[Federal Register: March 17, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 50)]
[Notices]
[Page 11401-11405]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr17mr09-85]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Railroad Administration
[Docket No. FRA-2000-7257; Notice No. 52]
Railroad Safety Advisory Committee; Working Group Activity Update
AGENCY: Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).
ACTION: Announcement of Railroad Safety Advisory Committee (RSAC)
Working Group Activities.
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SUMMARY: The FRA is updating its announcement of RSAC's Working Group
activities to reflect its current status.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Larry Woolverton, RSAC Coordinator,
FRA, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE.,
[[Page 11402]]
Mailstop 25, Washington, DC 20590, (202) 493-6212; or Grady Cothen,
Deputy Associate Administrator for Safety, FRA, 1200 New Jersey Avenue,
SE., Mailstop 25, Washington, DC 20590, (202) 493-6302.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This notice serves to update FRA's last
announcement of working group activities and status reports of August
29, 2008 (73 FR 51041). The 37th full RSAC Committee meeting was held
December 10, 2008, and the 38th meeting is scheduled for April 2, 2009,
at the Washington Marriott Hotel located at 1221 22nd Street, NW., in
Washington, DC.
Since its first meeting in April of 1996, the RSAC has accepted 30
tasks. The status for each of the open tasks (neither completed nor
terminated) is provided below:
Open Tasks
Task 96-4--Tourist and Historic Railroads. Reviewing the
appropriateness of the agency's current policy regarding the
applicability of existing and proposed regulations to tourist,
excursion, scenic, and historic railroads. This Task was accepted on
April 2, 1996, and a Working Group was established. The Working Group
monitored the steam locomotive regulation task. Planned future
activities involve the review of other regulations for possible
adaptation to the safety needs of tourist and historic railroads.
Contact: Grady Cothen, (202) 493-6302.
Task 03-01--Passenger Safety. This task includes updating and
enhancing the regulations pertaining to passenger safety, based on
research and experience. This Task was accepted on May 20, 2003, and a
Working Group was established. Prior to embarking on substantive
discussions of a specific task, the Working Group set forth in writing
a specific description of the task. The Working Group reports planned
activities to the full Committee at each scheduled full RSAC meeting,
including milestones for completion of projects and progress toward
completion. At the first meeting, held September 9-10, 2003, a
consolidated list of issues was completed. At the second meeting, held
November 6-7, 2003, four task groups were established: Emergency
Preparedness; Mechanical; Crashworthiness; and Track/Vehicle
Interaction. The task forces met and reported on activities for Working
Group consideration at the third meeting, held May 11-12, 2004, and a
fourth meeting was held October 26-27, 2004. The Working Group met on
March 21-22, 2006, and again on September 12-13, 2006, at which time
the group agreed to establish a task force on General Passenger Safety.
The full Passenger Safety Working Group met on April 17-18, 2007,
December 11-12, 2007, and November 13, 2008. The next meeting is to be
scheduled in June 2009. Contact: Charles Bielitz, (202) 493-6314.
(Emergency Preparedness Task Force) At the Working Group meeting of
March 9-10, 2005, the Working Group received and approved the consensus
report of the Emergency Preparedness Task Force related to emergency
communication, emergency egress and rescue access. These
recommendations were presented to and approved by the full RSAC
Committee on May 18, 2005. The Working Group met on September 7-8,
2005, and additional, supplementary recommendations were presented to
and accepted by the full RSAC on October 11, 2005. The Notice of
Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) was published on August 24, 2006, (71 FR
50275) and was open for comment until October 23, 2006. The Working
Group agreed upon recommendations for the final rule, including
resolution of final comments received, during the April 17-18, 2007,
meeting. The recommendations were presented to and approved by the full
RSAC on June 26, 2007. The Passenger Train Emergency Systems final
rule, focusing on emergency communication, emergency egress, and rescue
access, was published on February 1, 2008 (73 FR 6370). The Task Force
met on October 17-18, 2007, and reached consensus on draft rule text
for a followup NPRM on Passenger Train Emergency Systems, focusing on
low-location emergency exit path marking, emergency lighting, and
emergence signage. The Task Force presented the draft rule text to the
Passenger Safety Working Group on December 11-12, 2007, and the
consensus draft rule text was presented to and approved by full RSAC
vote during the February 20, 2008, meeting. At its most recent meeting,
held May 13-14, 2008, the Task Force recommended clarifying the
applicability of backup emergency communication system requirements in
the February 1, 2008, final rule, and FRA announced its intention to
exercise limited enforcement discretion for a new provision amending
instruction requirements for emergency window exit removal. The Working
Group ratified these recommendations on June 19, 2008. No additional
Task Force meetings are currently scheduled. Contact: Brenda Moscoso,
(202) 493-6282.
