[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 127 (Friday, July 1, 2011)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 38914-38936]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-16488]
[[Page 38913]]
Vol. 76
Friday,
No. 127
July 1, 2011
Part VI
Department of Health and Human Services
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42 CFR Part 88
World Trade Center Health Program Requirements for Enrollment, Appeals,
Certification of Health Conditions, and Reimbursement; Interim Final
Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 76 , No. 127 / Friday, July 1, 2011 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 38914]]
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
[Docket No. CDC-2011-0009]
42 CFR Part 88
RIN 0920-AA44
World Trade Center Health Program Requirements for Enrollment,
Appeals, Certification of Health Conditions, and Reimbursement
AGENCY: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS.
ACTION: Interim final rule with request for comments.
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SUMMARY: Title I of the James Zadroga Health and Compensation Act of
2010 amended the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act) by adding Title
XXXIII, which establishes the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program.
Sections 3311, 3312, and 3321 of Title XXXIII of the PHS Act require
that the WTC Program Administrator develop regulations to implement
portions of the WTC Health Program established within the Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS). The WTC Health Program, which will be
administered in part by the Director of the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), within the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), will provide medical monitoring and
treatment to eligible firefighters and related personnel, law
enforcement officers, and rescue, recovery and cleanup workers who
responded to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York
City, Shanksville, PA, and at the Pentagon, and to eligible survivors
of the New York City attacks. This interim final rule establishes the
processes by which eligible responders and survivors may apply for
enrollment in the WTC Health Program, obtain health monitoring and
treatment for WTC-related health conditions, and appeal enrollment and
treatment decisions. This interim final rule also establishes a process
for the certification of health conditions, and reimbursement rates for
providers who provide initial health evaluations, treatment, and health
monitoring.
DATES: Effective July 1, 2011. Written comments from interested parties
on this interim final rule and on the information collection approval
request sought under the Paperwork Reduction Act must be received by
August 30, 2011.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by ``RIN 0920-AA44,'' by
any of the following methods:
Internet: Access the Federal e-rulemaking portal at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
E-mail: NIOSH Docket Officer, [email protected]. Include
``RIN 0920-AA44'' and ``42 CFR 88'' in the subject line of the message.
Mail: NIOSH Docket Office, Robert A. Taft Laboratories,
MS-C34, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name
and docket number or Regulation Identifier Number (RIN) for this
rulemaking. All comments will be posted without change to http://www.regulations.gov and http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/NIOSHdocket0235.html, including any personal information provided. For
detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional information
on the rulemaking process, see the ``Public Participation'' heading of
the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, please go to http://www.regulations.gov or http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/NIOSHdocket0235.html.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Roy M. Fleming, Sc.D., Senior Science
Advisor, World Trade Center Health Program, Office of the Director,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1600 Clifton
Road, NE., MS-E74, Atlanta, GA 30329; telephone 866-426-3673 (this is a
toll-free number). Information requests may also be submitted by e-mail
to [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
This preamble is organized as follows:
I. Public Participation
II. Background
A. WTC Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program and
Environmental Health Center Community Program History
B. WTC Health Program Statutory Authority
C. Implementation of the WTC Health Program
III. Issuance of an Interim Final Rule With Immediate Effective Date
IV. Summary of Interim Final Rule
V. Regulatory Assessment Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866 and Executive Order 13563
B. Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
D. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
F. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice)
G. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
H. Executive Order 13045 (Protection of Children From
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks)
I. Executive Order 13211 (Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use)
J. Plain Writing Act of 2010
I. Public Participation
Interested persons or organizations are invited to participate in
this rulemaking by submitting written views, opinions, recommendations,
and data. Comments received, including attachments and other supporting
materials, are part of the public record and subject to public
disclosure. Do not include any information in your comment or
supporting materials that you consider confidential or inappropriate
for public disclosure. HHS will consider those submissions and may
revise the final rule as appropriate.
Comments are invited on any topic related to this interim final
rule. In addition, HHS invites comments specifically on the following
questions related to this rulemaking:
1. The PHS Act requires ``1 day'' of presence for a number of
eligibility criteria for firefighters and related personnel (see Sec.
88.4(a)(1) of the interim final rule text), members of the New York
City Police Department (see Sec. 88.4((a)(2)(ii)), and vehicle
maintenance-workers (see Sec. 88.4(a)(5))to be enrolled. For the
purposes of this regulation, the Department has interpreted the
statutory intent of 1 day to be a full work shift, of at least 4 hours
but less than 24 hours. Is there a different interpretation of 1 day
that the Department should consider?
2. The medical necessity standard established in this interim final
rule relies heavily on the medical protocols to be developed by the
Data Centers and approved by the WTC Program Administrator, and
incorporates the qualitative factors that treatment be reasonable and
appropriate based on scientific evidence, professional standards of
care, expert opinion, and other relevant information. Is the
substantial reliance on approved medical protocols appropriate? Are the
factors specified necessary and sufficient? Are there specific
standards currently in use by other programs, either Federal or in
private sector health care organizations that would be appropriate for
use in the WTC Health Program?
3. The interim final rule implements Federal Employees Compensation
Act (FECA) rates for reimbursing initial health evaluations, health
monitoring, and medically necessary treatment
[[Page 38915]]
provided in the WTC Health Program. The use of FECA rates for treatment
is specified by the PHS Act. The rule also employs applicable Medicare
payment rate schedules for treatment that is not covered by FECA rates.
Is there any system of rates other than Medicare that should be
considered for treatment that is not covered by FECA? Note that section
3312 of the PHS Act prohibits payments for products or services made at
a higher rate than the Office of Workers' Compensation Programs in the
Department of Labor.
II. Background
A. WTC Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program and Environmental
Health Center Community Program History
Since the tragic events of September 11, 2001, HHS, CDC, and NIOSH
have facilitated health evaluations for those firefighters and related
personnel, law enforcement officers, and rescue, recovery and cleanup
workers who responded to the WTC disaster sites. A health screening
program for responders began in 2002 under contracts awarded to the
Mount Sinai School of Medicine (Mount Sinai) and the Fire Department,
City of New York. Mount Sinai subcontracted with other specialty
occupational health clinics in the New York metropolitan area to expand
enrollment and provide a standardized and comprehensive health
screening protocol.
In 2003, Congress appropriated further funding to implement longer
term medical monitoring for these responders. The occupational health
specialty clinics involved in the screening program were each directly
funded through cooperative agreements with NIOSH to work
collaboratively and provide periodic standardized medical monitoring
exams. Participants in the initial screening program were enrolled
beginning in 2004.
In 2006, Congress appropriated additional funds for diagnostic and
treatment services to support medical care for health conditions
associated with WTC-related work exposures. After receiving
appropriations for treatment, the program was re-named the WTC Medical
Monitoring and Treatment Program (MMTP) to reflect expanded services to
eligible firefighters and related personnel, law enforcement officers,
and rescue, recovery and cleanup workers The established program
providers were funded as Clinical Centers of Excellence (Clinical
Centers), reflecting their multidisciplinary expertise and extensive
program experience with the WTC responder population. The MMTP made
monitoring exams and treatment available to firefighters and related
personnel, law enforcement officers, and rescue, recovery and cleanup
workers living outside the New York metropolitan area and
geographically distant from the established Clinical Centers through a
network of providers. The health conditions covered under the MMTP were
identified by the Clinical Centers based on assessments of the health
needs of the firefighters and related personnel, law enforcement
officers, and rescue, recovery and cleanup workers and with input from
scientific and medical experts, and included certain upper and lower
airway diseases, esophageal disorders from acid reflux, musculoskeletal
injuries, and mental health problems (most notably post-traumatic
stress disorder, anxiety, and depression).
In 2008, Congress appropriated additional funds for the WTC
Environmental Health Center (EHC) Community Program, which provided
initial health evaluations, diagnostic and treatment services for
residents, students, and others in the community who were affected by
the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York City.
B. WTC Health Program Statutory Authority
Title I of the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of
2010, (Pub. L. 111-347), amended the PHS Act to add Title XXXIII \1\
establishing the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program within HHS.
The WTC Health Program will assume the functions and goals of the MMTP
and the WTC EHC Community Program to provide medical monitoring and
treatment benefits to eligible firefighters and related personnel, law
enforcement officers, and rescue, recovery and cleanup workers
(including those who are Federal employees) who responded to the
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, as well as those residents and
other building occupants and area workers in New York City who were
directly impacted and adversely affected by the attacks.
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\1\ Title XXXIII of the Public Health Service Act is codified at
42 U.S.C. 300mm to 300mm-61. Those portions of the Zadroga Act found
in Titles II and III of Public Law 111-347 do not pertain to the
World Trade Center Health Program and are codified elsewhere.
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The WTC Health Program will expand to include any eligible
firefighters and related personnel, law enforcement officers, and
rescue, recovery and cleanup workers who responded to the September 11,
2001, terrorist attacks at the Pentagon and Shanksville, PA. Section
3311(a)(2)(C)(ii) of Title XXXIII requires that the WTC Program
Administrator develop eligibility criteria for Pentagon and
Shanksville, PA emergency responders after consultation with the WTC
Scientific/Technical Advisory Committee. HHS is in the process of
establishing this new Federal advisory committee and the WTC Program
Administrator will obtain the required consultation as soon as
possible. However, because no Pentagon or Shanksville, PA responders
have participated in the existing health program, the WTC Program
Administrator currently lacks information that may serve as a basis for
such enrollment, including information on participation in the response
at these two sites and on hazard exposure circumstances at these sites
relevant to currently established WTC health conditions. The WTC
Program Administrator will be collecting such information.
Title XXXIII of the PHS Act directs the Secretary of HHS to
designate a Department official to be the WTC Program Administrator
(Title XXXIII, Sec. 3306(14)). Certain specific activities of the WTC
Program Administrator are reserved to the Secretary to delegate at her
discretion; other WTC Program Administrator duties not explicitly
reserved to the Secretary are assigned to the Director of NIOSH or his
or her designee. This rule implements portions of the PHS Act which
were both given to the Director of NIOSH and others for which the HHS
Secretary has designated the Director of NIOSH to be the WTC Program
Administrator. Another HHS component, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services, has been delegated responsibilities for disbursing payments
to providers under the WTC Health Program (see Delegation of Authority,
76 FR 31337, May 31, 2011). All references to the WTC Program
Administrator in this notice mean the NIOSH Director or his or her
designee.
Under Sec. 3306 of Title XXXIII of the PHS Act, the WTC Program
Administrator is responsible for a program to enroll qualified
firefighters and related personnel, law enforcement officers, and
rescue, recovery and cleanup workers who responded to the New York
City, Pentagon, and Shanksville, PA disaster sites; screen and certify
qualified survivors of the New York City attacks; and to establish a
nationwide system of healthcare providers to provide monitoring and
treatment to those individuals found eligible. The WTC Program
Administrator is also required to promulgate regulations to determine
medical necessity with respect to
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healthcare services and prescription pharmaceuticals; to certify WTC-
related health conditions identified in the statute; and to establish
processes for appealing WTC Health Program determinations. Those
statutory requirements are included in this interim final rule and are
described in the summary of the proposed rule below.
Title XXXIII of the PHS Act also authorizes the WTC Program
Administrator to establish a process by which health conditions,
including types of cancer, may be considered for addition to the list
of WTC-related health conditions. Those provisions are included in a
notice of proposed rulemaking published elsewhere in this issue of the
Federal Register.
Title XXXIII of the PHS Act further authorizes the WTC Program
Administrator to promulgate regulations to add eligibility criteria for
Pentagon and Shanksville, PA responders after consultation with the WTC
Health Program Scientific/Technical Advisory Committee. The eligibility
criteria for those responders will be developed by future rulemaking.
C. Implementation of the WTC Health Program
As required by Title XXXIII of the PHS Act, this regulation
establishes the process by which individuals who were firefighters and
related personnel, law enforcement officers, rescue, recovery and
cleanup workers who responded to the September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks in New York City or survivors associated with the September 11,
2001, terrorist attacks in New York City may be enrolled in the WTC
Health Program. For firefighters and related personnel, law enforcement
officers, and rescue, recovery and cleanup workers who were included in
the previous MMTP program before July 1, 2011, enrollment in the newly
established WTC Health Program will not require any new application,
although enrollment is predicated on ensuring that the individual's
name is not found to be a positive match to the terrorist watch list
maintained by the Federal government. Similarly, survivors of the New
York City terrorist attack who have been identified as eligible for
medical treatment and follow-up monitoring services in the WTC EHC
Community Program as of January 2, 2011, will not be required to file a
new application to the WTC Health Program, but are also subject to
watch list screening.
All firefighters and related personnel, law enforcement officers
and rescue, recovery and cleanup workers who responded to the New York
City attack who will be newly seeking medical monitoring and treatment
and survivors of the attack who were not covered by the WTC EHC
Community Program on or before January 2, 2011, may apply to obtain
coverage under the new WTC Health Program established by this rule. The
application process for responders and survivors is established by this
interim final rule.
An individual who believes that he or she qualifies as a WTC
responder (a `WTC responder' is defined in the interim final rule text
as an individual who has been identified as eligible for monitoring and
treatment as described in Sec. 88.3 of the interim final rule, or who
meets the eligibility criteria in Sec. 88.4) must fill out an
application form indicating that he or she meets certain eligibility
criteria described in Sec. 88.4. Firefighters and related personnel,
law enforcement officers, and rescue, recovery and cleanup workers may
submit an application to the WTC Health Program beginning on July 1,
2011. An individual who can demonstrate that he or she was firefighter
or related personnel, law enforcement officer, or rescue, recovery or
cleanup worker who participated at or within a certain distance of the
Ground Zero site or at a specified location for the requisite amount of
time may be enrolled in the WTC Health Program. If no documentation of
eligibility is submitted with the application (e.g., a pay stub or
personnel roster), the individual must explain how he or she attempted
to find documentation and why the attempt was unsuccessful. The
application must be signed by the applicant. An applicant who knowingly
provides false information may be subject to a fine and/or imprisonment
of not more than 5 years.
A similar application process is established for survivors who were
not enrolled in the WTC EHC Community Program prior to January 2, 2011.
Those survivors may submit applications to the WTC Health Program
beginning on July 1, 2011. An individual who believes that he or she
can qualify as a screening-eligible survivor must fill out an
application form indicating that he or she meets certain eligibility
criteria described in Sec. 88.8 of the regulatory text. An individual
who can demonstrate that he or she was a survivor who was present in
the New York City disaster area may be found eligible to receive
medical screening to determine if he or she has a health condition
covered by the WTC Health Program. As with the WTC responder
application, if no documentation of eligibility (e.g., a lease or
utility bill) is submitted with the application, the applicant must
explain how he or she attempted to find documentation and why the
attempt was unsuccessful. The application must be signed by the
applicant. An applicant who knowingly provides false information may be
subject to a fine and/or imprisonment of not more than 5 years. If the
individual is found to have a covered health condition, he or she may
be considered a certified-eligible survivor.
