[Federal Register Volume 75, Number 231 (Thursday, December 2, 2010)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 75290-75334]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2010-29756]
[[Page 75289]]
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Part III
Department of Energy
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10 CFR Part 430
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for
Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Conventional Cooking
Products (Standby Mode and Off Mode); Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 75 , No. 231 / Thursday, December 2, 2010 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 75290]]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. EERE-2010-BT-TP-0039]
RIN: 1904-AC27
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test
Procedures for Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Conventional
Cooking Products (Standby Mode and Off Mode)
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking and announcement of public
meeting.
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SUMMARY: In order to implement recent amendments to the Energy Policy
and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) proposes to amend its test procedures for residential
dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products (which
include cooktops, ovens, and ranges) to provide for measurement of
standby mode and off mode energy use by these products. The proposed
amendments would incorporate into the DOE test procedures relevant
provisions from the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC)
Standard 62301, ``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of
standby power,'' First Edition 2005-06 (IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition)). DOE also proposes to adopt definitions of various modes of
operation based on the relevant provisions from the IEC Standard 62301
``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power,''
Second Edition Final Draft International Standard (IEC Standard 62301
(FDIS)). In addition, DOE proposes to adopt language to clarify
application of these test procedure provisions for measuring standby
mode and off mode power consumption in dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products. Furthermore, the proposed amendments
would add new calculations to determine annual energy consumption
associated with the standby mode and off mode measured power. Finally,
the amendments would modify existing energy consumption equations to
integrate standby mode and off mode energy consumption into the
calculation of overall annual energy consumption and annual operating
cost of those products which already have definitions for such measures
(dishwashers and conventional cooking products). DOE is also announcing
a public meeting to discuss and receive comments on the issues
presented in this notice.
DATES: Meeting: DOE will hold a public meeting on Friday, December 17,
2010, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., in Washington, DC. DOE must receive
requests to speak at the public meeting before 4 p.m., Friday, December
3, 2010. DOE must receive a signed original and an electronic copy of
statements to be given at the public meeting before 4 p.m., Friday,
December 10, 2010.
Comments: DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding
the notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) before and after the public
meeting, but no later than February 15, 2011. For details, see section
V, ``Public Participation,'' of this NOPR.
ADDRESSES: The public meeting will be held at the U.S. Department of
Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 8E-089, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW.,
Washington, DC 20585-0121. To attend the public meeting, please notify
Ms. Brenda Edwards at (202) 586-2945. (Please note that foreign
nationals visiting DOE Headquarters are subject to advance security
screening procedures. Any foreign national wishing to participate in
the meeting should advise DOE as soon as possible by contacting Ms.
Edwards to initiate the necessary procedures.)
Any comments submitted must identify the NOPR on Test Procedures
for Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Conventional Cooking
Products, and provide the docket number EERE-2010-BT-TP-0039 and/or
Regulatory Information Number (RIN) 1904-AC27. Comments may be
submitted using any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow
the instructions for submitting comments.
2. E-mail: [email protected].
Include docket number EERE-2010-BT-TP-0039 and/or RIN 1904-AC27 in the
subject line of the message.
3. Postal Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J, 1000 Independence
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Please submit one signed paper
original.
4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of
Energy, Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Suite
600, Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit one
signed paper original.
For detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process, see section V, ``Public
Participation,'' of this document.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, visit the U.S. Department of Energy, Resource Room
of the Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Suite
600, Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Please call Ms. Brenda
Edwards at the above telephone number for additional information about
visiting the Resource Room.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Wesley Anderson, Jr., U.S.
Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington,
DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-7335. E-mail:
[email protected].
Mr. Eric Stas, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General
Counsel, GC-71, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-
0121. Telephone: (202) 586-9507. E-mail: [email protected].
For information on how to submit or review public comments and on
how to participate in the public meeting, contact Ms. Brenda Edwards,
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, Building Technologies Program, EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue,
SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. E-mail:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Background and Authority
II. Summary of the Proposal
III. Discussion
A. Products Covered by the Proposed Test Procedure Amendments
B. Incorporation by Reference of IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition) for Measuring Standby Mode and Off Mode Power Consumption
C. Determination and Classification of Operational Modes
D. Specifications for the Test Methods and Measurements for
Standby Mode and Off Mode Testing
1. Dishwashers
2. Dehumidifiers
3. Conventional Cooking Products
E. Calculation of Energy Use Associated With Standby Mode and
Off Mode
1. Dishwashers
2. Dehumidifiers
3. Conventional Cooking Products
a. Conventional Ovens
b. Conventional Cooktops
c. Conventional Ranges
F. Measures of Energy Consumption
[[Page 75291]]
1. Dishwashers
2. Dehumidifiers
3. Conventional Cooking Products
G. Compliance With Other EPCA Requirements
1. Test Burden
2. Potential Incorporation of IEC Standard 62087
3. Integration of Standby Mode and Off Mode Energy Consumption
Into Existing Efficiency Metrics
H. Impact of the Proposed Amendments on EnergyGuide and ENERGY
STAR
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
V. Public Participation
A. Attendance at the Public Meeting
B. Procedure for Submitting Requests To Speak
C. Conduct of the Public Meeting
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
1. Incorporation of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition)
2. Operational Mode Definitions
3. Dishwasher Standby and Off Modes
4. Dehumidifier Standby and Off Modes
5. Conventional Cooking Products Standby and Off Modes
6. Network Mode
7. Default Settings
8. Test Room Ambient Temperature
9. Test Period
10. Energy Use Calculation for Standby Mode and Off Mode
11. New Integrated Measures of Energy Consumption and Energy
Efficiency
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Background and Authority
Title III, Part B of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975
(EPCA), Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309, as codified),
established the ``Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products
Other Than Automobiles,'' a program covering most major household
appliances, including residential dishwashers, conventional cooking
products, and dehumidifiers,\1\ the subjects of today's notice.\2\ (42
U.S.C. 6292(a)(6) and (10); 6295(cc)) Under the Act,\3\ this program
consists essentially of three parts: (1) Testing; (2) labeling; and (3)
Federal energy conservation standards.
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\1\ The term ``conventional cooking products,'' as used in this
notice, refers to residential electric and gas kitchen ovens,
ranges, and cooktops (other than microwave ovens).
\2\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was re-designated as Part A.
\3\ All references to EPCA refer to the statute as amended,
including through the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007,
Public Law 110-140.
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Manufacturers of covered products must use DOE test procedures,
prescribed under EPCA, to certify that their products comply with the
energy conservation standards adopted under EPCA and to represent the
energy consumption or energy efficiency of their products. (42 U.S.C.
6293(c); 42 U.S.C. 6295(s)) DOE must also use DOE test procedures in
any enforcement action to determine whether covered products comply
with these energy conservation standards. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)) Criteria
and procedures for DOE's adoption and amendment of such test
procedures, as set forth in EPCA, require that test procedures be
reasonably designed to produce test results which measure energy
efficiency, energy use, or estimated annual operating cost of a covered
product during a representative average use cycle or period of use.
Test procedures must also not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))
If DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is warranted, it
must publish proposed test procedures and offer the public an
opportunity to present oral and written comments on them. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(2)) In any rulemaking to amend a test procedure, DOE must
determine to what extent, if any, the proposed test procedure would
alter the measured energy efficiency of any covered product as
determined under the existing test procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1)) If
DOE determines that the amended test procedure would alter the measured
efficiency of a covered product, DOE must amend the applicable energy
conservation standard accordingly. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2))
Dishwashers
DOE's test procedure for dishwashers is found in the Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR) at 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix C.
DOE originally established its test procedure for dishwashers in 1977.
42 FR 39964 (August 8, 1977). Since that time, the dishwasher test
procedure has undergone a number of amendments, as discussed below. In
1983, DOE amended the test procedure to revise the representative
average-use cycles to more accurately reflect consumer use and to
address dishwashers that use 120 [deg]F inlet water. 48 FR 9202 (March
3, 1983). DOE amended the test procedure again in 1984 to redefine the
term ``water heating dishwasher.'' 49 FR 46533 (Nov. 27, 1984). In
1987, DOE amended the test procedure to address models that use 50
[deg]F inlet water. 52 FR 47549 (Dec. 15, 1987). In 2001, DOE revised
the test procedure's testing specifications to improve testing
repeatability, changed the definitions of ``compact dishwasher'' and
``standard dishwasher,'' and reduced the average number of use cycles
per year from 322 to 264. 66 FR 65091, 65095-97 (Dec. 18, 2001). In
2003, DOE again revised the test procedure to more accurately measure
dishwasher efficiency, energy use, and water use. The 2003 dishwasher
test procedure amendments included the following revisions: (1) The
addition of a method to rate the efficiency of soil-sensing products;
(2) the addition of a method to measure standby power; and (3) a
reduction in the average-use cycles per year from 264 to 215. 68 FR
51887, 51899-903 (August 29, 2003). The current version of the test
procedure includes provisions for determining estimated annual energy
use (EAEU), estimated annual operating cost (EAOC), energy factor (EF)
expressed in cycles per kilowatt-hour (kWh), and water consumption
expressed in gallons per cycle. (10 CFR 430.23(c))
The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA),
Public Law 100-12, amended EPCA to establish prescriptive standards for
dishwashers, requiring that dishwashers manufactured on or after
January 1, 1988, be equipped with an option to dry without heat. (42
U.S.C. 6295(g)(1)) These EPCA amendments also mandated that DOE must
conduct two rounds of rulemaking to determine whether the energy
conservation standards for dishwashers should be amended. (42 U.S.C.
6295(g)(4)) On May 14, 1991, DOE issued a final rule establishing the
first set of performance standards for dishwashers. 56 FR 22250. The
final rule required that dishwashers manufactured on or after May 14,
1994, must have a minimum EF of 0.46 cycles per kWh for standard size,
and 0.62 cycles per kWh for compact size. Id. at 22279; 10 CFR
430.32(f)(1).
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007\4\ (EISA 2007)
further amended EPCA, in relevant part by establishing the following
energy conservation standards for residential dishwashers manufactured
on or after January 1, 2010: (1) For standard size
[[Page 75292]]
dishwashers, a maximum annual energy use of 355 kWh per year, and a
maximum water consumption of 6.5 gallons per cycle; and (2) for compact
dishwashers, a maximum annual energy use of 260 kWh per year, and a
maximum water consumption of 4.5 gallons per cycle. (42 U.S.C.
6295(g)(10)(A); 10 CFR 430.32(f)(2)) The amendments also specify that
not later than January 1, 2015, the Secretary shall publish a final
rule determining whether to amend the standards for dishwashers
manufactured on or after January 1, 2018. (42 U.S.C. 6295(g)(10)(B))
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\4\ Public Law. 110-140 (enacted Dec. 19, 2007).
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Dehumidifiers
The DOE test procedure for dehumidifiers is found at 10 CFR 430,
subpart B, appendix X. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005),
Public Law 109-58, amended EPCA to specify that the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) test criteria used under the ENERGY
STAR[supreg] \5\ program must serve as the basis for the
test procedure for dehumidifiers. (EPACT 2005, section 135(b); 42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(13)) The ENERGY STAR test criteria require that American
National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers (AHAM) Standard DH-1-2003, ``Dehumidifiers,'' be used to
measure energy use and that the Canadian Standards Association (CAN/
CSA) standard CAN/CSA-C749-1994 (R2005), ``Performance of
Dehumidifiers,'' be used to calculate EF. DOE has adopted these test
criteria, along with related definitions and tolerances, as its test
procedure for dehumidifiers. 71 FR 71340, 71347, 71366-68 (Dec. 8,
2006). The DOE test procedure provides methods for determining the EF
for dehumidifiers, which is expressed in liters (l) of water condensed
per kWh.
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\5\ For more information on the ENERGY STAR program, see: http://www.energystar.gov.
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Section 135(c)(4) of EPACT 2005 added dehumidifiers as products
covered under EPCA and established standards effective for
dehumidifiers manufactured on or after October 1, 2007. (42 U.S.C.
6295(cc)(1)) Section 311 of EISA 2007 further amended EPCA to revise
the energy conservation standards for dehumidifiers, establishing the
following minimum EFs based on product capacity for dehumidifiers
manufactured on or after October 1, 2012:
Table I.1--October 2012 Dehumidifier Energy Conservation Standards *
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Minimum EF
Product capacity (pints/day) (liters/kWh)
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Up to 35.00........................................... 1.35
35.01-45.00........................................... 1.50
45.01-54.00........................................... 1.60
54.01-75.00........................................... 1.70
75.00 or more......................................... 2.5
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* (42 U.S.C. 6295(cc)(2)).
Conventional Cooking Products
DOE's test procedures for conventional ranges, cooktops, and ovens
(including microwave ovens) are found at 10 CFR 430, subpart B,
appendix I. DOE first established the test procedures included in
appendix I in a final rule published in the Federal Register on May 10,
1978. 43 FR 20108, 20120-28. DOE revised its test procedure for cooking
products to more accurately measure their efficiency and energy use,
and published the revisions as a final rule in 1997. 62 FR 51976 (Oct.
3, 1997). These test procedure amendments included: (1) A reduction in
the annual useful cooking energy; (2) a reduction in the number of
self-cleaning oven cycles per year; and (3) incorporation of portions
of IEC Standard 705-1988, ``Methods for measuring the performance of
microwave ovens for household and similar purposes,'' and Amendment 2-
1993 for the testing of microwave ovens. Id. The test procedure for
conventional cooking products establishes provisions for determining
EAOC, cooking efficiency (defined as the ratio of cooking energy output
to cooking energy input), and EF (defined as the ratio of annual useful
cooking energy output to total annual energy input). (10 CFR 430.23(i);
10 CFR part 430 subpart B, appendix I) These provisions for
conventional cooking products are not currently used for compliance
with any energy conservation standards (because those standards
currently involve design requirements), nor is there an EnergyGuide \6\
labeling program for cooking products.
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\6\ For more information on the EnergyGuide labeling program,
see: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_00/16cfr305_00.html.
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DOE has initiated a separate test procedure rulemaking to address
standby mode and off mode power consumption for microwave ovens. This
rulemaking was initiated separately in response to comments from
interested parties on the advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANOPR)
for an earlier rulemaking concerning energy conservation standards for
dishwashers, dehumidifiers, cooking products, and commercial clothes
washers published on November 15, 2007 (hereafter referred to as the
November 2007 ANOPR) (72 FR 64432), prior to the enactment of EISA
2007. As discussed in the October 2008 test procedure NOPR, interested
parties stated generally that DOE should amend the test procedures for
all types of cooking products to allow for measurement of standby mode
energy use in order to implement a standby power energy conservation
standard. 73 FR 62034, 62043-44 (Oct. 17, 2008). However, DOE did not
receive any specific data or inputs on standby power consumption in
conventional cooking products. Also, at that time, interested parties
did not submit any comments regarding DOE addressing new measures of
standby mode and off mode energy use in the test procedures or energy
conservation standards for the other products that were the subject of
the November 2007 ANOPR (i.e., dishwashers and dehumidifiers.) Because
DOE agreed with the comments supporting new measures of standby mode
and off mode energy use for microwave ovens and the potential for early
adoption of an energy conservation standard for microwave ovens
addressing standby mode and off mode energy consumption, DOE published
a NOPR proposing amendments to just the microwave oven test procedure
for standby mode and off mode in the Federal Register on October 17,
2008. 73 FR 62134. DOE subsequently published a supplemental notice of
proposed rulemaking (SNOPR) in the Federal Register on this topic on
July 22, 2010. 75 FR 42612. Consequently, DOE is proposing amendments
to its cooking products test procedure for only conventional cooking
products in today's NOPR.
As with dishwashers, NAECA amended EPCA to establish prescriptive
standards for cooking products. The NAECA amendments required gas
ranges and ovens with an electrical supply cord manufactured on or
after January 1, 1990, not to be equipped with a constant-burning pilot
light. (42 U.S.C. 6295(h)(1)) Subsequently, DOE published a final rule
in the Federal Register on April 8, 2009, amending the energy
conservation standard for cooking products to require for products
manufactured on or after April 9, 2012, that gas cooking products
without an electrical supply cord shall not be equipped with a constant
burning pilot light. 74 FR 16040, 16094.
[[Page 75293]]
Standby Mode and Off Mode
Section 310 of EISA 2007 amended EPCA to require DOE to amend the
test procedures for covered products to address standby mode and off
mode energy consumption. Specifically, the amendments also require DOE
to integrate standby mode and off mode energy consumption into the
overall energy efficiency, energy consumption, or other energy
descriptor for that product unless the current test procedures already
fully account for such consumption. If integration is technically
infeasible, DOE must prescribe a separate standby mode and off mode
energy use test procedure, if technically feasible. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A)) Any such amendment must consider the most current
versions of IEC Standards 62301, ``Household electrical appliances--
Measurement of standby power,'' and IEC Standard 62087, ``Methods of
measurement for the power consumption of audio, video, and related
equipment.'' Id. For residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products (and microwave ovens), DOE must prescribe
any such amendment to the test procedures by final rule no later than
March 31, 2011. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(B)(vi)) Furthermore, EISA 2007
also amended EPCA to direct DOE to incorporate standby mode and off
mode energy use into any final rule establishing or revising an energy
conservation standard for a covered product adopted after July 1, 2010.
If it is not feasible to incorporate standby mode and off mode into a
single amended or new standard, then the statute requires DOE to
prescribe a separate standard to address standby mode and off mode
energy consumption. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(3))
DOE notes that the IEC is in the process of developing a revised
version of IEC Standard 62301, which was expected to be released by
July 2009. This revision is expected to be significantly delayed until
late 2010 at the earliest. In order to publish a final rule by March
31, 2011, DOE is proceeding with an amended test procedure based on the
current version of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). However, DOE is
also considering the updated mode of operation definitions in the
latest draft version of IEC Standard 62301, IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS).
Although not formally adopted, DOE is evaluating the substance of those
definitions, which are expected to be included in the final revised IEC
Standard 62301 (Second Edition).
DOE acknowledges that the current dishwasher test procedure already
includes definitions and testing methods for measuring standby mode
power consumption similar to the IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition)
provisions, but it does not include definitions and testing methods for
measuring multiple standby modes and off mode power consumption.
However, in today's NOPR, for the reasons discussed in section III.B,
DOE proposes amendments to the current dishwasher test procedure in
order to fully account for standby mode and off mode power consumption.
These amendments would take into consideration the most current
versions of IEC Standards 62301 and 62087.
The current DOE dehumidifier test procedure does not address energy
use when the product is in standby mode and off mode. For this reason,
in today's NOPR, DOE is proposing amendments to its dehumidifier test
procedure to provide for the measurement of standby mode and off mode
energy consumption.
The current DOE conventional cooking products test procedure does
not fully account for standby mode and off mode energy consumption.
However, DOE notes that the test procedures, as currently drafted, do
account for standby energy use in narrow cases. The DOE conventional
cooking products test procedures include provisions for determining the
annual energy consumption of a continuously-operating clock, as well as
the standby energy use associated with a continuously-burning pilot
light for gas cooking products. Otherwise, the test procedure does not
address energy use in standby mode or off mode. For this reason, in
today's NOPR, DOE proposes amendments to the conventional cooking
products test procedures to fully account for standby mode and off mode
power consumption.
II. Summary of the Proposal
In today's NOPR, DOE proposes to amend the test procedures for
dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products in order
to:
(1) Provide a foundation for DOE to develop and implement standards
that address use of standby mode and off mode power by these products;
and
(2) Address the statutory requirement to expand test procedures to
incorporate measures of standby mode and off mode power consumption.
In general, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference into the test
procedures for these products specific provisions from IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition) regarding test conditions and test procedures for
measuring standby mode and off mode power consumption, and to include
language that would clarify the application of such provisions. DOE
also proposes to incorporate into each test procedure the definitions
of ``active mode,'' ``standby mode,'' and ``off mode'' that are based
on the definitions for those terms provided in IEC Standard 62301
(FDIS). Further, DOE proposes to include in each test procedure
additional language that would clarify the application of clauses from
IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) for measuring standby mode and off
mode power consumption.\7\
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\7\ EISA 2007 directs DOE to also consider IEC Standard 62087
when amending its test procedure to include standby mode and off
mode energy consumption. See 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A). However, IEC
Standard 62087 addresses the methods of measuring the power
consumption of audio, video, and related equipment. As explained
subsequently in this notice, the narrow scope of this particular IEC
standard reduces its relevance to today's proposal.
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As an initial matter, DOE had to analyze a number of product-
specific modes in order to determine whether they should be
characterized as active mode, standby mode, or off mode functions. As
discussed in further detail below, this rulemaking is limited to
addressing standby mode and off mode. Based upon the results of its
analyses, DOE is proposing the following product-specific amendments to
the applicable DOE test procedures. For dishwashers, DOE is proposing
definitions for the following different standby modes: (1) A general
``inactive'' mode; and (2) a ``cycle finished'' mode. For
dehumidifiers, DOE is proposing definitions for the following different
standby modes: (1) a general ``inactive'' mode; (2) an ``off-cycle''
mode; and (3) a ``bucket full/removed'' mode. For conventional cooking
products, DOE is also proposing definitions for the following different
standby modes: (1) A general ``inactive'' mode; and (2) a ``cycle
finished'' mode. For each product, energy use in each standby mode, as
well as energy use in the off mode, would be separately tested under
the appropriate procedure and incorporated into an integrated energy
efficiency metric for that product.
The current DOE dishwasher test procedure already includes
provisions for measuring standby power and includes it in the EAEU and
EAOC calculations. However, as discussed earlier, DOE is proposing
amendments to the dishwasher test procedure, pursuant to EPCA, to fully
and more accurately account for standby mode and off mode power
consumption based on provisions in IEC Standard 62301. As a result, DOE
is proposing revisions to the EAEU and EAOC calculations to
[[Page 75294]]
incorporate the revised measurements of standby mode and off mode power
consumption into the combined metrics for dishwashers.
For dehumidifiers, DOE is proposing in today's NOPR to:
(1) Establish a new measure of energy use to calculate the annual
standby mode and off mode energy use in dehumidifiers, based on the
typical hours dehumidifiers spend in these modes; and
(2) Adopt a new measure of energy efficiency (integrated energy
factor (IEF)) that includes energy used in standby, off, and active
modes for dehumidifiers.
For conventional cooking products, the current DOE test procedure
accounts for energy used by a constant clock display (if present),
which is considered as part of standby mode under the proposed
definition of ``standby mode.'' The current test procedure also
accounts for standby mode energy use of a continuously-burning pilot
light for gas conventional cooking products.\8\ However, DOE proposes
in today's NOPR to amend the test procedure for conventional cooking
products to fully account for all additional standby mode and off mode
power consumption, as specified by provisions in IEC Standard 62301.
DOE proposes in today's NOPR to: (1) Establish a new measure of energy
use to calculate the annual standby mode and off mode energy
consumption in conventional cooking products, and (2) adopt new
measures of energy efficiency (IEF), annual energy consumption, and
annual operating cost that include the energy used in all standby mode
and off mode operations of conventional cooking products. In addition,
DOE proposes additional clarifications to the testing methods for
conventional cooking products to define the test duration for cases in
which the measured power is not stable (i.e., varies over a cycle). DOE
acknowledges that the power consumption of conventional cooking product
displays can vary based on the clock time being displayed, so today's
proposal is drafted in a way to account for this fact, while still
generating representative results.
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\8\ DOE notes that it published a final rule in the Federal
Register on April 8, 2009, establishing standards that prohibit
continuously-burning pilot lights for gas cooking products
manufactured on or after April 9, 2012. 74 FR 16040, 16094.
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The statute also has other provisions regarding the inclusion of
standby mode and off mode energy use in any energy conservation
standard which have bearing on the current test procedure rulemaking.
EPCA provides that amendments to the test procedures to include standby
mode and off mode energy consumption shall not be used to determine
compliance with product standards established prior to the adoption of
the amended test procedures. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(C)) However, EPCA
requires that DOE must determine to what extent, if any, the proposed
test procedure would alter the measured energy efficiency, measured
energy use, or measured water use of any covered product as determined
under the existing test procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1)) If DOE
determines that the amended test procedure would alter the measured
efficiency or measured energy use of a covered product, DOE must amend
the applicable energy conservation standard during the rulemaking
carried out with respect to the amended test procedure. In determining
the amended energy conservation standard, the Secretary shall measure,
pursuant to the amended test procedure, the energy efficiency, energy
use, or water use of a representative sample of covered products that
minimally comply with the existing standard. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2))
Although DOE remains obligated under 42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1) to conduct an
analysis of the impact of the test procedure amendments, amendments to
the existing energy conservation standards are not required, because
the statute already explicitly provides that the test procedure
amendments for standby mode and off mode shall not apply to the energy
conservation standards currently in place. The following discussion
assesses these anticipated impacts, as well as the pathway for
regulated entities to continue to be able to ascertain, certify, and
report compliance with the existing standards until such time as
amended standards are established which comprehensively address standby
mode and off mode energy consumption.
For dishwashers, the current energy conservation standards (10 CFR
430.32(f)) are based on EAEU, which includes a simplified measure of
standby mode power consumption. Because today's proposed amendments
would revise the calculations for EAEU and EAOC, both of which
currently incorporate standby mode power, DOE investigated how the
proposed amendments would affect the measured efficiency. As discussed
in section III.G, DOE has tentatively determined that the proposed
amendments in today's NOPR would not measurably alter the measured
efficiency of dishwashers. In addition, the proposed amendments would
clarify that the amended calculations for EAEU need not be performed to
demonstrate compliance with the existing energy conservation standards
until the compliance date of amended energy conservation standards for
dishwashers which take into account standby mode and off mode energy
use. The proposed amendments would also require that any
representations as to standby mode and off mode energy use must use the
amended calculations for EAEU and EAOC on or after a date 180 days
after publication of the test procedure final rule. The amended test
procedure, therefore, would still be able to be used by manufacturers
to certify compliance of existing dishwashers with the current energy
conservation standards.
The current Federal energy conservation standards for dehumidifiers
(10 CFR 430.32(v)), which are based on EF, do not currently account for
standby mode or off mode power consumption. DOE proposes to establish a
new integrated efficiency metric (integrated annual energy use) to
account for standby mode and off mode power consumption. For this
reason, the proposed amended test procedure would not alter the
existing energy efficiency descriptor and, therefore, would not affect
a manufacturer's ability to demonstrate compliance with previously
established standards for dehumidifiers.
As noted earlier, the current energy conservation standards for
cooking products (10 CFR 430.32(j)) require only that gas cooking
products with an electrical supply cord not be equipped with a
constant-burning pilot light. The same requirement applies to gas
cooking products without an electrical supply cord, beginning on April
9, 2012. There are currently no performance-based Federal energy
conservation standards for conventional cooking products (including
energy use in standby mode and off mode). Thus, given the design
standard currently in place, the proposed test procedure amendments
would not alter one's ability to comply with the existing energy
conservation standard for cooking products.
These amended test procedures would become effective in terms of
adoption into the CFR, 30 days after the test procedure final rule is
published in the Federal Register. However, DOE is proposing added
language to the regulations codified in the CFR that would state that
any added procedures and calculations for standby mode and off mode
energy consumption resulting from implementation of the relevant
provisions of EISA 2007 need not be performed at this time to determine
compliance with the current energy conservation standards.
Subsequently, manufacturers would be required to use
[[Page 75295]]
the amended test procedures' standby mode and off mode provisions to
demonstrate compliance with DOE's energy conservation standards on the
mandatory compliance date of a final rule establishing amended energy
conservation standards for dishwasher, dehumidifier, and conventional
cooking products that address standby mode and off mode energy
consumption, at which time the limiting statements in the DOE test
procedures would be removed. Further clarification would also be
provided that as of 180 days after publication of a test procedure
final rule, any representations related to the standby mode and off
mode energy consumption of these products must be based upon results
generated under the applicable provision of these test procedures. (42
U.S.C. 6293(c)(2))
As noted above, pursuant to its statutory mandate under 42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2), DOE is only addressing issues related to standby mode and
off mode energy use in the current test procedure rulemaking for
residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking
products. For issues that are determined to relate to active mode
energy use for any of these products, DOE will consider such amendments
in a future test procedure rulemaking under section 302 of EISA 2007.
Specifically, under that provision, DOE is required to review test
procedures for covered products not later than every 7 years and to
determine whether the test procedures accurately and fully comply with
the requirement that they produce test results which are representative
and not unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1))
III. Discussion
A. Products Covered by the Proposed Test Procedure Amendments
Today's proposed amendments to the DOE test procedures cover
dishwashers, which DOE defines as follows:
``Dishwasher means a cabinet-like appliance which with the aid
of water and detergent, washes, rinses, and dries (when a drying
process is included) dishware, glassware, eating utensils, and most
cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical and/or electrical means and
discharges to the plumbing drainage system.'' 10 CFR 430.2.
Today's proposed amendments to the DOE test procedures also cover
dehumidifiers, which DOE defines as follows:
``Dehumidifier means a self-contained, electrically operated,
and mechanically refrigerated encased assembly consisting of--
(1) A refrigerated surface (evaporator) that condenses moisture
from the atmosphere;
(2) A refrigerating system, including an electric motor;
(3) An air-circulating fan; and
(4) Means for collecting or disposing of the condensate.''
Id.
Today's proposed amendments to the DOE test procedures also cover
cooking products, specifically conventional cooking products, which are
defined as:
``Cooking products means consumer products that are used as the
major household cooking appliances. They are designed to cook or
heat different types of food by one or more of the following sources
of heat: Gas, electricity, or microwave energy. Each product may
consist of a horizontal cooking top containing one or more surface
units and/or one or more heating compartments. They must be one of
the following classes: Conventional ranges, conventional cooking
tops, conventional ovens, microwave ovens, microwave/conventional
ranges and other cooking products.''
* * * * *
``Conventional cooking top means a class of kitchen ranges and
ovens which is a household cooking appliance consisting of a
horizontal surface containing one or more surface units which
include either a gas flame or electric resistance heating.''
``Conventional oven means a class of kitchen ranges and ovens
which is a household cooking appliance consisting of one or more
compartments intended for the cooking or heating of food by means of
either a gas flame or electric resistance heating. It does not
include portable or countertop ovens which use electric resistance
heating for the cooking or heating of food and are designed for an
electrical supply of approximately 120 volts.''
``Conventional range means a class of kitchen ranges and ovens
which is a household cooking appliance consisting of a conventional
cooking top and one or more conventional ovens.''
Id.
DOE is not proposing any amendments to these definitions in today's
notice.