(Mechanical Task Force) (Completed) Initial recommendations on
mechanical issues (revisions to Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) Part 238) were approved by the full Committee on January 26,
2005. At the Working Group meeting of September 7-8, 2005, the Task
Force presented additional perfecting amendments and the full RSAC
approved them on October 11, 2005. An NPRM was published in the Federal
Register on December 8, 2005, (70 FR 73070). Public comments were due
by February 17, 2006. The final rule was published in the Federal
Register on October 19, 2006, (71 FR 61835) effective December 18,
2006.
(Crashworthiness Task Force) Among its efforts, the Crashworthiness
Task Force provided consensus recommendations on static end strength
that were adopted by the Working Group on September 7-8, 2005. The full
Committee accepted the recommendations on October 11, 2005. The Front-
End Strength of Cab Cars and Multiple-Unit Locomotives NPRM was
published in the Federal Register on August 1, 2007, (72 FR 42016) with
comments due by October 1, 2007. A number of comments were entered into
the docket, and a Crashworthiness Task Force meeting was held September
9, 2008, to resolve comments on the NPRM. Based on the consensus
language agreed to at the meeting, FRA has prepared the text of the
final rule incorporating the resolutions made at the Task Force meeting
and the final rule language was adopted at the Passenger Safety Working
Group meeting, held on November 13, 2008. The language was presented
and approved at the December 10, 2008, full RSAC meeting and the rule
will go forward with a target publication date of April 2009. Contact:
Gary Fairbanks, (202) 493-6322.
(Vehicle/Track Interaction Task Force) The Task Force is developing
proposed revisions to 49 CFR parts 213 and 238 principally regarding
high-speed passenger service. The Task Force met on October 9-11, 2007,
and again on November 19-20, 2007, in Washington, DC and presented the
final Task Force Report and final recommendations and proposed rule
text for approval by the Passenger Safety Working Group at the December
11-12, 2007, meeting. The final report and the proposed rule text were
approved by the Working Group and was presented to and approved by full
RSAC vote during the February 20, 2008, meeting. The group last met on
February 27-28, 2008, and FRA is currently crafting an NPRM with a
target publication date of September 2009. No additional Task Force
meetings are currently scheduled. Contact: John Mardente, (202) 493-
1335.
[[Page 11403]]
