[Federal Register: February 7, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 25)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 5805-5854]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr07fe07-32]
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Part II
Department of Transportation
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Federal Aviation Administration
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14 CFR Parts 61, 91 and 141
Pilot, Flight Instructor, and Pilot School Certification; Proposed Rule
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Parts 61, 91, and 141
[Docket No. FAA-2006-26661; Notice No. 06-20]
RIN 2120-AI86
Pilot, Flight Instructor, and Pilot School Certification
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).
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SUMMARY: The FAA proposes to amend the training, qualification,
certification, and operating requirements for pilots, flight
instructors, ground instructors, and pilot schools. These changes are
needed to clarify, update, and correct our existing regulations. These
changes are intended to ensure that flight crewmembers have the
training and qualifications to enable them to operate aircraft safely.
DATES: Send your comments to reach us on or before May 8, 2007.
ADDRESSES: You may send comments, identified by Docket Number FAA-2006-
26661, using any of the following methods:
DOT Docket Web site: Go to http://dms.dot.gov and follow
the instructions for sending your comments electronically.
Government-wide rulemaking Web site: Go to http://www.regulations.gov
and follow the instructions for sending your
comments electronically.
Mail: Docket Management Facility; U.S. Department of
Transportation, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Nassif Building, Room PL-401,
Washington, DC 20590-0001.
Fax: 1-202-493-2251.
Hand Delivery: Room PL-401 on the plaza level of the
Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC, between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
For more information on the rulemaking process, see the
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document.
Privacy: We will post all comments we receive, without change, to
http://dms.dot.gov, including any personal information you provide. For
more information, see the Privacy Act discussion in the SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION section of this document.
Docket: To read background documents or comments received, go to
http://dms.dot.gov at any time or to Room PL-401 on the plaza level of
the Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC, between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John D. Lynch, Certification and
General Aviation Operations Branch, AFS-810, General Aviation and
Commercial Division, Flight Standards Service, Federal Aviation
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591;
Telephone No. (202) 267-3844; e-mail john.d.lynch@faa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Comments Invited
The FAA invites interested persons to participate in this
rulemaking by submitting written comments, data, or views. We also
invite comments relating to the economic, environmental, energy, or
federalism impacts that might result from adopting the proposals in
this document. The most helpful comments reference a specific portion
of the proposal, explain the reason for any recommended change, and
include supporting data. We ask that you send us two copies of written
comments.
We will file in the docket all comments we receive, as well as a
report summarizing each substantive public contact with FAA personnel
concerning this proposed rulemaking. The docket is available for public
inspection before and after the comment closing date. If you wish to
review the docket in person, go to the address in the ADDRESSES section
of this preamble between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays. You may also review the docket using the
Internet at the web address in the ADDRESSES section.
Privacy Act: Using the search function of our docket Web site,
anyone can find and read the comments received into any of our dockets,
including the name of the individual sending the comment (or signing
the comment on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.).
You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal
Register published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477-78) or you may visit
http://dms.dot.gov.
Before acting on this proposal, we will consider all comments we
receive on or before the closing date for comments. We will consider
comments filed late if it is possible to do so without incurring
expense or delay. We may change this proposal in light of the comments
we receive.
If you want the FAA to acknowledge receipt of your comments on this
proposal, include with your comments a pre-addressed, stamped postcard
on which the docket number appears. We will stamp the date on the
postcard and mail it to you.
II. Proprietary or Confidential Business Information
Do not file in the docket information that you consider to be
proprietary or confidential business information. Send or deliver this
information directly to the person identified in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section of this document. You must mark the
information that you consider proprietary or confidential. If you send
the information on a disk or CD-ROM, mark the outside of the disk or
CD-ROM and also identify electronically within the disk or CD-ROM the
specific information that is proprietary or confidential.
Under 14 CFR 11.35(b), when we are aware of proprietary information
filed with a comment, we do not place it in the docket. We hold it in a
separate file to which the public does not have access, and place a
note in the docket that we have received it. If we receive a request to
examine or copy this information, we treat it as any other request
under the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552). We process such a
request under the DOT procedures found in 49 CFR part 7.
III. Availability of Rulemaking Documents
(1) You can get an electronic copy using the Internet by: Searching
the Department of Transportation's electronic Docket Management System
(DMS) Web page at http://dms.dot.gov/search;
(2) Visiting the FAA's Regulations and Policies Web page at: http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies
; or
(3) Accessing the Government Printing Office's Web page at: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html
.
You can also get a copy by sending a request to the Federal
Aviation Administration, Office of Rulemaking, ARM-1, 800 Independence
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591, or by calling (202) 267-9680. Make
sure to identify the docket number, notice number, or amendment number
of this rulemaking.
IV. Authority for This Rulemaking
The FAA's authority to issue rules regarding aviation safety is
found in Title 49 of the United States Code. Subtitle I, Sec. 106
describes the authority of the FAA Administrator, including the
authority to issue, rescind, and revise regulations. Subtitle VII,
Aviation
[[Page 5807]]
Programs, describes in more detail the scope of the agency's authority.
This rulemaking is promulgated under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Chapter 447--Safety Regulation. Under Sec.
44701, the FAA is charged with promoting safe flight of civil aircraft
in air commerce by prescribing regulations necessary for safety. Under
Sec. 44703, the FAA issues an airman certificate to an individual when
we find, after investigation, that the individual is qualified for, and
physically able to perform the duties related to, the position
authorized by the certificate. In this NPRM, we are proposing to amend
the training, qualification, certification, and operating requirements
for pilots, flight instructors, ground instructors, and pilot schools.
These changes are intended to ensure that flight crewmembers have
the training and qualifications to enable them to operate aircraft
safely. For this reason, the proposed changes are within the scope of
our authority and are a reasonable and necessary exercise of our
statutory obligations.
V. Background
On April 4, 1997, the FAA published a final rule amending the pilot
and flight instructor certification, training, and experience rules of
part 61, the ground instructor certification, training, and experience
rules of subpart I of part 61, and the certification rules of part 141
for FAA-approved pilot schools (See 62 FR 16220). Since that time, we
have determined that changes are needed to clarify and refine these
regulations and address problems discovered since we issued the final
rule. We also received a number of sound suggestions from the regulated
community through petitions for rulemaking, industry/agency meetings,
and requests for interpretation. Consequently, we are proposing
revisions and making clarifications under part 61 that pertain to
pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certification
requirements. We also are proposing to make revisions to part 141 and
its appendixes, which apply to FAA-approved pilot schools.
One significant proposal under this notice involves pilot and
flight instructor training and qualifications for operating with night
vision goggles (NVG). In February 2000, FAA Flight Standards Service
personnel and an FAA Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ARAC) met
in Washington, DC to discuss establishing requirements for pilot and
flight instructor training and qualifications for operating with night
vision goggles. The ARAC was convened because the FAA recognized the
use of NVGs had increased significantly--the cost of the equipment had
decreased and the equipment itself had become easier to use. Hence, the
aviation community asked the FAA to standardize the equipment and the
corresponding training programs. The information shared and the
decisions made from the February 2000 ARAC meeting are the basis for
these proposed NVG rules.
VI. Summary Table on the Proposed Changes
The table below lists the changes contained in this NPRM in order
of their Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) designations. The table is
organized as follows: The first column, identified as ``Proposal No.,''
refers to the paragraph number in the ``Description of Proposed
Changes'' portion of this preamble where a detailed discussion of the
proposed change appears. The second column gives the CFR designation of
the regulation we are proposing to change. The third column, identified
as ``Summary of the Proposed Changes,'' provides a brief summary of the
proposed amendment.
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Proposal No. CFR designation Summary of the proposed changes
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1.................................... Sec. 61.1(b)(15)..... Add a definition for the term ``night vision
goggles.''
2.................................... Sec. 61.1(b)(14)..... Add a definition for the term ``night vision
goggle operations.''
3.................................... Sec. 61.1(b)(2)(i)... Add the term ``current'' for the ground
instructor certificate under the definition of
authorized instructor.
3.................................... Sec. 61.1(b)(2)(ii).. Correct the term ``current'' and add the term
``valid'' for the flight instructor certificate
under the definition of authorized instructor.
3.................................... Sec. 61.1(b)(5)...... Add the definition of ``current'' to airman
certificates, ratings, and authorizations,
which would mean the pilot has met the
appropriate recent flight experience
requirements of part 61 for the flight
operation being conducted and the pilot's
medical certificate has not expired, if a
medical certificate is required.
3.................................... Sec. 61.1(b)(22)..... Add the definition of ``valid'' for airman
certificates, ratings, and authorizations,
which would mean the airmen certificate,
ratings, and authorizations have not been
surrendered, suspended, revoked, or expired.
3.................................... Sec. 61.3(a)(1)...... Add the qualifier ``current and valid.''
3.................................... Sec. 61.3(f)(2)(i) & Add the qualifier ``current and valid.''
(ii).
3.................................... Sec. 61.3(c)......... Add the qualifier ``current and valid.''
3.................................... Sec. 61.3(g)(2)(i), Add the qualifier ``current and valid.''
(ii).
4.................................... Sec. 61.3(j)(1)...... Delete the phrase ``Except as provided in
paragraph (j)(3) of this section.''
4.................................... Sec. 61.3(j)(3)...... Delete this provision because the dates have
passed.
5.................................... Sec. 61.19(b)........ Extend the duration period for student pilot
certificates for persons under the age of 40
years.
6.................................... Sec. 61.19(b)(3)..... Extend the duration period for student pilot
certificates for persons seeking the glider or
balloon rating to 36 calendar months.
7.................................... Sec. 61.19(d)........ Establish flight instructor certificates without
expiration dates.
8 & 81............................... Sec. 61.19(e)........ Parallel the ground instructor certificate
duration with the ground instructor currency
requirements in proposed Sec. 61.217.
9.................................... Sec. 61.23(a)(3)(iv)- Make minor editorial changes to the medical
(v). certificate requirements.
9.................................... Sec. 61.23(a)(3)(vii) Permit Examiners to hold only a 3rd class
medical certificate as already provided for in
FAA Order 8710.3D.
10................................... Sec. 61.23(b)(3)..... Clarify the no medical certificate requirement
for when persons are exercising the privileges
of their pilot certificate when operating a
balloon or a glider.
11................................... Sec. 61.23(b)(7)..... Clarify the no medical certificate requirement
for Examiners who are administering practical
tests in a glider, balloon, flight simulator,
or flight training device.
12................................... Sec. 61.23(b)(8)..... Clarify the no medical certificate requirement
when taking a practical test in a glider,
balloon, flight simulator, or flight training
device.
[[Page 5808]]
13................................... Sec. 61.23(b)(9)..... Add a provision excusing U.S. military pilots
from obtaining an FAA medical certification,
provided he or she holds a current medical
examination from a medical facility of the U.S.
Armed Forces and the flight does not involve a
flight in air transportation service under
parts 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter.
14................................... Sec. 61.29(d)(3)..... Delete the requirement that a person furnish
their social security number.
15................................... Sec. 61.31(d)(1)..... Make minor editorial change.
15................................... Sec. 61.31(d)(2)..... Delete existing paragraph (d)(2).
15................................... Sec. 61.31(d)(3)..... Re-designate existing paragraph (d)(3) as
paragraph (d)(2).
16................................... Sec. 61.31(l)........ Establish training for operating with night
vision goggles.
17................................... Sec. 61.35(a)(2)(iv). Clarify when a person must show their current
residential address when making application for
a knowledge test.
18................................... Sec. 61.39(b)(2)..... Delete the word ``scheduled'' in front of the
phrase ``U.S. military air transport
operations.''
3.................................... Sec. 61.39(c)(1)..... Add the qualifier ``valid.''
19................................... Sec. 61.39(c)(2)..... Delete the exception that an applicant does not
have to receive an instructor endorsement for
an additional aircraft class rating. Sections
61.39(a)(6) and 61.63(c) require an instructor
endorsement.
20................................... Sec. 61.39(d) & (e).. Change the phrase ``60 calendar days'' to read
``2 calendar months'' for the training required
prior to the practical test.
21................................... Sec. 61.43(a) and (b) Clarify when single pilot performance is
required on the practical test vs. permitting
issuance of the ``second in command''
limitation.
22................................... Sec. 61.45(a)(2)(iii) Define a military aircraft for the purpose of
using it for a practical test.
23................................... Sec. 61.45(c)........ Except gliders from the requirement that
aircraft used for a practical test must have
engine power controls and flight controls that
are easily reached and operable in a
conventional manner by both pilots.
24................................... Sec. 61.51(b)(3)(iv). Add a provision for logging night vision goggle
time.
27................................... Sec. 61.51(b)(1)(iv). Revise the instructions for logbook entries to
Sec. 61.51(b)(2)(v).. include personal computer aviation training
Sec. 61.51(b)(3)(iii) device (PCATD).
25................................... Sec. 61.51(e)(1)..... Correct an omission and permit airline transport
pilots (ATPs) to log pilot-in-command (PIC)
flight time.
26................................... Sec. 61.51(e)(1)(iv). Permit a pilot who is performing the duties of
PIC while under the supervision of a qualified
PIC to log PIC time.
27................................... Sec. 61.51(g)(4)..... Clarify use of flight simulator, flight training
device, PCATD to conform to current practice
and require that an instructor be present to
observe the session and sign the person's
logbook.
28................................... Sec. 61.51(j)........ Establish that an aircraft must hold an
airworthiness certificate, with some
exceptions, for a pilot to log flight time to
meet the certificate, rating, or recent flight
experience requirements under part 61.
29................................... Sec. 61.51(k)........ Add the criteria and standards for logging night
vision goggle time.
30................................... Sec. 61.57(c)(1)..... Revise the instrument recent flight experience
for maintaining instrument privileges in
airplanes, powered-lifts, helicopters, and
airships.
30................................... Sec. 61.57(c)(2)-(5). Permit the use of flight simulators, flight
training devices, or PCATD for performing
instrument recent flight experience.
30................................... Sec. 61.57(c)(6)..... Revise the instrument recent flight experience
for maintaining instrument privileges in
gliders.
31................................... Sec. 61.57(d)........ Clarify when an instrument proficiency check
must be completed to serve as the PIC under IFR
or in weather conditions less than the minimums
prescribed for VFR.
32................................... Sec. 61.57(f)........ Add a night vision goggle recent operating
experience requirement to remain PIC qualified
for night vision goggle operations.
33................................... Sec. 61.57(g)........ Add a night vision goggle proficiency check
requirement to remain PIC qualified for night
vision goggle operations.
34................................... Sec. 61.59(a)-(c).... Add clarifying language to address
falsification, reproduction, alteration and
incorrect statements.
35................................... Sec. 61.63........... Change the title to read ``Additional aircraft
ratings (other than for ratings at the airline
transport pilot certificate level).''
35................................... Sec. 61.63(c)(4)..... Clarify what is intended for those applicants
who hold only a lighter than air (LTA)-Balloon
rating and who seek an LTA-Airship rating.
35................................... Sec. 61.63(d)(5)..... Add a provision in subparagraph (5) to account
for aircraft not capable of instrument flight.
Parallels proposed Sec. 61.157(b)(3).
35................................... Sec. 61.63(e)........ Re-designate paragraph (h) as paragraph (e).
Amend the requirements for permitting use of
aircraft not capable of instrument flight for a
rating. Parallels proposed Sec. 61.157(g).
35................................... Sec. 61.63(f)........ Clarify that an applicant for type rating in a
multiengine, single seat airplane must meet the
requirements in the multi-seat version of that
type airplane, or the examiner must be in a
position to observe the applicant during the
practical test. Parallels proposed Sec.
61.157(h).
35................................... Sec. 61.63(g)........ Clarify that an applicant for type rating in a
single engine, single seat airplane may meet
the requirements in a multi-seat version of
that type airplane, or the examiner must be in
a position to observe the applicant during the
practical test. Parallels proposed Sec.
61.157(i).
36................................... Sec. 61.64........... Place the existing Sec. 61.63(e), (f), and (g)
and Sec. 61.157(g), (h), and (i) that address
the requirements for using flight simulators
and flight training devices into proposed Sec.
61.64
35................................... Sec. 61.63(h)........ Re-designate paragraph (k) as paragraph (h).
Clarify that certain tasks may be waived if the
FAA has approved the task to be waived to
parallel Sec. 61.157(m).
36................................... Sec. 61.64(a) and (b) Move Sec. 61.63(e) and Sec. 61.157(g) to
proposed Sec. 61.64. Simplify and amend the
requirements and limitations for use of a
flight simulator or flight training device for
an airplane rating.
36................................... Sec. 61.64(a)(2)(i) & Clarify that to use a flight simulator for
(ii). training and testing for the airplane category,
class, or type rating, the type rating cannot
contain the supervised operating experience
limitation.
[[Page 5809]]
36................................... Sec. 61.64(c) and (d) Move Sec. 61.63(f) and Sec. 61.157(h) to
proposed Sec. 61.64. Simplify and amend the
requirements and limitations for use of a
flight simulator or flight training device for
a helicopter rating.
36................................... Sec. 61.64(c)(2)(i) & Clarify that to use a flight simulator for
(ii). training and testing for the helicopter class
or type rating, the type rating cannot contain
the supervised operating experience limitation.
36................................... Sec. 61.64(e) and (f) Move Sec. 61.63(g) and Sec. 61.157(i) to
proposed Sec. 61.64. Simplify and amend the
requirements and limitations for use of a
flight simulator or flight training device for
a powered-lift rating.
36................................... Sec. 61.64(e)(2)(i) & Clarify that to use a flight simulator for
(ii). training and testing for the powered-lift
category or type rating, the type rating cannot
contain the supervised operating experience
limitation.
37................................... Sec. 61.65(d)........ Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time
as PIC to be in an airplane appropriate to the
instrument rating sought, so that it conforms
to the ICAO requirements for instrument rating.
37................................... Sec. 61.65(e)........ Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time
as PIC to be in a helicopter appropriate to the
instrument rating sought, so that it conforms
to the ICAO requirements for instrument rating.
37................................... Sec. 61.65(f)........ Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time
as PIC to be in a powered-lift appropriate to
the instrument rating sought, so that it
conforms to the ICAO requirements for
instrument rating.
37................................... Sec. 61.65(g)........ Make minor changes to address the usage of
flight simulator and flight training devices
for the instrument rating. Re-designate
paragraph (e) as paragraph (g).
38................................... Sec. 61.65(h)........ Permit the use of a PCATD to be used for 10
hours of instrument time.
3.................................... Sec. 61.69(a)(1)..... Require tow pilots' certificates to be ``current
and valid.''
39................................... Sec. 61.69(a)(4)..... Correct typographical error involving the word
``or.''
40................................... Sec. 61.69(a)(6)..... Increase the recent flight experience
requirements for tow pilots from 12 months to
24 months.
41................................... Sec. 61.73(b)........ Combine existing paragraphs (b), (c), and (d)
into proposed paragraph (b). Delete the
requirement that military pilots and former
military pilots must be on active flying status
within the past 12 months to qualify under
these special rules. Delete the requirement
that military pilots and former military pilots
must have PIC status to qualify for pilot
certification under these special rules. Also,
minor editorial changes.
41................................... Sec. 61.73(c)........ Delete paragraph (c). Propose that military
pilots of an Armed Force of a foreign
contracting State to ICAO qualify for U.S.
Commercial Pilot Certificates and ratings
provided they are assigned in an operational
U.S. military unit for other than for flight
training purposes.
41................................... Sec. 61.73(d)........ Re-designate paragraph (e) as (d). Minor
editorial changes.
41................................... Sec. 61.73(e)........ Re-designate paragraph (f) as (e). Minor
editorial changes.
41................................... Sec. 61.73(f)........ Re-designate paragraph (g) as (f). Delete the
phrase ``as pilot in command during the 12
calendar months before the month of
application.'' Minor editorial changes.
42................................... Sec. 61.73(g)........ Allow issuing flight instructor certificates and
ratings to military instructor pilots who
graduate from a U.S. military instructor pilot
school with an instructor pilot qualification.
43................................... Sec. 61.73(h)........ Clarify the evidentiary documents required to
qualify military pilots for a pilot certificate
and ratings under the special rules of Sec.
61.73 for military pilots.
44................................... Sec. 61.75(a)........ Require foreign pilot license to be at the level
of private pilot certificate or higher to be
issued a U.S. private pilot certificate. Change
the requirement for the foreign pilot
certificate from being ``current'' to
``valid.''
44................................... Sec. 61.75(b)........ Require foreign pilot license to be at the level
of private pilot certificate or higher to be
issued a U.S. private pilot certificate. Change
the requirement for the foreign pilot
certificate from being ``current'' to
``valid.''
3.................................... Sec. 61.75(b)(2)..... Require foreign pilot certificates to be
``valid.''
45................................... Sec. 61.75(b)(3)..... Add ``other than a U.S. student pilot
certificate.''
46................................... Sec. 61.75(c)........ Add the qualifier ``for private pilot privileges
only'' to clarify issuance of U.S. private
pilot certificates based on foreign pilot
licenses.
3.................................... Sec. 61.75(d)........ Add the qualifier ``valid.''
47................................... Sec. 61.75(e)........ Correct an error: where the rule states ``U.S.
private pilot certificate,'' it should state
``U.S. pilot certificate.''
47................................... Sec. 61.75(e)(1)..... Correct an error: where the rule states
``private pilot privilege,'' it should state
``pilot privileges authorized by this part and
the limitations placed on that U.S. pilot
certificate.''
47................................... Sec. 61.75(e)(4)..... Correct an error: where the rule states ``U.S.
private pilot certificate,'' it should state
``U.S. pilot certificate.''
47................................... Sec. 61.75(f)........ Correct an error: where the rule states ``U.S.
private pilot certificate,'' it should state
``U.S. pilot certificate'' in 2 places.
47................................... Sec. 61.75(g)........ Correct an error: where the rule states ``U.S.
private pilot certificate,'' it should state
``U.S. pilot certificate'' in 2 places.
48................................... Sec. 61.77(a)(2)..... Clarify who can be issued a special purpose
pilot authorization.
48................................... Sec. 61.77(b)(1)..... Clarify the requirements for issuance of a
special purpose pilot authorization.
3.................................... Sec. 61.77(b)(1)..... Require foreign pilot licenses to be ``current''
and ``valid.''
48................................... Sec. 61.77(b)(5)..... Delete a requirement that an applicant have
documentation of meeting the recent flight
experience requirements of part 61 to be issued
a special purpose pilot authorization.
49................................... Sec. 61.96(b)(9)..... Require an applicant for a recreational pilot
certificate to hold a student pilot
certificate.
50................................... Sec. Exclude aircraft that are certificated as
61.101(e)(1)(iii). rotorcraft from the 180 horsepower powerplant
limitation.
51................................... Sec. 61.103(j)....... Require a private pilot certificate applicant to
hold a valid student pilot certificate, or a
recreational pilot certificate.
52................................... Sec. 61.109(a)(5)(ii) Change the distance on a cross-country flight
for private pilot certification--single-engine
airplane rating from ``at least 50 nautical
miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical miles.''
52................................... Sec. 61.109(b)(5)(ii) Change the distance on a cross-country flight
for private pilot certification--multi-engine
airplane rating from ``at least 50 nautical
miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical miles.''
53................................... Sec. 61.109(c)(4)(ii) Change the distance on the solo cross-country
flight for private pilot certification--
helicopter rating to conform to ICAO
requirements. Change the distance on a cross-
country flight for private pilot certification--
helicopter rating from ``at least 25 nautical
miles'' to read ``more than 25 nautical
miles.''
[[Page 5810]]
54................................... Sec. 61.109(d)(5)(ii) Change the distance on the solo cross-country
flight for private pilot certification--
gyroplane rating to conform to ICAO
requirements. Change the distance on a cross-
country flight for private pilot certification--
gyroplane rating from ``at least 25 nautical
miles'' to read ``more than 25 nautical
miles.''
52................................... Sec. 61.109(e)(5)(ii) Change the distance on a cross-country flight
for private pilot certification--powered-lift
rating from ``at least 50 nautical miles'' to
``more than 50 nautical miles.''
55................................... Sec. 61.127(b)(4)(vi) Add ``ground reference maneuvers'' as an area of
operation for commercial pilot certification--
gyroplane rating.
56................................... Sec. Delete ``ground reference maneuvers'' for
61.127(b)(5)(vii). commercial pilot certification powered lift
rating.
57................................... Sec. 61.129(a)(3)(i). Clarify the instrument training tasks required
for commercial pilot certification--airplane
single-engine rating by requiring training
using a view-limiting device.
62................................... Sec. Allow the day cross-country flight for
61.129(a)(3)(iii). commercial pilot certification single-engine
airplane rating to be performed under visual
flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules
(IFR).
62................................... Sec. 61.129(a)(3)(iv) Allow the cross-country flight at night time for
commercial pilot certification airplane single-
engine rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64................................... Sec. 61.129(a)(4).... Permit training to be performed solo or with an
instructor onboard for commercial pilot
certification--airplane single-engine rating.
58................................... Sec. 61.129(b)(3)(i). Require instrument training tasks for commercial
pilot certification airplane multiengine rating
to include training using a view-limiting
device.
62................................... Sec. Allow the day cross-country flight for
61.129(b)(3)(iii). commercial pilot certification multiengine
airplane rating to be performed under VFR or
IFR.
62................................... Sec. 61.129(b)(3)(iv) Allow the cross-country flight at night time for
commercial pilot certification multiengine
airplane rating to be performed under VFR or
IFR.
62................................... Sec. 61.129(c)(3)(i). Reduce the hour requirements on the control and
maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference
to instruments from 10 hours to 5 hours for
commercial pilot certification-helicopter
rating and permit it to be performed in an
aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training
device. Clarify the control and maneuvering of
a helicopter solely by reference to instruments
required for commercial pilot certification for
the helicopter rating must include training
using a view-limiting device.
62................................... Sec. 61.129(c)(3)(ii) Permit the day cross-country flight for
commercial pilot certification--helicopter
rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
62................................... Sec. Permit the cross-country flight at night time
61.129(c)(3)(iii). for commercial pilot certification--helicopter
rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64................................... Sec. 61.129(c)(4).... Permit training for commercial pilot
certification helicopter rating to be performed
solo or with an instructor onboard.
60................................... Sec. 61.129(d)(3)(i). Reduce the instrument training for commercial
pilot certification--gyroplane rating to 2.5
hours on the control and maneuvering of a
gyroplane solely by reference to instrument and
permit it to be conducted in an aircraft,
flight simulator, or flight training device.
Clarify the control and maneuvering of a
gyroplane solely by reference to instrument
required for commercial pilot certification
gyroplane rating must include training using a
view-limiting device.
62................................... Sec. 61.129(d)(3)(ii) Allow the day cross-country flight for
commercial pilot certification gyroplane rating
to be performed under VFR or IFR.
63................................... Sec. Delete the requirement for a cross-country
61.129(d)(3)(iii). flight at night time for commercial pilot
certification--gyroplane rating and establish
it as ``At least two hours of flight training
during night-time conditions in a gyroplane at
an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10
landings to a full stop (with each landing
involving a flight in the traffic pattern).''
64................................... Sec. 61.129(d)(4).... Permit training for commercial pilot
certification--gyroplane rating to be performed
solo or with an instructor onboard.
61................................... Sec. 61.129(e)(3)(i). Require that instrument training tasks for
commercial pilot certification--powered-lift
rating must include training using a view-
limiting device.
61................................... Sec. 61.129(e)(3)(ii) Permit the cross-country flight at night time
for commercial pilot certification--powered-
lift rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
62................................... Sec. Permit the cross-country flight at night time
61.129(e)(3)(iii). for commercial pilot certification--powered-
lift rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64................................... Sec. 61.129(e)(4).... Permit training for commercial pilot
certification--powered-lift rating to be
performed solo or with an instructor onboard.
64................................... Sec. 61.129(g)(2).... Permit training for commercial pilot
certification--airship rating to be performed
either solo or while performing the duties of
PIC with an instructor onboard.
65................................... Sec. 61.129(g)(3).... Reformat paragraph (3) into subparagraphs (i)
and (ii). Clarify the instrument training tasks
for commercial pilot certification--airship
rating require instrument training using a view-
limiting device.
62................................... Sec. 61.129(g)(4)(ii) Permit the cross-country training for commercial
& (iii). pilot certification--airship rating to be
performed under VFR or IFR.
3.................................... Sec. 61.133(a)(1).... Require commercial pilot certificates to be
``current and valid.''
3.................................... Sec. 61.153(d)....... Require pilot certificate and instrument rating
to be ``valid.''
66................................... Sec. 61.153(d)(3)(i), Further clarify the additional condition to
(ii). qualify for a U.S. ATP certificate on the basis
of a foreign pilot certificate.
67................................... Sec. 61.157.......... Reprint this section in its entirety due to many
changes.
67................................... Sec. 61.157(b)....... Add the language ``or a type rating that is
completed concurrently with an airline
transport pilot certificate'' so the rule more
clearly states what is intended. Reformat this
section so as to establish a paragraph (g) that
permits the use of an aircraft not capable of
instrument flight for a type rating to be added
to an existing ATP certificate. Parallels
proposed Sec. 61.63(e).
36 & 67.............................. Sec. 61.157(g)....... Use of flight simulators and flight training
devices and applicant qualifications for the
airplane rating at the ATP certification level.
Move to proposed Sec. 61.64 as paragraph (a)
and (b).
[[Page 5811]]
36 & 67.............................. Sec. 61.157(h)....... Use of flight simulators and flight training
devices and applicant qualifications for the
helicopter rating at the ATP certification
level. Move to proposed Sec. 61.64 as
paragraph (c) and (d).
36 & 67.............................. Sec. 61.157(i)....... Use of flight simulators and flight training
devices and applicant qualifications for the
powered-lift rating at the ATP certification
level. Move to proposed Sec. 61.64 as
paragraph (e) and (f).
67................................... Sec. 61.157(g)....... Re-designate paragraph (j) as paragraph (g).
Amends the requirements for permitting use of
aircraft not capable of instrument flight for a
rating to permit the issuance of a ``VFR Only''
limitation for ATP certification. Parallels
proposed Sec. 61.63(e).
68................................... Sec. 61.157(h)....... Adds a provision to permit an applicant for type
rating in a multiengine, single seat airplane
to be performed in a multi-seat version of that
type airplane, or the examiner must be in a
position to observe the applicant during the
practical test. Parallels proposed Sec.
61.63(f).
69................................... Sec. 61.157(i)....... Adds a provision to permit an applicant for type
rating in a single engine, single seat airplane
to be performed in a multi-seat version of that
type airplane, or the examiner must be in a
position to observe the applicant during the
practical test. Parallels proposed Sec.
61.63(g).
70................................... Sec. 61.159(c)(3).... Add a provision to accommodate the crediting of
flight engineer time for U.S. military flight
engineers for qualifying for an ATP certificate
that is similar to what is provided for
crediting flight engineer time under part 121.
71................................... Sec. 61.159(d)....... Clarify when an applicant may be issued an ATP
certificate with the ICAO endorsement.
71................................... Sec. 61.159(e)....... Clarify a holder of an ATP certificate with the
ICAO endorsement may have the endorsement
removed after meeting the aeronautical
experience of proposed Sec. 61.159(d).
3.................................... Sec. 61.167(a)....... Require an ATP certificate to be ``valid.''
3.................................... Sec. 61.167(b)(3).... Require ATP certificates be ``current and
valid.''
72................................... Sec. Delete the ``go around maneuver'' for flight
61.187(b)(6)(vii). instructor certification for the glider rating.
3.................................... Sec. 61.193.......... Require flight instructor certificate be
``current and valid.''
73................................... Sec. 61.195(c)(1) & Establish the flight instructor qualifications
(2). for providing instrument training in flight to
be a CFII in the appropriate category and class
of aircraft.
74................................... Sec. 61.195(d)(3).... Delete requirement that a flight instructor must
sign a student's certificate for authorizing
solo flight in Class B airspace.
75................................... Sec. 61.195(k)....... Add flight instructor qualifications for giving
the PIC night vision goggle qualification and
currency training.
3.................................... Sec. 61.197(a)....... Require flight instructor certificate to be
``current.''