B. Incorporation by Reference of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) for
Measuring Standby Mode and Off Mode Power Consumption
As required by EPCA, as amended by EISA 2007, DOE considered the
most current versions of IEC Standard 62301 and IEC Standard 62087 for
measuring power consumption in standby mode and off mode when
developing today's proposed amendments to the test procedures. (42
U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) DOE notes that IEC Standard 62301 includes
provisions for measuring standby power in electrical appliances, and,
thus, is relevant to this rulemaking. DOE also reviewed IEC Standard
62087, which specifies methods of measuring the power consumption of TV
receivers, video cassette recorders (VCRs), set top boxes, audio
equipment, and multi-function equipment for consumer use. IEC Standard
62087 does not, however, include methods for measuring the power
consumption of electrical appliances such as dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, or conventional cooking products. Therefore, DOE has
tentatively determined that IEC Standard 62087 is unsuitable to this
rulemaking and has not included any of its provisions in today's
proposed test procedure amendments.
DOE proposes to incorporate by reference into these test procedures
specific clauses from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) for measuring
standby mode and off mode power. Specifically, two clauses provide test
conditions and test procedures for measuring the average standby mode
and average off mode power consumption. Section 4 of IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) specifies test room conditions, supply voltage
waveform, and power measurement meter tolerances, thereby ensuring
repeatable and precise measurements of standby mode and off mode power
consumption. Section 5 of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition), regarding
test procedures, specifies methods for measuring power consumption when
it is stable and unstable (i.e., varies over a representative cycle).
Specifically, DOE proposes to incorporate by reference into the DOE
test procedures for dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional
cooking products the following provisions from IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition):
[[Page 75296]]
Table I.2--Provisions From IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) Proposed
to be Incorporated by Reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section Paragraph
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. General conditions for measurements. 4.2 Test room.
4.4 Supply voltage waveform.
4.5 Power measurement accuracy.
5. Measurements........................ 5.1 General, Note 1.
5.2 Selection and preparation
of appliance or equipment.
5.3 Procedure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE notes that the current dishwasher test procedure already
includes testing methods for measuring standby power consumption that
are very similar to the provisions in IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition). However, DOE also notes that the current dishwasher test
procedure does not contain provisions for measuring multiple standby
modes or an off mode. EPCA, as amended by EISA 2007, requires DOE to
amend its test procedures for all covered products to fully account for
and incorporate standby mode and off mode energy consumption, and to
consider the most current version of IEC Standard 62301 as it does so.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) As discussed below, DOE proposes to amend
the dishwasher test procedure to include new definitions of ``standby
mode,'' ``off mode,'' and ``active mode'' based on the provisions in
IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS). DOE also analyzed the current DOE dishwasher
test procedure to determine if any other amendments would be necessary.
The analysis has led DOE to tentatively conclude that the proposed
clauses from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) presented earlier would
clarify the dishwasher testing procedure, as well as produce
representative and repeatable test results.
As discussed in Section I, the current DOE conventional cooking
products test procedure does not fully account for standby mode and off
mode energy consumption. The test procedure accounts only for the
annual energy consumption of a continuously-operating clock, and the
standby energy use associated with a continuously-burning pilot light
for gas cooking products. Otherwise, this test procedure does not
address energy use in standby mode or off mode. For this reason, DOE
has tentatively concluded that adopting the clauses from IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition) as proposed would provide for a test procedure
that would produce representative and repeatable test results that
would fully account for standby mode and off mode energy consumption.
As also discussed in section I, the current DOE dehumidifier test
procedure does not contain any provisions for measuring energy use in
standby mode or off mode. DOE has tentatively concluded that adopting
the clauses from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) as proposed would
provide for a test procedure that would produce representative and
repeatable test results that would fully account for the standby mode
and off mode energy consumption of dehumidifiers.
DOE invites comment on whether IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition)
can adequately measure standby mode and off mode power consumption for
dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products, and
whether these specific provisions should be incorporated into the test
procedures.
DOE is aware that the EPCA requirement to consider IEC Standard
62301 in developing amended test procedures to include standby mode and
off mode power consumption results in a potential conflict between the
EPCA and IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) definitions of ``standby mode.''
EPCA defines ``standby mode'' as the condition in which a product is
connected to a main power source and offers one or more of the
following user-oriented or protective functions: (1) To facilitate the
activation or deactivation of other functions (including active mode)
by remote switch (including remote control), internal sensor, or timer;
and/or (2) to provide continuous functions, including information or
status displays (including clocks) or sensor-based functions. (42
U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)(iii)) However, paragraph 3.1 of the IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition) defines ``standby mode'' as the ``lowest power
consumption mode which cannot be switched off (influenced) by the user
and that may persist for an indefinite time when an appliance is
connected to the main electricity supply and used in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.'' Finally, DOE adopted a third
definition prior to EISA 2007 for ``standby mode'' nearly identical to
that of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) in the dishwasher test
procedure, in which ``standby mode'' ``means the lowest power
consumption mode which cannot be switched off or influenced by the user
and that may persist for an indefinite time when the dishwasher is
connected to the main electricity supply and used in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.'' (10 CFR part 430, subpart B,
appendix C, section 1.14) However, DOE is free to resolve any such
conflict, because EISA 2007 specifically grants authority to amend the
statutory definitions of ``active mode,'' ``off mode,'' and ``standby
mode.'' (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(B)) DOE notes that the statute requires
consideration of the most current version of IEC Standard 62301, but it
does not require its adoption if DOE determines that another
definition(s) would be more appropriate.
Although 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A) requires that DOE consider the
most current version of IEC Standard 62301, DOE notes that the IEC is
developing an updated version of this standard, IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition). This updated version of IEC Standard 62301 is
expected to include definitions of ``off mode,'' ``network mode,'' and
``disconnected mode,'' and it would also revise the current IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) definition of ``standby mode.'' However,
the IEC anticipates that the final version of IEC Standard 62301
(Second Edition) will likely be published only in late 2010 at the
earliest. Therefore, for this proposed rule, the second edition is not
available for DOE's consideration or incorporation by reference. Thus,
IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) is the ``current version'' for
purposes of 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A).
DOE is aware that there are significant differences between IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) and IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS), which is
the latest draft version of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition). For
example, IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) clarifies certain provisions, such
as clarifying the definition of ``standby mode'' and ``off mode'' to
allow for the measurement of multiple standby power modes.
DOE has reviewed IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) and anticipates that,
once finalized, it will ultimately define the
[[Page 75297]]
various modes differently than IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS) incorporates responses to comments from multiple
national committees from member countries on several previous draft
versions, and thus, DOE believes, it provides the best available mode
definitions. Although the revised IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition)
has not yet been officially released, DOE has decided to consider the
substance of the new operational mode definitions from the draft
version IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS). DOE notes that the mode definitions
in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) are substantively similar to those in the
previous draft version (IEC Standard 62301 (CDV)), which were the
subject of extensive comments from interested parties during recent DOE
test procedure rulemakings addressing standby mode and off mode energy
use in other products (i.e., microwave ovens, clothes dryers, and room
air conditioners). In those instances, interested parties indicated
general support for adopting the mode definitions provided in IEC
Standard 62301 (CDV). Due to the effective equivalence of the mode
definitions in IEC Standard 62301 (CDV) and IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS),
DOE believes the public comment support expressed for the mode
definitions in IEC Standard 62301 (CDV) would extend to those in IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS).
DOE notes that other significant changes in the methodology were
first introduced only at the IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) stage. These
changes have not been the subject of significant public comment from
interested parties, nor has DOE had the opportunity to conduct a
thorough analysis of those provisions. Consequently, the merits of
these latest changes have not been fully vetted, as would demonstrate
that they are preferable to the existing methodological provisions in
the current version of the IEC standard. Thus, DOE is not able to
determine whether the updated methodology represents the best available
means to measure standby mode and off mode energy use, so DOE has
tentatively decided to base the proposed test procedure amendments
(other than the mode definitions previously discussed) on the
provisions of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition).
After considering the most current version of IEC Standard 62301
(i.e., the First Edition) and the draft version of IEC Standard 62301
(i.e., FDIS), DOE has tentatively concluded that the definitions of
``standby mode,'' ``off mode,'' and ``active mode'' provided in IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS) are the most useful, in that they expand upon the
EPCA mode definitions and provide additional guidance as to which
functions are associated with each mode. Therefore, DOE is proposing
definitions of ``standby mode,'' ``off mode,'' and ``active mode''
based on the definitions provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS). These
definitions are discussed in detail immediately below in section III.C.
C. Determination and Classification of Operational Modes
As stated earlier, without further clarification, regulated
parties' attempts to reconcile differences between the mode definitions
specified by EPCA and IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) could lead to
multiple interpretations. Therefore, DOE is proposing regulatory
definitions for these key terms in order to ensure consistent
application of the test procedure provisions related to standby mode
and off mode. This section first discusses these overarching
definitional changes and then follows with a product-specific analysis
of different operational modes in order to determine whether they are
active mode, standby mode, or off mode functions. DOE's proposed
approach is set forth below.
EPCA defines ``active mode'' as the condition in which an energy-
using product:
(1) Is connected to a main power source;
(2) Has been activated; and
(3) Provides one or more main functions.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)(i))
EPCA defines ``standby mode'' as the condition in which an energy-
using product:
(1) Is connected to a main power source; and
(2) Offers one or more of the following user-oriented or protective
functions:
(a) To facilitate the activation or deactivation of other functions
(including active mode) by remote switch (including remote control),
internal sensor, or timer;
(b) Continuous functions, including information or status displays
(including clocks) or sensor-based functions.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)(iii))
This definition of ``standby mode'' differs from the one provided
in IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) by permitting the inclusion of
multiple standby modes.
EPCA defines ``off mode'' as the condition in which an energy-using
product:
(1) Is connected to a main power source; and
(2) Is not providing any standby mode or active mode function.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)(ii))
DOE recognizes that the EPCA definitions for ``active mode,''
``standby mode,'' and ``off mode'' were developed to be broadly
applicable for many energy-using products. For specific products with
multiple functions, these broad definitions could lead to multiple
interpretations. Therefore, DOE proposes to amend the test procedures
to include definitions for these modes based on the definitions
provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS), with added provisions specific
to dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products. DOE's
proposed approach is discussed below.
DOE proposes to define ``active mode'' for dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products as the condition in
which the energy-using product is connected to a mains power source,
has been activated, and provides one or more main functions. DOE notes
that section 3.8 of IEC Standard 62301 (Second Edition Committee Draft
2) (IEC Standard 62301 (CD2)) provides the additional clarification
that ``delay start mode is a one off user initiated short duration
function that is associated with an active mode.'' The subsequent IEC
Standard 62301 Committee Draft for Vote (IEC Standard 62301 (CDV))
removed this clarification based on a comment from a member committee
on IEC Standard 62301 (CD2) that the clarification conflicted with the
proposed definition of ``standby mode,'' which would include
``activation of * * * active mode by * * * timer.'' However, in its
response to that comment, the IEC reiterated that delay start mode is a
one-off function of limited duration, even though it took action to
delete the clarification in IEC Standard 62301 (CDV).\9\ DOE infers
this to mean that delay start mode should, therefore, be considered
part of active mode. However, DOE notes that IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS)
classifies delay start as a secondary function and not part of active
mode. DOE continues to believe, however, that because delay start is of
limited duration and is uniquely associated with the initiation of a
main function, it should be considered part of active mode. Additional
discussion of delay start mode is provided later in this section.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ Compilation of comments on 59/523/CD: IEC 62301 Ed 2.0
``Household electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power''
(August 7, 2009) p. 6. IEC Standards are available online at http://www.iec.ch.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE also proposes the following clarifications for the range of
main
[[Page 75298]]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
functions that would be classified as active mode for each product:
Dishwashers--``Active mode'' means a mode in which the
dishwasher is performing the main function of washing, rinsing, or
drying (when a drying process is included) dishware, glassware,
eating utensils, and most cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical
and/or electrical means, or is involved in functions necessary for
these main functions, such as admitting water into the dishwasher or
pumping water out of the dishwasher.
Conventional Cooking Products--``Active mode'' means a mode in
which a conventional cooking top, conventional oven, or conventional
range is performing the main function of cooking, heating, proofing,
or holding the cooking load by means of either a gas flame or
electric resistance heating.
Dehumidifiers--``Active mode'' means a mode in which a
dehumidifier is performing the main functions of removing moisture
from ambient air by drawing moist air over a refrigerated coil using
a fan, circulating air through activation of the fan without
activation of the refrigeration system, or defrosting the
refrigerant coil.
DOE proposes to define ``standby mode'' for dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products as any mode in which
the product is connected to a mains power source and offers one or more
of the following user-oriented or protective functions which may
persist for an indefinite time: \10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ The actual language for the ``standby mode'' definition in
IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) describes ``* * * user oriented or
protective functions which usually persist'' rather than ``* * *
user oriented or protective functions which may persist for an
indefinite time.'' DOE notes, however, that section 5.1 of IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS) states that ``a mode is considered to be
persistent where the power level is constant or where there are
several power levels that occur in a regular sequence for an
indefinite period of time.'' DOE believes that the proposed
language, which was originally included in IEC Standard 62301 (CD2),
encompasses the possible scenarios foreseen by section 5.1 of IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS) without unnecessary specificity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To facilitate the activation of other modes (including
activation or deactivation of active mode) by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or timer;
Continuous functions, including information or status
displays (including clocks) or sensor-based functions.
DOE proposes the additional clarification that a timer is a
continuous clock function (which may or may not be associated with a
display) that provides regular scheduled tasks (e.g., switching) and
that operates on a continuous basis. As noted in section III.B, this
definition of ``standby mode'' is based on the definitions provided in
IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS), and expands upon the EPCA mode definitions
to provide additional clarifications as to which functions are
associated with each mode.
As noted earlier, the current DOE dishwasher test procedure defines
``standby mode'' as the lowest power consumption mode that cannot be
switched off or influenced by the user and that may persist for an
indefinite time when the dishwasher is connected to the main
electricity supply and used in accordance with manufacturer's
instructions. That definition is comparable to the definition in IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition). DOE believes that the proposed
``standby mode'' definition based on IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) is
preferable in that it expands upon the definition in IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) and provides additional guidance as to what functions
are associated with standby mode. For this reason, DOE proposes in
today's NOPR to amend the ``standby mode'' definition in the dishwasher
test procedure based on the definition provided in IEC Standard 62301
(FDIS). Furthermore, DOE proposes to redesignate the current DOE
definition as a ``simplified standby mode'' in order to allow
manufacturers to continue to use the existing standby mode provisions
to determine compliance with the current dishwasher energy conservation
standards until such time as these standards are amended to address
standby mode and off mode energy use.
DOE proposes to define ``inactive mode'' for dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products as a standby mode that
facilitates the activation of active mode by remote switch (including
remote control), internal sensor, or timer, or that provides continuous
status display.
The following discussion analyzes various product-specific modes
for dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products to
determine whether they would be properly characterized as active mode,
standby mode, or off mode functions.
1. Dishwashers
DOE is aware of two additional relevant modes for dishwashers: (1)
delay start mode; and (2) cycle finished mode. ``Delay start mode'' is
defined as a mode in which activation of an active mode is facilitated
by a timer. ``Cycle finished mode'' is defined as a mode that provides
continuous status display following operation in active mode. As
discussed earlier, because delay start mode is not a mode that may
persist for an indefinite time, DOE believes that delay start mode
would not be considered part of standby mode, but instead would be a
form of active mode. DOE is not proposing amendments to the dishwasher
test procedure to define ``delay start mode'' or to measure power
consumption in this mode. DOE may consider amendments addressing delay
start mode issues in a future dishwasher test procedure rulemaking
conducted under the 7-year schedule requirements of the EISA 2007
amendments to EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1))
Based on the proposed ``standby mode'' definition, cycle finished
mode, a mode that provides a continuous status display and may persist
for an indefinite time, would be considered as part of a standby mode.
Therefore, DOE proposes in today's NOPR to define cycle finished mode
for dishwashers as ``a mode which provides continuous status display
following operation in active mode.'' Proposed provisions to measure
energy use in delay start mode and cycle finished mode are discussed in
section III.E.1.
2. Dehumidifiers
DOE is aware of three additional relevant modes for dehumidifiers:
(1) Delay start mode; (2) off-cycle mode; and (3) bucket full/removed
mode. The definition for ``delay start mode'' for dehumidifiers is the
same as that for dishwashers. ``Off-cycle mode'' is defined as a mode
in which a dehumidifier has cycled off its main function by humidistat
or humidity sensor, does not have its fan or blower operating, and will
reactivate the main function according to the humidistat or humidity
sensor signal. ``Bucket full/removed mode'' is defined as a mode in
which the dehumidifier has automatically powered off its main function
by detecting when the water collection bucket is full or has been
removed. For the same reasons discussed earlier for dishwashers, DOE
believes that delay start mode would not be considered a standby mode,
but instead would be a form of active mode. Therefore, DOE is not
proposing amendments to define or to measure power consumption in
``delay start mode.'' DOE may consider amendments addressing delay
start mode issues in a future dehumidifier test procedure rulemaking
conducted under the 7-year schedule requirements of the EISA 2007
amendments to EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1))
DOE believes that off-cycle mode and bucket full/removed mode are
modes that may persist for an indefinite time and, under the proposed
definition, would be considered as part of standby mode. Therefore, DOE
proposes amending its dehumidifier test procedure to include
definitions of ``off-
[[Page 75299]]
cycle mode'' and ``bucket full/removed mode.'' Proposed provisions to
measure energy use in delay start mode, off-cycle mode, and bucket
full/removed mode are discussed in section III.E.2.
3. Conventional Cooking Products
DOE is aware of three additional relevant modes for conventional
cooking products: (1) Delay start mode; (2) cycle finished mode; and
(3) Sabbath mode. ``Delay start mode'' and ``cycle finished mode'' are
defined as for dishwashers. ``Sabbath mode'' is defined as a mode in
which the automatic shutoff is overridden to allow for warming of pre-
cooked foods during such periods as the Jewish Sabbath. For the same
reasons as discussed for dishwashers and dehumidifiers, DOE believes
that delay start mode would not be considered a standby mode, but
instead would be a form of active mode. Therefore, DOE is not proposing
amendments to define or to measure power consumption in ``delay start
mode.'' In addition, DOE believes that the Sabbath mode function of
warming food would also be considered part of the active mode.
Therefore, DOE is not proposing amendments to define or to measure
power consumption in ``Sabbath mode.'' DOE may consider amendments
addressing delay start mode and Sabbath mode issues in a future cooking
products test procedure rulemaking conducted under the 7-year schedule
requirements of the EISA 2007 amendments to EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(1))
DOE believes that cycle finished mode is a mode that may persist
for an indefinite time and, under the proposed definition, would be
considered as part of standby mode. Therefore, DOE proposes to amend
its conventional cooking products test procedure to include a
definition of ``cycle finished mode.'' Proposed provisions to measure
energy use in delay start mode and cycle finished mode are discussed in
section III.E.3.
As discussed in section III.B, DOE proposes to amend the test
procedures for residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional
cooking products to define ``off mode'' as a mode in which the product
is connected to a mains power source and is not providing any active
mode or standby mode function, and where the mode may persist for an
indefinite time. An indicator that shows the user only that the product
is in the off positions is included within the classification of off
mode. As noted in section III.B, this definition of ``off mode'' is
based on the definitions provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) and is
useful in terms of expanding the scope of the EPCA mode definitions to
clarify which functions are associated with off mode.
Under the proposed definitions, a dishwasher, dehumidifier, or
conventional cooking product equipped with a mechanical on/off switch
that can disconnect power to the display and/or control components
would be considered as operating in the off mode when the switch is in
the ``off'' position, provided that no other standby mode or active
mode functions are energized. An energized light-emitting diode (LED)
or other indication that shows the user only that the product is in the
off position would be considered part of off mode under the proposed
definition, again provided that no other standby mode or active mode
functions are energized. However, if any energy is consumed by the
appliance in the presence of a one-way remote control, the unit would
be considered to be operating in standby mode because the remote
control would be used to activate or deactivate other mode(s).
Electrical leakage and any energy consumed for electrical noise
reduction, which are not specifically categorized as standby power
functions, would be indicative of off mode and would be measured by the
proposed amended test procedures.
Section 3.7 of IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) also defines ``network
mode'' as a mode category that includes ``any product modes where the
energy using product is connected to a mains power source and at least
one network function is activated (such as reactivation via network
command or network integrity communication) but where the primary
function is not active.'' Section 3.7 of IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) also
provides a note, stating that ``[w]here a network function is provided
but is not active and/or not connected to a network, then this mode is
not applicable. A network function could become active intermittently
according to a fixed schedule or in response to a network requirement.
A `network' in this context includes communication between two or more
separately independently powered devices or products. A network does
not include one or more controls which are dedicated to a single
product. Network mode may include one or more standby functions.''
DOE acknowledges that in the future, products that are the subject
of this rulemaking could incorporate a network mode for either
communication with technicians for repair and performance monitoring,
or for interaction with the electric grid. At this time, however, DOE
is unaware of any data that would enable it to determine appropriate
testing procedures and mode definitions for incorporation into test
procedures for network mode in dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products. This makes it extremely difficult to
consider evaluation of a networked unit, even in terms of categorizing
it as a standby mode or off mode function. In particular, DOE is
unaware of methods for appropriately configuring networks or methods
for collecting data about the energy use of appropriately configured
networks. DOE also has no information as to whether network connection
speed or the number and type of network connections affect power
consumption for these products. DOE also has no information as to
whether wireless network devices in such products would have different
levels of power consumption when a device is looking for a connection
versus when the network connection is established. DOE is also unaware
of how the energy consumption for dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products in a network environment may be affected
by their product design and user interaction, as well as network
interaction. These effects would need to be measured both if the
network function could become active intermittently according to a
fixed schedule or in response to a network requirement. For these
reasons, the amendments proposed in today's NOPR do not include
provisions for testing network mode energy consumption in dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products. Provisions for
testing power consumption in network mode could be incorporated into
the test procedure through future amendments once the appropriate data
and testing methodologies become available. DOE welcomes comment on
whether dishwashers, dehumidifiers, or conventional cooking products
that incorporate a networking function are currently available, and
whether definitions and testing procedures for a network mode should be
incorporated into the DOE test procedures. DOE also requests comment on
appropriate testing methodologies for measuring energy consumption in a
network mode for dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking
products, and data on the repeatability of those testing methodologies.
DOE also notes that section 3.9 of IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS)
provides a definition for ``disconnected mode,'' which is ``the state
where all connections to mains power sources of
[[Page 75300]]
the energy using product are removed or interrupted.'' IEC Standard
62301 (FDIS) also adds a note that common terms such as ``unplugged''
or ``cut off from mains'' also describe this mode and that this mode is
not part of off mode, standby mode, or network mode. DOE believes that
there would be no energy use in a disconnected mode and agrees that it
would not be part of off mode, standby mode, or network mode.
Therefore, DOE is not proposing a definition or testing method for
disconnected mode in the test procedures for residential dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, or conventional cooking products.
D. Specifications for the Test Methods and Measurements for Standby
Mode and Off Mode Testing
DOE proposes amending its test procedures to include provisions for
measuring the power consumption of dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products in all standby and off modes. This
section first discusses issues relevant to all three types of products
subject to this rulemaking, and then, it subsequently addresses issues
specific to each product type. As an initial matter, DOE would clarify
the provisions it proposes to include in the test procedures to clarify
the IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) methods when used to measure
standby mode and off mode energy use in dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products. These proposed amendments also include
provisions for measuring energy use in cycle finished mode for
dishwashers, off-cycle mode and bucket full/removed mode for
dehumidifiers, and cycle finished mode for conventional cooking
products.
For all three products, DOE is proposing a test method based on the
provisions from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). Paragraph 5.3.1 of
IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) specifies the following test method
for products in which the power varies by not more than 5 percent from
a maximum level during a period of 5 minutes: (1) Wait at least 5
minutes after selecting the mode to be measured for the product to
stabilize; and (2) measure the power consumption at the end of an
additional time period of not less than 5 minutes.
IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition), paragraph 5.3.2, contains
provisions for measuring average power in cases where the power is not
stable (i.e., the measured power varies by more than 5 percent from a
maximum level during a period of 5 minutes). Such instances can
include, for example, a clock display whose power consumption varies as
a function of the time displayed or internal electronic components
which are cycled on and off regularly. In such cases, IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition) requires a measurement period of no less than 5
minutes, or, if there is an operating cycle (defined as a regular
sequence of power states that occur over several minutes or hours), one
or more complete cycles. DOE notes these provisions do not preclude
manufacturers from testing products with a longer stabilization period,
or a longer measurement period, as long as the power does not vary by
more than 5 percent or the stabilization period represents one or more
complete cycles. DOE expects results obtained under such conditions
would be comparable to those obtained using the minimum allowable
stabilization and measurement periods.
DOE is aware that residential dishwashers and conventional cooking
products with displays may reduce power consumption by dimming after a
period of user inactivity (known as ``automatic power-down''). For
products whose power consumption in inactive mode varies in this manner
during testing, DOE proposes that the test be conducted after the power
level has dropped to its lowest level, as discussed in IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition), section 5, paragraph 5.1, Note 1. DOE believes
that products with automatic power-down spend more time in this low-
power state than in the higher-power state. Thus, the energy
consumption at the low-power level is most representative of inactive
mode power range.
DOE is aware that IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) does not
provide guidance on how long to wait for the appliance to drop to the
lower-power state. DOE tested 14 dishwashers, 13 dehumidifiers, and 41
conventional cooking products and observed that units with an automatic
power-down feature persisted in the higher-power state for less than 10
minutes of user inactivity after the display has initially been
energized. However, the test sample was small and may not be
sufficiently representative. It is possible that some dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products may remain in the
higher-power state for the duration of a 5-minute stabilization period
and subsequent 5-minute measurement period, and then drop to the lower-
power state that is more representative of inactive mode. In contrast,
IEC Standard 62301 (CDV) specifies for each testing method that the
product shall be allowed to stabilize for at least 30 minutes prior to
a measurement period of not less than 10 minutes. DOE believes this
specification would allow sufficient time for all displays that
automatically dim or power down after a period of user inactivity to
reach the lower-power state prior to measurement. DOE believes that the
IEC Standard 62301 (CDV) 30-minute stabilization and 10-minute
measurement periods provide a clearer and more consistent testing
procedure than the corresponding time periods specified in IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition). Those periods allow for representative
measurements to be made among products that may have varying time
periods before the power drops to a lower level more representative of
standby mode, off mode, or cycle finished mode.
DOE notes that IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) establishes an overall
test period of not less than 15 minutes for products in which power
consumption in the mode being tested is not cyclic. Data collected
during the first third of the total period are discarded (and, thus,
this time could be inferred to be a stabilization period), and data
from the remaining two-thirds of the total period are used to determine
whether the power is stable. If stability is not achieved, the total
period is extended continuously until the stability criteria are
achieved, to a maximum of 3 hours. Modes that are known to be non-
cyclic and of varying power consumption shall follow this same
procedure, but with a total test period not less than 60 minutes. If
power consumption in a mode is cyclic, measurements must be conducted
with an initial operation period (analogous to a stabilization period)
of at least 10 minutes, and the average power measured over at least
four complete cycles. The measurement period must be at least 20
minutes. After careful consideration, DOE has tentatively concluded
that the specifications provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS) would not
produce power consumption measurements as accurate, repeatable, and
enforceable as the specifications provided in IEC Standard 62301 (CDV).
Therefore, DOE proposes to require that dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products be allowed to stabilize for at least 30
minutes prior to a power measurement period of not less than 10
minutes. (For the reasons discussed in section III.D.3, DOE is
proposing a choice between different methodologies for the specific
case in which conventional cooking product energy use in standby mode
varies as a function of the time displayed on a clock. In such case,
DOE proposes to specify setting the clock to a particular start time at
the
[[Page 75301]]
end of a 10-minute stabilization period, waiting another 10 minutes for
the product again to stabilize, and then measuring standby power over a
period of 10 minutes. Alternatively, DOE proposes that manufacturers,
at their own discretion, may choose to measure standby power over a 12-
hour period that captures all possible variations of power consumption
as a function of the time displayed.) Although DOE did not observe any
dehumidifiers with displays that automatically powered down, DOE is
proposing the 30-minute stabilization and 10-minute power measurement
periods for those products as well in order to account for currently
available or future models that may have such a feature.
DOE's test procedures are developed to measure representative
energy use for the typical consumer and cannot capture all possible
consumer actions and appliance usage patterns that might increase
energy use. For example, certain products featuring a display power-
down may allow consumers to alter the display settings to increase the
amount of time in the high-power state, or to make the high-power state
permanent. However, DOE believes the typical consumer will not alter
the standard or default settings. Therefore, DOE has not proposed
additional provisions in today's NOPR to address the possibility of
increased energy use as a result of consumers adjusting the display
power-down settings or other features. DOE welcomes comment on the
suitability of using the default settings in testing standby mode
energy consumption. It also welcomes comment on any testing
methodologies that can account for consumer actions that might increase
energy use, and requests data on the repeatability of those testing
methodologies.
The following sections describe the proposed test method that is
specific to each of the three products that are the subject of this
rulemaking.
1. Dishwashers
DOE proposes that test room ambient temperatures for standby mode
and off mode testing be specified for all dishwashers according to
section 4, paragraph 4.2 of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). The IEC
standard specifies a temperature range of 73.4 9 [deg]F.
The current DOE test procedure for dishwashers includes a test room
ambient air temperature requirement of 75 5 [deg]F. The
narrower range of allowable ambient temperature in the DOE test
procedure helps ensure consistent and repeatable test results for
active mode measurements in which heat losses could affect energy
consumption, but energy use in standby mode or off mode are less
affected by ambient temperature. Today's proposed test procedure would
allow manufacturers of dishwashers to use the more stringent ambient
temperature range in the current DOE test procedure if tests of active
mode efficiency performance and standby mode and off mode power
consumption are conducted simultaneously in the same room on multiple
dishwashers. Alternatively, the proposed temperature specifications
taken from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) would allow a
manufacturer that opts to conduct standby mode and off mode testing
separately from active mode testing more latitude in maintaining
ambient conditions. DOE requests comment on the appropriateness of this
proposed modified test room ambient temperature range.
2. Dehumidifiers
DOE proposes that test room ambient temperatures for standby mode
and off mode testing be specified for all dehumidifiers according to
section 4, paragraph 4.2 of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). The IEC
standard specifies a temperature range of 73.4 9 [deg]F.
The current DOE test procedure for dehumidifiers references the ENERGY
STAR test criteria for dehumidifiers. The ENERGY STAR test criteria are
based on ANSI/AHAM Standard DH-1-2003, ``Dehumidifiers,'' which
specifies a test room ambient temperature of 80 2 [deg]F
for testing. Today's proposed test procedure would allow manufacturers
of dehumidifiers to conduct active mode efficiency performance testing
and standby mode and off mode power consumption testing simultaneously
in the same room on multiple dehumidifiers, as long as the temperature
requirements for both tests are met. Alternatively, the proposed
temperature specifications taken from IEC Standard 62301 (First
Edition) would allow a manufacturer that opts to conduct standby mode
and off mode testing separately from performance testing to use the
ambient temperature requirement of 73.4 9 [deg]F. DOE
requests comment on the appropriateness of this proposed modified test
room ambient temperature range.
