[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 29 (Friday, February 11, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 7767-7782]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-3109]
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
45 CFR Parts 144 and 147
[CMS-9981-P]
RIN 0950-AA20
Student Health Insurance Coverage
AGENCY: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), HHS.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: This document contains a proposed regulation that would
establish rules for student health insurance coverage under the Public
Health Service Act and the Affordable Care Act. The proposed rule would
define ``student health insurance
[[Page 7768]]
coverage'' as a type of individual health insurance coverage, and,
pursuant to section 1560(c) of the Affordable Care Act, specify certain
Public Health Service Act and Affordable Care Act requirements as
inapplicable to this type of individual health insurance coverage.
DATES: Send your comments on or before April 12, 2011.
ADDRESSES: In commenting, please refer to file code CMS-9981-P. Because
of staff and resource limitations, we cannot accept comments by
facsimile (FAX) transmission.
You may submit comments in one of four ways (please choose only one
of the ways listed):
1. Electronically. You may submit electronic comments on this
regulation to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions under
the ``More Search Options'' tab.
2. By regular mail. You may mail written comments to the following
address ONLY: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Department of
Health and Human Services, Attention: CMS-9981-P, P.O. Box 8010,
Baltimore, MD 21244-8010.
Please allow sufficient time for mailed comments to be received
before the close of the comment period.
3. By express or overnight mail. You may send written comments to
the following address ONLY: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services,
Department of Health and Human Services, Attention: CMS-9981-P, Mail
Stop C4-26-05, 7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244-1850.
4. By hand or courier. If you prefer, you may deliver (by hand or
courier) your written comments before the close of the comment period
to either of the following addresses:
a. For delivery in Washington, DC--Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services, Department of Health and Human Services, Room 445-G, Hubert
H. Humphrey Building, 200 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC
20201.
(Because access to the interior of the Hubert H. Humphrey Building
is not readily available to persons without Federal government
identification, commenters are encouraged to leave their comments in
the CMS drop slots located in the main lobby of the building. A stamp-
in clock is available for persons wishing to retain a proof of filing
by stamping in and retaining an extra copy of the comments being
filed.)
b. For delivery in Baltimore, MD--Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services, Department of Health and Human Services, 7500 Security
Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244-1850.
If you intend to deliver your comments to the Baltimore address,
please call telephone number (410) 786-9994 in advance to schedule your
arrival with one of our staff members.
Comments mailed to the addresses indicated as appropriate for hand
or courier delivery may be delayed and received after the comment
period.
Submission of comments on paperwork requirements. You may submit
comments on this document's paperwork requirements by following the
instructions at the end of the ``Collection of Information
Requirements'' section in this document.
For information on viewing public comments, see the beginning of
the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions concerning this proposed
rule, contact Lisa Campbell or Robert Imes, Center for Consumer
Information and Insurance Oversight, Department of Health and Human
Services, by phone at (301) 492-4489.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Inspection of Public Comments: All comments
received before the close of the comment period are available for
viewing by the public, including any personally identifiable or
confidential business information that is included in a comment. We
post all comments received before the close of the comment period on
the following Web site as soon as possible after they have been
received: http://regulations.gov. Follow the search instructions on
that Web site to view public comments.
Comments received timely will be also available for public
inspection as they are received, generally beginning approximately 3
weeks after publication of a document, at the headquarters of the
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 7500 Security Boulevard,
Baltimore, Maryland 21244, Monday through Friday of each week from 8:30
a.m. to 4 p.m. To schedule an appointment to view public comments,
phone 1-800-743-3951.
I. Background
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Pub. L. 111-148)
was enacted on March 23, 2010; the Health Care and Education
Reconciliation Act of 2010 (Pub. L. 111-152) was enacted on March 30,
2010. In this proposed rule we refer to the two statutes collectively
as the Affordable Care Act. The Affordable Care Act reorganizes,
amends, and adds to the provisions of Part A of title XXVII of the
Public Health Service (PHS) Act relating to group health plans and
health insurance issuers in the group and individual markets.
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS or the Department)
is issuing regulations in several phases in order to implement
revisions to the PHS Act made by the Affordable Care Act. Most of the
previous regulations were issued jointly with the Departments of Labor
and the Treasury. Interim final rules published in 2010 by the three
Departments included those that implemented PHS Act sections 2711
(regarding lifetime and annual dollar limits on benefits) and 2719A
(regarding patient protections) (75 FR 37188 (June 28, 2010)), and
section 2713 (regarding preventive health services) (75 FR 41726 (July
19, 2010)). HHS published interim final rules implementing section
2718, regarding medical loss ratio (75 FR 74864 (December 1, 2010)). A
full list of the regulations, as well as guidance published by the
Departments regarding various issues related to the implementation of
the Affordable Care Act, is also available at http://www.hhs.gov/cciio
and http://www.dol.gov/ebsa.