7.................................... Sec. 61.197(a)(2).... Establish flight instructor renewal procedures
without requiring re-issuance of the actual
certificate.
7.................................... Sec. 61.199(a)....... Establish flight instructor reinstatement
procedures without requiring re-issuance of the
actual certificate. Additionally, clarify the
reinstatement requirements for a single
practical test for renewal of the other ratings
held.
3.................................... Sec. 61.215(a), (c), Require ground instructor certificates to be
(d). ``current and valid.''
76................................... Sec. 61.215(b)....... Delete the privilege of AGIs to provide training
and endorsement for instrument training.
3.................................... Sec. 61.215(b)....... Require AGI certificates to be ``current and
valid.''
77................................... Sec. 61.217(a)--(d).. Establish new currency requirements for ground
instructors.
78................................... Sec. 91.205(i)....... Establish the required instruments & equipment
for night vision goggle operations.
79................................... Sec. 141.5(a)--(e)... Clarify that the ``counters'' for the pass rate
must be 10 different people and that no one
graduate can be counted more than once.
80................................... Sec. 141.9........... Correct the rule language for issuing examining
authority.
81................................... Sec. 141.33(d)(2).... Reduce the number of student enrollments to 10
students to qualify for a check instructor
position.
82................................... Sec. 141.39.......... Permit the use of foreign registered aircraft
for those part 141 training facilities that are
located outside of the United States and where
the training is conducted outside of the United
States.
83................................... Sec. 141.53(c)(1).... Delete subparagraph (c)(1) to remove an obsolete
date.
84................................... Sec. 141.55(e)(2)(ii) Correct the phrase ``the practical or knowledge
test, or any combination thereof'' because it
should state ``the practical or knowledge test,
as appropriate.''
85................................... Sec. 141.77(c)(1), Make a technical correction to the language in
(2), & (3). the rules about the proficiency and knowledge
test required for transfer students to a part
141 pilot school.
86................................... Sec. 141.85(a)(1) & Clarify duties and responsibilities that chief
(d). instructor may delegate to an assistant chief
instructor and recommending instructor.
87................................... B. 2................... Change the eligibility requirement for
enrollment into the flight portion of the
private pilot certification course to only
require a recreational or student pilot
certificate prior to entry into the solo phase
of the flight portion.
88................................... B. 4(b)(1)(i).......... In the private pilot certification--single-
engine airplane course, change the training
required to ``on the control and maneuvering of
a single-engine airplane solely by reference to
instruments'' instead of calling it
``instrument training.''
88................................... B. 4(b)(2)(i).......... In the private pilot certification--multiengine
airplane course, change the training required
to ``on the control and maneuvering of a
multiengine airplane solely by reference to
instruments.''
88................................... B. 4(b)(5)(i).......... In the private pilot certification--powered-lift
course, change the training required to ``on
the control and maneuvering of a powered-lift
solely by reference to instruments.''
89................................... B. 5(a)(1)............. Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
the private pilot certification--airplane
single-engine course from ``at least 50
nautical miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical
miles.''
90................................... B. 5(b)(1)............. Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
the private pilot certification--airplane
multiengine course from ``at least 50 nautical
miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical miles.''
91................................... B. 5(c)(1)............. Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
the private pilot certification--helicopter
course to conform to ICAO requirements which
require a cross-country flight of at least 100
nautical miles. Change the phrase ``at least 25
nautical miles'' to ``more than 25 nautical
miles.''
92................................... B. 5(d)(1)............. Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
the private pilot certification--gyroplane
course from ``at least 25 nautical miles'' to
``more than 25 nautical miles.''
[[Page 5812]]
93................................... B. 5(e)(1)............. Change the distance on a cross-country flight in
the private pilot certification--powered lift
course from ``at least 50 nautical miles'' to''
more than 50 nautical miles.''
94................................... C. 4(b)(5) & (6)....... Allow approval of instrument rating courses that
give credit for instrument training on a PCATD.
100.................................. D. 4(b)(1)(i).......... Require that the instrument training tasks for
the commercial pilot certification--airplane
single-engine course include training using a
view-limiting device.
99................................... D. 4(b)(1)(ii)......... Allow the complex airplane training in the
commercial pilot certificate--single-engine
airplane course to be performed in either in a
single-engine complex airplane or multiengine
complex airplane.
96................................... D. 4(b)(1)(iii)........ Allow the day cross-country flight for the
commercial pilot certificate airplane course to
be performed under VFR or IFR.
96................................... D. 4(b)(1)(iv).........
96................................... D. 4(b)(2)(i)..........
96................................... D. 4(b)(2)(iii)........
96................................... D. 4(b)(2)(iv).........
100.................................. D. 4(b)(3)(i).......... Require that the instrument training tasks for
the commercial pilot certification--helicopter
course include using a view-limiting device.
96................................... D. 4(b)(3)(ii)......... Allow the day cross-country flight in the
commercial pilot certificate helicopter course
to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96................................... D. 4(b)(3)(iii)........
100.................................. D. 4(b)(4)(i).......... Require that the instrument training tasks for
the commercial pilot certification--gyroplane
course include using a view-limiting device.
96................................... D. 4(b)(4)(ii)......... Allow the day cross-country flight in the
commercial pilot certificate gyroplane course
to be performed under VFR or IFR.
97................................... D. 4(b)(4)(iii)........ Require a night time cross-country flight in the
commercial pilot certificate--gyroplane course
to include at least two hours of flight
training during night-time conditions at an
airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10
landings to a full stop (with each landing
involving a flight in the traffic pattern).
100.................................. D. 4(b)(5)(i).......... Require that the instrument training tasks for
the commercial pilot certification--powered-
lift course include using a view-limiting
device.
96................................... D. 4(b)(5)(ii)......... Allow the day cross-country flight in the
commercial pilot certificate powered-lift
course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96................................... D. 4(b)(5)(iii)........
100.................................. D. 4(b)(7)(i).......... Require that the instrument training tasks for
the commercial pilot certification--airship
course include using a view-limiting device.
96................................... D. 4(b)(7)(ii)......... Allow the day cross-country flight in the
commercial pilot certificate--airship rating
course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96................................... D. 4(b)(7)(iii)........
98................................... D. 4(d)(4)(vi)......... Add ``ground reference maneuvers'' as an area of
operation for the gyroplane rating in the
commercial pilot certificate course.
95................................... D. 5(a), (c ), (d), & Allow training to be performed solo or with an
(e). instructor onboard for the commercial pilot
certificate courses.
101.................................. E. 2................... Requires a person prior to having completed the
flight portion of the ATP course to have met
the ATP aeronautical experience requirements of
part 61, subpart G.
102.................................. I. 3 & 4............... Clarify the amount and content of ground and
flight training for the add-on aircraft
category and/or class rating courses in the
recreational, private, commercial, and ATP
certification courses.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VII. Description of Proposed Changes
The numbered paragraphs in this section describe the substantive
changes we are proposing. Readers should note we are also making many
editorial changes to the text of parts 61 and 141 for the purpose of
clarity.
(1) Proposal to define ``night vision goggles.''
The FAA proposes to define ``night vision goggles'' (NVG) under
Sec. 61.1(b)(13) as ``an appliance worn by a pilot that enhances the
pilot's ability to maintain visual surface reference at night.''
(2) Proposal to define ``night vision goggle operation.''
The FAA proposes to define ``night vision goggle operation'' under
Sec. 61.1(b)(14) as ``a flight at night where the pilot maintains
visual surface reference utilizing NVGs in an aircraft that is approved
for NVG operations.''
(3) Proposal to require airman certificates, ratings, and
authorizations to be ``valid'' and/or ``current,'' where and when
appropriate.
The FAA has received inquiries as to the meaning and application of
the terms ``valid'' and ``current'' as they appear in part 61. Neither
term is defined under the rules. The terms are used in some sections of
part 61, but not consistently or universally. In this proposal, the FAA
proposes definitions for the terms ``current'' and ``valid'' under
proposed Sec. 61.1(b)(4) and (20). We have also attempted to qualify
when a person must hold a ``valid,'' ``current,'' or a ``valid and
current'' pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certificate,
rating, or authorization under part 61 to exercise the privileges of
that certificate.
The FAA encourages comments as to whether our review of inserting
the terms ``current'' and ``valid'' throughout part 61 has been
sufficiently exhaustive and whether the approach is even needed. One
could conclude that including the terms may lead to greater ambiguity
since they are arguably implicit. That is, all certificates, ratings,
or authorizations must be both ``current'' and ``valid,'' or else they
may not be relied upon. Based on the comments received on this proposal
and further analysis, we may decide to withdraw the proposed
definitions, and we may even eliminate the use of these terms
``current'' and ``valid'' throughout part 61.
Under proposed Sec. 61.1(b)(20), a ``valid'' pilot, flight
instructor, or ground instructor certificate, rating, or
[[Page 5813]]
authorization would mean the certificate has not been surrendered,
suspended, revoked, or expired. Under proposed Sec. 61.1(b)(4), the
term ``current'' as it relates to a pilot certificate, rating, or
authorization would mean the pilot has met the appropriate recent
flight experience requirements under part 61 for the flight operation
being conducted. The term ``current'' as it relates to a flight
instructor certificate would mean the flight instructor meets the
flight instructor recent experience required under Sec. 61.197. The
term ``current'' as it relates to a ground instructor certificate would
mean the ground instructor meets the recent experience required under
Sec. 61.217.
We are proposing to add either ``valid'' or ``current,'' or both,
in: Sec. Sec. 61.1(b)(2)(i) and (ii), (4), and (20); 61.3(a)(1), (c),
(f)(2)(i) and (ii), and (g)(2)(i) and (ii); 61.39(c)(1), 61.69(a)(1);
61.75(b)(2) and (d); 61.77(b)(1); 61.103(j); 61.133(a)(1); 61.153(d)(1)
and (3); 61.167(a) and (b)(3); the introductory language of 61.193;
61.197(a); and 61.215(a), (b), (c), and (d).
(4) Proposal to delete an obsolete date in Sec. 61.3(j)(3).
Under existing Sec. 61.3(j)(3), the rule makes reference to some
obsolete dates and the rule is no longer needed. The rule states
``Until December 20, 1999, a person may serve as a pilot in operations
covered by this paragraph after that person has reached his or her 60th
birthday if, on March 20, 1997, that person was employed as a pilot in
operations covered by this paragraph.'' December 20, 1999 has now
passed, and the FAA is proposing to delete Sec. 61.3(j)(3) in its
entirety. Subsequently, it is necessary to delete the phrase ``Except
as provided in paragraph (j)(3) of this section'' under Sec.
61.3(j)(1).
(5) Proposal to revise the duration of the student pilot certificate.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.19(b) so that the duration
period for the student pilot certificate coincides with the medical
duration provisions under Sec. 61.23(c)(3). Since the FAA adopted a
new duration period for the 3rd class medical certificate for persons
who have not reached their 40th birthday, there has been a conflict
between the duration period for the student pilot portion of the
certificate under Sec. 61.19(b) (i.e., ``expires 24 calendar months
from the month in which it is issued'') and the duration period for the
medical portion of the certificate for persons who have not reached
their 40th birthday under Sec. 61.23(c)(3) (i.e., ``The 36th calendar
month after the month of the date of the examination shown on the
certificate). Without the proposed change, persons under the age of 40
years would have the student pilot portion of their certificate expire,
but the medical portion of that certificate would remain current.
Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.19(b) so that it
parallels the 3rd class medical duration provisions under Sec.
61.23(c)(3).
(6) Proposal to extend the duration period to 36 calendar months for
the student pilot certificate for persons seeking a balloon or glider
rating.
Proposed Sec. 61.19(b)(3) would extend the duration period of a
student pilot certificate for persons seeking a balloon or glider
rating to 36 calendar months. Since persons who seek a balloon and
glider rating are not required to hold a medical certificate, it is
reasonable to extend the student pilot certificate to 36 calendar
months as discussed in the previous paragraph. Under this proposal,
however, the duration period would be 36 calendar months regardless of
the age of the applicant.
(7) Proposal to issue flight instructor certificate without an
expiration date and to clarify reinstatement requirements.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. Sec. 61.19(d), 61.197(a), and
61.199 to allow the issuance of flight instructor certificates without
an expiration date. This proposal responds to a petition for rulemaking
from the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) Safety
Foundation. By letter, dated September 14, 1999, AOPA petitioned the
FAA to revise Sec. 61.19(d), Sec. 61.195(a), (b), and (c), Sec.
61.197(a) and (b), and Sec. 61.199(a). The FAA was already working on
this proposed rule; therefore we responded to AOPA's petition by
acknowledging receipt of the petition and informing them their petition
would be considered under this rulemaking.
The AOPA Safety Foundation's petition states that it believes the
flight instructor renewal process results in burdening flight
instructor renewal applicants and the operators of flight instructor
refresher clinics (FIRCs) with unnecessary paperwork. The FAA would
still require that flight instructors renew their privileges every 24
calendar months to exercise the privileges of their flight instructor
certificate, but it would be done without requiring the re-issuance of
the flight instructor certificate. The FAA envisions that flight
instructor renewal applicants would continue to send a completed FAA
Form 8710-1, ``Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application,'' to the
FAA's Airman Certification Branch in Oklahoma City, OK, but the
applicants would then only be required to have their logbooks endorsed
by a FIRC operator or by the FAA. In lieu of the logbook endorsement,
the flight instructor renewal applicant could simply receive a
completion certificate or a stamp in their logbook from a FIRC operator
or from the FAA. The FAA is tailoring this proposal to similar
procedures established for pilots who accomplish their Sec. 61.57
flight review or Sec. 61.58 PIC proficiency check. However, the FAA
wants to maintain the procedure of requiring flight instructor renewal
applicants to send a completed FAA Form 8710-1 to the FAA's Airman
Certification Branch because the FAA believes this procedure is
important for maintaining order on flight instructor renewals and also
for being able to retain statistical data on flight instructors.
Under this proposal, Sec. 61.197(a)(2) would state that a person
who holds a flight instructor certificate may renew the certificate by
``receiving an endorsement in his or her logbook or on another suitable
document that is acceptable to the FAA * * * ,'' to provide flight
instructor renewal applicants significant leeway to show compliance
with Sec. 61.197. Additionally, for the same reasons, this language
would be included in proposed Sec. 61.199(a)(2) for flight instructor
reinstatement applicants. Those instructors who hold flight instructor
certificates with expiration dates would be permitted to continue to
hold those certificates indefinitely and would just have to comply with
the renewal procedures of Sec. 61.197 or reinstatement procedures of
Sec. 61.199, as appropriate, to maintain their flight instructor
``privileges.'' Regardless of what method is used to show compliance
with Sec. 61.197 (i.e., logbook entry, completion certification, or a
stamp inserted in the applicant's logbook, etc.), the FAA expects the
flight instructor renewal/reinstatement applicant's record to show the
completion date and expiration date of the renewal/reinstatement.
Additionally, the FAA has received several inquires concerning
whether an applicant who holds an expired flight instructor certificate
may reinstate that certificate by satisfactorily completing an
additional flight instructor rating practical test. As an example, the
person holds an expired flight instructor certificate with an Airplane
Single-Engine and a Multiengine rating. The person then makes
application for an Instrument-Airplane additional flight instructor
rating and wishes to reinstate
[[Page 5814]]
his or her flight instructor certificate by satisfactorily
accomplishing the Instrument-Airplane additional flight instructor
rating practical test. In accordance with FAA Order 8700.1, page 11-3,
paragraph 13, ``the holder of an expired flight instructor certificate
issued after November 1, 1975, may have all ratings on the certificate
reinstated by satisfactorily completing a single practical test.''
Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.199(a) to read:
(a) Flight instructor certificates. The holder of a flight
instructor certificate who has not complied with the recent flight
instructor experience requirements under Sec. 61.197 may reinstate
flight instructor privileges by:
(1) Completing and passing a flight instructor practical test, as
prescribed under Sec. 61.183(h); and
(2) Receiving an endorsement in his or her logbook or on another
document that is acceptable to the FAA that shows the applicant
completed and passed a flight instructor practical test, as prescribed
under Sec. 61.183(h).
This proposed amendment removes the current provision that states
that a holder of an expired flight instructor certificate may obtain a
new one by passing a practical test ``for one of the ratings listed on
the expired flight instructor certificate.''
The proposed amendment would permit the reinstatement of a flight
instructor certificate, either by satisfactorily accomplishing an
additional flight instructor rating practical test or by satisfactorily
accomplishing a practical test on one of the ratings listed on the
expired flight instructor certificate.
(8) Proposal to standardize the recent experience requirements for
ground instructor certificates.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.19(e) by linking the currency
requirements for the ground instructor certificate with the duration
period requirements. The purpose is to further clarify the currency
requirements for ground instructors. Since the issuance of Sec.
61.19(e), there have been some questions about how a ground instructor
remains current. Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.19(e) by
linking this provision with the recent experience requirements under
proposed Sec. 61.217.
(9) Proposal to require Examiners to hold only a 3rd class medical
certificate.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.23(a)(3)(vii) to require
Examiners to hold only a 3rd class medical certificate. The FAA wants
to parallel the medical certificate requirements for Examiners with the
medical certificate requirements that are contained in FAA Order
8710.3D. FAA Order 8710.3D requires that an Examiner hold only a 3rd
class medical certificate when performing practical tests in an
aircraft (with an exception for Examiners administering practical tests
in a glider or balloon).
(10) Proposal to clarify that persons exercising the privileges of a
glider or balloon rating are not required to hold a medical
certificate.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.23(b)(3) to clarify that persons
exercising the privileges of a glider or balloon rating are not
required to hold a medical certificate. The FAA has received questions
about the wording of Sec. 61.23(b)(3). Some have asked whether the no
medical certificate requirement for operating a balloon or a glider
applies only when a person is taking a practical test for a glider or
balloon rating, or whether it applies when a person is exercising the
privileges of a glider or balloon rating. The rule is intended to apply
in both situations. The FAA is proposing to amend Sec. 61.23(b)(3) to
clarify that persons exercising the privileges of their glider or
balloon rating in a glider or a balloon, as appropriate, are not
required to hold a medical certificate. As further discussed in
proposed Sec. 61.23(b)(8), a person also is not required to hold a
medical certificate when taking a practical test for a balloon or
glider rating.
(11) Proposal to add situations where an Examiner need not hold a
medical certificate.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.23(b)(7) to establish that when
an Examiner or a Check Airman is administering a test or check for an
airman certificate, rating, or authorization in a glider, balloon,
flight simulator, or flight training device, he or she would not be
required to hold a medical certificate. Existing Sec. 61.23(b)(7)
states that an Examiner or Check Airman is not required to hold a
medical certificate when administering a test or check for a
certificate, rating, or authorization in a flight simulator or flight
training device. The words ``glider'' and ``balloon'' were
inadvertently left out when the rule was last revised.
(12) Proposal to add situations where an applicant need not hold a
medical certificate.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.23(b)(8) to establish that when
an applicant is receiving a test or check for a certificate, rating, or
authorization in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight
training device, the applicant is not required to hold a medical
certificate.
Existing Sec. 61.23(b)(8) states that an applicant is not required
to hold a medical certificate when receiving a test or check for a
certificate, rating, or authorization in a flight simulator or flight
training device. The words ``glider'' and ``balloon'' were
inadvertently left out when the rule was last revised.
(13) Proposal to excuse military pilots of the U.S. Armed Forces from
having to obtain an FAA medical certificate.
The FAA proposes to add a new Sec. 61.23(b)(9) to excuse military
pilots from having to hold an FAA medical certificate. Military pilots
would be required to complete a medical examination for flight status
as a military pilot from a flight surgeon at a military medical
facility of the United States. The examination would have to be
current.
In accordance with existing Sec. 61.39(a)(4), for a military pilot
to be eligible for a practical test for an airman certificate or rating
issued under part 61, an applicant must ``hold at least a current
third-class medical certificate.'' The FAA has determined that the
medical examinations provided by a U.S. Armed Forces medical facility
to military pilots equals or exceeds the content and quality of a
medical certification required by the FAA. Therefore, the FAA proposes
to amend Sec. 61.23 by adding paragraph (b)(9) and excuse pilots of
the U.S. Armed Forces from having to hold an FAA medical certificate
provided that: (1) The pilot completed a medical examination for flight
status as a military pilot from a flight surgeon at a U.S. military
medical facility; (2) The examination is current; and (3) The flight
does not involve a flight in air transportation service under parts
121, 125, or 135 of this chapter.
(14) Proposal to delete the requirement for a person to furnish their
social security number.
The FAA proposes to delete the requirement under Sec. 61.29(d)(3)
that a person who requests replacement of a lost or destroyed airman
certificate, medical certificate, or knowledge test report must furnish
their social security number. By law, the FAA cannot require a person
to furnish his or her social security number. A person, however, may
voluntarily provide his or her social security number as a means to
establish his or her identity.
[[Page 5815]]
(15) Proposal to delete Sec. 61.31(d)(2).
The FAA proposes to delete Sec. 61.31(d)(2), which requires a PIC
of an aircraft to receive ``training for the purpose of obtaining an
additional pilot certificate and rating that are appropriate to that
aircraft, and be under the supervision of an authorized instructor.''
The FAA has received inquiries about the difference between
subparagraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3), and the FAA determined that these
subparagraphs conflict with one another. Furthermore, subparagraph
(d)(2) conflicts with Sec. 61.51(e)(1)(i).
When the FAA initially proposed Sec. 61.31(d), it was considering
coining a new phrase that was to be known as ``supervised PIC flight''
that would allow a PIC who was in training to act as PIC of an aircraft
if properly supervised by the person's flight instructor. (See 60 FR
41160, 41227, August 11, 1995). The ``supervised PIC flight'' concept
was not adopted in the final rule, but subparagraph (d)(2) erroneously
remained in the final rule. (See 62 FR 16220.) Subparagraph (d)(3) of
Sec. 61.31 covers what the FAA currently requires in order to act as
PIC and for logging PIC time under Sec. 61.51(e)(1)(i).
(16) Proposal to add training and qualification requirements for pilots
who want to operate with night vision goggles.
Proposed Sec. 61.31(k) would require ground and flight training
and a one-time instructor endorsement for a pilot to act as a PIC
during NVG operations. Also, the FAA proposes to ``grandfather'' those
PICs who previously qualified as a PIC for NVG operations under Sec.
61.31(k). Under proposed subparagraph (3), a pilot would not need the
``one-time'' NVG training and endorsement, provided the pilot can
document satisfactory accomplishment of any of the following pilot
checks for using NVGs in an aircraft:
Completion of an official pilot proficiency check for
using NVGs and that check was conducted by the U.S. Armed Forces; or
Completion of a pilot proficiency check for using NVGs
under part 135 of this chapter and that check was conducted by an
Examiner or a Check Airman.
(17) Proposal to require proof of current residential address at the
time of application for a knowledge test.
Proposed Sec. 61.35(a)(2)(iv) would clarify that when a person's
permanent mailing address is a P.O. Box, the person must show proof of
their current residential address at the time of application for a
knowledge test. The purpose of this change is to conform the
instructions in proposed Sec. 61.35(a)(2)(iv) with the instructions in
existing Sec. 61.60.
(18) Proposal to delete the word ``scheduled'' in front of the phrase
``U.S. military air transport operations.''
The purpose for this proposal is to delete the word ``scheduled''
that appears in front of the phrase ``U.S. military air transport
operations'' under Sec. 61.39(b)(2) because there is no such thing as
``scheduled'' U.S. military transport operations.
(19) Proposal to delete the phrase ``or a class rating with an
associated type rating'' in reference to the endorsement exception for
applying for an additional aircraft class rating.
The FAA proposes to delete the phrase ``or a class rating with an
associated type rating'' under Sec. 61.39(c)(2) for applying for an
additional aircraft class rating. Existing Sec. Sec. 61.39(a)(6) and
61.63(c) require an applicant for a practical test for an additional
aircraft class rating to have received a logbook or training record
endorsement from an authorized instructor. Existing Sec. 61.39(c)(2)
incorrectly suggests that an endorsement is not required for an
applicant for an aircraft class rating. Thus, the FAA is proposing to
amend Sec. 61.39(c)(2) by removing the phrase ``or a class rating with
an associated type rating'' to clarify that we are not excepting
applicants for an aircraft type rating from obtaining an endorsement
from an authorized instructor.
(20) Proposal to clarify the time frame for completing a practical
test.
The FAA proposes to change the phrase ``60 calendar days'' in Sec.
61.39(d) and (e) to read ``2 calendar months.'' The purpose is to make
it simpler to calculate the time for when a segmented practical test
must be completed. An applicant who accomplishes a segmented practical
test would be required to complete the entire practical test within 2
calendar months after the applicant began the test. For example, an
applicant who began the oral portion of the practical test on July 2,
2006, would have to complete the remaining portions of the practical
test (i.e., simulator/training device check and aircraft flight check)
before the end of September 2006.
(21) Proposal to clarify when an applicant has the choice to perform
the practical test as a single pilot or use a second in command.
The FAA is proposing to revise Sec. 61.43(b) to clarify when an
applicant can perform the practical test as a single pilot or use a
second in command. If a second in command pilot is used under proposed
Sec. 61.43(b)(3), the limitation ``Second in Command Required'' would
be placed on the applicant's pilot certificate. Also, we are proposing
to revise Sec. 61.43(a) by moving existing Sec. 61.43(a)(5) into
proposed Sec. 61.43(b).
Under proposed Sec. 61.43(b)(1), if the aircraft's FAA-approved
aircraft flight manual requires the pilot flight crew complement be a
single pilot, then the applicant would be required to demonstrate
single pilot proficiency on the practical test.
Under proposed Sec. 61.43(b)(2), if the aircraft's type
certification data sheet requires the pilot flight crew complement be a
single pilot, then the applicant would be required to demonstrate
single pilot proficiency on the practical test.
The Cessna 172, Cessna 310, Piper Malibu (PA-44), and Beech Baron
(BE-58) are examples of aircraft whose flight manuals and/or type
certification data sheets require the pilot flight crew complement be a
single pilot.
Under proposed Sec. 61.43(b)(3), if the FAA Flight Standardization
Board report, FAA-approved aircraft flight manual, or aircraft type
certification data sheet allows the pilot flight crew complement to be
either a single pilot, or a pilot and a copilot, then the applicant may
perform the practical test as a single pilot or with a copilot. If the
applicant performs the practical test with a copilot, the limitation of
``Second in Command Required'' will be placed on the applicant's pilot
certificate. Under proposed Sec. 61.43(b)(3), the ``Second in Command
Required'' limitation may be removed if and when the applicant passes
the practical test by demonstrating single-pilot proficiency in the
aircraft in which single-pilot privileges are sought.
Examples of aircraft for which a FAA Flight Standardization Board
has approved the minimum pilot flight crew compliment to be either a
single pilot, or a pilot with a copilot, are certain models of the
Beech 300, Beech 1900C, and Beech 1900D airplanes that received
certification under SFAR 41; certain models of the Empresa Brasileira
de Aeronautica EMB 110 airplanes that received certification under SFAR
41, and certain models of the Fairchild Aircraft Corporation SA227-CC,
[[Page 5816]]
SA227-DC, and other Fairchild commuter category airplanes on that same
type certificate that received certification under SFAR 41 and that
have a passenger seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of nine
seats or less and the airplane's type certificate authorizes single
pilot operations.
The Cessna 501, Cessna 525, Cessna 551, Raytheon 390, and Beech
2000 are examples of aircraft whose flight manuals and/or type
certification data sheets allow the minimum pilot flight crew
compliment to be either a single pilot, or a pilot with a copilot.
(22) Proposal to define what is a military aircraft for the purpose of
a practical test.
Proposed Sec. 61.45(a)(2)(iii) would clarify what is a ``military
aircraft'' when used on a practical test. Recently, there has been some
confusion as whether it is permissible to use a surplus military
aircraft that has no civilian aircraft type designation for a practical
test for an airman certificate and rating. For example, some applicants
have requested to use a surplus military OH-58 Army helicopter for a
practical test. These surplus military helicopters are not Bell BH-206
helicopters, and they do not have a civilian type designation. The FAA
has determined it is not permissible to use these surplus former
military aircraft for completing a practical test.
To clarify this issue, proposed Sec. 61.45(a)(2)(iii) would define
a ``military aircraft'' as an aircraft that is under the direct
operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces. Under this definition,
surplus military aircraft are not military aircraft because they are
not under the direct operational control of the U.S. military.
(23) Proposal to except gliders from the requirement that aircraft used
for a practical test must have engine power controls and flight
controls that are easily reached and operable in a conventional manner
by both pilots.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.45(c) by excepting gliders from
the requirement that aircraft used for a practical test must have
engine power controls and flight controls that are easily reached and
operable in a conventional manner by both pilots. Gliders do not have
engine power controls.
(24) Proposal to provide for logging night vision goggle time.
Proposed Sec. 61.51(b)(3)(iv) would add a provision for logging
``night vision goggle time'' to show compliance with the training time
and aeronautical experience required for acting as a PIC for NVG
operations. The logging of NVG time would be permitted when performed
in an aircraft in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight
training device.
(25) Proposal to correct an omission of the words ``airline transport
pilot'' regarding logging of pilot in command time.
Because existing Sec. 61.51(e)(1) does not include ``airline
transport pilots,'' it may appear that holders of airline transport
pilot certificates do not have the same PIC logging privileges as
recreational pilots, private pilots, and commercial pilots. To avoid
any confusion, the FAA proposes to add the words ``airline transport
pilot'' to Sec. 61.51(e)(1).
(26) Proposal to permit a pilot performing the duties of pilot in
command while under the supervision of a qualified pilot in command to
log pilot in command time.
Proposed Sec. 61.51(e)(1)(iv) would allow a pilot who is
performing the duties of pilot in command while under the supervision
of a qualified PIC to log PIC time. The purpose for this proposal is to
provide another way for holders of a commercial pilot certificate or
airline transport pilot certificate to log PIC time.
Section 61.51(e)(1)(iv) would permit a pilot who is performing the
duties of PIC to log PIC flight time. The pilot who is performing the
duties of PIC would be required to hold a current and valid commercial
pilot certificate or a current and valid airline transport pilot
certificate, with the aircraft rating that is appropriate to the
category and class of aircraft being flown, if a class rating is
appropriate. The pilot would be required to be under the supervision of
an appropriately qualified PIC. Additionally, the pilot who is
performing the duties of PIC would be required to undergo an approved
PIC training program consisting of ground and flight training on the
following areas of operation: pre-flight preparation, preflight
procedures, takeoff and departure phase, in-flight maneuvers,
instrument procedures, landings and approaches to landings, normal and
abnormal procedures, emergency procedures, and post-flight procedures.
The supervising PIC would be required to hold either a current and
valid commercial pilot certificate and a current and valid flight
instructor certificate with an aircraft rating that is appropriate to
the category, class, and type of aircraft being flown, if a class or
type rating is required, or the supervising PIC would be required to
hold a current and valid airline transport pilot certificate and
aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category, class, and type of
aircraft being flown, if a class or type rating is required. The
supervising PIC would be required to log the PIC training given in the
pilot's logbook, certify having given the PIC training in the pilot's
logbook, and attest that certification with his or her signature,
flight instructor certificate number and expiration date, or ATP
certificate number, as appropriate. This proposal would parallel and
clarify the provisions in proposed Sec. 61.129 and existing Sec. Sec.
61.31(d), 61.159(a)(4), 61.161(a)(3), and 61.163(a)(3) for PIC
aeronautical experience.
(27) Proposal to conform the rule for logging of instrument time in a
flight simulator, flight training device, and PCATD to existing policy.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.51(g)(4) so the logging of
instrument time in a flight simulator, flight training device, or PCATD
conforms to existing policy. An authorized instructor (See Sec.
61.1(b)(2)) must be present in the flight simulator, flight training
device, or PCATD when instrument time is logged for training and
aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a
certificate, rating, or flight review (See Sec. 61.51(a)). The
instructor must sign the person's logbook to verify the training time
and the content of the session.