DOE also proposes additional clarifications to the power supply
requirements for standby mode and off mode testing for dehumidifiers to
require that the power supply frequency be the rated frequency 1 percent. The current DOE dehumidifier test procedure requires
that the power supply for the active mode test have a supply voltage of
115/230 volts (V) 2 percent (depending on the voltage
specified on the name plate), and be at the rated frequency (no
allowable range is specified for the latter). DOE notes that section 4,
paragraph 4.3 of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) states that when
IEC Standard 62301 is referenced by an external standard, the test
voltage and frequency defined by the external standard shall be used.
When the test voltage and frequency are not defined by the external
standard, IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) requires that the supply
voltage and frequency be 115 V 1 percent and 60 Hertz (Hz)
1 percent, respectively. Because the current DOE
dehumidifier test procedure specifies that the rated frequency be used
for testing but does not provide an allowable range, DOE proposes that
the range of 1 percent specified by IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) be used for standby mode and off mode testing. DOE
requests comments on its proposed amendments related to frequency.
3. Conventional Cooking Products
DOE proposes that test room ambient temperatures for standby mode
and off mode testing be specified for all conventional cooking
products, including cooktops, ovens, and ranges, according to section
4, paragraph 4.2 of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). The IEC
standard specifies a temperature range of 73.4 9 [deg]F.
The current DOE test procedure for conventional cooking products
includes a test room ambient air temperature specification of 77 9 [deg]F. This varies slightly from the range specified by IEC
Standard 62301 of 73.4 9 [deg]F. DOE believes that the
higher temperatures allowed for active mode energy testing could be
representative of ambient temperatures during a cooking process, but
that it would be appropriate to maintain lower allowable temperatures
for standby mode and off mode power consumption measurements as to be
more representative of ambient conditions during those operating modes.
The proposed test procedure would allow manufacturers of conventional
cooking products to measure active mode performance and standby and off
mode power simultaneously in the same room on multiple units, provided
that the room ambient temperature falls within the range allowed by
both ambient temperature requirements (i.e., any temperature between 68
and 82.4 [deg]F). Alternatively, the proposed temperature
specifications from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) would allow a
manufacturer to conduct standby mode and off mode testing separately
from
[[Page 75302]]
performance testing within an ambient temperature range of 73.4 9 [deg]F. DOE requests comment on the appropriateness of this
proposed modified test room ambient temperature range.
DOE also proposes additional clarifications to the power supply
requirements for standby mode and off mode testing for conventional
cooking products to require that the power supply frequency be 60 Hz
1 percent. The current DOE conventional cooking products
test procedure requires that the power supply for the active mode test
be 240/120 V 2 percent or 208/120 2 percent
(for basic models rated only at that rating), but the test procedure
does not specify any power supply frequency requirements. As discussed
earlier for dehumidifiers, section 4, paragraph 4.3 of IEC Standard
62301 (First Edition) states that when the test voltage and frequency
are not defined, the supply voltage and frequency shall be 115 V 1 percent and 60 Hz 1 percent, respectively.
Because the current DOE conventional cooking products test procedure
does not specify a power supply frequency, DOE proposes that the 60 Hz
1 percent specified by IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition)
be used for standby mode and off mode testing. DOE requests comments on
its proposed amendments related to frequency.
IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) is written to provide some
flexibility so that the test standard can be used to measure standby
mode and off mode power for most household electrical appliances
(including conventional cooking products). For that reason, it does not
specify closely the test method for measuring the power consumption in
cases in which the measured power is not stable. Section 5.3.2 of IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition) states that ``[i]f the power varies over
a cycle (i.e., a regular sequence of power states that occur over
several minutes or hours), the period selected to average power or
accumulate energy shall be one or more complete cycles in order to get
a representative average value.'' DOE investigated the possible regular
sequences of power states for conventional cooking products in order to
propose clarifying language to IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) that
would provide accurate and repeatable test measurements.
DOE's tests of standby power measurement in conventional cooking
products indicate that a given unit or model with a clock display may
use varying amounts of standby power depending on the clock time being
displayed. DOE tested a small number (7) of conventional cooking
products from its test sample to determine the amount of variation in
power consumption that is possible due to variations in the clock time
being displayed. More specifically, DOE tested the products with clock
settings of 1:11 and 12:08, which represent the minimum and maximum
amount of numerical display segments.\11\ Table III.1 shows the test
results for the products that showed significant variation in power
consumption depending upon the clock's time display. According to DOE
tests of conventional cooking products equipped with a 12-hour clock
display, standby power use at different times during a 12-hour cycle
could vary by as much as 44 percent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\ Each clock time was tested three times to confirm that the
results were repeatable. The table shows the average power of the
three tests.
Table III.1--Conventional Cooking Product Clock Time Variation Standby Testing Results
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average power
(W)
Product type Test unit No. ---------------- 12:08 Clock Percent
1:11 Clock time variation (%)
time
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oven............................................ 1 1.06 1.44 26.4
Oven............................................ 2 1.05 1.5 30.0
Oven............................................ 3 1.25 1.60 21.7
Oven............................................ 4 1.06 1.44 26.4
Range........................................... 5 2.73 3.69 26.1
Range........................................... 6 0.65 1.15 43.8
Range........................................... 7 1.29 1.63 21.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE believes that the lack of specificity in IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) about the test period could produce test results
obtained during one time period that are not comparable to those
obtained using other time periods. Such results would not necessarily
represent the standby power consumption of conventional cooking
products during all hours associated with standby mode. In addition,
different testing laboratories could take different approaches in
selecting cycles for testing. To assess alternatives to the test cycle
specified in IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition), DOE investigated
alternative time periods and averaging methods for calculating
representative standby power use, using data that DOE collected from
microwave oven clock displays during its analyses for energy
conservation standards for those products. DOE believes that those
displays have cyclic variation in power consumption as a function of
displayed time comparable to those in conventional cooking products.
For a typical microwave oven display with a 12-hour clock feature,
DOE measured average standby power over the full 12-hour period. This
measurement provides the most accurate and repeatable results. However,
because a 12-hour test could substantially add to manufacturer test
burden, DOE sought to identify other, more-abbreviated testing options,
all the while keeping the 12-hour test in mind as an appropriate frame
of reference in terms of generating representative results. DOE then
evaluated a method using 18 different clock display times to produce an
average standby power measurement representative of a 12-hour cycle.
(This is referred to as the ``18-point method.'') This method was
discussed in appendix 5B of the technical support document (TSD) for
the November 2007 ANOPR. When this method is used, the standby power
consumption and line voltage are measured as the clock is cycled
through all the possible digit combinations (in terms of active
elements).\12\ A regression
[[Page 75303]]
analysis is then performed to quantify the effect of the number of lit
elements (by digit) and voltage on power consumption. The results were
integrated across the number of minutes that each active element
combination was ``on'' through the course of the 12-hour test period.
As noted in chapter 5 of the November 2007 ANOPR TSD, this methodology
produced results for average standby power consumption that were within
1 to 2 percent of the 12-hour test results.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ The term ``active elements'' refers to the number of
display segments energized in a seven-segment clock display for a
given time. Different digit combinations associated with different
times displayed may have the same number of active elements.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE also investigated whether a single 10-minute measurement period
with a starting clock time of 3:33 would be a reasonable proxy for the
12-hour standby power measurement in the event that power consumption
is not stable. DOE's analysis indicates that the proportion of time
that each possible number of segments in a 7-segment LED display that
are lit over the 10-minute time period from 3:33 to 3:42 is
representative of the distribution of lit segments over a 12-hour
period with an arbitrary starting time.\13\ This suggests that the 10-
minute test period starting at 3:33 would produce average standby power
measurements comparable to average standby power measured over 12
hours. Table III.2 shows the average standby power measured for 11
units in DOE's microwave oven test sample using the 18-point and 10-
minute methodologies as compared to the 12-hour test.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ See ``10-Minute vs. 12-Hour Analysis.pdf,'' included as
entry No. 2 in the docket for this rulemaking.
Table III.2--Comparison of Methodologies for Measuring Standby Power in Cooking Products With Clock Displays
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12-Hour method 18-Point method 10-Minute method
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Test unit Display type Standby Percent Standby Percent
Standby watts * watts\*\ difference Watts\*\ difference
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................................. LCD............................... 1.567 1.552 -0.99 1.592 1.60
2............................................. LCD............................... 1.571 1.560 -0.70 1.554 -1.08
3............................................. LCD............................... 1.812 1.812 0.03 1.801 -0.61
4............................................. LCD............................... 1.490 1.475 -0.96 1.492 0.17
5............................................. LCD............................... 1.859 1.847 -0.60 1.874 0.84
6............................................. LCD............................... 3.788 3.798 0.26 3.818 0.81
7............................................. LCD............................... 3.641 3.642 0.04 3.606 -0.95
8............................................. LED............................... 1.802 1.796 -0.35 1.797 -0.32
9............................................. LED............................... 1.825 1.820 -0.25 1.816 -0.47
10............................................ LED............................... 3.185 3.177 -0.27 3.290 ** 3.28
11............................................ VFD............................... 5.600 5.611 0.20 5.607 0.13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Standby power measurements are scaled to normalize the supply power to 120.0 volts.
** For this test, the supply power was significantly different than 120.0 volts. Therefore, DOE believes the scaling of the measured standby power and,
thus, the percentage differences from the 12-hour standby power measurements are not valid for this test unit.
Within DOE's limited test sample, the average standby power
measured over the specified 10-minute test period agrees within 2 percent of the average standby power measured over 12 hours.
Therefore, DOE tentatively concludes that a 10-minute measurement
period with a starting time of 3:33 would provide a valid measure of
standby energy use for conventional cooking products, with power
consumption varying according to the time displayed on the clock. DOE
requests comment on the validity and comparability of the various tests
examined, as well as which test(s) DOE should adopt for measuring
standby mode and off mode energy use.
As a related matter, DOE is aware that certain clock displays enter
a higher-power state when one manually sets the time, and then after a
prescribed interval, the clock enters a lower-power state (e.g., by
dimming the display) that is representative of the power levels that
would be associated with the display running without consumer
interaction. Therefore, DOE has tentatively concluded that it would be
appropriate to provide a second stabilization period after the clock
display is set prior to the start of the measurement period. DOE
testing of combination microwave ovens, which have similar clock
displays as conventional cooking products, suggest that a second
stabilization period of 10 minutes would be sufficient to ensure that
the clock display has reached its more representative power state after
setting the time. This approach would require setting the clock time to
3:23 in order to start the measurement period at 3:33 after the 10-
minute second stabilization period. Therefore, DOE has tentatively
decided to specify that, for conventional cooking products for which
standby power consumption is not stable, the clock display shall be set
at 3:23 at the conclusion of the stabilization period specified in
section 5.3 of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition), after which a second
10-minute stabilization period shall be provided, and the subsequent
test period shall be 10 minutes. Alternatively, DOE believes that
appropriate stabilization may be achieved by requiring only the 10-
minute stabilization period after setting the clock time to 3:23. DOE
seeks comment on whether this alternative method in which the clock
time is set to 3:23 prior to a 10-minute stabilization period, followed
by a 10-minute measurement period commencing at 3:33 would be
appropriate.
DOE acknowledges, however, that both the 18-point and 10-minute
approaches for accelerated standby testing do not exclude the
possibility that a product could be programmed to alter its behavior
during such a test in order to minimize measured standby power
consumption. For example, a conventional cooking product could be
programmed to dim or alter its display only during the display times
associated with the 18 measurement points or between display times 3:33
and 3:42.
In light of the above, DOE is proposing to provide manufacturers of
conventional cooking products the option to conduct either the full 12-
hour test, the 10-minute test, or both (with the expectation that any
test records will make clear which type of test(s) was (were)
performed). If a manufacturer elects to perform both
[[Page 75304]]
tests on a unit, the manufacturer may only use the results from one of
the tests (i.e., the 12-hour test or the 10-minute test) as the test
results for that unit. For purposes of enforcement testing, DOE
reserves the right to use either test or both tests. Given that the 10-
minute test, like the 12-hour test, is intended to represent standby
mode and off mode energy use and based upon the research data discussed
above, DOE proposes to clarify that the test results conducted under
the two different tests must be within 2 percent
of each other; otherwise, DOE will use the 12-hour test to determine
compliance. DOE requests comment on its proposed approach requiring
results under the 12-hour test and the 10-minute test to be within
2 percent of each other and welcomes data which
would show that some other range is more appropriate.
DOE notes that the conventional cooking products test procedure is
designed to provide an energy efficiency measurement consistent with
representative average consumer use of these products, even if the test
conditions and/or procedures may not themselves all be representative
of average consumer use (e.g., testing with a display of only 3:33 to
3:42). DOE's proposal reflects the statutory requirement, and the
Department's longstanding view, that the overall objective of the test
procedure is to measure the product's energy consumption during a
representative average use cycle or period of use. 42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3). Further, the test procedure requires specific conditions
during testing that are designed to ensure repeatability while avoiding
excessive testing burdens. Although certain test conditions specified
in the test procedure may deviate from representative use, such
deviations are carefully designed and circumscribed in order to attain
an overall calculated measurement of the energy consumption during
representative use. Thus, it is--and has always been--DOE's view that
products should not be designed such that the energy consumption drops
during test condition settings in ways that would bias the overall
measurement, thereby making it unrepresentative of average consumer
use. If a manufacturer incorporates a power-saving mode as part of the
appliance's routine operation, DOE's test procedure would produce a
representative measure of average consumer use if the unit powered down
during the 10-minute test period for the same percentage of time that
such powering down would be expected to occur during a typical 12-hour
period, and, thus, such operation would be permissible. Although DOE
believes that its proposed 10-minute test would be adequate for standby
mode and off mode testing purposes, if it becomes aware of product
design strategies which render the 10-minute test results
unrepresentative, DOE reserves the right to perform a full 12-hour test
in the context of enforcement testing. It has been the Department's
long-held interpretation that the purpose of the test procedure is to
measure representative use. Ultimately, if DOE identifies a broad
pattern of behavior which has the effect of circumventing its test
procedure provisions, the Department may consider reopening the
conventional cooking products test procedure for further rulemaking.
DOE proposes to clarify in the conventional cooking products test
procedure codified in 10 CFR 430.23(i)(17) that the energy test
procedure is designed to provide a measurement consistent with
representative average consumer use of the product, even if the test
conditions and/or procedures may not themselves all be representative
of average consumer use (e.g. specified display times). However, in a
proposed rule on certification, compliance, and enforcement published
in the Federal Register on September 16, 2010, DOE proposed that it
would be a prohibited act to either fail to test a covered product in
conformance with applicable test procedure requirements or to engage in
``deliberate use of controls or features in a covered product or
covered equipment to circumvent the requirements of a test procedure
and produce test results that are unrepresentative of a product's
energy or water consumption if measured pursuant to DOE's required test
procedure.'' 75 FR 56796, 56825 (Sept. 16, 2010) (citing proposed
amendments to 10 CFR 429.31(a)(2)). Examples of products exhibiting
such behavior are those products that can exhibit operating parameters
(e.g. display wattage) for any energy using component that are not
predictably varying functions of operating conditions or control
inputs--such as when a display is automatically dimmed when test
conditions or test settings are reached. DOE believes that retention of
the ability to conduct enforcement testing using the 12-hour test will
deter product designs that would not be representative under the 10-
minute test of the DOE test procedure.
DOE seeks comment on the proposed approach above to address
products equipped with controls or other features that modify the
operation of energy-using components during testing. DOE's proposed
approach does not identify specific product characteristics that could
render results generated under the test procedure unrepresentative when
testing certain products (e.g. modification of operation based on
display time). Rather, it clarifies the need to address any features
that could potentially yield measurements unrepresentative of the
product's energy consumption during a representative use cycle.
As discussed in section III.B, the current DOE conventional cooking
products test procedure provides testing methods and calculations to
account for energy use of a continuously-operating clock. The current
test procedure requires that any electrical clock that uses energy
continuously be disconnected, except for those that are an integral
part of the timing or temperature-controlling circuit of the product.
In cases where the continuously-operating clock is an integral part of
the timing or temperature-control circuit and cannot be disconnected
during the test, the test procedure requires that such clock energy use
be subtracted from the oven, cooktop, or range test energy consumption.
The test procedure also provides methods for measuring the power
consumption of a clock, which is then multiplied by 8,760 hours (total
hours per year) to determine the annual clock energy consumption. The
annual clock energy consumption is included in the calculation of total
annual energy consumption and EF.
DOE believes that the testing provisions for clock energy
consumption currently in the cooking products test procedure are no
longer necessary because DOE proposes to amend the conventional cooking
products test procedure to fully account for standby mode and off mode
energy consumption, which include clock energy consumption. DOE
proposes to incorporate standby mode and off mode energy consumption
into the total annual energy consumption and EF calculations.
Therefore, DOE proposes to remove the provisions for clock energy
consumption from the conventional cooking products test procedure and
to replace them with the provisions for measuring all standby mode and
off mode energy consumption. (See section III.E.)
E. Calculation of Energy Use Associated With Standby Mode and Off Mode
Measurements of power associated with standby mode and off mode for
[[Page 75305]]
dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products are
expressed in watts (W). The annual energy consumption in each of these
modes is the product of the power consumption and the time spent in
that particular mode per year. The following sections describe how the
annual energy use associated with each operating mode is calculated for
the products that are the subject of this rulemaking.
1. Dishwashers
Energy use for dishwashers is expressed in terms of average annual
energy use and total energy used per dishwasher cycle. (10 CFR
430.23(c)) As discussed in section III.F, DOE has tentatively
determined that it is technically feasible to incorporate measures of
standby mode and off mode energy use into the overall energy use metric
(i.e., average annual energy use) as required by the EISA 2007
amendments to EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) Therefore, DOE has
examined standby mode and off mode energy consumption in terms of
annual energy use, expressed in kWh per year.
In the current DOE dishwasher test procedure, the annual standby
mode energy consumption is calculated by multiplying the average
standby power use by the number of standby hours per year. The number
of standby hours per year is equal to the number of total hours per
year minus the product of the representative average dishwasher use of
215 cycles per year times the average wash cycle time. The average wash
cycle time is derived from test measurements of the duration of the
various cycles available on a dishwasher, such as normal, truncated
normal, and sensor cycles. The average standby energy consumption is
then added to the annual machine energy use (which includes any water
heating within the dishwasher) and annual water energy use (energy used
by the residence's water heater to heat the water prior to being
supplied to the dishwasher during the cycle) to calculate the EAEU. DOE
is proposing in today's NOPR that the active mode hours be determined
using the approach specified in the current DOE dishwasher test
procedure. That procedure uses test measurements of the duration of the
various cycles available on a dishwasher to determine its average wash
cycle time and then multiplies that average wash cycle time by 215
cycles per year. DOE proposes that the remaining non-active hours be
distributed between the appropriate standby and off modes. DOE
investigated the annual hours and energy consumption associated with
each possible dishwasher operating mode, including inactive, delay
start, cycle finished, off, and active modes, in order to propose
methods for calculating the total annual energy use.
As part of the November 2007 ANOPR, DOE estimated the length of a
dishwasher cycle to be one hour. 72 FR 64432, 64471 (Nov. 15, 2007).
The DOE test procedure assumes 215 dishwasher cycles per year. (10 CFR
part 430 subpart B, appendix C, section 5.6) Therefore, DOE estimates
that 215 hours per year are dedicated to active mode.
Data regarding the amount of time dishwashers spend in the
remaining non-active modes is very limited. A study conducted in
Australia, ``2005 Intrusive Residential Standby Survey Report,''
surveyed 120 households and provided information regarding delay start
for dishwashers. The report stated that about 25 percent of dishwashers
were found to have delay start capabilities. Twenty percent of those
surveyed who had dishwashers with delay start capabilities indicated
they used this function. The study also reported an average power
consumption for delay start mode of 3.8 W.\14\ DOE notes the study
reported data on dishwashers installed in the households at the time of
the survey. Thus, the data may not be representative of dishwashers
currently on the market. Because this study provided only limited
information on consumer usage patterns for a limited number of modes,
DOE investigated other sources of consumer usage data for dishwashers
regarding the amount of time dishwashers spend in each possible non-
active mode.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ ``2005 Intrusive Residential Standby Survey Report,''
Energy Efficient Strategies (February 2006), p. 40.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
One IEC report \15\ surveyed dishwasher usage patterns in Germany,
Italy, and the United Kingdom households. Dishwashers in these
households averaged 213 cycles per year, which is close to the value
specified by the current DOE dishwasher test procedure of 215 cycles
per year. DOE believes the results of this survey are consistent with
consumer behavior in the United States. DOE notes that the sample size
of this survey was only 79 households. Regarding delay start, called
``time delay function'' in the survey, data showed 44 percent of
dishwashers had a delay start function. Thirty-four percent of the
respondents who owned a dishwasher with a delay start function used the
function. Respondents who did use delay start used it for 16 percent of
all cycles, with an average delay setting of 5.1 hours. If the results
for delay start are applied to all dishwashers and cycles, the average
delay start per cycle is just under 8 minutes, or 26 hours per year.
For cycle finished mode, called ``program end'' in the survey, data
from all households showed the average time after program end and
before switching the machine off was 1.1 hours. If results for cycle
finished mode are applied to all dishwashers and cycles, the average
total cycle finished mode hours is 237 hours per year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ R. Stamminger, ``Stand-by and other lower power modes on
dishwashers,'' IEC Report No. 59A/122/INF (March 24, 2006).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is using data from this IEC survey in its estimates of the
energy consumption associated with the different dishwasher modes. Of a
total 8,760 hours per year,\16\ the hours not associated with active,
delay start, or cycle finished mode are allocated to off and inactive
modes. To determine the approximate wattages associated with standby
modes and off mode, DOE conducted internal testing on 14
dishwashers.\17\ Average power levels in watts are multiplied by the
estimated number of hours allocated per year to each mode to calculate
the annual energy use for each mode. For example, the active mode power
and annual energy use were calculated based on 215 cycles per year for
a standard-size dishwasher with a minimum standard EF of 0.65. The
typical average per-cycle energy use for such a dishwasher is
calculated to be 1.54 kWh per cycle. The product of these inputs yields
annual energy use in active mode of 331.1 kWh per year. In summary,
Table III.3 presents the comparison of the average wattages and annual
energy use associated with all dishwasher modes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ DOE used a value of 8760 total hours per year in all of its
analyses in today's notice, based on 24 hours/day x 365 days/year.
The current dishwasher test procedure includes a value of 8766
hours, which results from 24 hours/day x 365.25 days/year. Although
the latter equation is more accurate, DOE has retained the value of
8760 in all its proposed test procedure amendments in today's
notice, and notes that the two values vary by a negligible 0.07
percent.
\17\ See ``Standby and Off Mode Power Measurements,'' included
as entry No. 3 in the docket for this rulemaking.
[[Page 75306]]
Table III.3--DOE Estimate of Annual Energy Use of Dishwasher Modes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mode Hours Typical power (W) Annual energy use (kWh)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active................................ 215 1,540...................... 331.10.
Delay Start........................... * 26 1.91....................... 0.05.
Cycle Finished........................ 237 1.56....................... 0.37.
Off and Inactive...................... ** 8,282 0 to 0.69.................. 0 to 5.71.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Based on IEC 59A/122/INF.
** (8,760 hours per year--215 active mode hours--26 delay start hours--237 cycle finished hours) = 8,282 hours.
As discussed in section III.C, DOE believes that delay start would
not be considered part of standby mode, but instead, it would be an
active mode. For the reasons discussed earlier, DOE is not proposing
amendments to the dishwasher test procedure to define ``delay start
mode'' or to measure power consumption in this mode. The comparison of
annual energy consumption of different dishwasher modes presented in
Table III.3 shows that energy use associated with delay start mode is
relatively insignificant because of the small number of annual hours
associated with this mode. In addition, the power levels in this mode
are similar to those for off/inactive modes for dishwashers currently
on the market. Therefore, DOE proposes to allocate delay start mode
hours (which total 26 for this example case) to the inactive and off
modes (which would then total 8,308 for this example case). DOE also
proposes that 237 hours be associated with cycle finished mode for
dishwashers capable of functioning in such a mode, as presented in
Table III.3.
To determine the annual hours per mode for dishwashers for which
not all standby modes are possible, DOE proposes to reallocate the
hours for modes that are not part of the dishwasher's design. For
example, if cycle finished mode is not part of a dishwasher's design,
the off/inactive mode hours would be the total hours per year minus the
active mode hours per year. If cycle finished mode is part of the
design, the off/inactive mode hours would be the total hours per year
minus the active mode hours per year minus the 237 cycle finished mode
hours.
DOE believes that the proposed definition of ``off mode'' as
applied to dishwashers refers to units with mechanical rather than
electronic controls, or units with electronic controls combined with a
mechanical switch, with which the user can de-energize the electronic
controls. Reactivation of the dishwasher with a push-button sensor,
touch sensor, or other similar device that consumes power is considered
to be a standby mode feature under the proposed definition. The
proposed definition states that standby mode facilitates the activation
of other modes (including activation or deactivation of active mode) by
remote switch (including remote control), internal sensor, or timer.
DOE believes there are few dishwashers with electronic controls that
have an additional mechanical on/off switch. Therefore, the combined
inactive/off mode hours would most likely be allocated fully either to
inactive or off mode, depending on the type of controls present on the
dishwasher. DOE does not have market share information to determine how
many dishwashers are currently shipped with electromechanical controls
or the proportion of time spent in off mode for units equipped with a
mechanical on/off switch. For dishwashers with electronic controls plus
a mechanical on/off switch, DOE is proposing to allocate half of the
non-active hours to inactive and half to off modes. DOE welcomes
comment and additional information on this point, and on the proposed
approach for calculating energy use for standby mode and off mode.
In conclusion, DOE proposes to determine dishwasher standby mode
and off mode energy use by: (1) Calculating the product of wattage and
allocated hours for all possible standby and off modes; (2) summing the
results; and (3) dividing the sum by 1,000 to convert from watt-hours
(Wh) to kWh. DOE invites comments on this proposed methodology and
associated factors, including accuracy, allocation of annual hours, and
test burden for manufacturers. DOE may also consider adoption in the
final rule of the following alternative methodology based on comments
received.
The comparison of annual energy use of different dishwasher product
modes shows that cycle finished mode represents a relatively small
number of hours per year at a low power consumption level. For
dishwashers currently on the market, these levels are distinct from but
comparable to those for off/inactive modes. Thus, DOE could adopt a
test procedure for dishwashers that would specify that only hours spent
in off and inactive modes would be considered when calculating energy
use associated with standby mode and off mode. In that case, all of the
non-active hours would be allocated to the inactive and off modes. DOE
invites comment on whether such an alternative would be representative
of the standby mode and off mode power consumption of dishwashers
currently on the market.
2. Dehumidifiers
Energy use for dehumidifiers is expressed as EF, which is the ratio
of liters of water removed from the air per kWh. As discussed in
section III.F, DOE has determined it is technically feasible to
incorporate measures of standby mode and off mode energy use into the
overall energy use metric, and accordingly, DOE is making a proposal
consistent with that determination, as required by the EISA 2007
amendments to EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) Thus, DOE proposes that
a dehumidifier's total annual energy use be estimated by combining
standby mode and off mode energy consumption with active mode
consumption based on the number of hours a dehumidifier spends in each
mode.
In order to establish the number of hours per year a dehumidifier
spends in different operating modes, DOE investigated studies of
dehumidifier usage patterns. Table III.4 shows estimates of monthly
dehumidifier usage obtained from a variety of sources, including a 1998
Arthur D. Little (ADL) report,\18\ a 2005 Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory (LBNL) report,\19\ and estimates provided by ENERGY
[[Page 75307]]
STAR \20\ and AHAM in 2006 \21\ in consultation with manufacturers and
others familiar with the product. Most of these estimates demonstrate
heavy dehumidifier usage during the summer months and none between the
months of November and March. DOE proposes to use AHAM's mid-level
estimate of active mode hours for the purpose of this analysis. The
AHAM data were developed based on manufacturer experience. DOE
believes, therefore, that the data represent a reasonable assessment of
the average usage patterns for dehumidifiers. As shown in Table III.4,
AHAM's mid-level estimate of annual hourly operation is 1,095 active
mode hours, while other estimates range from 875 to 4,320 active mode
hours. For the purposes of this analysis, DOE proposes that 1,095 hours
be associated with active mode.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ R. Zogg, and D. Alberino, ``Electricity Consumption by
Small End Uses in Residential Buildings,'' Arthur D. Little (August
20, 1998).
\19\ M. McWhinney, et al., ``ENERGY STAR product specification
development framework: using data and analysis to make program
decisions.'' Energy Policy, 33 (2005) pp. 1613-25.
\20\ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of
Energy, ENERGY STAR, ``Savings Calculator--Dehumidifiers
(Assumptions) (2006) (Last accessed August 10, 2010). Available
online at: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=dehumid.pr_dehumidifiers.
\21\ AHAM, AHAM Data on Dehumidifiers for Efficiency Standards
Rulemaking (August 23, 2006) (Docket No. EE-2006-STD-0127, Comment
Number 17).
Table III.4--Estimates of Active Mode Operating Hours for Dehumidifiers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source Nov-Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Annual
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AHAM-Low............................................. 0 0 70 210 245 245 70 35 875
AHAM-Mid............................................. 0 14 86 231 288 288 130 58 1,095
AHAM-High............................................ 0 37 110 256 329 329 183 73 1,315
ADL.................................................. 0 0 180 360 360 360 180 180 1,620
ENERGY STAR.......................................... 0 0 475 475 475 475 475 475 2,851
LBNL-High............................................ 1,800 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 4,320
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is aware that a dehumidifier may be unplugged for a certain
percentage of time, and, therefore, will not be in either standby mode
or off mode. DOE does not have data regarding the amount of time a
typical dehumidifier is unplugged. However, in its comment on the
framework document for the residential dishwasher, dehumidifier,
cooking products, and commercial clothes washer energy conservation
standards rulemaking, AHAM stated that dehumidifiers are normally used
on a regional basis in basements during humid summer hours in northern
climates. Reviewing the survey data presented in Table III.4, which
show no active mode hours of operation for the months from November to
March and minimal active mode hours in April, in the context of AHAM's
comment has led DOE to tentatively conclude that dehumidifiers would
likely be unplugged during the period from November to March and for
half of April (5.5 months). Therefore, DOE estimates the time
dehumidifiers spend unplugged as 3,984 hours.
