[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 86 (Wednesday, May 4, 2011)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 25211-25229]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-10704]
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Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
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Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 86 / Wednesday, May 4, 2011 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 25211]]
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. EERE-2009-BT-TP-0016]
RIN: 1904-AB99
Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Fluorescent Lamp
Ballasts
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) issues a final rule
amending the existing test procedures for fluorescent lamp ballasts at
Appendix Q and establishing a new test procedure at Appendix Q1. The
amendments to appendix Q update a reference to an industry test
procedure. The new test procedure at Appendix Q1 changes the efficiency
metric to ballast luminous efficiency (BLE), which is measured directly
using electrical measurements instead of the photometric measurements
employed in the test procedure at Appendix Q. The calculation of BLE
includes a correction factor to account for the reduced lighting
efficacy of low frequency lamp operation. The test procedure specifies
use of a fluorescent lamp load during testing, allowing ballasts to
operate closer to their optimal design points and providing a better
descriptor of real ballast performance compared to resistor loads. If
DOE determines that amendments to the fluorescent lamp ballast energy
conservation standards are required, they will be issued or published
by June 30, 2011, and use of the test procedures at Appendix Q1 will be
required on the compliance date of the amendments. Until that time,
manufacturers must use the procedures at Appendix Q to certify
compliance.
DATES: The effective date of the final rule is June 3, 2011. After
October 31, 2011, manufacturers may not make any representation
regarding fluorescent lamp ballast efficiency unless such ballast has
been tested in accordance with the final rule provisions in Appendix Q.
The incorporation by reference of certain standards in this
rulemaking is approved by the Director of the Office of the Federal
Register as of June 3, 2011.
ADDRESSES: The public may review copies of all materials related to
this rulemaking at the U.S. Department of Energy, Resource Room of the
Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Suite 600,
Washington, DC, (202) 586-2945, between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays. Please contact Ms. Brenda
Edwards at the above telephone number, or by e-mail at [email protected], for additional information regarding visiting the
Resource Room.
Docket: The docket is available for review at http://www.regulations.gov, including Federal Register documents, framework
documents, public meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and
other supporting documents/materials. All documents in the docket are
listed in the regulations.gov index. However, not all documents listed
in the index may be publicly available, such as information that is
exempt from public disclosure.
A link to the docket Web page can be found at: http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/fluorescent_lamp_ballasts.html. This Web page will contain a link to
the docket for this document on the http://regulations.gov site. The
regulations.gov Web page will contain simple instructions on how to
access all documents, including public comments, in the docket.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Tina Kaarsberg, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington,
DC, 20585-0121, Telephone: (202) 287-1393, E-mail:
[email protected] or Ms. Elizabeth Kohl, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of the General Counsel, GC-71, 1000 Independence Avenue,
SW., Washington, DC, 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-7796. E-mail:
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This final rule incorporates by reference
into part 430 the following industry standards:
(1) ANSI C78.81-2010, American National Standard for Electric
Lamps--Double-Capped Fluorescent Lamps--Dimensional and Electrical
Characteristics, approved January 14, 2010; IBR approved for Appendix Q
and Appendix Q1 to Subpart B.
(2) ANSI C82.1-2004 (``ANSI C82.1''), American National Standard
for Lamp Ballast--Line-Frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballast, approved
November 19, 2004; IBR approved for Appendix Q and Appendix Q1 to
Subpart B.
(3) ANSI C82.11 Consolidated-2002 (``ANSI C82.11''), American
National Standard for Lamp Ballasts--High-frequency Fluorescent Lamp
Ballasts--Supplements, approved March 11, 1999, August 5, 1999 and
January 17, 2002; IBR approved for Appendix Q and Appendix Q1 to
Subpart B.
(4) ANSI C82.13-2002 (``ANSI C82.13''), American National Standard
for Lamp Ballasts--Definitions for Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts,
approved July 23, 2002; IBR approved for Appendix Q and Appendix Q1 to
Subpart B.
These standards are available at http://webstore.ansi.org/. You can
also view copies of these standards at the U.S. Department of Energy,
Resource Room of the Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza,
SW., 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20024, (202) 586-2945, between 9 a.m.
and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
I. Authority and Background
II. Summary of the Final Rule
III. Discussion
A. Appendix Q Test Procedure
B. Appendix Q1 Test Procedure--Metric
1. Ballast Luminous Efficiency
2. BEF to BLE
C. Appendix Q1 Test Procedure--Ballast Factor
D. Appendix Q1 Test Procedure--Requirements
1. Test Conditions
2. Test Setup
3. Test Method
4. Calculations
5. Updates to Existing Test Procedure
6. Normative References for ANSI C82.2-2002
[[Page 25212]]
E. Burden to Conduct the Test Procedure
F. Impact on Measured Energy Efficiency
G. Scope of Applicability
H. Certification and Enforcement
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
M. Congressional Notification
N. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C.
6291, et seq.; ``EPCA'' or, ``the Act'') sets forth a variety of
provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. (All references to
EPCA refer to the statute as amended through the Energy Independence
and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007), Pub. L. 110-140 (Dec. 19, 2007)).
Part B of title III (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309), which was re-designated as
Part A on codification in the U.S. Code for editorial reasons,
establishes the ``Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products
Other Than Automobiles.'' These include fluorescent lamp ballasts, the
subject of today's notice. (42 U.S.C. 6291(1), (2) and 6292(a)(13))
Under EPCA, this program consists essentially of three parts: (1)
Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation standards, and
(4) certification and enforcement procedures. The testing requirements
consist of test procedures that manufacturers of covered products must
use (1) as the basis for certifying to DOE that their products comply
with the applicable energy conservation standards adopted under EPCA,
and (2) for making representations about the efficiency of those
products. Similarly, DOE must use these test requirements to determine
whether the products comply with any relevant standards promulgated
under EPCA.
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 also amended EPCA
to require DOE to review test procedures for all covered products at
least once every seven years. DOE must either amend the test procedures
or publish notice in the Federal Register of any determination not to
amend a test procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(1)(A)) To fulfill this
periodic review requirement, DOE invited comment on all aspects of the
existing test procedures for fluorescent lamp ballasts that appear at
Title 10 of the CFR part 430, Subpart B, Appendix Q (``Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Fluorescent Lamp
Ballasts'').
In a separate rulemaking proceeding, DOE is considering amending
energy conservation standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts (docket
number EERE-2007-BT-STD- 0016; hereinafter referred to as the
``standards rulemaking''). DOE initiated that rulemaking by publishing
a Federal Register (FR) notice announcing a public meeting and
availability of the framework document (``Energy Efficiency Program for
Consumer Products: Public Meeting and Availability of the Framework
Document for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts'') on January 22, 2008. 73 FR
3653. On February 6, 2008, DOE held a public meeting in Washington, DC
to discuss the framework document for the standards rulemaking
(hereinafter referred to as the ``2008 public meeting''). At that
meeting, attendees also discussed potential revisions to the test
procedure for active mode energy consumption relevant to this test
procedure rulemaking. On March 24, 2010, DOE published a notice of
public meeting and availability of the preliminary technical support
document (TSD) for the standards rulemaking. 75 FR 14319. On April 26,
2010, DOE held a public meeting to discuss the standards preliminary
analysis and the proposed test procedure discussed below. On April 11,
2011, DOE published a notice of public rulemaking (NOPR) for the
fluorescent lamp ballast standards rulemaking. 76 FR 20090.
For the test procedure, DOE published a NOPR on March 24, 2010. 75
FR 14288. As indicated above, on April 26, 2010, DOE held a public
meeting to discuss the test procedure proposals in the NOPR and the
preliminary TSD for the standards rulemaking (hereafter ``NOPR public
meeting''). DOE modified the test procedure based on the comments it
received on the NOPR. On November 24, 2010, DOE published a test
procedure supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR). 75 FR
71570. All comments on the fluorescent lamp ballast test procedure
SNOPR are discussed in section III of this rulemaking.
As discussed in the SNOPR, DOE has also established a standby mode
and off mode test procedure. The Energy Independence and Security Act
of 2007 (Pub. L. 110-140) amended EPCA to require that, for each
covered product for which DOE's current test procedures do not fully
account for standby mode and off mode energy consumption, DOE amend the
test procedures to include standby mode and off mode energy consumption
into the overall energy efficiency, energy consumption, or other energy
descriptor for that product. If an integrated test procedure is
technically infeasible, DOE must prescribe a separate standby mode and
off mode energy use test procedure, if technically feasible. (42 U.S.C.
6295(gg)(2)(A)) DOE published a final rule addressing standby mode and
off mode energy consumption for fluorescent lamp ballasts in the
Federal Register on October 22, 2009. 74 FR 54445. This final
rulemaking does not include any changes to the measurement of standby
and off mode energy consumption for fluorescent lamp ballasts.
General Test Procedure Rulemaking Process
Under 42 U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures
DOE must follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for
covered products. EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or
amended under this section be reasonably designed to produce test
results that measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual
operating cost of a covered product during a representative average use
cycle or period of use, as determined by the Secretary of Energy. Test
procedures must also not be unduly burdensome to conduct. (42 U.S.C.
6293(b)(3))
In addition, if DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is
warranted, it must publish proposed test procedures and offer the
public an opportunity to present oral and written comments on them. (42
U.S.C. 6293(b)(2)) Finally, in any rulemaking to amend a test
procedure, DOE must determine whether the proposed test procedure would
alter the measured energy efficiency of any covered product as
determined under the existing test procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1)) If
DOE determines that the amended test procedure would alter the measured
efficiency of a covered product, DOE must amend the applicable energy
conservation standard accordingly. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2)).
In today's final rule, DOE institutes a new test procedure that
measures a different metric than the test procedure at Appendix Q. The
new metric is the BLE metric described in section III.B.1. The new test
procedure will be used only with any standards developed or
[[Page 25213]]
revised using data collected with the new test procedure.
II. Summary of the Final Rule
In this test procedure final rule, DOE amends the current
procedures for fluorescent lamp ballasts to reduce measurement
variation and testing burden. These changes eliminate photometric
measurements and prescribe the use of electrical measurements of a
lamp-and-ballast system. In addition, this test procedure measures a
new metric, ballast luminous efficiency (BLE), which more directly
assesses the electrical losses in a ballast compared to the existing
ballast efficacy factor (BEF) metric. DOE also establishes a minor
update to the existing test procedure in appendix Q. The following
paragraphs summarize these changes.
In the SNOPR, DOE proposed to measure ballast input power and lamp
arc power using only electrical measurements of a lamp-and-ballast
system. Variation in the measured power of a reference lamp was
minimized by the calculation of ballast luminous efficiency, where BLE
was equal to total lamp arc power divided by ballast input power. This
proposal remains unchanged in this final rule. To account for the
increase in lamp efficacy associated with high-frequency lamp operation
versus low-frequency, DOE also proposed an adjustment to the BLE of
low-frequency systems. DOE proposed that low-frequency BLE be
multiplied by 0.9 to account for the approximately 10% increase in
lighting efficacy associated with high-frequency lamp operation. For
the final rule, DOE assigns specific lamp operating frequency
adjustment factors for each ballast type considered. The adjustment
factors more accurately approximate the increase in lighting efficacy
associated with high-frequency lamp operation. In the SNOPR, DOE also
proposed a method for calculating the ballast factor (BF) of a ballast
by dividing the measured lamp arc power on the test ballast by the
measured lamp arc power on a reference ballast. In cases where
reference ballast operating conditions were unavailable, the SNOPR
provided a reference lamp power (specific to the ballast type) from
ANSI standard C78.81-2010 or from empirical results. In this final
rule, DOE is not defining a BF measurement process because the
standards NOPR does not use BF to define product classes.