Examples of situations in which an authorized instructor would be
considered present in the flight simulator, flight training device, or
PCATD include where an authorized instructor is seated at a center
control panel in a flight simulation lab and is monitoring each
student's performance from the control panel display; where an
instructor assigns a student to perform several instrument tasks and
then leaves the room, if the flight training device has a monitoring
and tracking system that allows the authorized instructor to review the
entire training session; and where one authorized instructor monitors
several students simultaneously in the same room at a flight simulation
lab.
The instructions for making logbook entries also would be amended
to reflect the proposal that PCATDs could be used to meet the
instrument time and recent flight experience requirements under part
61.
[[Page 5817]]
(28) Proposal to establish the aircraft requirements for when a pilot
logs flight time.
Proposed Sec. 61.51(j) would establish the aircraft and aircraft
airworthiness requirements for when a pilot logs flight time. To log
flight time to meet the aeronautical experience requirements for a
certificate, rating, or recent flight experience under part 61, the
aircraft must hold an airworthiness certificate (except in the case of
U.S. military aircraft flown by U.S. military pilots and under the
direct operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces or public aircraft
flown by pilots of a Federal, State, county, or municipal law
enforcement agency).
This proposal would, in essence, codify existing FAA policy under
FAA Order 8700.1, Volume 2, Chapter 1, pages 1-46 and 1-47, paragraph
9.B, which states:
``Logging Time. Unless the vehicle is type certificated as an
aircraft in a category listed in (14 CFR) Sec. 61.5(b)(1) or as an
experimental aircraft, or otherwise holds an airworthiness
certificate, flight time acquired in such a vehicle may not be used
to meet requirements of (14 CFR) part 61 for a certificate or rating
or to meet the recent flight experience requirements.''
The FAA has received several inquiries about whether it is
permissible to use surplus military aircraft that do not hold a
civilian type designation as an aircraft or an airworthiness
certificate for logging flight time to meet the requirements for a
certificate, rating, or recent flight experience under part 61. The
FAA's response has been that the aircraft must be of the category,
class (if class is applicable), and type (if type is applicable) listed
under Sec. 61.5(b)(1) through (7), or the aircraft must hold an
experimental airworthiness certificate.
With the issuance of Public Law 106-424, dated November 1, 2000,
pilots for a Federal, State, county, or municipal law enforcement
agency can log flight time for the purposes of meeting the aeronautical
experience requirements for a certificate, rating or recent flight
experience under part 61 in limited cases. The stipulation is that the
pilot must be operating a public aircraft, as defined under 49 U.S.C.
40102, and the aircraft must be identifiable as a category and class of
aircraft, as listed under Sec. 61.5(b), and being used in law
enforcement activities of a Federal, State, county, or municipal law
enforcement agency.
(29) Proposal to establish the criteria and standards for logging NVG
time.
Proposed Sec. 61.51(k) would establish the criteria and standards
for logging NVG time. This proposal would establish the minimum
information required to be entered when logging time in a pilot's
logbook. Per proposed Sec. 61.51(k)(3), the required information that
is required to be logged for logging NVG time are the logbook entries
covered under Sec. 61.51(b).
Under the proposal, a pilot may log NVG time using NVGs as the sole
visual reference of the surface in an operation conducted in an
aircraft at night (during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and
ending 1 hour before sunrise) in flight. Alternatively, a pilot may log
NVG time in a flight simulator or in a flight training device provided
the flight simulator or flight training device's lighting system has
been adjusted to replicate the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and
ending 1 hour before sunrise.
Under proposed Sec. 61.51(k)(2), the rule would establish when an
authorized instructor may log NVG time. The instructor must be
conducting NVG training and must be using NVGs as the sole visual
reference of the surface. The time must be in an aircraft operated at
night in flight, or in a flight simulator or flight training device
with the lighting system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1
hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.
(30) Proposal to amend the instrument recent flight experience tasks
and iterations and to allow use of personal computer aviation training
devices, flight simulators, and flight training devices for maintaining
instrument recent flight experience.
In Sec. 61.57(c), the FAA proposes to amend the instrument flight
experience tasks and iterations and to allow use of PCATD, flight
simulators (FS), and flight training devices (FTD) for maintaining
instrument recent flight experience.
The proposed change to Sec. 61.57(c) would clarify that a person
who acts as pilot in command under IFR or weather conditions less than
the minimums prescribed for VFR is required to look back 6 calendar
months from the date of the flight to determine whether the instrument
flight experience requirements were met. For example, if a pilot
intends to act as pilot in command under IFR (or in weather conditions
less than the minimums prescribed for VFR) on a flight that is to occur
on February 24, 2007, the pilot would count backwards 6 calendar months
from the date of the flight to August 2006. The pilot would have to
have performed and logged the instrument recent flight experience
requirements between August 1, 2006 and February 24, 2007.
For maintaining instrument flight experience in airplanes, powered-
lifts, helicopters, and airships, the proposal would require the pilot
to perform and log the instrument flight experience in an airplane,
powered-lift, helicopter, or airship that is appropriate to the
category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges that the
pilot desires to maintain. This instrument flight experience could be
completed in either actual instrument meteorological conditions or
under simulated instrument conditions with the use of a view-limiting
device. The instrument flight experience and iterations must include at
least:
Six instrument approaches consisting of both precision and
non-precision approaches;
One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one
complete holding pattern at an intersection or waypoint; and
One hour of simulated cross-country practice operation
that involves intercepting and tracking courses through the use of
navigation systems while performing a takeoff phase, area departure
phase, enroute phase, area arrival phase, approach phase, and a missed
approach phase of flight.
Subject to certain limitations, a pilot could choose to either
complete the instrument experience requirements in an aircraft and/or
through use of an FS, FTD, or PCATD. The simulation devices would have
to be representative of the category of aircraft for the instrument
rating privileges that the pilot desires to maintain.
Under proposed Sec. 61.57(c)(2), a person could use an FS or FTD
exclusively by performing and logging at least 3 hours of instrument
recent flight experience within the 6 calendar months before the date
of the flight.
Under proposed Sec. 61.57(c)(3), a person could use a PCATD
exclusively by having performed and logged at least 3 hours of
instrument recent experience within the 2 calendar months before the
date of the flight. We have deliberately proposed differences between
the use of a PCATD and an FS or FTD because use of a PCATD to maintain
instrument recent experience is a relatively new concept, and the FAA
wants to further evaluate its use before we allow use of PCATDs equal
to that of FSs and FTDs.
Under proposed Sec. 61.57(c)(4), a person could combine use of the
aircraft and an FS, FTD, or PCATD to obtain instrument experience. When
a pilot elects to combine use of an aircraft and a simulation device,
we would require, under proposed Sec. 61.57(c)(4),
[[Page 5818]]
completion of one hour of instrument flight time in the aircraft and 3
hours in the FS, FTD, or PCATD within the preceding 6 calendar months.
Under proposed Sec. 61.57(c)(5), a person could combine use of an
FS or FTD, and a PCATD to obtain instrument recent experience. When a
pilot elects this combination, we would require one hour in an FS or
FTD, and 3 hours in a PCATD within the preceding 6 calendar months.
Under proposed Sec. 61.57(c)(6), the instrument tasks and
iterations for maintaining instrument flight experience in a glider
would be amended and require the pilot to have:
Performed and logged at least 1 hour of instrument time in
flight in a glider or in a single-engine airplane performing cross-
country practice operations that involved intercepting and tracking
courses through the use of navigation systems while performing an area
departure phase, enroute phase, and area arrival phase of flight; and
At least 2 hours of instrument flight time in a glider or
in a single-engine airplane performing straight glides, turns to
specific headings, steep turns, flight at various airspeeds,
navigation, and slow flight and stalls. However, if the pilot were to
carry passenger(s) in a glider under IFR or in weather conditions less
than the minimums prescribed for VFR, the 2 hours of instrument recent
flight experience would have to be performed in a glider performing
performance maneuvers, performance airspeeds, navigation, and slow
flight and stalls.
The person would be required to log this instrument recent flight
experience, tasks, and iterations in their logbook to show
accomplishment of this instrument training. The person would be
required to use a view-limiting device when performing this instrument
recent flight experience or be in actual instrument meteorological
conditions.
(31) Proposal to clarify when a person must perform an instrument
proficiency check to act as the PIC under IFR or in weather conditions
less than minimums prescribed for VFR.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.57(d) to clarify when a person,
who has not met the instrument recent flight experience of Sec.
61.57(c), must perform an instrument proficiency check to act as the
PIC under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums
prescribed for VFR. The proposal would require a pilot who has not
complied with the instrument recent experience requirement of Sec.
61.57(c) within the preceding 12 calendar months to complete an
instrument proficiency check to regain PIC instrument qualifications.
The proficiency check would have to be performed in the same aircraft
category that is appropriate to the instrument privileges desired. The
proficiency check would consist of the tasks listed in the practical
test standards for the instrument rating appropriate to the aircraft
category.
As explained in the discussion of proposed Sec. 61.57(c), this
proposal would require a pilot to perform and log the instrument recent
flight experience within the preceding six calendar months from the
date of the flight to act as the PIC under IFR or in weather conditions
less than the minimums prescribed for VFR. Under proposed Sec.
61.57(d), if the pilot has not performed and logged the required
instrument recent flight experience within the preceding six calendar
months from the date of the flight, the pilot is given an additional 6
calendar months to perform and log the required instrument recent
flight experience. However, during this 6-month period, the pilot may
not act as the PIC under IFR or in weather conditions less than the
minimums prescribed for VFR until the pilot performs and logs the
required instrument recent flight experience of proposed Sec.
61.57(c). If during this 6-month period, the pilot does not accomplish
the required instrument recent flight experience, then the pilot would
have to perform an instrument proficiency check to regain his or her
instrument currency.
For example, if a pilot is intending to act as pilot in command
under IFR (or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed
for VFR) on a flight on February 24, 2007, and the pilot has not
completed the required instrument recent flight experience of proposed
Sec. 61.57(c), then the pilot would count backwards 12 calendar months
from the date of the flight. Thus, the pilot would have to have
performed and logged the instrument recent flight experience
requirements at sometime between February 24, 2007, and February 1,
2006, to avoid being required to submit to an instrument proficiency
check.
(32) Proposal to establish a recent flight experience requirement for
acting as a PIC in a night vision goggle operation.
Proposed Sec. 61.57(f) would establish a recent flight experience
requirement to remain PIC qualified for ``NVG operations.'' To
understand the term, ``NVG operations,'' it is necessary to further
clarify the term ``flight.'' The term ``flight'' means a takeoff and
landing, with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern.
Thus, a person who performs six takeoffs and landings, with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern, and uses NVGs to
maintain visual reference may log six ``NVG operations.''
For a pilot to act as a PIC using NVGs with passengers on board,
the pilot, within the preceding 2 calendar months, would have to
perform and document the tasks under proposed Sec. 61.57(f) as the
sole manipulator of the controls during the time period that begins 1
hour after sunset and ends 1 hour before sunrise. If the pilot had not
performed and logged the tasks under Sec. 61.57(f), then the FAA would
allow the pilot an additional 2 calendar months to perform and log the
tasks under Sec. 61.57(f). However, the pilot would not be allowed to
carry passengers during this second 2-month period. If the pilot had
still not performed and logged the NVG tasks in proposed Sec. 61.57(f)
during those additional 2 calendar months, then the pilot would be
required to pass a NVG proficiency check to act as a PIC using night
vision goggles.
To explain this ``2 calendar month'' currency criteria in proposed
Sec. 61.57(f)(1), lets say for the sake of explaining this that the
proposal becomes a final rule effective December 1, 2006. In this
example, today is now February 24, 2007 and the pilot intends to act as
pilot in command using NVGs with passengers on board a flight. The
pilot would count backwards 2 calendar months from the date of the
flight which means the pilot would count backwards from February 24,
2007, the month of January, 2007, and through the month of December,
2006 to December 1, 2006). Therefore, the pilot would have to have
performed and logged the required NVG operating experience between
December 1, 2006 and February 24, 2007.
Under proposed Sec. 61.57(f)(2), if a pilot has not performed and
logged the required NVG recent flight experience between December 1,
2006 and February 24, 2007, then that pilot would have to perform and
log the required NVG operating experience by April 30, 2007 to act as
the pilot in command during March 2007 through April 2007 using NVGs,
but could not carry passengers on board. Otherwise, per proposed Sec.
61.57(f)(2), the pilot is given 2 additional months to perform and log
the required NVG operating experience, but during that period cannot
carry passengers until he/she has performed and logged the required NVG
operating experience.
[[Page 5819]]
(33) Proposal to establish a NVG proficiency check requirement to act
as a PIC of a night vision goggle operation.
Proposed Sec. 61.57(g) would establish a proficiency check to be
PIC qualified for NVG operations. Also, this proposal would establish a
proficiency check to regain PIC qualifications for NVG operations when
the pilot's NVG privileges have lapsed.
Proposed Sec. 61.57(g) would require a pilot who has not complied
with the NVG operating experience requirement of proposed Sec.
61.57(f) to complete a NVG proficiency check to regain PIC NVG
qualifications. The proficiency check would have to be performed in the
same aircraft category that is appropriate to the NVG operation
desired. The proficiency check would consist of the tasks listed in
proposed Sec. 61.31(l) and would be administered by an individual
listed under Sec. 61.31(l).
(34) Proposal to amend Sec. 61.59 to parallel Sec. 67.403 to
standardize the language between the rules.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.59(a) and (b) and add (c), in
part, to parallel the provisions under existing Sec. 67.403. This
proposal would standardize the language in this chapter on
falsification, reproduction, and alteration of applications,
certificates, logbooks, reports, and records for the purposes of
simplicity and clarity.
(35) Proposal to amend the format and re-structure of Sec. 61.63.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.63 to simplify its format,
structure, and move paragraphs (e), (f), and (g), which address the
usage and limitations of the flight simulator and flight training
device, to proposed Sec. 61.64.
The FAA proposes to revise existing Sec. 61.63(c)(3) to clarify
its applicability to those applicants who hold only a lighter-than-air
(LTA)-Balloon rating and who seek an LTA-Airship rating. Currently, the
word ``only'' does not appear in Sec. 61.63(c)(3).
The FAA proposes minor amendments to Sec. 61.63(d) to clarify the
requirements for an additional type rating and a type rating sought
concurrently with an additional aircraft category and class rating.
The FAA proposes to revise existing Sec. 61.63(h) (and re-
designate it to proposed Sec. 61.63(e)) to clarify the use of an
aircraft on a practical test for a type rating that is not capable of
instrument maneuvers and procedures and the issuance of a type rating
with a VFR limitation under these circumstances.
The FAA proposes to revise existing Sec. 61.63(i) (and re-
designate it to proposed Sec. 61.63(f)) to clarify that an applicant
for a type rating in a multiengine airplane with single-pilot station
must perform the practical test in the multi-pilot seat version of that
multiengine airplane. Or, the practical test may be performed in the
single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position
to observe the applicant during the practical test in the case where
there is no multi-seat version of that multiengine airplane. This
proposal parallels the same requirements under proposed Sec. 61.157(h)
(existing Sec. 61.157(k)) for a type rating in a multiengine airplane
with single-pilot station.
The FAA proposes to amend existing Sec. 61.63(j) (and re-designate
it to proposed Sec. 61.63(g)) to clarify that an applicant for a type
rating at other than ATP certification level for a single engine
airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in
the multi-pilot seat version of that single engine airplane. Or, the
practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that
airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant
during the practical test in the case where there is no multi-seat
version of that single engine airplane. This proposal would parallel
the requirements under proposed Sec. 61.157(i) (existing Sec.
61.157(l)) for a type rating in a single engine airplane with single-
pilot station at the ATP certification level.
Proposed Sec. 61.63(i) would permit an Examiner who conducts a
practical test for an additional aircraft rating under this section to
waive any of the tasks that the FAA has approved waiver authority. This
proposal would parallel the proposed requirements under proposed Sec.
61.157(j) (existing Sec. 61.157(m)) at the ATP certification level.
(36) Proposal to address the use and limitations of flight simulators
and flight training devices.
The FAA proposes to add Sec. 61.64 that would address the use and
limitations of flight simulators and flight training devices for
additional aircraft ratings and for aircraft ratings at the ATP
certification level. These requirements currently are found under Sec.
61.63(e), (f), and (g). Additionally, proposed Sec. 61.64 would
incorporate the parallel requirements for flight simulators and flight
training devices that currently are found under Sec. 61.157(g), (h),
and (i) at the ATP certification level. The purpose of these changes is
to clarify and simplify Sec. 61.63 and Sec. 61.157 and place the use
and limitation requirements for flight simulators and flight training
devices in one section.
Proposed Sec. 61.64(a) through (f) would clarify when an applicant
may use a flight simulator or flight training device for all training,
when an applicant may use a flight simulator for all of the required
practical test, when the supervising operating experience (SOE)
limitation on an applicant's pilot certificate is required, and when
the SOE limitation may be removed.
Proposed 61.64(a) would allow an applicant to use a flight
simulator for all of the training and the practical test for the
airplane category, class, or type rating, provided the flight simulator
and the applicant meet specific qualifications under proposed Sec.
61.64(a)(1) through (3).
Proposed Sec. 61.64(b) would allow an applicant for the airplane
category, class, or type rating to use a flight training device for
training only if the flight training device meets the specific
qualifications under proposed Sec. 61.64(b)(1) through (4). The rule
would further make clear that a flight training device may not be used
for any portion of the practical test. This is not a change to the
existing requirements, but a clarification.
Proposed Sec. 61.64(c) would allow an applicant to use a flight
simulator for all of the training and the practical test for the
helicopter class or type rating, provided the flight simulator and the
applicant meet the specific qualifications under proposed Sec.
61.64(c)(1) and (2).
Proposed Sec. 61.64(d) would allow an applicant for the helicopter
class or type rating to use a flight training device for training only
if the flight training device meets specific qualifications under
proposed Sec. 61.64(d)(1) through (4). The rule would further make
clear that a flight training device may not be used for any portion of
the practical test. This is not a change to the existing requirements
but a clarification.
Proposed Sec. 61.64 (e) would state that an applicant may use a
flight simulator for all of the training and the practical test for the
powered-lift category or type rating, provided the flight simulator and
the applicant meet specific qualifications under proposed Sec.
61.64(e)(1) and (2).
Proposed Sec. 61.64(f) would allow an applicant for the powered-
lift category or type rating to use a flight training device for
training only if the flight training device meets specific
qualifications under proposed Sec. 61.64(f)(1) through (4). The rule
would further clarify that a flight training device may not be used for
any portion of the practical test. This is not a change
[[Page 5820]]
to the existing requirements but a clarification.
As a result of current language in existing paragraphs (e), (f),
and (g) of Sec. 61.63 and paragraphs (g), (h), and (i) of Sec.
61.157, there is confusion as to whether an applicant could complete
all training and testing for a type rating in a simulator when there is
a supervised operating experience limitation on the applicant's pilot
certificate for that aircraft type rating. Proposed Sec.
61.64(a)(2)(i), (c)(2)(i), and (e)(2)(i) would specify that a type
rating cannot contain the supervised operating experience limitation
(i.e., ``This certificate is subject to pilot in command limitations
for the additional rating'') for an applicant to use a flight simulator
for all (emphasis added) training and testing for a type rating. A
flight simulator may be used for some of the required training and
testing for a type rating, but not ``all'' the required training and
testing. The kinds and amount of training and testing that would be
permitted to be performed in a flight simulator is what the flight
simulator is approved for and in accordance with proposed Sec.
61.64(a)(4)(i) and (b), (c)(3)(i) and (d), or (e)(3)(i) or (f), as
appropriate for the category of aircraft and type rating sought.
Proposed Sec. 61.64(a)(1)(iii), (c)(1)(iii), and (e)(1)(iii) would
establish that at minimum a Level C flight simulator is required if an
applicant wishes to use a flight simulator on a practical test for an
aircraft rating. Proposed Sec. 61.64(a)(1)(iv), (c)(1)(iv), and
(e)(1)(iv) would establish that at minimum a Level A flight simulator
is required for an applicant to use a flight simulator for training.
(37) Proposal to require at least 10 hours of cross-country time as
pilot in command to be in the category of aircraft appropriate to the
instrument rating sought.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.65 to conform the FAA's
instrument rating cross-country time requirements as PIC with the
corresponding International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
requirements. Proposed Sec. 61.65(d) would address the aeronautical
experience and training for the instrument-airplane rating. Proposed
Sec. 61.65(e) would address the aeronautical experience and training
for the instrument-helicopter rating. Proposed Sec. 61.65(f) would
address the aeronautical experience and training for the instrument-
powered-lift rating. As an example, ICAO Annex 1, paragraph 2.10.1.2.2
requires that an applicant for an instrument-helicopter rating log at
least of 10 hours of cross-country time as pilot in command in a
helicopter. Currently, Sec. 61.65(d)(1) merely states ``At least 50
hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which at
least 10 hours must be in airplanes for an instrument-airplane
rating.'' It does not account for the instrument-helicopter rating or
the instrument-powered-lift rating.
(38) Proposal to allow 10 hours of the instrument training to be
performed on a personal computer aviation training device (PCATD).
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.65 by adding paragraph (h),
which would allow 10 hours of instrument training for the instrument
rating to be performed on a PCATD. The instrument training may be given
by the holder of a ground instructor certificate with an instrument
rating or by a holder of a flight instructor certificate with an
instrument rating appropriate to the instrument rating sought. The 10
hours of instrument training given in a PCATD would be included in the
20 hours of instrument training allowed to be performed in a flight
simulator or a flight training device under proposed Sec. 61.65(e).
For a PCATD to be used for instrument training under proposed Sec.
61.65, the PCATD, instrument training, and instrument tasks would have
to be approved by the FAA. The instrument training on a PCATD would
have to be provided by an authorized instructor. For a person to
receive the maximum 10 hours of credit in a PCATD, the person may not
have logged and be credited for more than 10 hours of instrument
training in a flight simulator or flight training device. A view-
limiting device would have to be worn by the applicant when logging
instrument training in the PCATD. The instrument training and
instrument tasks that may be approved for performance on a PCATD would
be listed in proposed Sec. 61.65(f). The FAA specifically requests
comments on whether, and to what extent, we should allow use of a PCATD
for providing instrument training for the instrument rating.
(39) Proposal to correct a typographical error in Sec. 61.69(a)(4).
The FAA is proposing to correct a typographical error in which the
word ``or'' was erroneously deleted from Sec. 61.69(a)(4) during the
writing of the ``Certification of Aircraft and Airmen for the Operation
of Light-Sport Aircraft'' Final Rule (See 69 FR 44866; July 27, 2004).
With the issuance of that rule, paragraph (a)(4) was revised to read:
``Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, [the pilot] has
logged at least three flights as the sole manipulator of the controls
of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle
simulating towing flight procedures while accompanied by a pilot who
meets the requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section.'' The
word ``or'' was erroneously deleted between the words ``vehicle'' and
``simulating.''
This correction proposes to re-insert the word ``or'' and to make a
minor grammatical revision to paragraph (a)(4) so that the rule will
read: ``(4) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, [the
pilot] has logged at least three flights as the sole manipulator of the
controls of an aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight
vehicle, or that person simulates towing flight procedures in an
aircraft while accompanied by a pilot who meets the requirements of
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section.''
(40) Proposal to amend the recent flight experience for tow pilots by
increasing the time allowed for achieving the required currency to 24
calendar months.
The FAA is proposing to amend Sec. 61.69(a)(6) for persons who
serve as tow pilots for glider towing operations by increasing the time
limits for when a pilot must have completed the required recent flight
experience from 12 to 24 calendar months. This proposal responds
favorably to a recommendation from the Soaring Safety Foundation that
the existing time limits for recent flight experience may be
unnecessarily onerous and cannot be supported by any accident
statistics.
(41) Proposal to amend certain special rules affecting U.S. military
pilots and former U.S. military pilots who apply for FAA pilot
certification.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.73 by deleting the requirement
under Sec. 61.73(b) that current and former pilots of the U.S. Armed
Forces must be on active flying status within the past 12 months to
qualify for a pilot certificate and rating under these special rules.
Under this proposal, U.S. military pilots and former U.S. military
pilots would qualify for their civilian pilot certificate and ratings
on the basis of their past qualifications as a U.S. military pilot,
completion of the military competency aeronautical knowledge test, and
accomplishment of a flight review under existing Sec. 61.57.
The FAA proposes new Sec. 61.73(b)(2) to clarify that the
aeronautical knowledge test that military pilots are
[[Page 5821]]
required to take is the ``military competency'' aeronautical knowledge
test.
The FAA proposes new paragraph Sec. 61.73(b)(3) that would change
the pilot status for qualifying for a pilot certificate and ratings
under these special rules from ``pilot in command'' to ``pilot'' in the
U.S. Armed Forces. The U.S. military's pilot qualification and flight
time recording documents and procedures have changed since the initial
establishment of Sec. 61.73. The U.S. Armed Forces no longer issues
pilot in command orders to its graduates who complete its Undergraduate
Pilot Training Course. Pilot in command status occurs when military
pilots report to their permanent duty assignment and complete
additional unit checkouts. However, the FAA has determined that the
end-of-course test for graduation from a current U.S. military
Undergraduate Pilot Training Course is similar in scope and content as
it was for military pilots when Sec. 61.73 was initially established.
The FAA proposes new paragraph Sec. 61.73(c) that would establish
that a military pilot of the Armed Forces of a foreign contracting
State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation who has been
assigned pilot duties (for other than for flight training) with the
U.S. Armed Forces would not be required to first hold a current civil
pilot license from that contracting State's civil aviation authority.
The FAA finds there is no safety reason for the existing requirement.
Thus, foreign military pilots who are assigned to U.S. military units
would be afforded the opportunity to be issued U.S. commercial pilot
certificates and ratings appropriate to their military pilot
qualifications.
The FAA proposes to amend existing Sec. 61.73(f) and re-designate
it as paragraph (e). The purpose of this proposal is to further clarify
that a military pilot may qualify for a type rating to be added to a
pilot certificate provided there is a comparable civilian type
designation of that military aircraft.
(42) Proposal to establish a new privilege and procedures for issuing
flight instructor certificates and ratings to U.S. military instructor
pilots.
The FAA proposes to add Sec. 61.73(g) to establish a new privilege
and procedure for issuing flight instructor certificates and ratings to
U.S. military instructor pilots who graduate from an U.S. military
instructor pilot school with an instructor pilot qualification.
The FAA has been participating in a U.S. Department of Labor
program that encourages governmental agencies to recognize U.S.
military training and qualification. For years, the FAA has recognized
the training and qualifications of U.S. military pilots and has issued
FAA commercial pilot and instrument rating certification to military
rated pilots who graduate from a U.S. Armed Forces undergraduate pilot
training school. The FAA now proposes to issue flight instructor
certificates and ratings to rated military instructor pilots who
graduate from an instructor pilot course of the U.S. Armed Forces. To
be issued a flight instructor certificate and rating, a military
instructor pilot would have to pass a knowledge test that covers the
aeronautical knowledge areas listed under Sec. 61.185(a) of this part
that are appropriate to the military instructor pilot ratings and
privileges held. This would mean that the applicant would have to pass
the appropriate knowledge tests that cover the aeronautical knowledge
areas on:
Fundamentals of instructing, including the learning
process, elements of effective teaching, student evaluation and
testing, course development, lesson planning, and classroom training
techniques;
Recreational, private, and commercial pilot certification,
applicable to the aircraft category for which flight instructor
privileges are sought; and
The aeronautical knowledge areas for the instrument rating
applicable to the category for which instrument flight instructor
privileges are sought.
Additionally, a U.S. military instructor pilot would be required to
show the documentation described in proposed Sec. 61.73(g)(3) to an
FAA Aviation Safety Inspector, FAA Aviation Safety Technician, or an
authorized Examiner (this would mean, authorized to issue the flight
instructor certificate and rating(s) to a U.S. military instructor
pilot).
(43) Proposal to clarify, simplify, and list the documents required for
proving rated U.S. military pilot status to qualify for FAA pilot
certification.
Proposed Sec. 61.73(h) would clarify, simplify, and list the
documents required for proving a current or former rated military pilot
is qualified for FAA pilot certification. The purpose is to respond to
inquiries received by the FAA on what documents are required to show
proof as a rated military pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces.
(44) Proposal to require that a foreign pilot who applies for an U.S.
private pilot certificate on the basis of the person's foreign pilot
license must hold at least a foreign private pilot license.
Proposed Sec. 61.75(a) and (b) would require that a foreign pilot
who applies for an U.S. private pilot certificate on the basis of that
person's foreign pilot license hold at least a foreign private pilot
license. Additionally, the proposal would require the foreign pilot
license to be ``valid,'' which means it has not been surrendered,
suspended, revoked, or expired.
Before the August 4, 1997, amendments to part 61 (hereinafter to be
referred to as the ``1997 Amendments''), Sec. 61.75 provided that to
apply for a U.S. pilot certificate on the basis of a foreign pilot
license, the pilot had to hold a foreign pilot license at the level of
private pilot certificate or higher. The foreign pilot license also had
to be issued by a member State to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation. Under the 1997 Amendments, the requirement that the foreign
pilot license to be at the level of private pilot certificate or higher
was deleted without considering that there are some foreign countries
that issue pilot certificates below the private pilot license (i.e.,
recreational pilot licenses, sport pilot licenses, or private pilot
licenses with a limitation that restricts the exercising of the foreign
pilot license to a particular foreign country). (See 62 FR 16257 and
16321). Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.77 (a) and (b) to
clarify that the foreign pilot license used to apply for the U.S.
private pilot certificate under the provisions of this section must be
at a private pilot license level or higher, without geographical
restrictions, or otherwise meets at least the private pilot licensing
requirements of Annex 1 of the International Civil Aviation
Organization.
(45) Proposal to permit the issuance of a U.S. private pilot
certificate to foreign pilots who hold a U.S. student pilot
certificate.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.75(b)(3) to clarify that a
foreign person may apply for a U.S. private pilot certificate if that
person holds a U.S. student pilot certificate.
Prior to the 1997 Amendments, Sec. 61.75(b)(3) allowed a U.S.
pilot certificate to be issued to the holder of a foreign pilot
certificate if ``he [did] not hold a U.S. pilot certificate of private
pilot grade or higher.'' When the FAA amended Sec. 61.75(b)(3), it
deleted the words ``of private pilot grade or higher'' to accommodate
the recreational pilot
[[Page 5822]]
certificate without considering that this change would seem to
eliminate foreign persons from being able to hold U.S. student pilot
certificates. This was unintentional. Thus, under this proposal, we
want to clarify that a foreign person may hold a U.S. student pilot
certificate and apply for a Sec. 61.75 U.S. private pilot certificate.
Furthermore, it should be understood that foreign persons may apply for
and receive U.S. pilot certificates through the standard part 61 pilot
certification process or under the special provisions and procedures of
Sec. 61.75.
(46) Proposal to clarify that an aircraft rating on a pilot certificate
based on a foreign pilot license is issued for private pilot
certificate privileges only.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.75(c) to clarify that an
aircraft rating on a U.S. pilot certificate that was issued on the
basis of rating(s) held on the person's foreign pilot license is issued
for private pilot privileges only.
Before the 1997 Amendments, a person who held a current commercial
pilot license or higher level foreign pilot license issued by a
contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation
(ICAO) could apply for and be issued U.S. commercial pilot certificate
with the appropriate ratings. When Sec. 61.75 was amended, the rule
provided for the issuance of a U.S. pilot certificate at the private
pilot certification level only. Specifically, Sec. 61.75(a) permits a
holder of a current foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State
to ICAO to ``apply for and be issued a private pilot certificate with
the appropriate ratings when the application is based on the foreign
pilot license * * *.'' However, there is some confusion as to whether
Sec. 61.75(c) applies to additional ratings for those foreign pilots
who were issued U.S. pilot certificates under Sec. 61.75. Therefore,
to further clarify Sec. 61.75(c) so that it conforms to the existing
requirements of Sec. 61.75(a), which limits the issuance of the U.S.
pilot certificate to the private pilot certificate, the FAA proposes to
add the phrase ``for private pilot privileges only'' to Sec. 61.75(c).
(47) Proposal to correct an error under Sec. 61.75 that states ``U.S.
private pilot certificate'' when it should state ``U.S. pilot
certificate''.