Next, DOE investigated how the remaining 3,681 non-active hours
(8,760-1,095--3,984) would be allocated to the other operating modes.
DOE is not aware of any reliable consumer usage data on the number of
hours per year dehumidifiers spend in delay start and bucket full/
removed modes. In the absence of such data, DOE estimated the time
spent in these modes in the manner described below.
To estimate a representative number of annual hours for bucket
full/removed mode, DOE estimated the number of times a dehumidifier
bucket would be expected to fill with water and the number of hours the
bucket would be expected to remain full before being emptied. As
discussed in the November 2007 ANOPR, DOE estimated that the
predominant dehumidifier product class, which has 25.01-35 pints per
day capacity and operates at the existing energy conservation standard
level (EF of 1.35 liters per kWh), would have an annual energy use of
about 480 kWh per year. 72 FR 64432, 64473 (Nov. 15, 2007). DOE
estimates that such a dehumidifier would remove 648 liters of water
from the air per year (480 kWh per year x 1.35 liters per kWh = 648
liters per year). Based on the units in DOE's test sample with a
capacity between 25.01-35 pints per day, DOE estimates that the average
condensate collection bucket size for this product class would be 18.7
pints, or 8.9 liters.\22\ If it is assumed the typical consumer will
run a dehumidifier until the bucket is full before emptying it, DOE
estimates that dehumidifiers will reach bucket full/removed mode 73
times per year (648 liters of water removed from the air per year/8.9
liter bucket capacity = 73). Thus, the 1095 active mode hours divided
by 73 bucket full mode events results in an estimate of 15 hours that
the dehumidifier spends in active mode per bucket fill. DOE believes
that consumers will not empty the collection bucket more than once per
day, so the dehumidifier is likely to remain full an average of 9 hours
per bucket-full event (24 hours per day - 15 hours per bucket fill = 9
hours). Based on these assumptions, DOE estimates the number of bucket
full/removed annual hours to be 657 hours (73 bucket fills per year x 9
hours bucket remains full before being emptied and replaced).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ See ``Dehumidifier Bucket Size.pdf,'' included as entry No.
4 in the docket for this rulemaking
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To determine the number of annual hours associated with delay start
mode, DOE surveyed dehumidifier models available on the market. DOE
determined that about 19 percent of dehumidifiers have a delay start
mode function and that the delay start function can be set for up to 24
hours. DOE estimates that the delay start function will only be used on
50 percent of these 19 percent of dehumidifiers that have the function.
DOE also estimates that consumers that do use the delay start function
will use it once a day for 10 percent of the 199 dehumidifying days per
year. (The dehumidifying days are the 6.5 months of the year during
which the dehumidifier may be operated in active mode, as shown in the
AHAM's mid-level estimate in Table III.4.) DOE also estimates that
consumers will use an average delay setting of 12 hours (which is half
of the maximum delay start time available on dehumidifiers.) Based on
these assumptions, DOE estimates that the average time a dehumidifier
is operating in delay start mode per active mode day is 6.8 minutes, or
23 hours per year.
The estimates of annual hours and energy consumption associated
with the active, delay start, and bucket full/removed modes are
displayed in Table III.5. To determine the approximate wattages
associated with standby modes and off mode, DOE conducted internal
testing on 13 dehumidifiers.\23\ Average power levels in watts are
multiplied by
[[Page 75308]]
the estimated number of hours allocated per year to each mode to
calculate the annual energy use for each mode. For the purpose of this
analysis, DOE estimated that the remaining 3,001 annual hours (3,681
non-active mode hours - 23 delay start mode hours - 657 bucket/full
removed mode hours = 3,001 hours) would be split between off-cycle
mode, inactive mode, and off mode. The split between these three modes
is discussed later in this section.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ See ``Standby and Off Mode Power Measurements,'' included
as entry No. 3 in the docket for this rulemaking.
Table III.5--DOE Estimate of Annual Energy Use of Dehumidifier Modes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mode Hours Typical power (W) Annual energy use (kWh)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active................................ 1,095 493........................ 540.
Delay Start *......................... 23 1.54....................... 0.04.
Bucket Full/Removed **................ ** 657 1.63....................... 1.07.
Off-Cycle/Inactive/Off................ 3,001 0 to 1.04.................. 0 to 3.12.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* 19 percent (percentage of dehumidifiers with delay start function) x 50 percent (percentage of machines for
which the delay start function is used) x 10 percent (for consumers that use the delay start function, the
percentage of dehumidifying days that a consumer will use this function per day) x 12 hours (average
programmed duration of delay start period) x 199 days (number of dehumidifying days per year) = 23 hours.
** 73 (bucket fills per year) x 9 hours (hours the bucket remains full before being emptied and replaced) = 657
hours.
As discussed in section III.C, DOE believes that delay start mode
would not be considered part of standby mode, but instead would be a
form of active mode. Therefore, DOE is not proposing amendments to the
dehumidifier test procedure to define ``delay start mode'' or to
measure power consumption in this mode. The comparison of the annual
energy consumption of different dehumidifier modes presented in Table
III.5 shows that energy use associated with delay start mode is
relatively insignificant because dehumidifiers spend only a small
number of hours in this mode. In addition, the power levels in delay
start mode are similar to those for off/inactive modes for
dehumidifiers currently on the market. Therefore, DOE proposes to
allocate delay start mode hours (which total 23 hours for this example
case) to the off-cycle, inactive, and off modes (which would then total
3,024 hours in this example case).
To determine the annual hours per mode for dehumidifiers for which
not all standby modes are possible, DOE estimated values by
reallocating the hours associated with various standby modes that are
not present using the ratios discussed previously. DOE's logic for this
distribution of hours follows.
For example, if bucket full/removed mode is not possible for
dehumidifiers with a continuous drain and no condensate collection
bucket, off-cycle/inactive/off modes would equal 3,024 off-cycle/
inactive/off mode hours + 657 bucket full/removed hours = 3,681 hours.
DOE believes the proposed definition of ``off mode'' as applied to
dehumidifiers is similar to that for dishwashers. Off mode, as applied
to dehumidifiers, refers to units with mechanical rather than
electronic controls, or units with electronic controls combined with a
mechanical switch that the user can use to de-energize the electronic
controls. DOE observed during testing that dehumidifiers with
electronic controls require that a humidity level be set when the unit
is powered on; if the room humidity level is above the level set, the
unit begins operating in active mode. Therefore, DOE believes that when
a dehumidifier with electronic controls is powered on, the majority of
the non-active mode hours (i.e., when the relative humidity level in
the room is below the dehumidifier humidity set point) would be
associated with off-cycle mode. If a dehumidifier is equipped with
electronic controls and a push-button sensor to power on the controls,
it operates in the inactive mode when the unit is not powered on. DOE
believes that a dehumidifier with a remote control can be controlled
whenever it is plugged in. Thus, these units do not have an off mode
and instead operate in the inactive mode when the unit is not powered
on, and operate in off-cycle or active mode when the unit is powered
on. However, if a dehumidifier allows the user to switch off remote
control operation, it would be capable of off, inactive, and off-cycle
modes. DOE does not have consumer usage data on the distribution of
annual mode hours for dehumidifiers among the different combinations of
off-cycle, inactive, and off modes. DOE proposes that the annual hours
be split evenly between the off-cycle, inactive, and off modes
depending on which modes are present on the dehumidifier under test.
Otherwise, for units which are capable of operating in only off-cycle,
inactive, or off mode, DOE proposes that all of the hours be allocated
to the appropriate mode. DOE welcomes any data available on this issue.
In summary, DOE proposes to amend the dehumidifier test procedure
to determine energy use associated with standby mode and off mode by:
(1) Calculating the products of wattage and allocated hours for all
possible standby and off modes; (2) summing the results; and (3)
dividing the sum by 1,000 to convert from Wh to kWh. DOE invites
comments on this proposed methodology for dehumidifiers and associated
factors, including accuracy, allocation of annual hours, and test
burden. DOE may also consider adoption in the final rule of the
following alternative methodology based on comments received.
The comparison of annual energy use of different dehumidifier modes
shows that, for dehumidifiers currently on the market, power
consumption levels in bucket full/removed mode are distinct from but
comparable to those for off-cycle/inactive/off modes. Thus, DOE could
adopt an approach for dehumidifiers limited to specifying the hours for
only off-cycle, inactive, and off modes when calculating energy use
associated with standby mode and off mode. In that case, all of the
non-active hours (3,681 hours total), including bucket full/removed
mode, would be allocated to the off-cycle, inactive, and off modes. DOE
invites comment on whether this alternative would be representative of
the standby mode and off mode power consumption of dehumidifiers
currently on the market.
3. Conventional Cooking Products
Energy use for conventional cooking products is expressed as EF,
which is the ratio of annual cooking energy output to the annual energy
input. As discussed in section III.F, DOE has determined it is
technically feasible to incorporate measures of standby mode and off
mode energy use into the overall energy use metric, and accordingly,
DOE is making a proposal consistent with that determination, as
required by the EISA 2007 amendments to EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A)) In order to incorporate standby mode and off mode power
consumption into the overall energy consumption for conventional
[[Page 75309]]
cooking products, DOE analyzed data on the usage patterns and power
consumption in these modes on an annual basis for each product class of
conventional cooking products, as discussed below.
a. Conventional Ovens
DOE investigated the hours and energy consumption associated with
each possible operating mode for conventional ovens, including
inactive, Sabbath, delay start, cycle finished, off, and active modes.
DOE is unaware of reliable consumer usage data for the number of
hours spent in active mode for conventional ovens. To estimate the
number of annual active mode hours, DOE reviewed data from the Energy
Information Administration (EIA)'s 2005 ``Residential Energy
Consumption Survey'' (RECS).\24\ RECS is a national sample survey of
housing units that collects statistical information on the consumption
of and expenditures for energy in housing units, along with data on
energy-related characteristics of the housing units and occupants. RECS
provides survey data on the frequency of conventional oven use per
week. Based on its analysis of RECS data, DOE estimates that the number
of active mode cooking cycles per year is 211. Assuming that a
conventional oven active mode cycle is on average 1 hour long, DOE
estimates that the number of active mode hours per year for a
conventional oven is 211. DOE welcomes information and data on such
average cycle times, as well as the number of annual conventional oven
usage cycles. For the purposes of this analysis, DOE proposes that 211
hours be associated with active mode and the remaining 8,549 hours of
the year be associated with the remaining possible modes, including
inactive, delay start, cycle finished, Sabbath, and off mode. RECS also
provides consumer usage data on how many conventional ovens are used
per household. Based on its analysis of RECS data, DOE estimates that
1.04 conventional ovens are used per household.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ U.S. Department of Energy-Energy Information
Administration, ``Residential Energy Consumption Survey,'' 2005
Public Use Data Files (2005). Available online at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/. It is noted that EIA's 2005 RECS is the
latest available version of this survey.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Similarly, DOE is not aware of reliable consumer usage data for the
number of hours conventional ovens spend in various non-active modes.
DOE estimated the time associated with Sabbath mode in conventional
ovens based on the percentage of Jewish households in the United States
that observe kosher practices at home (the households most likely to
use Sabbath mode), the number of annual work-free days, and the number
of conventional ovens used per household. DOE believes this represents
the population of consumers which uses Sabbath mode features in a
conventional oven. DOE estimates the percentage of Jewish consumers
observing kosher practices at home to be about 0.54 percent of the
total U.S. population, based on data from a 2000-01 population survey
by the United Jewish Communities,\25\ which reported that 21 percent of
2.9 million Jewish households (which equals 609,000 households) in the
United States keep a kosher home, compared to 112,386,298 total
households in the United States as of 2008.\26\ DOE also estimates
1,584 hours of annual work-free hours, which would comprise the weekly
Sabbath and the annual non-working Jewish holidays.\27\ Using these
estimates as well as the number of ovens per household as determined
earlier in this section, DOE estimates that 8.9 hours per year would be
associated with Sabbath mode for conventional ovens. The calculation
is: 0.54 percent (percent of U.S. households that observe kosher
practices) x 1,584 hours (annual work-free hours per year) x 1.04
(conventional ovens per household) = 8.9 hours per year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\25\ United Jewish Communities, ``The National Jewish Population
Survey 2000-01--Strength, Challenge and Diversity in the American
Jewish Population,'' (Sept. 2003) (Last accessed August 10, 2010).
Available online at: http://www.jewishfederations.org/local_includes/downloads/4606.pdf.
\26\ U.S. Census Bureau. ``2006 American Community Survey 3-Year
Estimates. S1101. Households and Families'' (2006) (Last accessed
August 10, 2010). Information available online at: http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_S1101&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=&-CONTEXT=st.
\27\ These Jewish holidays included Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur,
Sukkot, Shemini Atzeret, Simchat Torah, Shavu'ot, and Passover.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE also estimated the annual hours associated with delay start
mode. DOE analyzed data from a DOE survey of ovens currently available
on the market and estimated that 96 percent of conventional ovens are
equipped with a delay start function. DOE notes that conventional ovens
may offer a delay start function of up to 24 hours. However, DOE is
unaware of any reliable usage data for the delay start function. In the
absence of data, DOE has estimated that, given the prevalence of delay
start-equipped ovens, approximately 50 percent of consumers will use
this feature for at least some cooking cycles. DOE further estimates
that consumers that use the delay start function will use it for 5
percent of cooking cycles and will program a 12-hour delay start
period. (The 12-hour delay is half of the maximum delay start time
available on conventional ovens, which is also approximately the time
between preparation in the morning and initiating a cooking cycle in
the evening.) Applying these estimates to all conventional ovens and
cooking cycles (211 cycles per year as determined earlier), DOE
estimates that the average time a conventional oven is operating in
delay start mode per cycle is 17 minutes, or 61 hours per year.
To estimate the annual time associated with cycle finished mode,
DOE assumed that conventional ovens on average remain in cycle finished
mode for 5 minutes after every cycle. Calculations based on that
assumptions result in an estimate of 18 annual hours associated with
cycle finished mode.
The remaining 8,461.1 annual hours not associated with active,
Sabbath, delay start, or cycle finished mode are allocated to off and
inactive modes (8,760 annual hours - 211 active mode hours - 8.9
Sabbath mode hours - 61 delay start mode hours - 18 cycle finished mode
hours). The hours for the relevant modes and estimates of power input
and energy use for conventional ovens are summarized in Table III.6.
The approximate wattages associated with each mode, other than active
mode, were determined from internal testing conducted by DOE on 12
conventional ovens.\28\ For active mode, the typical average power
level is calculated by dividing the annual energy consumption of a
baseline efficiency model electric self-cleaning oven (EF of 0.1099 and
annual energy consumption of 171.0 kWh per year) by 211 active hours,
which equals 810 W. Electric self-cleaning ovens were determined to be
the predominant conventional electric oven product class as part of the
November 2007 ANOPR. 72 FR 64432, 64474 (Nov. 15, 2007). Although the
hours per mode presented in Table III.6 are estimates based on limited
study data, DOE believes the energy patterns illustrated in this table
are representative for most conventional ovens.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ See ``Standby and Off Mode Power Measurements, pdf,''
included as entry No. 3 in the docket for this rulemaking.
[[Page 75310]]
Table III.6--Estimate of Annual Energy Use of Conventional Oven Modes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mode Hours Typical power (W) Annual energy use (kWh)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active................................ 211 810........................ 171.0.
Sabbath............................... * 8.9 7.59....................... .068.
Delay Start........................... ** 61 5.35....................... 0.33.
Cycle Finished........................ [dagger] 18 1.75....................... 0.032.
Off/Inactive.......................... 8,461.1 0 to 3.80.................. 0 to 32.15.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* 1,584 (yearly work-free hours) x 1.04 (conventional ovens per household) x 0.54 percent (percent of U.S.
households that observe kosher practices) = 8.9 hours.
** 96 percent (percentage of conventional ovens with delay start function) x 50 percent (percentage of machines
for which the delay start function is used) x 5 percent (for consumers that use the delay start function, the
percentage of cycles that the consumer would use this function) x 12 hours (average programmed duration of
delay start period) x 211 (annual cooking cycles) = 61 hours.
[dagger] 211 (annual cycles) x 5 minutes (estimated cycle finished minutes per cycle) = 18 hours.
As discussed in section III.C, DOE believes delay start mode would
not be considered part of standby mode, but instead, it would be a form
of active mode. Therefore, DOE is not proposing amendments to the
conventional oven test procedure to define delay start mode or to
measure power consumption in this mode. The comparison of annual energy
consumption of different conventional oven modes shows that energy use
associated with delay start mode is relatively insignificant because
only a small number of hours are associated with this mode. In
addition, the power levels in this mode are similar to those for off/
inactive modes for conventional ovens currently on the market. For this
reason, DOE proposes to allocate delay start mode hours (which total 61
hours for this example case) to the inactive and off modes (which would
then total 8,522.1 hours in this example case.)
As also discussed in section III.C, DOE believes that Sabbath mode
would be considered part of the active mode. Therefore, DOE is not
proposing amendments to the conventional cooking products test
procedure to define ``Sabbath mode'' or to measure power consumption in
this mode. However, the comparison of annual energy consumption shows
that energy use associated with Sabbath mode is insignificant because
only a small number of hours are associated with this mode. DOE
proposes to allocate the Sabbath mode hours (which total 8.9 hours for
this example case) to the active mode (which would then total 219.9
hours in this example case.)
To determine the annual hours per mode for conventional ovens for
which not all standby modes are possible, DOE estimated values based
upon reallocating the hours for modes that are not present using the
ratios discussed previously. If cycle finished mode, which is assumed
to be a fixed value of 18 hours per year, is not present, the off/
inactive mode hours would be 8,760 total hours - 219.9 active mode
hours = 8,540.1 hours. If cycle finished mode is possible, the off/
inactive mode hours would be 8,760 total hours - 219.9 active mode
hours - 18 cycle finished hours = 8,522.1 hours.
DOE believes the proposed definition of ``off mode'' as applied to
conventional ovens refers to units with mechanical rather than
electronic controls, or units with electronic controls combined with a
mechanical switch, with which the user can de-energize the electronic
controls. Reactivating a conventional oven with a push-button sensor,
touch sensor, or other similar device that consumes power is considered
to be a standby mode feature under the proposed definitions. DOE
believes there are few conventional ovens with electronic controls that
have an additional mechanical off switch. Therefore, the combined
inactive/off mode hours would most likely be allocated fully either to
inactive or off mode, depending on the type of controls present on the
conventional oven. DOE does not have market share information to
determine how many conventional ovens are currently shipped with
electromechanical controls. For conventional ovens with electronic
controls plus a mechanical off switch, DOE proposes to allocate half of
the non-active hours to inactive and half to off modes. DOE welcomes
comment and additional information on this point, and on the proposed
approach for calculating energy use for standby mode and off mode,
including the decision to allocate all non-active mode hours to off and
inactive modes.
In summary, DOE proposes to determine conventional oven energy use
associated with standby mode and off mode by: (1) Calculating the
product of wattage and allocated hours for all possible standby and off
modes; (2) summing the results; and (3) dividing the sum by 1,000 to
convert from Wh to kWh. DOE invites comments on this proposed
methodology and associated factors, including accuracy, allocation of
annual hours, and test burden. DOE may also consider adoption in the
final rule of the following alternative methodology based on comments
received.
The comparison of annual energy use of different conventional oven
product modes shows that cycle finished mode represents a relatively
small number of hours at a low power consumption level. For
conventional ovens currently on the market, these levels are distinct
from but comparable to those for off/inactive mode. Thus, DOE could
adopt an approach that would be limited to specifying the hours for
only off/inactive mode when calculating energy use associated with
standby and inactive/off modes. In that case, all of the non-active
hours (8,540.1 hours total) would be allocated to the inactive/off
mode. DOE invites comment on whether such an alternative would be
representative of the standby mode and off mode power consumption of
conventional ovens currently on the market.
b. Conventional Cooktops
DOE investigated the hours and energy consumption associated with
each possible operating mode for conventional cooktops, including
inactive, Sabbath, off, and active modes. DOE did not observe any
models capable of delay start mode or cycle finished mode, and,
therefore DOE did not consider these modes for the purpose of this
analysis.
DOE notes that RECS only provides usage data for conventional ovens
and does not provide usage data for conventional cooktops. As discussed
earlier, DOE estimated based on the 2005 RECS that there are 211 active
mode cooking cycles per year for conventional ovens, resulting in 211
active mode hours per year, and that the
[[Page 75311]]
balance of the year (8,549 hours) is the established number of hours
associated with Sabbath, cycle finished, and off/inactive modes. DOE
believes that conventional cooktops would have similar active mode
usage patterns as conventional ovens. Therefore, DOE is proposing to
use the same 211 active mode cycles per year and annual active mode
hours for conventional cooktops, so the remaining 8,549 hours of the
year would be associated with standby mode and off mode. DOE welcomes
information and data on such average cycle times, as well as annual
conventional cooktop usage. DOE also notes that RECS does not provide
usage data on how many conventional cooktops are used per household. As
a result, DOE is proposing to estimate that the average household uses
one conventional cooktop.
DOE is not aware of reliable consumer usage data for hours spent in
different standby and off modes in conventional cooktops. As was done
for conventional ovens, DOE estimated the time associated with Sabbath
mode in conventional cooktops based on the percentage of Jewish
households in the United States that observe kosher practices at home
(the households most likely to use Sabbath mode), the number of annual
work-free days, and the number of conventional cooktops used per
household. As it did for conventional ovens, DOE estimates that about
0.54 percent of U.S. households keep kosher homes and that there are
approximately 1,584 annual work-free hours (i.e., the weekly Sabbath
and the annual Jewish holidays). Applying these estimates to the number
of cooktops per household as estimated earlier in this section, and
estimating that, based on the relatively few cooktop models certified
as Sabbath-compliant \29\ and the greater availability of ovens with a
dedicated Sabbath mode that DOE estimates would be used in place of
cooktops on the Sabbath at least 75 percent of the time, DOE estimates
that 2.1 hours per year would be associated with Sabbath mode for
conventional cooktops. The calculation is as follows: 0.54 percent
(percent of U.S. households that observe kosher practices) x 1,584
hours (annual work-free hours per year) x 1 (conventional cooktops per
household) x 25 percent (percent of times that cooktops would be used
on the Sabbath in place of or in addition to using an oven) = 2.1 hours
per year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\29\ For information on requirements for Sabbath-compliant
cooktops and a list of cooktops certified as Sabbath-compliant,
please visit: http://www.star-k.com/cons-appl.htm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The remaining 8,546.9 annual hours not associated with active or
Sabbath mode are allocated to off and inactive modes (8,760 annual
hours - 211 active mode hours - 2.1 Sabbath mode hours). The hours for
the relevant modes and estimates of power input and energy are
summarized in Table III.7. The approximate wattage associated with off/
inactive mode was determined from internal testing conducted by DOE on
eight conventional cooktops.\30\ For active mode, the typical average
power level is calculated by dividing the annual energy consumption of
a baseline efficiency model electric smooth cooktop (EF of 0.742 and
annual energy consumption of 128.2 kWh per year) by 211 active hours
which equals 608 W. Electric smooth cooktops were determined to be the
predominant conventional electric cooktop product class as part of the
November 2007 ANOPR. (See the ANOPR national impacts analysis (NIA)
spreadsheet tool for cooktops and ovens on DOE's Web site at: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/cooking_products_anopr_tools.html). For Sabbath mode, in which the
cooktop burners or heating elements must not be turned on, off, or
adjusted during the Sabbath period, DOE estimates that the burners will
be set at no more than 25 percent of the heating input associated with
active mode, due to safety considerations during such long-duration
use. Although the hours per mode presented in this table are estimates
based on limited study data, DOE believes that energy patterns
illustrated in this table are representative for most conventional
cooktops, because Sabbath mode hours would be a small percentage of
annual hours and the off/inactive power levels are based on DOE test
measurements.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\30\ See ``Standby and Off Mode Power Measurements.pdf,''
included as entry No. 3 in the docket for this rulemaking.
Table III.7--Estimate of Annual Energy Use of Conventional Cooktop Modes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mode Hours Typical power (W) Annual energy use (kWh)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active................................ 211 608........................ 128.2.
Sabbath............................... * 2.1 152 **..................... 0.33.
Off/Inactive.......................... 8,546.9 0 to 3.13.................. 0 to 26.73.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* 1,584 (yearly work-free hours) x 1 (conventional cooktops per household) x 0.54 percent (percent of U.S.
households that observe kosher practices) x 25 percent (percent of times that cooktops would be used on the
Sabbath in place of or in addition to using an oven) = 2.1 hours.
** 608 W (power in active mode) x 25 percent (percent of heating input that would be used during the Sabbath).
For the same reasons as discussed for conventional ovens, DOE
believes that Sabbath mode would be considered part of the active mode.
Therefore, DOE is not proposing amendments to the conventional cooktop
test procedure to define ``Sabbath mode'' or to measure power
consumption. However, the comparison of annual energy consumption shows
that energy use associated with Sabbath mode is insignificant, because
only a small number of hours are associated with this mode. DOE instead
proposes to allocate the Sabbath mode hours (which total 2.1 hours for
this example case) to the active mode (which would total 213.2 hours in
this example case).
As with conventional ovens, DOE believes there are few conventional
cooktops with electronic controls that have an additional mechanical
off switch. Therefore, DOE proposes that the combined inactive/off mode
hours would likely be allocated fully either to inactive or off mode,
depending on the type of controls present on the conventional cooktop.
For conventional cooktops for which both inactive mode and off mode are
present, DOE proposes to allocate half of the non-active hours each to
inactive and off modes. DOE welcomes comment and additional information
on the proposed approach for calculating energy use for standby and off
modes, including the decision to allocate all non-active mode hours to
off and inactive modes.
In summary, DOE proposes to determine conventional cooktop energy
use associated with standby mode and off mode by: (1) Calculating the
product
[[Page 75312]]
of wattage and allocated hours for all possible standby and off modes;
(2) summing the results; and (3) dividing the sum by 1,000 to convert
from Wh to kWh. DOE invites comments on this proposed methodology and
associated factors, including accuracy, allocation of annual hours, and
test burden.
c. Conventional Ranges
DOE investigated the hours and energy consumption associated with
each possible operating mode for conventional ovens, including
inactive, Sabbath, delay start, cycle finished, off, and active mode.
DOE notes that RECS only provides usage data for conventional ovens
and does not provide usage data for conventional ranges. As discussed
previously, DOE estimated based on the 2005 RECS that there are 211
active mode cooking cycles per year for conventional ovens, resulting
in 211 active mode hours per year. DOE also estimated that a
conventional cooktop is in the active mode for 211 hours per year. DOE
believes that the annual hours that a conventional range would be in
active mode would be the sum of the annual active mode hours for
conventional ovens and cooktops, which equals 422 hours. Since a range
is essentially a combination of an oven and a cooktop, DOE's rationale
is to combine the average values for these two components individually.
Therefore, for conventional ranges, DOE proposes to associate 422 hours
with active mode, and the remaining 8,338 hours of the year with the
other non-active modes. DOE welcomes information and data on such
average cycle times, as well as annual conventional range usage. RECS
does provide consumer usage data on how many conventional ranges are
used per household. Based on its analysis of the 2005 RECS data, DOE
estimates that 1.03 conventional ranges are used per household.
DOE is not aware of reliable consumer usage data for hours spent in
different standby and off modes for conventional ranges. DOE estimated
the time associated with Sabbath mode in conventional ranges based on
the percentage of Jewish households in the United States that observe
kosher practices at home (the households expected to use Sabbath mode),
the number of annual work-free days, and the number of conventional
ranges used per household. DOE believes this represents the population
of consumers which uses Sabbath mode features in a conventional range.
As was determined earlier for conventional ovens, DOE estimates that
about 0.54 percent of U.S. households keep kosher homes. As was
estimated for conventional ovens, DOE estimates 1,584 annual work-free
hours (i.e., the weekly Sabbath and the annual Jewish holidays).
Applying these estimates to the number of ranges per household, as
estimated earlier in this section, DOE estimates that 8.8 hours per
year would be associated with Sabbath mode for conventional ranges. The
calculation is as follows: 0.54 percent (percent of U.S. households
that observe kosher practices) x 1,584 hours (annual work-free hours
per year) x 1.03 (conventional ranges per household) = 8.8 hours per
year.
DOE analyzed a DOE survey of ranges currently available on the
market and estimated that 79 percent of conventional ranges are
equipped with a delay start function.\31\ DOE notes that conventional
ranges available on the market may offer a delay start function of up
to 24 hours. As it did for conventional ovens, DOE estimates this
function will be used on only 50 percent of conventional ranges so
equipped. DOE also estimates that consumers who use the delay start
function will use it for 5 percent of the cooking cycles associated
with the oven portion of the range and set it for a 12-hour delay start
period. (The 12-hour period is half of the maximum delay start time
available on conventional ranges.) Applying these estimates to all
conventional ranges and applying DOE's estimate of 211 oven cooking
cycles per year, DOE estimates that the average time a conventional
range is operating in delay start mode per cycle is 14.2 minutes, or
(14.2 minutes x 211 cycles per year) = 50 hours per year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\31\ See ``Range Modes.pdf,'' included as entry No. 5 in the
docket for this rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To estimate the annual time associated with cycle finished mode,
DOE assumes that, on average, conventional ranges remain in cycle
finished mode for 5 minutes after every cycle, resulting in (5 minutes
x 211 cycles per year) = 18 annual hours associated with cycle finished
mode.
The remaining 8,261.2 annual hours not associated with active,
Sabbath, delay start, or cycle finished mode are allocated to off and
inactive modes (8,760 annual hours - 422 active mode hours - 8.8
Sabbath mode hours - 50 delay start mode hours - 18 cycle finished mode
hours). The hours for the relevant modes and estimates of power input
and energy use are summarized in Table III.8. The approximate wattages
associated with each mode, other than active mode, were determined from
internal testing conducted by DOE on 21 conventional ranges.\32\ For
active mode, the typical average power level is based on the sum of the
typical power levels for conventional ovens and cooktops, as shown in
Table III.6 and Table III.7. While the hours per mode presented in this
table are estimates based on limited study data, DOE believes that
energy patterns illustrated in Table III.8 are representative for most
conventional ranges because Sabbath mode hours would be reasonably a
small percentage of annual hours and the non-active power levels are
based on DOE test measurements.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\32\ See ``Standby and Off Mode Power Measurements.pdf,''
included as entry No. 3 in the docket for this rulemaking.
Table III.8--Estimate of Annual Energy Use of Conventional Range Modes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mode Hours Typical power (W) Annual energy use (kWh)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active................................ 422 709........................ [dagger][dagger] 299.2.
Sabbath............................... * 8.8 3.72....................... 0.033.
Delay Start........................... ** 50 2.95....................... 0.148.