Once enrolled in the WTC Health Program, a WTC responder or
certified-eligible survivor may receive treatment for specific physical
and mental health conditions that have been certified by the WTC Health
Program and that are included on the list of WTC-related health
conditions. The list of these health conditions was established by
Congress and is repeated in Sec. 88.1, the definitions section of this
rule. The list may be amended in the future to add other health
conditions
for which exposure to airborne toxins, any other hazard, or any
other adverse condition resulting from the September 11, 2001,
terrorist attacks, based on an examination by a medical professional
with experience in treating or diagnosing the health conditions
included in the applicable list of WTC-related health conditions, is
substantially likely to be a significant factor in aggravating,
contributing to, or causing the illness or condition (Title XXXIII,
Sec. 3312(a)(1)(A)(i)).
The eligibility criteria and application process for individuals
who responded to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks at the
Pentagon and Shanksville, PA, will be developed as soon as possible. As
discussed above, this will require additional research and consultation
that could not be completed prior to this rulemaking (see Section
II.B.).
III. Issuance of an Interim Final Rule With Immediate Effective Date
Rulemaking under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) generally
requires a public notice and comment period and consideration of the
submitted comments prior to promulgation of a final rule having the
effect of law (5 U.S.C. 553). However, the APA provides for exceptions
to its notice and comment procedures when an agency finds that there is
good cause for dispensing with such procedures on the basis that they
are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest. In
the case of this interim final rule, we have determined that under 5
U.S.C. 553(b)(B), good cause exists for waiving the notice and comment
procedures. For similar reasons, HHS has also determined that good
cause exists under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3) for this
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interim final rule to become effective immediately.
The James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 was
signed by the President on January 2, 2011. It amended the PHS Act to
establish the WTC Health Program, administered by the WTC Program
Administrator, and mandated that this program begin on July 1, 2011,
just 6 months after enactment.
HHS has determined that interim regulatory provisions are necessary
to implement certain provisions of Title XXXIII relating to: (1) The
WTC Health Program's ability to ensure that those currently identified
responders and survivors who are already receiving care under the
previous program continue to receive medical monitoring and treatment
benefits without interruption; (2) the WTC Health Program's ability to
accept applications from responders beginning July 1, 2011 and
survivors shortly thereafter; (3) the right of applicants and enrollees
to appeal determinations made by the WTC Health Program; and (4) the
guidelines by which WTC-related health conditions are diagnosed and
certified. HHS has determined that it is not possible to complete the
steps necessary for the usual notice and comment under the APA in time
for the WTC Health Program to become effective by July 1, 2011.
There is a strong public interest in ensuring the continuation of
monitoring and treatment benefits for those responders and survivors
who were previously receiving such care. Congress has also expressed
the need for ensuring the continuation of monitoring and treatment
(Title XXXIII, Sec. 3305(b)(1)(C)). In addition, there is an immediate
need to initiate the process to continue to enroll those who responded
to this nation's worst terrorist attacks and were harmed in the
performance of their duties. These concerns are clearly reflected in
the Congressional mandate to swiftly implement this program. It is
especially important that currently identified responders and survivors
who will be transferring to the new WTC Health Program be provided
prompt guidance on how it will operate. Coalition for Parity, Inc. v.
Sebelius, 709 F. Supp.2d 10, 15 (DC Cir. 2010) (need for prompt
regulatory guidance among the factors in justifying an interim rule).
HHS is working as quickly as possible to provide this guidance by
issuing this interim final rule. An undue delay in enrolling and
implementing certification of treatment procedures under the new
program would result in real harm to those who were in the previous
treatment program. With the publication of this interim final rule, we
can ensure that the necessary guidance is provided promptly to those
responders and survivors currently identified and to those responders
seeking to enroll, and that monitoring and treatment benefits are
continued.
For similar reasons, HHS is making this interim final rule
effective immediately. In making this determination, we have balanced
the need for an immediately-effective rule in order to allow for
continued treatment and care for responders and survivors against
fairness considerations and the needs of affected parties to have time
to adjust to the rule's requirements. Omnipoint Corporation v. Federal
Communications Commission, 78 F.3d 620, 630 (DC Cir. 1996). HHS
believes the need for continuation of monitoring and treatment is
paramount and necessitates that this interim final rule be effective
immediately.
While developing this interim rule, HHS reached out to the affected
community through a public meeting (76 FR 7862, February 11, 2011), a
request for comments on the implementation of Title XXXIII of the PHS
Act (76 FR 12360, March 7, 2011), and other outreach efforts to
interested parties. Although HHS is adopting this rule on an interim
final basis, we request public comment on this rule. After full
consideration of public comments, HHS will work as expeditiously as
possible to publish a final rule with any necessary changes.
IV. Summary of Interim Final Rule
The section-by-section summaries provided below describe the
components of the WTC Health Program for which the WTC Program
Administrator has been delegated authority by the Secretary of HHS,
under Title XXXIII. The components implemented here include: enrollment
of WTC responders; certification of screening-eligible or certified-
eligible survivors; and payment for initial health evaluation,
monitoring, and treatment of covered individuals. Certain paragraphs
are reserved for provisions that will be promulgated by notice-and-
comment rulemaking at such time as is determined by the WTC Program
Administrator.
Section 88.1 Definitions
This section of the regulation includes definitions for the
principal terms used in part 88. It includes terms specifically defined
in Title XXXIII.
The ``WTC Program Administrator'' is defined, for purposes of this
regulation, as the Director of the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health or his or her designee.
``WTC responder,'' ``screening-eligible survivor,'' and
``certified-eligible survivor,'' refer to individuals who are found to
be eligible to participate in certain aspects of the WTC Health
Program. ``WTC responder'' is a term defined in Title XXXIII. It is
used to refer not only to people who worked or volunteered in rescue,
recovery, and clean-up at the site of the terrorist attacks in New York
City but also to those individuals who participated in those activities
at the sites in Shanksville, PA and the Pentagon. ``Screening-eligible
survivors'' are individuals who meet the initial eligibility
requirements found in Sec. 88.8 and are thus approved to have an
initial health evaluation. ``Certified-eligible survivors'' are
individuals who have at least one WTC-related health condition for
which he or she qualified for treatment benefits and follow-up
monitoring services.
The terms ``list of WTC-related health conditions,'' and ``WTC-
related health condition'' refer to those conditions specifically
designated in Title XXXIII and to any future conditions that may be
added to that list by the WTC Program Administrator in subsequent
rulemakings. A ``health condition medically associated with a WTC-
related health condition'' is a condition that results from the
treatment of a condition on the list of WTC-related health conditions
or from the natural progression of one of those conditions.
``Clinical Centers of Excellence'' and the ``nationwide provider
network'' are the medical providers meeting specified statutory
requirements and are affiliated with the WTC Health Program by
contract.
``Terrorist watch list'' is included to incorporate the statutory
requirement that no individual who is determined to be a positive match
to the watch list maintained by the Federal government shall qualify to
become a WTC responder or screening-eligible or certified-eligible
survivor. The PHS Act inadvertently identifies the watch list as being
maintained by the Department of Homeland Security; the watch list is in
fact maintained by the Terrorist Screening Center of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation, Department of Justice.
Section 88.2 General Provisions
Paragraph (a) of this section establishes that an enrolled WTC
responder, a screening-eligible survivor, or a certified-eligible
survivor may designate one person to represent their interests related
to applying to or seeking treatment from the WTC Health
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Program. The provisions of this section specify that a WTC responder or
eligible survivor can have only one individual represent him or her at
a time; identifies those individuals for whom a Federal employee may
act as a designated representative; and specifies that a parent or
guardian may act on behalf of a minor seeking monitoring or treatment
under the WTC Health Program. HHS believes it is important and
necessary to provide a means for an enrollee who is a minor child or
who is otherwise unable to represent himself or herself to be able to
designate the person who will represent the enrollee in the Program.
Section 88.3 Eligibility--Currently Identified Responders
This section restates the eligibility criteria, as outlined in
Title XXXIII, Sec. 3311 of the PHS Act, for WTC responders who have
received medical monitoring and treatment benefits from the MMTP
program. Under Sec. 88.3(a), responders who have been identified as
eligible for program benefits prior to July 1, 2011, by the MMTP will
be automatically enrolled in the WTC Health Program. These individuals
are not required to submit an application for enrollment. As required
by statute, an individual who meets the eligibility criteria under (a)
of this section is not qualified to enroll in the WTC Health Program if
the individual is determined to be a positive match to the terrorist
watch list.
Section 88.4 Eligibility Criteria--Status as a WTC Responder
The eligibility criteria in Sec. 88.4 apply to those firefighters,
law enforcement officers, certain employees of the Office of the Chief
Medical Examiner of New York City, Port Authority Trans-Hudson
Corporation Tunnel Workers, vehicle-maintenance workers, and other
rescue, recovery, and cleanup workers not previously identified as
eligible under the MMTP. New applicants will be considered for
enrollment according to the criteria provided in paragraph(a), which
describes individuals who conducted rescue, recovery, and cleanup at
the World Trade Center sites (including Ground Zero, the Staten Island
Landfill, or the New York City Chief Medical Examiner's Office), for
specific lengths of time during the dates specified.
Paragraphs (b) and (c) are reserved for eligibility criteria for
responders to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack sites in
Shanksville, PA and at the Pentagon. Paragraph (d) is reserved for any
modified eligibility criteria that may be developed in the future.
Paragraph (e) states that the WTC Program Administrator will keep a
list of enrolled WTC responders.
Section 88.5 Application Process--Status as a WTC Responder
This section informs applicants who believe they meet the
eligibility criteria for a WTC responder how to apply for enrollment in
the WTC Health Program. The provisions of this section require that the
individual submit an application and provide evidence of eligibility
under the provisions of Sec. 88.4. The applicant must provide
documentary evidence of his or her employment and type of work activity
during the rescue, recovery, and debris cleanup periods after the
terrorist attacks. The WTC Health Program will accept a pay stub,
official personnel roster, site credentials or other similar documents
to establish that the applicant meets the eligibility criteria. If no
documentation is submitted with the application, the applicant must
explain how he or she attempted to find documentation and why he or she
was unsuccessful. The application must be signed by the applicant,
under penalty of perjury. An applicant who knowingly provides false
information may be subject to fines and criminal penalties under 18
U.S.C. 1001 and 18 U.S.C. 1621.
Section 88.6 Enrollment Determination--Status as a WTC Responder
This section explains how and when the WTC Program Administrator
will promptly notify the applicant of the enrollment decision. The WTC
Program Administrator will evaluate applications on a first-come,
first-served basis; applicants will be promptly notified if there are
any deficiencies in the application or supporting materials.
An applicant will be denied enrollment in the Program if he or she
does not meet the eligibility criteria in Sec. 88.4; if the numerical
limitations established by Congress are met, or the WTC Program
Administrator determines that funds are insufficient to continue
accepting new enrollees into the Program; or if the individual is
determined to be a positive match to the terrorist watch list
maintained by the Federal government. Individuals denied enrollment
because of the numerical limitation will be placed on a waitlist, and
notified promptly when they are removed from the waitlist and enrolled
in the Program.
Title XXXIII expressly states that the total number of newly-
enrolled WTC responders ``shall not exceed 25,000 at any time,'' and
similarly limits the total number of new certified-eligible survivors
to 25,000 (Sec. 3311(a)(4), Sec. 3321(a)(3)). The WTC Program
Administrator is authorized to limit enrollment to a number of WTC
responders and certified-eligible survivors that is less than the limit
set by Congress. That determination must be based on the best available
information and on the amount available funding necessary to provide
treatment and monitoring benefits to all individuals who are enrolled
in the program.
The qualified applicant will be notified in writing no later than
60 days after the application date. An applicant who is found
ineligible for enrollment will be provided an explanation, as
appropriate for that determination, and given the opportunity to
appeal.
Section 88.7 Eligibility--Currently Identified Survivors
This section establishes that survivors who have been identified as
eligible for medical treatment and monitoring benefits by the WTC EHC
Community Program as of January 2, 2011, will be automatically enrolled
in the WTC Health Program. These individuals are not required to submit
an application for enrollment. As required by Title XXXIII of the PHS
Act, an individual who meets the eligibility criteria under (a) of this
section is not qualified to enroll in the WTC Health Program if the
individual is determined to be a positive match to the terrorist watch
list.
Section 88.8 Eligibility Criteria--Status as a WTC Survivor
This section restates the eligibility criteria for screening-
eligible survivors established in Title XXXIII of the PHS Act.
Individuals who wish to apply for benefits under the WTC Health Program
may do so beginning on July 1, 2011.
New applicants to the WTC Health Program will be considered for
status as a screening-eligible survivor according to the criteria
provided in (a), which describes an individual who is not a WTC
responder, who claims symptoms of a WTC-related health condition, and
who is not an individual identified in Sec. 88.7. Individuals who
would be eligible for an initial health evaluation were, during the
dates and durations specified, either present in the dust cloud;
worked, lived, or attended school or daycare in the New York City
disaster area; performed cleanup or maintenance work in the New York
City disaster area; received a grant from the Lower Manhattan
Development Corporation Residential Grant Program for a residence he or
she leased or owned and lived in; or was employed in the
[[Page 38919]]
disaster area and received a grant from the Lower Manhattan Development
Corporation or other government incentive program to revitalize the
area economy.
Paragraph (b) explains that screening-eligible survivors can become
certified-eligible survivors by obtaining an initial health evaluation,
provided by the WTC Health Program. If the exam results in a
physician's diagnosis of a WTC-related health condition, the WTC
Program Administrator may certify that condition. In that case, the
survivor will be considered certified-eligible.
Section 88.9 Application Process--Status as a WTC Survivor
This section informs applicants who believe they meet the
eligibility criteria for a WTC survivor how to apply for screening-
eligible status in the WTC Health Program. The provisions of this
section require that the individual submit an application and provide
documentation of his or her presence, residence, or employment in the
New York City disaster area. The WTC Health Program will accept various
forms of proof of presence, residence, or work activity including a
written statement, under penalty of perjury, from the applicant or the
applicant's employer. An applicant who is unable to submit any required
documentation must instead offer a written explanation of what the
individual did to try to find proof of presence, residence, or work
activity and why he or she was unsuccessful. The application will be
signed under penalty of perjury. Any applicant who knowingly supplies
false information may be subject to fines and criminal prosecution
under 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 18 U.S.C. 1621. As required by Title XXXIII,
Sec. 3321(a)(1)(A)(ii), the applicant would also be required to claim
symptoms of a WTC-related health condition. A WTC-related health
condition is defined as a health condition associated with exposure to
adverse conditions resulting from the September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks, and identified in Title XXXIII of the PHS Act and in Sec.