Before the 1997 Amendments, the FAA had issued U.S. commercial
pilot certificates to holders of foreign commercial pilot licenses or
higher who applied for our U.S. commercial pilot certificate and
ratings on the basis of Sec. 61.75. When the FAA amended paragraph (e)
under Sec. 61.75, the rule was changed to read a person who receives a
``U.S. private pilot certificate.'' The rule, however, needs to account
for those outstanding foreign pilots who hold U.S. commercial pilot
certificates. Accordingly, the FAA proposes to amend:
Paragraph (e) by changing the phrase ``U.S. private pilot
certificate'' to ``U.S. pilot certificate.''
Paragraph (e)(1) by amending the phrase ``U.S. private
pilot privileges'' to ``with the pilot privileges authorized by this
part and the limitations placed on that U.S. pilot certificate.''
Paragraph (e)(4) by changing the phrase ``U.S. private
pilot certificate'' to read ``U.S. pilot certificate.''
Paragraph (f) of Sec. 61.75 in two places by changing the
phrase ``may be used as basis for issuing a U.S. private pilot
certificate'' to read ``may be used as basis for issuing a U.S. pilot
certificate.'' And in the second sentence change the phrase ``used as a
basis for issuing a U.S. private pilot certificate'' to ``used as a
basis for issuing a U.S. pilot certificate.''
The title phrase of paragraph (g) under Sec. 61.75; where
it states ``Limitation placed on a U.S. private pilot certificate,'' it
would read ``Limitation placed on a U.S. pilot certificate.'' The FAA
proposes to amend paragraph (g) in two other places by revising the
phrase that reads ``A U.S. private pilot certificate issued under this
section'' to read ``A U.S. pilot certificate issued under this
section.'' And, where it reads ``upon which the issuance of the U.S.
private pilot certificate,'' it would be changed to read ``upon which
the issuance of the U.S. pilot certificate.''
(48) Proposal to clarify the requirements for issuance of Special
Purpose Pilot Authorizations.
The FAA proposes to amend various paragraphs under Sec. 61.77 to
address some confusion about the special purpose pilot authorizations
and correct some inconsistencies. The special purpose pilot
authorization is a letter issued by the FAA to a foreign pilot for the
purpose of performing pilot duties on a civil aircraft of U.S. registry
that is leased to a person who is not a citizen of the United States
and for carrying persons or property for compensation or hire.
Ever since Sec. 61.77 was last revised under the 1997 Amendments,
there has been confusion as to who could be issued a special purpose
pilot authorization and what kind of operations are permitted under a
special purpose pilot authorization. See 62 FR 16220. For example, the
FAA discovered that a foreign corporate operator had been issued
special purpose pilot authorizations in error. The FAA never intended
that special purpose pilot authorizations be issued to foreign
corporate operators that are not performing the carriage of persons or
property for compensation or hire. Foreign pilots involved in part 91
operations have the ability to apply for and receive U.S. pilot
certificates in accordance with Sec. 61.75 or through the standard
part 61 pilot certification process. Therefore, the FAA proposes to add
Sec. 61.77(a)(2)(i) through (iv) to clarify what kind of operations
foreign pilots are required to be performing to be eligible for a
special purpose pilot authorization.
Additionally, the FAA determined that the citizenship or resident
status requirement under existing Sec. 61.77(b)(1) conflicts with the
policy authorizing holders of foreign pilot licenses to serve as pilots
in U.S. registered aircraft for the kinds of flight operations covered
by special purpose pilot authorizations. Thus, the citizenship or
resident status requirement is unnecessary. The proposal would delete
the phrase ``from which the person holds citizenship or resident
status'' under Sec. 61.77(b)(1) because some pilots of foreign air
carriers do not even hold citizenship or resident status in the country
from which they hold their pilot licenses, as is the case of U. S.
citizens who serve as flight crewmembers aboard U.S. registered
aircraft for foreign air carriers. Therefore, we have determined this
requirement in Sec. 61.77(b)(1) is burdensome and unnecessary.
Furthermore, the FAA proposes to delete Sec. 61.77(b)(5) (i.e., a
recent flight experience requirement under Sec. 61.57 to be issued a
special purpose pilot authorization) because the normal procedure for
issuing special purpose pilot authorizations requires the foreign air
carriers only to send the application and copies of the person's
foreign pilot and medical licenses to the FAA and does not require the
airman to appear in person to the FAA. The FAA has no way of
determining whether the pilot has complied with Sec. 61.57 currency
requirements. Therefore, the FAA proposes to delete existing Sec.
61.77(b)(5).
(49) Proposal to require a student pilot certificate to apply for a
recreational pilot certificate.
Proposed Sec. 61.96(b)(9) would require a person to hold a student
pilot certificate to apply for a recreational pilot certificate. The
FAA believes the rules implicitly require a person to hold a student
pilot certificate before making application for a recreational pilot
certificate. To apply for a recreational
[[Page 5823]]
pilot certificate, an applicant must log at least 3 hours of solo
flight time. See 14 CFR Sec. 61.99(b). To operate an aircraft in solo
flight, the person must hold at least a student pilot certificate. See
14 CFR Sec. 61.87(l)(1). However, to avoid confusion, we are proposing
to explicitly require a person to hold a student pilot certificate
before applying for a recreational pilot certificate.
(50) Proposal to allow recreational pilot certificate holders to act as
PIC in rotorcraft with more than a 180 horsepower powerplant.
Currently, holders of recreational pilot certificates are limited
from acting as PIC of an aircraft that is certificated ``with a
powerplant of more than 180 horsepower.'' The purpose for the more than
180 horsepower powerplant limitation is to keep recreational pilot
certificate holders in slower, less complex aircraft. The FAA has
determined that the 180 horsepower powerplant limitation is not
appropriate for helicopters or gyroplanes. For example, the Bell 47 is
a 1950-era helicopter that is simple in design and quite easy to fly.
However, because some Bell 47 helicopters' engines exceed the 180
horsepower rating, holders of recreational pilot certificates are
restricted from acting as PIC of those helicopters. Therefore, the FAA
proposes to amend Sec. 61.101(e)(1)(iii) to exclude aircraft that are
certificated in the rotorcraft category from the 180 horsepower
powerplant limitation. The 180 horsepower powerplant limitation would
only apply to aircraft certificated in the airplane category.
(51) Proposal that a person must hold either a student pilot
certificate or a recreational pilot certificate to apply for a private
pilot certificate.
Proposed Sec. 61.103(j) would require a person to hold either a
student pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate to apply
for a private pilot certificate.
The rules implicitly require a person to either hold a student
pilot or recreational pilot certificate before making application for a
private pilot certificate. To apply for a private pilot certificate, an
applicant must log at least 10 hours of solo flight time. See 14 CFR
Sec. 61.109. To operate an aircraft in solo flight, the person must
hold at least a student pilot certificate. See 14 CFR Sec.
61.87(l)(1). However, to address any possible confusion, the proposed
change would explicitly require that a person hold either a student
pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate to apply for a
private pilot certificate.
(52) Proposal to amend the solo cross-country mileage requirements for
consistency with the mileage requirements under the definition of
``cross-country.''
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.109(a)(5)(ii), (b)(5)(ii), and
(e)(5)(ii) to standardize use of the term ``cross-country'' throughout
part 61. Under Sec. 61.1(b)(3)(ii), the FAA defines the distance of a
cross-country flight, in pertinent part, as ``more than 50 nautical
miles.'' Under Sec. 61.109(a)(5)(ii), (b)(5)(ii), and (e)(5)(ii), the
regulations erroneously state, ``of at least 50 nautical miles''
(emphasis added). The proposal amends all definitions of ``cross-
country'' to read ``more than 50 nautical miles.''
(53) Proposal to amend the solo cross-country mileage requirement for
the private pilot-helicopter rating.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.109(c)(4)(ii) so the cross-
country distance requirement for the helicopter rating at the private
pilot certification level conforms to the ICAO requirements for the
helicopter rating and also conforms to the definition of cross-country
distance under Sec. 61.1(b)(3)(v).
The existing solo cross-country distance requirement under Sec.
61.109(c)(4)(ii) for the private pilot-helicopter rating states that
the solo cross-country flight must be ``at least 75 nautical miles
total distance.'' The ICAO requirements, set forth under Annex I,
paragraph 2.7.1.3.2 require that the total distance be at least 100
nautical miles total distance. Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend the
private pilot-helicopter rating requirement to conform to the ICAO
requirement.
Additionally, the helicopter rating for private pilot certification
under Sec. 61.109(c)(4)(ii) erroneously states ``of at least 25
nautical miles.'' The FAA proposes to amend the rules to read ``more
than 25 nautical miles'' to conform to the definition of ``cross-
country'' under Sec. 61.1(b)(3)(v).
(54) Proposal to amend the solo cross-country mileage requirement for
the private pilot-gyroplane rating.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.109(d)(4)(ii) to conform the
cross-country distance for the gyroplane rating at the private pilot
certification level to the ICAO requirements for the gyroplane rating
and to Sec. 61.1(b)(3)(v).
The existing solo cross-country distance requirement for the
private pilot-gyroplane rating states that the solo cross-country
flight must be ``at least 75 nautical miles total distance.'' The ICAO
requirements, set forth under Annex I, paragraph 2.7.1.3.2, require
that the total distance be at least 100 nautical miles total distance.
Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend the cross-country distance for the
private pilot-gyroplane rating to conform to the ICAO cross-country
distance requirement for the gyroplane rating at the private pilot
certification level.
Additionally, the gyroplane rating for private pilot certification
under Sec. 61.109(d)(4)(ii) erroneously states ``of at least 25
nautical miles.'' The proposal would amend the rules to read ``more
than 25 nautical miles'' in conformance with the definition of ``cross-
country'' under Sec. 61.1(b)(3)(v).
(55) Proposal to add requirements for ground reference maneuvers for
commercial pilot certification--gyroplane rating.
Proposed Sec. 61.127(b)(4)(vi) would require training in ``ground
reference maneuvers'' for the gyroplane rating at the commercial pilot
certification level. When the FAA amended the area of operations under
Sec. 61.127 for the gyroplane rating at the commercial pilot
certification level, the reference to ``ground reference maneuvers''
was deleted. After further review of that decision, the FAA proposes to
re-instate ``ground reference maneuvers'' as an area of operation for
the gyroplane rating at the commercial pilot certification level
because it is believed by both the agency and training providers to be
an important training and certification task. The ground reference
maneuvers must include at least ``eights around a pylon,'' ``eights
along a road,'' ``rectangular course,'' ``S-turns,'' and ``turns around
a point.''
(56) Proposal to delete the requirement for the ``ground reference
maneuver'' in the area of operation for commercial pilot
certification--powered-lift rating.
The FAA proposes to delete the requirement for the ``ground
reference maneuver'' area of operation under Sec. 61.127(b)(5)(vii)
for the powered-lift rating at the commercial pilot certification
level. An FAA Flight Standardization Board determined the ``ground
reference maneuver'' is not appropriate for the powered-lift rating at
the commercial pilot certification level.
(57) Proposal to clarify the tasks required for ``instrument training''
for commercial pilot certification--airplane single-engine rating.
Ever since the instrument aeronautical experience requirement was
adopted under Sec. 61.129 by the 1997 Amendments, we have received
[[Page 5824]]
questions about what is the appropriate training for instrument
aeronautical experience. Therefore, we are proposing Sec.
61.129(a)(3)(i) to clarify the tasks required for ``instrument
aeronautical experience'' for the airplane single-engine rating at the
commercial pilot certification level. Under this proposal, ``instrument
aeronautical experience'' would include at least ``10 hours of
instrument training, of which at least five hours must be in a single-
engine airplane and must include training using a view-limiting device
for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from
unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational
systems.''
(58) Proposal to clarify the tasks required for ``instrument training''
for commercial pilot certification--airplane multiengine rating.
As discussed above in paragraph 57, the regulated community has
asked the FAA to clarify what is considered appropriate training to
cover instrument aeronautical experience. Therefore, we are proposing
Sec. 61.129(b)(3)(i) to clarify the tasks required for ``instrument
training'' for the airplane multiengine rating at the commercial pilot
certification level. This proposal would include at least ``10 hours of
instrument training, of which at least five hours must be in a
multiengine airplane and must include training using a view-limiting
device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems.''
(59) Proposal to allow use of a flight simulator, flight training
device, or PCATD for some of the instrument training required for
commercial pilot certification--helicopter rating.
Proposed Sec. 61.129(c)(3)(i) would allow the instrument training
that is required for the helicopter rating at the commercial pilot
certification level to be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator,
flight training device, or PCATD.
Additionally, the FAA proposes to clarify, in response to questions
raised by the regulated community, the training required to satisfy
instrument training for the helicopter rating at the commercial pilot
certification level. The instrument training would include at least ``5
hours of instrument training and must include training using a view-
limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills,
recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems.''
(60) Proposal to allow use of a flight simulator, flight training
device, or PCATD for some of the instrument training required for
commercial pilot certification--gyroplane rating.
Proposed Sec. 61.129(d)(3)(i) would reduce the number of hours of
instrument training required from 5 to 2.5 hours, and allow the
instrument training required for the gyroplane rating at the commercial
pilot certification level to be performed in an aircraft, flight
simulator, flight training device, or PCATD. The FAA believes that the
training for the commercial pilot--gyroplane rating would be more
useful if the training focused on other tasks. We recognize that
gyroplanes are normally not sufficiently equipped for instrument flight
operations and are flown mostly in day-VMC conditions.
Additionally, the FAA proposes to clarify, because of the number of
questions we have received, the instrument training required to satisfy
the ``instrument training'' required for the gyroplane rating at the
commercial pilot certification level. The instrument training would
have to include at least 2.5 hours of instrument training, including
training using a view-limiting device for attitude instrument flying,
partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and
intercepting and tracking navigational systems.
(61) Proposal to clarify the tasks required for ``instrument training''
for commercial pilot certification--powered-lift rating.
To respond to questions we have received regarding what tasks are
required to constitute ``instrument training,'' we are proposing Sec.
61.129(e)(3)(i) for the powered-lift rating at the commercial pilot
certification level. This proposal would require at least ``10 hours of
instrument training, of which at least five hours must be in a powered-
lift and must include training using a view-limiting device for
attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems.''
(62) Proposal to allow cross-country training flights to be performed
under VFR or IFR.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.129(a)(3)(iii) and (iv),
(b)(3)(iii) and (iv), (c)(3)(ii) and (iii), (d)(3)(ii), (e)(3)(ii) and
(iii), (g)(4)(ii) and (iii) to allow the required cross-country flights
for commercial pilot certification to be performed under VFR or IFR.
Currently, Sec. 61.129 requires one cross-country flight in day
VFR conditions and one cross-country flight in night VFR conditions.
Since establishing these cross-country training requirements, the FAA
has received comments from training schools requesting that we allow
flights to be performed under IFR. According to the schools, most
applicants for commercial pilot certification--airplane rating and some
applicants for the helicopter rating are enrolled in an instrument
rating course at the same time they are undergoing their commercial
pilot certification training. Thus, it would make sense to allow the
cross-country training requirements under Sec. 61.129 to be performed
under IFR. The FAA agrees and is proposing to allow the cross-country
training requirements under Sec. 61.129 for commercial pilot
certification for the airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, and airship
ratings to be performed under VFR or IFR.
(63) Proposal to delete the night training requirement for commercial
pilot certification--gyroplane rating.
The FAA proposes to delete the night cross-country aeronautical
experience requirement under Sec. 61.129(d)(3)(iii) for the gyroplane
rating at the commercial pilot certification level. The FAA is
proposing to replace the night cross-country aeronautical experience
requirement with 2 hours of flight training at night that consists of
ten takeoffs and ten landings at an airport. The reason for this
proposal is that night-time training for the gyroplane rating at the
commercial pilot certification level would be more useful and more
safely conducted in the vicinity of an airport. Gyroplanes have limited
equipment and systems for night-time operations, and a cross country
flight raises some added safety concerns in gyroplanes with their
limited instrument flight and navigation capabilities.
(64) Proposal to amend the commercial pilot certification solo
aeronautical experience requirements to allow the aeronautical
experience to be performed either solo or while performing the duties
of PIC with an instructor on board.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.129(a)(4), (c)(4), (d)(4),
(e)(4), and (g)(2) to allow the commercial pilot certification
aeronautical experience to be conducted either solo or while performing
the duties of PIC with an instructor on board. Even though the
commercial pilot certification aeronautical experience requirements for
a multiengine airplane rating allow
[[Page 5825]]
the aeronautical experience requirements to be conducted either solo or
with an authorized instructor on board (see Sec. 61.129(b)(4)), the
solo aeronautical experience requirements were purposely written
differently for other aircraft categories. This is because comments
received in response to Notice No. 95-11 (60 FR 41160, August 11, 1995)
indicated that some insurance policies prohibit persons who do not
already hold the multiengine airplane category and class rating on
their pilot certificate from flying solo in multiengine airplanes.
Since the adoption of Sec. 61.129, the FAA has learned that some
operators of the other categories and classes of aircraft also have the
same insurance policy restrictions. Many of these aircraft operators
also believe the solo provisions for commercial pilot certification--
multiengine airplane rating that permit the training to be performed
solo or with an instructor to be on board while the applicant is
performing the duties of PIC in a multiengine airplane is beneficial in
teaching crew resource management. Some operators have said that they
would be agreeable to their commercial pilot applicants practicing
abnormal and emergency procedures if the applicant's instructor was on
board. Therefore, the FAA proposes to allow commercial pilot
certification for the single-engine airplane, helicopter, gyroplane,
powered-lift, and airship ratings to be performed either solo or while
performing the duties of PIC with an authorized instructor aboard.
(65) Proposal to clarify the tasks required for the ``instrument
training'' for commercial pilot certification--airship rating.
Ever since the instrument aeronautical experience requirement was
adopted under Sec. 61.129 by the 1997 Amendments, we have received
questions about what is considered appropriate training to cover
instrument aeronautical experience. Proposed Sec. 61.129(g)(3)(i)
would clarify the tasks required for ``instrument training'' for the
airship rating at the commercial pilot certification level to include
the use of a view-limiting device for attitude instrument flying,
partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and
intercepting and tracking navigational systems.
(66) Proposal to revise the ATP eligibility requirements for persons
holding foreign commercial or ATP pilot licenses.
The FAA proposes to make minor revisions to Sec. 61.153(d)(3), the
ATP eligibility requirements for persons holding foreign commercial or
ATP pilot licenses, by including the requirement that the foreign
commercial or ATP pilot license must contain no geographical
limitations. The FAA has determined that a foreign applicant for the
U.S. ATP certificate should not be qualified if the foreign ATP license
has a geographical limitation.
(67) Proposal to move the provisions for use and limitations of a
flight simulator and flight training device from the ATP flight
proficiency requirements of Sec. 61.157 to the new proposed Sec.
61.64 and to make other clarifying revisions.
The FAA proposes to reword proposed Sec. 61.157(g) (existing
paragraph (j)) to clarify the use of an aircraft on a practical test
for a type rating that is not capable of instrument maneuvers and
procedures and the issuance of a type rating with a VFR limitation
under those circumstances. This proposal parallels the proposed change
under Sec. 61.63(e).
Additionally, this proposal would remove paragraphs (g), (h), and
(i) that address the use and limitations of a flight simulator and
flight training device and move those requirements under proposed Sec.
61.64.
(68) Proposal to allow an applicant for a type rating at the ATP
certification level in a multiengine, single-pilot station airplane to
meet the requirements of this part in a multi-seat version of a
multiengine airplane.
Proposed Sec. 61.157(h) would require an applicant for a type
rating at the ATP certification level for a multiengine airplane with
single-pilot station to perform the practical test in the multi-pilot
seat version of that multiengine airplane. Or, the practical test may
be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the
Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical
test in the case where there is no multi-seat version of that
multiengine airplane. This proposal parallels proposed Sec. 61.63(f)
for a type rating in a multi-engine airplane with single-pilot station
at other than the ATP certification level.
(69) Proposal to allow an applicant for a type rating at the ATP
certification level in a single-engine, single-pilot station airplane
to meet the requirements of this part in a multi-seat version of a
single-engine airplane.
Proposed Sec. 61.157(i) would require an applicant for a type
rating at the ATP certification level for a single engine airplane with
single-pilot station to perform the practical test in the multi-pilot
seat version of that single engine airplane. Or, the practical test may
be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the
Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical
test in the case where there is no multi-seat version of that single
engine airplane. This proposal parallels proposed Sec. 61.63(g) for a
type rating in a single engine airplane with single-pilot station at
other than the ATP certification level.
(70) Proposal to allow U.S. military flight engineers to credit flight
engineer time when applying for an ATP pilot certificate.
Proposed Sec. 61.159(c)(3) would allow a U.S. military flight
engineer to credit flight engineer time toward the aeronautical
experience requirements for an ATP certificate. Under existing Sec.
61.159(c)(2), a flight engineer who is employed by part 121 operator is
allowed to credit flight engineer time toward an ATP certificate. Thus,
the proposed change would give military flight engineers the same
opportunity.
(71) Proposal to conform ATP aeronautical experience requirements to
ICAO requirements.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.159(d) and (e) to conform to
current ICAO requirements for the ATP aeronautical experience
requirements for the airplane category as stated in paragraphs 2.1.9.2
and 2.5.1.3 of the Personnel Licensing, ICAO Annex 1, to the Convention
on International Civil Aviation.
For the past few years, the FAA has received inquiries as to
whether applicants for an ATP certificate with the ICAO limitation
``Holder does not meet the pilot in command aeronautical experience
requirements of ICAO'' must have 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot
or 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot as stated in existing Sec.
61.159(d)(2). The current FAA regulation applies an obsolete ICAO ATP
airplane aeronautical experience rule. Before 1974, ICAO only required
1,200 hours of total flight time to qualify for an ATP certificate in
the airplane category. In 1974, ICAO amended its ATP aeronautical
experience requirements for the airplane category to require 1,500
hours of flight time as a pilot and retained the additional qualifying
aeronautical experience requirements of only permitting 50 percent of
an applicant's second-in-command time to be credited and none of an
applicant's flight-engineer time could be credited (see paragraphs
2.1.9 and 2.5.1.3 of ICAO Annex 1, Personnel Licensing). This proposed
change would conform
[[Page 5826]]
the FAA regulations to the existing ICAO standard.
(72) Proposal to delete the flight instructor-glider flight proficiency
maneuver known as the ``go around'' task.
The FAA proposes to delete the flight instructor-glider flight
proficiency maneuver known as the ``go around'' under Sec.
61.187(b)(6)(vii) because non-powered gliders are not capable of a go-
around maneuver.
(73) Proposal to establish flight instructor qualifications for
providing instrument training in flight at the commercial pilot and ATP
certification levels.
It is necessary to clarify the flight instructor qualifications for
those who give instrument training at the commercial pilot and ATP
certification levels. For example, existing Sec. 61.129 requires 10
hours of instrument training for the airplane-single-engine, airplane-
multiengine, helicopter, gyroplane, powered-lift, and airship ratings
at the commercial pilot certification levels. Yet, under existing Sec.
61.195(c), the FAA established flight instructor instrument
qualification requirements only for flight instructors who give
instrument training for ``the issuance of an instrument rating or a
type rating not limited to VFR.'' The existing regulation does not
specifically address the flight instructor qualifications for providing
instrument training for the commercial pilot and ATP certification
levels. Therefore, the FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.195(c) to
establish that a flight instructor who provides instrument training
required at the commercial pilot and airline transport pilot
certification levels must hold an instrument rating on both his or her
pilot and flight instructor certificates that are appropriate to the
category and class of aircraft in which instrument training is being
provided.
(74) Proposal to delete an endorsement requirement on a student pilot
certificate for solo flight into Class B airspace.
The FAA proposes to delete the requirement under Sec. 61.195(d)(3)
that a flight instructor must endorse a student pilot's certificate to
authorize a solo flight in a Class B airspace area or at an airport
within Class B airspace. Under existing Sec. 61.95(a)(2) and (b)(2), a
student pilot is required only to have his or her logbook endorsed when
seeking authorization to perform solo flight in Class B airspace or at
an airport within Class B airspace. This change would make the flight
instructor endorsement requirement parallel the student pilot
endorsement requirements of existing Sec. 61.95(a)(2) and (b)(2).
(75) Proposal to establish flight instructor night vision goggle
qualification requirements for a flight instructor.
The FAA proposes to add paragraph (k) to Sec. 61.195 to establish
qualification requirements for a flight instructor to give PIC
qualification and recent training for NVG operations. The FAA proposes
that an instructor who gives PIC qualification and recent training for
NVG operations must meet the following eligibility requirements:
Has a pilot and flight instructor certificate with the
applicable category and class rating for the training.
If appropriate, has a type rating on his or her pilot
certificate for the aircraft.
Is pilot-in-command qualified for NVG operations, in
accordance with Sec. 61.31(l).
Has logged 100 NVG operations as the sole manipulator of
the controls.
Has logged 20 NVG operations as sole manipulator of the
controls in the category and class, and type, if class and type is
appropriate, of aircraft that the will be given in.
Is qualified and current to act as a pilot in command in
NVG operations under Sec. 61.57(f) or (g).
Has a logbook endorsement from an FAA Aviation Safety
Inspector or a person who is authorized by the FAA to provide that
logbook endorsement that states the flight instructor is authorized to
perform the NVG pilot in command qualification and recent flight
experience requirements under Sec. 61.31(l) and Sec. 61.57(f) and
(g).
The FAA has developed these requirements in consultation with
industry representatives.
(76) Proposal to allow only a ground instructor with an instrument
rating to give ground training for the issuance of an instrument rating
and instrument proficiency check and a recommendation for the knowledge
test required for an instrument rating.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 61.215(b) to provide that only a
certified ground instructor with an instrument rating may give ground
training for the issuance of an instrument rating and instrument
proficiency check and a recommendation for the knowledge test required
for an instrument rating. Existing Sec. 61.215(b) mistakenly permits a
person who holds only an advanced ground instructor (AGI) certificate
to give instrument training. The aeronautical knowledge subject areas
for the AGI certificate do not cover instrument subjects on the
knowledge test. Only the aeronautical knowledge subject areas for the
instrument ground instructor (IGI) certificate cover instrument
subjects. Authorizing instrument privileges to a holder of only an AGI
certificate is not appropriate.
(77) Proposal to clarify the recent experience requirements for ground
instructors.
The FAA proposes to revise Sec. 61.217(a) to clarify the recent
experience requirements for ground instructors, particularly the
meaning of the phrase ``served for at least three months as a ground
instructor.'' This proposal would delete this phrase and establish more
general criteria for recent experience requirements. The intent is to
recognize a person's employment or activity as a ground instructor
without that person being expected to maintain some kind of a time
sheet or log to show that he or she ``served for at least three months
as a ground instructor.''
Furthermore, under this proposal, the FAA would amend Sec.
61.19(e) so that the flight instructor certificate's duration period is
linked to these currency requirements.
(78) Proposal to establish night vision goggle instrument and equipment
requirements for night vision goggle operations.
The FAA proposes to add Sec. 91.205(h) to establish NVG
instruments and equipment requirements for NVG operations. This
proposal is similar to how the FAA requires certain instruments and
equipment for VFR (day), VFR (night), and IFR operations under existing
Sec. 91.205. This proposal would state that for NVG flight operations,
the following instruments and equipment are required to be installed in
the aircraft, are required to be functioning in a normal manner, and
must be approved for use by the FAA:
Instruments and equipment specified in Sec. 91.205(b),
and, for night flight, instruments and equipment specified in Sec.
91.205(c).
NVGs.
Interior and exterior aircraft lighting system required
for use for NVG flight operations.
Two-way radio communications system.
Gyroscopic pitch and bank indicator (artificial horizon).
Generator or alternator of adequate capacity for the
required instruments and equipment.
[[Page 5827]]
(79) Proposal to clarify that the ``counters'' for a pilot school's or
provisional pilot school's 80 percent or higher pass rate must be 10
different people.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 141.5 to clarify the meaning of the
phrase ``a quality of training pass rate of at least 80 percent.'' The
purpose is to establish that the ``counters'' for the required 80
percent or higher school pass rate must be taken from 10 different
graduates, meaning 10 different people.
A graduate can only be counted once in computing the 80 percent
pass rate on the first attempt. The wording of existing Sec. 141.5 has
raised questions concerning how many graduates have to have graduated.
Some have argued that one person could be counted as all 10 graduates.
The FAA disagrees and proposes to amend Sec. 141.5 to clarify that the
10 graduates must be 10 different people. The FAA believes that
requiring the pass rate to be calculated from 10 different graduates is
a better measure of the school's quality of training and provides a
more realistic view of the school's pass rate.
(80) Proposal to clarify pilot school examining authority.
The FAA has found it necessary to revise the language under Sec.
141.9 because some have misunderstood the rule and believe that when
the FAA issues examining authority to a pilot school, it authorizes
examining authority for all the training courses of that school. This
is not true. The FAA provides examining authority on a course-by-course
basis. This would mean, if the pilot school makes specific application
for a course, the FAA will issue examining authority if it meets the
qualification requirements of Sec. 141.63.
Furthermore, the FAA only issues examining authority to a pilot
school that meets the requirements of subpart D of part 141, as opposed
to a provisional pilot school. Under Sec. 141.63, a provisional pilot
school is not qualified to receive examining authority.
(81) Proposal to reduce the number of student enrollments to qualify
for a check instructor position.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 141.33(d)(2) to reduce the number
of student enrollments from 50 students to 10 students in a part 141
pilot school to qualify for check instructor positions. The FAA is
responding positively to recommendations it has received from the pilot
school industry to authorize the use of check instructors in some of
the smaller pilot schools.
The FAA initially established the figure of 50 student enrollments
when it promulgated Sec. 141.33(d)(2) to provide for those flight
schools that train large numbers of students. (See 62 FR 16350, April
4, 1997) The position of check instructor was established because the
FAA understands it is nearly impossible to expect chief instructors and
assistant chief instructors to perform all the required stage checks,
end-of-course tests, and instructor proficiency checks in large pilot
schools. However, since the adoption of Sec. 141.33(d)(2), a number of
moderate sized flight schools have informed the FAA that they have
sufficient student activity to justify check instructors. For example,
one chief instructor commented that his school has 15 student
enrollments and each student requires six stage checks and one end-of-
course test. Thus, he is required to perform 105 tests on his school's
15 student enrollments. Another chief instructor commented that he has
15 stage and end-of-course tests per student in his part 141 approved
course. This computes to a total of 300 tests he must perform.
The FAA has made it clear that it did not expect the chief and
assistant chief instructors to delegate all their duties and
responsibilities to the check instructors See 62 FR 16350, April 4,
1997. The FAA encourages and expects chief and assistant chief
instructors to continue to have direct experience with monitoring the
quality of instruction and student performance in their schools. The
FAA expects the school's chief and assistant chief instructors to
continue checking their instructors' quality of training and their
students' performance. However, the FAA recognizes that this can be
done by sampling instructor proficiency and student performance. The
FAA does not believe it is necessary to establish a regulatory
requirement on the numbers of stage checks, end-of-course tests, and
instructor proficiency checks that each chief instructor or assistant
chief instructor must perform. That decision should be left to the
school's management. Therefore, the FAA proposes to reduce the number
of student enrollments to qualify for the creation of a check
instructor position to ten students. A minimum of ten student
enrollments would allow for check instructor positions to be designated
for the medium-sized and the smaller pilot schools.
(82) Proposal to accommodate the use of foreign registered aircraft for
part 141 training facilities that are located outside of the United
States.
The FAA proposes to amend Sec. 141.39(b) to allow the use of
foreign registered aircraft for part 141 training facilities that are
located outside of the U.S. and conduct training outside of the U.S.
Under Amendment No. 141-11 (63 FR 53532, October 5, 1998) , the FAA
allowed part 141 schools to establish training facilities outside the
United States. The FAA has received several inquiries as to whether it
is permissible to use foreign registered aircraft when the schools'
training facilities are located outside of the United States. Further,
questions have arisen whether it is permissible for these pilot
schools' training facilities to adhere to maintenance and inspection
standards established by a foreign aviation authority and still be in
compliance with Sec. 141.39.
