[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 183 (Friday, September 19, 2008)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 54309-54313]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-22034]
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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
19 CFR Part 12
[Docket No. USCBP-2008-0076; CBP Dec. 08-40]
RIN 1505-AB99
Extension of Import Restrictions Imposed on Archaeological
Material From Cambodia
AGENCIES: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland
Security; Department of the Treasury.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This document amends Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
regulations to reflect both continuing and new import restrictions on
certain archaeological material from Cambodia. Import restrictions that
were previously imposed by CBP Decision 03-28 on certain stone, metal,
and ceramic archaeological materials that are due to expire on
September 19, 2008, are extended. The Assistant Secretary for
Educational and Cultural Affairs, United States Department of State,
has made the requisite determination for the extension of import
restrictions that previously existed and for amending the agreement so
that it applies also to archaeological material of the Bronze and Iron
Ages. Accordingly, these import restrictions will remain in effect
until September 19, 2013, and title 19 of the CBP regulations is being
amended to reflect this amended bilateral agreement. These restrictions
are being extended pursuant to determinations of the United States
Department of State made under the terms of the 1970 Convention on
Cultural Property Implementation Act in accordance with the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit
Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. This
document also contains the amended Designated List of Archaeological
Material that describes the articles to which the restrictions apply,
including the new categories of objects (glass and bone) and the
additional subcategories of stone and metal objects from the Bronze and
Iron Age.
DATES: Effective Date: This final rule is effective on September 19,
2008.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For legal aspects, George F. McCray,
Esq.,
[[Page 54310]]
Chief, Intellectual Property Rights and Restricted Merchandise Branch,
(202) 572-8710. For operational aspects, Michael Craig, Chief, Other
Government Agencies Branch, (202) 863-6558.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
Pursuant to the provisions of the 1970 United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention, codified into
U.S. law as the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act
(Pub. L. 97-446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.), the United States entered
into a bilateral agreement with Cambodia on September 19, 2003,
concerning the imposition of import restrictions on Khmer
archaeological material from the 6th century through the 16th century
A.D. in Cambodia. On September 22, 2003, CBP published CBP Decision 03-
28 in the Federal Register (68 FR 55000), which amended 19 CFR
12.104g(a) to reflect the imposition of these restrictions, which
subsumed the emergency import restrictions of 1999, and included a list
designating the types of archaeological material covered by the
restrictions.
Import restrictions listed in 19 CFR 12.104g(a) are ``effective for
no more than five years beginning on the date on which the agreement
enters into force with respect to the United States. This period can be
extended for additional periods not to exceed five years if it is
determined that the factors which justified the initial agreement still
pertain and no cause for suspension of the agreement exists'' (19 CFR
12.104g(a)).
Amended Bilateral Agreement
Consistent with expressed interest in an extension of the agreement
from the Royal Government of Cambodia and with the findings and
recommendations of the Cultural Property Advisory Committee, the
Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs, United States
Department of State, made the requisite determinations on June 13,
2008, that the cultural heritage of Cambodia continues to be in
jeopardy from the pillage of the archaeological materials described
further below in the list of designated materials, and that, therefore,
the import restrictions on certain stone archaeological materials from
Cambodia that were previously imposed by emergency import restrictions
under Treasury Decision (T.D.) 99-88 (64 FR 67479, December 2, 1999)
and then extended by CBP Decision 03-28 (68 FR 55000, September 22,
2003) to include certain stone, metal, and ceramic archaeological
materials, are extended for an additional five year period until
September 19, 2013, and include additional subcategories of objects and
new categories of glass and bone objects from the Bronze and Iron Age.
Accordingly, the title of the bilateral agreement was amended to read:
``Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the United
States of America and the Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia
Concerning the Imposition of Import Restrictions on Archaeological
Material from Cambodia from the Bronze Age through the Khmer Era.''
By exchange of diplomatic notes the agreement was extended and
amended on August 26, 2008. Accordingly, CBP is amending 19 CFR
12.104g(a) to reflect the extension of the import restrictions on the
currently protected cultural property as well as the new categories and
subcategories from the Bronze Age (c. 1500 B.C.-500 B.C.) and the Iron
Age (c. 500 B.C.-550 A.D.) in the amended bilateral agreement.