88.1. Paragraph (b) explains that an individual is not required to
submit an additional application to become certified-eligible.
Section 88.10 Enrollment Determination--Status as a WTC Survivor
This section explains how and when the WTC Program Administrator
will notify the applicant of the decision to enroll the individual as a
screening-eligible or certified-eligible survivor. The WTC Program
Administrator will evaluate applications for screening-eligible status
on a first-come, first-served basis; applicants will be promptly
notified if there are any deficiencies in the application or supporting
materials.
An applicant will be denied enrollment in the Program if he or she
does not meet the eligibility criteria for screening-eligible survivors
in Sec. 88.8; if the numerical limitations established by Congress are
met, or the WTC Program Administrator determines that funds are
insufficient to continue accepting new screening-eligible or certified-
eligible survivors into the Program; or if the individual is determined
to be a positive match to the terrorist watch list maintained by the
Federal government. Individuals denied screening-eligible status
because of the numerical limitation on certified-eligible survivors
will be placed on a waitlist and notified promptly when they are
removed from the waitlist and deemed screening-eligible.
The qualified screening-eligible status applicant will be notified
in writing no later than 60 days after the application date. An
applicant who is found ineligible for enrollment will be provided an
explanation, as appropriate for that determination, and given the
opportunity to appeal.
Paragraph (d) explains that a screening-eligible survivor will
receive an initial health evaluation from a WTC Health Program Clinical
Center of Excellence or a member of the nationwide provider network to
determine if the individual has a WTC-related health condition. While
the WTC Health Program will offer only one initial health evaluation,
nothing in this rule will prohibit the screening-eligible survivor from
requesting and paying for additional health evaluations.
This section also establishes that the screening-eligible survivor
may be denied certified-eligible status if the individual does not have
a diagnosed WTC-related health condition or if the WTC Program
Administrator does not find that the physician's determination
sufficiently establishes the relationship between the individual's
exposure to the conditions resulting from the September 11, 2001,
terrorist attacks and the health condition being claimed. The
screening-eligible survivor may also be denied certified-eligible
status if the numerical limitations established by Congress are met, or
the WTC Program Administrator determines that funds are insufficient to
continue accepting new certified-eligible survivors into the Program;
or if the individual is determined to be a positive match to the
terrorist watch list maintained by the Federal government. Individuals
denied enrollment because of the numerical limitation will be placed on
a waitlist and notified promptly when they are removed from the
waitlist and deemed certified-eligible.
The newly certified-eligible survivor will be notified in writing.
A screening-eligible survivor who is found ineligible for certified-
eligible status will be provided an explanation, as appropriate for
that determination, and given the opportunity to appeal.
Section 88.11 Appeals Regarding Eligibility Determinations--Responders
and Survivors
This section establishes procedures for the appeal of a WTC Program
Administrator's decision not to enroll an individual who believes he or
she meets the eligibility criteria for enrollment as a WTC responder or
screening-eligible survivor. The individual or his or her designated
representative may appeal the decision in writing within 60 days of the
decision. The appeal must contain the reasons the individual believes
the decision is incorrect, and may also include relevant information
that was not previously considered by the WTC Program Administrator. If
the individual is denied because his or her name is determined to be a
positive match to the terrorist watch list, the appeal will be
forwarded to the appropriate Federal agency. Upon receipt and review of
the appeal, the WTC Program Administrator will designate the NIOSH
Associate Director for Science, a Federal official who is independent
of the Program, to review the appeal and make a final decision on the
matter. Status as a certified-eligible survivor is predicated on
certification of a WTC-related health condition; appeal of a WTC
Program Administrator denial of status as a certified-eligible survivor
will be available only through the appeal process outlined in Sec.
88.15.
Section 88.12 Physician's Determination of WTC-Related Health
Conditions
This section establishes the basis for a determination that an
enrolled WTC responder or survivor has a health condition that can be
certified and covered by the WTC Health Program. Paragraph (a) requires
that a WTC Health Program physician promptly send his or her diagnosis
to the WTC Program Administrator. The physician's diagnosis must
include information establishing that the September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks were substantially likely to be a significant factor in
aggravating, contributing to or causing the condition being claimed for
[[Page 38920]]
certification. Paragraph (b) establishes that the physician must
provide documentation that a health condition medically associated with
a WTC-related health condition is determined to be a result of
treatment or progression of a previously-certified WTC-related health
condition.
Section 88.13 WTC Program Administrator's Certification of Health
Conditions
This section establishes that the WTC Program Administrator will
promptly assess the diagnosis submitted by the physician pursuant to
Sec. 88.12. If the WTC Program Administrator determines that a
diagnosed condition is a WTC-related health condition (paragraph (a))
or a health condition medically associated with a WTC-related health
condition (paragraph (b)), the condition will be certified as eligible
for coverage under the WTC Health Program. If the WTC Program
Administrator determines that the condition is neither a WTC-related
health condition nor a health condition medically associated with a
WTC-related health condition, the applicant will be notified in
writing. The WTC responder or the screening-eligible or certified-
eligible survivor may appeal the decision pursuant to the process in
Sec. 88.15. Paragraph (c) establishes that prior authorization for
treatment must be received from the WTC Program Administrator while
certification of a WTC-related health condition or a health condition
medically associated with a WTC-related health condition is pending,
unless treatment is necessary for a medical emergency. As established
by Sec. 88.16(a)(1), the provider will be reimbursed only for
treatment of a certified WTC-related health condition or a health
condition medically associated with a WTC-related health condition.
Section 88.14 Standard for Determining Medical Necessity
This section establishes the standard for determining whether the
treatment for a WTC-related health condition or a health condition
medically associated with a WTC-related health condition is medically
necessary. Medically necessary treatment is reasonable and appropriate,
and is based on scientific evidence, professional standards of care,
expert opinion, or other relevant information, and is in accordance
with medical treatment protocols developed by the Data Centers and
approved by the WTC Program Administrator. Treatment protocols
developed using current medical information from previously established
guidelines from both national professional standards of care and
program-specific expertise will be used until the Data Centers are
operational and are able to create a Program-wide, unified operations
manual.
Section 88.15 Appeals Regarding Treatment
This section explains that a WTC responder, a screening-eligible
survivor denied status as certified-eligible, a certified-eligible
survivor, or a designated representative may appeal the WTC Program
Administrator's decision not to certify the health condition or not to
authorize treatment for a certified WTC-related health condition or
health condition medically associated with a WTC-related health
condition.
The individual or his or her designated representative may appeal
the decision in writing within 60 calendar days of the decision. The
appeal must be in writing and describe why the individual believes the
WTC Program Administrator's initial determination not to certify the
condition or authorize treatment was in error. Pursuant to paragraph
(b)(1), the WTC Program Administrator will appoint the NIOSH Associate
Director for Science, a Federal official independent of the WTC Health
Program, who may convene one or more qualified experts to review the
WTC Program Administrator's initial determination. The expert(s) will
conduct a review of the documentation available at the time of the
initial determination and submit the findings to the Federal official.
The Federal official will review the expert findings and make a final
determination which will not be further considered upon request of the
WTC responder, screening-eligible or certified-eligible survivor, or
designated representative.
Section 88.16 Reimbursement for Medically Necessary Treatment,
Outpatient Prescription Pharmaceuticals, Monitoring, Initial Health
Evaluations, and Travel Expenses
This section establishes that the Clinical Center of Excellence or
member of the nationwide provider network will be reimbursed by the WTC
Health Program for the cost of medical treatment and outpatient
prescription pharmaceuticals, and that a WTC responder or certified-
eligible survivor may be reimbursed for certain transportation
expenses. Under section 3331 of the PHS Act, subject to certain
limitations pertinent only to workers' compensation programs and other
plans under which New York City is obligated to pay, the WTC Program
Administrator may reduce or recoup payment for treatment of a WTC-
related health condition if it is determined that the individual's
condition is work related, and the individual is covered by a workers'
compensation or similar work-related injury or illness plan. For an
individual who has a WTC-related health condition that is not work-
related and who has coverage under a public or private health insurance
plan, the WTC Program Administrator may also take this insurance
coverage into account in determining payment for treatment under Title
XXXIII of the PHS Act.
Paragraph (a)(1) establishes that payment for medical treatment
will be based on the rates set by the Office of Workers' Compensation
Programs to administer the Federal Employees Compensation Act (FECA, 5
U.S.C. 8101 et seq., 20 CFR Part 20).\2\ Services or treatment not
covered by the FECA rate structure will be reimbursed pursuant to the
applicable Medicare fee for service rate, as determined appropriate by
the WTC Program Administrator. Paragraph (a)(2) states that the cost of
medically necessary outpatient prescription pharmaceuticals will be
reimbursed according to rates established by contract between the WTC
Health Program and one or more pharmaceutical providers through a
competitive bidding process. Paragraph (b)(1) establishes that costs
associated with monitoring and initial health evaluations will be
reimbursed according to rates established by FECA. Paragraphs (c)(1)
and (2) state that the WTC Program Administrator will review all claims
for reimbursement and that reimbursement will be denied if the
treatment is not medically necessary. Finally, paragraph (d)
establishes that the WTC Program Administrator may provide
reimbursement for necessary and reasonable transportation and other
expenses that are related to securing medically necessary treatment
through the nationwide provider network, involving travel of more than
250 miles. The WTC Health Program will administer this provision
consistently with the procedures of the Office of Workers' Compensation
Programs of the Department of Labor, as specified in the statute.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Workers' Compensation
Programs Medical Fee Schedule, http://www.dol.gov/owcp/regs/feeschedule/fee.htm. Accessed June 3, 2011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 38921]]
V. Regulatory Assessment Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866 and Executive Order 13563
Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess all
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public
health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). E.O.
13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits,
of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility.
This rulemaking has been determined to be an ``economically
significant'' regulatory action within the meaning of E.O. 12866.
Providing medical monitoring and treatment through the WTC Health
Program administered pursuant to this regulatory action will have an
annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more.
Federal Cost Estimates
Based on the factors and assumptions set forth below, HHS estimates
the aggregate cost of medical monitoring and treatment to be provided
and administrative expenses of this regulatory action, which partially
implements Title XXXIII, in millions of dollars as presented in Table
1, below. The table represents estimates, and is subject to change
based on actual expenditures and future data analyses. These costs
represent high and low estimates; actual costs and future estimates may
be significantly below or above the estimated ranges.
Table 1--Healthcare and Administrative Costs of the WTC Health Program
[$ millions; undiscounted]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FY 2011
(fourth quarter FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015
only)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Administrative Costs:
Low Estimate................................................... $1.8 $15 $15 $15 $15
High Estimate.................................................. 1.8 22.5 22.2 22.2 22.2
Medical Monitoring and Treatment Costs:
Low Estimate................................................... 33.7 91.8 91.8 91.8 91.8
High Estimate.................................................. 45.1 107.1 114.3 121.6 128.8
Total Costs:
Low Estimate................................................... 35.5 106.8 106.8 106.8 106.8
High Estimate.................................................. 46.9 129.6 136.5 143.8 151.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HHS's estimate of the costs of medical monitoring and treatment to
be provided pursuant to the PHS Act and of the administrative costs of
providing this monitoring and treatment is based on data from the WTC
programs in operation to date. The current NIOSH WTC Medical Monitoring
and Treatment Program and Environmental Health Center Program, referred
to below as ``current NIOSH WTC programs,'' have operated over the past
10 years. As a result, the current NIOSH WTC programs now approximate
the starting point of the scope of the WTC Health Program's activities
to be established by the PHS Act and implemented by this rule. The data
from operational experience to date is the basis by which HHS has
estimated costs for administrative activities, medical monitoring and
treatment, and estimated related rates of enrollment and certification
(respectively) of additional responders and survivors not currently
participating in the current NIOSH WTC programs. Since the current
NIOSH WTC grants are set to expire in FY 2011, the analyses of WTC
Health Program costs (and health benefits) that follow use a low
estimate reflecting actual costs associated with maintaining the
existing program plus additional administrative activities, and a
higher level that assumes a significant increase in enrollment and
increase in both administrative costs and other health care costs.
The WTC Health Program expects to enroll the approximately 58,000
New York City responders and survivors who are enrolled in the current
NIOSH WTC programs on July 1, 2011. In the high estimates, HHS assumes
that up to 1,064 new responders and survivors in the final quarter of
FY 2011 will be enrolled, resulting in a total of up to 59,064
enrollees in the WTC Health Program for FY 2011. Over the first full
year (FY 2012) of the WTC Health Program within the high estimate, HHS
expects up to 4,255 new enrollees associated with the New York City
terrorist attack, (3,018 responders and 1,237 survivors). The upper
bound of this estimated range is based on the highest annual rates of
enrollment over the past three years for responders and survivors,
respectively. The lower bound assumes no new enrollment as the majority
of responders affected by the WTC attacks have insurance and may not
want to change healthcare providers. The actual enrollment is likely to
fall within these bounds but is highly uncertain. HHS has not estimated
enrollment for the Pentagon or Shanksville, PA populations as this is
outside the scope of the rulemaking.
Administrative Costs
HHS estimates administrative costs ranging between $15,000,000 and
$22,500,000 annually (higher start-up costs are projected for 2012),
covering program management, enrollment of responders and survivors,
certification of WTC-related health conditions in enrolled responders
and certified eligible survivors, authorization of medical care,
payment services, administration of appeals processes, education and
outreach, and administration of the advisory and steering committee
specified in the PHS Act. The range of the costs estimated reflects
uncertainty associated with levels of activity for enrollment, appeals,
the establishment and maintenance of new quality management and
administrative data systems, and competitively established costs for
contractual administrative services.
Costs of Medical Monitoring and Treatment
Initial health evaluations are estimated to cost between $0 and
$59,000 in the final quarter of FY 2011 and between $0 and $2,360,000
over the first full year (FY 2012) of the WTC Health Program, depending
on the levels of actual enrollment and average
[[Page 38922]]
costs per patient. It is unclear how many new people may enroll in the
new program within the first quarter. The high range of costs per
patient are projected to be between $517 and $555 per individual, based
on the average costs for patients having received these evaluations
through the current NIOSH WTC programs and accounting for uncertainty
in medical care inflation (3.4 percent in 2010) and the range of
uncertainty in clinical infrastructure costs (discussed below).