Pilot schools are currently required to use civil aircraft of U.S.
registry. Existing Sec. 141.39 only allows a pilot school's
maintenance and inspection standards to be maintained under part 91,
subpart E. The FAA, however, wants to accommodate the use of foreign
registered aircraft and foreign maintenance and inspection standards
established by a foreign aviation authority in pilot schools located
outside of the United States when the training is conducted outside the
United States. The FAA does not believe there are any potential adverse
effects on aviation safety by proposing these changes.
(83) Proposal to delete Sec. 141.53(c)(1) because the requirement is
no longer needed.
The FAA proposes to delete the provision under Sec. 141.53(c)(1)
that states ``A training course submitted for approval prior to August
4, 1997 may, if approved, retain that approval until 1 year after
August 4, 1997'' because the requirement is no longer needed. All
courses under part 141 had to receive their re-approval as of August 4,
1998, so the provision is obsolete.
(84) Proposal to clarify the requirement for approval of a training
course.
For clarification purposes, the FAA proposes to change the phrase
``the practical or knowledge test, or any combination thereof'' under
Sec. 141.55(e)(2)(ii) to read ``the practical or knowledge test, as
appropriate.'' When a pilot school requests final approval for a
knowledge training
[[Page 5828]]
course, at least 80 percent of their students must have passed the
knowledge test on the first attempt (knowledge test means ``a test on
the aeronautical knowledge areas required for an airman certificate or
rating that can be administered in written form or by a computer'').
When a pilot school requests final approval for a flight training
course, at least 80 percent of their students must have passed the
practical test on the first attempt (practical test means ``a test on
the areas of operations for an airman certificate, rating, or
authorization that is conducted by having the applicant respond to
questions and demonstrate maneuvers in flight, in a flight simulator,
or in a flight training device''). The current language is confusing
and the testing requirements have been misapplied.
(85) Proposal to clarify the rules for crediting previous training when
transferring to a part 141 pilot school.
The FAA proposes to clarify Sec. 141.77(c) for crediting previous
training based on a proficiency test or a knowledge test. Existing
Sec. 141.77(c) provides that, for students who transfer to a part 141
pilot school, crediting for previous training must be based on ``a
proficiency test or knowledge test, or both.'' This language has
generated questions about whether it is possible to credit previous
flight training strictly on the basis of knowledge test results. The
answer is no. The FAA never intended to allow a transfer student to be
awarded flight training credit purely on the basis of completing a
knowledge test. Nor did the FAA intend to allow a transfer student to
be awarded ground training credit on the basis of completing a
proficiency test.
A student who transfers to a part 141 pilot school and requests
credit for previous flight training must complete a proficiency test
that is given by the receiving pilot school's chief instructor or
delegated check instructor. A student who transfers to a part 141 pilot
school and requests credit for previous ground training, must complete
a knowledge test that is given by the receiving pilot school's chief
instructor or delegated check instructor.
(86) Proposal to allow the chief instructor to delegate certain tasks
to a recommending instructor.
Under this proposed change, the FAA would allow a chief instructor
to delegate certification of a student's training record, graduation
certificate, stage check, end-of-course test report, and recommendation
for course completion to an assistant chief instructor or recommending
instructor. The reason for this proposed change is to allow pilot
schools to make better use of chief instructors' time and management
responsibilities.
(87) Proposal to amend the eligibility requirement for enrollment in
the flight portion of a private pilot certification course.
Under the current rules, the FAA requires a person hold at least a
recreational or student pilot certificate before enrolling in the
flight portion of the private pilot certification course. This means
that a person must complete his or her medical licensing before
beginning flight training. Many pilot schools have indicated that they
would like the rule changed because (1) it affects their ability to
credit orientation flights towards overall training requirements (it is
common practice when a person inquires about flight training to provide
that person a local orientation flight); and (2) for those pilot
schools that are located in remote areas, it may take a week or two for
a student to get an appointment for a flight physical.
The FAA has evaluated the request made by the pilot schools, and we
do not believe there are any safety concerns with accommodating the
recommendation. Thus, the FAA is proposing that under part 141,
appendix B, paragraph 2, a person is required to hold a recreational or
student pilot certificate to begin the solo phase of the private pilot
certification course but not for the flight portion of the
certification course.
(88) Proposal to conform references to instrument training in the
private pilot courses to instrument training for private pilot
certification for the airplane and powered-lift ratings.
The FAA proposes to amend part 141, appendix B, 4(b)(1)(iii),
4(b)(2)(iii), and 4(b)(5)(iii) of the private pilot certification
courses for the airplane single-engine, airplane multiengine, and
powered-lift ratings, to mirror the requirements for private pilot
certification for the single-engine airplane, multiengine airplane, or
powered-lift ratings under existing Sec. 61.109.
(89) Proposal to conform the solo cross-country mileage requirement in
a private pilot-airplane single-engine rating course to the definition
of ``cross-country.''
The FAA proposes to amend the solo cross-country distance
requirement in paragraph 5(a)(1) of appendix B to part 141 for the
private pilot certification--airplane single-engine rating course from
requiring a flight of ``at least 50 nautical miles'' to ``more than 50
nautical miles.'' This proposal is to conform the distance requirement
under this provision to the definition of ``cross-country'' under Sec.
61.1(b)(3)(ii).
(90) Proposal to conform the solo cross-country mileage requirement in
an approved private pilot-airplane multiengine rating course to the
definition of ``cross-country.''
The FAA proposes to amend the solo cross-country distance
requirement in paragraph 5(b)(1) of appendix B to part 141 for the
private pilot certification--airplane multiengine rating course from
requiring a flight of ``at least 50 nautical miles'' to ``more than 50
nautical miles.'' The purpose of this proposal is to conform the
distance requirement under this provision to the definition of ``cross-
country'' under Sec. 61.1(b)(3)(ii).
(91) Proposal to conform the solo cross-country mileage requirement in
an approved private pilot-helicopter rating course to ICAO requirements
and the definition of ``cross-country.''
The FAA proposes to amend paragraph 5(c)(1) of appendix B to part
141 to change the solo cross-country distance requirement for the
private pilot certification--helicopter rating course from ``at least
75 nautical miles total distance'' to ``at least 100 nautical miles
total distance.'' The purpose of this proposal is to conform this
provision to the ICAO requirements for the cross-country distance, as
set forth in ICAO Annex I, paragraph 2.7.1.3.2, which requires that the
total distance for a cross-country flight be at least 100 nautical
miles.
Also, the FAA proposes to amend the solo cross-country flight
requirement in paragraph 5(c)(1) of appendix B to part 141 for the
private pilot certification--helicopter rating course from ``at least
25 nautical miles'' to `` more than 25 nautical miles.'' The purpose of
this proposal is to conform the distance requirement of this provision
to the definition of ``cross-country'' under Sec. 61.1(b)(3)(v).
(92) Proposal to conform the solo cross-country mileage requirement in
an approved private pilot-gyroplane rating course to the definition of
``cross-country.''
The FAA proposes to amend paragraph 5(d)(1) of appendix B to part
141 to change the solo cross-country distance requirement for the
private pilot certification--gyroplane rating course from ``at least 75
nautical miles total distance'' to ``at least 100 nautical
[[Page 5829]]
miles total distance.'' The purpose of this proposal is to conform to
the ICAO requirements for cross-country distance, as set forth in ICAO
Annex I, paragraph 2.7.1.3.2, which requires that the total distance
for a cross-country flight be at least 100 nautical miles. Also, the
FAA proposes to amend the solo cross-country flight requirement in
paragraph 5(d)(1) of appendix B to part 141 for the private pilot
certification--gyroplane rating course from `` at least 25 nautical
miles'' to `` more than 25 nautical miles.'' The purpose of this
proposal is to conform the distance requirement under this provision to
the definition of ``cross-country'' under Sec. 61.1(b)(3)(v).
(93) Proposal to conform the solo cross-country mileage requirement in
an approved private pilot-powered-lift rating course to the definition
of ``cross-country.''
The FAA proposes to amend the solo cross-country distance
requirement in paragraph 5(e)(1) of part 141, appendix B for the
private pilot certification--powered-lift rating course from `` at
least 50 nautical miles'' to ``more than 50 nautical miles.'' The
purpose of this proposal is to conform the distance requirement under
this provision to definition of ``cross-country'' under Sec.
61.1(b)(3)(ii).
(94) Proposal to allow instrument training to be performed in a
personal computer aviation training device.
The FAA proposes to amend paragraph 4(b) of part 141, appendix C,
by adding a paragraph (5). This would allow 10 percent of the
instrument training for the instrument rating course to be performed in
a PCATD.
Under this proposal, the instrument training that would be
performed in a PCATD would be given by the holder of a ground
instructor certificate with an instrument rating or by a holder of a
flight instructor certificate with an instrument rating appropriate to
the instrument rating sought. The instrument training given in a PCATD
would contribute to the maximum 50 percent of the instrument training
permitted to be performed in a flight simulator or a flight training
device in accordance with existing paragraph 4(c) of appendix C to part
141. For a PCATD to be used for instrument training under paragraph
4(d) of part 141, appendix C, the PCATD, instrument training, and
instrument tasks would have to be approved by the FAA. The instrument
training in a PCATD would have to be provided by an authorized
instructor. For a person to receive the maximum 10 percent credit in a
PCATD, the person could not have logged more than 40 percent of
instrument training course required hours in a flight simulator or
flight training device. A view-limiting device (e.g., a hood device or
fogged glasses) would have to be worn by the applicant when logging
instrument training in the PCATD.
(95) Proposal to allow the solo training requirements for the approved
commercial pilot certification courses to be performed solo or with an
instructor on board.
The FAA proposes to amend paragraph 5 of appendix D to part 141 for
a commercial pilot certification course to be performed either solo or
with a flight instructor on board. The purpose is to conform paragraph
5 of appendix D to part 141 to what is being proposed under Sec. Sec.
61.129(a)(4), (c)(4), (d)(4), and (e)(4) for the single-engine
airplane, helicopter, gyroplane, and powered-lift ratings at the
commercial pilot certification level.
(96) Proposal to allow the cross-country training flights for the
approved commercial pilot certification courses to be performed under
VFR or IFR.
The FAA proposes to amend paragraph 4 of part 141, appendix D to
allow the cross-country training flights in the commercial pilot
certification courses to be performed under VFR or IFR. This proposal
responds positively to recommended changes to part 141 from some pilot
schools.
From the time that the cross-country training requirements under
part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4 of were promulgated, the FAA has
received recommendations from several pilot schools and companies that
prepare training courses to amend the requirements to allow cross-
country flights to be performed under IFR. The basis for their
recommendation is that most commercial pilot training applicants for
airplane ratings and some for helicopter ratings are concurrently
enrolled in an instrument rating course. The FAA agrees that it makes
sense to allow these cross-country training requirements to be
performed under IFR or VFR. The FAA proposes to amend the requirements
for the daytime cross-country training flight (see subparagraphs
(b)(1)(iii), (b)(2)(iii), (b)(3)(ii), (b)(4)(ii), (b)(5)(ii),
(b)(7)(ii)) to read ``One cross-country flight during daytime
conditions * * * .'' This, in effect, would permit the daytime cross-
country training flight to be performed under IFR or VFR.
The FAA also proposes the night-time cross-country training flight
requirements (See subparagraphs (b)(1)(iv), (b)(2)(iv), (b)(3)(iii),
(b)(5)(iii), and (b)(7)(iii)) in the commercial pilot certification
courses to merely read ``One cross-country flight during night-time
conditions * * * .'' This, in effect, would permit the night-time
cross-country training flight to be performed under IFR or under VFR.
(97) Proposal to delete the cross-country training at night time
requirement for the commercial pilot certification course for the
gyroplane rating.
The FAA proposes to delete the cross-country training at night time
requirement in paragraph 4(b)(4)(iii) of part 141, appendix D for the
commercial pilot certification course for the gyroplane rating. The FAA
determined that night-time training for the gyroplane rating for the
commercial pilot certification course would be more useful and more
safely conducted near an airport, because gyroplanes have very limited
equipment and systems for nighttime cross country operations.
(98) Proposal to require ground reference maneuvers as an area of
operation for the gyroplane rating in the commercial pilot certificate
course.
The FAA proposes to amend paragraph 4(d)(4)(vi) of appendix D to
part 141 to require ground reference maneuvers as an area of operation
for the gyroplane rating in the commercial pilot certificate course.
This would conform paragraph 4(d)(4)(vi) of part 141, appendix D with
proposed Sec. 61.127(b)(4)(vi) that would require flight proficiency
in ``ground reference maneuvers'' for the gyroplane rating in the
commercial pilot certificate course. The ground reference maneuvers
must include at least ``eights around a pylon,'' ``eights along a
road,'' ``rectangular course,'' ``S-turns,'' and ``turns around a
point.''
(99) Proposal to allow the complex airplane training for the approved
commercial pilot certification course--airplane single-engine rating to
be performed in either a single or multiengine complex airplane.
In response to the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association's (AOPA)
petition for rulemaking of February 11, 1999, the FAA proposes to amend
the complex airplane training requirement for the commercial pilot
certification course for the single-engine airplane rating under
paragraph 4.(b)(1)(ii) of appendix D to part 141. The FAA would allow
the commercial pilot certification course for the single-engine
airplane rating to be approved with use of either a complex single-
engine airplane or a complex multiengine airplane. The use of either a
complex single-engine
[[Page 5830]]
airplane or a complex multiengine airplane to meet the single-engine
airplane training requirements is permitted under existing Sec.
61.129(a)(3)(ii) for those training organizations that have chosen not
to be approved under part 141. The FAA has determined that the current
provision under part 141 may create an unfair financial burden on
applicants at a part 141 pilot school versus those applicants who
receive their training other than through a part 141 pilot school.
Therefore, the FAA proposes to delete the word ``single-engine''
from paragraph 4.(b)(1)(ii) of part 141, appendix D, so the rule would
merely read as ``10 hours of training in an airplane that has
retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or
is turbine-powered.''
(100) Proposal to clarify the instrument training for the commercial
pilot certification courses for the airplane single-engine, airplane
multiengine, helicopter, gyroplane, powered-lift, and airship ratings.
The FAA proposes to amend paragraphs 4(b)(1)(i), (2)(i), (3)(i),
(4)(i), (5)(i), and (7)(i) of part 141, appendix D to clarify that the
tasks required for ``instrument training'' in the commercial pilot
certification courses for the airplane single-engine, airplane
multiengine, rotorcraft helicopter, rotorcraft gyroplane, powered-lift,
and airship ratings require the use of a view-limiting device (e.g. use
of a hood device, fogged goggles, etc.). This proposal is in response
to inquiries about what tasks are required to satisfy ``instrument
training'' for commercial pilot certification courses.
This proposal would parallel the proposed changes to instrument
training under Sec. 61.129 for the airplane single-engine, airplane
multiengine, rotorcraft helicopter, rotorcraft gyroplane, powered-lift,
and airship ratings at the commercial pilot certification level.
(101) Proposal to require pilots enrolled in an ATP certification
course to have met the ATP aeronautical experience requirements of part
61, subpart G prior to completion of the course.
The FAA proposes to amend paragraph 2 of part 141, appendix E to
establish that a person must first meet the aeronautical experience
requirements under part 61, subpart G, for an ATP certificate before
completing the flight portion of an ATP certification course. The
purpose of this proposal is to clarify that a person who completes the
ATP certification course must also have met the appropriate ATP
aeronautical experience of part 61, subpart G before applying for the
ATP certificate.
The existing language in paragraph 2 of part 141, appendix E has
been interpreted by some to mean that a person could apply for an ATP
certificate after meeting either existing paragraph 2.(a), (b), (c), or
(d) of part 141, appendix E. This is not correct, because an applicant
for an ATP certificate must also meet the appropriate aeronautical
experience requirements under part 61, subpart G. The proposed
introductory language in paragraph 2 in part 141, appendix E will
clarify that an applicant for an ATP certificate must also meet the
appropriate aeronautical experience requirements under part 61, subpart
G prior to completion of the flight portion of the ATP certification
course.
(102) Proposal to clarify the ground and flight training required for
the approved additional category and/or class rating course.
The FAA proposes to amend paragraphs 3 and 4 of appendix I to part
141 to clarify the ground and flight training required for the
additional category and/or class rating course. This proposal is in
response to questions about what is the amount of ground and flight
training required for an add-on aircraft category and/or class rating
course.
The confusion arises because the language of existing paragraphs 3
and 4 of part 141, appendix I to part 141 that states that training
must be in the areas ``that are specific to that aircraft category and
class rating and pilot certificate level for which the course
applies.'' Many believe this language does not clearly state what are
the required ground and flight training amounts and content for ``add-
on'' category/class courses. Therefore, the FAA proposes to expand the
content of paragraphs 3 and 4 of part 141, appendix I for these
additional category and/or class rating courses to specify the required
amount of ground and flight training and their content for an add-on
aircraft category and/or class rating course at the recreational pilot,
private pilot, commercial pilot, and ATP certification levels. Proposed
paragraphs 3 and 4 also would establish the required amount of ground
and flight training and their content for just an ``add-on'' class
rating (i.e., where the applicant already holds a rating in that
aircraft category, and the course at issue is only for an added class
rating within that aircraft category) at the various pilot
certification levels.
VIII. Regulatory Notices and Analyses
Paperwork Reduction Act
Information collection requirements associated with this NPRM have
been approved previously by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C.
3507(d)) and have been assigned OMB Control Numbers 2120-0009 and 0021.
International Compatibility
In keeping with U.S. obligations under the Convention on
International Civil Aviation, it is FAA policy to comply with
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and
Recommended Practices to the maximum extent practicable. There is one
proposal in this notice (See proposal No. 71) where the FAA is
proposing to amend Sec. 61.159(d) and (e) to conform our ATP
certification requirements to ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices.
Executive Order 12866 and DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures
Pilot, Flight Instructor, and Pilot School Certification: Economic
Assessment, Initial Regulatory Flexibility Determination, Trade Impact
Assessment, and Unfunded Mandates Assessment
Changes to Federal regulations must undergo several economic
analyses. First, Executive Order 12866 directs that each Federal agency
shall propose or adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned determination
that the benefits of the intended regulation justify its costs. Second,
the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-354) requires
agencies to analyze the economic impact of regulatory changes on small
entities. Third, the Trade Agreements Act (Pub. L. 96-39) prohibits
agencies from setting standards that create unnecessary obstacles to
the foreign commerce of the United States. In developing U.S.
standards, this Trade Act requires agencies to consider international
standards and, where appropriate, that they be the basis of U.S.
standards. Fourth, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L.
104-4) requires agencies to prepare a written assessment of the costs,
benefits, and other effects of proposed or final rules that include a
Federal mandate likely to result in the expenditure by State, local, or
tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100
million or more annually (adjusted for inflation with base year of
1995). This portion of the preamble summarizes the FAA's analysis of
the
[[Page 5831]]
economic impacts of this proposed rule. We suggest readers seeking
greater detail read the full regulatory evaluation, a copy of which we
have placed in the docket for this rulemaking.
In conducting these analyses, FAA has determined that this proposed
rule: (1) Has benefits that justify its costs, (2) is not an
economically ``significant regulatory action'' as defined in section
3(f) of Executive Order 12866, (3) is not ``significant'' as defined in
DOT's Regulatory Policies and Procedures; (4) would not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities;
(5) would not create unnecessary obstacles to the foreign commerce of
the United States; and (6) would not impose an unfunded mandate on
state, local, or tribal governments, or on the private sector by
exceeding the threshold identified above. These analyses are summarized
below.
The FAA proposes to amend the training, qualification,
certification, and operating requirements for pilots, flight
instructors, ground instructors, and pilot schools. These changes are
needed to clarify, update, and correct our existing regulations.
For the proposed revisions, for which we were able to quantify the
cost savings, we estimate this proposal to generate cost savings of
$31.6 million ($22.0 million, discounted) and $4.0 million ($3.0
million, discounted) of costs over the 2007-2016 time period.
Therefore, this proposal is estimated to generate a net cost savings of
$27.6 million ($19.1 million, discounted) over the same ten-year period
and is cost-beneficial.
Regulatory Flexibility Determination
The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-354) (RFA)
establishes ``as a principle of regulatory issuance that agencies shall
endeavor, consistent with the objectives of the rule and of applicable
statutes, to fit regulatory and informational requirements to the scale
of the businesses, organizations, and governmental jurisdictions
subject to regulation. To achieve this principle, agencies are required
to solicit and consider flexible regulatory proposals and to explain
the rationale for their actions to assure that such proposals are given
serious consideration.'' The RFA covers a wide-range of small entities,
including small businesses, not-for-profit organizations, and small
governmental jurisdictions.
Agencies must perform a review to determine whether a rule will
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. If the agency determines that it will, the agency must
prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis as described in the RFA.
However, if an agency determines that a rule is not expected to
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities, section 605(b) of the RFA provides that the head of the
agency may so certify and a regulatory flexibility analysis is not
required. The certification must include a statement providing the
factual basis for this determination, and the reasoning should be
clear.
The cost of the additional training for the night vision goggle
requirement is about $1,800 per pilot ($1,800 [ap] $1,167,138
(undiscounted cost of night vision goggle training in year 1) / 650
(estimated population that would receive night vision goggle training
in year 1)). Since the training is optional these small costs would not
impose a burden on any small entity. Also, this proposal could result
in annual cost savings of about $625 per rotorcraft pilot and a maximum
cost savings of about $430 per GA pilot by allowing the use of
alternate methods to maintain instrument currency. We do not consider
the costs or cost-savings of this rule to be significant. Therefore,
the FAA certifies that this proposed rule would not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The FAA
solicits comments regarding this determination.
International Trade Impact Assessment
The Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (Pub. L. 96-39) prohibits Federal
agencies from establishing any standards or engaging in related
activities that create unnecessary obstacles to the foreign commerce of
the United States. Legitimate domestic objectives, such as safety, are
not considered unnecessary obstacles. The statute also requires
consideration of international standards and, where appropriate, that
they be the basis for U.S. standards. The FAA has assessed the
potential effect of this proposed rule and has determined that it would
have only a domestic impact and therefore no affect on international
trade.
Unfunded Mandates Assessment
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-
4) requires each Federal agency to prepare a written statement
assessing the effects of any Federal mandate in a proposed or final
agency rule that may result in an expenditure of $100 million or more
(adjusted annually for inflation with the base year 1995) in any one
year by State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by
the private sector; such a mandate is deemed to be a ``significant
regulatory action.'' The FAA currently uses an inflation-adjusted value
of $128.1 million in lieu of $100 million. This proposed rule does not
contain such a mandate.
Executive Order 13132, Federalism
The FAA has analyzed this proposed rule under the principles and
criteria of Executive Order 13132, Federalism. We determined that this
action would not have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the
relationship between the national Government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government, and therefore would not have federalism implications.
Plain English
Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, Oct. 4, 1993) requires each
agency to write regulations that are simple and easy to understand. We
invite your comments on how to make these proposed regulations easier
to understand, including answers to questions such as the following:
Are the requirements in the proposed regulations clearly
stated?
Do the proposed regulations contain unnecessary technical
language or jargon that interferes with their clarity?
Would the regulations be easier to understand if they were
divided into more (but shorter) sections?
Is the description in the preamble helpful in
understanding the proposed regulations?
Please send your comments to the address specified in the
ADDRESSES section.
Environmental Analysis
FAA Order 1050.1E identifies FAA actions that are categorically
excluded from preparation of an environmental assessment or
environmental impact statement under the National Environmental Policy
Act in the absence of extraordinary circumstances. The FAA has
determined this proposed rulemaking action qualifies for the
categorical exclusion identified in paragraph 307(k) and involves no
extraordinary circumstances.
Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or
Use
The FAA has analyzed this NPRM under Executive Order 13211, Actions
Concerning Regulations that Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use (May 18, 2001). We have determined that it is not
a ``significant energy action'' under the executive order because it is
not a ``significant regulatory action'' under
[[Page 5832]]
Executive Order 12866, and it is not likely to have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy.
List of Subjects
14 CFR Part 61
Aircraft, Airmen, Alcohol abuse, Aviation safety, Drug abuse,
Recreation and recreation areas, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Security measures, Teachers.
14 CFR Part 91
Afghanistan, Agriculture, Air traffic control, Aircraft, Airmen,
Airports, Aviation safety, Canada, Cuba, Ethiopia, Freight, Mexico,
Noise control, Political candidates, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Yugoslavia.
14 CFR Part 141
Airmen, Educational facilities, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Schools.
The Proposed Amendment
In consideration of the foregoing, the Federal Aviation
Administration proposes to amend Chapter I of Title 14, Code of Federal
Regulations, as follows:
PART 61--CERTIFICATION: PILOTS AND FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS
1. The authority citation for part 61 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-
44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.
2. Amend Sec. 61.1 by:
A. Revising paragraph (b)(2)(i) and (ii);
B. Re-designating existing paragraphs (b)(12) through (16) as
paragraphs (b)(15) through (19);
C. Re-designating existing paragraphs (b)(4) through (11) as
paragraphs (b)(5) through (12); and
D. Adding new paragraphs (b)(4), (13), (14), and (20) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.1 Applicability and definitions.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) A person who holds a valid ground instructor certificate issued
under part 61 of this chapter, and is current, as specified in Sec.
61.217, when conducting ground training in accordance with the
privileges and limitations of his or her ground instructor certificate;
(ii) A person who holds a valid flight instructor certificate
issued under part 61 of this chapter, and is current, as specified in
Sec. 61.197, when conducting ground training or flight training in
accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her flight
instructor certificate; or
* * * * *
(4) Current as it relates to a pilot certificate, rating, or
authorization means the pilot meets the appropriate recent flight
experience requirements of this part for the flight operation being
conducted; current as it relates to a flight instructor certificate
means the flight instructor meets the flight instructor recent
experience as specified in Sec. 61.197; and current as it relates to a
ground instructor certificate means the ground instructor meets the
recent experience as specified in Sec. 61.217.
* * * * *
(13) Night vision goggles means an appliance worn by a pilot that
enhances the pilot's ability to maintain visual surface reference at
night.
(14) Night vision goggle operation means the portion of a flight
that occurs during the time period from 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour
before sunrise where the pilot maintains visual surface reference using
night vision goggles in an aircraft that is approved for such an
operation.
* * * * *
(20) Valid airman certificate, rating or authorization means it has
not been surrendered, suspended, revoked, or expired.
3. Amend Sec. 61.3 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text,
(a)(1), (b) introductory text, (c)(1), (f)(2)(i), (f)(2)(ii),
(g)(2)(i), (g)(2)(ii), and (j)(1) introductory text and by removing
paragraph (j)(3) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.3 Requirement for certificates, ratings, and authorizations.
(a) Pilot certificate. A person may not serve as a required pilot
flight crewmember of a civil aircraft of the United States, unless that
person--
(1) Has a current and valid pilot certificate or special purpose
pilot authorization issued under this part in that person's physical
possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the
privileges of that pilot certificate or authorization. However, when
the aircraft is operated within a foreign country, a current and valid
pilot license issued by that country may be used; and
* * * * *
(b) Required pilot certificate for operating a foreign-registered
aircraft. A person may not serve as a required pilot flight crewmember
of a civil aircraft of foreign registry within the United States,
unless that person's pilot certificate--
* * * * *
(c) Medical certificate. (1) Except as provided under paragraph
(c)(2) of this section, a person may not serve as a required pilot
flight crewmember of an aircraft, unless that person has a valid and
appropriate medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter or
other documentation acceptable to the FAA that is in that person's
physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft.
* * * * *
(f) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) Holds a current and valid pilot certificate with category and
class ratings for that aircraft and a current instrument rating for
that category aircraft;
(ii) Holds a current and valid airline transport pilot certificate
with category and class ratings for that aircraft; or
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) Holds a current and valid pilot certificate with category and
class ratings for that aircraft and a current instrument rating for
that category aircraft;
(ii) Holds a current and valid airline transport pilot certificate
with category and class ratings for that aircraft; or
* * * * *
(j) * * *
(1) Age limitation. No person who holds a pilot certificate issued
under this part may serve as a pilot on a civil aircraft of the United
States in the following operations if the person has reached his or her
60th birthday--
* * * * *
4. Amend Sec. 61.19 by revising paragraphs (b), (d), and (e) to
read as follows:
Sec. 61.19 Duration of pilot and instructor certificates.
* * * * *
(b) Student pilot certificate. (1) For student pilots who have not
reached their 40th birthday, if the medical portion of the certificate
is current, the student pilot certificate remains current for 36
calendar months from the month issued.
(2) For student pilots who have reached their 40th birthday, if the
medical portion of the certificate is current, the student pilot
certificate remains current for 24 calendar months from the month
issued.
(3) For student pilots seeking a glider or balloon rating only, the
student pilot certificate remains current for 36 calendar months from
the month issued, regardless of the student pilot's age.
* * * * *
[[Page 5833]]
(d) Flight instructor certificate. A flight instructor certificate:
(1) Is issued without a specific expiration date;
(2) Remains current as long as the holder complies with Sec.
61.197 of this part (recent flight instructor experience) every 24
calendar months or Sec. 61.199 of this part (reinstatement); and
(3) Is valid only as long as the holder of the certificate
maintains a valid U.S. pilot certificate.
(e) Ground instructor certificate. A ground instructor certificate:
(1) Is issued without a specific expiration date; and
(2) Remains current as long as the holder complies with the
requirements under Sec. 61.217 of this part.
* * * * *
5. Amend Sec. 61.23 by:
A. Revising paragraph (a)(3)(iv);
B. Redesignating paragraph (a)(3)(v) as (a)(3)(vi);
C. Adding new paragraphs (a)(3)(v) and (vii);
D. Revising newly designated paragraph (vi);
E. Revising paragraphs (b)(3), (7), and (8); and
F. Adding a new paragraph (b)(9) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.23 Medical certificates: Requirement and duration.
(a) * * *
(3) * * *
(iv) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor
certificate and acting as the pilot in command;
(v) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor
certificate and serving as a required pilot flight crewmember;
(vi) When taking a practical test in an aircraft for a recreational
pilot, private pilot, commercial pilot, or airline transport pilot
certificate, or for a flight instructor certificate; or
(vii) When performing the duties as an Examiner in an aircraft when
administering a practical test or proficiency check for an airman
certificate, rating, or authorization.
(b) * * *
(3) When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a
glider category rating or balloon class rating in a glider or a
balloon, as appropriate;
* * * * *
(7) When serving as an Examiner or check airman and administering a
practical test or proficiency check for an airman certificate, rating,
or authorization conducted in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or
flight training device;
(8) When taking a practical test or a proficiency check for a
certificate, rating, authorization or operating privilege conducted in
a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device; or
(9) When a pilot of the U.S. Armed Forces can show a current
medical examination for pilot flight status from a medical facility of
the U.S. Armed Forces and the flight does not involve air
transportation services under parts 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter.
* * * * *
6. Amend Sec. 61.29 by:
A. Removing paragraph (d)(3);
B. Re-designating existing paragraphs (d)(4) and (d)(5) as
paragraphs (d)(3) and (d)(4); and
C. Revising newly re-designated paragraph (d)(4) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.29 Replacement of a lost or destroyed airman or medical
certificate or knowledge test report.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(4) Any information regarding the--
(i) Grade, number, and date of issuance of the airman certificate
and ratings, if appropriate;
(ii) Class of medical certificate, the place and date of the
medical exam, name of the Airman Medical Examiner (AME), and the
circumstances concerning the loss of the original medical certificate,
as appropriate; and
(iii) Date the knowledge test was taken, if appropriate.
* * * * *
7. Amend Sec. 61.31 by:
A. Revising paragraph (d);
B. Re-designating existing paragraph (k) as (l); and
C. Adding new paragraph (k) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and
authorization requirements.
* * * * *
(d) Aircraft category, class, and type ratings: Limitations on
operating an aircraft as the pilot in command. To serve as the pilot in
command of an aircraft, a person must--
(1) Hold the appropriate category, class, and type rating (if a
class or type rating is required) for the aircraft to be flown; or
(2) Have received training required by this part that is
appropriate to the pilot certification level, aircraft category, class,
and type rating (if a class or type rating is required) for the
aircraft to be flown, and have received an endorsement for solo flight
in that aircraft from an authorized instructor.