Amended Designated List
The Designated List of articles that are protected pursuant to the
bilateral agreement, as amended, on Archaeological Material from
Cambodia from the Bronze Age (c. 1500 B.C.) through the sixteenth
century (16th c. A.D.) has been revised. We note that subcategories of
objects from the Bronze and Iron Ages have been added, as well as new
categories, such as glass and bone, pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 2606.
List of Archaeological Material From Cambodia From the Bronze Age (c.
1500 B.C.) Through the 16th Century A.D.
Restricted archaeological material from Cambodia includes the
categories listed below. The following list is representative only.
I. Stone
This category consists largely of materials made of sandstone,
including many color shades (grey to greenish to black, pink to red and
violet, and some yellowish tones) and varying granulosity. Due to
oxidation and iron content, the stone surface can become hard and take
on a different color than the stone core. These surface colors range
from yellowish to brownish to different shades of grey. This dense
surface can be polished. Some statues and reliefs are coated with a
kind of clear shellac or lacquer of different colors (black, red, gold,
yellow, brown). The surface of sandstone pieces can also however be
quite rough. Chipped surfaces can be white in color. In the absence of
any systematic technical analysis of ancient Khmer stonework, no exact
description of other stone types can be provided. It is clear however
that other types of stone were also used (some volcanic rock, rhyolite,
and schist, etc.), but these are nonetheless exceptional. Some quartz
objects are also known. Precious and semi-precious stones were also
used as applied decor or in jewelry settings.
Different types of stone degradation can be noted. Eroded surfaces
result from sanding (loss of surface grains), contour scaling
(detachment of surface plaques along contour lines), flaking, and
exfoliation. The stone can also split along sedimentation layers.
Chipping or fragmentation of sculpted stone is also common.
Stone objects included here come under several periods: Bronze Age
(c. 1500 B.C.-500 B.C.), Iron Age (c. 500 B.C.-550 A.D.), pre-Angkorian
(6th-9th c.), Angkorian (9th-14th c.), and post-Angkorian (14th-16th
c.). Many stone objects can be firmly assigned to one of these periods;
some, notably architectural elements and statues, can be further
assigned a specific style and a more precise date within the given
period.
A. Sculpture
1. Architectural Elements
Stone was used for religious architecture in the pre-Angkorian and
Angkorian periods. The majority of ancient Khmer temples were built
almost entirely in stone. Even for those temples built primarily in
brick, numerous decorative elements in stone were also employed. Only
small portions of early post-Angkorian edifices were built in stone.
The architectural elements that follow are therefore characteristic of
pre-Angkorian and Angkorian times. The state of the material varies
greatly, some objects being well preserved, others severely eroded or
fragmented. The sculpture of some pieces remains unfinished.
a. Pediments. Pediments are large decorative stone fixtures placed
above temple doorways. They are triangular in shape and composed of two
or more separate blocks that are fitted together and sculpted with
decorative motifs. The ensemble can range from approximately 1-3 meters
in width and 1-3 meters in height. Motifs include floral scrolls,
medallions, human figures, and animals. A whole scene from a well-known
story can also be represented.
b. Lintels. Lintels are rectangular monoliths placed directly above
temple entrance gates or doorways, below the pediments described above.
They are decorated with motifs similar to those of pediments. They can
reach up to nearly
[[Page 54311]]
one meter in height and one and one half meters in width.
c. False doors. Three of the four doorways of a temple sanctuary
are frequently ``false doors''; that is, though they are sculpted to
look like doors, they do not open. They bear graphic and floral motifs,
sometimes integrating human and animal figures. These doors can reach
up to more than two meters in height and more than one meter in width.
They can be monolithic or composed of separate blocks fitted together.
d. Columnettes. Columnettes are decorative columns placed on either
side of a temple door entrance. They can be sculpted in deep relief out
of a temple doorway and therefore remain attached to the doorway on
their back side. The earliest columnettes are round and sculpted with
bands which themselves are sculpted with decorative motifs. Later in
the Angkorian period, the columnettes are octagonal in shape and bear
more complex and abundant sculpted decor on the concentric bands. This
decor includes graphic designs (pearls, diamond shapes, flowers, etc.)
repeated at regular intervals along the length of the column. The base
of the column is square and is also sculpted with diverse motifs and
figures. The columnettes can reach around 25 cm. in diameter and more
than two meters in height.
e. Pilasters. Pilasters are decorative rectangular supports
projecting partially from the wall on either side of a temple doorway.