Annual medical monitoring for responders and survivors is estimated
to cost between $8,380,000 and $8,990,000 in the final quarter of FY
2011 for 10,875 responders and survivors and between $33,54,000 and
$36,630,000 in FY 2012, the first full year of the WTC Health Program
for between 43,500 and 44,298 responders and survivors and to increase
with enrollment. This is based on an average cost of between $771 and
$827 per patient for a medical monitoring exam. The range of average
per patient costs is based on the average costs for patients having
received a medical monitoring exam through the current NIOSH WTC
programs and accounting for uncertainty in medical care inflation (3.4
percent in 2010) and the range of uncertainty in clinical
infrastructure costs (discussed below). Based on participation in the
current program, these projections assume 75 percent of responders and
survivors will obtain annual monitoring examinations. These
examinations are provided in the years following the initial health
evaluation, which is why there is a 1-year lag with respect to program
enrollment numbers in the number of patients projected to receive these
exams each fiscal year.
Medical treatment is estimated to cost between $14,550,000 and
$15,890,000 in the final quarter of FY 2011 for between 4,205 and 4,282
responders and survivors and between $58,210,000 and $68,130,000 in the
first full year (FY 2012) of the WTC Health Program for between 16,820
and 18,363 responders and survivors and to increase with enrollment.
This estimate is based on an average cost in the current NIOSH WTC
programs for these services of between $3,461 and $3,710 per patient
under treatment and an estimated 29 percent of enrolled participants in
current NIOSH WTC programs receiving treatment annually. However, there
are current grantees that provide treatment services per patient
significantly below this average cost. The range of average per patient
costs is based on the average costs for patients having received
treatment through the current NIOSH WTC programs and accounting for
uncertainty in medical care inflation (3.4 percent in 2010) and the
range of uncertainty in clinical infrastructure costs (discussed
below).
The initial health evaluation, medical monitoring and treatment
cost estimates include infrastructure costs for the Clinical Centers of
Excellence, which will provide the medical services. The infrastructure
costs are those that the Clinical Centers would need to operate the WTC
Health Program that are not covered by FECA, such as the costs for
retention of participants, case management, medical review and appeals,
benefits counseling, quality management, data transfer, interpreter
services, and the development of treatment protocols. Beginning in FY
2012, HHS projects annual infrastructure costs ranging from $15,400,000
to $28,220,000, depending on competitively established contractual
costs for operating clinical centers of excellence to carry out the
functions described above. These infrastructure costs will be obligated
through contracts with the Clinical Centers annually. These costs are
included within the initial health evaluation, medical monitoring, and
treatment cost estimates but are shown as a non-additive total in Table
2 for the fiscal years 2012-2015, without adjustment for inflation.
Table 2--Summary of Medical Monitoring and Treatment and Clinical Centers of Excellence Infrastructure Cost
Calculations
[In $ millions]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FY 2011 (4th qtr) FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Number of WTC Health Program 58,000......................... 58,000 58,000 58,000 58,000
Enrollees (Low & High Estimates). 59,064......................... 63,319 67,574 71,829 76,084
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Initial Health Evaluation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Enrollees...................... 0.............................. 0 0 0 0
1,064.......................... 4,255 4,255 4,255 4,255
Total Undiscounted Cost of Initial
Health Evaluation:
Low Estimate = $517 per person. $0.00.......................... $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
High Estimate = $555 per person $0.59.......................... $2.36 $2.36 $2.36 $2.36
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual Medical Monitoring
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
75% of All Enrollees, (1-year lag). 10,875......................... 43,500 43,500 43,500 43,500
10,875......................... 44,298 47,489 50,681 53,872
Total Undiscounted Cost of Medical
Monitoring:
Low Estimate = $771 per person. $8.38.......................... $33.54 $33.54 $33.54 $33.54
High Estimate = $827 per person $8.99.......................... $36.63 $39.27 $41.91 $44.55
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Medical Treatment
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29% of All Enrollees............... 4,205.......................... 16,820 16,820 16,820 16,820
4,282.......................... 18,363 19,596 20,830 22,064
Total Undiscounted Cost of Medical
Treatment:
Low Estimate = $3,461 per $14.55......................... $58.21 $58.21 $58.21 $58.21
person.
High Estimate = $3,710 per $15.89......................... $68.13 $72.70 $77.28 $81.86
person.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 38923]]
Medical Treatment Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low Estimate....................... $33.73......................... $91.75 $91.75 $91.75 $91.75
High Estimate...................... $45.14......................... $107.12 $114.33 $121.55 $128.77
Clinical Centers Fixed
Infrastructure Costs (non-add)
Low Estimate................... $10.80 (obligated)............. $15.40 $15.40 $15.40 $15.40
+ $3.60 (non-add).............. ......... ......... ......... .........
High Estimate.................. $19.67 (obligated)............. $28.22 $28.22 $28.22 $28.22
+ $6.56 (non-add).............. ......... ......... ......... .........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Congressional Budget Office Estimates Comparison
HHS has compared the cost estimates it has derived above, based on
the actual expenditures of the current NIOSH WTC programs, with
estimates prepared by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) during the
legislative process that led to the enactment of Title XXXIII of the
PHS Act (Congressional Budget Office, June 25, 2010). CBO used
different methods and assumptions to produce its estimates. The purpose
of the comparison was to consider further the baselines, assumptions
and results of the HHS cost estimates. Excluding costs under Title
XXXIII extraneous to this rulemaking, the CBO estimates for the first 5
years are somewhat higher than those of HHS for each full year, but
well within a factor of two.
Although many of the details of CBO's methodology are not presented
in its report, it appears to HHS that this difference is likely to be
driven by the difference in the estimation of the prevalence of WTC-
related health conditions among responders and survivors and medical
costs for their treatment. CBO based its health care cost estimates on
national data summarizing medical expenditures for the health
conditions covered by the WTC Health Program, whereas these estimates
by HHS are based on actual expenditures in the current NIOSH WTC
programs for these conditions. While it is unclear what prevalence of
each individual health condition CBO applied to calculate its health
care costs, the current actual prevalence of these conditions, to the
extent they are receiving monitoring and treatment, is integrated in
the HHS estimate.
Enrollment estimates projected by CBO fall within the range of
estimates provided in the RIA for this interim final rule. CBO
estimated a WTC Health Program enrollment of New York City responders
and survivors of 3,750 annually. HHS estimated enrollment of up to
4,255 New York City responders and survivors in FY 2012 as the high
range, the first full year, and each year following.
CBO estimated a higher overall prevalence of WTC conditions among
responders and survivors than HHS. CBO projected 40 percent of
enrollees in the WTC Health Program would develop a WTC-related health
condition; HHS cost estimates are based on 29 percent of enrollees in
current NIOSH WTC programs currently receiving treatment for one or
more WTC-related health conditions in the last 12 months.
Examination of Benefits (Potential Health Impacts)
The purpose of this examination is to describe generally with
illustrative detail the benefits that may be expected to result from
this rule in terms of improved health of patients treated through the
WTC Health Program.
An assessment of the health benefits for patients treated through
the WTC Health Program begins with identifying and estimating the
prevalence of health conditions for which participants would be treated
under this rule and the numbers of participants to be treated for these
health conditions. NIOSH has information on the numbers and proportion
of responders and survivors receiving medical treatment in the current
NIOSH WTC programs and has projected enrollment rates in the WTC Health
Program, as specified in the cost discussion above. This information,
and projections of increase associated with new enrollments of
responders and survivors in the WTC Health Program, is summarized in
Table 3, below, which presents the upper bound annual projections of
the total expected population of patients who will be treated under the
WTC Health Program. These figures assume that the prevalence of each
health condition will be and remain the same across all subgroups among
responders and survivors in the WTC Health Program as exists presently
for the participants in current NIOSH WTC programs. If Table 3 were
also to present the lower bound projections of the expected population
of patients who will be treated under the program, assuming there would
be no increase in the enrolled population from 2010, the figures for FY
2012-2015 would be approximately seven percent lower than the figures
presented for FY 2012.
TABLE 3--Estimated Prevalence of WTC-Related Health Conditions Among Enrolled/Certified WTC Health Program
Responders and Survivors
[High range only]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Patients........................................... 4,282 18,363 19,596 20,830 22,064
Patients with any Physical Health Condition.............. 3,775 16,190 17,277 18,365 19,453
Upper Airway......................................... 3,175 13,616 14,530 15,445 16,360
Chronic rhinosinusitis........................... 2,858 12,254 13,077 13,900 14,724
Chronic nasopharyngitis.......................... 64 272 291 309 327
Chronic laryngitis............................... 222 953 1,017 1,081 1,145
[[Page 38924]]
Upper airway hyperreactivity..................... 0 0 0 0 0
Cough............................................ 413 1,770 1,889 2,008 2,127
Sleep apnea...................................... 953 4,085 4,359 4,633 4,908
Lower Airway......................................... 1,952 8,372 8,934 9,496 10,059
Asthma........................................... 1,113 4,772 5,092 5,413 5,734
Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome............. 683 2,930 3,127 3,324 3,521
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)..... 390 1,674 1,787 1,899 2,012
Other chronic respiratory disorder due to fumes 78 335 357 380 402
and vapors......................................
Interstitial lung diseases....................... 98 419 447 475 503
Gastrointestinal..................................... 2,316 9,931 10,597 11,265 11,932
Gastroesphageal reflux........................... 2,304 9,881 10,545 11,209 11,873
Musculoskeletal...................................... 505 2,166 2,312 2,457 2,603
Low back pain.................................... 197 845 902 958 1,015
Carpal tunnel syndrome........................... 30 130 139 147 156
Other musculoskeletal conditions................. 424 1,820 1,942 2,064 2,186
Patients with any Mental Health Condition................ 1,416 6,072 6,479 6,887 7,296
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)................ 750 3,218 3,434 3,650 3,867
Depression........................................... 878 3,764 4,017 4,270 4,523
Panic disorder with agoraphobia...................... 85 364 389 413 438
Generalized anxiety disorder......................... 184 789 842 895 948
Anxiety disorder NOS................................. 524 2,247 2,397 2,548 2,699
Acute stress disorder................................ 42 182 194 207 219
Dysthymic disorder................................... 99 425 454 482 511
Adjustment disorder.................................. 71 304 324 344 365
Substance abuse...................................... * nda nda nda nda nda
All Patients with both Physical and Mental Conditions.... 1,170 5,017 5,354 5,691 6,028
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* No data available.
Based on this prevalence information, HHS has examined the health
and quality of life improvements associated with medical treatment of
several of the most common conditions in the covered population. The
expected health benefits of the WTC Health Program are compared with
those expected if there was no program after June 30, 2011. Where HHS
has estimated such improvements quantitatively, it has assumed that the
condition would continue to be represented among new participants in
the WTC Health Program with the same prevalence with which it is
occurring in current NIOSH WTC programs, as noted above.
Notwithstanding these and other uncertainties discussed in more detail
in the limitations section below, HHS finds the following information
indicative of the nature and scope of health benefits expected to
result from implementation of this rule.
Using the expected number of patients for FY 2011-2015 from Table
3, above, and published information on treatment effectiveness, when
possible, a rough estimate of patient increased quality of life
attributable to the WTC Health Program is presented for several WTC-
related health conditions. HHS used quality of life as a common metric
of expected treatment effectiveness for all the conditions assessed.
The assessment is based on a series of assumptions and relies on very
limited information. As a starting point, HHS assumed that participants
in the WTC Health Program will receive medical treatment that follows
the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's ``Clinical
Guidelines for Adults Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster''
(Guidelines) when possible, along with published information about the
effectiveness of specific medical treatment. The Guidelines recommend a
coordinated approach to assessing and treating mental and physical
health conditions but, as noted above, HHS lacks information
identifying the occurrence of specific single or multiple health
conditions among the patients of current NIOSH WTC programs. Therefore,
HHS assessed the medical treatment of each condition expected to be
prevalent in WTC Health Program participants individually. HHS also
assumes that patients treated through the WTC Health Program will
receive the best care available, based on the assumption that WTC
Health Program healthcare providers would be experts in treating WTC-
related health conditions, both individually and as syndromes. Given
the many unaddressed uncertainties of this assessment, HHS deliberately
used methods that would underestimate potential benefits. One general
method used for all the health conditions addressed was to assume that
all responders and survivors will receive some but not optimal
treatment for their conditions in the absence of the WTC Health
Program. So the benefits estimated represent the incremental
improvement in health patients in the WTC Health Program can expect
from receiving the optimal treatment provided by the WTC Centers of
Clinical Excellence versus standard treatments that are commonly
received outside of this program.
Limitations in deriving health benefits estimates include the
following. There is considerable uncertainty involved in the findings
described below due to the lack of specificity of the condition
information (NIOSH does not have access to condition information in
current NIOSH WTC programs by specific International Classification of
Diseases codes), the availability of multiple medical treatments for
each condition, and limitations of published studies on the
effectiveness of the medical treatments available. There are other
sources of uncertainty as well. For example, some new participants in
the WTC Health Program, if they have not obtained treatment previously,
may present in worse health and may benefit less from medical treatment
than
[[Page 38925]]
participants who received timely treatment through current NIOSH WTC
programs. Also, HHS has not given consideration in these analyses to
the fact that some WTC Health Program participants have or will have
multiple illnesses concurrently, which can impact the effectiveness of
medical treatment for any given condition. HHS has also not estimated
what the likely impact of expanded coverage and more affordable health
care would be through health reform.
Asthma
The recommended treatment for asthma in the Guidelines is a
combination of a daily inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a short-acting
inhaled bronchodilator. HHS assumes that all patients in the WTC Health
Program would be treated accordingly, compared to a hypothetical
scenario according to which patients would be treated with a
bronchodilator only, and compared the quality of life of these two
groups. An alternative would have been to compare the presumed quality
of life of WTC Health Program patients to that of untreated patients
suffering from asthma. HHS chose the former approach because HHS lacks
good quality empirical evidence of the effectiveness of treatment
inside or outside WTC Health Program, and because this approach likely
results in an underestimate of the true health benefits for these
patients. Paltiel et al. studied adult asthma patients and projected
their health-related quality of life outcomes for 10 years into the
future, with and without ICS treatment.\3\ Without ICS, the quality-
adjusted life years (QALYs) of each such patient for a 10-year-long
period were estimated to be 8.65, while with ICS they were estimated to
be 8.94 QALYs (without discounting). The difference in QALYs between
treatment outcomes for the period was 0.29 QALYs for each patient,
which divided by 10 years results in 0.029 QALYs annually. Multiplying
the WTC Health Program's asthma patient population for each year during
FY 2011-2015 by 0.029 results in 642 total or 151 annualized
undiscounted QALYs gained from treating asthma patients in the Program
with ICS versus no ICS (without adjusting for deaths based on life
expectancy tables, which would mostly be attributed to non-asthma
related causes). As discussed above, this estimate has a high degree of
uncertainty. To illustrate this uncertainty, HHS assumes a lower or
higher degree of treatment effectiveness by halving or doubling the
estimated improvement in quality of life, which results in a low
estimate of 321 total or 76 annualized undiscounted QALYs to a high
estimate of 1,284 total or 302 annualized undiscounted QALYs. HHS also
applies a standard low and high discount rate of 3 percent and 7
percent, respectively, to estimate the present value of health benefits
occurring in the future. Under the assumption of 0.029 QALYs gained per
year per patient under treatment, this results in 581 total or 150
annualized QALYs when discounting future health benefits at 3 percent
and 510 total or 146 annualized QALYs when discounting at 7 percent,
respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Paltiel AD, Fuhlbrigge AL, Kitch BT, Lijas B, Weiss ST,
Neumann PJ, Kuntz KM. 2001. Cost effectiveness of inhaled
corticosteroids in adults with mild to moderate asthma: results from
the Asthma Policy Model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108(1):39-46.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)
According to the Guidelines, medical treatment similar to that for
asthma can be provided for patients suffering from RADS. Using the
assumptions described above, HHS estimates this would result in 394
total or 93 annualized undiscounted QALYs gained from treatment of
RADS. HHS estimates of positive health impact range from a low of 197
total or 47 annualized undiscounted QALYs to a high of 788 total or 186
annualized undiscounted QALYs, when assuming that half or double the
effectiveness of treatment in improving quality of life. Assuming that
treating one patient results in 0.029 QALYs gained and discounting
future health benefits at 3 and 7 percent, results in 67 total or 92
annualized QALYs and 313 total or 90 annualized QALYs, respectively.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
The Guidelines do not address COPD treatment in detail. HHS used
information from Briggs et al., who compared treatments of adult COPD
patients in several countries, including the United States.\4\
Comparison treatments included placebo, salmeterol only, fluticasone
propionate only, and a combination salmeterol/fluticasone propionate.