* * * * *
(k) Additional training required for night vision goggle
operations. (1) Except as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of this
section, no person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft using
night vision goggles unless that person receives and logs ground
training from an authorized instructor and obtains a logbook or
training record endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies
the person completed the ground training. The ground training must
include the following subjects:
(i) Applicable portions of this chapter that relate to night vision
goggle limitations and flight operations;
(ii) Aeromedical factors relating to the use of night vision
goggles, including how to protect night vision, how the eyes adapt to
night, self-imposed stresses that affect night vision, effects of
lighting on night vision, cues used to estimate distance and depth
perception at night, and visual illusions;
(iii) Normal, abnormal, and emergency operations of night vision
goggle equipment;
(iv) Night vision goggle performance and scene interpretation; and
(v) Night vision goggle operation flight planning, including night
terrain interpretation and factors affecting terrain interpretation.
(2) Except as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of this section, no
person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft using night vision
goggles unless that person receives and logs flight training from an
authorized instructor and obtains a logbook or training record
endorsement from an authorized instructor who found the person
proficient in the use of night vision goggles. The flight training must
include the following tasks:
(i) Preparation and use of internal and external aircraft lighting
systems for night vision goggle operations;
(ii) Preflight preparation of night vision goggles for night vision
goggle operations;
(iii) Proper piloting techniques when using night vision goggles
during the takeoff, climb, enroute, descent, and landing phases of
flight; and
(iv) Normal, abnormal, and emergency flight operations using night
vision goggles.
(3) The requirements under paragraphs (k)(1) and (2) of this
section do not apply if a person can document satisfactory completion
of any of the following pilot proficiency checks using night vision
goggles in an aircraft:
(i) A pilot proficiency check for using night vision goggles
conducted by the U.S. Armed Forces; or
(ii) A pilot proficiency check for using night vision goggles under
part 135 of
[[Page 5834]]
this chapter conducted by an Examiner or check airman.
* * * * *
8. Amend Sec. 61.35 by revising paragraph (a)(2)(iv) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.35 Knowledge test: Prerequisites and passing grades.
(a) * * *
(2) * * *
(iv) Permanent mailing address. If the permanent mailing address
includes a post office box number, then provide a current residential
address.
* * * * *
9. Amend Sec. 61.39 by revising paragraphs (b)(2), (c)(1) ,
(c)(2), (d), and (e) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.39 Prerequisites for practical tests.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(2) Is employed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a flight crewmember in
U.S. military air transport operations at the time of the practical
test and has completed the pilot in command aircraft qualification
training program that is appropriate to the pilot certificate and
rating sought.
(c) * * *
(1) Holds a valid foreign pilot license issued by a contracting
State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation that authorizes
at least the privileges of the pilot certificate sought;
(2) Is only applying for a type rating; or
* * * * *
(d) If all increments of the practical test are not completed in 1
day, all remaining increments of the test must be completed within 2
calendar months after the month the applicant began the test.
(e) If all increments of the practical test are not completed
within 2 calendar months after the month the applicant began the test,
the applicant must retake the entire practical test.
10. Amend Sec. 61.43 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.43 Practical tests: General procedures.
(a) Completion of the practical test for a certificate or rating
consists of--
(1) Performing the tasks specified in the areas of operation for
the airman certificate or rating sought within the approved practical
test standards;
(2) Demonstrating mastery of the aircraft by performing each task
successfully;
(3) Demonstrating proficiency and competency within the approved
standards; and
(4) Demonstrating sound judgment.
(b) The pilot flight crew complement required during the practical
test is based on one of the following requirements that applies to the
aircraft being used on the practical test:
(1) If the aircraft's FAA-approved flight manual requires the pilot
flight crew complement be a single pilot, then the applicant must
demonstrate single pilot proficiency on the practical test.
(2) If the aircraft's type certification data sheet requires the
pilot flight crew complement be a single pilot, then the applicant must
demonstrate single pilot proficiency on the practical test.
(3) If the FAA Flight Standardization Board report, FAA-approved
aircraft flight manual, or aircraft type certification data sheet
allows the pilot flight crew complement to be either a single pilot, or
a pilot and a copilot, then the applicant may demonstrate single pilot
proficiency or have a copilot on the practical test. If the applicant
performs the practical test with a copilot, the limitation of ``Second
in Command Required'' will be placed on the applicant's pilot
certificate. The limitation may be removed if the applicant passes the
practical test by demonstrating single-pilot proficiency in the
aircraft in which single-pilot privileges are sought.
* * * * *
11. Amend Sec. 61.45 by revising paragraphs (a)(2)(iii) and (c) to
read as follows:
Sec. 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment.
(a) * * *
(2) * * *
(iii) A military aircraft of the same category, class, and type, if
class and type are applicable, for which the applicant is applying for
a certificate or rating, and provided--
(A) The aircraft is under the direct operational control of the
U.S. Armed Forces;
(B) The aircraft is airworthy under the maintenance standards of
the U.S. Armed Forces; and
(C) The applicant has a letter from his or her commanding officer
authorizing the use of the aircraft for the practical test.
* * * * *
(c) Required controls. Except for lighter-than-air aircraft and
gliders, an aircraft used for a practical test must have engine power
controls and flight controls that are easily reached and operable in a
conventional manner by both pilots, unless the Examiner determines that
the practical test can be conducted safely in the aircraft without the
controls easily reached by the Examiner.
* * * * *
12. Amend Sec. 61.51 by:
A. Adding new paragraph (b)(3)(iv);
B. Revising paragraph (b)(1)(iv), (b)(2)(v), (b)(3)(iii), (e), the
heading of paragraph (g) and paragraph (g)(4); and
C. Adding new paragraphs (j) and (k) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.51 Pilot logbooks.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) * * *
(iv) Type and identification of aircraft, flight simulator, flight
training device, or personal computer aviation training device, as
appropriate.
(2) * * *
(v) Training received in a flight simulator, flight training
device, or personal computer aviation training device from an
authorized instructor.
(3) * * *
(iii) Simulated instrument conditions in flight, a flight
simulator, flight training device, or personal computer aviation
training device.
(iv) Use of night vision goggles in an aircraft in flight, in a
flight simulator, or in a flight training device.
* * * * *
(e) Logging pilot in command flight time. (1) A recreational,
private, commercial, or airline transport pilot may log pilot in
command flight time for flights--
(i) When the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls of an
aircraft for which the pilot is rated, or has sport pilot privileges;
(ii) When the pilot is the sole occupant in the aircraft;
(iii) When the pilot, except for a recreational pilot, acts as
pilot in command of an aircraft for which more than one pilot is
required under the type certification of the aircraft or the
regulations under which the flight is conducted; or
(iv) When the pilot performs the duties of pilot in command while
under the supervision of a qualified pilot in command provided--
(A) The pilot performing the duties of pilot in command holds a
current and valid commercial or airline transport pilot certificate and
aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category and class of
aircraft being flown, if a class rating is appropriate;
(B) The pilot performing the duties of pilot in command is
undergoing an approved pilot in command training program that includes
ground and flight training on the following areas of operation--
[[Page 5835]]
(1) Preflight preparation;
(2) Preflight procedures;
(3) Takeoff and departure;
(4) In-flight maneuvers;
(5) Instrument procedures;
(6) Landings and approaches to landings;
(7) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(8) Emergency procedures; and
(9) Postflight procedures;
(C) The supervising pilot in command holds a--
(1) Current and valid commercial pilot certificate and flight
instructor certificate, and aircraft rating that is appropriate to the
category, class, and type of aircraft being flown, if a class or type
rating is required; or
(2) Current and valid airline transport pilot certificate and
aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category, class, and type of
aircraft being flown, if a class or type rating is required; and
(D) The supervising pilot in command logs the pilot in command
training in the pilot's logbook, certifies the pilot in command
training in the pilot's logbook, and attests to that certification with
his or her signature, and flight instructor certificate number.
(2) If rated to act as pilot in command of the aircraft, an airline
transport pilot may log all flight time while acting as pilot in
command of an operation requiring an airline transport pilot
certificate.
(3) A certificated flight instructor may log pilot in command time
for all flight time while serving as the authorized instructor in an
operation if the instructor is rated to act as pilot in command of that
aircraft.
* * * * *
(g) Logging instrument time.
* * * * *
(4) A person can use time in a flight simulator, flight training
device, or personal computer aviation training device for acquiring
instrument aeronautical experience for a pilot certificate, rating, or
instrument recency experience, provided an authorized instructor is
present to observe that time and signs the person's logbook to verify
the time and the content of the training session.
* * * * *
(j) Aircraft requirements for logging flight time. For a person to
log flight time, the time must be acquired in an aircraft that is
identified as an aircraft under Sec. 61.5(b), and is--
(1) An aircraft of U.S. registry with a current standard, limited,
restricted, experimental, or primary airworthiness certificate;
(2) A light sport aircraft for a sport pilot rating or privilege;
(3) An aircraft of foreign registry with an airworthiness
certificate that is approved by the aviation authority of a foreign
country that is a member state to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation Organization;
(4) A military aircraft under the direct operational control of the
U.S. Armed Forces; or
(5) A public aircraft under the direct operational control of a
Federal, State, County, or Municipal law enforcement agency, if the
flight time was acquired by the pilot while engaged on an official law
enforcement flight for a Federal, State, County, or Municipal law
enforcement agency.
(k) Logging night vision goggle time. (1) A person may log night
vision goggle time only for the time the person uses night vision
goggles as the primary visual reference of the surface and operates:
(i) An aircraft during a night vision goggle operation; or
(ii) A flight simulator or flight training device with the lighting
system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 hour after sunset
and ending 1 hour before sunrise.
(2) An authorized instructor may log night vision goggle time when
that person conducts training using night vision goggles as the primary
visual reference of the surface and operates:
(i) An aircraft during a night goggle operation; or
(ii) A flight simulator or flight training device with the lighting
system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 hour after sunset
and ending 1 hour before sunrise.
(3) To log night vision goggle time to meet the recent night vision
goggle experience requirements under Sec. 61.57(f), a person must log
the information required under Sec. 61.51(b).
13. Amend Sec. 61.57 by revising paragraph (c) and (d); and adding
new paragraphs (f) and (g) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.57 Recent flight experience: Pilot in command.
* * * * *
(c) Instrument experience. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of
this section, no person may act as pilot in command under IFR or
weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR unless:
(1) Use of an airplane, powered-lift, helicopter, or airship for
maintaining instrument experience. Within the 6 calendar months
preceding a flight, that person performed and logged at least the
following tasks, iterations, and flight time in an airplane, powered-
lift, helicopter, or airship, as appropriate, for the instrument rating
privileges to be maintained in actual weather conditions, or under
simulated conditions using a view-limiting device that involves
performing the following--
(i) Six instrument approaches consisting of both precision and non-
precision approaches.
(ii) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one
complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.
(iii) One hour of cross-country flying that involves intercepting
and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems, performing
a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival, approach, and missed
approach phase of flight.
(2) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for
maintaining instrument experience. Within the 6 calendar months
preceding the flight, that person performed and logged at least the
following tasks, iterations, and simulation time in a flight simulator
or flight training device, provided the flight simulator or flight
training device represents the category of aircraft for the instrument
rating privileges to be maintained and the person uses a view-limiting
device that involves performing the following--
(i) Three hours of instrument experience.
(ii) Two 180-degree steep turns involving turns in both directions.
(iii) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one
complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.
(iv) Six precision approaches.
(v) Six non-precision approaches.
(vi) Two usual altitude recoveries while in a descending,
Vne airspeed condition and two usual altitude recoveries
while in an ascending, stall speed condition.
(vii) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation that involves
intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation
systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival,
approach, and missed approach phase of flight.
(3) Use of a personal computer aviation training device for
maintaining instrument experience. Within the 2 calendar months
preceding the flight, that person performed and logged at least the
following tasks, iterations, and simulation time in a personal computer
aviation training device and the person uses a view-limiting device
that involves performing the following--
(i) Three hours of instrument experience.
(ii) Two 180-degree steep turns involving turns in both directions.
[[Page 5836]]
(iii) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one
complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.
(iv) Six precision approaches.
(v) Six non-precision approaches.
(vi) Two usual altitude recoveries while in a descending,
Vne airspeed condition and two usual altitude recoveries
while in an ascending, stall speed condition.
(vii) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation that involves
intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation
systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival,
approach, and missed approach phase of flight.
(4) Combination of completing instrument experience in an aircraft
and a flight simulator, flight training device, or personal computer
aviation training device. A person who elects to complete the
instrument experience with a combination of an aircraft, and a flight
simulator, flight training device, or personal computer aviation
training device must have within the 6 calendar months preceding the
flight performed and logged--
(i) One hour of cross-country flying in an airplane, powered-lift,
helicopter, or airship, as appropriate, for the instrument rating
privileges to be maintained in actual weather conditions, or under
simulated conditions using a view-limiting device and performing the
tasks of intercepting and tracking courses by the use of navigation
systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival,
approach, and missed approach phase of flight; and
(ii) Three hours of instrument experience using a view-limiting
device in a flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal
computer aviation training device that represents the category of
aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and
involves performing at least the following tasks--
(A) Two 180-degree steep turns involving turns in both directions.
(B) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one
complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.
(C) Six precision approaches.
(D) Six non-precision approaches.
(E) Two usual altitude recoveries while in a descending,
Vne airspeed condition and two usual altitude recoveries
while in an ascending, stall speed condition.
(F) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation that involves
intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation
systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival,
approach, and missed approach phase of flight.
(5) Combination of completing instrument experience in a flight
simulator or flight training device, and a personal computer aviation
training device. A person who elects to complete the instrument
experience with a combination of a flight simulator or flight training
device, and a personal computer aviation training device must have
within the 6 calendar months preceding the flight performed and
logged--
(i) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation using a view-
limiting device in a flight simulator or flight training device that
represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating
privileges to be maintained and involves performing the tasks of
intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation
systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival,
approach, and missed approach phase of flight; and
(ii) Three hours of instrument experience using a view-limiting
device in a personal computer aviation training device that represents
the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be
maintained and involves performing at least the following tasks--
(A) Two 180-degree steep turns involving turns in both directions.
(B) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one
complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.
(C) Six precision approaches.
(D) Six non-precision approaches.
(E) Two usual altitude recoveries while in a descending,
Vne airspeed condition and two usual altitude recoveries
while in an ascending, stall speed condition.
(F) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation that involves
intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation
systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival,
approach, and missed approach phase of flight.
(6) Maintaining instrument recent experience in a glider.
(i) Unless the person has performed and logged flight time in a
glider for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained in actual
weather conditions or under simulated conditions that include the
following:
(A) One hour of instrument flight time in a glider or in a single-
engine airplane using a view limiting device while performing cross-
country practice operations that involve intercepting and tracking
courses through the use of navigation systems while performing an area
departure, enroute, and area arrival phase of flight; and
(B) Two hours of instrument flight time in a glider or a single-
engine airplane with the use of a view limiting device while performing
straight glides, turns to specific headings, steep turns, flight at
various airspeeds, navigation, and slow flight and stalls.
(ii) Before a pilot is allowed to carry a passenger in a glider
under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed
for VFR, that pilot also must have logged and performed 2 hours of
instrument flight time in a glider using a view limiting device while
performing performance maneuvers, performance airspeeds, navigation,
slow flight, and stalls.
(d) Instrument proficiency check. Except as provided in paragraph
(e) of this section, a person who does not meet the instrument
experience requirements of paragraph (c) of this section within the 12
calendar months before the flight may not serve as pilot in command
under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed
for VFR until having passed an instrument proficiency check that
consists of the tasks required by the instrument rating practical test.
* * * * *
(f) Night vision goggle operating experience. (1) No person may act
as a pilot in command in a night vision goggle operation with
passengers on board unless, within 2 calendar months before the flight,
that person performs and logs the following tasks as the sole
manipulator of the controls on a flight during a night vision goggle
operation--
(i) Three takeoffs and three landings, with each takeoff and
landing including a climbout, cruise, descent, and approach phase of
flight (only required if the pilot wants to use night vision goggles
during the takeoff and landing phases of the flight).
(ii) Three hovering tasks (only required if the pilot wants to use
night vision goggles when operating helicopters or powered-lifts during
the hovering phase of flight).
(iii) Three area departure and area arrival tasks.
(iv) Three tasks of transitioning from aided night flight (aided
night flight means where the pilot uses night vision goggles to
maintain visual surface reference) to unaided night flight (unaided
night flight means where the pilot does not use night vision goggles)
and back to aided night flight.
(v) Three night vision goggle operations, or when operating
helicopters or powered-lifts, six night vision goggle operations.
[[Page 5837]]
(2) No person may act as a pilot in command using night vision
goggles unless, within 4 calendar months before the flight, that person
performs and logs the tasks listed in paragraph (f)(1)(i) through (v)
of this section as the sole manipulator of the controls during a night
vision goggle operation.
(g) Night vision goggle proficiency check. A person must either
meet the night vision goggle experience requirements of paragraphs
(f)(1) or (f)(2) of this section or pass a night vision goggle
proficiency check to act as pilot in command using night vision
goggles. The proficiency check must be performed in the category of
aircraft that is appropriate to the night vision goggle operation the
person is seeking the night vision goggle privilege or in a flight
simulator or flight training device that is representative of that
category of aircraft. The check must consist of the tasks listed under
Sec. 61.31(l) of this part, and the check must be performed by:
(1) An Examiner who is qualified and current to perform night
vision goggle operations in that same aircraft category and class;
(2) A person who is authorized by the U.S. Armed Forces to perform
night vision goggle proficiency checks, provided the person being
administered the check is also member of the U.S. Armed Forces;
(3) A company check pilot who is authorized to perform night vision
goggle proficiency checks under parts 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter,
provided that both the check pilot and the pilot being tested are
employees of that operator;
(4) An authorized flight instructor who is qualified and current to
perform night vision goggle operations in that same aircraft category
and class;
(5) A person who is qualified and current as pilot in command for
night vision goggle operations in accordance with paragraph (f) of this
section; or
(6) A person approved by the FAA to perform night vision goggle
proficiency checks.
14. Amend Sec. 61.59 by revising the section heading, paragraphs
(a)(1) through (4), and (b); and adding new paragraphs (c) and (d) to
read as follows:
Sec. 61.59 Applications, certificates, logbooks, reports, and
records: Falsification, reproduction, or alteration; Incorrect
statements.
(a) * * *
(1) A fraudulent or intentionally false statement on any
application for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization, or
duplicate thereof, issued under this part;
(2) A fraudulent or intentionally false entry in any logbook,
record, or report that is required to show compliance with any
requirement for the issuance of or exercise of the privileges of an
airman certificate, rating, or authorization;
(3) A reproduction of an airman certificate, rating, or
authorization for fraudulent purposes; or
(4) An alteration of an airman certificate, rating, or
authorization.
(b) The commission by any person of an act prohibited under
paragraph (a) of this section is basis for--
(1) Suspending or revoking an airman certificate or ratings held by
that person;
(2) Withdrawing authorizations held by that person; and
(3) Denying all applications for an airman certificate, rating, or
authorization requested by that person.
(c) An incorrect statement made on an application for an airman
certificate, rating, or authorization can serve as basis for
suspending, revoking, or denying an airman certificate, rating, or
authorization.
(d) An incorrect entry made in a logbook, record, or report to show
compliance with any requirements for an airman certificate, rating, or
authorization can serve as basis for suspending, revoking, or denying
an airman certificate, rating, or authorization.
15. Revise Sec. 61.63 to read as follows:
Sec. 61.63 Additional aircraft ratings (other than for ratings at the
airline transport pilot certification level).
(a) General. For an additional aircraft rating on a pilot
certificate, other than for an airline transport pilot certificate, a
person must meet the requirements of this section appropriate to the
additional aircraft rating sought.
(b) Additional aircraft category rating. A person who applies to
add a category rating to a pilot certificate:
(1) Must complete the training and have the applicable aeronautical
experience.
(2) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an
authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in
the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the
appropriate areas of operation.
(3) Must pass the practical test.
(4) Need not take an additional knowledge test if the person holds
an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating at that pilot
certificate level.
(c) Additional aircraft class rating. A person who applies for an
additional class rating on a pilot certificate:
(1) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an
authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in
the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the
appropriate areas of operation.
(2) Must pass the practical test.
(3) Need not meet the training time and iteration requirements
under this part that apply to the pilot certificate for the aircraft
class rating sought. If the person holds only a lighter-than-air
category rating with a balloon class rating and seeks an airship class
rating, then that person must receive the required training and possess
the appropriate aeronautical experience.
(4) Need not take an additional knowledge test if the person holds
an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating at that pilot
certificate level.
(d) Additional aircraft type rating. Except as provided under
paragraph (d)(6) of this section, a person who applies for an aircraft
type rating or an aircraft type rating to be completed concurrently
with an aircraft category or class rating--
(1) Must hold or concurrently obtain an appropriate instrument
rating, except as provided in paragraph (h) of this section.
(2) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an
authorized instructor attesting that the person is competent in the
appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the
appropriate areas of operation at the airline transport pilot
certification level.
(3) Must pass the practical test at the airline transport pilot
certification level.
(4) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated
instrument conditions, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this
section.
(5) Need not take an additional knowledge test if the applicant
holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating on the
pilot certificate.
(6) In the case of a pilot employee of a part 121 or part 135
certificate holder, the pilot must--
(i) Meet the appropriate requirements under paragraphs (d)(1),
(d)(3), and (d)(4) of this section; and
(ii) Receive a flight training record endorsement from the
certificate holder attesting that the person completed the certificate
holder's approved ground and flight training program.
(e) Aircraft not capable of instrument maneuvers and procedures.
(1) An applicant for a type rating or a type rating in addition to an
aircraft category and/or class rating who provides an aircraft that is
not capable of the instrument maneuvers and procedures required on the
practical test:
[[Page 5838]]
(i) May apply for the type rating, but the rating would be limited
to ``VFR only.''
(ii) May have the ``VFR only'' limitation removed for that aircraft
type after the applicant:
(A) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft in actual or
simulated instrument conditions;
(B) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft on the
appropriate instrument maneuvers and procedures under Sec. 61.157 of
this part; or
(C) Becomes qualified under Sec. 61.73(d) of this part for that
type of aircraft.
(2) When an instrument rating is issued to a person who holds one
or more type ratings, the amended pilot certificate must bear the ``VFR
only'' limitation for each aircraft type rating that the person did not
demonstrate instrument competency.
(f) Multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station. An applicant
for a type rating, at other than the ATP certification level, in a
multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the
practical test in the multi-seat version of that airplane, or the
practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that
airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant
during the practical test in the case where there is no multi-seat
version of that multiengine airplane.
(g) Single-engine airplane with a single-pilot station. An
applicant for a type rating, at other than the ATP certification level,
in a single engine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform
the practical test in the multi-seat version of that single-engine
airplane, or the practical test may be performed in the single-seat
version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe
the applicant during the practical test in the case where there is no
multi-seat version of that single-engine airplane.
(h) Aircraft category and class ratings for the operation of
aircraft with experimental certificates. A person holding a
recreational, private, or commercial pilot certificate may apply for a
category and class rating limited to a specific make and model of
experimental aircraft, provided--
(1) The person logged 5 hours flight time while acting as pilot in
command in the same category, class, make, and model of aircraft.
(2) The person received a logbook endorsement from an authorized
instructor who determined the pilot's proficiency to act as pilot in
command of the same category, class, make, and model of aircraft.
(3) The flight time specified under paragraph (h)(1) of this
section must have been logged between September 1, 2004 and August 31,
2005.
(i) Waiver authority. An Examiner who conducts a practical test may
waive any task for which the FAA has provided waiver authority.
16. Add new Sec. 61.64 to read as follows:
Sec. 61.64 Use of a flight simulator and flight training device.
(a) Use of a flight simulator for the airplane rating. If an
applicant uses a flight simulator for training or the practical test
for an airplane category, class, or type rating--
(1) The flight simulator--
(i) Must represent the category, class, and type of airplane rating
(if a type rating is applicable) for the rating sought;
(ii) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training
under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter; or under part 121 or part
135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that
air carrier operator;
(iii) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level C
flight simulator if the applicant performs any portion of the practical
test in the flight simulator; and
(iv) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level A
flight simulator if the applicant uses the flight simulator for any
training;
(2) If the type rating is for a turbojet airplane, the applicant
must--
(i) Hold a type rating in a turbojet airplane of the same class of
airplane, and that type rating may not contain a supervised operating
experience limitation;
(ii) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different turbojet
airplanes of the same class of airplane;
(iii) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a pilot in
command in a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane; or
(iv) Have 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane.
(3) If the type rating is for a turbo propeller airplane, the
applicant must--
(i) Hold a type rating in a turbo-propeller airplane of the same
class of airplane, and that type rating may not contain a supervised
operating experience limitation;
(ii) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different turbo-
propeller airplanes of the same class of airplane;
(iii) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a pilot in
command in a turbo-propeller airplane of the same class of airplane; or
(iv) Have 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane.
(4) If the applicant does not meet the requirements of paragraph
(a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section, then--
(i) The applicant must complete the following tasks on the
practical test in the airplane of the category, class, and type of
airplane rating (if a type rating is applicable) for which the airplane
rating applies: preflight inspection, normal takeoff, normal instrument
landing system approach, missed approach, and normal landing.
(ii) After passing the practical test, the applicant's pilot
certificate must state: ``The [name the category, class, and type of
airplane rating (if a type rating is applicable)] is subject to
additional pilot in command limitations,'' and the applicant is
restricted from serving as a pilot in command in that category, class,
and type of airplane rating (if a type rating is applicable).
(iii) The limitation described under paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this
section may be removed from the applicant's pilot certificate if the
applicant--
(A) Logs 25 hours of flight time in the category and class of
airplane for the rating sought, and if a type rating is being sought,
the flight time must be performed in the same type of airplane for the
type rating sought;
(B) Performs the 25 hours of flight time under the direct
observation of a pilot in command who holds the appropriate airplane
category, class, and type rating, without limitations, in the same
category, class, and type of airplane rating, if a type rating is
applicable;
(C) Logs each flight and the pilot in command who observed the
flight attests to each flight;
(D) Obtains the flight time while in the pilot in command seat of
the appropriate airplane category, class, and type, if a type rating is
appropriate; and
(E) Has an Examiner review the pilot logbook and endorse that
logbook, attesting to compliance with the required supervised operating
experience.
(b) Use of a flight training device for the airplane rating. If an
applicant uses a flight training device for training for the airplane
category, class, or type rating, the applicant must meet the
requirements of paragraph (a)(2), (a)(3) or (a)(4) of this section, and
the flight training device--
(1) Must represent the category, class, and type of airplane rating
(if a type rating is applicable) for the rating.
(2) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training
under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter, or under part 121 or part
135 of this
[[Page 5839]]
chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that air carrier
operator.
(3) Must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 2 flight
training device if the applicant completes the entire practical test in
the airplane.
(4) Must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 5 flight
training device if the applicant uses a flight simulator for any
portion of the practical test.
(c) Use of a flight simulator for the helicopter rating. If an
applicant uses a flight simulator for training or the practical test
for the helicopter class or type rating,
(1) The flight simulator--
(i) Must represent the class and type of helicopter rating (if a
type rating is applicable) for the rating;
(ii) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training
under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter, or under part 135 of this
chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that part 135
operator;
(iii) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level C
flight simulator if the applicant performs any portion of the practical
test in a flight simulator; and
(iv) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level A
flight simulator if the applicant uses a flight simulator for any
training.
(2) The applicant must meet one of the following requirements--
(i) Hold a type rating in a helicopter and that type rating may not
contain the supervised operating experience limitation;
(ii) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a pilot in
command of a helicopter;
(iii) Have 500 hours of flight time in the type of helicopter; or
(iv) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different types of
helicopters.
(3) If the applicant does not meet any of the requirements of
paragraph (c)(2) of this section, then--
(i) The applicant must complete the following tasks on the
practical test in the helicopter class and type rating (if a type
rating is applicable) for which the rating applies: Preflight
inspection, normal takeoff, normal instrument landing system approach,
missed approach, and normal landing.
(ii) After passing the practical test, the applicant's pilot
certificate must state: ``The [name the helicopter class, and type of
helicopter rating (if a type rating is applicable)] rating is subject
to additional pilot in command limitations,'' and the applicant is
restricted from serving as a pilot in command in that helicopter class
and type of helicopter rating (if a type rating is applicable).
(iii) The limitation described under paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this
section may be removed from the pilot certificate if the applicant
complies with the following--
(A) Logs 25 hours of flight time in the class of helicopter for the
rating sought, and if the person applied for a type rating, the flight
time must be performed in the same type of helicopter for the type
rating sought;
(B) Performs the 25 hours of flight time under the direct
observation of a pilot in command who holds the appropriate class and
type of helicopter rating (if a type rating is applicable), without
limitations, in the same class, and type of helicopter rating, if a
type rating is applicable;
(C) Logs each flight and the pilot in command who observed the
flight attests to each flight;
(D) Performs the flight time while in the pilot in command seat of
the appropriate class and type of helicopter rating, if a type rating
is appropriate; and
(E) Has an Examiner review the pilot logbook and endorse that
logbook, attesting to compliance with the required supervised operating
experience.
(d) Use of a flight training device for the helicopter rating. If
an applicant uses a flight training device for training for the
helicopter class or type rating, the applicant must meet the
requirements of either paragraph (c)(2) or (3) of this section and the
flight training device--
(1) Must represent the class and type of helicopter rating (if a
type rating is applicable) for the rating.
(2) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training
under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter, or under part 135 of this
chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that part 135
operator.
(3) Must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 2 flight
training device if the applicant completes the entire practical test in
the helicopter.
(4) Must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 5 flight
training device if the applicant uses a flight simulator for any
portion of the practical test.
(e) Use of a flight simulator for the powered-lift rating. If an
applicant uses a flight simulator for training or the practical test
for the powered-lift category or type rating--
(1) The flight simulator--
(i) Must represent the category and type of powered-lift rating (if
a type rating is applicable) for the rating;
(ii) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training
under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter, or under part 121 or part
135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that
air carrier operator;
(iii) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level C
flight simulator if the applicant performs any portion of the practical
test in a flight simulator; and
(iv) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level A
flight simulator if the applicant uses a flight simulator for any
training.
(2) The applicant must meet one of the following requirements--
(i) Hold a type rating in a powered-lift without a supervised
operating experience limitation;
(ii) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a pilot in
command of a powered-lift;
(iii) Have 500 hours of flight time in the type of powered-lift; or
(iv) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different types of
powered-lifts.
(3) If the applicant does not meet any of the requirements of
paragraph (e)(2) of this section, then--
(i) The applicant must complete the following tasks on the
practical test in the powered-lift of the category and type of powered-
lift rating (if a type rating is applicable) for which the rating
applies: preflight inspection, normal takeoff, normal instrument
landing system approach, missed approach, and normal landing.
(ii) After passing the practical test, the applicant's pilot
certificate must state: ``The [name of the category and type of
powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable)] rating is subject
to additional pilot in command limitations,'' and that applicant is
restricted from serving as a pilot in command in that category and type
of powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable).
(iii) The limitation described under paragraph (e)(3)(ii) of this
section may be removed from the pilot certificate if the applicant
complies with the following--
(A) Logs 25 hours of flight time in the powered-lift category for
the rating sought, and if a type rating is being sought, the flight
time must be performed in the same type of powered-lift for the type
rating sought;
(B) Performs the 25 hours flight time under the direct observation
of a pilot in command who holds the category and type of powered-lift
rating (if a type rating is applicable), without limitations, in the
same category and type of powered-lift rating, if a type rating is
applicable;
[[Page 5840]]
(C) Logs each flight and the pilot in command who observed the
flight attests to each flight;
(D) Performs the flight time while in the pilot in command seat of
the appropriate category and type of powered-lift rating, if a type
rating is appropriate; and
(E) Has an Examiner review the pilot logbook and endorse that
logbook, attesting to compliance with the required supervised operating
experience.