The final test procedure includes specific provisions for the
testing of ballasts identified in the proposed scope of coverage for
the standards NOPR. If the scope of coverage changes in later stages of
the standards rulemaking, DOE will by rule add or remove provisions
from the test procedure so that it is consistent with the final scope
of coverage. See section III.G for further detail.
In any rulemaking to amend a test procedure, DOE must determine
whether the proposed test procedure would alter the measured energy
efficiency of any covered product as determined under the existing test
procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1)) If DOE determines that the amended
test procedure would alter the measured efficiency of a covered
product, DOE must amend the applicable energy conservation standard
accordingly. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2)) The new test procedure will
describe the efficiency of a ballast in terms of a new metric, BLE. To
ensure that the standards developed in the ongoing standards rulemaking
account for any changes to the test procedure, DOE is developing the
standards based on the measured BLE generated by the active mode test
procedure established in this rulemaking. The revised test procedure,
to be published as Appendix Q1 of 10 CFR part 430 Subpart B, will be
required concurrent with the compliance date of any upcoming amendments
to the fluorescent lamp ballast standards. DOE is required by a consent
decree to issue any amended fluorescent lamp ballast standards by June
30, 2011.
Until use of Appendix Q1 is required, manufacturers should continue
testing these ballasts using the test procedure at Appendix Q to
determine compliance with existing standards. In the SNOPR, DOE
proposed to make minor updates to the existing test procedure,
published at Appendix Q to Subpart B of part 430. The final rule does
not affect this proposal. DOE is amending the reference to ANSI C82.2-
1984 in the existing test procedure (appendix Q) to ANSI C82.2-2002.
DOE does not believe the updated standard will impose increased testing
burden or alter the measured BEF of fluorescent lamp ballasts. The
amendments to Appendix Q are effective on June 3, 2011, and
manufacturers may not make any representation regarding fluorescent
lamp ballast efficiency unless such ballast has been tested in
accordance with the final rule provisions in Appendix Q after October
31, 2011. See 42 U.S.C. 6293(c).
In addition, the test procedures for any ballasts that operate in
standby mode are also located in Appendix Q. Manufacturers must
continue to use the standby and off mode procedures in Appendix Q for
certification purposes at this time. DOE has also included the test
procedures for any ballasts that operate in standby mode in Appendix
Q1. When use of the procedures in Appendix Q1 are required for
certification, manufacturers can continue to use the same procedure in
Appendix Q1 and will no longer need to refer to Appendix Q for that
procedure.
III. Discussion
A. Appendix Q Test Procedure
The ballast test procedure (in Appendix Q to Subpart B of 10 CFR
part 430 determines the performance of a fluorescent lamp ballast based
on light output measurements and ballast input power. The metric used
is called ballast efficacy factor (BEF). BEF is relative light output
divided by the power input of a fluorescent lamp ballast, as measured
under test conditions specified in ANSI standard C82.2-1984, or as may
be prescribed by the Secretary. (42 U.S.C. 6291(29)(C))
The BEF metric uses light output of the lamp-and-ballast system
instead of ballast electrical output power in its calculation of the
performance of a ballast. To measure relative light output, ANSI C82.2-
1984 directs the user to measure the photocell output of the test
ballast operating a reference lamp and the light output of a reference
ballast operating the same reference lamp. Dividing photocell output of
the test ballast system by the photocell output of the reference
ballast system yields relative light output or ballast factor.
Concurrent with measuring relative light output, the user is directed
to measure ballast input power. BEF is then calculated by dividing
relative light output by input power and multiplying by 100. A ballast
that produces same light output as another ballast (operating the same
lamp type and number of lamps) with less input power will have a larger
BEF.
B. Appendix Q1 Test Procedure--Metric
1. Ballast Luminous Efficiency
In the SNOPR, DOE proposed a new metric to describe the efficiency
of a ballast called ballast luminous efficiency (BLE). The BLE metric
and test procedure were based on the NEMA lamp-based ballast efficiency
(BE) test procedure considered in the test procedure NOPR. The BLE
metric is equal to ballast input power divided by the lamp arc power of
a lamp-and-ballast system. DOE also proposed that for low-frequency
ballasts the quantity ballast input power divided by lamp arc power be
multiplied by 0.9 to account for the approximately 10% increase in
lighting efficacy associated with high-
[[Page 25214]]
frequency lamp operation. In this final rule, DOE establishes lamp
specific low-frequency adjustment factors to more accurately
approximate this increase in lighting efficacy. DOE continues to use
the definition of high frequency in ANSI C82.13-2002, which includes
ballasts operating at frequencies of 10 kHz or more.
DOE proposed the BLE test procedure because it reduced measurement
variation and testing burden compared to the existing test procedure
and other alternatives. In contrast to BEF and relative system efficacy
(RSE), the BLE metric could be used to compare the efficiency across
many different types of ballasts. RSE and BEF can only be used to make
direct comparisons between ballasts that operate certain lamp types,
while BLE can be used for comparisons among ballasts that operate all
lamp types. DOE believed that the use of a lamp-and-ballast system
allowed the ballast to operate at its natural operating point and would
more accurately assess ballast performance than other methods in which
the ballast test load is a resistor. DOE also believed that the use of
electrical measurements and the calculation of BLE reduced the impact
of lamp manufacturing variation on the efficiency descriptor compared
to the existing test procedure.
NEMA commented on the assignment of an adjustment factor based on
lamp operating frequency, stating that low frequency should be defined
as 60 Hertz (Hz) and high frequency should be defined as equal to or
higher than 25 kHz. NEMA stated that it knows of no ballasts that
operate between 10 and 25 kHz, and that most ballasts operate above 40
kHz to avoid frequencies used by other devices between 32 and 40 kHz
and anti-theft devices above 50 kHz. NEMA also commented that luminaire
manufacturers have defined a specification for high frequency ballasts
that avoid frequencies of concern. (NEMA, No. 20 at p. 3 \1\)
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\1\ A notation in the form ``NEMA, No. 20 at p. 3'' identifies a
written comment that DOE has received and has included in the docket
of this rulemaking or a written docket submission. This particular
notation refers to a comment: (1) Submitted in writing on December
27, 2010; (2) in document number 20 in the docket of this
rulemaking; and (3) appearing on page 3 of the document.
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In its test data, DOE identified ten electronic ballasts
(manufactured by five different companies) that operate between 20 and
25 kHz, and intends to include these ballasts in the high frequency
category. These ballasts operate F96T12/ES, F96T8HO, F96T8HO/ES, and
F96T12HO cold temperature lamps. Therefore, DOE continues to use the
definition of high frequency provided by ANSI C82.13-2002, which
includes ballasts operating at frequencies of 10 kHz or more. DOE is
not changing its proposed definition for low-frequency ballasts, which
is defined as a ballast that operates at a supply frequency of 50 to 60
Hz and operates the lamp at the same frequency as the supply.
Other than the high frequency issue discussed above, comments
received on the metric changes proposed in the SNOPR were generally
positive. Though the CA IOUs and NEEA noted their preference for a test
procedure that continued to relate energy consumption to the light
output of the lamp and ballast system, they supported the SNOPR
proposal of lamp-based BLE. The California IOUs (CA IOUs) commented
that the test procedure proposed in the SNOPR represented a significant
improvement over the procedure proposed in the NOPR, and the Northwest
Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) fully supported DOE's proposal of a
metric and test procedure that focus on the electrical inputs and
outputs of the ballast. (CA IOUs, No. 19 at p. 1, 2; NEEA, No. 18 at p.
1, 4) The CA IOUs and NEEA concurred with DOE's observations and
arguments regarding the drawbacks of the resistor-based test procedure
and the advantages of the proposed lamp-based ballast efficiency test
procedure. (CA IOUs, No. 19 at p. 2; NEEA, No. 18 at p. 2) The Natural
Resources Defense Council (NRDC) also supported DOE's proposal to
measure lamp arc power rather than using resistor banks to simulate
lamps because it will yield more accurate and consistent results across
ballast types. (NRDC, No. 21 at p. 1) The CA IOUs and the NRDC also
agreed with DOE that the new metric will allow for increased comparison
among ballasts of different ballast factors and among ballasts intended
for operation with different numbers of lamps. Both organizations
believe this will make the new metric more useful in designing and
implementing rebate programs, and will also make it much easier to set
standard levels of compliance for government or non-government
procurement policies that specify high efficiency ballasts. (CA IOUs,
No. 19 at p. 2; NRDC, No. 21 at p. 1) Based on the general support for
the BLE metric and its use of lamp loads rather than resistor loads,
DOE establishes use of the BLE metric in the final rule.
DOE also received comment on whether the proposed name of the
metric accurately conveys what ballast properties the metric describes.
NEEA, the CA IOUs, and NRDC were dissatisfied with the name ``ballast
luminous efficiency'' suggested for the new metric. The new method
adjusts the ratio of lamp arc power to ballast input power for low-
frequency ballasts to account for the reduced light output per unit of
power input for those ballasts but does not involve the measurement of
light output. These organizations commented that the term ``luminous''
suggests the continued use of light output as part of the test
procedure and is thus misleading. (NEEA, No. 18 at p. 1; CA IOUs, No.
19 at p. 1; and NRDC, No. 21 at p. 1) NEEA suggested that the alternate
names ``ballast electrical efficiency'', ``ballast component
efficiency'', and ``ballast-lamp efficiency'' would be more descriptive
of the proposed metric since the operating frequency of the ballast is
an electrical characteristic with inherent lamp/ballast system
efficiency impacts. (NEEA, No. 18 at p. 1) The CA IOUs suggested the
names ``ballast lamp efficiency'' and ``ballast arc efficiency'' as
more accurate conveyors of the basis of the test measurement. (CA IOUs,
No. 19 at p. 1)
DOE disagrees with NEEA, NRDC, and the CA IOUs and believes ballast
luminous efficiency is the best description of the metric. In addition
to describing electrical losses, the BLE metric also accounts for the
lamp efficacy difference between low and high frequency operation. The
term ``luminous'' relates to BLE's treatment of lamp operating
frequency's impact on lamp efficacy, and the term ``efficiency''
relates to BLE's treatment of electrical losses within the ballast. The
other names suggested do not describe both of these elements.
Therefore, DOE uses the term ballast luminous efficiency in this final
rule.
2. BEF to BLE
In the SNOPR, DOE proposed a method for correlating the existing
BEF standards to BLE. Part of this correlation includes accounting for
a frequency adjustment factor (the SNOPR proposed 0.9 for low frequency
ballasts) DOE included in its BLE proposal. When converting a low-
frequency BEF to BLE, the SNOPR proposed BEF must be multiplied by 0.9
to convert to BLE. NEMA commented that DOE may be incorrectly using the
0.9 factor in its calculations of high frequency gains in efficiency.