The authors found the combination treatment was the most effective. HHS
used the difference in QALYs between the combination treatment and
salmeterol (0.067), which yields less health improvement than the
combination compared to a placebo (0.077). Multiplying the WTC Health
Program's COPD population for each year during FY 2011-2015 by 0.077
results in 598 total or 141 annualized undiscounted QALYs gained.
Assuming half and double the improvement in quality of life results in
299 total or 71 annualized undiscounted QALYs gained and 1,196 total or
282 annualized undiscounted QALYs gained, respectively. Assuming that
treatment of one patient results in 0.077 QALYs gained and discounting
future health benefits at 3 and 7 percent results in 541 total or 140
annualized QALYs gained and 475 total or 137 annualized QALYs gained,
respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ Briggs AH, Glick HA, Lozano-Ortega G, Spencer M, Caverley
PMA, Jones PW, Vestbo J on behalf of the Towards a Revolution in
COPD Health (TORCH) investigators. 2010. Is treatment with ICS and
LABA cost-effective for COPD? Multinational economic analysis of the
TORCH study. European Respiratory Journal 35(3):532-539.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS)
The literature provides some evidence that medical treatment of
CRS, similar to what is recommended in the Guidelines, would be as
effective as surgery for many levels of severity of CRS.\5\ HHS did not
find any published studies on CRS that included health-related quality
of life related information. Ko and Coons report on mean quality of
life for several chronic conditions in U.S. adults, that include asthma
(0.924) and sinusitis (0.933).\6\ However, in general CRS is probably
associated with a lower quality of life than sinusitis. Assuming that
the improvement in CRS-related quality of life with effective treatment
is only half that of asthma (i.e., 0.0145, see above), treating CRS
patients through the WTC Health Program would result in 824 total or
194 annualized undiscounted QALYs gained. Assuming half and double the
improvement in quality of life results in 52 total or 97 annualized
undiscounted QALYs gained and 1,648 total or 388 annualized
undiscounted QALYs gained, respectively. Assuming that annual treatment
of one patient results in 0.0145 QALYs gained and discounting future
health benefits at 3 and 7 percent results in 746 total or 192
annualized QALYs gained and 655 total or 188 annualized QALYs gained,
respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Ragab SM, Lund VJ, Scadding G. 2004. Evaluation of the
medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a
prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Laryngoscope 11:923-930.
\6\ Ko Y, Coons SJ. Self-reported chronic conditions and EQ-5D
index scores in the US adult population. 2006. Current Medical
Research and Opinions 22(10):2065-2071.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
The Guidelines recommend the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
for 4-8 weeks, followed by maintenance PPI (PPI on demand) to treat
GERD. Gerson
[[Page 38926]]
et al. compared PPI on demand to several other treatments.\7\ The
authors report 0.012 QALYs gained when comparing PPI on demand to the
next most effective treatment they examined (continuous PPI).
Multiplying the WTC Health Program's GERD population for each year
during FY 2011-2015 by 0.012 results in 550 total or 129 annualized
undiscounted QALYs gained. Assuming half and double the improvement in
quality of life results in 275 total or 65 annualized undiscounted
QALYs gained and 1,100 total or 258 annualized undiscounted QALYs
gained, respectively. Assuming that annual treatment of one patient
results in 0.012 QALYs gained and discounting future health benefits at
3 and 7 percent results in 498 total or 128 annualized QALYs gained and
437 total or 125 annualized QALYs gained, respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ Gerson LB, Robbins AS, Garber A, Hornberger J,
Triadafilopoulos G. 2000 A cost-effectiveness analysis of
prescribing strategies in the management of gastroesophageal reflux
disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 95(2): 395-407.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PTSD and Depression
One of the treatments for PTSD addressed in the Guidelines is
exposure therapy (in combination with medication or other treatment as
needed). Nacash et al. found a significant reduction of over 50 percent
of PTSD and depression symptoms measured by the PSS-I (PTSD Symptom
Scale-Interview Version) between ``treatment as usual'' and prolonged
exposure therapy.\8\ PSS-I is roughly equivalent to CAPS, another
longer diagnostic tool for PTSD, according to Foa and Tolin; \9\ CAPS
has been studied in relation to quality of life by Mancino et al.\10\
HHS assumed that the exposure therapy treatment would result in an
increase in quality of life that is approximately half that reported by
Mancino as the difference between moderately severe and moderate PTSD,
or 0.013 QALYs. This result means that WTC Health Program patients
suffering from PTSD and depression would gain 421 total or 99
annualized undiscounted QALYs. Assuming half and double the improvement
in quality of life results in 211 total or 47 annualized undiscounted
QALYs gained and 842 total or 198 annualized undiscounted QALYs gained,
respectively. Assuming that annual treatment of one patient results in
0.013 QALYs gained and discounting future health benefits at 3 and 7
percent results in 381 total or 98 annualized QALYs gained and 334
total or 96 annualized QALYs gained, respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ Nacasch N, Foa EB, Huppert JD, Tzur D, Fostick L, Dinstein
Y, Polliack M, Zohar J. 2010. Prolonged exposure therapy for combat-
and terror-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized
control comparison with treatment as usual. J Clin Psychiatry
(published online ahead of print): doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05682blu.
\9\ Foa EB, Tolin DF. 2000. Comparison of the PTSD Symptom
Scale-Interview Version and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale.
Journal of Traumatic Stress 13(2):181-191.
\10\ Mancino MJ, Pyne JM, Tripathi S, Constans J, Roca V,
Freeman T. 2006. Quality-adjusted health status in veterans with
posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 194:877-879.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In summary, available information indicates the WTC Health Program
is likely to provide substantial improvements in health to responders
and survivors. The discounted QALY estimates discussed above and
summarized in Table 4 below are illustrative of these benefits.
Annualized mid-range estimates for these six health conditions, as well
as annualized cost estimates, are provided in Table 5 concluding these
analyses of costs and benefits. Table 5 presents the benefits in terms
of a range from no effect or benefit to the midrange estimated values
of benefit to account for uncertainty regarding the number of WTC
health program responders and survivors who might receive the same
medical treatments for these conditions using other sources of health
insurance coverage.
Table 4--Potential QALYs Gained From the WTC Health Program Treatment of Select WTC-Related Health Conditions:
FY 2011-2015 Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Present value Present Value
undiscounted of QALYs of QALYs
QALYs gained gained by gained by
Health condition by treatment treatment treatment
(mid-range discounted at discounted at
estimates) 3% 7%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asthma.......................................................... 642 581 510
RADS............................................................ 394 357 313
COPD............................................................ 598 541 475
CRS............................................................. 824 746 655
GERD............................................................ 550 498 437
PTSD & Depression............................................... 421 381 335
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5--Accounting Statement: Annualized Costs and Select Health Benefits of the WTC Health Program
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estimate range Discount rate Period
(low/high) Year dollar (%) covered
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits (Quantified, unmonetized)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualized (QALYs gained/year)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asthma....................................... 0-146 .............. 7 5
0-150 .............. 3 5
RADS......................................... 0-90 .............. 7 5
0-92 .............. 3 5
COPD......................................... 0-137 .............. 7 5
140 .............. 3 5
CRS.......................................... 0-88 .............. 7 5
92 .............. 3 5
GERD......................................... 0-125 .............. 7 5
[[Page 38927]]
0-128 .............. 3 5
PTSD & Depression............................ 0-96 .............. 7 5
0-98 .............. 3 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transfers (Federal Government to centers under contract with the WTC Health Program)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualized monetized ($ million/year)........ $104-$136.08 2011 7 5
$106.70-$139.93 .............. 3 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regulatory Options
Under E.O. 13563, HHS is required to ``identify and assess
available alternatives to direct regulation.'' The provisions of this
rule are either specifically mandated by the PHS Act to be established
by regulation or they establish substantive rights for members of the
public, which are issued through notice and comment rulemaking and
codified as Federal regulations.
E.O. 13563 also requires HHS to ``tailor its regulations to impose
the least burden on society,'' consistent with the regulatory
objectives, and to choose among ``alternative regulatory approaches
those that maximize net benefits.'' However, the PHS Act provides only
minor discretion or no discretion to HHS for the most significant
provisions of the rule. Title XXXIII of the PHS Act specifies without
ambiguity the following major elements: eligibility criteria for
responders and certain survivors of the New York City attacks and
procedures for their enrollment or certification; an initial list of
WTC-related health conditions that may be covered by the Program and
criteria and certain procedures for determining whether one or more of
these conditions shall be covered for a given responder or survivor;
criteria and procedures for determining whether a condition medically
associated with a WTC-related health condition shall also be covered
for a given responder or survivor; procedures for determining the
medical necessity and hence the coverage of specific treatments for
covered conditions; the opportunity for responders and survivors to
appeal adverse decisions determined by the program regarding their
enrollment, coverage for specific health conditions, or coverage of
specific medical treatments; and the use of Federal Employee
Compensation Act (FECA) reimbursement rates for treatments provided,
when applicable. As a result, the very limited discretion granted to
HHS by the PHS Act does not provide substantial opportunities for
policy choices that would have any significant impact on burdens on
society. Similarly, the options for alternative regulatory approaches
are minor and can have little or no bearing on maximizing net benefits.
However, in accordance with this latter requirement, HHS examined
several alternative approaches to specific provisions in this rule for
which the PHS Act provides discretion in determining the policy to be
established. A summary of the three more substantive of these
alternatives follows:
Verifying Applicant Qualifications: The PHS Act does not specify
the procedure or requirements by which the WTC Program Administrator is
to verify the qualifications of a responder applicant in relation to
the eligibility criteria specified by the PHS Act. The rule could
require written documentation from the applicant's employer or other
entity that might verify an individual's presence, residence, or
employment, as proof of their eligibility. The rule prioritizes such
documentation but requires applicants to attest to their eligibility as
an alternative, together with explanation of the lack of documentation
and their efforts to obtain such. Attestations made in lieu of
documentation would be verified as described below. False attestations
would be subject to penalty as noticed and specified on the application
forms.
HHS decided not to exclusively rely on documentation because
experience in the current NIOSH WTC programs has demonstrated that many
responders do not have access to such documentation; this includes many
of the unpaid volunteers who were involved in the response effort as
well as day laborers and other contingent workers common to the
construction industry involved in the site remediation activities. The
current NIOSH WTC programs have verified the eligibility of applicants
despite this documentary limitation by comparing the specific
information provided by an applicant during the application process
with the applicant's exposure history obtained during the initial
health evaluation. The WTC Health Program will continue to verify the
responses provided by individuals on the application form by checking
them against the responses given during the exposure assessment. Doing
so will allow Program staff to evaluate the veracity of information
provided by the individual and thereby assess eligibility. HHS has
rejected the specification of a more restrictive documentary
requirement for verifying the eligibility of responders, which would
exclude responders who meet the statutory criteria for enrollment and
is unnecessary for effectively assessing eligibility. HHS invites
public comment on the appropriateness of this verification process.
Medical Necessity Standard: The PHS Act authorizes the WTC Program
Administrator to establish a medical necessity standard, which governs
the approval of specific medical treatments, together with the use of
treatment protocols to be approved by the Administrator. Public and
private health plans all have such standards, which typically require a
determination that procedures are reasonable and appropriate on the
basis of professional standards of care and scientific evidence. They
vary substantially regarding their level of detail and particular
features, such as considerations of cost-effectiveness or exclusions of
experimental procedures. HHS could have adopted a medical necessity
standard from another public or private health care plan or program.
However, HHS did not identify useful distinctions among these standards
aside from the salient features of relying on professional standards of
care and scientific evidence. HHS does recognize that the very
particular exposure history of the population under care would require
some latitude for considering expert opinion when the current state of
[[Page 38928]]
science or professional standards of care might be deficient.
Accordingly, in the medical necessity standard included in this
rule, HHS coupled the two salient features of other standards, relying
on professional standards of care and scientific evidence, as well as
the option of relying on expert opinion, with the requirement that
treatments adhere to treatment protocols approved by the WTC Program
Administrator, as specified in Title XXXIII of the PHS Act. HHS
believes that this standard will adequately support the WTC Program
Administrator to effectively and efficiently manage determinations of
medical necessity in this Program and ensure that responders and
survivors receive necessary medical treatments. HHS invites public
comment on the appropriateness of this standard and whether any
additional elements or criteria should be considered.
Treatment Payment Rates: Title XXXIII of the PHS Act requires the
WTC Program Administrator to reimburse costs using the FECA payment
rate for medically necessary treatment that is covered by the FECA
rates. For any treatment that is not covered by FECA rates, the WTC
Program Administrator is authorized to establish payment rates, within
the limitation that payment rates for such treatment not exceed the
rates paid for these products and services by the Department of Labor's
Office of Workers' Compensation. HHS is not aware of any treatment to
be provided that is not currently covered by FECA rates. However, NIOSH
is not fully expert in FECA coding and such a deficiency is possible.