Cycle Finished........................ [dagger] 18 2.52....................... 0.045.
Off/Inactive.......................... 8,261.2 0 to 2.68.................. 0 to 22.14.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* 1,584 (yearly work-free hours) x 1.04 (conventional ranges per household) x 0.54 percent (percent of U.S.
households that observe kosher practices) = 8.8 hours.
[[Page 75313]]
** 79 percent (percentage of conventional ovens with delay start function) x 50 percent (percentage of machines
for which the delay start function is used) x 5 percent (for consumers that use the delay start function, the
percentage of cycles that the consumer would use this function) x 12 hours (average programmed duration of
delay start period) x 211 (annual oven portion cooking cycles) = 50 hours.
[dagger] 211 (annual oven portion cooking cycles) x 5 minutes (estimated cycle finished minutes per cycle) = 18
hours.
[dagger][dagger] 171 kWh (annual energy use for conventional ovens) + 128.2 kWh (annual energy use for
conventional cooktops) = 299.2 kWh.
As discussed for conventional ovens, DOE believes delay start mode
would not be considered part of standby mode, because it is not a mode
which may persist indefinitely. Instead, DOE believes delay start mode
to be a form of active mode. Therefore, DOE is not proposing amendments
to the conventional range test procedure to define ``delay start mode''
or to measure power consumption in this mode. However, the comparison
of annual energy consumption of different conventional oven ranges
shows that energy use associated with delay start mode is relatively
insignificant because only a small number of hours are associated with
this mode. In addition, the power levels in this mode are similar to
those for off/inactive modes for conventional ranges currently on the
market. For this reason, DOE proposes to allocate delay start mode
hours (which total 50 hours for this example case) to the inactive and
off modes (which would then total 8,367.5 hours in this example case).
Also, as discussed for conventional ovens, DOE believes that
Sabbath mode would be considered part of the active mode for
conventional ranges because, in this mode, the automatic shutoff for
the oven is overridden to allow for warming of pre-cooked foods during
such periods as the Jewish Sabbath. Therefore, DOE is not proposing
amendments to the conventional cooking products test procedure to
define ``Sabbath mode'' or to measure power consumption in this mode.
However, the comparison of annual energy consumption shows that energy
use associated with Sabbath mode is insignificant because only a small
number of hours are associated with this mode. DOE instead proposes to
allocate the Sabbath mode hours (which total 8.8 hours for this example
case) to the active mode hours (which would then total 430.8 hours in
this example case.)
To determine the annual hours per mode for conventional ranges for
which not all standby modes are possible, DOE estimated values by
reallocating the hours for modes that are not present using the
allocations discussed previously. If cycle finished mode, which is
assumed to be a fixed value of 18 hours per year, is not possible, the
off/inactive mode hours would be 8,760 total hours - 430.8 active mode
hours = 8,329.2 hours. If cycle finished mode is possible, the off/
inactive mode hours would be 8,760 total hours - 430.8 active mode
hours - 18 cycle finished hours = 8,311.2 hours.
Also, for the same reasons as discussed for conventional ovens, DOE
proposes that, in most cases, the combined inactive/off mode hours
would be allocated fully either to inactive or off mode, depending on
the type of controls present on the conventional range. However, for
conventional ranges for which both inactive mode and off mode are
present, DOE proposes to allocate half of the non-active hours to
inactive mode and the other half to off mode. DOE welcomes comment and
additional information on the proposed approach for calculating energy
use for standby mode and off mode, including the decision to allocate
all non-active mode hours to off and inactive modes.
In summary, DOE proposes to determine conventional range energy use
associated with standby mode and off mode by: (1) Calculating the
product of wattage and allocated hours for all possible standby and off
modes; (2) summing the results; and (3) dividing the sum by 1,000 to
convert from Wh to kWh. DOE invites comments on this proposed
methodology and associated factors, including accuracy, allocation of
annual hours, and test burden. DOE may also consider adoption in the
final rule of the following alternative methodology based on comments
received.
The comparison of annual energy use of different conventional range
modes shows that cycle finished mode represents a relatively small
number of hours at a low power consumption level. For conventional
ranges currently on the market, these levels are distinct from but
comparable to those for off/inactive mode. Thus, DOE could adopt an
approach that would be limited to specifying the hours for only off/
inactive mode when calculating energy use associated with standby and
inactive/off modes. In that case, all of the non-active hours (8,329.2
hours total) would be allocated to the inactive/off mode. DOE invites
comment on whether such an alternative would be representative of the
standby mode and off mode power consumption of conventional ranges
currently on the market.
F. Measures of Energy Consumption
Under 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A), EPCA directs that when DOE amends
its test procedures to include standby mode and off mode energy
consumption for a covered product, DOE shall integrate such energy
consumption into the overall energy efficiency, energy consumption, or
other energy descriptor for each covered product, unless the Secretary
determines that: (i) The current test procedures for a covered product
already fully account for and incorporate the standby mode and off mode
energy consumption of the covered product; or (ii) such an integrated
test procedure is technically infeasible for a particular covered
product, in which case the Secretary shall prescribe a separate standby
mode and off mode energy use test procedure, if technically feasible.
In considering whether it is technically feasible to integrate
standby mode and off mode energy use into a combined metric along with
active mode energy use, DOE makes a case-by-case determination for the
product in question. One general principle which DOE considers in
making such determination is whether any mode of energy use would be so
large as to overwhelm the other for standard-setting purposes. Although
it may be possible to measure energy use in each mode with a
substantial degree of precision, in some cases there may be very large
differences in energy use in active mode versus standby/off modes, such
that the effects of the lesser mode would not be reflected within the
precision of the regulatory metric. In such cases, DOE believes that
disparities in levels of energy use between the different modes may be
so great that a combined metric would not be technically feasible, so a
separate metric for standby mode and off mode would be warranted. In
contrast, where the standby mode and off mode energy use is of a
magnitude that it would materially affect that standard-setting process
without overwhelming the effects of differing levels of active mode
energy use, a combined metric would be meaningful and will be adopted
as required by the EISA 2007 amendments to EPCA.
DOE analyzed whether the existing measures of energy consumption
for dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products can
be
[[Page 75314]]
combined with standby mode and off mode energy use to form a single
metric. DOE's tentative conclusions resulting from this inquiry are
presented below.
1. Dishwashers
The DOE test procedure for dishwashers currently incorporates
various measures of energy and water consumption. These include per-
cycle machine electrical energy consumption, per-cycle energy
consumption from drying dishes after termination of the last rinse
cycle, per-cycle water consumption, per-cycle water heating energy
consumption (for electrically-heated, gas-heated, or oil-heated water),
and annual standby energy consumption. (See 10 CFR part 430, subpart B,
appendix C, sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, and 5.6 for details.) The test
procedure also provides a calculation for EAEU, EAOC, and EF. The
current standards are based on EAEU, which incorporates a simplified
measure of standby energy consumption. (10 CFR 430.32(f)(2))
Because the dishwasher test procedure already combines measures of
active mode energy consumption and standby mode energy use to derive an
overall ``energy efficiency measure,'' DOE believes it is technically
feasible to incorporate standby mode and off mode energy consumption
into the overall energy efficiency descriptor, which is the EAEU.
Furthermore, DOE notes that the analysis of overall energy use for
dishwashers presented in section III.E shows that the standby mode and
off mode energy use is of a magnitude that it would materially affect
that standard-setting process without overwhelming the effects of
differing levels of active mode energy use . Therefore, a combined
measure of energy efficiency for dishwashers is a meaningful measure.
As discussed in section III.B, DOE is proposing amendments to the
testing methods to fully account for standby mode and off mode energy
consumption for dishwashers. Because it is proposing those amendments,
DOE also proposes to amend the calculation of EAEU to incorporate the
revised measures of standby mode and off mode energy consumption. The
revised EAEU metric would satisfy the EPCA requirement to integrate
standby mode and off mode energy consumption into the overall energy
consumption metric. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
As noted in section I, EPCA requires that DOE must determine to
what extent, if any, a proposed test procedure would alter the measured
energy efficiency of any covered product as determined under the
existing test procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1)) The current DOE
dishwasher test procedure defines ``standby mode'' as the ``lowest
power consumption mode which cannot be switched off or influenced by
the user * * *'' 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix C, section 1.14.
DOE is proposing to measure an additional standby mode (i.e., cycle
finished mode). However, the proposed amendments would clarify that the
provisions related to the new measures of energy consumption in standby
mode and off mode would not be required to be used by manufacturers
until the compliance date of any amended dishwasher standards
addressing standby mode and off mode energy use. Therefore, the
proposed amendments to the dishwasher test procedure regarding standby
mode and off mode would not alter the measured efficiency of any
covered product under the existing test procedure.
As part of the final rule for the DOE dishwasher test procedure
published in the Federal Register on August 29, 2003, DOE also revised
the test procedure to include standby energy use in the EAOC
calculation, and DOE notes that this amendment was supported by
interested parties. 68 FR 51887, 51892-93. Because the current
dishwasher test procedure already incorporates standby energy use in
the EAOC, DOE believes that it is technically feasible to incorporate
both standby mode and off mode energy use into the EAOC. Therefore, DOE
proposes to amend the EAOC calculation to incorporate the revised
measures of standby mode and off mode energy consumption.
The current dishwasher test procedure also includes a calculation
of EF. EF is expressed in cycles per kWh and equals the inverse of the
per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption minus half of the
drying energy consumption.\33\ DOE notes that the current EF metric
does not include standby mode energy use. For the final rule amending
the dishwasher test procedure published on August 29, 2003, DOE amended
only the EAEU and EAOC calculations to include standby power
consumption. DOE did not include standby power consumption in the EF
calculation because, as defined in the test procedure, the EF: (1)
Represents the amount of energy used during a cycle, and (2) standby
power is energy consumed outside the wash cycle of a dishwasher and is,
therefore, not a parameter in the EF calculation. 68 FR 51887, 51893.
For these same reasons, and because the existing energy conservation
standard is based on EAEU, DOE is not proposing changes to the EF
calculation to include standby mode and off mode energy consumption.
DOE expects that the annual energy use metric would continue to be the
basis for energy conservation standards when they are next amended.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\33\ The drying energy consumption for dishwashers is the energy
consumed using the power-dry feature after the termination of the
last rinse option of the normal cycle.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The dishwasher test procedure currently provides instructions for
rounding EAOC to the nearest dollar per year. 10 CFR 430.23(c)(1).
However, no instructions are provided for rounding the final values of
EF, EAEU, or water consumption per cycle (the latter two of which are
the metrics for the current dishwasher energy conservation standards),
nor the contributory measurements and interim calculations. This lack
of specificity for rounding may lead to uncertainty in the reported
metrics or to discrepancies among test laboratories for the same
product, resulting in difficulty for regulated entities to ascertain,
certify, and report compliance with the existing standards. Therefore,
DOE proposes to add instructions to 10 CFR 430.23(c) requiring that EF
be rounded to two decimal places, water consumption be rounded to one
decimal place, and EAEU be rounded to the nearest whole kWh/year.
2. Dehumidifiers
The DOE test procedure for dehumidifiers currently only
incorporates energy consumption in the form of EF (see 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B, appendix X for details). EF, defined as liters of water
removed from the air per kWh, is the metric for the current energy
conservation standards for dehumidifiers. (10 CFR 430.32(v)) The
current DOE test procedure for dehumidifiers does not account for
standby mode and off mode energy use.
As directed by EPCA, DOE analyzed whether standby mode and off mode
energy consumption could be integrated into the overall energy
efficiency metric. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) DOE notes that the
analysis of overall energy use for dehumidifiers presented in section
III.E indicates the standby mode and off mode energy use is of a
magnitude that it would materially affect that standard-setting process
without overwhelming the effects of differing levels of active mode
energy use. Therefore, a combined measure of energy efficiency for
dehumidifiers is a meaningful measure.
DOE proposes to establish the following measure of energy
consumption for dehumidifiers. The integrated energy factor (IEF)
measure accounts for the product's energy use in
[[Page 75315]]
standby mode and off mode, as well as the energy use of the product's
main functions. As discussed earlier, the current EF associated with
dehumidifiers is calculated based on the liters of water removed from
the air per kWh of energy consumed, as measured by a 24-hour test
cycle. 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix X, section 4. DOE notes
that the calculation of EF represents the liters of water removed from
the air per kWh of energy consumed over a given period of time, such as
the number of active mode hours per year. If the ratio of the annual
standby mode and off mode hours to the annual active mode hours is used
to apportion standby mode and off mode power consumption over the
active mode test period of one day, it is possible to calculate an IEF
that incorporates both the efficiency of water removal from the air and
the standby mode and off mode energy consumption. DOE proposes to
calculate IEF using the following calculation: (The liters of water
removed over the active mode test cycle)/((the active mode energy
consumption over the active mode test cycle) + ((the standby mode and
off mode annual energy consumption \34\ x 24 hours)/(the active mode
hours per year))).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\34\ The standby mode and off mode annual energy consumption is
equivalent to the average standby mode and off mode power multiplied
by the number of standby mode and off mode hours per year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 3 of the current dehumidifier test procedure provides
instructions for rounding EF to two decimal places. Section 3 also
states that measurements be recorded at the resolution of the test
instrumentation, and that calculations be rounded off to the same
number of significant digits as the previous step. 10 CFR part 30,
subpart B, appendix X. DOE is proposing to retain these same
instructions for EF in section 3.1 of the amended test procedure. DOE
is also proposing to round the IEF value in section 5.2 to two decimal
places.
3. Conventional Cooking Products
The DOE test procedures for conventional cooking tops, ovens, and
ranges currently incorporate various measures of energy consumption.
These include test energy consumption, annual cooking energy
consumption, annual energy consumption of any continuously-burning
pilot lights, annual self-cleaning energy consumption, annual clock
energy consumption, total annual energy consumption, and cooking
efficiency. (See 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix I for details.)
The test procedure also provides a calculation for EF \35\ and EAOC.
Although there are no current energy conservation standards based on
performance for conventional cooking products (see 10 CFR 430.32(j)),
historically, DOE's rulemaking analyses when considering standards have
used EF as the energy conservation metric for conventional cooking
products.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\35\ ``Energy factor'' is defined as the ratio of the annual
useful energy output to the total annual energy input.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE notes that the conventional cooking products test procedure
currently combines measures of energy consumption and narrow forms of
standby energy use, including continuously-operating clock and gas
standing pilot light energy consumption, to derive an overall ``energy
efficiency measure.'' Therefore, a combined measure of energy
efficiency for conventional cooking products has already been
demonstrated to be a workable and meaningful measure. For this reason,
DOE believes that it would be technically feasible to incorporate
standby mode and off mode energy consumption into the overall energy
efficiency descriptor (i.e., EF). Because DOE is proposing amendments
to fully account for standby mode and off mode energy consumption for
conventional cooking products, DOE proposes a combined metric
addressing active, standby, and off modes for conventional cooking
products, as explained in further detail below.
DOE proposes to establish the following measures of energy
consumption for conventional ovens. The measures integrate the
product's energy use in standby mode and off mode with energy use
during main functions of the products. For conventional electric ovens,
the ``integrated annual energy consumption'' will be defined as the sum
of the annual standby mode and off mode energy consumption, annual
primary cooking energy consumption, and annual primary self-cleaning
energy consumption, expressed in kWh. For conventional gas ovens that
use electrical energy, the ``integrated annual electrical energy
consumption'' will be defined as the sum of the annual standby mode and
off mode energy consumption, annual secondary cooking energy
consumption,\36\ and annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption,
expressed in kWh. For conventional electric ovens, IEF will be defined
as the (annual useful cooking energy output)/(integrated annual energy
consumption). For conventional gas ovens, IEF will be defined as the
(annual useful cooking energy output)/(annual gas energy consumption +
integrated annual electrical energy consumption). DOE also proposes to
include similar integrated annual energy consumption and IEF metrics
for section 4.1.2.6 of the cooking products test procedure regarding
multiple conventional ovens (i.e., cooking appliances that include more
than one conventional oven).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\36\ ``Secondary cooking energy consumption'' includes any
electrical energy consumption of a conventional gas cooking product
during active mode operation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE proposes to establish the following measures of energy
consumption for conventional cooktops. The measures integrate the
product's energy use in standby mode and off mode with energy use
during the main functions of the products. For conventional electric
cooktops, the ``integrated annual energy consumption'' will be defined
as the (annual standby mode and off mode energy consumption) + (annual
useful cooking energy output/conventional cooktop cooking efficiency),
expressed in kWh. For conventional gas cooktops, the ``integrated
annual electrical energy consumption'' will be defined as the sum of
the annual standby mode and off mode energy consumption, annual energy
consumption for cooking, and annual energy consumption of the gas
standing pilot light, expressed in kWh. For conventional electric
cooktops, IEF will be defined as the annual useful cooking energy
output divided by the electric cooktop integrated annual energy
consumption. For conventional gas cooktops, IEF will be defined as the
annual useful cooking energy output divided by the gas cooktop
integrated annual energy consumption.
DOE proposes to establish the following measures of energy
consumption for conventional kitchen ranges (i.e., a cooktop and oven
combined). The measures integrate the product's energy use in standby
mode and off mode with energy use during the main functions of the
products. ``Integrated annual energy consumption'' shall be the sum of
the annual cooking energy consumption of each of its components plus
the conventional range annual standby mode and off mode energy
consumption.\37\ The IEF of a
[[Page 75316]]
kitchen range shall be the sum of the annual useful cooking energy
output of each component divided by the sum of the integrated annual
energy consumption of each component.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\37\ DOE proposes to measure the standby mode and off mode
energy consumption for a conventional range as a single product and
to add the standby mode and off mode energy consumption separately
in the calculation of the integrated annual energy consumption. It
proposes this so that the standby mode and off mode power
consumption is not measured separately for each component (i.e.,
cooktop and oven) and then summed with the cooking annual energy
consumption, which would effectively double count the contribution
of standby mode and off mode energy consumption.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE is also proposing to amend the estimated annual energy cost
calculations in 10 CFR 430.23(i) to include the cost of energy consumed
in standby mode and off mode for conventional cooking products because,
as noted above, the current cooking products test procedure already
incorporates measures of narrow forms of standby energy use in the
EAOC. Thus, DOE believes that it is technically feasible to incorporate
both standby mode and off mode energy use into the EAOC and proposes to
amend the EAOC calculations to incorporate the revised measures of
standby mode and off mode energy consumption, thereby more accurately
representing the unit's EAOC.
The cooking products test procedure currently provides instructions
for rounding EAOC to the nearest dollar per year, and the cooking
efficiency and energy factor to three significant digits. 10 CFR
430.23(i)(1), (2), (4). DOE proposes to amend the test procedure to
provide similar instructions requiring that EAOC based on total
integrated annual electrical energy consumption be rounded to the
nearest dollar per year and IEF to three significant digits.
G. Compliance With Other EPCA Requirements
1. Test Burden
As noted previously, under 42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3), EPCA requires that
``[a]ny test procedures prescribed or amended under this section shall
be reasonably designed to produce test results which measure energy
efficiency, energy use * * * or estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative average use cycle or period of
use * * * and shall not be unduly burdensome to conduct.'' For the
reasons that follow, DOE has tentatively concluded that amending the
relevant DOE test procedures to incorporate clauses regarding test
conditions and methods found in IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition),
along with the proposed modifications, would produce the required test
results and would not result in any undue burdens.
The proposed amendments to the DOE test procedures incorporate a
test standard that is accepted internationally for measuring power
consumption in standby mode and off mode. Based on its analysis of IEC
Standard 62301 (First Edition), IEC Standard 62301 (CDV), and IEC
Standard 62301 (FDIS), DOE has determined that the proposed amendments
to the residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking
products test procedures will produce standby mode and off mode average
power consumption measurements that are representative of an average
use cycle. These measures will be representative both when the measured
power is stable and when it is unstable (i.e., when the measured power
varies by 5 percent or more during the proposed 30-minute stabilization
period.) Also, the test methods and equipment that the amendments would
require for measuring standby mode and off mode power in these products
are not substantially different from the test methods and equipment
required in the current DOE tests. Thus, the proposed test procedure
amendments would not require manufacturers to make significant
investments in test facilities and new equipment. Therefore, DOE has
tentatively concluded that the amended test procedures would produce
test results that measure the standby mode and off mode power
consumption during representative use, and that the test procedure
would not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
2. Potential Incorporation of IEC Standard 62087
Under 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A), EPCA directs DOE to consider IEC
Standard 62087 when amending test procedures to include standby mode
and off mode power measurements. As discussed in section III.C of this
notice, DOE reviewed IEC Standard 62087, ``Methods of measurement for
the power consumption of audio, video, and related equipment'' (Second
Edition 2008-09), and has tentatively determined that it would not be
applicable to measuring power consumption of electrical appliances such
as dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products.
Therefore, DOE has tentatively concluded that referencing IEC Standard
62087 is not necessary for the proposed amendments to the test
procedures that are the subject of this rulemaking.
3. Integration of Standby Mode and Off Mode Energy Consumption Into the
Efficiency Metrics
Under 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A), EPCA requires that standby mode and
off mode energy consumption be ``integrated into the overall energy
efficiency, energy consumption, or other energy descriptor for each
covered product'' unless the current test procedures already fully
account for the standby mode and off mode energy consumption or if such
an integrated test procedure is technically infeasible. For
dishwashers, DOE proposes to incorporate the standby mode and off mode
energy consumption into the test procedure's calculation of ``estimated
annual energy use'' and ``estimated annual operating cost,'' as
discussed in section III.F. For dehumidifiers, DOE proposes to
incorporate the standby mode and off mode energy consumption into an
IEF metric, as discussed in section III.F. For conventional cooking
products, DOE proposes to incorporate the standby mode and off mode
energy consumption into an ``integrated annual energy consumption,'' an
IEF, and ``estimated annual operating cost,'' as discussed in section
III.F of this notice.
EPCA further provides that test procedure amendments adopted to
comply with the new statutory requirements for standby mode and off
mode energy consumption shall not be used to determine compliance with
previously established standards. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(C)) Under this
provision, the test procedure amendments pertaining to standby mode and
off mode energy consumption that DOE proposes to adopt in this
rulemaking would not apply to, and would have no impact on, existing
standards.
Even though 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(C) clearly states that the test
procedure amendments for measurement of standby mode and off mode
energy consumption shall not apply to existing standards, DOE must
nonetheless determine the effect of such test procedure amendments on
measured energy efficiency, measured energy use, or measured water use
of any covered product, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1). This analysis
is provided below. However, no amendments to the energy conservation
standards will be required pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2), because
such test procedure amendments will not impact the existing energy
conservation standards until the compliance date of a subsequent final
rule that amends the standard to comprehensively address standby mode
and off mode energy consumption.
For dishwashers, the current energy conservation standards are
based on EAEU, which includes standby mode power consumption. Because
today's proposed amendments would revise the calculations for EAEU and
EAOC, both of which currently incorporate standby mode power to a
limited extent, DOE investigated how the proposed amendments would
affect the product's
[[Page 75317]]
measured efficiency. DOE believes the proposed changes to the
dishwasher testing methods for measuring standby mode and off mode
energy consumption do not vary significantly from the methods currently
in the DOE test procedure for measuring standby power and would not
alter the measured efficiency. DOE also believes that the proposed
revision to the definition of ``standby mode'' would be unlikely to
significantly affect the measured efficiency. Therefore, DOE believes
that the proposed amendments to the dishwasher test procedure would not
alter the measured efficiency. In addition, because the proposed
amendments would clarify that manufacturers would not be required to
use the provisions relating to standby mode and off mode energy use in
the EAEU to determine compliance with the energy conservation standard
until the compliance date of new dishwasher standard addressing standby
mode and off mode energy use, the proposed test procedure amendments
would not affect a manufacturer's ability to demonstrate compliance
with previously established standards for dishwashers.
For dehumidifiers, existing energy conservation standards are based
on EF, which would not be altered by the proposed test procedure
amendments. In addition, DOE notes that the new combined measure of
energy consumption (i.e., the integrated energy factor) which it is
proposing would not affect the existing standard. However, the test
procedure's amended provisions for standby mode and off mode would be a
requirement for demonstrating compliance with DOE's energy conservation
standards upon the effective date of a subsequent standards rulemaking
for dehumidifiers that accounts for standby mode and off mode power
consumption. Thus, the proposed test procedure amendments for
dehumidifiers comply with these EPCA requirements.
The current energy conservation standards for conventional cooking
products are prescriptive standards which ban standing pilot lights.
There are no current performance-based Federal energy conservation
standards for conventional cooking products (including energy use in
standby mode and off mode). Even so, the new combined measure of energy
consumption (i.e., the integrated annual energy consumption) which DOE
is proposing would not affect the existing annual energy consumption or
EF metrics. The cooking products test procedure's amended provisions
for standby mode and off mode would be a requirement for demonstrating
compliance with any new performance-based energy conservation standards
upon the effective date of a subsequent standards rulemaking for
conventional cooking products that accounts for standby mode and off
mode power consumption. Thus, the proposed test procedure amendments
for cooking products would not impact a manufacturer's ability to
certify compliance with existing requirements and, accordingly, comply
with these EPCA requirements.
H. Impact of the Proposed Amendments on EnergyGuide and ENERGY STAR
DOE considered potential impacts of the proposed test procedure
amendments to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) EnergyGuide
requirements and to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/DOE
ENERGY STAR voluntary labeling program and determined that there will
be no impact. For dishwashers, the primary indication of energy use
provided in the EnergyGuide label is EAEU and EAOC. In addition, the
ENERGY STAR program for dishwashers is based on the EAEU and water
consumption. As discussed in section III.G, DOE has clarified that the
proposed amended calculations for dishwasher EAEU and EAOC shall be
used for purposes other than demonstrating compliance with existing
energy conservation standards, including the EnergyGuide and ENERGY
STAR programs. Because, as also discussed in section III.G, the changes
in EAEU and EAOC due to the proposed amendments are expected to be
insignificant, DOE believes that there will be no measurable impact on
these programs. For dehumidifiers, there are currently no FTC
EnergyGuide labeling requirements, and the ENERGY STAR program is based
on EF, which will not be changed by the proposed amendments. For
conventional cooking products, there is currently no FTC EnergyGuide
labeling requirement or ENERGY STAR voluntary labeling program.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
Today's proposed rule action is not a ``significant regulatory
action'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory
Planning and Review,'' 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993). Accordingly, this
proposed action was not subject to review under the Executive Order by
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office
of Management and Budget (OMB).
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis for any rule
that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless the agency
certifies that the proposed rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE's procedures
and policies may be viewed on the Office of the General Counsel's Web
site (http://www.gc.doe.gov).
DOE reviewed today's proposed rule under the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies published on
February 19, 2003. The proposed rule would prescribe test procedure
amendments that would be used to determine compliance with energy
conservation standards for the products that are the subject of this
rulemaking.
The Small Business Administration (SBA) considers a business entity
to be a small business, if, together with its affiliates, it employs
less than a threshold number of workers specified in 13 CFR part 121.
The threshold values set forth in these regulations use size standards
and codes established by the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) that are available at: http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_sstd_tablepdf.pdf. The threshold
number for NAICS classification code 335228, titled ``Other Major
Household Appliance Manufacturing,'' is 500 employees; this
classification specifically includes residential dishwasher
manufacturers. Additionally, the threshold number for NAICS
classification code 335211, titled ``Electric Housewares and Household
Fan Manufacturing,'' is 750 employees; this classification specifically
includes manufacturers of residential dehumidifiers. Finally, the
threshold number for NAICS classification code 335221, titled
``Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing,'' is 750 employees; this
classification specifically includes manufacturers of residential
conventional cooking products.
Most of the manufacturers supplying residential dishwashers,
dehumidifiers,
[[Page 75318]]
and/or conventional cooking products are large multinational
corporations. DOE surveyed the AHAM member directory to identify
manufacturers of residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products. DOE then consulted publicly-available
data, purchased company reports from vendors such as Dun and
Bradstreet, and contacted manufacturers, where needed, to determine if
they meet the SBA's definition of a ``small business manufacturing
facility'' and have their manufacturing facilities located within the
United States. Based on this analysis, DOE estimates that there are two
small businesses that manufacture conventional cooking products and no
small businesses that manufacture dishwashers or dehumidifiers.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE has tentatively
concluded that the proposed rule would not have a significant impact on
either small or large manufacturers under the applicable provisions of
the Regulatory Flexibility Act. The proposed rule would amend DOE's
test procedures for dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional
cooking products by incorporating testing provisions to address standby
mode and off mode energy consumption that will be used to develop and
test compliance with future energy conservation standards. The test
procedure amendments involve measuring power input when the dishwasher,
dehumidifier, or conventional cooking product is in standby mode and
off mode. These tests can be conducted in the same facilities used for
the current energy testing of these products, but could also be
conducted in separate facilities consisting of little more than
temperature-controlled space, so there would be no additional
facilities costs required by the proposed rule. In addition, while the
power meter required for these tests might require greater accuracy
than the power meter used for current energy testing, the investment
required for a possible instrumentation upgrade would likely be
relatively modest. It is possible that the manufacturers, or their
testing facilities, already have equipment that meets the requirements
of IEC Standard 62301, but an Internet search of equipment that
specifically meets the requirements of IEC Standard 62301 reveals a
cost of approximately $2,700 to $3,000. This cost is small compared to
the overall financial investment needed to undertake the business
enterprise of testing consumer products which involves facilities,
qualified staff, and specialized equipment.
Furthermore, the duration of the standby mode and off mode testing
is generally not expected to exceed the time required to conduct
current energy testing. The requirements for equipment and time
necessary to conduct the additional proposed tests are not expected to
impose a significant economic burden on entities subject to the
applicable testing requirements.
For these reasons, DOE tentatively concludes and certifies that the
proposed rule would not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. Accordingly, DOE has not prepared
a regulatory flexibility analysis for this rulemaking. DOE will
transmit the certification and supporting statement of factual basis to
the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the SBA for review under 5 U.S.C.
605(b).
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
This rule contains a collection-of-information requirement subject
to the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) which has been approved by OMB
under Control Number 1910-1400. Public reporting burden for compliance
reporting for energy and water conservation standards is estimated to
average 30 hours per response, including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden
estimate, or any other aspect of this data collection, including
suggestions for reducing the burden, to DOE (see ADDRESSES) and by e-
mail to [email protected].
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this rulemaking, DOE proposes test procedure amendments that it
expects would be used to develop and implement future energy
conservation standards for residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products. DOE has determined that this rule falls
into a class of actions that are categorically excluded from review
under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
seq.) and DOE's implementing regulations at 10 CFR part 1021.
