
examination and testing under the provisions of subpart E of part 107
of this chapter and who--
(i) Has the equipment necessary to perform the testing required to
the level of accuracy required;
(ii) Is able to demonstrate, upon request, the knowledge of the
testing procedures and requirements of the HMR relative to lighters;
(iii) Does not manufacture or market lighters, is not financially
dependent or owned in whole or in part, by any entity that manufactures
or markets lighters;
(iv) Is a resident of the United States; and
(v) Performs all examination and testing in accordance with the
requirements of paragraph (b)(3) and (4) of this section.
(5) The Associate Administrator will assign an identification code
to each person who is authorized to examine and test lighters. This
identification code must be incorporated into a unique test report
identifier for each successfully tested lighter design.
(b) Examination and testing of lighter design types. (1) Lighter
design type definition. A new lighter design is one that has never been
examined and tested or one that differs from a previous design in any
manner that may affect the escape (leakage) of gas. Lighter
characteristics that may affect the escape of gas include changes in
materials of construction, ignition mechanism, burner valve design,
wall thickness, sealing materials, and type of fuel (e.g., vapor
pressure differences).
(2) Lighter samples submitted for examination and testing. Samples
of a new lighter design are excepted from the requirements of (a)(4)
and (d) of this section and may be offered for transportation and
transported under the following conditions:
(i) The samples must be transported only to an authorized testing
agency;
(ii) No more than 12 lighters may be packaged in a single outer
packaging;
(iii) Inner packagings must conform to the requirements of
paragraph (c)(1) of this section. For transportation by aircraft,
intermediate or outer packagings must meet the pressure differential
requirements of Sec. 173.27(c) of this part;
(iv) The outer packaging must conform to the requirements of
Subpart M of Part 178 of this subchapter at the Packing Group I
performance level and to the requirements of Sec. 173.24 of this
subpart;
(v) The word ``sample'' must appear on the shipping paper as part
of the proper shipping name or in association with the basic
description; and
(vi) In addition to other required markings and labels, the package
must be marked ``SAMPLE FOR EXAMINATION AND TESTING.''
(vii) All other applicable requirements of this subchapter must be
met.
(3) Examination and testing of sample lighters by an authorized
testing agency. Each sample lighter must be examined for conformance
with paragraph (a) of this section by a person authorized by the
Associate Administrator. In addition, lighters must be subjected to the
following leakage test:
(i) A minimum of six lighters must be examined and tested at one
time. Store the lighters in a desiccator for 24 hours. After drying,
weigh each lighter on an analytical balance capable of accurately
measuring to within \1/10\ of a milligram (0.0001 grams).
(ii) After weighing, place the lighters together in an explosion-
proof, controlled-temperature laboratory oven capable of maintaining
38.7 1 [deg]C (100 3 [deg]F) for 96 continuous
hours (4 days). At the end of 96 hours, remove the lighters from the
oven and place them in the same desiccator and allow the lighters to
cool to ambient temperature.
(iii) After cooling, weigh each lighter and determine the net
weight differences for each lighter tested (subtract the mass after
oven exposure from the original mass before oven exposure).
(iv) Weight losses must be assessed to determine the quantity of
gas that leaked from the lighters and from the weight change as a
result of absorbed moisture. If the net weight has increased, the test
facility must run the required test using six empty lighters in
parallel with the six filled lighters. The parallel tests are conducted
to determine the weight of moisture absorbed in the plastic in order to
determine the weight loss of the lighters from gas leakage.
(v) If the net weight loss for any one of the six lighters exceeds
20 milligrams (0.020 grams), the design must be rejected.
(vi) Lighters manufactured to a rejected lighter design may not be
offered for transportation or transported in commerce unless approved
in writing by the Associate Administrator.
(4) Recordkeeping requirements. (i) Following the examination of
each new lighter design, the person or agency that conducted the
examination and test must prepare a test report and make that test
report available to the manufacturer. At a minimum, the test report
must contain the following information:
(A) Name and address of test facility;
(B) Name and address of applicant;
(C) A test report identifier, that is, the authorized person or
agency identifier code immediately followed by an alpha/numeric
identifier of four or more characters assigned to the specific lighter
design by the authorized person or agency (e.g., ``LAA****,'' where,
``LAA'' is the identification code assigned to the authorized person or
agency by the Associate Administrator and ``****'' is replaced with the
unique test report identifier assigned to the specific lighter design
by the authorized person or agency);
(D) Manufacturer of the lighter. For a foreign manufacturer, the
U.S. agent or importer must be identified;
(E) Description of the lighter design type (e.g., model,
dimensions, ignition mechanism, reservoir capacity, lot/batch number)
in sufficient detail to ensure conformance with paragraph (b)(4)(iii)
of this section; and
(F) A certification by the authorized testing agency that the
lighter design conforms to paragraph (a) of this section and passes or
does not pass the required leakage test in paragraph (b) of this
section.