To address this need, HHS considered establishing rates uniquely for
this program. HHS could have promulgated the basis for rate setting in
this rule and then would have published rate schedules periodically to
account for the additions of treatments, health care inflation, and
local health care market changes. HHS decided against this approach
because it would be highly inefficient, as such rate setting is already
conducted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for the far
larger populations of patients served by its programs. Moreover, most,
if not all, of the treatments required in this Program are covered by
FECA rates, so the extent of the rate-setting that might be needed for
this Program would be minor. Finally, although this Program covers a
small population, its scope is national, as responders and survivors
are covered wherever they might live, and over time one can expect this
population to continually disperse for employment, retirement, and
other reasons.
Accordingly, HHS has decided it would adopt Medicare payment rates,
which are updated periodically and cover all U.S. localities
nationally. HHS believes this is optimal for several reasons: (1) The
rates are promulgated on the basis of extensive expert analysis, which
ensures competence in the rate setting; (2) the rates are already
widely applied in every locality throughout the nation and hence, their
application for this relatively minor use is unlikely to significantly
impact any health care organization involved in this program; and (3)
the rates meet the statutory requirement under the PHS Act of not
exceeding rates paid by the Department of Labor's Office of Workers'
Compensation Programs. HHS invites public comment on the
appropriateness of this approach and whether any additional
possibilities should be considered.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
CDC has determined that this interim final rule contains
information collection and record keeping requirements that are subject
to review by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3420). A
description of these provisions is given below with an estimate of the
annual reporting burden. Included in the estimate of the annual
reporting burden is the time for reviewing instructions, searching
existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and
completing and reviewing each collection of information. In compliance
with the requirement of Sec. 3506(c)(2)(A) of the PRA for opportunity
for public comment on proposed data collection projects, CDC will
publish periodic summaries of proposed projects. To request more
information on the proposed projects or to obtain a copy of the data
collection plans and instruments, call 404-639-5960 and send comments
to Daniel Holcomb, CDC Reports Clearance Officer, 1600 Clifton Road,
MS-D74, Atlanta, GA 30333 or send an e-mail to [email protected].
Comments are invited on: (a) Whether the proposed collection of
information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of
the Agency, including whether the information shall have practical
utility; (b) the accuracy of the Agency's estimate of the burden of the
proposed collection of information; (c) ways to enhance the quality,
utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and (d) ways
to minimize the burden of the collection of information on respondents.
Written comments should be received within 60 days of this notice.
Proposed Project: World Trade Center Health Program (42 CFR 88)
(OMB Control Number 0920-0891, expiration date 12/31/2011)--New--
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.
Background and Brief Description: Title XXXIII of the Public Health
Service Act as amended establishes the WTC Health Program within HHS.
The Program will provide medical monitoring and treatment benefits to
responders to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York
City, at the Pentagon, and at Shanksville, PA, and survivors of the
terrorist attacks in New York City. Title XXXIII of the PHS Act
requires that various program provisions be established by regulation,
and also requires that the Program begin providing benefits on July 1,
2011.
This interim final rule contains the data collection requirements
that have been approved by OMB through their emergency clearance
process under OMB Control Number 0920-0891, with an expiration date of
December 31, 2011. The provisions in the interim final rule that
contain data collection requirements are:
Section 88.3 Eligibility--currently identified responders; Section
88.7 Eligibility--currently identified survivors. These sections
restate the eligibility criteria, as outlined in Title XXXIII, Sec.
3311 and Sec. 3321 of the PHS Act, for WTC responders and survivors
who have received medical monitoring and treatment benefits from the
NIOSH WTC program. HHS estimates that approximately .5 percent of
currently identified responders and survivors, or 290, will asked to
provide the Program with additional information to ensure that the
individual meets all eligibility criteria. We expect that responding to
this inquiry will take no more than 10 minutes.
Section 88.5 Application process--status as a WTC responder. This
section informs applicants who believe they meet the eligibility
criteria for a WTC responder how to apply for enrollment in the WTC
Health Program, and describes the types of documentation the WTC
Program Administrator will accept as proof of eligibility.
Two distinct but equivalent application forms will be available,
one appropriate to members of the Fire Department, City of New York
(FDNY) (and their eligible family members), and a second appropriate to
members of specified law enforcement organizations and certain other
rescue, recovery, and cleanup workers.
[[Page 38929]]
Section 88.9 Application process--status as a WTC survivor. This
section informs applicants who believe they meet the eligibility
criteria for a WTC survivor how to apply for screening-eligible status
in the WTC Health Program, and describes the types of documentation the
WTC Program Administrator will accept as proof of eligibility.
Section 88.11 Appeals regarding eligibility determination--
responders and survivors. This section establishes the process for
appeals regarding eligibility determinations. The burden table reflects
the annualized total burden (14,184/3 = 4,728), broken into the three
separate applicant groups (Fire Department of New York responders
(189), general responders (2,979), and survivors (1,560)). Of those
applications, we expect that 10 percent will fail due to ineligibility.
We further assume that 10 percent of those individuals (47 respondents)
will appeal the decision.
Section 88.12 Physician's Determination of WTC-Related Health
Conditions. This section requires the collection and reporting of
information related to the diagnosis of a WTC-related health condition
or health condition medically associated with a WTC-related health
condition in a WTC responder or certified-eligible survivor.
Data collection activities in Sec. 88.12, ``Physician's
Determination of WTC-Related Health Conditions,'' do not fall under the
PRA because they are within one of the ten categories of inquiry
generally not deemed to constitute information (5 CFR 1320.3(h)(1)-
(10)). Medical diagnosis and treatment, which falls under Sec. 88.12
and Sec. 88.14 of this part, includes an initial and follow-up
clinical examinations designed to detect health disorders, as well as
direct treatment of clinical disorders to improve or prevent
progression of the disorders. Results of clinical examinations and
treatment will be used in connection with research to understand the
disease processes and to develop better prophylactic procedures for
healthcare of the served population. Burden associated with
epidemiologic and other research regarding certain health conditions
related to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks is not
contemplated as part of this rulemaking.
Data reporting from physicians to the WTC Program Administrator
under Sec. 88.12 is subject to the PRA. Physicians will report this
data electronically and on paper. HHS expects that 2,300 program
physicians will spend approximately 30 minutes extracting the required
elements from the patient records and transmitting them to NIOSH, and
that approximately 32,361 diagnoses, or 14 per provider, will be
reported to the WTC Health Program each year.
Section 88.15 Appeals regarding treatment. This section establishes
the timeline and process to appeal decisions regarding treatment
decisions. HHS estimates that program participants will request
certification for 32,361 health conditions each year. Of those 32,361,
we expect that .001 percent (32) will be denied certification by the
WTC Program Administrator. We further expect that such a denial will be
appealed 95 percent of the time. Of the projected 19,596 enrollees who
will receive medical care, it is estimated that 3 percent (588) will
appeal decisions of unnecessary treatment. We estimate that the appeals
letter will take no more than 30 minutes.
Section 88.16 Reimbursement for medically necessary treatment,
outpatient prescription pharmaceuticals, monitoring, initial health
evaluations, and travel expenses. This section establishes the process
by which a Clinical Center of Excellence or member of the nationwide
provider network will be reimbursed by the WTC Health Program for the
cost of medical treatment and outpatient prescription pharmaceuticals,
and a WTC responder or certified-eligible survivor may be reimbursed
for certain transportation expenses.
Standard U.S. Treasury form SF 3881 (OMB No. 1510-0056) will be
used to gather necessary information from Program healthcare providers
so that they can be reimbursed directly from the Treasury Department.
HHS expects that approximately 200 providers and provider groups will
submit SF 3881, which is estimated to take 15 minutes to complete.
Providers will submit only one SF 3881.
Pharmacies will electronically transmit reimbursement claims to the
WTC Health Program. HHS estimates that 150 pharmacies will submit
reimbursement claims for 39,192 prescriptions per year, or 261 per
pharmacy; we estimate that each submission will take 1 minute.
WTC responders or certified eligible survivors who travel more than
250 miles to a nationwide network provider for medically necessary
treatment may be provided necessary and reasonable transportation and
other expenses. These individuals may submit a travel refund request
form, which should take respondents 10 minutes. HHS expects no more
than 10 claims per year.
The reporting and record keeping requirements contained in these
regulations are used by NIOSH to carry out its responsibilities related
to the implementation of the WTC Health Program as required by law. The
burdens imposed have been reduced to the absolute minimum considered
necessary to permit NIOSH to carry out the purpose of the legislation,
i.e., to implement the WTC Health Program. This emergency data
collection is warranted because it is essential that individuals who
wish to be enrolled, apply to the WTC Health Program, appeal a
determination made by the WTC Program Administrator, or submit a claim
for reimbursement have the opportunity to do so as soon as the Program
begins.
This new information collection request is for 19,111 burden hours.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Responses per Average burden Total burden
Section Title respondents respondent per response (in hours)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88.3............... Eligibility--currently 290 1 10/60 48
identified responders;.
88.7............... Eligibility--currently
identified survivors.
88.5............... Application process--status 189 1 30/60 95
as a WTC responder (FDNY).
88.5............... Application process--status 2,979 1 30/60 1,490
as a WTC responder
(general).
88.9............... Application process--status 1,560 1 15/60 390
as a WTC survivor.
88.11.............. Appeals regarding 47 1 30/60 24
eligibility
determinations--responders
and survivors.
88.12.............. Physician's determination 2,300 14 30/60 16,100
of health conditions in
WTC responders and
certified-eligible
survivors [physician
reporting].
88.15.............. Appeals regarding treatment 588 1 30/60 294
88.15.............. Appeals regarding 30 1 30/60 15
certification of health
conditions.
88.16.............. Reimbursement for medically 200 1 15/60 50
necessary treatment,
monitoring, initial health
evaluations.
[[Page 38930]]
Outpatient prescription 150 261 1/60 653
pharmaceuticals.
Travel expenses............ 10 1 10/60 2
---------------------------------------------------------------
Total.......... ........................... .............. .............. .............. * 19,111
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The physician reimbursement claim under Sec. 88.16 is subtracted from the total because it is captured
elsewhere.
D. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
As required by Congress under the Small Business Regulatory
Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), the Department
will report the promulgation of this rule to Congress prior to its
effective date.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531
et seq.) directs agencies to assess the effects of Federal regulatory
actions on State, local, and Tribal governments, and the private sector
``other than to the extent that such regulations incorporate
requirements specifically set forth in law.'' For purposes of the
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, this rule does not include any Federal
mandate that may result in increased annual expenditures in excess of
$100 million by State, local or Tribal governments in the aggregate, or
by the private sector.
F. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice)
This rule has been drafted and reviewed in accordance with
Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform,'' and will not unduly
burden the Federal court system. This rule has been reviewed carefully
to eliminate drafting errors and ambiguities.
G. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
The Department has reviewed this rule in accordance with Executive
Order 13132 regarding federalism, and has determined that it does not
have ``federalism implications.'' The rule does not ``have substantial
direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.''
H. Executive Order 13045 (Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks)
In accordance with Executive Order 13045, HHS has evaluated the
environmental health and safety effects of this rule on children. HHS
has determined that the rule would have no environmental health and
safety effect on children.
I. Executive Order 13211 (Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use)
In accordance with Executive Order 13211, HHS has evaluated the
effects of this rule on energy supply, distribution or use, and has
determined that the rule will not have a significant adverse effect.
J. Plain Writing Act of 2010
Under Public Law 111-274 (October 13, 2010), executive Departments
and Agencies are required to use plain language in documents that
explain to the public how to comply with a requirement the Federal
Government administers or enforces. HHS has attempted to use plain
language in promulgating this rule consistent with the Federal Plain
Writing Act guidelines.
List of Subjects in 42 CFR Part 88
Aerodigestive disorders, Appeal procedures, Health care, Mental
health conditions, Musculoskeletal disorders, Respiratory and pulmonary
diseases.
Text of the Rule
For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Department of Health
and Human Services adds 42 CFR Part 88 as follows:
PART 88--WORLD TRADE CENTER HEALTH PROGRAM
Sec.
88.1 Definitions.
88.2 General provisions.
88.3 Eligibility--currently-identified responders.
88.4 Eligibility criteria--status as a WTC responder.
88.5 Application process--status as a WTC responder.
88.6 Enrollment determination--status as a WTC responder.
88.7 Eligibility--currently-identified survivors.
88.8 Eligibility criteria--status as a WTC survivor.
88.9 Application process--status as a WTC survivor.
88.10 Enrollment determination--status as a WTC survivor.
88.11 Appeals regarding eligibility determinations--responders and
survivors.
88.12 Physician's determination of WTC-related health conditions.
88.13 WTC Program Administrator's certification of health
conditions.
88.14 Standard for determining medical necessity.
88.15 Appeals regarding treatment.
88.16 Reimbursement for medically necessary treatment, outpatient
prescription pharmaceuticals, monitoring, and initial health
evaluations, and travel expenses.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300mm-300mm-61, Pub. L. 111-347, 124 Stat.
3623.
Sec. 88.1 Definitions.
Act means the Title XXXIII of the Public Health Service Act, as
amended, 42 U.S.C. 300mm through 300mm-61 (codifying Title I of the
James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010, Pub.L. 111-
347), which created the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program.
Aggravating means a health condition that existed on September 11,
2001, and that, as a result of exposure to airborne toxins, any other
hazard, or any other adverse condition resulting from the September 11,
2001, terrorist attacks, requires medical treatment that is (or will
be) in addition to, more frequent than, or of longer duration than the
medical treatment that would have been required for such condition in
the absence of such exposure.
Certification means review and approval by the WTC Program
Administrator of a screening-eligible survivor as eligible for
monitoring and treatment, or a WTC-related health condition or a health
condition medically associated with a WTC-related health condition in a
particular WTC responder or certified-eligible survivor for the purpose
of reimbursement of expenses for medically necessary treatment.
Certified-eligible survivor means:
(1) An individual who has been identified as eligible for medical
treatment and monitoring as of January 2, 2011; or
(2) A screening-eligible WTC survivor who the WTC Program
Administrator certifies to be eligible for follow-up
[[Page 38931]]
monitoring and treatment under Sec. 88.10(f).
Clinical Center of Excellence means a center or centers under
contract with the WTC Health Program. A Clinical Center of Excellence:
(1) Uses an integrated, centralized health care provider approach
to create a comprehensive suite of health services that are accessible
to enrolled WTC responders, screening-eligible WTC survivors, or
certified-eligible survivors;
(2) Has experience in caring for WTC responders or screening-
eligible and certified-eligible WTC survivors;
(3) Employs health care provider staff with expertise that
includes, at a minimum, occupational medicine, environmental medicine,
trauma-related psychiatry and psychology, and social services
counseling; and
(4) Meets such other requirements as specified by the WTC Program
Administrator.