Pursuant to the Affordable Care Act which requires that ``[N]othing
in this title (or an amendment made by this title) shall be construed
to prohibit an institution of higher education (as such term is defined
for purposes of the Higher Education Act of 1965) from offering a
student health insurance plan, to the extent that such requirement is
otherwise permitted under applicable Federal, State, or local law,''
this proposed regulation would define the term ``student health
insurance coverage'' as a specific type of individual health insurance
coverage, and would render certain requirements of the PHS Act and the
Affordable Care Act as inapplicable to student health insurance
coverage, given their unique characteristics.
II. Provisions of the Proposed Rule
A. Introduction
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) has estimated that
most students enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities have health
coverage through employer-sponsored plans, but approximately 7 percent
of students between ages 18 and 23, around 610,000 individuals, were
covered through other private insurance such as student health
insurance plans in 2006.\1\ Industry estimates put the number of
individuals
[[Page 7769]]
with student health insurance coverage significantly higher, at 1.1 to
1.5 million individuals. This may be explained, in part, by the
industry estimates counting university students of all ages, not just
those between ages 18 and 23. Furthermore, older students may be more
likely to have dependents enrolled under their student health insurance
coverage. Altogether, according to industry sources, 1,500-2,000
institutions of higher education offer student health coverage. While
the same sources estimate that 200,000 individuals have coverage
through student health plan arrangements that are self-funded through
colleges or universities, the vast majority of student plans are
insured.
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\1\ U.S. Government Accountability Office, Most College Students
Are Covered through Employer-Sponsored Coverage, and Some Colleges
and States are Taking Steps to Increase Coverage, Report 08-389
(March 2008).
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This generally means that a health insurance issuer contracts with
a college or university to issue a group or an association ``blanket''
health insurance policy at a negotiated cost for a defined set of
benefits for each student who desires coverage. While the contract
between the issuer and the college or university usually covers
multiple years, the contract can be modified on an annual basis to make
minor benefit design modifications and to adjust the price for
inflation. The policy is generally rated on a group basis based on the
total expected claims experience of the college or university's
students enrolled in the plan. Students of the college or university,
in turn, are eligible to buy into the policy either on an academic term
basis or an annual basis.
Insured student health insurance plans fall under the regulatory
authority of the States and the Federal government pursuant to the PHS
Act. Since these student health insurance plans are not employment-
based, they do not meet the definition of a group health plan under PHS
Act section 2791(a)(1),\2\ even though some States regulate such plans,
for purposes of State law, as types of group coverage (non-employer
group coverage or association ``blanket coverage'').
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\2\ The definition of ``group health plan'' in PHS Act section
2791(a)(1) incorporates the definition of an employee welfare
benefit plan under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
(ERISA) of 1974, section 3(1).
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Concerns have been raised about the quality and value of these
plans in some cases. For example, the Attorney General of New York in
April 2010 released the findings of an investigation that concluded in
part that some student health plans have such low coverage limits,
exclusions, and limited benefits that they place students and their
families at risk for catastrophic costs for medical care.
The benefits provided by student health plans vary widely. For
example, the GAO study found annual limits ranging from $15,000 to
$250,000, with the median being $50,000.
Given the variation in benefit designs for student health insurance
coverage, premiums vary significantly. The GAO found annual premiums
that ranged from $28 to $2,397, with the average being $850.
With the passage of the Affordable Care Act, several issues have
arisen regarding the applicability of the PHS Act and the Affordable
Care Act to student health insurance plans. Section 1560(c) of the
Affordable Care Act provides that ``[N]othing in this title (or an
amendment made by this title) shall be construed to prohibit an
institution of higher education (as such term is defined for purposes
of the Higher Education Act of 1965) from offering a student health
insurance plan, to the extent that such requirement is otherwise
permitted under applicable Federal, State, or local law.'' Were certain
provisions of the Affordable Care Act applied to student health
insurance coverage, we believe it would effectively prohibit
institutions of higher education from being able to offer these plans.
Because section 1560(c) of the Affordable Care Act instructs HHS not to
construe any provisions of the Affordable Care Act to have this effect,
this rule discusses which provisions we propose construing not to apply
to student health insurance coverage pursuant to section 1560(c).