(General Passenger Safety Task Force) At the Passenger Safety
Working Group meeting on April 17-18, 2007, the Task Force presented a
progress report to the Working Group. The Task Force met on July 18-19,
2007, and afterwards, it reported proposed reporting cause codes for
injuries involving the platform gap, which were approved by the Working
Group by mail ballot in September 2007. The full RSAC approved the
recommendations for changes to 49 CFR part 225 accident/incident cause
codes on October 25, 2007. The Task Force continues work on passenger
train door securement, ``second train in station,'' trespasser
incidents, and System-Safety based solutions by developing a regulatory
approach to System Safety. The General Passenger Safety Task Force
presented draft guidance material for management of the gap that was
considered and approved by the Working Group during the December 11-12,
2007, meeting and was presented to and approved by full RSAC vote
during the February 20, 2008, meeting. The group met April 23-24, 2008,
and December 3-4, 2008. The next meeting is scheduled for April 21-23,
2009. Contact: Dan Knote, (631) 567-1596.
Task 05-01--Review of Roadway Worker Protection (RWP) Issues. This
Task was accepted on January 26, 2005, to review 49 CFR part 214,
subpart C, Roadway Worker Protection, and related sections of Subpart
A; recommend consideration of specific actions to advance the on-track
safety of railroad employees and contractors engaged in maintenance-of-
way activities throughout the general system of railroad
transportation, including clarification of existing requirements. A
Working Group was established and reported to the RSAC any specific
actions identified as appropriate. The first meeting of the Working
Group was held on April 12-14, 2005. The group drafted and accepted
regulatory language for various revisions, clarifications, and
additions to 32 separate items in 19 sections of the rule. However, two
parties raised technical concerns regarding the draft language
concerning electronic display of track authorities. The Working Group
reported recommendations to the full Committee at the June 26, 2007,
meeting. The FRA, through the NPRM process, is to address this issue
along with eight additional items on which the Working Group was unable
to reach a consensus. Comments were received and were considered during
the drafting of the NPRM. In early 2008, the external working group
members were solicited to review the consensus text for errata review.
In order to address the heightened concerns raised with the current
regulations for adjacent-track on-track safety, an NPRM was published
on July 17, 2008, that focused on this element of the RWP rule alone.
As this was an NPRM, FRA sought comment on the entire proposal,
including those portions that FRA sought to clarify. However, on August
13, 2008, the NPRM was withdrawn to permit further consideration of the
RSAC-reported consensus language. FRA has decided to separately issue a
second proposed rule on adjacent track protection, which will be
handled on an accelerated basis. The second NPRM concerning adjacent
controlled track safety is under final review and is expected to be
published by mid-year 2009. The remaining larger NPRM for the various
revisions, clarifications, and additions to 31 separate items in 19
sections of the rule and FRA's recommendations for the eight non-
consensus items is planned for late 2009. Contact: Christopher Schulte,
(610) 521-8201.
Task 05-02--Reduce Human Factor-Caused Train Accident/Incidents.
This Task was accepted on May 18, 2005, to reduce the number of human
factor-caused train accidents/incidents and related employee injuries.
The Railroad Operating Rules Working Group was formed and the Group
extensively reviewed the issues presented. The final Working Group
meeting devoted to developing a proposed rule was held February 8-9,
2006. The Working Group was not able to deliver a consensus regulatory
proposal, but did recommend that it be used to review comments on FRA's
NPRM, which was published in the Federal Register on October 12, 2006,
(FR 71 60372) with public comments due by December 11, 2006. Two
reviews were held, one on February 8-9, 2007, the other on April 4-5,
2007. Consensus was reached on four items and those items were
presented and accepted by the full RSAC Committee at the June 26, 2007,
meeting. A final rule was published in the Federal Register on February
13, 2008 (73 FR 8442) with an effective date of April 14, 2008. FRA
received four petitions for reconsideration of that final rule. The
final rule that responded to the petitions for consideration was
published in the Federal Register on June 16, 2008, and concluded the
rulemaking. Working group meetings were held September 27-28, 2007,
January 17-18, 2008, May 21-22, 2008, and September 25-26, 2008. The
Working Group has considered issues related to issuance of Emergency
Order No. 26 (prohibition on use of certain electronic devices while on
duty) and ``after arrival mandatory directives,'' among other issues.
The working group continues to work on After Arrival Orders and at the
September 25, 2008, meeting voted to create a Highway-Rail Grade
Crossing Task Force to review highway-rail grade crossing accident
reports regarding incidents of crossing warning systems providing
``short or no warning'' resulting from or contributed to ``by train
operational issues'' with the intent to recommend new accident/incident
reporting codes that would better explain such events, and which may
provide information for remedial action going forward. A follow-on task
is to review and provide recommendations regarding supplementary
reporting of train operations-related, no-warning or short-warning
incidents that are not technically warning system activation failures
but which result in an accident/incident or a near miss. The Task Force
has been formed and is scheduled to meet in the May/June 2009
timeframe. Contact: Douglas Taylor, (202) 493-6255.