Data Center means a center or centers under contract with the WTC
Health Program to:
(1) Receive, analyze, and report to the WTC Program Administrator
on data that have been collected and reported to the Data Center by the
corresponding Clinical Center(s) of Excellence;
(2) Develop monitoring, initial health evaluation, and treatment
protocols with respect to WTC-related health conditions;
(3) Coordinate the outreach activities of the corresponding
Clinical Centers of Excellence;
(4) Establish criteria for credentialing of medical providers
participating in the nationwide provider network;
(5) Coordinate and administer the activities of the WTC Health
Program Steering Committees; and
(6) Meet periodically with the corresponding Clinical Center(s) of
Excellence to obtain input on the analysis and reporting of data and on
development of monitoring, initial health evaluation, and treatment
protocols.
Designated representative means an individual selected by a WTC
responder, a screening-eligible or a certified-eligible survivor to
represent his or her interests to the WTC Health Program.
Ground Zero means a site in Lower Manhattan bounded by Vesey Street
to the north, the West Side Highway to the west, Liberty Street to the
south, and Church Street to the east in which stood the former World
Trade Center complex.
Health condition medically associated with a World Trade Center
(WTC)-related health condition means a condition that results from
treatment of a WTC-related health condition or results from progression
of a WTC-related health condition.
Initial health evaluation means assessment of one or more symptoms
that may be associated with a WTC-related health condition and includes
a medical and exposure history, a physical examination, and additional
medical testing as needed to evaluate whether the individual has a WTC-
related health condition and is eligible for treatment under the WTC
Health Program.
List of WTC-related health conditions means the following disorders
and conditions, including any other condition added to the list through
procedures specified by the Act and under this part:
(1) Aerodigestive disorders:
(i) Interstitial lung disease.
(ii) Chronic respiratory disorder [fumes/vapors].
(iii) Asthma.
(iv) Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome [RADS].
(v) WTC-exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD].
(vi) Chronic cough syndrome.
(vii) Upper airway hyperactivity.
(viii) Chronic rhinosinusitis.
(ix) Chronic nasopharyngitis.
(x) Chronic laryngitis.
(xi) Gastroesophageal reflux disorder [GERD].
(xii) Sleep apnea exacerbated by or related to a condition
described in preceding paragraphs (1)(i) through (1)(xi)of this
definition.
(2) Mental health conditions:
(i) Posttraumatic stress disorder.
(ii) Major depressive disorder.
(iii) Panic disorder.
(iv) Generalized anxiety disorder.
(v) Anxiety disorder [not otherwise specified].
(vi) Depression [not otherwise specified].
(vii) Acute stress disorder.
(viii) Dysthymic disorder.
(ix) Adjustment disorder.
(x) Substance abuse.
(3) Musculoskeletal disorders for those WTC responders who received
any treatment for a World Trade Center (WTC)-related musculoskeletal
disorder (as defined in this section) on or before September 11, 2003:
(i) Low back pain.
(ii) Carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS].
(iii) Other musculoskeletal disorders.
Medical emergency means a physical or mental health condition for
which immediate treatment is necessary.
Medically necessary treatment means the provision of services by
physicians and other health care providers, diagnostic and laboratory
tests, prescription drugs, inpatient and outpatient hospital services,
and other care that is appropriate to manage, ameliorate or cure a WTC-
related health condition or a health condition medically associated
with a WTC-related health condition, and which conforms to medical
treatment protocols developed by the Data Centers and approved by the
WTC Program Administrator.
Monitoring means periodic physical and mental health assessment of
a WTC responder or certified-eligible survivor in relation to exposure
to airborne toxins, any other hazard, or any other adverse condition
resulting from the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and which
includes a medical and exposure history, a physical examination and
additional medical testing as needed for surveillance or to evaluate
symptom(s) to determine whether the individual has a WTC-related health
condition.
Nationwide provider network means a network of providers throughout
the United States under contracts with the WTC Health Program to
provide an initial health evaluation, monitoring and treatment to
enrolled responders and screening-eligible or certified-eligible
survivors who live outside the New York metropolitan area.
New York City disaster area means an area within New York City that
is the area of Manhattan that is south of Houston Street and any block
in Brooklyn that is wholly or partially contained within a 1.5-mile
radius of the former World Trade Center complex.
New York metropolitan area means the combined statistical areas
comprising the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT Metropolitan Statistical
Area; Kingston, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area; New Haven-Milford, CT
Metropolitan Statistical Area; New York-Northern New Jersey-Long
Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area; Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-
Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area; Torrington, CT
Micropolitan Statistical Area; Trenton-Ewing, NJ Metropolitan
Statistical Area, as defined in OMB Bulletin 10-02, December 1, 2009.
NIOSH means the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services.
One (1) day means the length of a standard work shift, or at least
4 hours but less than 24 hours.
Scientific/Technical Advisory Committee means the WTC Health
Program Scientific/Technical Advisory Committee whose members are
appointed by the WTC Program
[[Page 38932]]
Administrator to review scientific and medical evidence and to make
recommendations to the WTC Program Administrator on additional WTC
Health Program eligibility criteria and on additional WTC-related
health conditions.
Screening-eligible survivor means an individual who is not a WTC
responder and who claims symptoms of a WTC-related health condition and
meets the eligibility criteria for a survivor specified in Sec. 88.8
of this part.
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks means the terrorist attacks
that occurred on September 11, 2001, in New York City, at Shanksville,
Pennsylvania, and at the Pentagon, and includes the aftermath of such
attacks.
Staten Island Landfill means the landfill in Staten Island, NY
called ``Fresh Kills.''
Terrorist watch list means the lists maintained by the Federal
government that will be utilized to screen for known terrorists.
World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program means the program
established by Title XXXIII of the Public Health Service Act as
amended, 42 U.S.C. 300mm-300mm-61 (codifying Title I of the James
Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 (Pub. L. 111-347)), to
provide medical monitoring and treatment benefits for eligible
responders to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and initial
health evaluation, monitoring, and treatment benefits for residents and
other building occupants and area workers in New York City who were
directly impacted and adversely affected by such attacks.
World Trade Center (WTC) Program Administrator means the Director
of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human
Services, or his or her designee.
World Trade Center (WTC)-related health condition means an illness
or health condition for which exposure to airborne toxins, any other
hazard, or any other adverse condition resulting from the September 11,
2001, terrorist attacks, based on an examination by a medical
professional with expertise in treating or diagnosing the health
conditions in the list of conditions, is substantially likely to be a
significant factor in aggravating, contributing to, or causing the
illness or health condition or a mental health condition. A WTC-related
health condition includes conditions on the list of WTC-related health
conditions as specified in this definition for WTC responders and
certified-eligible survivors, and any other condition added to the list
of WTC-related health conditions through procedures specified by the
Act and under this part.
World Trade Center (WTC)-related musculoskeletal disorder means a
chronic or recurrent disorder of the musculoskeletal system caused by
heavy lifting or repetitive strain on the joints or musculoskeletal
system occurring during rescue or recovery efforts in the New York City
disaster area in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks.
World Trade Center (WTC) responder means an individual who has been
identified as eligible for monitoring and treatment as described in
Sec. 88.3 or who meets the eligibility criteria in Sec. 88.4.
Sec. 88.2 General provisions.
(a) Designated representative. (1) An applicant, enrolled
responder, screening-eligible survivor, or certified-eligible survivor
may appoint one individual to represent his or her interests under the
WTC Health Program. The appointment must be in writing.
(2) There may be only one representative at any time. After one
representative has been properly appointed, the WTC Health Program will
not recognize another individual as a representative until the
appointment of the first designated representative is withdrawn.
(3) A properly appointed representative who is recognized by the
WTC Health Program may make a request or give direction to the WTC
Health Program regarding the eligibility or certification
determinations under the WTC Health Program, including appeals. Any
notice requirement contained in this part or in the Act is fully
satisfied if sent to the designated representative.
(4) An enrolled responder, screening-eligible survivor, or
certified-eligible survivor may authorize any individual to represent
him or her in regard to the WTC Health Program, unless that
individual's service as a representative would violate any applicable
provision of law (such as 18 U.S.C. 205 and 208).
(5) A Federal employee may act as a representative only on behalf
of the individuals specified in, and in the manner permitted by, 18
U.S.C. 203 and 18 U.S.C. 205.
(6) If a screening-eligible or certified-eligible survivor is a
minor, a parent or guardian may act on his or her behalf.
(b) [Reserved]
Sec. 88.3 Eligibility--currently identified responders.
(a) Responders who were identified as eligible for monitoring and
treatment under the arrangements as in effect on January 2, 2011,
between NIOSH and the consortium administered by Mount Sinai School of
Medicine in New York City and the Fire Department, City of New York,
are enrolled in the WTC Health Program.
(1) No individual who is determined to be a positive match to the
terrorist watch list maintained by the Federal government will be
considered to be enrolled in the WTC Health Program.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) WTC Responders identified as enrolled under this section are
not required to submit an application to the WTC Health Program.
Sec. 88.4 Eligibility criteria--status as a WTC responder.
(a) Responders to the New York City disaster area who have not been
previously identified as eligible as provided for under Sec. 88.3 of
this part may apply for enrollment in the WTC Health Program on or
after July 1, 2011. Such individuals must meet the criteria in one of
the following categories to be considered eligible for enrollment:
(1) Firefighters and related personnel must meet the criteria
specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section:
(i) The individual was an active or retired member of the Fire
Department, City of New York (whether firefighter or emergency
personnel), and participated at least 1 day in the rescue and recovery
effort at any of the former World Trade Center sites (including Ground
Zero, the Staten Island Landfill, or the New York City Chief Medical
Examiner's Office), during the period beginning on September 11, 2001,
and ending on July 31, 2002; or
(ii) The individual is:
(A) A surviving immediate family member of an individual who was an
active or retired member of the Fire Department, City of New York
(whether firefighter or emergency personnel), who was killed at Ground
Zero on September 11, 2001, and
(B) Received any treatment for a WTC-related mental health
condition on or before September 1, 2008.
(2) Law enforcement officers and WTC rescue, recovery, and cleanup
workers must meet the criteria specified in paragraph (a)(2)(i) or (ii)
of this section:
(i) The individual worked or volunteered onsite in rescue,
recovery, debris cleanup, or related support services in lower
Manhattan (south of Canal Street), the Staten Island Landfill, or the
barge loading piers, for at least:
(A) 4 hours during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and
ending on September 14, 2001; or
[[Page 38933]]
(B) 24 hours during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and
ending on September 30, 2001; or
(C) 80 hours during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and
ending on July 31, 2002.
(ii) The individual was an active or retired member of the New York
City Police Department or an active or retired member of the Port
Authority Police of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey who
participated onsite in rescue, recovery, debris cleanup, or related
support services, for at least:
(A) 4 hours during the period beginning September 11, 2001, and
ending on September 14, 2001, in lower Manhattan (south of Canal
Street), including Ground Zero, the Staten Island Landfill, or the
barge loading piers; or
(B) 1 day beginning on September 11, 2001, and ending on July 31,
2002, at Ground Zero, the Staten Island Landfill, or the barge loading
piers; or
(C) 24 hours during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and
ending on September 30, 2001, in lower Manhattan (south of Canal
Street); or
(D) 80 hours during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and
ending on July 31, 2002, in lower Manhattan (south of Canal Street).
(3) Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City employee.
The individual was an employee of the Office of the Chief Medical
Examiner of New York City involved in the examination and handling of
human remains from the WTC attacks, or other morgue worker who
performed similar post-September 11 functions for such Office staff,
during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and ending on July
31, 2002.
(4) Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation Tunnel worker. The
individual was a worker in the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation
Tunnel for at least 24 hours during the period beginning on February 1,
2002, and ending on July 1, 2002.
(5) Vehicle-maintenance worker. The individual was a vehicle-
maintenance worker who was exposed to debris from the former World
Trade Center while retrieving, driving, cleaning, repairing, and
maintaining vehicles contaminated by airborne toxins from the September
11, 2001, terrorist attacks; and conducted such work for at least 1 day
during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and ending on July
31, 2002.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) [Reserved]
(d) [Reserved]
(e) The WTC Program Administrator will maintain a list of WTC
responders.
Sec. 88.5 Application process--status as a WTC responder.
(a) An application to the WTC Health Program based on the criteria
in Sec. 88.4 shall be submitted with documentation of the applicant's
employment affiliation (if relevant) and work activity during the
dates, times, and locations specified in Sec. 88.4.
(1) Documentation may include but is not limited to a pay stub;
official personnel roster; a written statement, under penalty of
perjury by an employer; site credentials; or similar documentation.
(2) An applicant who is unable to submit the required documentation
must instead offer a written explanation of how he or she tried to
obtain proof of presence, residence, or work activity and why the
attempt was unsuccessful. The applicant shall attest, under penalty of
perjury, that he or she meets the criteria specified in Sec. 88.4.
(b) The application and supporting documentation shall be submitted
to the WTC Program Administrator for consideration.
Sec. 88.6 Enrollment determination--status as a WTC responder.
(a) The WTC Program Administrator will prioritize applications in
the order in which they are received.
(b) The WTC Program Administrator will determine if the applicant
meets the eligibility criteria provided in Sec. 88.4 and notify the
applicant in writing (or by e-mail if an e-mail address is provided by
the applicant) of any deficiencies in the application or the supporting
documentation.
(c) Denial of enrollment.
(1) The WTC Program Administrator will deny enrollment if the
applicant fails to meet the applicable eligibility requirements.
(2) The WTC Program Administrator may deny enrollment of a
responder who is otherwise eligible and qualified if the WTC Program
Administrator determines that the Act's numerical limitations for newly
enrolled responders have been met.
(i) No more than 25,000 WTC responders, other than those enrolled
pursuant to Sec. 88.3 and Sec. 88.4(a)(1)(ii), may be enrolled at any
time.
(A) The WTC Program Administrator may determine, based on the best
available evidence, that sufficient funds are available under the WTC
Health Program Fund to provide treatment and monitoring only for
individuals who are already enrolled as WTC responders at that time.
(B) [Reserved]
(ii) [Reserved]
(3) No individual who is determined to be a positive match to the
terrorist watch list maintained by the Federal government may qualify
to be enrolled or determined to be eligible for the WTC Health Program.
(d) Notification of enrollment determination.
(1) Applicants who meet the current eligibility criteria for WTC
responders in Sec. 88.4 and are qualified shall be notified in writing
by the WTC Program Administrator of the enrollment decision within 60
calendar days of the date of receipt of the application.
(2) If the WTC Program Administrator determines that an applicant
is denied enrollment, the applicant will be notified in writing and
provided an explanation, as appropriate for the determination to deny
enrollment. The notification will inform the applicant of the right to
appeal the initial denial of eligibility and provide instructions on
how to file an appeal.
Sec. 88.7 Eligibility--currently identified survivors.
(a) Survivors who have been identified as eligible for medical
treatment and monitoring as of January 2, 2011, are considered
certified-eligible in the WTC Health Program.