(f) Use of a flight training device for the powered-lift rating.
Whenever an applicant uses a flight training device for training for
the powered-lift category or type rating, the flight training device
must meet the following requirements, and the applicant must meet the
requirements of either paragraph (e)(2) or (e)(3) of this section.
(1) The flight training device must represent the class and type of
powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable) for the rating.
(2) The flight training device must be used in accordance with an
approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter;
or under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant
is a pilot employee of that air carrier operator.
(3) If the applicant completes the entire practical test in the
powered-lift, the flight training device used for training must be
qualified and approved at or above a Level 2 flight training device.
(4) If an applicant uses a flight simulator for any portion of the
practical test, the flight training device used for training must be
qualified and approved at or above a Level 5 flight training device.
17. Amend Sec. 61.65 by:
A. Revising paragraph (d);
B. Redesignating existing paragraph (e) as paragraph (g);
C. Adding new paragraphs (e), (f), and (h);
D. Revising newly designated paragraph (g) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.65 Instrument rating requirements.
* * * * *
(d) Aeronautical experience for the instrument-airplane rating. A
person who applies for an instrument-airplane rating must have logged:
(1) Fifty hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command,
of which 10 hours must have been in an airplane; and
(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas
of operation listed in paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15 hours
must have been received from an authorized instructor who holds an
instrument-airplane rating, and the instrument time includes:
(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized
instructor in an airplane that is appropriate to the instrument-
airplane rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the
practical test; and
(ii) Instrument flight training on cross-country flight procedures,
including one cross-country flight in an airplane with an authorized
instructor, that is performed under instrument flight rules, and a
flight plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and
involves--
(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles along airways or by directed
routing from an air traffic control facility;
(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and
(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation
systems.
(e) Aeronautical experience for the instrument-helicopter rating. A
person who applies for an instrument-helicopter rating must have
logged:
(1) Fifty hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command,
of which 10 hours must have been in a helicopter; and
(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas
of operation listed under paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15
hours must have been with an authorized instructor who holds an
instrument-helicopter rating, and the instrument time includes:
(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized
instructor in a helicopter that is appropriate to the instrument-
helicopter rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the
practical test; and
(ii) Instrument flight training on cross-country flight procedures,
including one cross-country flight in a helicopter with an authorized
instructor that is performed under instrument flight rules and a flight
plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and
involves--
(A) A flight of 100 nautical miles along airways or by directed
routing from an air traffic control facility;
(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and
(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation
systems.
(f) Aeronautical experience for the instrument-powered-lift rating.
A person who applies for an instrument-powered-lift rating must have
logged:
(1) Fifty hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command,
of which 10 hours cross-country must have been in a powered-lift; and
(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas
of operation listed under paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15
hours must have been received from an authorized instructor who holds
an instrument-powered-lift rating, and the instrument time includes:
(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized
instructor in a powered-lift that is appropriate to the instrument-
powered-lift rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the
practical test; and
(ii) Instrument flight training on cross-country flight procedures,
including one cross-country flight in a powered-lift with an authorized
instructor that is performed under instrument flight rules and a flight
plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and
involves--
(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles along airways or by directed
routing from an air traffic control facility;
(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and
(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation
systems.
(g) Use of flight simulators or flight training devices. If the
instrument time was provided by an authorized instructor in a flight
simulator or flight training device--
(1) A maximum of 30 hours may be performed in that flight simulator
or flight training device if the instrument time was completed in
accordance with part 142 of this chapter; or
(2) A maximum of 20 hours may be performed in that flight simulator
or flight training device if the instrument time was not completed in
accordance with part 142 of this chapter.
(h) Use of a personal computer aviation training device. A maximum
of 10 hours of instrument time received in a personal computer aviation
training device may be credited for the instrument time requirements of
this section if--
(1) The device is approved and authorized by the FAA;
(2) An authorized instructor provides the instrument time in the
device;
(3) No more than 10 hours of instrument time in a flight simulator
or flight training device was credited for the instrument time
requirements of this section;
(4) A view limiting device was worn by the applicant when logging
instrument time in the device; and
[[Page 5841]]
(5) The FAA approved the instrument training and instrument tasks
performed in the device.
18. Amend Sec. 61.69 by revising paragraphs (a)(1), (4), and (6)
introductory text to read as follows:
Sec. 61.69 Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing: Experience
and training requirements.
(a) * * *
(1) Holds a current and valid private, commercial or airline
transport pilot certificate with a category rating for powered
aircraft;
* * * * *
(4) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, has logged
at least three flights as the sole manipulator of the controls of an
aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle, or has
simulated towing flight procedures in an aircraft while accompanied by
a pilot who meets the requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this
section.
* * * * *
(6) Within 24 calendar months before the flight has--
* * * * *
19. Revise Sec. 61.73 to read as follows:
Sec. 61.73 Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules.
(a) General. Except for a person who has been removed from flying
status for lack of proficiency or because of a disciplinary action
involving aircraft operations, a U.S. military pilot or former military
pilot who meets the requirements of this section may apply, on the
basis of his or her military pilot qualifications, for:
(1) A commercial pilot certificate with the appropriate aircraft
category and class rating.
(2) An instrument rating with the appropriate aircraft rating.
(3) A type rating.
(b) Military pilots and former military pilots in an Armed Force of
the United States. A person who qualifies as a military pilot or former
military pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces may apply for a pilot
certificate and ratings under paragraph (a) of this section if that
person--
(1) Presents evidentiary documents described under paragraphs
(h)(1), (2), and (3) of this section that show the person's status in
the U.S. Armed Forces.
(2) Has passed the military competency aeronautical knowledge test
on the appropriate parts of this chapter for commercial pilot
privileges and limitations, air traffic and general operating rules,
and accident reporting rules.
(3) Presents official U.S. military records that shows compliance
with one of the following requirements--
(i) Prior to the date of the application, passing an official U.S.
military pilot and instrument proficiency check in a military aircraft
of the kind of aircraft category, class, and type, if class or type of
aircraft is applicable, for the ratings sought; or
(ii) Prior to the date of application, logging 10 hours of pilot
time as a military pilot in a U.S. military aircraft in the kind of
aircraft category, class, and type, if a class rating or type rating is
applicable, for the aircraft rating sought.
(c) A military pilot of an Armed Force of a foreign contracting
State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. A person who
is a military pilot of an Armed Force of a foreign contracting State to
the Convention on International Civil Aviation and is assigned to pilot
duties in the U.S. Armed Forces, for purposes other than receiving
flight training, may apply for a commercial pilot certificate and
ratings under paragraph (a) of this section, provided that person--
(1) Presents evidentiary documents described under paragraph (h)(4)
of this section that shows the person is a military pilot of an Armed
Force of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation, and is assigned to pilot duties in an Armed Force of
the United States, for purposes other than receiving flight training.
(2) Has passed the military competency aeronautical knowledge test
on the appropriate parts of this chapter for commercial pilot
privileges and limitations, air traffic and general operating rules,
and accident reporting rules.
(3) Presents official U.S. military records that show compliance
with one of the following requirements:
(i) Prior to the date of the application, passed an official U.S.
military pilot and instrument proficiency check in a military aircraft
of the kind of aircraft category, class, or type, if class or type of
aircraft is applicable, for the ratings; or
(ii) Prior to the date of application, logged 10 hours of pilot
time as a military pilot in a U.S. military aircraft of the kind of
category, class, and type of aircraft, if a class rating or type rating
is applicable, for the aircraft rating.
(d) Instrument rating. A person who is qualified as a U.S. military
pilot or former military pilot may apply for an instrument rating to be
added to a pilot certificate if that person has--
(1) Passed an instrument proficiency check by the U.S. Armed Forces
in the aircraft category for the instrument rating sought; and
(2) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is
instrument pilot qualified by the U.S. Armed Forces to conduct
instrument flying on Federal airways in that aircraft category and
class for the instrument rating sought.
(e) Aircraft type rating. An aircraft type rating may only be
issued for a type of aircraft that has a comparable civilian type
designation by the Administrator.
(f) Aircraft type rating placed on an airline transport pilot
certificate. A person who is a military pilot or former military pilot
of the U.S. Armed Forces and requests an aircraft type rating to be
placed on an existing U.S. airline transport pilot certificate may be
issued the rating at the airline transport pilot certification level,
provided that person:
(1) Holds a category and class rating for that type of aircraft at
the airline transport pilot certification level; and
(2) Has passed an official U.S. military pilot check and instrument
proficiency check in that type of aircraft.
(g) Flight instructor certificate and ratings. A person who is a
U.S. military instructor pilot may apply for and be issued a flight
instructor certificate with the appropriate ratings if that person:
(1) Holds a commercial or airline transport pilot certificate with
the appropriate aircraft category and class rating, if a class rating
is appropriate, for the flight instructor rating sought;
(2) Holds an instrument rating on the pilot certificate that is
appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought; and
(3) Presents the following evidentiary documents:
(i) A knowledge test report that shows the person passed a
knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed under Sec.
61.185(a) that are appropriate to the flight instructor rating;
(ii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is
qualified as a military instructor pilot for the flight instructor
rating;
(iii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is
a military instructor pilot for the flight instructor rating;
(iv) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person
graduated from a U.S. Armed Forces' instructor pilot training school
and received an aircraft rating qualification as a military instructor
pilot that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating; and
(v) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person
passed an instructor pilot proficiency check in an aircraft as a
military instructor pilot in
[[Page 5842]]
the U.S. Armed Forces that is appropriate to the flight instructor
rating.
(h) Evidentiary documents for qualifying for a pilot certificate
and rating. The following documents are required in order for a person
to be able to apply for a pilot certificate and rating:
(1) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is
or was a military pilot.
(2) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person
graduated from a U.S. Armed Forces undergraduate pilot training school
and received a rating qualification as a military pilot.
(3) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the pilot
passed a pilot proficiency check and instrument proficiency check in an
aircraft as a military pilot.
(4) If a person is a military pilot of an Armed Force from a
foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation and is applying for a pilot certificate and rating, that
person must present the following:
(i) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is a
military pilot in an Armed Force of the United States;
(ii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is
assigned as a military pilot with an Armed Force of the United States
for purposes other than receiving flight training;
(iii) An official record that shows the person graduated from a
military undergraduate pilot training school from an Armed Force from a
foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation or from an Armed Force of the United States, and received a
qualification as a military pilot; and
(iv) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows that the
person passed a pilot proficiency check and instrument proficiency
check in an aircraft as a military pilot in an Armed Force of the
United States.
20. Amend Sec. 61.75 by revising paragraphs (a), (b) introductory
text, (b)(2), (b)(3), (c), (d) introductory text, (e)(1), (e)(4), (f),
and (g) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.75 Private pilot certificate issued on the basis of a foreign
pilot license.
(a) General. A person who holds a valid foreign pilot license at
the private pilot level or higher that was issued by a contracting
State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may apply for
and be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate with the appropriate
ratings if the foreign pilot license meets the requirements of this
section.
(b) Certificate issued. A U.S. private pilot certificate issued
under this section must specify the person's foreign license number and
country of issuance. A person who holds a valid foreign pilot license
issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation may be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate based on the
foreign pilot license without any further showing of proficiency,
provided the applicant:
(1) * * *
(2) Holds a valid foreign pilot license, at the private pilot
license level or higher, that does not contain a limitation stating
that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that
license;
(3) Does not hold a U.S. pilot certificate other than a U.S.
student pilot certificate;
* * * * *
(c) Aircraft ratings issued. Aircraft ratings listed on a person's
foreign pilot license, in addition to any issued after testing under
the provisions of this part, may be placed on that person's U.S. pilot
certificate for private pilot privileges only.
(d) Instrument ratings issued. A person who holds a valid
instrument rating on the foreign pilot license issued by a contracting
State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may be issued
an instrument rating on a U.S. pilot certificate provided:
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) May act as a pilot in command of a civil aircraft of the United
States in accordance with the pilot privileges authorized by this part
and the limitations placed on that U.S. pilot certificate;
* * * * *
(4) Cannot exercise the privileges of that U.S. pilot certificate
when the person's foreign pilot license is not valid.
(f) Limitation on licenses used as the basis for a U.S.
certificate. A person may use only one foreign pilot license as a basis
for the issuance of a U.S. pilot certificate. The foreign pilot license
and medical certification used as a basis for issuing a U.S. pilot
certificate under this section must be written in English or
accompanied by an English transcription that has been signed by an
official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that
issued the foreign pilot license.
(g) Limitation placed on a U.S. pilot certificate. A U.S. pilot
certificate issued under this section can only be exercised when the
pilot has the foreign pilot license, upon which the issuance of the
U.S. pilot certificate was based, in the holder's possession or is
readily accessible in the aircraft.
21. Amend Sec. 61.77 by:
A. Revising the section heading; revising paragraphs (a)(2),
(b)(1), and (b)(4);
B. Removing paragraph (b)(5); and
C. Redesignating paragraph (b)(6) as (b)(5) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.77 Special purpose pilot authorization: Operation of a civil
aircraft of the United States and leased by a non -U.S. citizen.
(a) * * *
(2) For carrying persons or property for compensation or hire for
operations in--
(i) Scheduled international air services in turbojet-powered
airplanes of U.S. registry;
(ii) Scheduled international air services in airplanes of U.S.
registry having a configuration of more than nine passenger seats,
excluding crewmember seats;
(iii) Nonscheduled international air transportation in airplanes of
U.S. registry having a configuration of more than 30 passenger seats,
excluding crewmember seats; or
(iv) Scheduled international air services, or nonscheduled
international air transportation, in airplanes of U.S. registry having
a payload capacity of more than 7,500 pounds.
(b) * * *
(1) A valid foreign pilot license issued by the aeronautical
authority of a contracting State to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation that contains the appropriate aircraft category, class,
type rating, if appropriate, and instrument rating for the aircraft to
be flown;
* * * * *
(4) Documentation the applicant meets the medical standards for the
issuance of the foreign pilot license from the aeronautical authority
of that contracting State to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation; and
* * * * *
22. Amend Sec. 61.96 by revising paragraphs (b)(7) and (b)(8); and
adding a new paragraph (b)(9) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.96 Applicability and eligibility requirements: General.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(7) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation listed under
Sec. 61.98(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and
class rating;
(8) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the
aircraft category and class rating; and
[[Page 5843]]
(9) Hold a U.S. student pilot certificate.
23. Amend Sec. 61.101 by revising paragraph (e)(1)(iii) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.101 Recreational pilot privileges and limitations.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) * * *
(iii) With a powerplant of more than 180 horsepower, except
aircraft certificated in the rotorcraft category; or
* * * * *
24. Amend Sec. 61.103 by adding new paragraph (j) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.103 Eligibility requirements: General.
* * * * *
(j) Hold a valid U.S. student pilot certificate, or recreational
pilot certificate.
25. Amend Sec. 61.109 by revising paragraphs (a)(5)(ii),
(b)(5)(ii), (c)(4)(ii), (d)(4)(ii), and (e)(5)(ii) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.109 Aeronautical experience.
(a) * * *
(5) * * *
(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 150 nautical miles total
distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of
the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(5) * * *
(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 150 nautical miles total
distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of
the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(4) * * *
(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 100 nautical miles total
distance, with landings at three points, and one segment of the flight
being a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between
the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(4) * * *
(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 100 nautical miles total
distance, with landings at three points, and one segment of the flight
being a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between
the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(5) * * *
(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 150 nautical miles total
distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of
the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
26. Amend Sec. 61.127 by:
A. Redesignating paragraphs (b)(4)(vi) through (ix) as (b)(4)(vii)
through (x);
B. Adding a new paragraph (b)(4)(vi);
C. Removing paragraph (b)(5)(vii); and
D. Re-designating existing paragraphs (b)(5)(viii) through (xiii)
as (b)(5)(vii) through (xii) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.127 Flight proficiency.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(4) * * *
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;
* * * * *
27. Amend Sec. 61.129 by revising paragraphs (a)(3)(i),
(a)(3)(iii), (a)(3)(iv), (a)(4) introductory text, (b)(3)(i),
(b)(3)(iii), (b)(3)(iv), (c)(3)(i), (c)(3)(ii), (c)(3)(iii), (c)(4)
introductory text, (d)(3)(i), (d)(3)(ii), (d)(3)(iii), (d)(4)
introductory text, (e)(3)(i), (e)(3)(ii), (e)(3)(iii), (e)(4)
introductory text, (g)(2) introductory text, (g)(3), (g)(4)(ii),
(g)(4)(iii), and (i)(3) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.129 Aeronautical experience.
(a) * * *
(3) * * *
(i) 10 hours of instrument training using a view limiting device
including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training must
be in a single-engine airplane;
* * * * *
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a single-engine airplane
in day-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance
of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a single-engine airplane in
night-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance
of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
and
* * * * *
(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a single-engine airplane or 10
hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a
single-engine airplane with an authorized instructor on board (either
of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under
paragraph (a)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed
under Sec. 61.127(b)(1) that includes--
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(3) * * *
(i) Ten hours of instrument training using a view limiting device
including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training must
be in a multiengine airplane;
* * * * *
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a multiengine airplane in
day-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of
more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a multiengine airplane in
night-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance
of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
and
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(3) * * *
(i) Five hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter
solely by reference to instruments using a view limiting device
including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in
an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal
computer aviation training device;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a helicopter in day-time
conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than
50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a helicopter in night-time
conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than
50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
* * * * *
(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a helicopter or 10 hours of
flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a helicopter
with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited
towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (c)(2) of this
section), on the areas of operation listed under Sec. 61.127(b)(3)
that includes--
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(3) * * *
(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane solely
by
[[Page 5844]]
reference to instruments using a view limiting device including
attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems.
This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight
simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation
training device;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a gyroplane in day-time
conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than
50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) Two hours of flight training during night-time conditions in
a gyroplane at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to
a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic
pattern); and
* * * * *
(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a gyroplane or 10 hours of
flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a gyroplane
with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited
towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (d)(2) of this
section), on the areas of operation listed under Sec. 61.127(b)(4) of
this part that includes--
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(3) * * *
(i) Ten hours of instrument training using a view limiting device
including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training must
be in a powered-lift;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in day-time
conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than
100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in night-
time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more
than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
* * * * *
(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift or 10 hours of
flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a powered-lift
with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited
towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (e)(2) of this
section), on the areas of operation listed under Sec. 61.127(b)(5) of
this part that includes--
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(2) Thirty hours of pilot in command time in airships or performing
the duties of pilot in command in an airship with an authorized
instructor aboard, which consists of--
* * * * *
(3) Forty hours of instrument time to include--
(i) Instrument training using a view limiting device for attitude
instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight
attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems; and
(ii) Twenty hours of instrument flight time, of which 10 hours must
be in flight in airships.
(4) * * *
(ii) One 1-hour cross-country flight in an airship in day-time
conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than
25 nautical miles from the point of departure; and
(iii) One 1-hour cross-country flight in an airship in night-time
conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than
25 nautical miles from the point of departure.
* * * * *
(i) * * *
(3) Except when fewer hours are approved by the FAA, an applicant
for the commercial pilot certificate with the airplane or powered-lift
rating who has completed 190 hours of aeronautical experience is
considered to have met the total aeronautical experience requirements
of this section, provided the applicant satisfactorily completed an
approved commercial pilot course under part 142 of this chapter and the
approved course was appropriate to the commercial pilot certificate and
aircraft rating sought.
28. Amend Sec. 61.133 by revising paragraph (a)(1) introductory
text to read as follows:
Sec. 61.133 Commercial pilot privileges and limitations.
(a) * * *
(1) General. A person who holds a current and valid commercial
pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft--
* * * * *
29. Amend Sec. 61.153 by revising paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(3), and
(h) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.153 Eligibility requirements: General.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(1) Holds a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating
issued under this part;
* * * * *
(3) Holds either a valid foreign airline transport pilot license
with instrument privileges, or a valid foreign commercial pilot license
with an instrument rating, that--
(i) Was issued by a contracting State to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation; and
(ii) Contains no geographical limitations.
* * * * *
(h) Comply with the sections of this subpart that apply to the
aircraft category and class rating sought.
30. Revise Sec. 61.157 to read as follows:
Sec. 61.157 Flight proficiency.
(a) General.
(1) The practical test for an airline transport pilot certificate
is given for--
(i) An airplane category and single-engine class rating.
(ii) An airplane category and multiengine class rating.
(iii) A rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.
(iv) A powered-lift category rating.
(v) An aircraft type rating.
(2) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot
practical test must meet--
(i) The eligibility requirements of Sec. 61.153 of this part; and
(ii) The aeronautical knowledge and aeronautical experience
requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and
class rating sought.
(b) Aircraft type rating. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of
this section, a person who applies for an aircraft type rating to be
added to an airline transport pilot certificate or applies for a type
rating to be concurrently completed with an airline transport pilot
certificate:
(1) Must receive and log ground and flight training from an
authorized instructor on the areas of operation under this section that
apply to the aircraft type rating;
(2) Must receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized
instructor that certifies the applicant completed the training on the
areas of operation listed under paragraph (e) of this section that
apply to the aircraft type rating; and
(3) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated
instrument conditions, except as provided under paragraph (g) of this
section.
(c) Exceptions. A person who applies for an aircraft type rating to
be added to an airline transport pilot certificate or an aircraft type
rating concurrently with an airline transport pilot certificate, and
who is an employee of a certificate holder operating under part 121 or
part 135 of this chapter, does not need to comply with the requirements
of paragraph (b) of this section if the applicant presents a training
record that
[[Page 5845]]
shows completion of that certificate holder's approved pilot in command
training program for the aircraft type rating.
(d) Upgrading type ratings. Any type rating(s) and limitations on a
pilot certificate of an applicant who completes an airline transport
pilot practical test will be included at the airline transport pilot
certification level, provided the applicant passes the practical test
in the same category and class of aircraft for which the applicant
holds the type rating(s).
(e) Areas of operation.
(1) For an airplane category--single-engine class rating:
(i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Postflight procedures.
(2) For an airplane category--multiengine class rating:
(i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Postflight procedures.
(3) For a powered-lift category rating:
(i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Postflight procedures.
(4) For a rotorcraft category--helicopter class rating:
(i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Postflight procedures.
(f) Proficiency and competency checks conducted under part 121 or
part 135. (1) Completion of a pilot in command proficiency check under
Sec. 121.441 of this chapter that is conducted by an Examiner or a FAA
Aviation Safety Inspector satisfies the requirements of this section
for the appropriate aircraft rating.
(2) Completion of both the following checks that are conducted by
an Examiner or a FAA Aviation Safety Inspector satisfies the
requirements of this section for the appropriate aircraft rating--
(i) Pilot in command proficiency check under Sec. 135.293 of this
chapter; and
(ii) Pilot in command instrument proficiency check under Sec.
135.297 of this chapter.
(g) Aircraft not capable of instrument maneuvers and procedures. An
applicant may add a type rating to an airline transport pilot
certificate with an aircraft that is not capable of the instrument
maneuvers and procedures required on the practical test under the
following circumstances--
(1) The rating is limited to ``VFR only.''
(2) The type rating is added to an airline transport pilot
certificate that has instrument privileges in that category and class
of aircraft.
(3) The ``VFR only'' limitation may be removed for that aircraft
type after the applicant:
(i) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft on the
appropriate instrument maneuvers and procedures under Sec. 61.157 of
this part; or
(ii) Becomes qualified under Sec. 61.73(d) of this part for that
type of aircraft.
(h) Multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station. An applicant
for a type rating, at the ATP certification level, in a multiengine
airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in
the multi-seat version of that airplane, or the practical test may be
performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner
is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test in
the case where there is no multi-seat version of that multiengine
airplane.
(i) Single-engine airplane with a single-pilot station. An
applicant for a type rating, at the ATP certification level, in a
single-engine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the
practical test in the multi-seat version of that single-engine
airplane, or the practical test may be performed in the single-seat
version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe
the applicant during the practical test in the case where there is no
multi-seat version of that single-engine airplane.
(j) Waiver authority. An Examiner who conducts a practical test may
waive any task for which the FAA has provided waiver authority.
31. Amend Sec. 61.159 by adding a new paragraph (c)(3); and
revising paragraphs (d) and (e) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.159 Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(3) Flight-engineer time, provided the flight time--
(i) Is acquired as a U.S. Armed Forces' flight engineer crewmember
in an airplane that requires a flight engineer crewmember by the flight
manual;
(ii) Is acquired while the person is participating in a flight
engineer crewmember training program for the U.S. Armed Forces; and
(iii) Does not exceed 1 hour for each 3 hours of flight engineer
flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours.
(d) An applicant will be issued an airline transport pilot
certificate with the limitation, ``Holder does not meet the pilot in
command aeronautical experience requirements of ICAO,'' as prescribed
under Article 39 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, if
the applicant does not meet the ICAO requirements contained in Annex 1
``Personnel Licensing'' to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation, but otherwise meets the aeronautical experience requirements
of this section.
(e) An applicant is entitled to an airline transport pilot
certificate without the ICAO limitation specified under paragraph (d)
of this section when the applicant presents satisfactory evidence of
having met the ICAO requirements under paragraph (d) of this section
and otherwise meets the aeronautical experience requirements of this
section.
32. Amend Sec. 61.167 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) to
read as follows:
Sec. 61.167 Privileges.
(a) A person who holds a valid airline transport pilot certificate
is entitled to the same privileges as a person who holds a commercial
pilot certificate with an instrument rating.
(b) * * *
(3) Only as provided in this section, except that an airline
transport pilot who also holds a current and valid flight instructor
certificate can exercise the instructor privileges under subpart H of
this part for which he or she is rated; and
* * * * *
[[Page 5846]]
33. Amend Sec. 61.187 by revising paragraph (b)(6)(vii) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.187 Flight proficiency.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(6) * * *
(vii) Launches and landings;
* * * * *
34. Amend Sec. 61.193 by revising the introductory text to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.193 Flight instructor privileges.
A person who holds a current and valid flight instructor
certificate is authorized within the limitations of that person's
flight instructor certificate and ratings to train and issue
endorsements that are required for:
* * * * *
35. Amend Sec. 61.195 by revising paragraphs (b), (c), and (d)(3)
introductory text; and adding a new paragraph (k) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.195 Flight instructor limitations and qualifications.
* * * * *
(b) Aircraft Ratings. A flight instructor may not conduct flight
training in any aircraft for which the flight instructor does not hold:
(1) A pilot certificate and flight instructor certificate with the
applicable category and class rating; and
(2) If appropriate, a type rating.
(c) Instrument Rating. A flight instructor who provides instrument
training for the issuance of an instrument rating, a type rating not
limited to VFR, or the instrument training required for commercial
pilot and airline transport pilot certificates must hold an instrument
rating on his or her pilot certificate and flight instructor
certificate that is appropriate to the category and class of aircraft
for the training provided.
(d) * * *
(3) Student pilot's logbook for solo flight in a Class B airspace
area or at an airport within Class B airspace unless that flight
instructor has--
* * * * *
(k) Training for night vision goggle operations. A flight
instructor may not conduct training for night vision goggle operations
unless the flight instructor:
(1) Has a pilot and flight instructor certificate with the
applicable category and class rating for the training;
(2) If appropriate, has a type rating on his or her pilot
certificate for the aircraft;
(3) Is pilot-in-command qualified for night vision goggle
operations, in accordance with Sec. 61.31(l);
(4) Has logged 100 night vision goggle operations as the sole
manipulator of the controls;
(5) Has logged 20 night vision goggle operations as sole
manipulator of the controls in the category and class, and type of
aircraft, if aircraft class and type is appropriate, that the training
will be given in;
(6) Is qualified and current to act as a pilot in command in night
vision goggle operations under Sec. 61.57(f) or (g); and
(7) Has a logbook endorsement from an FAA Aviation Safety Inspector
or a person who is authorized by the FAA to provide that logbook
endorsement that states the flight instructor is authorized to perform
the night vision goggle pilot in command qualification and recent
flight experience requirements under Sec. 61.31(l) and Sec. 61.57(f)
and (g).
36. Amend Sec. 61.197 by revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a) introductory text and (a)(2) introductory text to read
as follows:
Sec. 61.197 Recent flight instructor experience.
(a) A person who holds a valid flight instructor certificate must
maintain the privileges under that certificate by--
* * * * *
(2) Filing a completed and signed application and receiving an
endorsement from an authorized Examiner in his or her logbook or on
another suitable document that is acceptable to the FAA that certifies
the flight instructor renewal applicant satisfactorily completed one of
the following renewal requirements--
* * * * *
37. Amend Sec. 61.199 by revising the section heading and
paragraph (a) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.199 Expired flight instructor privileges.
(a) Flight instructor certificates. The holder of a flight
instructor certificate who has not complied with the recent flight
instructor experience requirements under Sec. 61.197 may reinstate
flight instructor privileges by:
(1) Completing and passing a flight instructor practical test, as
prescribed under Sec. 61.183(h); and
(2) Receiving an endorsement in his or her logbook or on another
document that is acceptable to the FAA that shows the applicant
completed and passed a flight instructor practical test, as prescribed
under Sec. 61.183(h).
* * * * *
38. Amend Sec. 61.215 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory
text, (b), (c) introductory text, and (d) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.215 Ground instructor privileges.
(a) A person who holds a current and valid basic ground instructor
rating is authorized to provide:
* * * * *
(b) A person who holds a current and valid advanced ground
instructor rating is authorized to provide:
(1) Ground training on the aeronautical knowledge areas required
for the issuance of any certificate or rating under this part except
for the aeronautical knowledge areas required for an instrument rating;
(2) The ground training required for any flight review except for
the training required for an instrument rating; and
(3) A recommendation for a knowledge test required for the issuance
of any certificate or rating under this part except for an instrument
rating.
(c) A person who holds a current and valid instrument ground
instructor rating is authorized to provide:
* * * * *
(d) A person who holds a current and valid ground instructor
certificate is authorized, within the limitations of the ratings on the
certificate, to endorse the logbook or other training record of a
person to whom the holder has provided the training or recommendation
specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.
39. Revise Sec. 61.217 to read as follows:
Sec. 61.217 Recent experience requirements.
The holder of a ground instructor certificate may not perform the
duties of a ground instructor unless the person can show that one of
the following occurred during the preceding 12 calendar months:
(a) Employment or activity as a ground instructor giving pilot,
flight instructor, or ground instructor training;
(b) Employment or activity as a flight instructor giving pilot,
flight instructor, or ground instructor ground or flight training;
(c) Completion of an approved flight instructor refresher course
and receipt of a graduation certificate for that course; or
(d) An endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that
the person has demonstrated knowledge in the subject areas prescribed
under Sec. Sec. 61.213(a)(3) and (a)(4), as appropriate.
PART 91--GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES
40. The authority citation for part 91 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 1155, 40103, 40113, 40120, 44101,
44111, 44701, 44709,
[[Page 5847]]
44711, 44712, 44715, 44716, 44717, 44722, 46306, 46315, 46316,
46504, 46506-46507, 47122, 47508, 47528-47531, articles 12 and 29 of
the Convention on International Civil Aviation (61 stat. 1180).
41. Amend Sec. 91.205 by:
A. Re-designating existing paragraph (h) as paragraph (i); and
B. Adding a new paragraph (h) to read as follows:
Sec. 91.205 Powered civil aircraft with standard category U.S.
airworthiness certificates; Instrument and equipment requirements.
* * * * *
(h) Night vision goggle operations. For night vision goggle
operations, the following instruments and equipment must be installed
in the aircraft, functioning in a normal manner, and approved for use
by the FAA:
(1) Instruments and equipment specified in paragraph (b) of this
section, instruments and equipment specified in paragraph (c) of this
section;
(2) Night vision goggles;
(3) Interior and exterior aircraft lighting system required for
night vision goggle operations;
(4) Two-way radio communications system;
(5) Gyroscopic pitch and bank indicator (artificial horizon); and
(6) Generator or alternator of adequate capacity for the required
instruments and equipment.