They are treated architecturally as columns with base, shaft, and
capital. Motifs include floral scrolls and graphic designs of pearls,
diamond shapes, etc., as well as human or animal figures. They range in
width from approximately 20-30 cm. and can reach a height of more than
two meters.
f. Antefixes. Antefixes are decorative elements placed around the
exterior of each level of temple tower. They are small free-standing
sculptures and can take multiple forms, including but not limited to
graphic designs, animal figures, human figures in niches, and miniature
models of temples.
g. Balustrade finials. Long balustrades in the form of mythical
serpents are found in many Angkorian temples. Often, these line either
side of the entrance causeways to temples. The ends of the balustrade
take the form of the serpent's multiple cobra-like heads.
h. Wall reliefs. Much of the surface area of most temples is
sculpted with decorative reliefs. This decor includes graphic designs
and floral motifs as well as human or animal figures. The figures can
range in size from just a few centimeters to more than one meter in
height. They can be integrated into the decor or set off in niches.
Narrative scenes can also be represented.
i. Other decorative items. Other decorative items include wall
spikes, roof tile finials, sculpted steps, and other architectural
decorations.
2. Free-Standing Sculpture
The pre-Angkorian and Angkorian periods are characterized by
extensive production of statuary in stone. Some stone statuary was also
produced during the post-Angkorian period. This statuary is relatively
diverse, including human figures ranging from less than one half meter
to nearly three meters in height, as well as animal figures. Some
figures, representations of Indian gods, have multiple arms and heads.
Figures can be represented alone or in groups of two or three. When
male and female figures are presented together as an ensemble, the
female figures are disproportionately smaller than their male
counterparts. Some are part-human, part-animal. Figures can be
standing, sitting, or riding animal mounts. Many figures are
represented wearing crowns or special headdresses and holding
attributes such as a baton or a conch shell. Clothing and sometimes
jewelry are sculpted into the body. Though statues are generally
monolithic, later post-Angkorian statues of Buddha can have separate
arms sculpted in wood and attached to the stone body. Many statues were
once lacquered in black, dark brown, red, or gold colors and retain
lacquer traces. Some yellow lacquer is also found.
a. Human and hybrid (part-human, part-animal) figures. Examples
include statues of the eight-armed god and the four-armed god,
representations of Buddha in various attitudes or stances, and female
and male figures or deities, including parts (heads, hands, crowns, or
decorative elements) of statuary and groups of figures.
b. Animal figures. Examples include bulls, elephants, lions, and
small mammals such as squirrels.
c. Votive objects. A number of more abstract sculptures were also
the object of religious representation from pre-Angkorian to post-
Angkorian times. Examples include ritual phallic symbols and sculpted
footprints of Buddha.
d. Pedestals. Pedestals for statues can be square, rectangular, or
round. They vary greatly in size and can be decorated with graphic and
floral decor, as well as animal or human figures. They are usually made
of numerous components fitted together, including a base and a top
section into which the statue is set.
e. Foundation deposit stones. Sacred deposits were placed under
statues, as well as under temple foundations and in temple roof vaults,
from pre-Angkorian to post-Angkorian times. Marks on these stones
indicate sacred configurations, which could contain deposits such as
gold or precious stones.
3. Stelae
a. Sculpted stelae. Free-standing stelae, sculpted with shallow or
deep reliefs, served as objects of worship and sometimes as boundary
stones from pre-Angkorian to post-Angkorian times. Examples include
stelae with relief images of gods and goddesses, Buddhas, figures in
niches, and other symbols.
b. Inscriptions. Texts recording temple foundations or other
information were inscribed on stone stelae from pre-Angkorian to post-
Angkorian times. Such texts can also be found on temple doorjambs,
pillars, and walls. The stelae are found in a number of different
shapes and sizes and can also bear decorative reliefs, for example a
bull seated on a lotus flower.
4. Sculpture in Brick
Brick was used mainly in pre-Angkorian and some relatively early
Angkorian religious architecture. Yet, typically, while the bodies of
buildings were in brick, some of the decorative elements listed above-
pediments, lintels, etc.-were in stone. The brick, of light orange
color, was usually sculpted with a preliminary relief, which was then
covered over with white stucco, itself sculpted along brick contours.