NEMA stated that different arc powers specified for high frequency and
low frequency operation on the same lamp are specified at the same
light output, which implies that there is no further need to correct
for high frequency gains because these are already accounted for in the
different arc power specifications. (NEMA, No.
[[Page 25215]]
20 at p. 2) NEMA also commented that DOE multiplied the low frequency
BLE by 0.9 when it should have divided it by 0.9 to generate the
required BLE needed to attain the same light output and hence BEF
because low frequency operation has lower luminous efficacy. (NEMA, No.
20 at p. 2)
DOE believes there is some confusion concerning the lamp arc
wattages and adjustment factor used in the calculation of BLE from BEF.
A single BEF standard is more stringent for low frequency systems than
for high frequency systems. Therefore, if the low and high frequency
system have the same BEF and BF, the quantity lamp arc power divided by
ballast input power would be larger for the low frequency system than
for the high frequency system. In DOE's conversion technique,
multiplication by different reference lamp arc powers results in a
higher lamp arc power divided by ballast input power quantity for the
low frequency system. However, DOE has defined BLE to include an
adjustment factor based on lamp operating frequency. DOE multiplies the
quantity lamp arc power divided by ballast input power by the
adjustment factor to calculate BLE. This adjustment factor accounts for
the difference in lamp efficacy between low and high frequency
operation (because lamp efficacy cannot be assessed through electrical
measurements of the ballast). Though the BLE corresponding to a low
frequency BEF may be smaller than a BLE corresponding to a high
frequency BEF, the low-frequency BLE is still more stringent because of
the adjustment factor. The adjustment factor allows a single BLE
standard to be more stringent for low frequency systems than for high
frequency systems, consistent with the implications of a single BEF
standard.
NEEA stated that while they understand DOE's proposal (and
industry's assertions) with regard to the ability to derive BEF ratings
from the proposed BLE ratings, they would like some assurance about the
continuing availability of the BEF ratings, and the integrity of
whatever values are reported when they are not certified values. The
NEEA urged the DOE to establish the appropriate inputs for the
calculations of other metrics (e.g. BE and BEF) from the measured
proposed BLE metric before the new test procedure goes into effect.
(NEEA, No. 18 at p. 2) The CA IOUs and NRDC commented that the SNOPR
did not contain evidence that DOE has conducted significant testing of
ballasts to compare their BEF results with their BLE results to confirm
the accuracy of DOE's proposed method for conversions. These
organizations recommended that such testing be done before DOE issues
the NOPR for ballast efficiency standards. (CA IOUs, No. 19 at p. 2;
NRDC, No. 21 at p. 1)
The conversion of BEF to BLE and vice versa was necessary for DOE
to confirm that any proposed standards in the standards rulemaking were
more stringent than existing standards (i.e., to avoid backsliding),
consistent with 42 USC 6295(o)(1). The standards rulemaking will
provide more details on DOE's analysis of backsliding. DOE analyzed its
BEF to BLE conversion results and presents the comparison in this test
procedure final rule. DOE converted the tested BLE data for all of its
test ballasts to BEF using the final rule method of conversion and
compared the calculated BEF values to measured BEF values. DOE found
that the average BEF converted from BLE was 2.3 percent higher than the
average tested BEF. The standard deviation of the population of percent
differences between converted and tested BEFs was 0.043. DOE believes
that the variation around this average can be explained by the expected
variation in the BEF test method and the BLE test method. DOE notes
that manufacturers and industry members can continue to measure BEF or
can develop their own conversion methods for use in lighting design.
DOE also understands that NEMA is independently developing its own BLE
to BEF conversion technique.
Table III.1--BEF Conversion Method Validation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average:
BLE converted to BEF - Tested BEF............................. 0.033
Average:
(BLE converted to BEF - Tested BEF)/Tested BEF................ 2.3%
Standard deviation:
(BLE converted to BEF - Tested BEF)/Tested BEF................ 0.042
------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. Appendix Q1 Test Procedure--Ballast Factor
In the SNOPR, DOE proposed a method for calculating the ballast
factor (BF) of a system by dividing the measured lamp arc power on the
test ballast by the measured lamp arc power on a reference ballast. In
cases where reference ballast operating conditions were unavailable,
the SNOPR provided a reference lamp power (specific to the ballast type
and operating frequency) from an ANSI standard or from empirical
results. The ballast factor measurement was described in detail in
section III.D of the SNOPR. Particular lamp and ballast pairings were
specified for both the BLE and BF measurements.
Lighting designers commonly use the BF specification to calculate
the total system lumen output for their projects. NEEA and the CA IOUs
commented that with the proposed test method, calculation of lamp and
ballast system lumens by multiplying the rated lamp lumen output by the
candidate ballast BF would not be valid for lamps that were rated with
a low frequency reference ballast, such as full wattage 4-foot T8s.
Both organizations suggested that this problem could be addressed by
simultaneously updating the reference ballasts for full wattage T8
lamps to a high frequency ballast but stated that this is probably not
possible in this rulemaking because a change in the way rated lamp
lumen output is measured would require a new and separate rulemaking.
NEEA and the CA IOUs recommended that DOE not change the BF calculation
method unless it is able to address the stakeholder concerns. (NEEA,
No. 18 at pp. 2-3; CA IOUs, No. 19 at pp. 3-4)
The CA IOUs asked for guidance concerning when a reference ballast
should be used to determine BF versus when a number from the proposed
Table A (which contains the reference arc power values provided in ANSI
C78.81-2010 and IEC 60081 Ed. 5.0) could be used for BF calculation,
and requested more information about how the values in the Table A were
developed. The CA IOUs also commented that some values in the proposed
Table A have two significant digits while others have none, and
suggested this be corrected so all values have the same number of
significant digits. The CA IOUs suggested DOE conduct research to
obtain additional reference ballast operating characteristics at both
low and high frequency for key lamp types that are currently lacking
this information in ANSI C78.81-2010. This would include high frequency
reference ballast operating characteristics for F32T8 lamps. (CA IOUs,
No. 19 at p. 4) NRDC supported the CA IOUs' recommendation to find an
alternative to Table A. (NRDC, No. 21 at p. 2)
The CA IOUs agreed with DOE that it is important to measure lamp
arc power on the test ballast and the reference ballast with the same
lamp because of manufacturing variation in the lamps, and commented
that using a fixed denominator would unnecessarily decrease the
accuracy of the ballast factor test. (CA IOUs, No. 19 at p. 4) NEEA and
the CA IOUs expressed concern that the proposed test procedure
introduces variability by forcing a comparison of measured test values
against fixed integer reference
[[Page 25216]]
lamp arc values in the proposed Table A. (CA IOUs, No. 19 at p. 4) NEEA
commented that this seemed incongruous with DOE's goal of reducing
testing variability. NEEA also pointed out that DOE had itself
expressed reservations about the procedure and agreed with DOE's
preference for measuring lamp arc power under both reference and test
ballast/lamp conditions. (NEEA, No. 18 at pp. 2-3)
NEMA disagreed with NEEA and the CA IOUs, expressing concern about
DOE's proposal to have BF equal the ratio of measured lamp arc powers
on test and reference ballasts, stating that ballasts will respond to
each lamp differently because every lamp has a characteristic power
output. NEMA also commented that determining a reference lamp by light
output and not a predetermined wattage introduces photometric
variation, and suggested use of a predetermined wattage to give a BF of
one from which everything should be determined. NEMA commented that if
a center point wattage across all manufacturers' lamps were found, it
should be the value used for BF equal to one. NEMA suggested this
wattage could be 29 W for a full-wattage 32 W T8 lamp operated on a
high frequency electronic ballast. NEMA recognized that variations in
reference lamp parameters will affect BF calculations in some cases,
but stated that the error introduced into a BF calculation by the
variations should not be enough to influence which classification a
ballast design falls into. (NEMA, No. 20 at p. 3)
The CA IOUs expressed concern that DOE's proposal to change the way
BF is calculated has not been adequately vetted by the lighting
industry. The CA IOUs commented on the lack of evidence that DOE has
conducted significant testing to compare the proposed ballast factor
correction method with the current one, and suggested DOE conduct the
testing and publish the results to demonstrate the impacts of the new
procedure. (CA IOUs, No. 19 at p. 3) The CA IOUs also commented that
significant change to the ballast factor metric could affect its
utility in lighting design, and recommended that DOE schedule a public
meeting in early 2011 to discuss this issue. NEEA stated that lighting
designers, who will be the most affected by the ballast factor
calculation change, have not been sufficiently included in the
discussion. NEEA and the CA IOUs suggested that DOE consult
representatives of the International Association of Lighting Designers
(IALD) and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
(IESNA). (NEEA, No. 18 at p. 3; CA IOUs, No 19 at p. 3)
DOE believes there may have been some misunderstanding of the SNOPR
BF calculation method. If a candidate ballast operates at high
frequency, then a high frequency reference arc power value would be
used to calculate ballast factor. If the candidate ballast operates at
low frequency, then a low frequency reference lamp arc power value
would be used. In addition, DOE proposed that if ANSI C78.81 provided
reference ballast operating conditions at the same frequency as the
candidate ballast, then the reference lamp arc power value could be
measured directly. Based on these proposals, reference lamp arc power
values always correspond to the same operating frequency as the
candidate ballast. Nevertheless, in the fluorescent lamp ballast
standards NOPR, DOE proposed a new product class structure that no
longer makes use of BF. (76 FR 20090, April 11, 2011) In this final
rule, therefore, DOE is not prescribing a BF measurement methodology.
DOE notes that manufacturers and industry members can continue to
measure BF using their preferred methods depending on the demands of
the market and industry.
D. Appendix Q1 Test Procedure--Requirements
1. Test Conditions
In the SNOPR, DOE proposed that testing be conducted at 25 degrees
Celsius 2.0 degrees and in a draft-free environment
according to ANSI C78.375-1997.\2\ These conditions provide for mostly
uniform electrical operating characteristics for the lamp-and-ballast
system. In addition, DOE proposed that ballasts be tested using the
electrical supply characteristics found in section 4 of ANSI C82.2-2002
with the following changes: (1) Ballasts capable of operating at a
single voltage would be tested at the rated ballast input voltage; (2)
users of universal voltage ballasts would disregard the input voltage
directions in section 4.1 of ANSI C82.2-2002 that indicate a ballast
capable of operating at multiple voltages should be tested at both the
lowest and highest USA design center voltage; and (3) manufacturers use
particular revisions to the normative references associated with ANSI
C82.2-2002 (see section III.D.6 for additional detail). Instead of
testing universal voltage ballasts at the voltages indicated in ANSI
C82.2-2002, DOE proposed that testing ballasts at a single voltage
would be more appropriate and less burdensome. DOE noted that 277 V is
the most common input voltage for commercial ballasts and that 120 V is
the most common for residential ballasts and commercial cold-
temperature outdoor sign ballasts. Therefore, DOE proposed that all
universal voltage commercial ballasts be tested at 277 V and that
universal voltage residential and commercial cold-temperature outdoor
sign ballasts be tested at 120 V.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ ``American National Standard for Fluorescent Lamps--Guide
for Electrical Measurements,'' approved September 25, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CA IOUs approved of DOE's proposal that the BLE calculation for
universal voltage commercial ballasts be based on testing at 277 volts
and testing of universal voltage residential ballasts and outdoor cold
temperature sign ballasts be conducted at 120 volts. They believe this
will add clarity to the test procedure because the value reported for
compliance purposes is now specified. However, the CA IOUs commented
that manufacturers of universal voltage ballasts should be required to
publish input wattage for operation at both the upper and lower range
of universal voltage ballasts in their product literature because some
commercial spaces have 120 volt service in significant portions of the
building, such as bathrooms. Since input watts can vary by one to two
watts depending on the voltage, the CA IOUs believe it would be useful
in lighting design to consider input watts at both 277 and 120 volts.