Specifically, this proposed rule would amend the existing test
procedures for these products without changing their environmental
effects, and, therefore, it is covered by the Categorical Exclusion in
10 CFR part 1021, subpart D, paragraph A5, which applies because this
rule would establish revisions to existing test procedures that would
not affect the amount, quality, or distribution of energy usage, and,
therefore, would not result in any environmental impacts. Accordingly,
neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact
statement is required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' imposes certain requirements
on agencies formulating and implementing policies or regulations that
preempt State law or that have Federalism implications. 64 FR 43255
(August 10, 1999). The Executive Order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States, and to carefully
assess the necessity for such actions. The Executive Order also
requires agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful
and timely input by State and local officials in the development of
regulatory policies that have Federalism implications. On March 14,
2000, DOE published a statement of policy describing the
intergovernmental consultation process that it will follow in
developing such regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined this
proposed rule and determined that it would not have a substantial
direct effect on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government. EPCA governs
and prescribes Federal preemption of State regulations as to energy
conservation for the products that are the subject of today's proposed
rule. States can petition DOE for exemption from such preemption to the
extent, and based upon criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d))
Therefore, Executive Order 13132 requires no further action.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write
[[Page 75319]]
regulations to minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard
for affected conduct rather than a general standard; and (4) promote
simplification and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order
12988 specifically requires that Executive agencies make every
reasonable effort to ensure that the regulation clearly specifies the
following: (1) The preemptive effect, if any; (2) any effect on
existing Federal law or regulation; (3) a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction;
(4) the retroactive effect, if any; (5) definitions of key terms; and
(6) other important issues affecting clarity and general draftsmanship
under any guidelines issued by the Attorney General. Section 3(c) of
Executive Order 12988 requires Executive agencies to review regulations
in light of applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine
whether they are met or whether it is unreasonable to meet one or more
of them. DOE has completed the required review and determined that, to
the extent permitted by law, this proposed rule meets the relevant
standards of Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (Pub.
L. 104-4; 2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) requires each Federal agency to assess
the effects of Federal regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal
governments and the private sector. For a proposed regulatory action
likely to result in a rule that may cause the expenditure by State,
local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private
sector, of $100 million or more in any one year (adjusted annually for
inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a Federal agency to publish
estimates of the resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the
national economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) UMRA also requires a Federal
agency to develop an effective process to permit timely input by
elected officers of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed
``significant intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan
for giving notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially
affected small governments before establishing any requirements that
might significantly or uniquely affect such governments. On March 18,
1997, DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820. (The policy is
also available at http://www.gc.doe.gov.) Today's proposed rule
contains neither an intergovernmental mandate nor a mandate that may
result in an expenditure of $100 million or more in any year, so these
requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
Today's proposed rule would not have any impact on the autonomy or
integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
Pursuant to Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental Actions and
Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights,'' 53 FR
8859 (March 18, 1988), DOE has determined that this proposed regulation
would not result in any takings that might require compensation under
the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (Pub. L. 106-554; 44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies
to review most disseminations of information to the public under
guidelines established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines
issued by OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22,
2002), and DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7,
2002). DOE has reviewed today's notice under the OMB and DOE guidelines
and has concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in
those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OIRA
a Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed significant energy
action. A ``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an
agency that promulgates or is expected to lead to promulgation of a
final rule, and that: (1) Is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any proposed significant energy action,
the agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on
energy supply, distribution, or use if the proposal is implemented, and
of reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use. Today's proposed regulatory
action to amend the test procedures for residential dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products to address standby
mode and off mode energy use is not a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866 or any successor order. It would not have a
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy. Moreover, it has not been designated by the Administrator of
OIRA as a significant energy action. Therefore, it is not a significant
energy action, and, accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of
Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the DOE Organization Act (Pub. L. 95-91; 42
U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), DOE must comply with section 32 of the Federal
Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal Energy
Administration Authorization Act of 1977 (FEAA). (15 U.S.C. 788)
Section 32 essentially provides that, where a proposed rule authorizes
or requires use of commercial standards, the rulemaking must inform the
public of the use and background of such standards. In addition,
section 32(c) requires DOE to consult with the Attorney General and the
Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) concerning the impact of
the commercial or industry standards on competition.
The proposed modifications to test procedures addressed by this
proposed rule incorporate testing methods contained in the commercial
standard, IEC Standard 62301 ``Household electrical appliances--
Measurement of standby power.'' DOE has evaluated this standard and is
unable to conclude whether it fully complies with the requirements of
section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e., whether it was developed in a manner
that fully provides for public participation, comment, and review). DOE
will consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC
about the impact on competition of using the methods contained in this
standard before prescribing a final rule.
[[Page 75320]]
V. Public Participation
A. Attendance at the Public Meeting
The time, date, and location of the public meeting are listed in
the DATES and ADDRESSES sections at the beginning of this NOPR. To
attend the public meeting, please notify Ms. Brenda Edwards at (202)
586-2945. As explained in the ADDRESSES section, foreign nationals
visiting DOE Headquarters are subject to advance security screening
procedures.
B. Procedure for Submitting Requests To Speak
Any person who has an interest in the topics addressed in this
notice, or who is a representative of a group or class of persons that
has an interest in these issues, may request an opportunity to make an
oral presentation at the public meeting. Such persons may hand-deliver
requests to speak to the address shown in the ADDRESSES section at the
beginning of this notice between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays. Requests may also be sent by mail or
e-mail to Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building
Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW.,
Washington, DC 20585-0121, or [email protected]. Persons who
wish to speak should include with their request a computer diskette or
CD-ROM in WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII) file format
that briefly describes the nature of their interest in this rulemaking
and the topics they wish to discuss. Such persons should also provide a
daytime telephone number where they can be reached.
DOE requests persons selected to make an oral presentation to
submit an advance copy of their statements at least one week before the
public meeting. DOE may permit persons who cannot supply an advance
copy of their statement to participate, if those persons have made
advance alternative arrangements with the Building Technologies
Program. As necessary, requests to give an oral presentation should ask
for such alternative arrangements.
C. Conduct of the Public Meeting
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the public meeting
and may also use a professional facilitator to aid discussion. The
meeting will not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing, but
DOE will conduct it in accordance with section 336 of EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6306). There shall not be discussion of proprietary information, costs
or prices, market share, or other commercial matters regulated by U.S.
anti-trust laws. A court reporter will be present to record the
proceedings and prepare a transcript.
The public meeting will be conducted in an informal, conference
style. DOE reserves the right to schedule the order of presentations
and to establish the procedures governing the conduct of the public
meeting. DOE will present summaries of comments received before the
public meeting, allow time for presentations by participants, and
encourage all interested parties to share their views on issues
affecting this rulemaking. Each participant will be allowed to make a
prepared general statement (within time limits determined by DOE),
before the discussion of specific topics. DOE will permit other
participants to comment briefly on any general statements. At the end
of all prepared statements on each specific topic, DOE will permit
participants to clarify their statements briefly and comment on
statements made by others.
Participants should be prepared to answer DOE's and other
participants' questions. DOE representatives may also ask participants
about other matters relevant to this rulemaking. The official
conducting the public meeting will accept additional comments or
questions from those attending, as time permits. The presiding official
will announce any further procedural rules or modification of these
procedures that may be needed for the proper conduct of the public
meeting. After the public meeting, interested parties may submit
further comments on the proceedings as well as on any aspect of the
rulemaking until the end of the comment period.
DOE will make the entire record of this proposed rulemaking,
including the transcript from the public meeting, available for
inspection at the U.S. Department of Energy, 6th Floor, 950 L'Enfant
Plaza, SW., Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, between 9 a.m. and 4
p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Copies of the
transcript will be posted on the DOE Web site and will also be
available for purchase from the transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and information regarding the
proposed rule before or after the public meeting, but no later than the
date provided at the beginning of this notice. Comments, data, and
information submitted to DOE's e-mail address for this rulemaking
should be provided in WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, PDF, or text (ASCII)
file format. Stakeholders should avoid the use of special characters or
any form of encryption, and wherever possible, comments should include
the electronic signature of the author. Comments, data, and information
submitted to DOE via mail or hand delivery/courier should include one
signed paper original. No telefacsimiles (faxes) will be accepted.
Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any person submitting information that
he or she believes to be confidential and exempt by law from public
disclosure should submit two copies: One copy of the document that
includes all of the information believed to be confidential, and one
copy of the document with that information deleted. DOE will make its
own determination as to the confidential status of the information and
treat it accordingly.
Factors of interest to DOE when evaluating requests to treat
submitted information as confidential include: (1) A description of the
items; (2) whether and why such items are customarily treated as
confidential within the industry; (3) whether the information is
generally known by or available from other sources; (4) whether the
information was previously made available to others without obligation
concerning its confidentiality; (5) an explanation of the competitive
injury to the submitting person that would result from public
disclosure; (6) when such information might lose its confidential
character due to the passage of time; and (7) why disclosure of the
information would be contrary to the public interest.
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although comments are welcome on all aspects of this rulemaking,
DOE is particularly interested in receiving comments and views of
interested parties on the following issues:
1. Incorporation of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition). DOE invites
comment on the adequacy of IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition) to
measure standby mode and off mode power consumption for residential
dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products, and the
suitability of incorporating into DOE regulations the following
specific provisions from IEC Standard 62301 (First Edition): section 4
(``General conditions for measurements''), paragraph 4.2, ``Test
room,'' paragraph 4.4, ``Supply voltage waveform,'' and paragraph 4.5,
``Power measurement accuracy,'' and section 5 (``Measurements''),
paragraph 5.1, ``General,'' and paragraph 5.3, ``Procedure.'' (See
section III.B)
2. Mode definitions. DOE welcomes comment on the proposed
definitions of
[[Page 75321]]
``standby mode,'' ``off mode,'' and ``active mode,'' which are based on
the definitions provided in IEC Standard 62301 (FDIS). (See section
III.C)
3. Dishwasher standby and off modes. DOE invites comment on the
proposed establishment of inactive mode and cycle finished mode as
standby modes for dishwashers and the determination that ``delay start
mode'' would not be considered a standby mode. DOE further invites
comment as to whether there are any modes consistent with the ``active
mode,'' ``standby mode,'' or ``off mode'' definitions that have not
been identified in this NOPR and the extent to which these modes would
represent significant energy use. (See section III.C)
4. Dehumidifier standby and off modes. DOE invites comment on the
proposed establishment of inactive mode, off-cycle mode, and bucket
full/removed mode as standby modes for dehumidifiers and the
determination that ``delay start mode'' would not be considered a
standby mode. DOE further invites comment as to whether there are any
modes consistent with the ``active mode,'' ``standby mode,'' or ``off
mode'' definitions that have not been identified in this NOPR and the
extent to which these modes would represent significant energy use.
(See section III.C)
5. Conventional cooking products standby and off modes. DOE invites
comment on the proposed establishment of inactive mode and cycle
finished mode as standby modes for conventional cooking products and
the determination that ``delay start mode'' and ``Sabbath mode'' would
not be considered a standby mode. DOE further invites comment as to
whether there are any modes consistent with the ``active mode,''
``standby mode,'' or ``off mode'' definitions that have not been
identified in this NOPR and the extent to which these modes would
represent significant energy use. (See section III.C)
6. Network mode. DOE welcomes comment on whether dishwashers,
dehumidifiers, and conventional cooking products are currently
available that incorporate a networking function and whether a
definition for ``network mode'' and related testing procedures should
be incorporated into the DOE test procedure. DOE also requests comment
on appropriate methodologies for measuring energy consumption in a
network mode for these products, and data on the results and
repeatability of such testing methodology. (See section III.C)
7. Default settings. DOE welcomes comment on the suitability of
using product default settings in testing standby energy consumption,
on any methodologies that can account for consumer actions that might
increase energy use, and data on the repeatability of such testing
procedures. (See section III.D)
8. Test room ambient temperature. DOE seeks comment on the
appropriateness of the proposed modified test room ambient temperature
range for residential dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and conventional
cooking products, which would allow manufacturers to conduct standby
mode and off mode testing separately from performance testing under the
less stringent ambient conditions specified in the IEC Standard 62301
(First Edition) (i.e., 73.4 9 [deg]F). (See section III.D)
9. Test period. DOE seeks comment on whether a method in which the
clock time on conventional cooking products would be set to 3:23 prior
to a 10-minute stabilization period, followed by a 10-minute
measurement period commencing at 3:33 would be an acceptable
alternative to the method that DOE is proposing (i.e., a 10-minute
initial stabilization period, after which the clock would be set to
3:23 and another 10-minute stabilization period provided before a 10-
minute measurement starting at a clock time of 3:33). DOE also requests
comment on its proposed approach requiring results under the 12-hour
test and the 10-minute test to be within 2 percent of each
other and welcomes data which would show that some other range is more
appropriate.
10. Energy use calculation for standby mode and off mode. DOE
invites comment on the approach for calculating total energy use for
standby mode and off mode for dishwashers, dehumidifiers, and
conventional cooking products. DOE also invites comment on the
allocation of annual hours and test burden, as well as the alternative
methodology for allocation of annual hours for each product. (See
section III.E)
11. New integrated measures of energy consumption and energy
efficiency. DOE invites comment on the proposed plan to establish new
integrated measures of energy consumption for dehumidifiers
(``integrated annual energy consumption'') and conventional cooking
products (``integrated energy factor''). DOE also invites comment on
the proposed plan to modify the existing ``estimated annual energy
use'' for dishwashers and ``estimated annual operating cost'' metrics
for dishwashers and conventional cooking products to incorporate the
revised measurements of standby mode and off mode energy consumption.
(See section III.F)
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this notice of
proposed rulemaking.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Issued in Washington, DC, on November 18, 2010.
Cathy Zoi,
Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE proposes to amend part
430 of Chapter II, Subchapter D of Title 10 of the Code of Federal
Regulations, as set forth below:
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
1. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
Sec. 430.3 [Amended]
2. Section 430.3 is amended in paragraph (l)(1) by removing
``Appendix N'' and adding in its place ``Appendix C, Appendix D,
Appendix F, Appendix I, Appendix J1, and Appendix N''.
3. Section 430.23 is amended by revising paragraphs (c), (i) and
(z) to read as follows:
Sec. 430.23 Test procedures for the measurement of energy and water
consumption.
* * * * *
(c) Dishwashers. (1) The Estimated Annual Operating Cost (EAOC) for
dishwashers must be rounded to the nearest dollar per year and is
defined as follows:
(i) When cold water (50 [deg]F) is used,
(A)(1) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined
in section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart, and which are
manufactured before May 31, 2011:
EAOC = (De x S) + (De x N x (M - (ED/
2)))
(2) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart, and which are manufactured
on or after May 31, 2011:
EAOC = (De x ETSO) + (De x N x (M -
(ED/2)))
[[Page 75322]]
(B)(1) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle, and
which are manufactured before May 31, 2011:
EAOC = (De x S) + (De x N x M)
(2) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle, and which
are manufactured on or after May 31, 2011:
EAOC = (De x ETSO) + (De x N x M)
Where,
De = the representative average unit cost of electrical
energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour, as provided by the Secretary,
S = the simplified annual standby electrical energy in kilowatt-
hours per year and determined according to section 5.6 of appendix C
to this subpart,
ETSO = the annual standby mode and off mode electrical
energy in kilowatt-hours per year and determined according to
section 5.7 of appendix C to this subpart,
N = the representative average dishwasher use of 215 cycles per
year,
M = the machine electrical energy consumption per-cycle for the
normal cycle as defined in section 1.10 of appendix C to this
subpart, in kilowatt-hours and determined according to section 5.1
of appendix C to this subpart,
ED = the drying energy consumption defined as energy
consumed using the power-dry feature after the termination of the
last rinse option of the normal cycle and determined according to
section 5.2 of appendix C to this subpart.
(ii) When electrically-heated water (120 [deg]F or 140 [deg]F) is
used,
(A)(1) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined
in section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart, and which are
manufactured before May 31, 2011:
EAOC = (De x S) + (De x N x (M - (ED/
2))) + (De x N x W)
(2) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart, and which are manufactured
on or after May 31, 2011:
EAOC = (De x ETSO) + (De x N x (M -
(ED/2))) + (De x N x W)
(B)(1) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle, and
which are manufactured before May 31, 2011:
EAOC = (De x S) + (De x N x M) + (De x
N x W)
(2) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle, and which
are manufactured on or after May 31, 2011:
EAOC = (De x ETSO) + (De x N x M) +
(De x N x W)
Where,
De, S, ETSO, N, M, and ED, are
defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, and
W = the total water energy consumption per cycle for the normal
cycle as defined in section 1.10 of appendix C to this subpart, in
kilowatt-hours per cycle and determined according to section 5.4 of
appendix C to this subpart.
(iii) When gas-heated or oil-heated water is used,
(A)(1) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined
in section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart, and which are
manufactured before May 31, 2011:
EAOCg = (De x S) + (De x N x (M -
(ED/2))) + (Dg x N x Wg)
(2) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart, and which are manufactured
on or after May 31, 2011:
EAOCg = (De x ETSO) + (De x
N x (M - (ED/2))) + (Dg x N x Wg)
(B)(1) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle, and
which are manufactured before May 31, 2011:
EAOCg = (De x S) + (De x N x M) +
(Dg x N x Wg)
(2) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle, and which
are manufactured on or after May 31, 2011:
EAOCg = (De x ETSO) + (De x
N x M) + (Dg x N x Wg)
Where,
De, S, ETSO, N, M, and ED are
defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section,
Dg = the representative average unit cost of gas or oil,
as appropriate, in dollars per Btu, as provided by the Secretary,
and
Wg = the total water energy consumption per cycle for the
normal cycle as defined in section 1.10 of appendix C to this
subpart, in Btus per cycle and determined according to section 5.5
of appendix C to this subpart.
(2) The energy factor for dishwashers, EF, expressed in cycles per
kilowatt-hour must be rounded to two decimal places and is defined as
follows:
(i) When cold water (50 [deg]F) is used,
(A) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart,
EF = 1/(M - (ED/2))
(B) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle,
EF = 1/M
Where,
M, and ED are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section.
(ii) When electrically-heated water (120 [deg]F or 140 [deg]F) is
used,
(A) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart,
EF = 1/(M - (ED/2) + W)
(B) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle,
EF = 1/(M + W)
Where,
M, and ED are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section, and W is defined in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(3) The estimated annual energy use, EAEU, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per year must be rounded to the nearest kilowatt-hour per year
and is defined as follows:
(i) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart, and which are:
(A) Manufactured before May 31, 2011; or
(B)(1) Manufactured on or after May 31, 2011 and for which EAEU is
calculated to determine compliance with energy conservation standards
for dishwashers:
EAEU = (M - (ED/2) + W) x N + S
(2) For dishwashers having a truncated normal cycle as defined in
section 1.21 of appendix C to this subpart, and which are manufactured
on or after May 31, 2011 and for which EAEU is calculated for purposes
other than to determine compliance with energy conservation standards
for dishwashers:
EAEU = (M - (ED/2) + W) x N + ETSO
Where,
M, ED, N, S, and ETSO are defined in
paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, and W is defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(ii) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle and which
are:
(A) Manufactured before May 31, 2011; or
(B)(1) Manufactured on or after May 31, 2011 and for which EAEU is
calculated to determine compliance with energy conservation standards
for dishwashers:
EAEU = (M + W) x N + S
(2) For dishwashers not having a truncated normal cycle and which
are manufactured on or after May 31, 2011 and for which EAEU is
calculated for purposes other than to determine compliance with energy
conservation standards for dishwashers:
EAEU = (M + W) x N + ETSO
Where,
M, N, S, and ETSO are defined in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of
this section, and W is defined in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this
section.
(4) The water consumption, V, expressed in gallons per cycle and
defined in section 5.3 of appendix C to this subpart, must be rounded
to one decimal place.
(5) Other useful measures of energy consumption for dishwashers are
those which the Secretary determines are likely to assist consumers in
making purchasing decisions and which are
[[Page 75323]]
derived from the application of appendix C to this subpart.
* * * * *
(i) Kitchen ranges and ovens. (1) The estimated annual operating
cost for conventional ranges, conventional cooking tops, and
conventional ovens shall be the sum of the following products:
(i) The total integrated annual electrical energy consumption for
any electrical energy usage, in kilowatt-hours (kWh's) per year, times
the representative average unit cost for electricity, in dollars per
kWh, as provided pursuant to section 323(b)(2) of the Act; plus
(ii) The total annual gas energy consumption for any natural gas
usage, in British thermal units (Btu's) per year, times the
representative average unit cost for natural gas, in dollars per Btu,
as provided pursuant to section 323(b)(2) of the Act; plus
(iii) The total annual gas energy consumption for any propane
usage, in Btu's per year, times the representative average unit cost
for propane, in dollars per Btu, as provided pursuant to section
323(b)(2) of the Act. The total annual energy consumption for
conventional ranges, conventional cooking tops, and conventional ovens
shall be as determined according to sections 4.3, 4.2.2, and 4.1.2,
respectively, of appendix I to this subpart. For conventional gas
cooking tops, total integrated annual electrical energy consumption
shall be equal to ECTSO, defined in section 4.2.2.2.4 of
appendix I to this subpart. The estimated annual operating cost shall
be rounded off to the nearest dollar per year.
(2) The cooking efficiency for conventional cooking tops and
conventional ovens shall be the ratio of the cooking energy output for
the test to the cooking energy input for the test, as determined
according to 4.2.1 and 4.1.3, respectively, of appendix I to this
subpart. The final cooking efficiency values shall be rounded off to
three significant digits.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) The energy factor for conventional ranges, conventional cooking
tops, and conventional ovens shall be the ratio of the annual useful
cooking energy output to the total annual energy input, as determined
according to 4.3, 4.2.3.1, and 4.1.4.1, respectively, of appendix I to
this subpart. The final energy factor values shall be rounded off to
three significant digits.
(5) The integrated energy factor for conventional ranges,
conventional cooking tops, and conventional ovens shall be the ratio of
the annual useful cooking energy output to the total integrated annual
energy input, as determined according to 4.3, 4.2.3.2, and 4.1.4.2,
respectively, of appendix I to this subpart. The final integrated
energy factor values shall be rounded off to three significant digits.
(6) There shall be two estimated annual operating costs, two
cooking efficiencies, and two energy factors for convertible cooking
appliances--
(i) An estimated annual operating cost, a cooking efficiency, and
an energy factor which represent values for those three measures of
energy consumption for the operation of the appliance with natural gas;
and
(ii) An estimated annual operating cost, a cooking efficiency, and
an energy factor which represent values for those three measures of
energy consumption for the operation of the appliance with LP-gas.
(7) There shall be two integrated energy factors for convertible
cooking appliances--
(i) An integrated energy factor which represents the value for this
measure of energy consumption for the operation of the appliance with
natural gas; and
(ii) An integrated energy factor which represents the value for
this measure of energy consumption for the operation of the appliance
with LP-gas.
(8) The estimated annual operating cost for convertible cooking
appliances which represents natural gas usage, as described in
paragraph (i)(6)(i) of this section, shall be determined according to
paragraph (i)(1) of this section using the total annual gas energy
consumption for natural gas times the representative average unit cost
for natural gas.
(9) The estimated annual operating cost for convertible cooking
appliances which represents LP-gas usage, as described in paragraph
(i)(6)(ii) of this section, shall be determined according to paragraph
(i)(1) of this section using the representative average unit cost for
propane times the total annual energy consumption of the test gas,
either propane or natural gas.
(10) The cooking efficiency for convertible cooking appliances
which represents natural gas usage, as described in paragraph (i)(6)(i)
of this section, shall be determined according to paragraph (i)(2) of
this section when the appliance is tested with natural gas.
(11) The cooking efficiency for convertible cooking appliances
which represents LP-gas usage, as described in paragraph (i)(6)(ii) of
this section, shall be determined according to paragraph (i)(2) of this
section, when the appliance is tested with either natural gas or
propane.
(12) The energy factor for convertible cooking appliances which
represents natural gas usage, as described in paragraph (i)(6)(i) of
this section, shall be determined according to paragraph (i)(4) of this
section when the appliance is tested with natural gas.
(13) The integrated energy factor for convertible cooking
appliances which represents natural gas usage, as described in
paragraph (i)(7)(i) of this section, shall be determined according to
paragraph (i)(5) of this section when the appliance is tested with
natural gas.
(14) The energy factor for convertible cooking appliances which
represents LP-gas usage, as described in paragraph (i)(6)(ii) of this
section, shall be determined according to paragraph (i)(4) of this
section when the appliance is tested with either natural gas or
propane.
(15) The integrated energy factor for convertible cooking
appliances which represents LP-gas usage, as described in paragraph
(i)(7)(ii) of this section, shall be determined according to paragraph
(i)(5) of this section when the appliance is tested with natural gas or
propane.
(16) Other useful measures of energy consumption for conventional
ranges, conventional cooking tops, and conventional ovens shall be
those measures of energy consumption which the Secretary determines are
likely to assist consumers in making purchasing decisions and which are
derived from the application of appendix I to this subpart.
* * * * *
(z) Dehumidifiers. (1) The energy factor for dehumidifiers,
expressed in liters per kilowatt hour (L/kWh), shall be measured in
accordance with section 4.1 of appendix X of this subpart.
(2) The integrated energy factor for dehumidifiers, expressed in L/
kWh, shall be determined according to paragraph 5.2 of appendix X to
this subpart.
* * * * *
4. Appendix C to subpart B of part 430 is amended by:
a. Revising the introductory text;
b. Revising section 1. Definitions:
c. In section 2. Testing Conditions:
1. Revising section 2.1;
2. Adding new section 2.2.3;
3. Revising section 2.5;
4. Adding new sections 2.5.1 and 2.5.2;
5. Revising sections 2.6.3.1 through 2.6.3.3;
6. Revising sections 2.8 through 2.10;
d. In section 3. Instrumentation, adding new section 3.8;
e. In section 4, Test Cycle and Measurements:
[[Page 75324]]
1. Revising section 4.4;
2. Adding new sections 4.5 and 4.5.1 through 4.5.3;
f. In section 5, Calculation of Derived Results From Test
Measurements:
1. Revising section 5.6; and
2. Adding new section 5.7.
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers
Note: The procedures and calculations that refer to standby mode
and off mode energy consumption (i.e., sections 4.5, 4.5.1 through
4.5.3, and 5.7 of this Appendix C) need not be performed to
determine compliance with energy conservation standards for
dishwashers at this time. However, any representation related to
standby mode and off mode energy consumption of these products made
after May 31, 2011 must be based upon results generated under this
test procedure using sections 4.5, 4.5.1 through 4.5.3, and 5.7 and
disregarding sections 4.4 and 5.6, consistent with the requirements
of 42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2). After July 1, 2010, any adopted energy
conservation standard shall incorporate standby mode and off mode
energy consumption, and upon the compliance date for such standards,
compliance with the applicable provisions of this test procedure
will also be required.
1. Definitions
1.1 Active mode means a mode in which the dishwasher is
connected to a mains power source, has been activated, and is
performing one of the main functions of washing, rinsing, or drying
(when a drying process is included) dishware, glassware, eating
utensils, and most cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical, and/or
electrical means, or is involved in functions necessary for these
main functions, such as admitting water into the dishwasher or
pumping water out of the dishwasher.
1.2 AHAM means the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers.
1.3 Compact dishwasher means a dishwasher that has a capacity of
less than eight place settings plus six serving pieces as specified
in ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3),
using the test load specified in section 2.7 of this Appendix.
1.4 Cycle means a sequence of operations of a dishwasher which
performs a complete dishwashing function, and may include variations
or combinations of washing, rinsing, and drying.
1.5 Cycle finished mode means a standby mode which provides
continuous status display following operation in active mode.
1.6 Cycle type means any complete sequence of operations capable
of being preset on the dishwasher prior to the initiation of machine
operation.
1.7 IEC 62301 means the standard published by the International
Electrotechnical Commission, titled ``Household electrical
appliances-Measurement of standby power,'' Publication 62301 (First
Edition 2005-06) (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
1.8 Inactive mode means a standby mode that facilitates the
activation of active mode by remote switch (including remote
control), internal sensor, or timer, or that provides continuous
status display.
1.9 Non-soil-sensing dishwasher means a dishwasher that does not
have the ability to adjust automatically any energy consuming aspect
of a wash cycle based on the soil load of the dishes.
1.10 Normal cycle means the cycle type recommended by the
manufacturer for completely washing a full load of normally soiled
dishes including the power-dry feature.
1.11 Off mode means a mode in which the dishwasher is connected
to a mains power source and is not providing any active mode or
standby mode function, and where the mode may persist for an
indefinite time. An indicator that only shows the user that the
product is in the off position is included within the classification
of an off mode.
1.12 Power-dry feature means the introduction of electrically-
generated heat into the washing chamber for the purpose of improving
the drying performance of the dishwasher.
1.13 Preconditioning cycle means any cycle that includes a fill,
circulation, and drain to ensure that the water lines and sump area
of the pump are primed.
1.14 Sensor heavy response means, for standard dishwashers, the
set of operations in a soil-sensing dishwasher for completely
washing a load of dishes, four place settings of which are soiled
according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3). For compact dishwashers, this definition is the same, except
that two soiled place settings are used instead of four.
1.15 Sensor light response means, for both standard and compact
dishwashers, the set of operations in a soil-sensing dishwasher for
completely washing a load of dishes, one place setting of which is
soiled with half of the gram weight of soils for each item specified
in a single place setting according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated
by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
1.16 Sensor medium response means, for standard dishwashers, the
set of operations in a soil-sensing dishwasher for completely
washing a load of dishes, two place settings of which are soiled
according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3). For compact dishwashers, this definition is the same, except
that one soiled place setting is used instead of two.
1.17 Simplified standby mode means the lowest power consumption
mode which cannot be switched off or influenced by the user and that
may persist for an indefinite time when the dishwasher is connected
to the main electricity supply and used in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
1.18 Soil-sensing dishwasher means a dishwasher that has the
ability to adjust any energy-consuming aspect of a wash cycle based
on the soil load of the dishes.
1.19 Standard dishwasher means a dishwasher that has a capacity
equal to or greater than eight place settings plus six serving
pieces as specified in ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by reference;
see Sec. 430.3), using the test load specified in section 2.7 of
this Appendix.
1.20 Standby mode means a mode in which the dishwasher is
connected to a mains power source and offers one or more of the
following user-oriented or protective functions which may persist
for an indefinite time: (a) to facilitate the activation of other
modes (including activation or deactivation of active mode) by
remote switch (including remote control), internal sensor, or timer;
(b) continuous functions, including information or status displays
(including clocks) or sensor-based functions. A timer is a
continuous clock function (which may or may not be associated with a
display) that provides regular scheduled tasks (e.g., switching) and
that operates on a continuous basis.
1.21 Truncated normal cycle means the normal cycle interrupted
to eliminate the power-dry feature after the termination of the last
rinse operation.