Some brick reliefs seem however to have been fully sculpted and not
meant to be covered in stucco. Brick temple reliefs include graphic
design, as well as floral or animal decor. Human and animal figures can
also be represented.
B. Jewelry
In the Bronze and Iron Ages, beads were made from semi-precious
stones such as agate and carnelian. Agate beads are banded stone, black
to light brown to white in their bands. These are usually carved into
tubular shapes. Carnelian beads are reddish orange and glassy. These
are usually ball-shaped. Bronze and Iron Age stone bracelets have
triangular or rectangular cross-sections.
C. Chipped and Ground Tools
During the Bronze and Iron Ages, chipped and ground tools such as
adzes, whetstones, and arrowheads were made of metamorphic rock.
II. Metal
This category consists mainly of bronze objects. No singular alloy
is characteristic of Cambodian bronzes, which contain varying degrees
of
[[Page 54312]]
copper, zinc, lead, and iron. Surface colors can range from dark to
light brown to goldish; a green patina is found on many objects. Some
bronzes are also gilt. Some artwork in silver and gold also survives
but is much less common.
Most objects were cast with the ``lost wax'' technique, by which a
mold of the object is built around a full or hollow wax model; the wax
is then melted out with hot metal, which then hardens in the mold.
Because the mold must be destroyed to obtain the metal object, each
casting is unique. Decor can be chiseled into the finished metal
surface. As early as the Bronze and Iron Ages, objects demonstrate a
very high degree of technical skill. The ``repousse'' technique, by
which metal is beaten into shape in a concave mold, was also used.
Most of the objects presented here can be assigned to one of the
periods defined for stone objects above: Bronze Age (c. 1500 B.C.-500
B.C.), Iron Age (c. 500 B.C.-550 A.D.), pre-Angkorian (6th-9th c.),
Angkorian (9th-14th c.), and post-Angkorian (14th-16th c.). Some
pieces, in particular statuary and ritual or domestic accessories with
motifs akin to architectural decor in stone, can also be assigned to
specific styles and corresponding time periods within the larger
historical periods.
A. Statues and Statuettes
Khmer metal statuary is comparable to Khmer stone statuary in both
thematic and stylistic treatment. (See general description of free-
standing sculpture above.) Statues can be represented alone or in
groups ranging from human figures on animal mounts to triads, to more
complex ensembles including architectural structures and decor. Though
some colossal statues are known in both pre-Angkorian and Angkorian
times, metal statues are, generally, relatively smaller in scale than
their stone counterparts. Colossal statues can reach more than two
meters in height; fragments demonstrate that one reclining figure
measured some six meters in length. Such colossal pieces are
nonetheless rare.
Statuettes as small around as 15 cm. are common; larger statues
more typically reach around one meter in height. Small-scale statues
are generally composed of a single cast; separate pieces however can be
placed together, for example on a single pedestal, to form an ensemble.
Larger works can be composed of multiple pieces fitted together with
joints which can be concealed by chiseled decor. Only some small
statuettes are solid. Others are composed of two plaques, one for the
front of the piece and the other for the back; the plaques are filled
with a resin-or tar-based substance and soldered together. Larger
pieces are hollow. It should be noted that the Bayon period (late 12th-
early 13th c.) has left more bronze statuary than any other period.
Post-Angkorian bronze statues and statuettes, like their stone
counterparts, take on certain characteristics of Siamese sculpture but
can nonetheless usually be identified as Khmer due to certain types of
decor and bodily form which maintain or develop on a specific Angkorian
tradition.
1. Human and Hybrid (Part-human, Part-animal) Figures. Examples
include standing male figures, Buddhas, four-armed male figures, female
figures, gods, and goddesses, all in various attitudes and dress,
including fragments of sculpture such as hands, arms, and heads.
2. Animal Figures. Animal representations in bronze resemble those
in stone in both thematic and stylistic treatment. Statues and
statuettes include primarily bulls, lions, and elephants with one or
three trunks. Other animals, such as horses, are also represented but
are less common. The only colossal animal images known date to the late
12th-early 13th c. Other animal figures, such as the mythical
multiheaded serpent and mythical birds and monkeys, are also frequently
found as decor of ritual or domestic objects.
3. Pedestals. Pedestals in bronze often appear to be simplified and
reduced versions of their stone counterparts. One innovation of
sculpting the base in openwork is to be noted.