(CA IOUs, No. 19 at pp. 2-3)
Because DOE has not received adverse comment to its test conditions
proposal in the SNOPR, the test condition requirements for this final
rule are unchanged. With regards to the comment concerning the
publication of input wattage for operation at both the upper and lower
range of universal voltage ballasts, the Federal Trade Commission has
statutory authority to establish labeling requirements for fluorescent
lamp ballasts. Manufacturers are also prohibited from making any
representation regarding the energy efficiency of a product unless the
product has been tested according to the DOE test procedure and the
representation fairly discloses the results of such testing. (42 U.S.C.
6293(c)).
2. Test Setup
NEEA, the CA IOUs, and NRDC supported the proposed method of test
wiring for programmed and rapid start ballasts without cathode cut-out.
These organizations concurred with DOE's observation that the proposed
procedure isolates lamp arc voltage by capturing heating energy in the
input power measurement, but not in the output
[[Page 25217]]
power measurement, and will appropriately measure the relative
efficiency of ballasts with cathode heating. (NEEA, No. 18 at p. 2; CA
IOUs, No. 19 at p. 2; and NRDC, No. 21 at p. 2) Based on the comments
received in support of the SNOPR test setup proposal, the setup
required in the final rule does not change.
DOE is adding one clarification to its SNOPR setup proposal with
regards to the lamp type paired with sign ballasts. In the SNOPR, DOE
proposed that all ballasts, including sign ballasts, be tested with the
most common wattage lamp typically used with that ballast type. For
sign ballasts, DOE identified 110 W 8-foot T12 lamps and 86 W 8-foot T8
lamps as being the most common. However, DOE notes that some sign
ballasts are capable of operating both T12 and T8 lamps. Based on
interviews with manufacturers, DOE believes the T12 lamp pairing is the
most common. Therefore, in the final rule, sign ballasts capable of
operating T12 and T8 lamps shall be paired with a 110 W 8-foot T12 lamp
for the purposes of determining compliance with energy conservation
standards. Sign ballasts capable of only operating T8 or only T12 lamps
shall be operated with the diameter lamp they are designed to operate.
3. Test Method
The test method required in the final rule is unchanged from the
SNOPR proposal. Once the lamp-and-ballast system is connected and
attached to the measurement instrumentation, the ballast must operate a
fluorescent lamp for a minimum of fifteen minutes to a maximum of one
hour until stability is reached. Measurements of lamp arc voltage, lamp
arc current, and lamp arc power must be taken every one second during
the stabilization period. Once the percent difference between the
minimum and maximum values for voltage, current, and power do not
exceed one percent over a four minute moving window, the system is
considered stable. Allowing the lamp and ballast system to reach its
steady state operating point will provide a more accurate assessment of
ballast performance in the field. If the system does not stabilize, a
new ballast sample is selected and the test is repeated.
After the system has stabilized, the measured input parameters are
voltage (RMS \3\), current (RMS), power, and power factor measured in
accordance with ANSI C82.2-2002. The measured output parameters include
lamp arc voltage, current, and power. Lamp arc current and voltage
measurements are taken at the specified locations according to the test
setup. Frequency of the output waveform delivered to the lamp by the
ballast is also measured.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Root mean square (RMS) voltage is a statistical measure of
the magnitude of a voltage signal. RMS voltage is equal to the
square root of the mean of all squared instantaneous voltages over
one complete cycle of the voltage signal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEMA commented that a text correction is needed on page 71578 of
the SNOPR, in the section describing lamp arc voltage measurement in
the test circuit setup. DOE stated that during lamp arc voltage
measurement, it is assumed the arc begins near the center of the
ballast cathodes. The sentence should read: ``The voltage divider would
provide a position in the circuit to measure the lamp arc voltage
assuming the arc begins near the center of the lamp (instead of
ballast) cathodes.'' (NEMA, No. 20 at p. 4) DOE agrees with NEMA that
the sentence should have referenced lamp cathodes rather than ballast
cathodes.
4. Calculations
As described in Equation 1 below, ballast luminous efficiency is
equal to total lamp arc power, divided by ballast input power,
multiplied by 100, and then multiplied by a lamp operating frequency
correction factor ([beta]).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.011
In the SNOPR, DOE proposed that the symbol [beta] be equal to 0.9
for low-frequency ballasts and equal to 1.0 for high-frequency
ballasts. NEMA commented that because the 0.9 correction factor for low
frequency ballasts is based on the IESNA handbook reference to F40T12
lamps, it should not be applied broadly to all lamp types. The 10
percent gain for the F40T12 is due to a decrease in ``end losses'' and
an increase in column efficacy due to a lower operating power. NEMA
commented that the proportional gain in efficacy due to decreased ``end
losses'' will be different for different lamp types because of
differences in column voltage. Additionally, the increase in column
efficacy from a reduction in column power may not apply to all other
lamps. NEMA stated that it would submit additional comments after it
had time to verify if a 0.93 correction factor would be appropriate for
T8 lamps, and that no correction factor should be needed for T5 lamps
because they are designed only for high frequency operation. DOE did
not receive these additional comments from NEMA on appropriate
frequency adjustment factors. Finally, NEMA stated that for ballasts
meeting ANSI C82.11 and C82.1, there should be no other appreciable
effect on fluorescent lamp efficacy from lamp current crest factor,
wave form, and lamp operating frequency. (NEMA, No. 20 at pp. 2-3)
The CA IOUs and NRDC stated that DOE's proposal to apply a factor
of 0.9 to the efficiency measurements of low frequency ballasts is an
acceptable proxy for light measurements to assess the benefits of high
frequency operation. The CA IOUs commented that they do not have data
to indicate that the variation in lamp light output due to variations
in crest factor or wave shape during high frequency operation is
significant. (CA IOUs, No. 19 at p. 2 and NRDC, No. 21 at p. 2)
In light of NEMA's comments, DOE establishes different low
frequency correction factors for the different lamp types operated by
ballasts within the scope of this final rule. DOE believes that these
factors more accurately represent the difference in arc power between
high frequency and low frequency operation for the same light output.
The adjustment factor is equal to high frequency lamp arc power divided
by low frequency lamp arc power--specific to each lamp type. DOE used
ANSI lamp data when available and empirical data when it was not. To
derive correction factors for when ANSI lamp data is unavailable for
both high and low frequency, DOE operated a lamp using the ANSI
reference ballast settings at the given rating frequency (either high
or low frequency) and recorded the light output. DOE then switched the
same lamp to a reference ballast of the frequency type not provided by
ANSI and adjusted the ballast settings to match the light output
[[Page 25218]]
with the output obtained using the first ballast. DOE recorded the lamp
arc power once the light output was matched.
Table III.2--Frequency Adjustment Factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frequency adjustment factor
Ballast type Nominal lamp Lamp diameter and base -----------------------------------
wattage Low-frequency High-frequency
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ballasts that operate straight- 32 T8 MBP..................... 0.94 1.0
shaped lamps (commonly
referred to as 4-foot medium
bipin lamps) with medium bipin
bases and a nominal overall
length of 48 inches.
34 T12 MBP.................... * 0.93 1.0
Ballasts that operate U-shaped 32 T8 MBP..................... 0.94 1.0
lamps (commonly referred to as
2-foot U-shaped lamps) with
medium bipin bases and a
nominal overall length between
22 and 25 inches.
34 T12 MBP.................... * 0.93 1.0
Ballasts that operate rapid- 86 T8 HO RDC.................. * 0.92 1.0
start lamps (commonly referred
to as 8-foot high output
lamps) with recessed double
contact bases and a nominal
overall length of 96 inches.
95 T12 HO RDC................. * 0.94 1.0
Ballasts that operate instant- 59 T8 slimline SP............. 0.95 1.0
start lamps (commonly referred
to as 8-foot slimline lamps)
with single pin bases and a
nominal overall length of 96
inches.
60 T12 slimline SP............ * 0.94 1.0
Ballasts that operate straight- 28 T5 SO Mini-BP.............. * 0.95 1.0
shaped lamps (commonly
referred to as 4-foot
miniature bipin standard
output lamps) with miniature
bipin bases and a nominal
length between 45 and 48
inches.
Ballasts that operate straight- 54 T5 HO Mini-BP.............. * 0.95 1.0
shaped lamps (commonly
referred to as 4-foot
miniature bipin high output
lamps) with miniature bipin
bases and a nominal length
between 45 and 48 inches.
Ballasts that operate rapid- 86 T8 HO RDC.................. * 0.92 1.0
start lamps (commonly referred
to as 8-foot high output
lamps) with recessed double
contact bases, a nominal
overall length of 96 inches,
and that operate at ambient
temperatures of 20 [deg]F or
less and are used in outdoor
signs.
110 T12 HO RDC................. * 0.94 1.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MBP, Mini-BP, RDC, and SP represent medium bipin, miniature bipin, recessed double contact, and single pin,
respectively.
* Empirically derived.
5. Updates to Existing Test Procedure
DOE is not changing the proposed updates to the existing test
procedure from the SNOPR in this final rule. DOE is updating the
references to ANSI standards for the existing light-output-based test
procedure. DOE is using the most recent versions of these standards,
namely ANSI C82.2-2002, ANSI C82.11-2002 \4\, and ANSI C82.1-2004. The
amendments to the existing test procedure in Appendix Q to Subpart B of
10 CFR part 430 will be effective 30 days after publication of the test
procedure final rule.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ ``American National Standards for Lamp Ballasts--High
Frequency Lamp Ballasts--Supplements,'' approved January 17, 2002.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Normative References for ANSI C82.2-2002
DOE is not changing its proposals regarding the specification of
normative references to be used with ANSI C82.2-2002 from the SNOPR in
this final rule. DOE is amending the existing fluorescent lamp ballast
test procedure in Appendix Q to incorporate references to ANSI C82.2-
2002 and including references to ANSI C82.2-2002 in the new appendix
Q1. In examining the ANSI standard, DOE found that within ANSI C82.2-
2002, there are references to other ANSI standards. In particular,
section 2 of ANSI C82.2-2002 states that ``when American National
Standards referred to in this document [ANSI C82.2-2002] are superseded
by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute,
Inc. the revision shall apply.'' Revisions to these normative standards
could potentially impact compliance with energy conservation standards
by changing the tested value for energy efficiency. Therefore, DOE is
specifying the particular versions of the ANSI standards that will be
used in conjunction with ANSI C82.2-2002. DOE is using ANSI C78.81-
2010, ANSI C82.1-2004, ANSI C82.11-2002, and ANSI C82.13-2002 in
support of ANSI C82.2-2002. All other normative references are as
directly specified in ANSI C82.2-2002. These specifications will apply
to the ANSI C82.2-2002 references in Appendix Q and to the ANSI C82.2-
2002 references in Appendix Q1.