Task 06-01--Locomotive Safety Standards. This task was accepted on
February 22, 2006, to review 49 CFR Part 229, Railroad Locomotive
Safety Standards, and revise as appropriate. A Working Group was
established with the mandate to report any planned activity to the full
Committee at each scheduled full RSAC meeting, to include milestones
for completion of projects and progress toward completion. The first
Working Group meeting was held May 8-10, 2006. Working Group meetings
were held on August 8-9, 2006, September 25-26, 2006, and October 30-
31, 2006, and the Working Group presented recommendations regarding
revisions to requirements for locomotive sanders to the full RSAC on
September 21, 2006. The NPRM regarding sanders was published in the
Federal Register on March 6, 2007 (72 FR 9904). Comments received were
discussed by the Working Group for clarification, and FRA published a
final rule on October 19, 2007 (72 FR 59216). The Working Group is
continuing the review of Part 229 with work in the areas of locomotive
cab temperature standards, alerters, remote control locomotives, and
critical locomotive electronics with a view to proposing further
revisions to update the standards. The Working Group met on January 9-
10, 2007, November 27-28, 2007, February 5-6, 2008, May 20-21, 2008,
August 5-6, 2008, October 22-23, 2008, and January 6-7, 2009. The next
meeting is scheduled for April 15-
[[Page 11404]]
16, 2009. Contact: George Scerbo, (202) 493-6249.
Task 06-02--Track Safety Standards and Continuous Welded Rail
(CWR). Section 9005 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (Pub. L. 109-59), the
2005 Surface Transportation Authorization Act, requires FRA to issue
requirements for inspection of joint bars in CWR to detect cracks that
could affect the integrity of the track structure (49 U.S.C. 20142(e)).
FRA published an interim final rule (IFR) establishing new requirements
for inspections on November 2, 2005 (70 FR 66288). On October 11, 2005,
FRA offered the RSAC a task to review comments on this IFR, but the
conditions could not be established under which the Committee could
have undertaken this with a view toward consensus. Comments on the IFR
were received through December 19, 2005. FRA reviewed the comments, and
on February 22, 2006, the RSAC accepted this task to review and revise
the CWR related to provisions of the Track Safety Standards, with
particular emphasis on reduction of derailments and consequent injuries
and damage caused by defective conditions, including joint failures, in
track using CWR. A Working Group was established, and the first Working
Group meeting was held April 3-4, 2006, at which time the Working Group
reviewed comments on the IFR. The second Working Group meeting was held
April 26-28, 2006. The Working Group also met May 24-25, 2006, and July
19-20, 2006. The Working Group reported consensus recommendations for
the final rule that were accepted by the full RSAC Committee by mail
ballot on August 11, 2006. The final rule was published in the Federal
Register on October 11, 2006 (71 FR 59677). The Working Group continued
review of Section 213.119 with a view to proposing further revisions to
update the standards. The Working Group met January 30-31, 2007, April
10-11, 2007, June 27-28, 2007, August 15-16, 2007, October 23-24, 2007,
and January, 8-9, 2008. The Working Group reported consensus
recommendations for revisions to Section 213.119 regulations to the
full RSAC Committee on February 20, 2008, and the recommendations were
accepted. FRA published an NPRM on December 1, 2008, and is preparing a
final rule with a target publication date of April 2009. See task 07-01
and 08-03, below. Contact: Ken Rusk, (202) 493-6236.
Task 06-03--Medical Standards for Safety-Critical Personnel. This
task was accepted on September 21, 2006, to enhance the safety of
persons in the railroad operating environment and the public by
establishing standards and procedures for determining the medical
fitness for duty of personnel engaged in safety-critical functions. A
Working Group has been established and will report any planned activity
to the full Committee at each scheduled full RSAC meeting, including
milestones for completion of projects and progress toward completion.
The first Working Group meeting was held December 12-13, 2006. The
Working Group has held follow-on meetings on the following dates:
February 20-21, 2007, July 24-25, 2007, August 29-30, 2007, October 31-
November 1, 2007, December 4-5, 2007, February 13-14, 2008, March 26-
27, 2008, and April 22-23, 2008. At the latest meeting, FRA announced
that the agency would prepare an NPRM draft based on the discussions to
date and schedule a further meeting for review of the document. The
draft NPRM is currently in FRA coordination and the language is being
revised based on comments. The draft NPRM will be presented to the RSAC
Medical Standards Working Group when completed. A Doctors Task Force,
established by the Working Group in May 2007, is proceeding to develop
accompanying medical guidelines which will be used to provide
consistent criteria for determining the medical fitness for duty of the
safety-critical positions. These guidelines will be presented for
Working Group consideration when complete. When accepted by the Medical
Standards Working Group, the two parts of the rulemaking will be
presented to the full RSAC for approval. The target date for publishing
the NPRM is May, 2009. The Task Force of Physicians has had meetings or
conference calls on July 24, 2007, August 20, 2007, October 15, 2007,
October 31, 2007, June 23-24, 2008, September 8-10, 2008, October 8,
2008, November 12-13, 2008, December 8-10, 2008, January 27-28, 2009,
and February 24-25, 2009. The next meeting of the Task Force is
scheduled for March 11-12, 2009. Contact: Dr. Bernard Arseneau, (202)
493-6002.