B. Other Ritual and Domestic Objects
1. Special Objects Used in Ritual. Special ritual objects include
bells, conch shells, and musical instruments such as tambourines, etc.
2. Containers. Ritual and domestic containers include such items as
perfume holders, oil lamps or bowls, and boxes with decorative or
sculptural features.
3. Decorative Elements from Ritual or Domestic Objects. In addition
to the decorative accessory items noted below, there exist insignia
finials for banner poles which often take the form of small human or
animal figures.
4. Jewelry. Jewelry, including but not limited to rings, bracelets,
arm bands, necklaces, and belts, could have been worn not only by
people but also by statues. Bronze and Iron Age bracelets may be
decorated with scrolls, spirals, and the heads of buffalo/cows.
Different types of rings can be noted: Ring-stamps, rings with
ornamental settings, rings with settings in the form of a bull or other
animal, and rings with settings for stones.
5. Musical Instruments. Diverse percussion instruments, including
varying sizes of bells, drums, gongs, and cymbals, were made in bronze.
These may carry geometric designs and/or images of humans and animals.
6. Animal Fittings. In addition to bells to be suspended around the
necks of animals, common to both the Angkorian and the post-Angkorian
periods, various kinds of decorative animal harness accessories are
known in post-Angkorian times.
C. Architectural Elements
Metal architectural elements include ceiling or wall plaques
sculpted with flowers or other motifs, floral plaques, and panels.
D. Weapons and Tools
Metal weapons and tools include arrow heads, daggers, spear tips,
swords, helmets, axes, adzes, chisels, spoons, and sickles.
III. Ceramics
Bronze and Iron Age ceramics are primarily earthenwares with
varying colors and surface treatments. Later ceramics include both
glazed and unglazed stonewares. Stonewares, and particularly glazed
wares, are characteristic of the Angkorian period (9th-14th c.). Khmer
ceramics production primarily concerned functional vessels (vases,
pots, etc.) but also included sculpture of figurines and architectural
or other decorative elements. Angkorian period vessels were generally
turned on a wheel and fired in kilns. Vessels range in size from around
five to at least 70 cm. in height. Glaze colors are fairly limited and
include creamy white, pale green (color of Chinese tea), straw-yellow,
reddish-brown, brown, olive, and black. Light colors are generally
glossy, while darker colors can be glossy or matte. Some two-colored
wares, primarily combining pale green and brown, are also known.
Decoration is relatively subtle, limited to incisions of graphic
designs (criss-crosses, striations, waves, etc.), some sculpted decor
such as lotus petal shapes, and molding (ridges, grooves, etc.); some
applied work is also seen. Most decoration is found on shoulders and
necks, as on lids; footed vessels are typically beveled at the base.
Many wasters (imperfect pieces) are found and are also subject to
illicit trade.
A. Sculpture
Ceramic sculpture known to have been produced in Cambodia proper
largely concerns architectural elements.
[[Page 54313]]
Though some figurines are known and are of notable refinement, statuary
and reliefs in ceramics seem to be more characteristic of provincial
production.
1. Architectural Elements. Some pre-Angkorian, Angkorian, and post-
Angkorian period buildings, primarily but not exclusively royal or
upper-class habitation, were roofed with ceramic tiles. The tiles
include undecorated flat tiles and convex and concave pieces fitted
together; a sculpted tile was placed as a decor at the end of each row
of tiles. These pieces were produced in molds and can be unglazed or
glazed. The unglazed pieces are orange in color; the glazed pieces are
creamy white to pale green. Spikes placed at the crest of roof vaults
can also be made in ceramics. These spikes were fit into a cylinder,
also made of ceramics, which was itself fitted into the roof vault.
Architectural ceramics sometimes have human heads and anthropomorphic
or zoomorphic features.
2. Figurines and Ritual Objects. Figurines, statuettes, or plaques
can include human, hybrid (part-human, part-animal), and animal
figures. These are typically small in size (around 10 cm.). Ritual
objects found in Cambodia proper are limited primarily to pieces in the
shape of a conch shell, used for pouring sacral water or as blowing
horns.
B. Vessels
1. Lidded Containers. Examples include round lidded boxes with
incised or sculpted decoration, bulbous vases with lids, and jars with
conical multi-tiered lids. Lids themselves include conical shapes and
convex lids with knobs.