B. Definition of Student Health Insurance Coverage
The proposed regulation would define student health insurance
coverage as a type of individual health insurance coverage provided
pursuant to a written agreement between an institution of higher
education (as defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965) and a health
insurance issuer, which is provided to students who are enrolled in
that institution and their dependents. In addition, the definition
would require that the coverage only be made available to students
enrolled at the institution of higher education and their dependents;
that eligibility for coverage could not be conditioned on any health
status-related factor; and that it would have to satisfy any additional
requirement that may be imposed under State law.
For purposes of the PHS Act, health insurance coverage that is not
provided in connection with an employer-based group health plan is
individual market coverage, notwithstanding that applicable State law
might classify such non-employer group coverage as association blanket
or discretionary group coverage. Previously, in the preamble to the
interim final regulations implementing the individual market
requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
of 1996 (HIPAA), the Department clarified that ``college plan''
coverage for students was individual market coverage, as distinguished
from the group health plans provided to college employees. 62 FR 16985,
16992 (April 8, 1997).
As noted earlier in the introduction, it is believed that there are
a small number of self-funded student health plans. The PHS Act and the
Affordable Care Act give HHS regulatory authority over health insurance
issuers in the group and individual markets and over non-Federal
governmental group health plans. Because self-funded student health
plans are neither health insurance coverage nor group health plans, as
those terms are defined in the PHS Act, HHS has no authority to
regulate them. Nonetheless, these self-funded student health plans may
be regulated by the States. The Department invites comments on the
prevalence, structure, and State regulation of these self-funded
student health plans.
Under the proposed regulation, the term ``student health insurance
coverage'' would be defined to include only insurance provided pursuant
to a written agreement between an institution of higher education and a
health insurance issuer. As proposed, the agreement could be evidenced
by the health insurance issuer issuing the master insurance policy to
the institution of higher education. If the institution of higher
education is not the policyholder (that is, the students themselves are
the policyholders), we proposed to require that in order to meet the
definition of student health insurance coverage, there would have to be
a separate agreement between the issuer and the institution of higher
education clearly indicating the institution of higher education's role
with respect to factors such as selecting, terminating, and replacing
the health insurance issuer; choosing or negotiating policy terms;
setting student and dependent eligibility terms; publicizing,
endorsing, or recommending the policy to students and dependents; and/
or providing students and dependents with assistance with obtaining
benefits or appealing denials under the coverage. Under the proposed
rule, if there were no written agreement between the institution of
higher education and the health insurance issuer, such coverage would
be subject to all of the individual
[[Page 7770]]
market requirements in the PHS Act and the Affordable Care Act.
The definition of student health insurance coverage in this
proposed regulation would be intended to ensure that student health
insurance coverage is offered only to students enrolled in an
institution of higher education. Student health insurance coverage also
could cover students' dependents such as their spouses and children, as
defined by the plan terms.
In addition, we propose that coverage that otherwise met the
definition of student health insurance coverage could still meet the
definition even if it also provided coverage for limited periods of
time to individuals who are on breaks between academic terms, on
temporary leaves of absence for medical or other reasons, or have
recently graduated or otherwise ceased enrollment in an institution of
higher education. The institution of higher education and the issuer
would specify in the documents governing the student health insurance
coverage which individuals could be viewed as being enrolled in the
institution of higher education for purposes of eligibility for the
student health insurance coverage.
Past research suggests that institutions of higher education vary
in the extent to which part-time students are offered student health
insurance coverage.\3\ This proposed regulation would not set any
minimum threshold for determining student status under student health
insurance coverage (for example, require that students take a minimum
number of course hours each term or be seeking a degree), leaving such
eligibility decisions to each institution of higher education and the
issuer.
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\3\ For example, U.S. Government Accountability Office, Most
College Students Are Covered through Employer-Sponsored Coverage,
and Some Colleges and States are Taking Steps to Increase Coverage;
Stacey Pogue, Covering Uninsured Students in Texas: The Role of
Student Health Insurance Coverage (2005).
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The proposed regulation would provide that coverage offered to non-
students seeking individual market coverage would not meet the
definition of student health insurance coverage. Other individual
market coverage that incidentally covers a student (such as under a
parent's family policy) would not meet the definition of student health
insurance coverage under this proposed regulation.
Lastly, under this proposed regulation, in order to meet the
definition of student health insurance coverage, the coverage could not
condition enrollment on any health status-related factor of a student
or dependent. The term ``health status-related factor'' or ``health
factor'' is proposed to have the same meaning as that term has in 45
CFR 144.103, incorporating 45 CFR 146.121(a), which applies with
respect to group health insurance requirements. That term includes
health status, medical condition (including both physical and mental
illnesses), claims experience, receipt of health care, medical history,
genetic information, evidence of insurability, and disability.