E. Burden To Conduct the Test Procedure
EPCA requires that any test procedures prescribed or amended under
this section be reasonably designed to produce test results that
measure energy efficiency, energy use or estimated annual operating
cost of a covered product during a representative average use cycle or
period of use. Test procedures must also not be unduly burdensome to
conduct.'' (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)). Today's final test procedure
measures the performance of a ballast by computing the ratio of lamp
arc power to ballast input power and adjusting for lamp operating
frequency. The test procedure is less burdensome than the existing
procedure largely because of the simplicity of electrical measurements
compared to photometric measurements. In addition, the lamp loads are
less expensive than precision resistor loads proposed in the NOPR and
are already a common item used in test facilities. The assessment of
testing burden is discussed in more detail with reference to small
businesses in section IV.B. NEEA commented that it was
[[Page 25219]]
pleased with the basics of the proposed test procedure and supported a
test procedure that does not unduly burden manufacturers. (NEEA, No. 18
at p. 1)
To further ensure that the test procedure in this final rule is not
unduly burdensome to conduct, DOE is not changing the minimum sample
size (four) for generating a reported value or to the reported value
itself. Currently, to demonstrate compliance with energy conservation
standards, manufacturers must first test four examples of the basic
model. The reported value of BLE is then equal to either the lower 99%
confidence interval limit divided by 0.99 or the mean of the four
values, whichever is smaller.
F. Impact on Measured Energy Efficiency
In any rulemaking to amend a test procedure, DOE must determine
whether the proposed test procedure would alter the measured energy
efficiency of any covered product as determined under the existing test
procedure. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1)) If DOE determines that the amended
test procedure would alter the measured efficiency of a covered
product, DOE must amend the applicable energy conservation standard
accordingly. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2)) This final rule active mode test
procedure changes the metric used to describe the energy efficiency of
a ballast. DOE is currently amending energy conservation standards for
fluorescent lamp ballasts in the standards rulemaking. In that
rulemaking, DOE is considering standards based on the measured
efficiency of the ballast in accordance with the test procedure
prescribed in this active mode test procedure rulemaking. The BLE test
procedure final rule will not affect compliance with existing energy
conservation standards because manufacturers will not be required to
use the new test procedure until the date manufacturers are required to
comply with any amended standards.
G. Scope of Applicability
Today's test procedure final rule is applicable to the fluorescent
lamp ballasts covered in the proposed scope of coverage outlined in the
fluorescent lamp ballast standard NOPR, which includes ballasts that
operate F32T8, F34T12, F28T5SO, F54T5HO, F96T8/ES, F96T12/ES, F96T8HO,
F96T12HO/ES, and F96T12HO lamps. 76 FR 20090 (April 11, 2011). These
ballasts can operate between one and six lamps and are used in
commercial, residential, and cold-temperature outdoor sign
applications. For the test procedure in this rulemaking, DOE is
establishing particular test setups and calculations depending on type
of ballast, as described in more detail in section III.D. For example,
DOE is specifying certain fluorescent lamps and numbers of these lamps
to be paired with certain ballasts for determining ballast performance.
H. Certification and Enforcement
In the test procedure SNOPR, DOE proposed the measurement of BLE
using electrical measurements of a lamp and ballast system. DOE
believes this test procedure to be clearer and less burdensome to
conduct compared to the existing method which may result in increased
compliance. DOE also proposed that test facilities conducting
compliance testing in accordance with amended standards promulgated by
the ongoing standards rulemaking be National Volunteer Laboratory
Accreditation Program (NVLAP) accredited, a program administered by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), or accredited by
an organization recognized by NVLAP.
NVLAP accreditation is a finding of laboratory competence,
certifying that a laboratory operates in accordance with NVLAP
management and technical requirements. The NVLAP program is described
in 15 CFR part 285, and encompasses the requirements of ISO/IEC
17025.\5\ NVLAP (or an organization recognized by NVLAP) accreditation
is currently required for laboratories providing certification and
compliance data for general service fluorescent, general service
incandescent, and incandescent reflector lamps. In the SNOPR, DOE
stated that either of these accreditation requirements would ensure
that all the data DOE uses in its rulemaking comes from standardized
and quality controlled sources, increasing confidence in the precision
of the data and limiting variations due to differences between testing
laboratories. DOE determined that NVLAP imposes fees of $9000 and $8000
on years one and two of accreditation. For the years following, the
fees alternate between $5000 and $8000, with the $8000 fee
corresponding to the on-site evaluation required every other year. Fees
for other accreditation organizations are expected to be similar. DOE
invited comment on the benefits and burden imposed by the requirement
that certification and compliance data come from an NVLAP or NVLAP
recognized organization accredited laboratory.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ International Organization for Standardization/International
Electrotechnical Commission, General requirements for the competence
of testing and calibration laboratories. ISO/IEC 17025.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEMA agreed with DOE that there should be an accreditation
requirement for laboratories generating certification and compliance
data, but does not believe NVLAP accreditation or recognition should be
the only option. NEMA recommended that the accreditation requirements
should read: ``Laboratory accreditation is by ISO17025 accreditation on
ballast energy efficiency procedures such as Underwriter Laboratories,
Council of Canada, etc * * *'' (NEMA, No. 20 at p. 4).
NEEA and NRDC strongly supported the proposed requirement that all
certification and compliance testing be done at NVLAP accredited or
recognized laboratories to establish a testing regime that will produce
accurate and repeatable results. (NEEA, No. 18 at p. 4 and NRDC, No. 21
at p. 2) The CA IOUs also agreed with DOE, noting that the overwhelming
majority of ballasts tested by DOE showed significantly higher measured
BEFs than their reported catalog values. The CA IOUs believe that
requiring testing from accredited third party labs will help ensure
testing consistency. (CA IOUs, No. 19 at p. 5) Earthjustice agreed with
DOE that requiring NVLAP accreditation or recognition for labs that do
certification and compliance data will increase the integrity of test
data, adding that this requirement is especially important given DOE's
proposal to allow manufacturers to manufacture and test their own
products. Earthjustice believes that the benefits of the requirement
outweigh any potential burdens because the added per-unit cost would be
a negligible fraction of a penny. (Earthjustice, No. 22 at p. 1)
In this final rule, DOE is amending the laboratory accreditation
requirements to be by ISO17025 accreditation on ballast energy
efficiency procedures. Accreditation must be done by NVLAP or a NVLAP-
recognized organization, Underwriter Laboratories, or Council of
Canada. DOE invites interested parties to suggest whether organizations
should be added or removed from the list of accepted accrediting bodies
which could be incorporated in a future test procedure amendment.
During manufacturer interviews, DOE learned that gaining NVLAP
accreditation could take between six months and two years. This final
rule imposes laboratory accreditation requirements only for compliance
testing using Appendix Q1.
[[Page 25220]]
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget has determined that test
procedure rulemakings do not constitute ``significant regulatory
actions'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory
Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993). Accordingly, this
action was not subject to review under the Executive Order by the
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB).
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IFRA) for
any rule that by law must be proposed for public comment, unless the
agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As required by Executive Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small
Entities in Agency Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (August 16, 2002), DOE
published procedures and policies on February 19, 2003, to ensure that
the potential impacts of its rules on small entities are properly
considered during the DOE rulemaking process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made
its procedures and policies available on the Office of the General
Counsel's Web site: http://www.gc.doe.gov.
DOE certified to the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business
Administration (SBA) that the proposed test procedure for ballasts
would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities, and updated that certification in the SNOPR. The
factual basis for that certification is as follows:
The SBA has set a size threshold for manufacturers of fluorescent
lamp ballasts that defines those entities classified as ``small
businesses'' for the purposes of the Regulatory Flexibility Analysis.
DOE used the SBA's small business size standards to determine whether
any small manufacturers of fluorescent lamp ballasts would be subject
to the requirements of the rule. 65 FR 30836, 30850 (May 15, 2000), as
amended at 65 FR 53533, 53545 (September 5, 2000) and codified at 13
CFR part 121. The size standards are listed by North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) code and industry description and are
available at http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_sstd_tablepdf.pdf. Fluorescent lamp ballast
manufacturing is classified under NAICS 335311, ``Power, Distribution,
& Specialty Transformer Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a threshold of
750 employees or less for an entity to be considered as a small
business for this category.
To identify potential small manufacturers as defined by SBA, DOE
conducted a market survey using all available public information. DOE's
research involved several industry trade association membership
directories, product databases, individual company Web sites, and
marketing research tools (e.g., Dun and Bradstreet reports) to create a
list of every company that manufactures or sells fluorescent lamp
ballasts covered by this rulemaking. DOE reviewed all publicly-
available data and contacted companies on its list, as necessary, to
determine whether they met the SBA's definition of a small business
manufacturer of covered fluorescent lamp ballasts. DOE screened out
companies that did not offer fluorescent lamp ballasts covered by this
rulemaking, did not meet the definition of a ``small business,'' or are
foreign owned and operated. Ultimately, DOE identified approximately 10
fluorescent lamp ballast manufacturers that produce covered fluorescent
lamp ballasts and can potentially be considered small businesses out of
the at least 54 ballast manufacturers identified in the fluorescent
lamp ballast standards NOPR.
The final rule includes revisions to appendix Q and a new appendix
Q1. The revisions to appendix Q update an industry reference and do not
change the test method or increase testing burden. The only difference
between the two test procedures relates to the interference of testing
instrumentation. Specifically, the input power measurement of ANSI
C82.2-2002 reduces the interference of instrumentation on the input
power measurement as compared to ANSI C82.2-1984. The vast majority of
companies and testing facilities, however, already employ modern
instrumentation that does not significantly interfere with input power
measurements. Thus, updating this industry reference would not impose
additional financial burden in terms of labor or materials. As
described in more detail in section III.D, the amended test procedure
for appendix Q1 is generally less burdensome compared to the existing
test procedure, while reducing measurement variation. This procedure
uses only electrical measurements which are generally simpler and more
quickly carried out than photometric measurements. The final test
procedure only uses a reference ballast once every 24 hours, rather
than during the performance evaluation of each individual ballast. This
change reduces the number of measurements necessary for assigning a BLE
to a ballast compared to the number of measurements necessary for BEF
under the existing test procedure. In addition, the final test method
specifies a shorter lamp seasoning period (12 hours versus 100 hours)
because the lamp's electrical characteristics stabilize sooner than its
photometric characteristics.
To analyze the testing burden impacts described above on small
business manufacturers, DOE first sought to examine publically
available financial data for those companies identified as small
businesses to compare the estimated revenue and profit of these
businesses to the anticipated testing burden associated with this final
test procedure. In the SNOPR, DOE determined that all the identified
small business manufacturers were privately owned, and as a result,
financial data was not publically available. DOE estimates that the
incremental testing costs for an average small business would be no
more and likely less than testing costs under the existing BEF test
procedure for the reasons set forth in the following paragraph.