1.22 Truncated sensor heavy response means the sensor heavy
response interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
1.23 Truncated sensor light response means the sensor light
response interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
1.24 Truncated sensor medium response means the sensor medium
response interrupted to eliminate the power-dry feature after the
termination of the last rinse operation.
1.25 Water-heating dishwasher means a dishwasher which, as
recommended by the manufacturer, is designed for heating cold inlet
water (nominal 50 [deg]F) or designed for heating water with a
nominal inlet temperature of 120 [deg]F. Any dishwasher designated
as water-heating (50 [deg]F or 120 [deg]F inlet water) must provide
internal water heating to above 120 [deg]F in a least one wash phase
of the normal cycle.
2. Testing Conditions
2.1 Installation Requirements. Install the dishwasher according
to the manufacturer's instructions. A standard or compact under-
counter or under-sink dishwasher must be tested in a rectangular
enclosure constructed of nominal 0.374 inch (9.5 mm) plywood painted
black. The enclosure must consist of a top, a bottom, a back, and
two sides. If the dishwasher includes a counter top as part of the
appliance, omit the top of the enclosure. Bring the enclosure into
the closest contact with the appliance that the configuration of the
dishwasher will allow. For standby mode and off mode testing, these
products shall also be installed in accordance with Section 5,
Paragraph 5.2 of IEC 62301 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3).
* * * * *
2.2.3 Supply voltage waveform. For the standby mode and off mode
testing, maintain the electrical supply voltage waveform indicated
in Section 4, Paragraph 4.4 of IEC 62301 (incorporated by reference;
see Sec. 430.3).
* * * * *
2.5 Ambient Temperature.
[[Page 75325]]
2.5.1 Active mode ambient and machine temperature. Using a
temperature measuring device as specified in section 3.1 of this
Appendix, maintain the room ambient air temperature at 75 [deg]
5 [deg] F and ensure that the dishwasher and the test
load are at room ambient temperature at the start of each test
cycle.
2.5.2 Standby mode and off mode ambient temperature. For standby
mode and off mode testing, maintain room ambient air temperature
conditions as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 4.2 of IEC 62301
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
* * * * *
2.6.3.1 For tests of the sensor heavy response, as defined in
section 1.14 of this Appendix:
(A) For standard dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
a total of eight place settings plus six serving pieces as specified
in section 2.7 of this Appendix. Four of the eight place settings
must be soiled according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 430.3) while the remaining place settings,
serving pieces, and all flatware are not soiled.
(B) For compact dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
four place settings plus six serving pieces as specified in section
2.7 of this Appendix. Two of the four place settings must be soiled
according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
430.3) while the remaining place settings, serving pieces, and all
flatware are not soiled.
2.6.3.2 For tests of the sensor medium response, as defined in
section 1.16 of this Appendix:
(A) For standard dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
a total of eight place settings plus six serving pieces as specified
in section 2.7 of this Appendix. Two of the eight place settings
must be soiled according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 430.3) while the remaining place settings,
serving pieces, and all flatware are not soiled.
(B) For compact dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
four place settings plus six serving pieces as specified in section
2.7 of this Appendix. One of the four place settings must be soiled
according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
430.3) while the remaining place settings, serving pieces, and all
flatware are not soiled.
2.6.3.3 For tests of the sensor light response, as defined in
section 1.15 of this Appendix:
(A) For standard dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
a total of eight place settings plus six serving pieces as specified
in section 2.7 of this Appendix. One of the eight place settings
must be soiled with half of the soil load specified for a single
place setting according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 430.3) while the remaining place settings,
serving pieces, and all flatware are not soiled.
(B) For compact dishwashers, the test unit is to be loaded with
four place settings plus six serving pieces as specified in section
2.7 of this Appendix. One of the four place settings must be soiled
with half of the soil load specified for a single place setting
according to the ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 430.3) while the remaining place settings, serving pieces, and
all flatware are not soiled.
* * * * *
2.8 Detergent. Use half the quantity of detergent specified
according to ANSI/AHAM DW-1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
430.3).
2.9 Testing requirements. Provisions in this Appendix pertaining
to dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet temperature of 50
[deg]F or 120 [deg]F apply only to water-heating dishwashers as
defined in section 1.25 of this Appendix.
2.10 Preconditioning requirements. Precondition the dishwasher
by establishing the testing conditions set forth in sections 2.1
through 2.5 of this Appendix. Set the dishwasher to the
preconditioning cycle as defined in section 1.13 of this Appendix,
without using a test load, and initiate the cycle.
3. Instrumentation
* * * * *
3.8 Standby mode and off mode watt meter. The watt meter used to
measure standby mode and off mode power consumption shall have the
resolution specified in Section 4, Paragraph 4.5 of IEC 62301
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 430.3). The watt meter shall
also be able to record a ``true'' average power as specified in
Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301.
4. Test Cycle and Measurements
* * * * *
4.4 Simplified standby mode power. Connect the dishwasher to a
standby wattmeter or a standby watt-hour meter as specified in
sections 3.6 and 3.7, respectively, of this Appendix. Select the
conditions necessary to achieve operation in the simplified standby
mode as defined in section 1.17 of this Appendix. Monitor the power
consumption but allow the dishwasher to stabilize for at least 5
minutes. Then monitor the power consumption for at least an
additional 5 minutes. If the power level does not change by more
than 5 percent from the maximum observed value during the later 5
minutes and if there is no cyclic or pulsing behavior of the load,
the load can be considered stable. For stable operation, simplified
standby mode power, Sm, can be recorded directly from the
standby watt meter in watts or accumulated using the standby watt-
hour meter over a period of at least 5 minutes. For unstable
operation, the energy must be accumulated using the standby watt-
hour meter over a period of at least 5 minutes and must capture the
energy use over one or more complete cycles. Calculate the average
simplified standby mode power, Sm, expressed in watts by
dividing the accumulated energy consumption by the duration of the
measurement period.
4.5 Standby mode and off mode power. Connect the dishwasher to a
standby mode and off mode watt meter as specified in sections 3.8 of
this Appendix. Establish the testing conditions set forth in
sections 2.1, 2.2, and 2.5.2 of this Appendix. For dishwashers that
drop from a higher power state to a lower power state as discussed
in Section 5, Paragraph 5.1, note 1 of IEC 62301 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3), allow sufficient time for the
dishwasher to reach the lower power state before proceeding with the
test measurement. Follow the test procedure specified in Section 5,
Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301 for testing in each possible mode as
described in sections 4.5.1 through 4.5.3 of this Appendix, except
allowing the product to stabilize for at least 30 minutes and using
an energy use measurement period of not less than 10 minutes. For
units in which power varies over a cycle, as described in Section 5,
Paragraph 5.3.2 of IEC 62301, use the average power approach in
Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301, except allowing the product to
stabilize for at least 30 minutes and using an energy use
measurement period of not less than 10 minutes.
4.5.1 If the dishwasher has an inactive mode, as defined in
section 1.8, measure and record the average inactive mode power of
the dishwasher, PIA, in watts.
4.5.2 If the dishwasher has an off mode, as defined in section
1.11, measure and record the average off mode power,
POFF, in watts.
4.5.3 If the dishwasher has a cycle finished mode, as defined in
section 1.5, measure and record the average cycle finished mode
power, PCF, in watts.
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
* * * * *
5.6 Annual simplified standby energy consumption. Calculate the
estimated annual simplified standby energy consumption. First
determine the number of standby hours per year, Hs,
defined as:
Hs = H - (N x L)
Where,
H = the total number of hours per year = 8766 hours per year,
N = the representative average dishwasher use of 215 cycles per
year,
L = the average of the duration of the normal cycle and truncated
normal cycle, for non-soil-sensing dishwashers with a truncated
normal cycle; the duration of the normal cycle, for non-soil-sensing
dishwashers without a truncated normal cycle; the average duration
of the sensor light response, truncated sensor light response,
sensor medium response, truncated sensor medium response, sensor
heavy response, and truncated sensor heavy response, for soil-
sensing dishwashers with a truncated cycle option; the average
duration of the sensor light response, sensor medium response, and
sensor heavy response, for soil-sensing dishwashers without a
truncated cycle option.
Then calculate the estimated annual simplified standby power
use, S, expressed in kilowatt-hours per year and defined as:
S = Sm x ((Hs)/1000)
Where,
Sm = the simplified standby mode power in watts as
determined in section 4.4 of this Appendix.
5.7 Standby mode and off mode annual energy consumption.
Calculate the standby mode and off mode annual energy
[[Page 75326]]
consumption for dishwashers, ETSO, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per year, according to the following:
ETSO = [(PIA x SIA) +
(POFF x SOFF) + (PCF x
SCF)] x K
Where:
PIA= dishwasher inactive mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 4.5.1.
POFF = dishwasher off mode power, in watts, as measured
in section 4.5.2.
PCF = dishwasher cycle finished mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 4.5.3.
If the dishwasher has both inactive mode and off mode,
SIA and SOFF both equal STOT/2;
STOT equals the total number of inactive mode and off
mode hours per year, defined as:
If the dishwasher has cycle finished mode, STOT, in
hours, equals HTSO - SCF;
If the dishwasher does not have cycle finished mode,
STOT equals HTSO;
HTSO equals the total number of standby mode and off
mode hours per year, defined as:
HTSO = H - (N x L)
Where,
H = the total number of hours per year = 8766 hours per year,
N = the representative average dishwasher use of 215 cycles per
year,
L = the average of the duration of the normal cycle and truncated
normal cycle, for non-soil-sensing dishwashers with a truncated
normal cycle; the duration of the normal cycle, for non-soil-sensing
dishwashers without a truncated normal cycle; the average duration
of the sensor light response, truncated sensor light response,
sensor medium response, truncated sensor medium response, sensor
heavy response, and truncated sensor heavy response, for soil-
sensing dishwashers with a truncated cycle option; the average
duration of the sensor light response, sensor medium response, and
sensor heavy response, for soil-sensing dishwashers without a
truncated cycle option;
If the dishwasher has an inactive mode but no off mode, the
inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is equal to
STOT and the off mode annual hours, SOFF, is
equal to 0;
If the dishwasher has an off mode but no inactive mode,
SIA is equal to 0 and SOFF is equal to
STOT;
SCF = 237, dishwasher cycle finished mode annual hours;
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
5. Appendix I to subpart B of part 430 is amended:
a. By adding a Note after the appendix heading;
b. In section 1. Definitions, by:
1. Redesignating section 1.10 as 1.15;
2. Redesignating section 1.9 as 1.16;
3. Redesignating section 1.7 as 1.12, and revising it;
4. Redesignating section 1.8 as 1.13;
5. Redesignating section 1.6 as 1.11;
6. Redesignating section 1.5 as 1.9;
7. Redesignating sections 1.2 through 1.4 as 1.4 through 1.6;
8. Redesignating section 1.1 as 1.2; and
9. Adding new sections 1.1, 1.3, 1.7, 1.8, 1.10, and 1.14;
c. In section 2. Test Conditions, by:
1. Revising sections 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2.1, 2.5, and 2.6; and
2. Adding new sections 2.2.1.1, 2.2.1.2, 2.5.1, 2.5.2, and 2.9.1.3;
d. In section 3. Test Methods and Measurements, by:
1. Revising sections 3.1.1, 3.1.1.1, and 3.1.2;
2. Adding new sections 3.1.1.3, 3.1.1.3.1, 3.1.1.3.2, and
3.1.1.3.3;
3. Adding new sections 3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.2.1, and 3.1.2.2.2;
4. Adding new sections 3.1.3, 3.1.3.1, 3.1.3.2, and 3.1.3.3;
5. Revising sections 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1, 3.2.1.2, and 3.2.1.4;
6. Redesignating section 3.2.2.1 as 3.2.2.3;
7. Revising section 3.2.2 and adding new sections 3.2.2.1 and
3.2.2.2;
8. Adding new section 3.2.3; and
9. Revising section 3.3.8;
e. In section 4. Calculation of Derived Results From Test
Measurements, by:
1. Revising section 4.1.1, 4.1.1.1, 4.1.2.3.1, 4.1.2.4, and
4.1.2.5.1;
2. Redesignating section 4.1.2.5.2 as 4.1.2.5.3, and revising it;
3. Adding new section 4.1.2.5.2;
4. Revising section 4.1.2.6.1;
5. Redesignating section 4.1.2.6.2 as 4.1.6.2.3, and revising newly
redesignated section 4.1.6.2.3;
6. Adding new section 4.1.2.6.2;
7. Revising section 4.1.4;
8. Adding new sections 4.1.4.1 and 4.1.4.2;
9. Revising section 4.2.1.1;
10. Revising section 4.2.2.1;
11. Adding new sections 4.2.2.1,1 and 4.2.2.1.2;
12. Revising section 4.2.2.2.3;
13. Adding new section 4.2.2.2.4;
14. Revising section 4.2.3;
15. Adding new sections 4.2.3.1 and 4.2.3.2; and
16. Revising section 4.3.
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Appendix I to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Conventional Ranges, Conventional Cooking
Tops, Conventional Ovens, and Microwave Ovens
Note: The procedures and calculations in this Appendix I need
not be performed to determine compliance with energy conservation
standards for conventional ranges, conventional cooking tops, and
conventional ovens at this time. However, any representation related
to standby mode and off mode energy consumption of these products
made after May 31, 2011 must be based upon results generated under
this test procedure, consistent with the requirements of 42 U.S.C.
6293(c)(2). After July 1, 2010, any adopted energy conservation
standard shall incorporate standby mode and off mode energy
consumption, and upon the compliance date for such standards,
compliance with the applicable provisions of this test procedure
will also be required. Although microwave ovens are not currently
included in this test procedure, future revisions may add relevant
provisions for measuring active mode, standby mode, and off mode
energy consumption in those products.
1. Definitions
1.1 Active mode means a mode in which a conventional cooking
top, conventional oven, or conventional range is connected to a
mains power source, has been activated, and is performing the main
function of producing heat by means of either a gas flame or
electric resistance heating.
* * * * *
1.3 Cycle finished mode means a standby mode in which a
conventional cooking top, conventional oven, or conventional range
provides continuous status display following operation in active
mode.
* * * * *
1.7 IEC 62301 means the test standard published by the
International Electrotechnical Commission, titled ``Household
electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power,'' Publication
62301 (First Edition 2005-06) (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3).
1.8 Inactive mode means a standby mode that facilitates the
activation of active mode by remote switch (including remote
control), internal sensor, or timer, or that provides continuous
status display.
* * * * *
1.10 Off mode means a mode in which the product is connected to
a mains power source and is not providing any active mode or standby
mode function, and where the mode may persist for an indefinite
time. An indicator that only shows the user that the product is in
the off position is included within the classification of an off
mode.
* * * * *
1.12 Secondary energy consumption means any electrical energy
consumption of a conventional gas oven.
* * * * *
1.14 Standby mode means any modes where the product is connected
to a mains power source and offers one or more of the following
user-oriented or protective functions which may persist for an
indefinite time: (a) To facilitate the activation of other modes
(including activation or deactivation of active mode) by remote
switch (including remote control), internal sensor, or timer; (b)
continuous functions, including information or status displays
(including clocks) or sensor-based functions. A timer is a
continuous clock function (which may or may not be associated with a
display) that
[[Page 75327]]
provides regular scheduled tasks (e.g., switching) and that operates
on a continuous basis.
* * * * *
2. Test Conditions
2.1 Installation. A free standing kitchen range shall be
installed with the back directly against, or as near as possible to,
a vertical wall which extends at least 1 foot above and on either
side of the appliance. There shall be no side walls. A drop-in,
built-in or wall-mounted appliance shall be installed in an
enclosure in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. These
appliances are to be completely assembled with all handles, knobs,
guards and the like mounted in place. Any electric resistance
heaters, gas burners, baking racks, and baffles shall be in place in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; however, broiler
pans are to be removed from the oven's baking compartment.
2.1.1 Conventional electric ranges, ovens, and cooking tops.
These products shall be connected to an electrical supply circuit
with voltage as specified in section 2.2.1 with a watt-hour meter
installed in the circuit. The watt-hour meter shall be as described
in section 2.9.1.1. For standby mode and off mode testing, these
products shall also be installed in accordance with Section 5,
Paragraph 5.2 of IEC 62301 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3).
2.1.2 Conventional gas ranges, ovens, and cooking tops. These
products shall be connected to a gas supply line with a gas meter
installed between the supply line and the appliance being tested,
according to manufacturer's specifications. The gas meter shall be
as described in section 2.9.2. Conventional gas ranges, ovens, and
cooking tops with electrical ignition devices or other electrical
components shall be connected to an electrical supply circuit of
nameplate voltage with a watt-hour meter installed in the circuit.
The watt-hour meter shall be as described in section 2.9.1.1. For
standby mode and off mode testing, these products shall also be
installed in accordance with Section 5, Paragraph 5.2 of IEC 62301
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
* * * * *
2.2.1 Electrical Supply
2.2.1.1 Supply voltage and frequency. Maintain the electrical
supply to the conventional range, conventional cooking top, and
conventional oven being tested at 240/120 volts except that basic
models rated only at 208/120 volts shall be tested at that rating.
Maintain the voltage within 2 percent of the above-specified
voltages. For conventional range, conventional cooking top, and
conventional oven standby mode and off mode testing, maintain the
electrical supply frequency at 60 hertz 1 percent. For
microwave oven testing, maintain the electrical supply at 120 volts
1 volt and at 60 hertz.
2.2.1.2 Supply voltage waveform. For the standby mode and off
mode testing, maintain the electrical supply voltage waveform
indicated in Section 4, Paragraph 4.4 of IEC 62301 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3).
* * * * *
2.5 Ambient temperature.
2.5.1 Active mode ambient room air temperature. During the
active mode test, maintain an ambient room air temperature,
TR, of 77 [deg] 9 [deg]F (25 [deg] 5 [deg]C) for conventional ovens and cooking tops, as
measured at least 5 feet (1.5 m) and not more than 8 feet (2.4 m)
from the nearest surface of the unit under test and approximately 3
feet (0.9 m) above the floor. The temperature shall be measured with
a thermometer or temperature indicating system with an accuracy as
specified in section 2.9.3.1.
2.5.2 Standby mode and off mode ambient temperature. For standby
mode and off mode testing, maintain room ambient air temperature
conditions as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 4.2 of IEC 62301
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
2.6 Normal nonoperating temperature. All areas of the appliance
to be tested shall attain the normal nonoperating temperature, as
defined in section 1.9 of this Appendix, before any testing begins.
The equipment for measuring the applicable normal nonoperating
temperature shall be as described in sections 2.9.3.1, 2.9.3.2,
2.9.3.3, and 2.9.3.4, as applicable.
* * * * *
2.9.1.3 Standby mode and off mode watt meter. The watt meter
used to measure standby mode and off mode shall have a resolution as
specified in Section 4, Paragraph 4.5 of IEC 62301 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 430.3). The watt meter shall also be able to
record a ``true'' average power as specified in Section 5, Paragraph
5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301.
* * * * *
3. Test Methods and Measurements
* * * * *
3.1.1 Conventional oven. Perform a test by establishing the
testing conditions set forth in section 2, Test Conditions, of this
Appendix, and adjust any pilot lights of a conventional gas oven in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and turn off the gas
flow to the conventional cooking top, if so equipped. Before
beginning the test, the conventional oven shall be at its normal
nonoperating temperature as defined in section 1.9 and described in
section 2.6. Set the conventional oven test block W1
approximately in the center of the usable baking space. If there is
a selector switch for selecting the mode of operation of the oven,
set it for normal baking. If an oven permits baking by either forced
convection by using a fan, or without forced convection, the oven is
to be tested in each of those two modes. The oven shall remain on
for at least one complete thermostat ``cut-off/cut-on'' of the
electrical resistance heaters or gas burners after the test block
temperature has increased 234 [deg]F (130 [deg]C) above its initial
temperature.
3.1.1.1 Self-cleaning operation of a conventional oven.
Establish the test conditions set forth in Section 2, Test
Conditions, of this Appendix. Adjust any pilot lights of a
conventional gas oven in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and turn off the gas flow to the conventional cooking
top. The temperature of the conventional oven shall be its normal
nonoperating temperature as defined in section 1.9 and described in
section 2.6. Then set the conventional oven's self-cleaning process
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. If the self-
cleaning process is adjustable, use the average time recommended by
the manufacturer for a moderately soiled oven.
* * * * *
3.1.1.3 Conventional oven standby mode and off mode power.
Establish the standby mode and off mode testing conditions set forth
in Section 2, Test Conditions, of this Appendix. For conventional
ovens that drop from a higher power state to a lower power state as
discussed in Section 5, Paragraph 5.1, Note 1 of IEC 62301
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), allow sufficient time
for the conventional oven to reach the lower power state before
proceeding with the test measurement. Follow the test procedure as
specified in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301 for testing in
each possible mode as described in 3.1.1.3.1 through 3.1.1.3.3,
except allowing the product to stabilize for at least 30 minutes and
using an energy use measurement period not less than 10 minutes. For
units in which power varies as a function of displayed time in
standby mode, either: (1) Set the clock time to 3:23 at the end of
the stabilization period specified in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3 of
IEC 62301, and use the average power approach described in Section
5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301, but with a single test period of
10 minutes +0/-2 sec after an additional stabilization period until
the clock time reaches 3:33; or (2) at any starting clock time,
allow a stabilization period as described in Section 5, Paragraph
5.3 of IEC 62301, and use the average power approach described in
Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301, but with a single test
period of 12 hours +0/-30 sec. Testing may be conducted using either
a 12-hour test, a 10-minute test, or both tests; however, if a
manufacturer elects to perform both tests on a unit, the
manufacturer may only use the results from one of the test (i.e.,
the 12-hour test or the 10-minute test) as the test results for that
unit. Results of the 10-minute test that are within 2
percent of the 12-hour test are deemed to be representative of
average energy use.
3.1.1.3.1 If the conventional oven has an inactive mode, as
defined in section 1.8, measure and record the average inactive mode
power of the conventional oven, PIA, in watts.
3.1.1.3.2 If the conventional oven has an off mode, as defined
in section 1.10, measure and record the average off mode power of
the conventional oven, POFF, in watts.
3.1.1.3.3 If the conventional oven has a cycle finished mode, as
defined in section 1.3, measure and record the average cycle
finished mode power of the conventional oven, PCF, in
watts.
3.1.2 Conventional cooking top. Establish the test conditions
set forth in section 2, Test Conditions, of this Appendix. Adjust
any pilot lights of a conventional gas cooking top in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions and turn off the gas flow to
the conventional oven(s), if so equipped. The temperature of the
conventional cooking top shall be its normal
[[Page 75328]]
nonoperating temperature as defined in section 1.9 and described in
section 2.6. Set the test block in the center of the surface unit
under test. The small test block, W2, shall be used on
electric surface units of 7 inches (178 mm) or less in diameter. The
large test block, W3, shall be used on electric surface
units over 7 inches (178 mm) in diameter and on all gas surface
units. Turn on the surface unit under test and set its energy input
rate to the maximum setting. When the test block reaches 144 [deg]F
(80 [deg]C) above its initial test block temperature, immediately
reduce the energy input rate to 255 percent of the
maximum energy input rate. After 150.1 minutes at the
reduced energy setting, turn off the surface unit under test.
* * * * *
3.1.2.2 Conventional cooking top standby mode and off mode
power. Establish the standby mode and off mode testing conditions
set forth in section 2, Test Conditions, of this Appendix. For
conventional cooktops that drop from a higher power state to a lower
power state as discussed in Section 5, Paragraph 5.1, Note 1 of IEC
62301 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), allow sufficient
time for the conventional cooktop to reach the lower power state
before proceeding with the test measurement. Follow the test
procedure as specified in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301 for
testing in each possible mode as described in sections 3.1.2.2.1 and
3.1.2.2.2 of this Appendix, except allowing the product to stabilize
for at least 30 minutes and using an energy use measurement period
not less than 10 minutes. For units in which power varies as a
function of displayed time in standby mode, either: (1) set the
clock time to 3:23 at the end of the stabilization period specified
in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301, and use the average power
approach described in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301,
but with a single test period of 10 minutes +0/-2 sec after an
additional stabilization period until the clock time reaches 3:33;
or (2) at any starting clock time, allow a stabilization period as
described in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301, and use the
average power approach described in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of
IEC 62301, but with a single test period of 12 hours +0/-30 sec.
Testing may be conducted using either a 12-hour test, a 10-minute
test, or both tests; however, if a manufacturer elects to perform
both tests on a unit, the manufacturer may only use the results from
one of the test (i.e., the 12-hour test or the 10-minute test) as
the test results for that unit. Results of the 10-minute test that
are within 2 percent of the 12-hour test are deemed to
be representative of average energy use.
3.1.2.2.1 If the conventional cooking top has an inactive mode,
as defined in section 1.8, measure and record the average inactive
mode power of the conventional cooking top, PIA, in
watts.
3.1.2.2.2 If the conventional cooking top has an off mode, as
defined in section 1.10, measure and record the average off mode
power of the conventional cooking top, POFF, in watts.
3.1.3 Conventional range standby mode and off mode power.
Establish the standby mode and off mode testing conditions set forth
in section 2, Test Conditions, of this Appendix. For conventional
ranges that drop from a higher power state to a lower power state as
discussed in Section 5, Paragraph 5.1, Note 1 of IEC 62301
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), allow sufficient time
for the conventional range to reach the lower power state before
proceeding with the test measurement. Follow the test procedure as
specified in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301 for testing in
each possible mode as described in sections 3.1.3.1 through 3.1.3.3
of this Appendix, except allowing the product to stabilize for at
least 30 minutes and using an energy use measurement period not less
than 10 minutes. For units in which power varies as a function of
displayed time in standby mode, either: (1) set the clock time to
3:23 at the end of the stabilization period specified in Section 5,
Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301, and use the average power approach
described in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301, but with a
single test period of 10 minutes +0/-2 sec after an additional
stabilization period until the clock time reaches 3:33; or (2) at
any starting clock time, allow a stabilization period as described
in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301, and use the average power
approach described in Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301,
but with a single test period of 12 hours +0/-30 sec. Testing may be
conducted using either a 12-hour test, a 10-minute test, or both
tests; however, if a manufacturer elects to perform both tests on a
unit, the manufacturer may only use the results from one of the test
(i.e., the 12-hour test or the 10-minute test) as the test results
for that unit. Results of the 10-minute test that are within 2 percent of the 12-hour test are deemed to be representative
of average energy use.
3.1.3.1 If the conventional range has an inactive mode, as
defined in section 1.8, measure and record the average inactive mode
power of the conventional range, PIA, in watts.
3.1.3.2 If the conventional range has an off mode, as defined in
section 1.10, measure and record the average off mode power of the
conventional range, POFF, in watts.
3.1.3.3 If the conventional range has a cycle finished mode, as
defined in section 1.3, measure and record the average cycle
finished mode power of the conventional range, PCF, in
watts.
* * * * *
3.2.1 Conventional oven test energy consumption. If the oven
thermostat controls the oven temperature without cycling on and off,
measure the energy consumed, EO, when the temperature of
the block reaches TO (TO is 234 [deg]F (130
[deg]C) above the initial block temperature, TI). If the
oven thermostat operates by cycling on and off, make the following
series of measurements: Measure the block temperature,
TA, and the energy consumed, EA, or volume of
gas consumed, VA, at the end of the last ``ON'' period of
the conventional oven before the block reaches TO.
Measure the block temperature, TB, and the energy
consumed, EB, or volume of gas consumed, VB,
at the beginning of the next ``ON'' period. Measure the block
temperature, TC, and the energy consumed, EC,
or volume of gas consumed, VC, at the end of that ``ON''
period. Measure the block temperature, TD, and the energy
consumed, ED, or volume of gas consumed, VD,
at the beginning of the following ``ON'' period. Energy measurements
for EO, EA, EB, EC, and
ED should be expressed in watt-hours (kJ) for
conventional electric ovens, and volume measurements for
VA, VB, VC, and VD
should be expressed in standard cubic feet (L) of gas for
conventional gas ovens. For a gas oven, measure in watt-hours (kJ)
any electrical energy, EIO, consumed by an ignition
device or other electrical components required for the operation of
a conventional gas oven while heating the test block to
TO.
3.2.1.1 Conventional oven average test energy consumption. If
the conventional oven permits baking by either forced convection or
without forced convection and the oven thermostat does not cycle on
and off, measure the energy consumed with the forced convection
mode, (EO)1, and without the forced convection
mode, (EO)2, when the temperature of the block
reaches TO (TO is 234 [deg]F (130 [deg]C)
above the initial block temperature, TI). If the
conventional oven permits baking by either forced convection or
without forced convection and the oven thermostat operates by
cycling on and off, make the following series of measurements with
and without the forced convection mode: Measure the block
temperature, TA, and the energy consumed, EA,
or volume of gas consumed, VA, at the end of the last
``ON'' period of the conventional oven before the block reaches
TO. Measure the block temperature, TB, and the
energy consumed, EB, or volume of gas consumed,
VB, at the beginning of the next ``ON'' period. Measure
the block temperature, TC, and the energy consumed,
EC, or volume of gas consumed, VC, at the end
of that ``ON'' period. Measure the block temperature, TD,
and the energy consumed, ED, or volume of gas consumed,
VD, at the beginning of the following ``ON'' period.
Energy measurements for EO, EA, EB,
EC, and ED should be expressed in watt-hours
(kJ) for conventional electric ovens, and volume measurements for
VA, VB, VC, and VD
should be expressed in standard cubic feet (L) of gas for
conventional gas ovens. For a gas oven that can be operated with or
without forced convection, measure in watt-hours (kJ) any electrical
energy consumed by an ignition device or other electrical components
required for the operation of a conventional gas oven while heating
the test block to TO using the forced convection mode,
(EIO)1, and without using the forced
convection mode, (EIO)2.
3.2.1.2 Energy consumption of self-cleaning operation. Measure
the energy consumption, ES, in watt-hours (kJ) of
electricity or the volume of gas consumption, VS, in
standard cubic feet (L) during the self-cleaning test set forth in
section 3.1.1.1 of this Appendix. For a gas oven, also measure in
watt-hours (kJ) any electrical energy, EIS, consumed by
ignition devices or other electrical components required during the
self-cleaning test.
* * * * *
3.2.1.4 Standby mode and off mode energy consumption. Make
measurements as specified in section 3.1.1.3 of this Appendix.
[[Page 75329]]
If the conventional oven is capable of operating in inactive mode,
measure the average inactive mode power of the conventional oven,
PIA, in watts as specified in section 3.1.1.3.1 of this
Appendix. If the conventional oven is capable of operating in off
mode, measure the average off mode power of the conventional oven,
POFF, in watts as specified in section 3.1.1.3.2 of this
Appendix. If the conventional oven is capable of operating in cycle
finished mode, measure the average cycle finished mode power of the
conventional oven, PCF, in watts as specified in section
3.1.1.3.3 of this Appendix.