Incorporation of this non-discrimination requirement is modeled on the
definition of bona fide association coverage in 45 CFR 144.103. HHS
believes that this requirement will have a minimal impact on student
health insurance plans because the Department understands that, in the
past, student health insurance coverage offered by institutions of
higher education receiving Federal funds generally has not
discriminated against individual students or dependents on the basis of
health status due to requirements under section 504 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and related regulations issued by the U.S.
Department of Education that prohibit discrimination based on
disability.\4\
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\4\ ``No qualified handicapped student shall, on the basis of
handicap, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits
of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any * * *
health insurance * * * to which this subpart applies.'' 34 CFR
104.43(a).
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C. Student Health Insurance Coverage and Short-Term Limited Duration
Insurance
45 CFR 144.103 defines short-term limited duration insurance as
``health insurance coverage provided pursuant to a contract with an
issuer that has an expiration date specified in the contract (taking
into account any extensions that may be elected by the policyholder
without the issuer's consent) that is less than 12 months after the
original effective date of the contract.'' Short-term limited duration
insurance is available to individuals to fill in gaps of coverage that
otherwise might occur, such as when they are between jobs and without
employer coverage. Since short-term limited duration insurance is
specifically excluded from the definition of individual health
insurance coverage in 45 CFR 144.103, the individual market protections
of the PHS Act and the Affordable Care Act do not apply to short-term
limited duration insurance.
In many student health insurance plans, the term of the coverage is
for a period less than 12 months--sometimes for only a day or even
minutes less than 12 months--suggesting an intent to claim short-term
limited duration insurance status and avoid PHS Act and Affordable Care
Act requirements.\5\ However, we understand that some of these policies
are also renewable at the option of the student so long as the student
continues enrollment at the school. In fact, in some instances, the
student's college or university will automatically re-enroll the
student in such coverage without any affirmative action on the
student's part.
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\5\ For example, the Department noted one student health
insurance policy that was effective from 12:01 a.m., August 1, to
11:59 p.m., July 31 of the following year. Other policies had
similar policy periods.
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It is our understanding that, in the past, student health insurance
coverage was considered in some cases by issuers and institutions of
higher education to be short-term limited duration insurance if the
initial term of the coverage was less than 12 months in duration, even
if it renewed automatically. Accordingly, many student health insurance
plans do not provide some important protections of the PHS Act and the
Affordable Care Act that apply to individual health insurance coverage.
The proposed regulation would clarify that if the coverage is renewable
each year at the option of the student as long as the student remains
in school, the renewals would constitute ``extensions that may be
elected by the policyholder without the issuer's consent'' that would
not expire within a year, and that the coverage would not, therefore,
meet the definition of short-term limited duration insurance. We
understand that the right to renew the insurance coverage, provided
that the student remains in school, is a common practice for student
health insurance coverage. Thus, this proposed regulation would clarify
that student health insurance coverage that is at least 12 months in
duration, including any potential extension that may be elected by the
student, is individual health insurance coverage generally subject to
the individual market requirements of the PHS Act and the Affordable
Care Act. This proposed regulation would not amend the existing
definition of short-term limited duration insurance. HHS invites
comments on the prevalence of existing student health insurance plans
that meet the definition of short-term limited duration insurance and
whether such plans should be subject to certain requirements of the PHS
Act and the Affordable Care Act.
D. Application of the PHS Act and the Affordable Care Act
In clarifying the general applicability of the PHS Act and the
Affordable Care
[[Page 7771]]
Act to student health insurance plans, this proposed regulation would
also specify that a limited number of requirements of the PHS Act and
the Affordable Care Act are inapplicable to student health insurance
coverage. Section 1560(c) of the Affordable Care Act provides that
``[N]othing in this title (or an amendment made by this title) shall be
construed to prohibit an institution of higher education (as such term
is defined for purposes of the Higher Education Act of 1965) from
offering a student health insurance plan, to the extent that such
requirement is otherwise permitted under applicable Federal, State, or
local law.'' The Department interprets this provision of the Affordable
Care Act to mean that if particular requirements in the Affordable Care
Act would, as a practical matter, have the effect of prohibiting an
institution of higher education from offering a student health plan
otherwise permitted under Federal, State or local law, such
requirements would be inapplicable pursuant to the rule of construction
in section 1560(c).
The Department has identified several provisions in the PHS Act and
the Affordable Care Act that we believe would have this effect and
several others that might have this effect.