The BLE procedure requires no additional equipment compared to the
existing test procedure and eliminates the usage of photocells or an
integrating sphere. In addition, the existing BEF test procedure
requires measurements of lamp light output on a reference ballast and
measurements on a test ballast during each test. Light output
measurements and electrical measurements of the reference system can
require one to two hours depending on the number of reference ballasts
available and the speed at which the lamp reaches photometric
stability. Light output and electrical measurements of the test ballast
are taken immediately after switching the lamps from the reference to
the test system. In contrast, the BLE procedure in this final rule
requires the reference lamps to be measured and stabilized on a
reference ballast only once every twenty four hours. After this
stabilization, subsequent testing of the ballasts of interest can take
between 15 and 60 minutes. In the SNOPR, DOE estimated that between 4
and 8 ballast samples could be completed in an eight hour period using
the existing BEF test procedure, while between 8 and 16 tests could be
completed using the BLE test procedure. Therefore, DOE estimated the
BLE procedure could result in an
[[Page 25221]]
incremental reduction in testing time of about 50%. Assuming the labor
rate for carrying out either procedure is $100 per hour, the BLE
procedure could reduce testing costs by $50 to $100 dollars per test.
DOE noted that depending on setup, some facilities may see less of a
reduction in testing time or potentially no change in testing time.
Finally, as presented in the SNOPR, DOE believes the cost of test
laboratory accreditation is approximately $8000 per year, which DOE
believes would not be a significant impact.
On the basis of the foregoing, DOE concluded that this final rule
would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small
entities. Accordingly, DOE has not prepared a regulatory flexibility
analysis for this rulemaking. DOE has provided its certification and
supporting statement of factual basis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy
of the Small Business Administration for review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of fluorescent lamp ballasts must certify to DOE that
their product complies with any applicable energy conservation
standard. In certifying compliance, manufacturers must test their
product according to the DOE test procedure for fluorescent lamp
ballasts, including any amendments adopted for that test procedure. DOE
has proposed regulations for the certification and recordkeeping
requirements for all covered consumer products and commercial
equipment, including fluorescent lamp ballasts. 75 FR 56796 (Sept. 16,
2010). The collection-of-information requirement for the certification
and recordkeeping has been approved by OMB under control number 1910-
1400. As described in the NOPR, the public reporting burden for the
certification is estimated to average 20 hours per response, including
the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,
gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing
the collection of information.
Public comment is sought regarding: whether this proposed
collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of
the functions of the agency, including whether the information shall
have practical utility; the accuracy of the burden estimate; ways to
enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be
collected; and ways to minimize the burden of the collection of
information, including through the use of automated collection
techniques or other forms of information technology. Send comments on
these or any other aspects of the collection of information to Tina
Kaarsberg (see ADDRESSES) and by e-mail to [email protected].
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this final rule, DOE amends its test procedure for fluorescent
lamp ballasts. DOE has determined that this rule falls into a class of
actions that are categorically excluded from review under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and DOE's
implementing regulations at 10 CFR part 1021. Specifically, this rule
amends an existing rule without affecting the amount, quality or
distribution of energy usage, and, therefore, will not result in any
environmental impacts. Thus, this rulemaking is covered by Categorical
Exclusion A5 under 10 CFR part 1021, subpart D, which applies to any
rulemaking that interprets or amends an existing rule without changing
the environmental effect of that rule. Accordingly, neither an
environmental assessment nor an environmental impact statement is
required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (August 4, 1999)
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have Federalism
implications. The Executive Order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive Order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have Federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE examined this final rule and determined
that it will not have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal preemption of State
regulations as to energy conservation for the products that are the
subject of today's final rule. States can petition DOE for exemption
from such preemption to the extent, and based on criteria, set forth in
EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297(d)) No further action is required by Executive
Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
Regarding the review of existing regulations and the promulgation
of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, ``Civil
Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that Executive agencies make every reasonable
effort to ensure that the regulation: (1) Clearly specifies the
preemptive effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing
Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for
affected conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction;
(4) specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines
key terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity
and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
this final rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA)
requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. Public Law 104-4, sec. 201 (codified at 2 U.S.C. 1531).
For a regulatory action resulting in a rule that may cause the
expenditure by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the
[[Page 25222]]
aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 million or more in any one
year (adjusted annually for inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a
Federal agency to publish a written statement that estimates the
resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy.
(2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to
develop an effective process to permit timely input by elected officers
of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate,'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820; also available
at http://www.gc.doe.gov. DOE examined today's final rule according to
UMRA and its statement of policy and determined that the rule contains
neither an intergovernmental mandate, nor a mandate that may result in
the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year, so these
requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any rule that may affect family well-being.
Today's final rule will not have any impact on the autonomy or
integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE has
concluded that it is not necessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation will not
result in any takings that might require compensation under the Fifth
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
J. Review Under Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516 note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. OMB's guidelines were published at 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and
DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has
reviewed today's final rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and has
concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to OMB,
a Statement of Energy Effects for any significant energy action. A
``significant energy action'' is defined as any action by an agency
that promulgated or is expected to lead to promulgation of a final
rule, and that: (1) Is a significant regulatory action under Executive
Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is likely to have a
significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy; or (3) is designated by the Administrator of OIRA as a
significant energy action. For any significant energy action, the
agency must give a detailed statement of any adverse effects on energy
supply, distribution, or use if the regulation is implemented, and of
reasonable alternatives to the action and their expected benefits on
energy supply, distribution, and use.
Today's regulatory action is not a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866. Moreover, it would not have a significant
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy, nor has
it been designated as a significant energy action by the Administrator
of OIRA. Therefore, it is not a significant energy action, and,
accordingly, DOE has not prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91; 42 U.S.C. 7101), DOE must comply with section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977. (15 U.S.C. 788; FEAA)
Section 32 essentially provides in relevant part that, where a proposed
rule authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE to consult with
the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission
(FTC) concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards on
competition.
This final test procedure incorporates testing methods contained in
the following commercial standards: ANSI C78.81-2010, Revision of ANSI
C78.81-2005 (``ANSI C78.81-2010''), American National Standard for
Electric Lamps--Double-Capped Fluorescent Lamps--Dimensional and
Electrical Characteristics; ANSI C82.1-2004, Revision of ANSI C82.1-
1997 (``ANSI C82.1''), American National Standard for Lamp Ballast--
Line-Frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballast; ANSI C82.2-2002, Revision of
ANSI C82.2-1994 (R1995), American National Standard for Lamp Ballasts-
Method of Measurement of Fluorescent Ballasts; ANSI C82.11-2002,
Revision of ANSI C82.11-1993 (``ANSI C82.11''), American National
Standard for Lamp Ballasts--High-frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts;
ANSI C82.13-2002 (``ANSI C82.13''), American National Standard for Lamp
Ballasts--Definitions for Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts; ANSI C78.375-
1997, Revision of ANSI C78.375-1991 (``ANSI C78.375''), American
National Standard for Fluorescent Lamps--Guide for Electrical
Measurements, first edition; ANSI C82.3-2002, Revision of ANSI C82.3-
1983 (R 1995) (``ANSI C82.3''), American National Standard for
Reference Ballasts for Fluorescent Lamps. DOE has evaluated these
standards and was unable to conclude whether they fully comply with the
requirements of section 32(b) of the FEAA (i.e. whether it was
developed in a manner that fully provides for public participation,
comment, and review.) DOE has consulted with both the Attorney General
and the Chairman of the FTC about the impact on competition of using
the methods contained in these standards and has received no comments
objecting to their use.
M. Congressional Notification
As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will report to Congress on the
promulgation of today's rule before its effective date. The report will
state that it has been determined that the rule is not a ``major rule''
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
N. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this final
rule.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Imports,
[[Page 25223]]
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Small
businesses.
Issued in Washington, DC, on April 26, 2011.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Technology
Development, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, DOE amends part 430 of
Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations as set forth below:
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
0
1. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
0
2. Section 430.3 is amended by:
0
a. Redesignating paragraph (c)(13) as (c)(17); (c)(12) as (c)(13);
(c)(11) as (c)(14); and paragraphs (c)(6) through (c)(10) as (c)(7)
through (c)(11), respectively;
0
b. Removing in redesignated paragraphs (c)(7) and (c)(14) the words
``Appendix R'' and adding in their place ``Appendix Q, Appendix Q1 and
Appendix R'';
0
c. Revising redesignated paragraph (c)(13);
0
d. Adding new paragraphs (c)(6), (c)(12), (c)(15) and (c)(16) to read
as set forth below;
0
e. Removing and reserving paragraph (d).
These revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 430. 3 Materials incorporated by reference.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(6) ANSI--IEC C78.81-2010 (``ANSI C78.81-2010''), American National
Standard for Electric Lamps--Double-Capped Fluorescent Lamps--
Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics, approved January 14, 2010;
IBR approved for Appendix Q and Appendix Q1 to Subpart B.
* * * * *
(12) ANSI C82.1-2004, (``ANSI C82.1''), American National Standard
for Lamp Ballast--Line Frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballast, approved
November 19, 2004; IBR approved for Appendix Q and Appendix Q1 to
Subpart B.
(13) ANSI C82.2-2002, (``ANSI C82.2''), American National Standard
for Lamp Ballasts--Method of Measurement of Fluorescent Ballasts,
Approved June 6, 2002, IBR approved for Appendix Q and Appendix Q1 to
Subpart B.
* * * * *
(15) ANSI C82.11 Consolidated-2002, (``ANSI C82.11''), American
National Standard for Lamp Ballasts--High-frequency Fluorescent Lamp
Ballasts--Supplements, approved March 11, 1999, August 5, 1999 and
January 17, 2002; IBR approved for Appendix Q and Appendix Q1 to
Subpart B.
(16) ANSI C82.13-2002 (``ANSI C82.13''), American National Standard
for Lamp Ballasts--Definitions for Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts,
approved July 23, 2002; IBR approved for Appendix Q and Appendix Q1 to
Subpart B.
* * * * *
(d) [Reserved]
* * * * *
0
3. Section 430.23 is amended by revising paragraph (q) to read as
follows:
Sec. 430.23 Test procedures for the measurement of energy and water
consumption.
* * * * *
(q) Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts. (1) The Estimated Annual Energy
Consumption (EAEC) for fluorescent lamp ballasts, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per year, shall be the product of:
(i) The input power in kilowatts as determined in accordance with
section 3.1.3.1 of appendix Q to this subpart; and
(ii) The representative average use cycle of 1,000 hours per year,
the resulting product then being rounded off to the nearest kilowatt-
hour per year.
(2) Ballast Efficacy Factor (BEF) shall be as determined in section
4.2 of appendix Q of this subpart.
(3) The Estimated Annual Operating Cost (EAOC) for fluorescent lamp
ballasts, expressed in dollars per year, shall be the product of:
(i) The representative average unit energy cost of electricity in
dollars per kilowatt-hour as provided by the Secretary,
(ii) The representative average use cycle of 1,000 hours per year,
and
(iii) The input power in kilowatts as determined in accordance with
section 3.1.3.1 of appendix Q to this subpart, the resulting product
then being rounded off to the nearest dollar per year.