Task 07-01--Track Safety Standards. This task was accepted on
February 22, 2007, to consider specific improvements to the Track
Safety Standards or other responsive actions, supplementing work
already underway on continuous welded rail (CWR) specifically to:
review controls applied to reuse of rail in CWR ``plug rail''; review
the issue of cracks emanating from bond wire attachments; consider
improvements in the Track Safety Standards related to fastening of rail
to concrete ties; and ensure a common understanding within the
regulated community concerning requirements for internal rail flaw
inspections. The tasks were assigned to the Track Safety Standards
Working Group. The Working Group will report any planned activity to
the full Committee at each scheduled full RSAC meeting, including
milestones for completion of projects and progress toward completion.
The first Working Group meeting was held on June 27-28, 2007, and the
group met again on August 15-16, 2007, and October 23-24, 2007. Two
Task Forces were created under the Working Group: The Concrete Ties and
Rail Integrity Task Forces. The Concrete Ties Task force met on
November 26-27, 2007, February 13-14, 2008, April 16-17, 2008, July 9-
10, 2008, and September 17-18, 2008. The Concrete Ties Task Force
finalized consensus language regarding concrete crossties (49 CFR Part
213) and presented a recommendation to the Track Standards Working
Group at the November 20, 2008, Working Group meeting. The language was
approved by both the Working Group and the December 10, 2008, RSAC
meeting and the Task Force was dissolved. FRA is preparing an NPRM with
a target publication date of April, 2009. Contact: Ken Rusk, (202) 493-
6236.
Task 08-03--Track Safety Standards Rail Integrity. This task was
accepted on September 10, 2008, to consider specific improvements to
the Track Safety Standards or other responsive actions designed to
enhance rail integrity. The Rail Integrity Task Force was created in
October 2007 under Task 07-01 and first met on November 28-29, 2007.
The Task Force met on February 12-13, 2008, April 15-16, 2008, July 8-
9, 2008, September 16-17, 2008, and February 3-4, 2009. Consensus has
been achieved on bond wires and a common understanding on internal rail
flaw inspections has been reached; however, more work remains before a
recommendation for possible regulatory action is made. The next Rail
Integrity Task Force meeting is scheduled for June 16-17, 2009.
Contact: Ken Rusk, (202) 493-6236.
Task No. 08-04--Positive Train Control (PTC). This task was
accepted on December 10, 2008, to provide advice regarding development
of implementing regulations for PTC systems and their deployment under
the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (RSIA, Pub. L. 110-432). The
task included a requirement to convene an initial meeting not later
than January 2009 and to report recommendations back to the RSAC no
later than April 24, 2009. The PTC Working Group was
[[Page 11405]]
created in December 2008 by Working Group member nominations from
Committee member organizations under Task 08-04, and the kickoff
meeting was held on January 26-27, 2009. The group met again on
February 11-13, 2009, and February 25-27, 2009. The next meeting is
scheduled for March 17-19, 2009. Contact: Grady Cothen, (202) 493-6302.
Task No. 08-05--Railroad Bridge Safety Assurance. This task was
accepted on December 10, 2008, to develop a draft rule encompassing the
requirements of Section 417, of the RSIA (Division A), Railroad Bridge
Safety Assurance. This Section directs the Secretary of Transportation
to promulgate regulations, not later than 12 months after the October
16, 2008, date of enactment, requiring owners of track carried on one
or more railroad bridges to adopt a bridge safety management program to
reduce the risk of human casualties, environmental damage, and
disruption to the Nation's railroad transportation system that would
result from a catastrophic bridge failure. The Railroad Bridge Working
Group created under Task 08-01 was directed to reconvene and the
kickoff meeting was held January 28-29, 2009. The working group also
met on February 23-24, 2009, where they reached agreement on consensus
language covering all but two issues that remain to be resolved pending
comments on the NPRM. The group will present the draft language to the
full committee at the April 2, 2009, meeting. Contact: Gordon Davids,
(202) 230-6320.