3.2.2 Conventional surface unit test energy consumption.
3.2.2.1 Conventional surface unit average test energy
consumption. For the surface unit under test, measure the energy
consumption, ECT, in watt-hours (kJ) of electricity or
the volume of gas consumption, VCT, in standard cubic
feet (L) of gas and the test block temperature, TCT, at
the end of the 15 minute (reduced input setting) test interval for
the test specified in section 3.1.2 of this Appendix and the total
time, tCT, in hours, that the unit is under test. Measure
any electrical energy, EIC, consumed by an ignition
device of a gas heating element or other electrical components
required for the operation of the conventional gas cooktop in watt-
hours (kJ).
3.2.2.2 Conventional surface unit standby mode and off mode
energy consumption. Make measurements as specified in section
3.1.2.2 of this Appendix. If the conventional surface unit is
capable of operating in inactive mode, measure the average inactive
mode power of the conventional surface unit, PIA, in
watts as specified in section 3.1.2.2.1 of this Appendix. If the
conventional surface unit is capable of operating in off mode,
measure the average off mode power of the conventional surface unit,
POFF, in watts as specified in section 3.1.2.2.2 of this
Appendix.
* * * * *
3.2.3 Conventional range standby mode and off mode energy
consumption. Make measurements as specified in section 3.1.3 of this
Appendix. If the conventional range is capable of operating in
inactive mode, measure the average inactive mode power of the
conventional range, PIA, in watts as specified in section
3.1.3.1 of this Appendix. If the conventional range is capable of
operating in off mode, measure the average off mode power of the
conventional range, POFF, in watts as specified in
section 3.1.3.2 of this Appendix. If the conventional range is
capable of operating in cycle finished mode, measure the average
cycle finished mode power of the conventional range, PCF,
in watts as specified in section 3.1.3.3 of this Appendix.
* * * * *
3.3.8 For conventional ovens, record the conventional oven
standby mode and off mode test measurements PIA,
POFF, and PCF, if applicable. For conventional
cooktops, record the conventional cooktop standby mode and off mode
test measurements PIA and POFF, if applicable.
For conventional ranges, record the conventional range standby mode
and off mode test measurements PIA, POFF, and
PCF, if applicable.
* * * * *
4. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
* * * * *
4.1.1 Test energy consumption. For a conventional oven with a
thermostat which operates by cycling on and off, calculate the test
energy consumption, EO, expressed in watt-hours (kJ) for
electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens, and defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.000
for electric ovens, and,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.001
for gas ovens,
Where:
H = either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the
gas used in the test as specified in section 2.2.2.2 and section
2.2.2.3 of this Appendix, expressed in Btu's per standard cubic foot
(kJ/L).
TO = 234 [deg]F (130 [deg]C) plus the initial test block
temperature.
and,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.002
[[Page 75330]]
Where:
TA = block temperature in [deg]F ([deg]C) at the end of
the last ``ON'' period of the conventional oven before the test
block reaches TO.
TB = block temperature in [deg]F ([deg]C) at the
beginning of the ``ON'' period following the measurement of
TA.
TC = block temperature in [deg]F ([deg]C) at the end of
the ``ON'' period which starts with TB.
TD = block temperature in [deg]F ([deg]C) at the
beginning of the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement of
TC.
EA = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the end of
the last ``ON'' period before the test block reaches TO.
EB = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the beginning
of the ``ON'' period following the measurement of TA.
EC = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the end of
the ``ON'' period which starts with TB.
ED = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the beginning
of the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement of TC.
VA = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at
the end of the last ``ON'' period before the test block reaches
TO.
VB = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at
the beginning of the ``ON'' period following the measurement of
TA.
VC = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at
the end of the ``ON'' period which starts with TB.
VD = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at
the beginning of the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement of
TC.
4.1.1.1 Average test energy consumption. If the conventional
oven can be operated with or without forced convection, determine
the average test energy consumption, EO and
EIO, in watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and Btu's (kJ)
for gas ovens using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.003
Where:
(EO)1 = test energy consumption using the
forced convection mode in watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and in
Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens as measured in section 3.2.1.1 of this
Appendix.
(EO)2 = test energy consumption without using
the forced convection mode in watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and
in Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens as measured in section 3.2.1.1 of this
Appendix.
(EIO)1 = electrical energy consumption in
watt-hours (kJ) of a gas oven in forced convection mode as measured
in section 3.2.1.1 of this Appendix.
(EIO)2 = electrical energy consumption in
watt-hours (kJ) of a gas oven without using the forced convection
mode as measured in section 3.2.1.1 of this Appendix.
* * * * *
4.1.2.3.1 Annual primary energy consumption. Calculate the
annual primary energy consumption for conventional oven self-
cleaning operations, ESC, expressed in kilowatt-hours
(kJ) per year for electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens,
and defined as:
ESC = ES x Se x K, for electric
ovens,
Where:
ES = energy consumption in watt-hours, as measured in
section 3.2.1.2 of this Appendix.
Se = 4, average number of times a self-cleaning operation
of a conventional electric oven is used per year.
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
or
ESC = VS x H x Sg, for gas ovens,
Where:
VS = gas consumption in standard cubic feet (L), as
measured in section 3.2.1.2 of this Appendix.
H = Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas
used in the test as specified in section 2.2.2.2 and section 2.2.2.3
of this Appendix in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L).
Sg = 4, average number of times a self-cleaning operation
of a conventional gas oven is used per year.
* * * * *
4.1.2.4 Annual standby mode and off mode energy consumption of a
single conventional oven. Calculate the annual standby mode and off
mode energy consumption for conventional ovens, EOTSO,
expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
EOTSO = [(PIA x SIA) +
(POFF x SOFF) + (PCF x
SCF)] x K
Where:
PIA = conventional oven inactive mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 3.1.1.3.1 of this Appendix.
POFF = conventional oven off mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 3.1.1.3.2 of this Appendix.
PCF = conventional oven cycle finished mode power, in
watts, as measured in section 3.1.1.3.3 of this Appendix.
If the conventional oven has cycle finished mode,
STOT equals 8,522.1 hours:
Where:
STOT equals the total number of inactive mode and off
mode hours per year;
If the conventional oven does not have cycle finished mode,
STOT equals 8,540.1 hours;
If the conventional oven has both inactive mode and off mode,
SIA and SOFF both equal STOT/2;
If the conventional oven has an inactive mode but no off mode,
the inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is equal to
STOT and the off mode annual hours, SOFF, is
equal to 0;
If the conventional oven has an off mode but no inactive mode,
SIA is equal to 0 and SOFF is equal to
STOT;
SCF = 18, conventional oven cycle finished mode annual
hours;
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
* * * * *
4.1.2.5.1 Conventional electric oven energy consumption.
Calculate the total annual energy consumption of a conventional
electric oven, EAO, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per
year and defined as:
EAO = ECO + ESC,
Where:
ECO = annual primary cooking energy consumption as
determined in section 4.1.2.1.1 of this Appendix.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in section 4.1.2.3.1 of this Appendix.
4.1.2.5.2 Conventional electric oven integrated energy consumption.
Calculate the total integrated annual electrical energy consumption
of a conventional electric oven, IEAD, expressed in
kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
IEAO = ECO + ESC, +
EOTSO,,
Where:
ECO = annual primary cooking energy consumption as
determined in section 4.1.2.1.1 of this Appendix.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in section 4.1.2.3.1 of this Appendix.
EOTSO = annual standby mode and off mode energy
consumption as determined in section 4.1.2.4 of this Appendix.
4.1.2.5.3 Conventional gas oven energy consumption. Calculate
the total annual gas energy consumption of a conventional gas oven,
EAOG, expressed in Btu's (kJ) per year and defined as:
EAOG = ECO + ESC + EPO,
Where:
ECO = annual primary cooking energy consumption as
determined in section 4.1.2.1.1 of this Appendix.
EPO = annual pilot light energy consumption as determined
in section 4.1.2.2 of this Appendix.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in section 4.1.2.3.1 of this Appendix.
If the conventional gas oven uses electrical energy, calculate
the total annual electrical energy consumption, EAOE,
expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
EAOE = ESO + ESS,
Where:
ESO = annual secondary cooking energy consumption as
determined in section 4.1.2.1.2 of this Appendix.
ESS = annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption
as determined in section 4.1.2.3.2 of this Appendix.
If the conventional gas oven uses electrical energy, also
calculate the total integrated annual electrical energy consumption,
IEAOE, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and
defined as:
IEAOE = ESO + ESS +
EOTSO,
Where:
ESO = annual secondary cooking energy consumption as
determined in section 4.1.2.1.2 of this Appendix.
[[Page 75331]]
ESS = annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption
as determined in section 4.1.2.3.2 of this Appendix.
EOTSO = annual standby mode and off mode energy
consumption as determined in section 4.1.2.4 of this Appendix.
* * * * *
4.1.2.6.1 Conventional electric oven energy consumption.
Calculate the total annual energy consumption, ETO, in
kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
ETO = EACO + EASC,
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.004
is the average annual primary energy consumption for cooking, and
where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ECO = annual primary energy consumption for cooking as
determined in section 4.1.2.1.1 of this Appendix.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.005
average annual self-cleaning energy consumption,
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined according to section 4.1.2.3.1 of this Appendix.
4.1.2.6.2 Conventional electric oven integrated energy
consumption. Calculate the total integrated annual energy
consumption, IETO, in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and
defined as:
IETO = EACO + EASC +
EOTSO,
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.006
is the average annual primary energy consumption for cooking, and
where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ECO = annual primary energy consumption for cooking as
determined in section 4.1.2.1.1 of this Appendix.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.007
average annual self-cleaning energy consumption,
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined according to section 4.1.2.3.1 of this Appendix.
EOTSO = annual standby mode and off mode energy
consumption for the cooking appliance as determined in section
4.1.2.4 of this Appendix.
4.1.2.6.3 Conventional gas oven energy consumption. Calculate
the total annual gas energy consumption, ETOG, in Btus
(kJ) per year and defined as:
ETOG = EACO + EASC +
ETPO,
Where:
EACO = average annual primary energy consumption for
cooking in Btu's (kJ) per year and is calculated as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.008
Where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ECO = annual primary energy consumption for cooking as
determined in section 4.1.2.1.1 of this Appendix.
and,
EASC = average annual self-cleaning energy consumption in
Btu's (kJ) per year and is calculated as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.009
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined according to section 4.1.2.3.1 of this Appendix.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.010
total energy consumption of any pilot lights,
Where:
EPO = annual energy consumption of any continuously-
burning pilot lights determined according to section 4.1.2.2 of this
Appendix.
n = number of pilot lights in the basic model.
If the oven also uses electrical energy, calculate the total
annual electrical energy consumption, ETOE, in kilowatt-
hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
ETOE = EASO + EAAS,
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.011
is the average annual secondary energy consumption for cooking,
Where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESO = annual secondary energy consumption for cooking of
gas ovens as determined in section 4.1.2.1.2 of this Appendix.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.012
is the average annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption,
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning ovens in the basic model.
ESS = annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption
of gas ovens as determined in section 4.1.2.3.2 of this Appendix.
If the oven also uses electrical energy, also calculate the
total integrated annual electrical energy consumption,
IETOE, in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
IETOE = EASO + EAAS +
EOTSO,
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.013
is the average annual secondary energy consumption for cooking,
Where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESO = annual secondary energy consumption for cooking of
gas ovens as determined in section 4.1.2.1.2 of this Appendix.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.014
is the average annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption,
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning ovens in the basic model.
ESS = annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption
of gas ovens as determined in section 4.1.2.3.2 of this Appendix.
EOTSO = annual standby mode and off mode energy
consumption as determined in section 4.1.2.4 of this Appendix.
* * * * *
4.1.4 Conventional oven energy factor and integrated energy
factor.
4.1.4.1 Conventional oven energy factor. Calculate the energy
factor, or the ratio of useful cooking energy output to the total
energy input, RO, using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.015
For electric ovens,
Where:
OO = 29.3 kWh (105,480 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output.
EAO = total annual energy consumption for electric ovens
as determined in section 4.1.2.5.1 of this Appendix.
For gas ovens:
[[Page 75332]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.016
Where:
OO = 88.8 kBtu (93,684 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output.
EAOG = total annual gas energy consumption for
conventional gas ovens as determined in section 4.1.2.5.3 of this
Appendix.
EAOE = total annual electrical energy consumption for
conventional gas ovens as determined in section 4.1.2.5.3 of this
Appendix.
Ke = 3,412 Btu/kWh (3,600 kJ/kWh), conversion factor for
kilowatt-hours to Btu's.
4.1.4.2 Conventional oven integrated energy factor. Calculate
the integrated energy factor, or the ratio of useful cooking energy
output to the total integrated energy input, IRO, using
the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.017
For electric ovens,
Where:
OO = 29.3 kWh (105,480 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output.
IEAO = total integrated annual energy consumption for
electric ovens as determined in section 4.1.2.5.2 of this Appendix.
For gas ovens:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.018
Where:
OO = 88.8 kBtu (93,684 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output.
EAOG = total annual gas energy consumption for
conventional gas ovens as determined in section 4.1.2.5.3 of this
Appendix.
IEAOE = total integrated annual electrical energy
consumption for conventional gas ovens as determined in section
4.1.2.5.3 of this Appendix.
Ke = 3,412 Btu/kWh (3,600 kJ/kWh), conversion factor for
kilowatt-hours to Btu's.
* * * * *
4.2.1.1 Electric surface unit cooking efficiency. Calculate the
cooking efficiency, EffSU, of the electric surface unit
under test, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.019
Where:
W = measured weight of test block, W2 or W3,
expressed in pounds (kg).
Cp = 0.23 Btu/lb-[deg]F (0.96 kJ/kg / [deg]C), specific
heat of test block.
TSU = temperature rise of the test block: final test
block temperature, TCT, as determined in section 3.2.2 of
this Appendix, minus the initial test block temperature,
TI, expressed in [deg]F ([deg]C) as determined in section
2.7.5 of this Appendix.
Ke = 3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion factor of watt-
hours to Btu's.
ECT = measured energy consumption, as determined
according to section 3.2.2 of this Appendix, expressed in watt-hours
(kJ).
* * * * *
4.2.2.1 Conventional electric cooking top
4.2.2.1.1 Annual energy consumption of a conventional electric
cooking top. Calculate the annual electrical energy consumption of
an electric cooking top, ECA, in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per
year, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.020
Where:
OCT = 173.1 kWh (623,160 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output.
EffCT = conventional cooking top cooking efficiency as
defined in section 4.2.1.3 of this Appendix.
4.2.2.1.2 Integrated annual energy consumption of a conventional
electric cooking top. Calculate the total integrated annual
electrical energy consumption of an electric cooking top,
IECA, in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.021
Where:
OCT = 173.1 kWh (623,160 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output.
EffCT = conventional cooking top cooking efficiency as
defined in section 4.2.1.3 of this Appendix.
ECTSO = [(PIA x SIA) +
(POFF x SOFF)] x K
Where:
PIA = conventional cooktop inactive mode power, in watts,
as measured in section 3.1.2.2.1 of this Appendix.
POFF = conventional cooktop off mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 3.1.2.2.2 of this Appendix.
If the conventional cooktop has both inactive mode and off mode
annual hours, SIA and SOFF both equal 4273.4;
If the conventional cooktop has an inactive mode but no off
mode, the inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is equal to
8546.9 and the off mode annual hours, SOFF, is equal to
0;
If the conventional cooktop has an off mode but no inactive
mode, SIA is equal to 0 and SOFF is equal to
8546.9;
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
* * * * *
4.2.2.2.3 Total annual energy consumption of a conventional gas
cooking top. Calculate the total annual gas energy consumption of a
conventional gas cooking top, ECA, in Btu's (kJ) per
year, defined as:
ECA = ECC + EPC,
Where:
ECC = energy consumption for cooking as determined in
section 4.2.2.2.1 of this Appendix.
EPC = annual energy consumption of the pilot lights as
determined in section 4.2.2.2.2 of this Appendix.
4.2.2.2.4 Total integrated annual energy consumption of a
conventional gas cooking top. Calculate the total integrated annual
energy consumption of a conventional gas cooking top,
IECA, in Btu's (kJ) per year, defined as:
IECA = ECC + EPC +
ECTSO,
Where:
ECC = energy consumption for cooking as determined in
section 4.2.2.2.1 of this Appendix.
EPC = annual energy consumption of the pilot lights as
determined in section 4.2.2.2.2 of
ECTSO = [(PIA x SIA) +
(POFF x SOFF)] x K
Where:
PIA = conventional cooktop inactive mode power, in watts,
as measured in section 3.1.2.2.1 of this Appendix.
POFF = conventional cooktop off mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 3.1.2.2.2 of this Appendix.
If the conventional cooktop has both inactive mode and off mode
annual hours, SIA and SOFF both equal 4273.4;
If the conventional cooktop has an inactive mode but no off
mode, the inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is equal to
8546.9 and the off mode annual hours, SOFF, is equal to
0;
If the conventional cooktop has an off mode but no inactive
mode, SIA is equal to 0 and SOFF is equal to
8546.9;
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
4.2.3 Conventional cooking top energy factor and integrated
energy factor.
4.2.3.1 Conventional cooking top energy factor. Calculate the
energy factor or ratio of useful cooking energy output for cooking
to the total energy input, RCT, as follows:
[[Page 75333]]
For an electric cooking top, the energy factor is the same as
the cooking efficiency as determined according to section 4.2.1.3 of
this Appendix.
For gas cooking tops,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.022
Where:
OCT = 527.6 kBtu (556,618 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output of cooking top.
ECA = total annual energy consumption of cooking top
determined according to section 4.2.2.2.3 of this Appendix.
4.2.3.2 Conventional cooking top integrated energy factor.
Calculate the integrated energy factor or ratio of useful cooking
energy output for cooking to the total integrated energy input,
IRCT, as follows:
For electric cooking tops,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.023
Where:
OCT = 527.6 kBtu (556,618 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output of cooking top.
IECA = total annual integrated energy consumption of
cooking top determined according to section 4.2.2.1.2 of this
Appendix.
For gas cooking tops,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02DE10.024
Where:
OCT = 527.6 kBtu (556,618 kJ) per year, annual useful
cooking energy output of cooking top.
IECA = total annual energy consumption of cooking top
determined according to section 4.2.2.2.4 of this Appendix.
4.3 Combined components. The annual energy consumption of a
kitchen range (e.g., a cooktop and oven combined) shall be the sum
of the annual energy consumption of each of its components. The
integrated annual energy consumption of a kitchen range shall be the
sum of the annual energy consumption of each of its components plus
the conventional range integrated annual standby mode and off mode
energy consumption, ERTSO, defined as:
ERTSO = [(PIA x SIA) +
(POFF x SOFF) + (PCF x
SCF)] x K
Where:
PIA = conventional range inactive mode power, in watts,
as measured in section 3.1.3.1 of this Appendix.
POFF = conventional range off mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 3.1.3.2 of this Appendix.
PCF = conventional range cycle finished mode power, in
watts, as measured in section 3.1.3.3 of this Appendix.
If the conventional range has cycle finished mode,
STOT, equals 8,311.2 hours;
Where:
STOT equals the total number of inactive mode and off
mode hours per year;
If the conventional range does not have cycle finished mode,
STOT, equals 8,329.2 hours;
If the conventional range has both inactive mode and off mode,
SIA and SOFF both equal STOT/2;
If the conventional range has an inactive mode but no off mode,
the inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is equal to
STOT and the off mode annual hours, SOFF, is
equal to 0;
If the conventional range has an off mode but no inactive mode,
SIA is equal to 0 and SOFF is equal to
STOT;
SCF = 18, conventional range cycle finished mode annual
hours;
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
The annual energy consumption for other combinations of ovens
and cooktops will also be treated as the sum of the annual energy
consumption of each of its components. The energy factor of a
combined component is the sum of the annual useful cooking energy
output of each component divided by the sum of the total annual
energy consumption of each component. The integrated energy factor
of other combinations of ovens and cooktops is the sum of the annual
useful cooking energy output of each component divided by the sum of
the total integrated annual energy consumption of each component.
6. Appendix X to subpart B of part 430 is revised to read as
follows:
Appendix X to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Dehumidifiers
Note:
The procedures and calculations that refer to standby mode and
off mode energy consumption (i.e., sections 3.2, 3.2.1 through
3.2.4, 4.2, 4.2.1 through 4.2.4, 5.1, and 5.2 of this Appendix X)
need not be performed to determine compliance with energy
conservation standards for dehumidifiers at this time. However, any
representation related to standby mode and off mode energy
consumption of these products made after May 31, 2011 must be based
upon results generated under this test procedure, consistent with
the requirements of 42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2). After July 1, 2010, any
adopted energy conservation standard shall incorporate standby mode
and off mode energy consumption, and upon the compliance date for
such standards, compliance with the applicable provisions of this
test procedure will also be required.
1. Scope
This appendix covers the test requirements used to measure the
energy performance of dehumidifiers.
2. Definitions
a. Active mode means a mode in which a dehumidifier is connected
to a mains power source, has been activated, and is performing the
main functions of removing moisture from air by drawing moist air
over a refrigerated coil using a fan, or circulating air through
activation of the fan without activation of the refrigeration
system.
b. Bucket full/removed mode means a standby mode in which the
dehumidifier has automatically powered off its main function by
detecting when the water bucket is full or has been removed.
c. Energy factor for dehumidifiers means a measure of energy
efficiency of a dehumidifier calculated by dividing the water
removed from the air by the energy consumed, measured in liters per
kilowatt-hour (L/kWh).
d. IEC 62301 means the test standard published by the
International Electrotechnical Commission, titled ``Household
electrical appliances--Measurement of standby power,'' Publication
62301 (First Edition 2005-06) (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3).
e. Inactive mode means a standby mode that facilitates the
activation of active mode by remote switch (including remote
control), internal sensor, or timer, or that provides continuous
status display.
f. Off mode means a mode in which the dehumidifier is connected
to a mains power source and is not providing any active mode or
standby mode function, and where the mode may persist for an
indefinite time. An indicator that only shows the user that the
dehumidifier is in the off position is included within the
classification of an off mode.
g. Off-cycle mode means a standby mode in which the
dehumidifier:
(1) Has cycled off its main function by humidistat or humidity
sensor;
(2) Does not have its fan or blower operating; and
(3) Will reactivate the main function according to the
humidistat or humidity sensor signal.
h. Product capacity for dehumidifiers means a measure of the
ability of the dehumidifier to remove moisture from its surrounding
atmosphere, measured in pints collected per 24 hours of continuous
operation.
i. Standby mode means any modes where the dehumidifier is
connected to a mains power source and offers one or more of the
following user-oriented or protective functions which may persist
for an indefinite time:
(1) To facilitate the activation of other modes (including
activation or deactivation of active mode) by remote switch
(including remote control), internal sensor, or timer;
(2) Continuous functions, including information or status
displays (including clocks) or sensor-based functions. A timer is a
continuous clock function (which may or may not be associated with a
display) that provides regular scheduled tasks (e.g., switching) and
that operates on a continuous basis.
3. Test Apparatus and General Instructions
3.1 Active mode. The test apparatus and instructions for testing
dehumidifiers shall conform to the requirements specified in section
1, ``Definitions,'' section 2,
[[Page 75334]]
``Qualifying Products,'' and section 4, ``Test Criteria,'' of the
EPA's ``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Dehumidifiers,''
effective January 1, 2001 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
430.3). Record measurements at the resolution of the test
instrumentation. Round off calculations to the same number of
significant digits as the previous step. Round the final minimum
energy factor value to two decimal places as follows:
(i) A fractional number at or above the midpoint between two
consecutive decimal places shall be rounded up to the higher of the
two decimal places; or
(ii) A fractional number below the midpoint between two
consecutive decimal places shall be rounded down to the lower of the
two decimal places.
3.2 Standby mode and off mode.
3.2.1 Installation requirements. For the standby mode and off
mode testing, the dehumidifier shall be installed in accordance with
Section 5, Paragraph 5.2 of IEC 62301 (incorporated by reference,
see Sec. 430.3).
3.2.2 Electrical energy supply.
3.2.2.1 Electrical supply. For the standby mode and off mode
testing, maintain the electrical supply voltage indicated in section
4, ``Test Criteria,'' of the EPA's ``ENERGY STAR Program
Requirements for Dehumidifiers,'' effective January 1, 2001,
(incorporated by reference, see Sec. 430.3) and the electrical
supply frequency indicated in section 4, ``Test Criteria,'' of the
EPA's ``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Dehumidifiers,'' 1 percent.
3.2.2.2 Supply voltage waveform. For the standby mode and off
mode testing, maintain the electrical supply voltage waveform
indicated in Section 4, Paragraph 4.4 of IEC 62301, (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3).
3.2.3 Standby watt meter. The watt meter used to measure standby
mode and off mode power consumption shall have the resolution
specified in Section 4, Paragraph 4.5 of IEC 62301 (incorporated by
reference, see Sec. 430.3). The watt meter shall also be able to
record a ``true'' average power as specified in Section 5, Paragraph
5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301.
3.2.4 Standby and off mode ambient temperature. For standby mode
and off mode testing, maintain room ambient air temperature
conditions as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 4.2 of IEC 62301
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
4. Test Measurement
4.1 Active mode. Measure the energy factor for dehumidifiers,
expressed in liters per kilowatt hour (L/kWh) and product capacity
in pints per day (pints/day), in accordance with the test
requirements specified in section 4, ``Test Criteria,'' of EPA's
``ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Dehumidifiers,'' effective
January 1, 2001 (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 430.3).
4.2 Standby mode and off mode. Establish the testing conditions
set forth in section 3.2 of this Appendix. For dehumidifiers that
drop from a higher power state to a lower power state as discussed
in Section 5, Paragraph 5.1, Note 1 of IEC 62301, (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3), allow sufficient time for the
dehumidifier to reach the lower power state before proceeding with
the test measurement. Follow the test procedure specified in Section
5, Paragraph 5.3 of IEC 62301 for testing in each possible mode as
described in sections 4.2.1 through 4.2.4 of this Appendix, except
allowing the product to stabilize for at least 30 minutes and using
an energy use measurement period of not less than 10 minutes. For
units in which power varies over a cycle, as described in Section 5,
Paragraph 5.3.2 of IEC 62301, use the average power approach in
Section 5, Paragraph 5.3.2(a) of IEC 62301, except allowing the
product to stabilize for at least 30 minutes and using an energy use
measurement period of not less than 10 minutes.
4.2.1 If the dehumidifier has an inactive mode, as defined in
section 2(e) of this Appendix, measure and record the average
inactive mode power of the dehumidifier, PIA, in watts.
4.2.2 If the dehumidifier has an off-cycle mode, as defined in
section 2(g) of this Appendix, measure and record the average off-
cycle mode power of the dehumidifier, POC, in watts.
4.2.3 If the dehumidifier has a bucket full/removed mode, as
defined in section 2(b) of this Appendix, measure and record the
average bucket full/removed mode power of the dehumidifier,
PBFR, in watts.
4.2.4 If the dehumidifier has an off mode, as defined in section
2(f) of this Appendix, measure and record the average off mode
power, POFF, in watts.
5. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
5.1 Standby mode and off mode annual energy consumption.
Calculate the standby mode and off mode annual energy consumption
for dehumidifiers, ETSO, expressed in kilowatt-hours per
year, according to the following:
ETSO = [(PIA x SIA) +
(POC x SOC) + (PBFR x
SBFR) + (POFF x SOFF)] x K
Where:
PIA = dehumidifier inactive mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 4.2.1 of this Appendix.
POC = dehumidifier off-cycle mode power, in watts, as
measured in section 4.2.2 of this Appendix.
PBFR = dehumidifier bucket full/removed mode power, in
watts, as measured in section 4.2.3 of this Appendix.
POFF = dehumidifier off mode power, in watts, as measured
in section 4.2.4 of this Appendix.
If the dehumidifier has an inactive mode and off-cycle mode but
no off mode, the inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is
equal to STOT/2; the off-cycle mode annual hours,
SOC, is equal to STOT/2; and the off mode
annual hours, SOFF, is equal to 0;
STOT equals the total number of inactive mode, off-
cycle mode, and off mode hours per year, defined as:
If the dehumidifier has bucket full/removed mode,
STOT equals 3,024 hours;
If the dehumidifier does not have bucket full/removed mode,
STOT equals 3,681 hours;
If the dehumidifier has an inactive mode and off mode but no
off-cycle mode, the inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is
equal to STOT/2; the off mode annual hours,
SOFF, is equal to STOT/2; and the off-cycle
mode annual hours, SOC, is equal to 0;
If the dehumidifier has an inactive mode but no off-cycle mode
or off mode, the inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is
equal to STOT, and the off-cycle mode annual hours,
SOC, and the off mode annual hours, SOFF, are
each equal to 0;
If the dehumidifier has an off-cycle mode and off mode but no
inactive mode, the off-cycle mode annual hours, SOC, is
equal to STOT/2; the off mode annual hours,
SOFF, is equal to STOT/2; and the inactive
mode annual hours, SIA, is equal to 0;
If the dehumidifier has an off-cycle mode but no off mode or
inactive mode, the off-cycle mode annual hours, SOC, is
equal to STOT, and the off mode annual hours,
SOFF, and the inactive mode annual hours, SIA,
are each equal to 0;
If the dehumidifier has an off mode but no inactive mode or off-
cycle mode, the off mode annual hours, SOFF, is equal to
STOT, and the inactive mode annual hours, SIA,
and the off-cycle mode annual hours, SOC, are both equal
to 0;
If the dehumidifier has an inactive mode, off-cycle mode, and
off mode, the inactive mode annual hours, SIA, is equal
to STOT/3; the off-cycle mode annual hours,
SOC, is equal to STOT/3; and the off mode
annual hours, SOFF, is equal to STOT/3;
SBFR = 657, dehumidifier bucket full/removed mode annual
hours;
K = 0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
5.2 Integrated energy factor. Calculate the integrated energy
factor, IEF, expressed in liters per kilowatt-hour, rounded to two
decimal places, according to the following:
IEF = LW/(Eactive + ((ETSO x 24)/
Sactive))
Where:
LW = water removed from the air during dehumidifier
energy factor test, in liters, as measured in section 4.1 of this
Appendix.
Eactive = dehumidifier energy factor test energy
consumption, in kilowatt-hours, as measured in section 4.1 of this
Appendix.
ETSO = standby mode and off mode annual energy
consumption, in kilowatt-hours per year, as calculated in section
5.1 of this Appendix.
24 = hours per day.
Sactive = 1,095, dehumidifier active mode annual hours.
[FR Doc. 2010-29756 Filed 12-1-10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P