(4) Standby power consumption of certain fluorescent lamp ballasts
shall be measured in accordance with section 3.2 of appendix Q to this
subpart.
* * * * *
0
4. Section 430.25 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 430.25 Laboratory Accreditation Program.
Testing for fluorescent lamp ballasts performed in accordance with
appendix Q1 to this subpart shall comply with this section Sec.
430.25. The testing for general service fluorescent lamps, general
service incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector lamps shall be
performed in accordance with appendix R to this subpart. The testing
for medium base compact fluorescent lamps shall be performed in
accordance with appendix W of this subpart. This testing shall be
conducted by test laboratories accredited by the National Voluntary
Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) or by an accrediting
organization recognized by NVLAP. NVLAP is a program of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NVLAP standards for accreditation of laboratories that test for
compliance with standards for fluorescent lamp ballast luminous
efficiency (BLE), lamp efficacy, and CRI are set forth in 15 CFR part
285. A manufacturer's or importer's own laboratory, if accredited, may
conduct the applicable testing. Testing for BLE may also be conducted
by laboratories accredited by Underwriters Laboratories or Council of
Canada. Testing for fluorescent lamp ballasts performed in accordance
with appendix Q to this subpart is not required to be conducted by test
laboratories accredited by NVLAP or an accrediting organization
recognized by NVLAP.
0
5. Appendix Q to subpart B of part 430 is amended by:
0
a. Revising sections 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, and 2.
0
b. Redesignating sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.4,
3.4.1, and 3.4.2 as sections 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.3.1, 3.1.3.2,
3.1.3.3, 3.1.4, 3.1.4.1, and 3.1.4.2, respectively.
0
c. Revising redesignated sections 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3.1, 3.1.3.2,
3.1.3.3, 3.1.4.1, and 3.1.4.2.
0
d. Redesignating sections 3.5, 3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.3, 3.5.3.1, 3.5.3.2,
3.5.3.3, and 3.5.3.4 as sections 3.2, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.4, 3.2.4.1,
3.2.4.2, 3.2.4.3, and 3.2.4.4, respectively.
0
e. Adding sections 3.1 and 3.2.1.
0
f. Revising section 4.
These revisions and additions read as follows:
Appendix Q to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts
1. * * *
1.15 Power Factor means the power input divided by the product
of ballast input
[[Page 25224]]
voltage and input current of a fluorescent lamp ballast, as measured
under test conditions specified in ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3).
1.16 Power input means the power consumption in watts of a
ballast a fluorescent lamp or lamps, as determined in accordance
with the test procedures specified in ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3).
1.17 Relative light output means the light output delivered
through the use of a ballast divided by the light output of a
reference ballast, expressed as a percent, as determined in
accordance with the test procedures specified in ANSI C82.2
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
* * * * *
2. Test Conditions.
2.1 Measurement of Active Mode Energy Consumption, BEF. The test
conditions for testing fluorescent lamp ballasts shall be done in
accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3). Any subsequent amendment to this standard by the standard
setting organization will not affect the DOE test procedures unless
and until amended by DOE. The test conditions for measuring active
mode energy consumption are described in sections 4, 5, and 6 of
ANSI C82.2. The test conditions described in this section (2.1) are
applicable to section 3.1 of section 3, Test Method and
Measurements. For section 2.1 and 3, when ANSI C82.2 is referenced,
ANSI C78.81-2010 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), ANSI
C82.1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), ANSI C82.11
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), and ANSI C82.13
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3) shall be used instead
of the versions listed as normative references in ANSI C82.2.
2.2 Measurement of Standby Mode Power. The measurement of
standby mode power need not be performed to determine compliance
with energy conservation standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts at
this time. This and the previous statement will be removed as part
of a rulemaking to amend the energy conservation standards for
fluorescent lamp ballasts to account for standby mode energy
consumption, and the following shall apply on the compliance date
for any such requirements.
The test conditions for testing fluorescent lamp ballasts shall
be done in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by reference;
see Sec. 430.3). Any subsequent amendment to this standard by the
standard setting organization will not affect the DOE test
procedures unless and until amended by DOE. The test conditions for
measuring standby power are described in sections 5, 7, and 8 of
ANSI C82.2. Fluorescent lamp ballasts that are capable of
connections to control devices shall be tested with all commercially
available compatible control devices connected in all possible
configurations. For each configuration, a separate measurement of
standby power shall be made in accordance with section 3.2 of the
test procedure.
3. * * *
3.1 Active Mode Energy Efficiency Measurement
3.1.1 The test method for testing the active mode energy
efficiency of fluorescent lamp ballasts shall be done in accordance
with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3). Where
ANSI C82.2 references ANSI C82.1-1997, the operator shall use ANSI
C82.1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3) for testing low-
frequency ballasts and ANSI C82.11 (incorporated by reference; see
Sec. 430.3) for high-frequency ballasts.
3.1.2 Instrumentation. The instrumentation shall be as specified
by sections 5, 7, 8, and 15 of ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3).
3.1.3 * * *
3.1.3.1 Input Power. Measure the input power (watts) to the
ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by reference;
see Sec. 430.3), section 4.
3.1.3.2 Input Voltage. Measure the input voltage (volts) (RMS)
to the ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3), section 3.2.1 and section 4.
3.1.3.3 Input Current. Measure the input current (amps) (RMS) to
the ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3), section 3.2.1 and section 4.
3.1.4 * * *
3.1.4.1 Measure the light output of the reference lamp with the
reference ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3), section 12.
3.1.4.2 Measure the light output of the reference lamp with the
test ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3), section 12.
3.2. * * *
3.2.1 The test for measuring standby mode energy consumption of
fluorescent lamp ballasts shall be done in accordance with ANSI
C82.2 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
* * * * *
4. Calculations.
4.1 Calculate relative light output:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.012
Where: photocell output of lamp on test ballast is determined in
accordance with section 3.1.4.2, expressed in watts, and photocell
output of lamp on ref. ballast is determined in accordance with
section 3.1.4.1, expressed in watts.
4.2. Determine the Ballast Efficacy Factor (BEF) using the
following equations:
(a) Single lamp ballast
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.013
(b) Multiple lamp ballast
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.014
Where:
Input power is determined in accordance with section 3.1.3.1,
relative light output as defined in section 4.1, and average
relative light output is the relative light output, as defined in
section 4.1, for all lamps, divided by the total number of lamps.
4.3 Determine Ballast Power Factor (PF):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.015
Where:
Input power is as defined in section 3.1.3.1, Input voltage is
determined in accordance with section 3.1.3.2, expressed in volts,
and Input current is determined in accordance with section 3.1.3.3,
expressed in amps.
0
6. Appendix Q1 is added to subpart B of part 430 to read as follows:
Appendix Q1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts
1. Definitions
1.1. AC control signal means an alternating current (AC) signal
that is supplied to the ballast using additional wiring for the
purpose of controlling the ballast and putting the ballast in
standby mode.
1.2. Active Mode means the condition in which an energy-using
product--
(a) Is connected to a main power source;
(b) Has been activated; and
(c) Provides 1 or more main functions.
1.3. Cathode heating refers to power delivered to the lamp by
the ballast for the purpose of raising the temperature of the lamp
electrode or filament.
1.4. Commercial ballast is a fluorescent lamp ballast that is
not a residential ballast as defined in section 1.13 and meets
technical standards for non-consumer radio frequency lighting
devices as specified in subpart C of 47 CFR part 18.
1.5. DC control signal means a direct current (DC) signal that
is supplied to the ballast using additional wiring for the purpose
of controlling the ballast and putting the ballast in standby mode.
1.6. High-frequency ballast is as defined in ANSI C82.13
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
1.7. Instant-start is the starting method used instant-start
systems as defined in ANSI C82.13 (incorporated by reference; see
Sec. 430.3).
1.8. Low-frequency ballast is a fluorescent lamp ballast that
operates at a supply
[[Page 25225]]
frequency of 50 to 60 Hz and operates the lamp at the same frequency
as the supply.
1.9. PLC control signal means a power line carrier (PLC) signal
that is supplied to the ballast using the input ballast wiring for
the purpose of controlling the ballast and putting the ballast in
standby mode.
1.10. Programmed-start is the starting method used in
programmed-start systems as defined in ANSI C82.13 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3).
1.11. Rapid-start is the starting method used in rapid-start
type systems as defined in ANSI C82.13 (incorporated by reference;
see Sec. 430.3).
1.12. Reference lamp is a fluorescent lamp that meets certain
operating conditions as defined by ANSI C82.13 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3).
1.13. Residential ballast is a fluorescent lamp ballast designed
and labeled for use in residential applications. Residential
ballasts must meet the technical standards for consumer RF lighting
devices as specified in subpart C of 47 CFR part 18.
1.14. RMS is the root mean square of a varying quantity.
1.15. Standby mode means the condition in which an energy-using
product--
(a) Is connected to a main power source; and
(b) Offers one or more of the following user-oriented or
protective functions:
(i) To facilitate the activation or deactivation of other
functions (including active mode) by remote switch (including remote
control), internal sensor, or timer.
(ii) Continuous functions, including information or status
displays (including clocks) or sensor-based functions.
1.16. Wireless control signal means a wireless signal that is
radiated to and received by the ballast for the purpose of
controlling the ballast and putting the ballast in standby mode.
2. Active Mode Procedure
2.1. Where ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3) references ANSI C82.1-1997, the operator shall use ANSI C82.1
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3) for testing low-
frequency ballasts and shall use ANSI C82.11 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3) for high-frequency ballasts. In
addition, when ANSI C82.2 is referenced, ANSI C78.81-2010
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), ANSI C82.1, ANSI
C82.11-2002, and ANSI C82.13 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3) shall be used instead of the versions listed as normative
references in ANSI C82.2.
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. All instruments shall be as specified by ANSI C82.2
(incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
2.2.2. Power Analyzer. In addition to the specifications in ANSI
C82.2 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), the power
analyzer shall have a maximum 100 pF capacitance to ground and
frequency response between 40 Hz and 1 MHz.
2.2.3. Current Probe. In addition to the specifications in ANSI
C82.2 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), the current
probe shall be galvanically isolated and have frequency response
between 40 Hz and 20 MHz.
2.3. Test Setup
2.3.1. The ballast shall be connected to a main power source and
to the fluorescent lamp load according to the manufacturer's wiring
instructions and ANSI C82.1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3) and ANSI C78.81-2010 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3).
2.3.1.1.1. Wire lengths between the ballast and fluorescent lamp
shall be the length provided by the ballast manufacturer. Wires
shall be kept loose and not shortened or bundled.
2.3.1.1.1.1. If the wire lengths supplied with the ballast are
of insufficient length to reach both ends of lamp, additional wire
may be added. The minimal additional wire length necessary shall be
added, and the additional wire shall be the same wire gauge as the
wire supplied with the ballast. If no wiring is provided with the
ballast, 18 gauge or thicker wire shall be used. The wires shall be
separated from each other and ground to prevent parasitic
capacitance for all wires used in the apparatus, including those
wires from the ballast to the lamps and from the lamps to the
measuring devices.