(1) No individual who is determined to be a positive match to the
terrorist watch list maintained by the Federal government will be
considered to be a certified-eligible survivor in the WTC Health
Program.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) Survivors identified as certified-eligible under this section
are not required to submit an application to the WTC Health Program.
Sec. 88.8 Eligibility criteria--status as a WTC survivor.
(a) Criteria for status as a screening-eligible survivor. An
individual who is not a WTC responder, claims symptoms of a WTC-related
health condition, and who has not been previously identified as
eligible under Sec. 88.7 may apply to the WTC Program Administrator on
or after July 1, 2011, for a determination of eligibility for an
initial health evaluation.
(1) The WTC Program Administrator will determine an applicant's
eligibility for an initial health evaluation based on one of the
following criteria:
(i) The screening applicant was present in the dust or dust cloud
in the New York City disaster area on September 11, 2001.
(ii) The screening applicant worked, resided, or attended school,
childcare, or adult daycare in the New York City disaster area, for at
least:
(A) 4 days during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and
ending on January 10, 2002; or
[[Page 38934]]
(B) 30 days during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and
ending on July 31, 2002.
(iii) The screening applicant worked as a cleanup worker or
performed maintenance work in the New York City disaster area during
the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and ending on January 10,
2002, and had extensive exposure to WTC dust as a result of such work.
(iv) The screening applicant:
(A) Was deemed eligible to receive a grant from the Lower Manhattan
Development Corporation Residential Grant Program;
(B) Possessed a lease for a residence or purchased a residence in
the New York City disaster area; and
(C) Resided in such residence during the period beginning on
September 11, 2001, and ending on May 31, 2003.
(v) The screening applicant is an individual whose place of employ
ment--
(A) At any time during the period beginning on September 11, 2001,
and ending on May 31, 2003, was in the New York City disaster area; and
(B) Was deemed eligible to receive a grant from the Lower Manhattan
Development Corporation WTC Small Firms Attraction and Retention Act
program or other government incentive program designed to revitalize
the lower Manhattan economy after the September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) Criteria for status as a certified-eligible survivor. Survivors
who have been determined to have screening-eligible status under Sec.
88.10(a), may seek status as a certified-eligible survivor. Status as a
certified-eligible survivor is based on a certification by the WTC
Program Administrator that, pursuant to an initial health evaluation,
the screening-eligible survivor has a WTC-related health condition and
is eligible for follow-up monitoring and treatment.
(c) The WTC Program Administrator will maintain a list of
screening-eligible and certified-eligible survivors.
Sec. 88.9 Application process--status as a WTC survivor.
(a) Application for status as a screening-eligible survivor. An
application to the WTC Health Program based on the criteria in Sec.
88.8(a) shall be submitted with documentation of the applicant's
location, presence or residence, and/or work activity during the
relevant time period.
(1) Documentation may include but is not limited to: Proof of
residence, such as a lease or utility bill; attendance roster at a
school or daycare; or pay stub, other employment documentation, or
written statement, under penalty of perjury, by an employer indicating
employment location during the relevant time period, or similar
documentation. The applicant shall also attest to symptoms of a WTC-
related health condition.
(2) An applicant who is unable to submit the required documentation
must instead offer a written explanation of how he or she tried to
obtain proof of location, presence, or residence, and/or work activity
and why the attempt was unsuccessful. The applicant shall attest, under
penalty of perjury, that he or she meets the criteria specified in
Sec. 88.8.
(b) Status as a certified-eligible survivor. No additional
application is required for status as a certified-eligible survivor.
If, based upon the screening-eligible survivor's initial health
evaluation (see Sec. 88.10(e)), the WTC Program Administrator
certifies the diagnosis of a WTC-related health condition, then the
survivor will also obtain status as a certified-eligible survivor.
Sec. 88.10 Enrollment determination--status as a WTC survivor.
(a) Screening-eligible survivor status determination. (1) The WTC
Program Administrator will determine if the applicant meets the
screening-eligibility criteria pursuant to Sec. 88.8(a), and notify
the applicant in writing (or by e-mail if an e-mail address is provided
by the applicant) of any deficiencies in the application or the
supporting documentation.
(b) Denial of screening-eligible status. (1) The WTC Program
Administrator may deny screening-eligible status if the applicant is
ineligible under the criteria specified in Sec. 88.8(a).
(2) The WTC Program Administrator may deny screening-eligible
survivor status if the numerical limitation on certified-eligible
survivors in Sec. 88.10(f)(2) has been met.
(3) No individual who is determined to be a positive match to the
terrorist watch list maintained by the Federal government, may qualify
to be a screening-eligible survivor in the WTC Health Program.
(c) Notification of screening-eligible status determination. (1) An
individual who applies under the eligibility criteria in Sec. 88.8(a)
will be notified of his or her status as a screening-eligible survivor
within 60 days of the date of transmission of the application.
(2) If the WTC Program Administrator determines that an applicant
is denied enrollment, the applicant shall be notified in writing and
provided an explanation, as appropriate for the determination to deny
enrollment. The notification shall inform the applicant of the right to
appeal the initial denial of eligibility and provide instructions on
how to file an appeal.
(d) Initial health evaluation for screening-eligible survivors. (1)
A WTC Health Program Clinical Center of Excellence or a member of the
nationwide network provider will provide the screening-eligible
survivor an initial health evaluation to determine if the individual
has a WTC-related health condition and is eligible for follow-up
monitoring and treatment benefits under the WTC Health Program.
(2) The WTC Health Program will provide only one initial health
evaluation per screening-eligible survivor. The individual may request
additional health evaluations at his or her own expense.
(3) If the physician diagnoses the screening-eligible survivor with
a WTC-related health condition, the physician shall promptly transmit
to the WTC Program Administrator his or her determination, consistent
with the requirements of Sec. 88.12(a).
(e) Certified-eligible survivor status determination. (1) The WTC
Program Administrator will prioritize certifications in the order in
which they are received.
(2) The WTC Program Administrator will review the physician's
determination, render a decision regarding certification of the
individual's diagnosed WTC-related health condition, and provide
written notice of the decision and the reason for the decision.
(3) If the individual's condition is certified as a WTC-related
health condition, the individual will also be certified as a certified-
eligible survivor.
(f) Denial of certified-eligible survivor status. (1) The WTC
Program Administrator will deny certified-eligible status if he or she
determines that the screening-eligible survivor does not have a WTC-
related health condition as determined pursuant to Sec. Sec. 88.12 and
88.13 of this part.
(2) The WTC Program Administrator may deny certified-eligible
survivor status of an otherwise eligible and qualified screening-
eligible survivor if the WTC Program Administrator determines that the
Act's numerical limitations for certified-eligible survivors have been
met.
(i) No more than 25,000 individuals, other than those described in
Sec. 88.7 of this part, may be determined to certified-eligible
survivors at any time.
(A) The WTC Program Administrator may determine, based on the best
[[Page 38935]]
available evidence, that sufficient funds are available under the WTC
Health Program Fund to provide treatment and monitoring only for
individuals who have already been certified as certified-eligible
survivors at that time.
(B) [Reserved]
(ii) [Reserved]
(3) No individual who is determined to be a positive match to the
terrorist watch list maintained by the Federal government may qualify
to be a certified-eligible survivor in the WTC Health Program.
(g) Notification of certified-eligible status determination. (1) An
individual who is certified by the WTC Program Administrator as a
certified-eligible survivor will be notified in writing by the WTC
Program Administrator.
(2) If the WTC Program Administrator denies certification of the
screening-eligible survivor's health condition, the screening-eligible
survivor may appeal the WTC Program Administrator's decision to deny
certification, as provided under Sec. 88.15.
Sec. 88.11 Appeals regarding eligibility determinations--responders
and survivors.
(a) An individual or his or her designated representative may
appeal a denial of enrollment as a WTC responder or a denial of a
determination of status as a screening-eligible survivor by sending a
written letter to the WTC Program Administrator at the address
specified in the notice of denial.
(1) The letter shall be sent within 60 days of the date of the WTC
Program Administrator's notification letter, and shall state the
reasons why the individual believes the denial was incorrect and may
include relevant new evidence not previously considered by the WTC
Program Administrator.
(2) Where the denial is based on information from the terrorist
watch list, the appeal will be forwarded to the appropriate Federal
agency.
(b) The WTC Program Administrator will designate a Federal official
independent of the WTC Health Program to review the appeal. The Federal
official will issue a final decision after receipt and review.
(c) The WTC Program Administrator may reopen and reconsider a
denial at any time.
Sec. 88.12 Physician's determination of WTC-related health
conditions.
(a) A physician in a Clinical Center of Excellence or a member of
the nationwide provider network shall promptly transmit to the WTC
Program Administrator a diagnosis and the basis for the diagnosis of a
WTC-related health condition or health condition medically associated
with a WTC-related health condition. The physician's diagnosis shall be
made based on an assessment of the following:
(1) The individual's exposure to airborne toxins, any other hazard
or any other adverse condition resulting from the September 11, 2001,
terrorist attacks.
(2) The type of symptoms experienced by the individual and the
temporal sequence of those symptoms.
(b) For a health condition medically associated with a WTC-related
health condition, the physician's determination shall contain
information establishing how the health condition has resulted from
treatment of a previously certified WTC-related health condition or how
it has resulted from progression of the certified WTC-related health
condition.
Sec. 88.13 WTC Program Administrator's certification of health
conditions.
(a) WTC-related health condition. (1) The WTC Program Administrator
will review each physician determination, render a decision regarding
certification, and notify the WTC responder, screening-eligible
survivor, or certified-eligible survivor of the WTC Program
Administrator's decision and the reason for the decision in writing.
(2) If certification is denied, the WTC responder, screening-
eligible survivor, or certified-eligible survivor may appeal the WTC
Program Administrator's decision to deny certification, as provided
under Sec. 88.15.
(b) Health condition medically associated with a WTC-related health
condition. (1) The WTC Program Administrator will review each physician
determination, render a decision regarding certification, and notify
the WTC responder or certified-eligible survivor in writing of the WTC
Program Administrator's decision and the reason for the decision.
(i) In the course of review, the WTC Program Administrator may seek
a recommendation about certification from a physician panel with
appropriate expertise for the condition.
(ii) [Reserved]
(2) If certification is denied, the WTC responder or certified-
eligible survivor may appeal the WTC Program Administrator's decision
to deny certification, as provided under Sec. 88.15.
(c) Treatment pending certification. While certification is
pending, authorization for treatment of a WTC-related health condition
or a health condition medically associated with a WTC-related health
condition shall be obtained from the WTC Program Administrator before
treatment is provided, except for the provision of treatment for a
medical emergency.
Sec. 88.14 Standard for determining medical necessity.
All treatment provided under the WTC Health Program will adhere to
a standard which is reasonable and appropriate; based on scientific
evidence, professional standards of care, expert opinion or any other
relevant information; and which has been included in the medical
treatment protocols developed by the Data Centers and approved by the
WTC Program Administrator.
Sec. 88.15 Appeals regarding treatment.
(a) Individuals may appeal the following decisions made by the WTC
Program Administrator: not to certify a health condition as a WTC-
related condition; not to certify a health condition as medically
associated with a WTC-related health condition; or not to authorize
treatment due to a determination by the WTC Program Administrator about
medical necessity for a certified WTC-related health condition.
(1) A WTC responder, screening-eligible survivor denied status as a
certified-eligible survivor, certified-eligible survivor, or designated
representative may appeal a determination by the WTC Program
Administrator denying certification of the individual's health
condition for coverage under the WTC Health Program or a determination
that treatment will not be authorized as medically necessary.
(2) Appeal shall be made in writing, describe the reason(s) why the
individual believes the determination is incorrect, and be postmarked
within 60 calendar days of the date of the WTC Program Administrator's
letter notifying the individual of the WTC Program Administrator's
adverse determination. No new documentation will be considered in the
appeal process that was not available to the WTC Program Administrator
at the time of his or her initial determination.
(b) Review of appeal. (1) The WTC Program Administrator will
appoint a Federal official to conduct the appeal.
(2) The Federal official may convene one or more qualified experts,
independent of the WTC Health Program, to review the WTC Program
Administrator's initial determination. The expert reviewers shall base
their review and recommendation on the documentation available to the
WTC Program Administrator when the initial determination was made. The
reviewers
[[Page 38936]]
shall submit their findings to the Federal official.
(3) The Federal official shall review the expert reviewers'
findings and make a final determination, which will be sent to the WTC
Program Administrator and the individual who filed the appeal. No
further requests for review of this final determination will be
considered.
(c) At any time, the WTC Program Administrator may reopen a final
determination (pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section) and may
affirm, vacate, or modify such final determination in any manner he or
she deems appropriate.
Sec. 88.16 Reimbursement for medically necessary treatment,
outpatient prescription pharmaceuticals, monitoring, initial health
evaluations, and travel expenses.
(a) Medically necessary treatment and outpatient prescription
pharmaceuticals. (1) The costs of providing medically necessary
treatment or services for a WTC-related health condition or a health
condition medically associated with a WTC-related health condition by a
Clinical Center of Excellence or by a member of the nationwide provider
network will be reimbursed according to the payment rates that apply to
the provision of such treatment and services by the facility under the
Federal Employees Compensation Act (5 U.S.C. 8101 et seq., 20 CFR Part
20).
(i) The WTC Program Administrator will reimburse a Clinical Center
of Excellence or a member of the nationwide provider network for
treatment not covered under the Federal Employees Compensation Act
pursuant to the applicable Medicare fee for service rate, as determined
appropriate by the WTC Program Administrator.
(ii) [Reserved]
(2) Payment for costs of medically necessary outpatient
prescription pharmaceuticals for a WTC-related health condition or
health condition medically associated with a WTC-related health
condition will be reimbursed by the WTC Program Administrator under a
contract with one or more pharmaceutical providers.
(b) Monitoring and initial health evaluations. (1) Payment for the
costs of providing monitoring and initial health evaluations to a WTC
responder, screening-eligible survivor, or certified-eligible survivor
by a Clinical Center of Excellence or a member of the nationwide
provider network will be reimbursed according to the payment rates that
would apply to the provision of such treatment and services under the
Federal Employees Compensation Act (5 U.S.C. 8101 et seq., 20 CFR Part
20).
(c) Review of claims for reimbursement for medically necessary
treatment. (1) Each claim for reimbursement for treatment will be
reviewed by the WTC Program Administrator.
(2) If the WTC Program Administrator determines that the treatment
is not medically necessary, reimbursement will be withheld by the WTC
Program Administrator.
(d) Transportation and travel expenses. The WTC Program
Administrator may provide for necessary and reasonable transportation
and expenses incident to the securing of medically necessary treatment
through the nationwide provider network, involving travel of more than
250 miles.
Dated: May 6, 2011.
Kathleen Sebelius,
Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services.
[FR Doc. 2011-16488 Filed 6-29-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4163-18-P