Task No. 08-06--Hours of Service Recordkeeping and Reporting. This
task was accepted on December 10, 2008, to develop revised
recordkeeping and reporting requirements for hours of service of
railroad employees. The Hours of Service Working Group was formed in
January 2009 by member nominations from committee member organizations
and the first meeting was held on January 22-23, 2009. The working
group met again on February 4-6, 2009, and February 18-20, 2009, and is
scheduled to meet for the final time on March 23-25, 2009. Contact:
Mark McKeon, (202) 493-6350.
Task No. 08-07--Conductor Certification. This task was accepted on
December 10, 2008, to develop regulations for certification of railroad
conductors, as required by the RSIA, and to consider any appropriate
related amendments to existing regulations and report recommendations
for the proposed or interim final rule (as determined by FRA in
consultation with the Office of the Secretary of Transportation and the
Office of Management and Budget) by October 16, 2009. The Conductor
Certification Working Group will be officially formed at a later date
by nominations from member organizations and work will begin as time
and schedules will permit in 2009 after other Congressional RSAC
priorities are met.
Completed Tasks
Task 96-1--(Completed) Revising the Freight Power Brake
Regulations.
Task 96-2--(Completed) Reviewing and recommending revisions to the
Track Safety Standards (49 CFR Part 213).
Task 96-3--(Completed) Reviewing and recommending revisions to the
Radio Standards and Procedures (49 CFR Part 220).
Task 96-5--(Completed) Reviewing and recommending revisions to
Steam Locomotive Inspection Standards (49 CFR Part 230).
Task 96-6--(Completed) Reviewing and recommending revisions to
miscellaneous aspects of the regulations addressing Locomotive Engineer
Certification (49 CFR Part 240).
Task 96-7--(Completed) Developing Roadway Maintenance Machines (On-
Track Equipment) Safety Standards.
Task 96-8--(Completed) This Planning Task evaluated the need for
action responsive to recommendations contained in a report to Congress
entitled, Locomotive Crashworthiness & Working Conditions.
Task 97-1--(Completed) Developing crashworthiness specifications
(49 CFR Part 229) to promote the integrity of the locomotive cab in
accidents resulting from collisions.
Task 97-2--(Completed) Evaluating the extent to which
environmental, sanitary, and other working conditions in locomotive
cabs affect the crew's health and the safe operation of locomotives,
proposing standards where appropriate.
Task 97-3--(Completed) Developing event recorder data survivability
standards.
Task 97-4 and Task 97-5--(Completed) Defining Positive Train
Control (PTC) functionalities, describing available technologies,
evaluating costs and benefits of potential systems, and considering
implementation opportunities and challenges, including demonstration
and deployment.
Task 97-6--(Completed) Revising various regulations to address the
safety implications of processor-based signal and train control
technologies, including communications-based operating systems.
Task 97-7--(Completed) Determining damages qualifying an event as a
reportable train accident.
Task 00-1--(Task withdrawn) Determining the need to amend
regulations protecting persons who work on, under, or between rolling
equipment and persons applying, removing or inspecting rear end marking
devices (Blue Signal Protection).
Task 01-1--(Completed) Developing conformity of FRA's regulations
for accident/incident reporting (49 CFR Part 225) to revised
regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA), U.S. Department of Labor, and to make appropriate revisions to
the FRA Guide for Preparing Accident/Incident Reports (Reporting
Guide).
Task 08-01--(Completed) Report on the Nation's Railroad Bridges.
Please refer to the notice published in the Federal Register on
March 11, 1996, (61 FR 9740) for more information about the RSAC.
Issued in Washington, DC, on March 11, 2009.
Grady C. Cothen, Jr.,
Deputy Associate Administrator for Safety Standards and Program
Development.
[FR Doc. E9-5676 Filed 3-16-09; 8:45 am]
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