* * * * *
PART 141--PILOT SCHOOLS
42. The authority citation for 14 CFR part 141 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709,
44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.
43. Revise Sec. 141.5 to read as follows:
Sec. 141.5 Requirements for a pilot school certificate.
The FAA may issue a pilot school certificate with the appropriate
ratings if, within the 24 calendar months before the date application
is made, the applicant--
(a) Completes the application for a pilot school certificate on the
form and in the manner prescribed by the FAA;
(b) Has held a provisional pilot school certificate;
(c) Meets the applicable requirements under subparts A through C of
this part for the school certificate and associated ratings sought;
(d) Has trained and recommended 10 different people for a knowledge
test or a practical test, or any combination thereof, and 80 percent of
those persons passed their tests on the first attempt; and
(e) Has graduated 10 different people from the school's approved
training courses.
44. Revise Sec. 141.9 to read as follows:
Sec. 141.9 Examining authority.
The FAA issues examining authority to a pilot school for a training
course if the pilot school and its training course meet the
requirements of subpart D of this part.
45. Amend Sec. 141.33 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as
follows:
Sec. 141.33 Personnel.
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(2) The school has an enrollment of 10 students at the time
designation is sought.
* * * * *
46. Revise Sec. 141.39 to read as follows:
Sec. 141.39 Aircraft.
(a) When the school's training facility is located within the U.S.,
an applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school
certificate must show that each aircraft used by the school for flight
training and solo flights:
(1) Is a civil aircraft of the United States;
(2) Is certificated with a standard or primary airworthiness
certificate, unless the FAA determines otherwise because of the nature
of the approved course;
(3) Is maintained and inspected in accordance with the requirements
for aircraft operated for hire under part 91, subpart E of this
chapter;
(4) Has two pilot stations with engine-power controls that can be
easily reached and operated in a normal manner from both pilot stations
(for flight training); and
(5) Is equipped and maintained for IFR operations if used in a
course involving IFR en route operations and instrument approaches. For
training in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by
reference to instruments, the aircraft may be equipped as provided in
the approved course of training.
(b) When the school's training facility is located outside the U.S.
and the training will be conducted outside the U.S., an applicant for a
pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate must
show that each aircraft used by the school for flight training and solo
flights:
(1) Is either a civil aircraft of the United States or a civil
aircraft of foreign registry;
(2) Is certificated with a standard or primary airworthiness
certificate or an equivalent certification from the foreign aviation
authority;
(3) Is maintained and inspected in accordance with the requirements
for aircraft operated for hire under part 91, subpart E of this
chapter, or in accordance with equivalent maintenance and inspection
from the foreign aviation authority's requirements;
(4) Has two pilot stations with engine-power controls that can be
easily reached and operated in a normal manner from both pilot stations
(for flight training); and
(5) Is equipped and maintained for IFR operations if used in a
course involving IFR en route operations and instrument approaches. For
training in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by
reference to instruments, the aircraft may be equipped as provided in
the approved course of training.
47. Amend Sec. 141.53 by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:
Sec. 141.53 Approval procedures for a training course: General.
* * * * *
(c) Training courses. An applicant for a pilot school certificate
or provisional pilot school certificate may request approval for the
training courses specified under Sec. 141.11(b).
48. Amend Sec. 141.55 by revising paragraphs (d) introductory
text, (e) introductory text, and (e)(2)(ii) introductory text to read
as follows:
Sec. 141.55 Training course: Contents.
* * * * *
(d) A pilot school may request and receive initial approval for a
period of not more than 24 calendar months for any training course
under this part that does not meet the minimum ground and flight
training time requirements, provided the following provisions are met:
* * * * *
(e) A pilot school may request and receive final approval for any
training course under this part that does not meet the minimum ground
and flight training time requirements, provided the following
conditions are met:
(2) * * *
(ii) At least 80 percent of those students passed the practical or
knowledge test, as appropriate, on the first attempt, and that test was
given by--
* * * * *
49. Amend Sec. 141.77 by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:
Sec. 141.77 Limitations.
* * * * *
[[Page 5848]]
(c) A student may be given credit towards the curriculum
requirements of a course for previous training under the following
conditions:
(1) If the student completed a proficiency test and knowledge test
that was conducted by the receiving pilot school and the previous
training was based on a part 141 or a part 142-approved flight training
course, the credit is limited to not more than 50 percent of the flight
training requirements of the curriculum.
(2) If the student completed a knowledge test that was conducted by
the receiving pilot school and the previous training was based on a
part 141 or a part 142-approved aeronautical knowledge training course,
the credit is limited to not more than 50 percent of the aeronautical
knowledge training requirements of the curriculum.
(3) If the student completed a proficiency test and knowledge test
that was conducted by the receiving pilot school and the training was
received from other than a part 141 or a part 142-approved flight
training course, the credit is limited to not more than 25 percent of
the flight training requirements of the curriculum.
(4) If the student completed a knowledge test that was conducted by
the receiving pilot school and the previous training was received from
other than a part 141 or a part 142-approved aeronautical knowledge
training course, the credit is limited to not more than 25 percent of
the aeronautical knowledge training requirements of the curriculum.
(5) Completion of previous training must be certified in the
student's training record by the training provider or a management
official within the training provider's organization, and must
contain--
(i) The kind and amount of training provided; and
(ii) The result of each stage check and end-of-course test, if
appropriate.
50. Amend Sec. 141.85 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text
and (a)(1) to read as follows:
Sec. 141.85 Chief instructor responsibilities.
(a) A chief instructor designated for a pilot school or provisional
pilot school is responsible for:
(1) Certifying each student's training record, graduation
certificate, stage check and end-of-course test reports, and
recommendation for course completion, unless the duties are delegated
by the chief instructor to an assistant chief instructor or
recommending instructor;
* * * * *
51. Amend Appendix B to part 141 by revising paragraph 2;
paragraphs 4.(b)(1)(iii), 4.(b)(2)(iii), and 4.(b)(5)(iii); and
5.(a)(1), 5.(b)(1), 5.(c)(1), 5.(d)(1), and 5.(e)(1) to read as
follows:
Appendix B to Part 141--Private Pilot Certification Course
* * * * *
2. Eligibility for enrollment. A person must hold a valid
recreational pilot certificate or valid student pilot certificate
prior to enrollment in the solo flight phase of the private pilot
certification course.
* * * * *
4. * * *
(b) * * *
(1) * * *
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on
the control and maneuvering of a single-engine airplane solely by
reference to instruments, including straight and level flight,
constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of
navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to
instrument flight; and
* * * * *
(2) * * *
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on
the control and maneuvering of a multiengine airplane solely by
reference to instruments, including straight and level flight,
constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of
navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to
instrument flight; and
* * * * *
(5) * * *
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift on the
control and maneuvering of a powered-lift solely by reference to
instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed
climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation
systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument
flight; and
* * * * *
5. * * *
(a) * * *
(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with
landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical
miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) One 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with landings at
a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight consisting
of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between
the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with
landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical
miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with
landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical
miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with
landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical
miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and
* * * * *
52. Amend Appendix C to part 141 by revising paragraphs 4.(b)(2)
through 4.(b)(4); adding new paragraphs 4.(b)(5) and (6); and revising
the introductory language of paragraph 4.(d) to read as follows:
Appendix C to Part 141--Instrument Rating Course
* * * * *
4. * * *
(b) * * *
(1) * * *
(2) Credit for training in a flight simulator that meets the
requirements of Sec. 141.41(a) of this part cannot exceed 50
percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the course
or of this section, whichever is less.
(3) Credit for training in a flight training device that meets
the requirements of Sec. 141.41(b) of this part cannot exceed 40
percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the course
or of this section, whichever is less.
(4) Credit for training in flight simulators and flight training
devices, if used in combination, cannot exceed 50 percent of the
total flight training hour requirements of the course or of this
section, whichever is less. However, credit for training in a flight
training device cannot exceed the limitation provided for in
paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(5) Credit for training in an approved personal computer
aviation training device cannot exceed 10 percent of the total
flight training hour requirements of the course or of this section,
whichever is less.
(6) Credit for training in flight simulators, flight training
devices, and personal computer aviation training devices, if used in
combination, cannot exceed 50 percent of the total flight training
hour requirements of the course or of this section, whichever is
less. However, credit for training in a personal computer aviation
training device cannot exceed the limitation provided under
paragraph (b)(5) of this section.
* * * * *
(d) Each course must include flight training on the areas of
operation listed under this paragraph appropriate to the instrument
aircraft category and class rating (if a class
[[Page 5849]]
rating is appropriate) for which the course applies:
* * * * *
53. Amend Appendix D to part 141 by revising paragraphs
4.(b)(1)(i), (ii), (iii), and (iv); revising paragraphs 4.(b)(2)(i),
(iii), and (iv); revising paragraphs 4.(b)(3)(i), (ii), and (iii);
revising paragraphs 4.(b)(4)(i), (ii), and (iii), 4.(b)(5)(i), (ii),
and (iii); revising paragraphs 4.(b)(7)(i), (ii), and (iii); re-
designating paragraphs 4.(d)(4)(vi) through (ix) as 4.(d)(4)(vii)
through (x); adding a new paragraph 4.(d)(4)(vi); and revising the
introductory language of paragraphs 5.(a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) to
read as follows:
Appendix D to Part 141--Commercial Pilot Certification Course
* * * * *
4. * * *
(b) * * *
(1) * * *
(i) 10 hours of instrument training using a view limiting device
including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems. 5 of the 10 hours of instrument training must
be in a single-engine airplane;
(ii) 10 hours of training in an airplane that has a retractable
landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is
turbine-powered;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in
a single-engine airplane that consists of a total straight-line
distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of
departure;
(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions in
a single-engine airplane that consists of a total straight-line
distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
* * * * *
(2) * * *
(i) 10 hours of instrument training using a view limiting device
including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems. 5 of the 10 hours of instrument training must
be in a multiengine airplane;
* * * * *
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in
a multiengine airplane that consists of a total straight-line
distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of
departure;
(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions in
a multiengine airplane that consists of a total straight-line
distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
* * * * *
(3) * * *
(i) 5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter
solely by reference to instruments, including using a view limiting
device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills,
recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and
tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be
performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device,
or a personal computer aviation training device;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in a
helicopter that consists of a total straight-line distance of more
than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions
in a helicopter that consists of a total straight-line distance of
more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
and
* * * * *
(4) * * *
(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane
solely by reference to instruments, including using a view limiting
device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills,
recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and
tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be
performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device,
or a personal computer aviation training device;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in a
gyroplane that consists of a total straight-line distance of more
than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) 2 hours of flight training in night-time conditions in a
gyroplane at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings
to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic
pattern); and
* * * * *
(5) * * *
(i) 10 hours of instrument training using a view limiting device
including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking
navigational systems. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training
must be in a powered-lift;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in a
powered-lift that consists of a total straight-line distance of more
than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions
in a powered-lift that consists of a total straight-line distance of
more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
and
* * * * *
(7) * * *
(i) 3 hours of instrument training in an airship, including
using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial
panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and
intercepting and tracking navigational systems;
(ii) One 1-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in
an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of more
than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 1-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions
in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of
more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
and
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(4) * * *
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;
5. * * *
(a) For an airplane single-engine course. 10 hours of solo
flight time in a single-engine airplane, or 10 hours of flight time
while performing the duties of pilot in command in a single-engine
airplane with an authorized instructor on board. The training must
consist of the approved areas of operation under paragraph (d)(1) of
section No. 4 of this appendix, and include--
* * * * *
(b) For an airplane multiengine course. 10 hours of solo flight
time in a multiengine airplane, or 10 hours of flight time while
performing the duties of pilot in command in a multiengine airplane
with an authorized instructor on board. The training must consist of
the approved areas of operation under paragraph (d)(2) of section
No. 4 of this appendix, and include--
* * * * *
(c) For a rotorcraft helicopter course. 10 hours of solo flight
time in a helicopter, or 10 hours of flight time while performing
the duties of pilot in command in a helicopter with an authorized
instructor on board. The training must consist of the approved areas
of operation under paragraph (d)(3) of section No. 4 of this
appendix, and include--
* * * * *
(d) For a rotorcraft-gyroplane course. 10 hours of solo flight
time in a gyroplane, or 10 hours of flight time while performing the
duties of pilot in command in a gyroplane with an authorized
instructor on board. The training must consist of the approved areas
of operation under paragraph (d)(4) of section No. 4 of this
appendix, and include--
* * * * *
(e) For a powered-lift course. 10 hours of solo flight time in a
powered-lift, or 10 hours of flight time while performing the duties
of pilot in command in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor
on board. The training must consist of the approved areas of
operation under paragraph (d)(5) of section No. 4 of this appendix,
and include--
* * * * *
54. Amend Appendix E to part 141 by revising the introductory text
of paragraph 2; removing paragraph 2.(a); re-designating existing
paragraph 2.(b) as 2.(a) revising newly re-designated paragraph 2.(a);
re-designating paragraph 2.(c) as (b); and re-designating paragraph
2.(d) as (c) to read as follows:
Appendix E to Part 141--Airline Transport Pilot Certification Course
* * * * *
2. Eligibility for enrollment. Before completing the flight
portion of the airline transport pilot certification course, a
person must meet the aeronautical experience requirements for an
airline transport pilot certificate under part 61, subpart G of this
chapter that is appropriate to the aircraft category and class
rating for which the course applies, and:
[[Page 5850]]
(a) Hold a commercial pilot certificate and an instrument
rating, or an airline transport pilot certificate with instrument
privileges;
* * * * *
55. Amend Appendix I to part 141 by revising the appendix heading;
and revising paragraphs 3 and 4 to read as follows:
Appendix I to Part 141--Additional Aircraft Category and/or Class
Rating Course
* * * * *
3. Aeronautical knowledge training. (a) For a recreational pilot
certificate, the following aeronautical knowledge areas must be
included in a 10-hour ground training course for an additional
aircraft category and/or class rating:
(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations for recreational
pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;
(2) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including
collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake
turbulence;
(3) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb
performance;
(4) Weight and balance computations;
(5) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft
systems;
(6) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery
techniques if applying for an airplane single-engine rating; and
(7) Preflight action that includes how to obtain information on
runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and
landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel
requirements.
(b) For a private pilot certificate, the following aeronautical
knowledge areas must be included in a 10-hour ground training course
for an additional class rating or a 15-hour ground training course
for an additional aircraft category and class rating:
(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations for private pilot
privileges, limitations, and flight operations;
(2) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including
collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake
turbulence;
(3) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb
performance;
(4) Weight and balance computations;
(5) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft
systems;
(6) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery
techniques if applying for an airplane single-engine rating; and
(7) Preflight action that includes how to obtain information on
runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and
landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel
requirements.
(c) For a commercial pilot certificate, the following
aeronautical knowledge areas must be included in a 15-hour ground
training course for an additional class rating or a 20-hour ground
training course for an additional aircraft category and class
rating:
(1) Federal Aviation Regulations that apply to commercial pilot
privileges, limitations, and flight operations;
(2) Basic aerodynamics and the principles of flight;
(3) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft;
(4) Weight and balance computations;
(5) Use of performance charts;
(6) Significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance
limitations;
(7) Principles and functions of aircraft systems;
(8) Maneuvers, procedures, and emergency operations appropriate
to the aircraft;
(9) Night-time and high-altitude operations; and
(10) Procedures for flight and ground training for lighter-than-
air ratings.
(d) For an airline transport pilot certificate, the following
aeronautical knowledge areas must be included in a 25-hour ground
training course for an additional aircraft category and/or class
rating:
(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations that relate to
airline transport pilot privileges, limitations, and flight
operations;
(2) Meteorology, including knowledge of and effects of fronts,
frontal characteristics, cloud formations, icing, and upper-air
data;
(3) General system of weather and NOTAM collection,
dissemination, interpretation, and use;
(4) Interpretation and use of weather charts, maps, forecasts,
sequence reports, abbreviations, and symbols;
(5) National Weather Service functions as they pertain to
operations in the National Airspace System;
(6) Windshear and microburst awareness, identification, and
avoidance;
(7) Principles of air navigation under instrument meteorological
conditions in the National Airspace System;
(8) Air traffic control procedures and pilot responsibilities as
they relate to en route operations, terminal area and radar
operations, and instrument departure and approach procedures;
(9) Aircraft loading; weight and balance; use of charts, graphs,
tables, formulas, and computations; and the effects on aircraft
performance;
(10) Aerodynamics relating to an aircraft's flight
characteristics and performance in normal and abnormal flight
regimes;
(11) Human factors;
(12) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and
(13) Crew resource management to include crew communication and
coordination.
4. Flight training.
(a) Course for an additional airplane category and single-engine
class rating.
(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course must
include 15 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under
part 141, appendix A, paragraph 4(c)(1) that include--
(i) 2 hours of flight training to an airport and at an airport
that is located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where
the applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three
landings, except as provided under Sec. 61.100 of this chapter; and
(ii) 3 hours of flight training in an aircraft with the airplane
category and single-engine class within 2 calendar months before the
date of the practical test.
(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course must include
20 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under part
141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(1). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used to meet more than 4 hours of the
training requirements, and the use of the flight training device is
limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a single-engine
airplane, except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a single-engine
airplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100
nautical miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic
pattern) at an airport;
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on
the control and maneuvering of the airplane solely by reference to
instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed
climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation
systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument
flight; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane
within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course must
include 55 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under
part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(1). A flight simulator and
flight training device cannot be used to meet more than 16.5 hours
of the training requirements, and the use of the flight training
device is limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course must include--
(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a single-engine airplane
that includes training using a view limiting device on attitude
instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational
systems;
(ii) 10 hours of training in an airplane that has retractable
landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is
turbine-powered;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in a single-engine airplane, a total straight-line distance of more
than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in a single-engine airplane, a total straight-line
distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
(v) 3 hours in a single-engine airplane within 2 calendar months
before the date of the practical test.
(4) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course must
include 25 hours flight training, including 15 hours of instrument
training, in a single-engine airplane on the areas of operation
under part 141, appendix E, paragraph 4.(c). A flight simulator and
flight training device cannot be used to meet more than 12.5 hours
of the training requirements; and the use of the flight training
device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.
(b) Course for an additional airplane category and multiengine
class rating.
[[Page 5851]]
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20
hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141,
appendix B, paragraph 4.(d)(2). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a multiengine airplane,
except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a multiengine
airplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100
nautical miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a
full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic
pattern) at an airport;
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on
the control and maneuvering of a multiengine airplane solely by
reference to instruments, including straight and level flight,
constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of
navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to
instrument flight; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane in
preparation for the practical test within 2 calendar months before
the date of the test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 55
hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141,
appendix D, paragraph 4.(d)(2). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 16.5 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course must include--
(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a multiengine airplane
including training using a view limiting device for attitude
instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational
systems;
(ii) 10 hours of training in a multiengine airplane that has
retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller,
or is turbine-powered;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in a multiengine airplane, and a total straight-line distance of
more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in a multiengine airplane, and a total straight-line
distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
(v) 3 hours in a multiengine airplane within 2 calendar months
before the date of the practical test.
(3) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course
requires 25 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on
the areas of operation under part 141, appendix E, paragraph 4.(c)
that includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator
and flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to
meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training
device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.
(c) Course for an additional rotorcraft category and helicopter
class rating.
(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course requires
15 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under part
141, appendix A, paragraph 4.(c)(2) that includes--
(i) 2 hours of flight training to and at an airport that is
located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the
applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three landings,
except as provided under Sec. 61.100 of this chapter; and
(ii) 3 hours of flight training in a rotorcraft category and a
helicopter class aircraft within 2 calendar months before the date
of the practical test.
(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20
hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141,
appendix B, paragraph 4.(d)(3). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include--
(i) Except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter, 3
hours of cross-country flight training in a helicopter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a helicopter that
includes one cross-country flight of more than 50-nautical-miles
total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with
each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport; and
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(3) The commercial pilot certificate level requires 30 hours
flight training on the areas of operations under appendix D of part
141, paragraph 4.(d)(3). A flight simulator and flight training
device cannot be used more than 9 hours to meet the training
requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6
of the 9 hours. The course must include--
(i) 5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter
solely by reference to instruments, and must include training using
a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel
skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and
tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be
performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device,
or a personal computer aviation training device;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in a helicopter, a total straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in a helicopter, a total straight-line distance of more
than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
(iv) 3 hours in a helicopter within 2 calendar months before the
date of the practical test.
(4) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course
requires 25 hours of flight training, including 15 hours of
instrument training, in a helicopter on the areas of operation under
part 141, appendix E, paragraph 4.(c). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.
(d) Course for an additional rotorcraft category and a gyroplane
class rating.
(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course requires
15 hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141,
appendix A, paragraph 4.(c)(3) that includes--
(i) 2 hours of flight training to and at an airport that is
located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the
applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three landings,
except as provided under Sec. 61.100 of this chapter; and
(ii) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane class within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20
hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141,
appendix B, paragraph 4.(d)(4). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a gyroplane,
except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a gyroplane that
includes one cross-country flight of more than 50-nautical miles
total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with
each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport; and
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 30
hours flight training on the areas of operations of appendix D to
part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(4). A flight simulator and flight training
device cannot be used more than 6 hours to meet the training
requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6
of the 9 hours. The course must include--
(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane
solely by reference to instruments, and must include training using
a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel
skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and
tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be
performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device,
or a personal computer aviation training device.
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in a gyroplane, a total straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) 2 hours of flight training during night-time conditions in
a gyroplane at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings
to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic
pattern); and
(iv) 3 hours in a gyroplane within 2 calendar months before the
date of the practical test.
(e) Course for an additional lighter-than-air category and
airship class rating.
[[Page 5852]]
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20
hours of flight training on the areas of operation under part 141,
appendix B, paragraph 4.(d)(7). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in an airship,
except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in an airship that
includes one cross-country flight of more than 25-nautical miles
total distance and five takeoffs and five landings to a full stop
(with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport;
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in an airship on the control
and maneuvering of an airship solely by reference to instruments,
including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and
descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight
attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/
facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in an airship within 2 calendar
months before the date of the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 55
hours of flight training on the areas of operation under part 141,
appendix D, paragraph 4.(d)(7). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 16.5 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of instrument training in an airship that must
include training using a view limiting device for attitude
instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational
systems;
(ii) One 1-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of
more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 1-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in an airship that consists of a total straight-line
distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in an airship within 2 calendar
months before the date of the practical test.
(f) Course for an additional lighter-than-air category and a gas
balloon class rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires eight
hours of flight training that includes five training flights on the
areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(8). A
flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than
1.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight
training device is limited to 1.2 of the 1.6 hours. The course must
include--
(i) Two flights of 1 hour each;
(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet
above the launch site; and
(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10
hours of flight training that includes eight training flights on the
areas of operations under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(8). A
flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than
3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight
training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must
include--
(i) Two flights of 1 hour each;
(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 5,000 feet
above the launch site; and
(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test.
(g) Course for an additional lighter-than-air category and a hot
air balloon class rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires eight
hours of flight training that includes five training flights on the
areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(8). A
flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than
1.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight
training device is limited to 1.2 of the 1.6 hours. The course must
include--
(i) Two flights of 30 minutes each;
(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 2,000 feet
above the launch site; and
(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10
hours of flight training that includes eight training flights on the
areas of operation under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(8). A
flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than
3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight
training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must
include--
(i) Two flights of 30 minutes each;
(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet
above the launch site; and
(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test.
(h) Course for an additional powered-lift category rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20
hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141,
appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(5). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a powered-lift
except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a powered-lift
that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100-nautical-
miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop
(with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport;
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift on the
control and maneuvering of a powered-lift solely by reference to
instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed
climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation
systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument
flight;
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 55
hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141,
appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(5). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 16.5 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course includes--
(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a powered-lift that must
include training using a view limiting device for attitude
instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational
systems;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in a powered-lift, a total straight-line distance of more than 100
nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in a powered-lift, a total straight-line distance of more
than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(3) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course
requires 25 hours flight training in a powered-lift on the areas of
operation under part 141, appendix E, paragraph 4(c) that includes
15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.
(i) Course for an additional glider category rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 4
hours of flight training in a glider on the areas of operations
under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(6). A flight simulator
and flight training device cannot be used more than 0.8 hours to
meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training
device is limited to 0.6 of the 0.8 hours. The course must include--
(i) Five training flights in a glider with a certificated flight
instructor on the launch/tow procedures approved for the course and
on the appropriate approved areas of operation listed under appendix
B, paragraph 4(d)(6) of this part; and
(ii) Three training flights in a glider with a certificated
flight instructor within 2 calendar months before the date of the
practical test.
(2) The commercial pilot certificate level requires 4 hours of
flight training in a glider on the areas of operation under part
141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(6). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 0.8 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 0.6 of the 0.8 hours. The course must include--
(j) Course for an airplane additional single-engine class
rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 3
hours of flight training. in the areas of operations under part 141,
[[Page 5853]]
appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(1). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 0.6 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 0.4 of the 0.6 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a single-engine
airplane, except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a single-engine
airplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100
nautical miles total distance in a single-engine airplane and 10
takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving
a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on
the control and maneuvering of a single-engine airplane solely by
reference to instruments, including straight and level flight,
constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of
navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to
instrument flight; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane
within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10
hours of flight training on the areas of operations under part 141,
appendix D, paragraph 4.(d)(1).
(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a single-engine airplane
that must include training using a view limiting device for attitude
instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational
systems.
(ii) 10 hours of flight training in an airplane that has
retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller,
or is turbine-powered.
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in a single-engine airplane and a total straight-line distance of
more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in a single-engine airplane and a total straight-line
distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
(v) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane
within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(3) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course
requires 25 hours flight training in a single-engine airplane on the
areas of operation under appendix E to part 141, paragraph 4.(c),
that includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator
and flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to
meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training
device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.
(k) Course for an airplane additional multiengine class rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 3
hours of flight training on the areas of operations of appendix B to
part 141, paragraph 4(d)(2). A flight simulator and flight training
device cannot be used more than 0.6 hours to meet the training
requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to
0.4 of the 0.6 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a multiengine airplane,
except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a multiengine
airplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100
nautical miles total distance in a multiengine airplane, and 10
takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving
a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on
the control and maneuvering of a multiengine airplane solely by
reference to instruments, including straight and level flight,
constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery
from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of
navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to
instrument flight; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane within
2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10
hours of training on the areas of operations under appendix D of
part 141, paragraph 4(d)(2). A flight simulator and flight training
device cannot be used more than 3 hours to meet the training
requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 2
of the 3 hours. The course must include--
(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a multiengine airplane
that must include training using a view limiting device on for
attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from
unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational
systems;
(ii) 10 hours of training in a multiengine airplane that has
retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller,
or is turbine-powered;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in a multiengine airplane and, a total straight-line distance of
more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in a multiengine airplane and, a total straight-line
distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane within
2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(3) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course
requires 25 hours of training in a multiengine airplane on the areas
of operation of appendix E to part 141, paragraph 4.(c) that
includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator and
flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet
the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.
(l) Course for a rotorcraft additional helicopter class rating.
(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course requires
3 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under appendix
A of part 141, paragraph 4.(c)(2) that includes--
(i) 2 hours of flight training to and at an airport that is
located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the
applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three landings,
except as provided under Sec. 61.100 of this chapter; and
(ii) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 3
hours flight training on the areas of operations under appendix B of
part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(3). A flight simulator and flight training
device cannot be used more than 0.6 hours to meet the training
requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to
0.4 of the 0.6 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a helicopter, except as
provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a helicopter that
includes one cross-country flight of more than 50-nautical-miles
total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with
each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport; and
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 5
hours flight training on the areas of operations under appendix D of
part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(3). Use of a flight simulator and flight
training device in the approved training course cannot exceed 1
hour; however, use of the flight training device cannot exceed 0.7
of the one hour. The course must include--
(i) 5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter
solely by reference to instruments, and must include training using
a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel
skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and
tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be
performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device,
or a personal computer aviation training device;
(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in a helicopter and, a total straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in a helicopter and a total straight-line distance of
more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(4) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course
requires 25 hours of flight training in a helicopter on the areas of
operation under appendix E of part 141, paragraph 4.(c) that
includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator and
flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet
the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.
(m) Course for a rotorcraft additional gyroplane class rating.
(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course requires
3 hours flight training on the areas of operations of appendix A to
part 141, paragraph 4.(c)(3) that includes--
[[Page 5854]]
(i) Except as provided under Sec. 61.100 of this chapter, 2
hours of flight training to and at an airport that is located more
than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally
trains, with three takeoffs and three landings; and
(ii) Within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical
test, 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane.
(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 3
hours flight training on the areas of operations of appendix B to
part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(4). A flight simulator and flight training
device cannot be used more than 0.6 hours to meet the training
requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to
0.4 of the 0.6 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a gyroplane;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a gyroplane that
includes one cross-country flight of more than 50-nautical-miles
total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with
each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport; and
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane within 2
calendar months before the date of the practical test.
(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 5
hours flight training on the areas of operations of appendix D to
part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(4). A flight simulator and flight training
device cannot be used more than 1 hour to meet the training
requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to
0.7 of the 1 hour. The course must include--
(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane
solely by reference to instruments, and must include training using
a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel
skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and
tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be
performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device,
or a personal computer aviation training device.
(ii) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a gyroplane,
except as provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(iii) 2 hours of flight training during night-time conditions in
a gyroplane at an airport that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings
to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic
pattern); and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane within 2 calendar
months before the date of the practical test.
(n) Course for a lighter-than-air additional airship class
rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20
hours of flight training on the areas of operation under appendix B
of part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(7). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in an airship, except as
provided under Sec. 61.111 of this chapter;
(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in an airship that
includes one cross-country flight of more than 25-nautical-miles
total distance, and five takeoffs and five landings to a full stop
(with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport;
(iii) 3 hours of flight training in an airship on the control
and maneuvering of an airship solely by reference to instruments,
including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and
descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight
attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/
facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in an airship within 2 calendar
months before the date of the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 55
hours of flight training on the areas of operation under appendix D
of part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(7). A flight simulator and flight
training device cannot be used more than 16.5 hours to meet the
training requirements, and use of the flight training device is
limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course must include--
(i) 3 hours of instrument training in an airship that must
include training using a view limiting device for attitude
instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual
flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational
systems;
(ii) One 1-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions
in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of
more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure;
(iii) One 1-hour cross-country flight during night-time
conditions in an airship that consists of a total straight-line
distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in an airship within 2 calendar
months before the date of the practical test.
(o) Course for a lighter-than-air additional gas balloon class
rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires eight
hours of flight training that includes five training flights on the
areas of operations under appendix B of part 141, paragraph
4.(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be
used more than 1.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use
of the flight training device is limited to 1.2 of the 1.6 hours.
The course must include--
(i) Two flights of 1 hour each;
(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet
above the launch site; and
(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10
hours of flight training that includes eight training flights on the
areas of operations of appendix D to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(8). A
flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than
3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight
training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must
include--
(i) Two flights of 1 hour each;
(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 5,000 feet
above the launch site; and
(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test.
(p) Course for a lighter-than-air additional hot air balloon
class rating.
(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 8
hours of flight training that includes five training flights on the
areas of operations of appendix B to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(8). A
flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than
1.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight
training device is limited to 1.2 of the 1.6 hours. The course must
include--
(i) Two flights of 30 minutes each;
(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 2,000 feet
above the launch site; and
(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test.
(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10
hours of flight training that includes eight training flight on the
areas of operation of appendix D to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(8). A
flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than
3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight
training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must
include--
(i) Two flights of 30 minutes each.
(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet
above the launch site; and
(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of
the practical test.
* * * * *
Issued in Washington, DC on December 27, 2006.
James Ballough,
Director, Flight Standards Service.
[FR Doc. E7-1467 Filed 2-6-07; 8:45 am]
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