2.3.1.1.2. The fluorescent lamp shall meet the specifications of
a reference lamp as defined by ANSI C82.13 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3) and be seasoned at least 12 hours.
2.3.1.2. The ballast shall be connected to the number of lamps
equal to the maximum number of lamps the ballast is designed to
operate.
2.3.1.3. The ballast shall be tested with a reference lamp of
the nominal wattage listed in Table A of this section.
2.3.1.4. For ballasts that operate rapid-start lamps (commonly
referred to as 8-foot high output lamps) with recessed double
contact bases, a nominal overall length of 96 inches, and that
operate at ambient temperatures of 20 [deg]F or less and are used in
outdoor signs (sign ballasts):
2.3.1.4.1. A T8 lamp in accordance with Table A of this section
shall be used for sign ballasts that only operate T8 lamps.
2.3.1.4.2. A T12 lamp in accordance with Table A of this section
shall be used for sign ballasts that only operate T12 lamps.
2.3.1.4.3. A T12 lamp in accordance with Table A of this section
shall be used for sign ballasts that are capable of operating both
T8 and T12 lamps.
Table A--Lamp-and-Ballast Pairings and Frequency Adjustment Factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frequency adjustment factor
Nominal lamp ([beta])
Ballast type wattage Lamp diameter and base -----------------------------------
Low-frequency High- frequency
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ballasts that operate straight- 32 T8 MBP..................... 0.94 1.0
shaped lamps (commonly 34 T12 MBP.................... 0.93 1.0
referred to as 4-foot medium
bipin lamps) with medium bipin
bases and a nominal overall
length of 48 inches.
Ballasts that operate U-shaped 32 T8 MBP..................... 0.94 1.0
lamps (commonly referred to as 34 T12 MBP.................... 0.93 1.0
2-foot U-shaped lamps) with
medium bipin bases and a
nominal overall length between
22 and 25 inches.
Ballasts that operate rapid- 86 T8 HO RDC.................. 0.92 1.0
start lamps (commonly referred 95 T12 HO RDC................. 0.94 1.0
to as 8-foot-high output
lamps) with recessed double
contact bases and a nominal
overall length of 96 inches.
Ballasts that operate instant- 59 T8 slimline SP............. 0.95 1.0
start lamps (commonly referred 60 T12 slimline SP............ 0.94 1.0
to as 8-foot slimline lamps)
with single pin bases and a
nominal overall length of 96
inches.
Ballasts that operate straight- 28 T5 SO Mini-BP.............. 0.95 1.0
shaped lamps (commonly
referred to as 4-foot
miniature bipin standard
output lamps) with miniature
bipin bases and a nominal
length between 45 and 48
inches.
Ballasts that operate straight- 54 T5 HO Mini-BP.............. 0.95 1.0
shaped lamps (commonly
referred to as 4-foot
miniature bipin high output
lamps) with miniature bipin
bases and a nominal length
between 45 and 48 inches.
[[Page 25226]]
Ballasts that operate rapid- 86 T8 HO RDC.................. 0.92 1.0
start lamps (commonly referred 110 T12 HO RDC................. 0.94 1.0
to as 8-foot high output
lamps) with recessed double
contact bases, a nominal
overall length of 96 inches,
and that operate at ambient
temperatures of 20 [deg]F or
less and are used in outdoor
signs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MBP, Mini-BP, RDC, and SP represent medium bipin, miniature bipin, recessed double contact, and single pin,
respectively.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3.2. Power Analyzer
2.3.2.1. The power analyzer shall have n+1 channels where n is
the number of lamps a ballast operates.
2.3.2.2. Lamp Arc Voltage. Leads from the power analyzer should
attach to each fluorescent lamp according to Figure 1 of this
section for rapid- and programmed-start ballasts, Figure 2 of this
section for instant-start ballasts operating single pin (SP) lamps,
and Figure 3 of this section for instant-start ballasts operating
medium bipin (MBP), miniature bipin (mini-BP), or recessed double
contact (RDC) lamps. The programmed- and rapid-start ballast test
setup includes two 1000 ohm resistors placed in parallel with the
lamp pins to create a midpoint from which to measure lamp arc
voltage.
2.3.2.3. Lamp Arc Current. A current probe shall be positioned
on each fluorescent lamp according to Figure 1 for rapid- and
programmed-start ballasts, Figure 2 of this section for instant-
start ballasts operating SP lamps, and Figure 3 of this section for
instant-start ballasts operating MBP, mini-BP, and RDC lamps.
2.3.2.3.1. For the lamp arc current measurement, the full
transducer ratio shall be set in the power analyzer to match the
current probe to the power analyzer.
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.016
Where:
Iin Current through the current transducer
Vout Voltage out of the transducer
Rin Power analyzer impedance
Rs Current probe output impedance
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.017
[[Page 25227]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.018
BILLING CODE 6450-01-C
2.4. Test Conditions
2.4.1. The test conditions for testing fluorescent lamp ballasts
shall be done in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3). DOE further specifies that the
following revisions of the normative references indicated in ANSI
C82.2) should be used in place of the references directly specified
in ANSI C82.2: ANSI C78.81-2010 (incorporated by reference; see
Sec. 430.3), ANSI C82.1 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3), ANSI C82.3 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3),
ANSI C82.11 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3), and ANSI
C82.13 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3). All other
normative references shall be as specified in ANSI C82.2.
2.4.2. Room Temperature and Air Circulation. The test facility
shall be held at 25 2[deg]C, with minimal air movement
as defined in ANSI C78.375 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
430.3).
2.4.3. Input Voltage. The directions in ANSI C82.2 (incorporated
by reference; see Sec. 430.3) section 4.1 should be ignored with
the following directions for input voltage used instead. For
commercial ballasts capable of operating at multiple voltages, the
ballast shall be tested 277V 0.1%. For ballasts
designed and labeled for residential applications and capable of
operating at multiple voltages, the ballast shall be tested at 120V
0.1%. For ballasts designed and labeled as cold-
temperature outdoor sign ballasts and capable of operating at
multiple voltages, the ballast shall be tested at 120V
0.1%. Ballasts capable of operating at only one input voltage shall
be tested at that specified voltage.
2.5. Test Method
2.5.1. Ballast Luminous Efficiency.
2.5.1.1. The ballast shall be connected to the appropriate
fluorescent lamps and to measurement instrumentation as indicated by
the Test Setup in section 2.3.
2.5.1.2. The ballast shall be operated at full output for at
least 15 minutes but no longer than 1 hour until stable operating
conditions are reached. After this condition is reached,
concurrently measure the parameters described in sections 2.5.1.3
through 2.5.1.9.
2.5.1.2.1. Stable operating conditions are determined by
measuring lamp arc voltage, current, and power once per second in
accordance with the setup described in section 2.3. Once the
difference between the maximum and minimum values for lamp arc
voltage, current, and power do not exceed one percent over a four
minute moving window, the system shall be considered stable.
2.5.1.3. Lamp Arc Voltage. Measure lamp arc voltage (volts)
using the setup described in section 2.3.2.2.
2.5.1.4. Lamp Arc Current. Measure lamp arc current (amps) using
the setup described in section 2.3.2.3.
2.5.1.5. Lamp Arc Power. The power analyzer shall calculate
output power by using the measurements described in sections 2.5.1.3
and 2.5.1.4.
2.5.1.6. Input Power. Measure the input power (watts) to the
ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by reference;
see Sec. 430.3), section 7.
2.5.1.7. Input Voltage. Measure the input voltage (volts) (RMS)
to the ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3), section 3.2.1 and section 4.
2.5.1.8. Input Current. Measure the input current (amps) (RMS)
to the ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3), section 3.2.1 and section 4.
2.5.1.9. Lamp Operating Frequency. Measure the frequency of the
waveform delivered from the ballast to any lamp in accordance with
the setup in section 2.3.
2.6. Calculations
2.6.1. Calculate ballast luminous efficiency (BLE).
[[Page 25228]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.019
Where: Total Lamp Arc Power is the sum of the lamp arc powers for
all lamps operated by the ballast as determined by section 2.5.1.5,
ballast input power is as determined by section 2.5.1.6, and [beta]
is equal to the frequency adjustment factor in Table A.
2.6.2. Calculate Power Factor (PF).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.020
Where: Ballast input power is determined in accordance with section
2.5.1.6, input voltage is determined in accordance with section
2.5.1.7, and input current in determined in accordance with section
2.5.1.8.
3. Standby Mode Procedure
3.1. The measurement of standby mode power need not be performed
to determine compliance with energy conservation standards for
fluorescent lamp ballasts at this time. The above statement will be
removed as part of a rulemaking to amend the energy conservation
standards for fluorescent lamp ballasts to account for standby mode
energy consumption, and the following shall apply on the compliance
date for such requirements.
3.2. Test Conditions
3.2.1. The test conditions for testing fluorescent lamp ballasts
shall be done in accordance with the American National Standard
Institute ANSI C82.2 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
Any subsequent amendment to this standard by the standard-setting
organization will not affect the DOE test procedures unless and
until amended by DOE. The test conditions for measuring standby
power are described in sections 5, 7, and 8 of ANSI C82.2.
Fluorescent lamp ballasts that are capable of connections to control
devices shall be tested with all commercially available compatible
control devices connected in all possible configurations. For each
configuration, a separate measurement of standby power shall be made
in accordance with section 3.3 of the test procedure.
3.3. Test Method and Measurements
3.3.1. The test for measuring standby mode energy consumption of
fluorescent lamp ballasts shall be done in accordance with ANSI
C82.2 (incorporated by reference; see Sec. 430.3).
3.3.2. Send a signal to the ballast instructing it to have zero
light output using the appropriate ballast communication protocol or
system for the ballast being tested.
3.3.3. Input Power. Measure the input power (watts) to the
ballast in accordance with ANSI C82.2, section 13, (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 430.3).
3.3.4. Control Signal Power. The power from the control signal
path will be measured using all applicable methods described below.
3.3.4.1. AC Control Signal. Measure the AC control signal power
(watts), using a wattmeter (W), connected to the ballast in
accordance with the circuit shown in Figure 4 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.021
3.3.4.2. DC Control Signal. Measure the DC control signal
voltage, using a voltmeter (V), and current, using an ammeter (A),
connected to the ballast in accordance with the circuit shown in
Figure 5 of this section. The DC control signal power is calculated
by multiplying the DC control signal voltage and the DC control
signal current.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.022
[[Page 25229]]
3.3.4.3. Power Line Carrier (PLC) Control Signal. Measure the
PLC control signal power (watts), using a wattmeter (W), connected
to the ballast in accordance with the circuit shown in Figure 6 of
this section. The wattmeter must have a frequency response that is
at least 10 times higher than the PLC being measured in order to
measure the PLC signal correctly. The wattmeter must also be high-
pass filtered to filter out power at 60 Hertz.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR04MY11.023
3.3.4.4. Wireless Control Signal. The power supplied to a
ballast using a wireless signal is not easily measured, but is
estimated to be well below 1.0 watt. Therefore, the wireless control
signal power is not measured as part of this test procedure.
[FR Doc. 2011-10704 Filed 5-3-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P