2. Lenticular Pots. Pots of depressed globular form are commonly
referred to as lenticular pots. The mouth of the vessel is closed with
a stopper.
3. Animal-shaped Pots. The depressed globular form can take animal
shapes, with applied animal head, tail, or other body parts that can
serve as handles. The animal-shaped pot is also found in other forms.
Animal-shaped pots often contain remains of white lime, a substance
used in betel nut chewing. Shapes include bulls, elephants, birds,
horses, and other four-legged creatures.
4. Human-shaped Pots. Anthropomorphic vessels often have some
applied and incised decoration representing human appendages, features,
or clothing. The vessels are usually gourd-shaped bottles.
5. Bottles. This category includes a number of different kinds of
vessels with raised mouths.
6. Vases. A number of different types of vases are grouped together
under this general heading. Some are flat based and bulbous or conical.
Others have pedestal feet. Some are characterized by their elongated
necks. The ``baluster vases,'' for which Khmer ceramics are
particularly known, have pedestal feet, conical bodies, relatively long
necks, and flared mouths.
7. Spouted Pots. These are vessels, usually in the ``baluster
vase'' form, that have short pouring spouts attached to the shoulder.
Some spouted pots also have ring handles on the opposite shoulder.
8. Large Jars. Large barrel-shaped jars or vats have flat bases,
wide mouths, short necks, and flattened everted rims. They are always
iron glazed.
9. Bowls. Bowls with broad, flat bases and flaring walls that are
either straight or slightly concave, ending in plain everted or
incurving rims, usually have green or yellowish glaze, although some
brown-glazed bowls are known. Some are decorated with incised lines
just below the rim. Most have deep flanges above the base; some are
plain. Small hemispherical cups on button bases bear brown glaze.
Another form is the bowl on a pedestal foot.
IV. Glass
Bronze and Iron Age glass beads are usually very small (1-2 mm
across) and come in a range of colors from blue, green, red and white.
Other artifacts made of glass include spiral earrings and triangular
bangle bracelets. The bracelets are light to dark green or blue-green
and translucent.
V. Bone
Bone (and sometimes ivory or horn) beads, bangles, pendants, and
combs are found at Bronze and Iron Age sites.
More information on import restrictions can be obtained from the
International Cultural Property Protection Web site (http://exchanges.state.gov/culprop). The restrictions on the importation of
these archaeological materials from Cambodia are to continue in effect
for an additional 5 years. Importation of such materials continues to
be restricted unless the conditions set forth in 19 U.S.C. 2606 and 19
CFR 12.104c are met.
Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed Effective Date
This amendment involves a foreign affairs function of the United
States and is, therefore, being made without notice or public procedure
(5 U.S.C. 553(a)(1)). For the same reason, a delayed effective date is
not required under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3).
Regulatory Flexibility Act
Because no notice of proposed rulemaking is required, the
provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do
not apply.
Executive Order 12866
Because this rule involves a foreign affairs function of the United
States, it is not subject to Executive Order 12866.
Signing Authority
This regulation is being issued in accordance with 19 CFR
0.1(a)(1).
List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12
Cultural property, Customs duties and inspection, Imports,
Prohibited merchandise.
Amendment to CBP Regulations
0
For the reasons set forth above, part 12 of Title 19 of the Code of
Federal Regulations (19 CFR part 12), is amended as set forth below:
PART 12--SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE
0
1. The general authority citation for part 12 and the specific
authority citation for
Sec. 12.104g continue to read as follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 3(i),
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 1624;
* * * * *
Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also issued under 19 U.S.C. 2612;
* * * * *
Sec. 12.104g [Amended]
0
2. In Sec. 12.104g(a), the table of the list of agreements imposing
import restrictions on described articles of cultural property of State
Parties is amended:
0
a. In the entry for Cambodia, in the column headed ``Decision No.'' by
adding ``extended by CBP Dec. 08-40'' after ``CBP Dec. 03-28'', and
0
b. In the entry for Cambodia, in the column headed ``Cultural
Property'' by removing the reference to ``Khmer Archaeological Material
from the 6th century through the 16th century A.D.'' and adding in its
place ``Archaeological Material from Cambodia from the Bronze Age
through the Khmer Era.''
Approved: September 16, 2008.
Jayson P. Ahern,
Acting Commissioner, U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Timothy E. Skud,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.
[FR Doc. E8-22034 Filed 9-18-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9111-14-P