(ii) For as long as any lighter design is in production and for at
least three years thereafter, a copy of each lighter's test report must
be maintained by the authorized testing agency that performed the
examination and testing and the manufacturer of the design. For a
foreign manufacturer, each test report must be maintained in accordance
with this paragraph by the foreign manufacturer's U.S. agent or
importer.
(iii) Test reports must be traceable to a specific lighter design
and must be made available to a representative of the Department upon
request.
(5) Transitional provisions. Until January 1, 2012, approval
numbers issued by the Associate Administrator prior to January 1, 2007
may continue to be marked on packages and annotated on shipping papers,
where applicable. After that time, previously issued approvals (i.e.,
T-***) will no longer be valid and each lighter design currently in
production must be re-examined and tested under the provisions of this
section.
(c) Packaging requirements. (1) Inner containment. Lighters must be
placed in an inner packaging that is designed to prevent movement of
the lighters and inadvertent ignition or leakage. The ignition device
and gas control lever of each lighter must be designed, or
[[Page 3429]]
securely sealed, taped, or otherwise fastened or packaged to protect
against accidental functioning or leakage of the contents during
transport. If lighters are packed vertically in a plastic tray, a
plastic, fiberboard or paperboard partition must be used to prevent
friction between the ignition device and the inner packaging.
(2) Outer packaging. Lighters and their inner packagings must be
tightly packed and secured against movement in any rigid specification
outer packaging authorized in Subpart L of Part 178 of this subchapter
at the Packing Group II performance level.
(d) Shipping paper and marking requirements. (1) In addition to the
requirements of subpart C of part 172, shipping papers must be
annotated with the lighter design test report identifier (see paragraph
(b)(4)(i)(C) of this section) traceable to the test report assigned to
the lighters or, if applicable, the previously issued approval number
(i.e., T***), in association with the basic description.
(2) In addition to the requirements of subpart D of part 172, a
lighter design test report identifier (see paragraph (b)(4)(i)(C) of
this section) or, if applicable, the previously issued approval number
(i.e., T***), must be marked on a package containing lighters.
(3) For transportation by vessel in a closed transport vehicle or a
closed freight container, the following warning must be affixed to the
access doors:
WARNING--MAY CONTAIN EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES WITH AIR--KEEP IGNITION SOURCES
AWAY WHEN OPENING
The warning must be on a contrasting background and must be in
letters measuring at least 12.7 mm (0.5 inch) in height.
(e) Exceptions. (1) Common or contract carriage. For highway
transportation by common or contract carrier, when no more than 1,500
lighters covered by this section are transported in one motor vehicle,
the requirements of subparts C through H of part 172, and Part 177 of
this subchapter do not apply. Lighters transported in accordance with
this paragraph are also excepted from the specification packaging,
shipping paper, and marking requirements specified in Sec. Sec.
173.308(c) and (d). Inner packagings must conform to paragraph (c)(1)
of this section. Lighters must be further packaged in rigid, strong
outer packagings meeting the general packaging requirements of subpart
B of part 173. Outer packagings must be plainly and durably marked, on
two opposing sides or ends, with the word ``LIGHTERS'' and the number
of devices contained therein in letters measuring at least 20 mm (0.79
in) in height. In addition, the package must include the test report
identifier for each lighter design as specified in paragraph
(b)(4)(i)(C) of this section or, if applicable, the previously issued
approval number (i.e., T***). The test report identifier or approval
number must be durable, legible, in English, and located in, attached
to, or marked directly on the package. No person may offer for
transportation or transport the lighters or prepare the lighters for
shipment unless that person has been specifically informed of the
requirements of this section.
(2) Private carriage. For highway transportation by a private
carrier, lighters that have been examined and successfully tested in
accordance with this section are not subject to any other requirements
of this subchapter under the following conditions:
(i) No person may offer for transportation or transport the
lighters or prepare the lighters for shipment unless that person has
been specifically informed of the requirements of this section;
(ii) Lighters must be placed in an inner packaging that is designed
to prevent accidental activation of the ignition device or valve,
release of gas, and movement of the lighters (e.g., tray, blister pack,
etc.);
(iii) Inner packagings must be placed in a securely closed rigid
outer packaging that limits movement of the inner packagings and
protects them from damage;
(iv) The outer package may contain not more than 300 lighters;
(v) A transport vehicle may carry not more than 1,500 lighters at
any one time;
(vi) The lighters may not be placed in an outer packaging with
other hazardous materials; and
(vii) Outer packagings must be plainly and durably marked with the
words ``LIGHTERS, excepted quantity.''
Authority: 49 CFR part 1.
Issued in Washington, DC, on January 11, 2006.
Brigham A. McCown,
Acting Administrator.
[FR Doc. 06-464 Filed 1-20-06; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-60-P