For example, the PHS Act guaranteed availability and guaranteed
renewability requirements are incompatible with plans that, by
definition, are restricted to individuals enrolled as students in
institutions of higher education and their dependents. As explained
below, the proposed regulation would construe these provisions as
inapplicable to student health insurance coverage, for purposes of
Federal law, so as to avoid conflict with section 1560(c) of the
Affordable Care Act. The PHS Act and implementing regulations make
clear that guaranteed issue and guaranteed renewability requirements
are inapplicable to bona fide association plans that, like student
health plans, are limited by definition to a defined pool of
beneficiaries. This rule proposes to construe student health insurance
coverage to be offered through a bona fide association for this
purpose.\6\
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\6\ See 45 CFR 148.120(g)(2) and 148.122(c)(5), which exempts
bona fide associations from the guaranteed issue and guaranteed
renewability requirements, respectively.
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Under this proposed regulation, student health insurance coverage
would be subject to the individual market requirements of the PHS Act
and the Affordable Care Act, with the exception of those specific
provisions that are identified in this proposed rule. The specific
provisions which would be inapplicable to student health plans are
discussed below. We also discuss other Affordable Care Act requirements
that may so impede the offering of student health plans that they may
also be found inapplicable pursuant to section 1560(c) of the
Affordable Care Act. We solicit comments as to whether this is the case
with respect to these latter requirements.
1. Guaranteed Availability and Guaranteed Renewability
Section 2741(a) of the PHS Act generally requires health insurance
issuers that offer coverage in the individual market in a State to
offer coverage to certain eligible individuals,\7\ and prohibits
imposing any preexisting condition exclusion with respect to such
individuals.\8\
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\7\ For purposes of PHS Act sections 2741 and 2744, an eligible
individual is defined in PHS Act section 2741(b). These eligible
individuals, also referred to as ``HIPAA eligible'' individuals,
meet certain criteria including having recently lost group health
coverage and having at least 18 months of prior creditable coverage.
See 45 CFR Sec. Sec. 148.103 through 148.128.
\8\ We note that the guaranteed availability requirement of PHS
Act section 2741(a)(1) does not apply in States that are
implementing an acceptable alternative mechanism for HIPAA eligible
individuals under section 2744 of the PHS Act. In those States,
State law provides alternative ways to guarantee coverage to
eligible individuals. We doubt that such mechanisms require student
health insurance coverage to be sold to HIPAA eligible individuals
who otherwise would not qualify. However, if they do, we encourage
such States to revise their mechanisms so that it would not be
required.
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Section 2742 of the PHS Act requires a health insurance issuer that
provides individual health insurance coverage to any individual to
renew or continue the coverage in force at the option of the
individual. This requirement applies regardless of whether the
policyholder obtained the coverage as an eligible individual.
As previously indicated, both the guaranteed availability and
guaranteed renewability requirements provide an exception for coverage
that is offered through a bona fide association. (See PHS Act sections
2741(e)(1) and 2742(b)(5) and Sec. Sec. 148.120(g)(2) and 148.122
(c)(5).) \9\
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\9\ Section 2741(e)(1) of the PHS Act provides that ``the
provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not be construed
to require that a health insurance issuer offering health insurance
coverage only * * * through one or more bona fide associations * * *
offer such health insurance coverage in the individual market.''
Section 2742(b)(5) of the PHS Act provides that, in the case of
health insurance coverage that is made available in the individual
market only through one or more bona fide associations, the
membership of the individual in the association ceases but only if
such coverage is terminated under this paragraph uniformly without
regard to any health status-related factor of covered individuals.
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Because application of the guaranteed issue and guaranteed
renewability requirements would be inconsistent with the provision of
student health plans, this proposed regulation would construe student
health insurance coverage for purposes of Federal law as falling within
the bona fide association exception as provided in PHS Act sections
2741(e)(1) or 2742(b)(5). Such plans, by definition, meet the criteria
described in sections (2) through (5) of the definition of a bona fide
association, contained in 45 CFR 144.103. This is because student
health insurance coverage is provided in a manner similar to a bona
fide association since it only offers enrollment to a closed class of
similarly situated individuals (that is, students and their dependents)
and is only renewable to individuals who remain enrolled in colleges
and universities as students and their dependents.\10\
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\10\ The full definition of a bona fide association is as
follows: Bona fide association means, with respect to health
insurance coverage offered in a State, an association that meets the
following conditions:
(1) Has been actively in existence for at least 5 years.
(2) Has been formed and maintained in good faith for purposes
other than obtaining insurance.
(3) Does not condition membership in the association on any
health status-related factor relating to an individual.
(4) Makes health insurance coverage offered through the
association available to all members regardless of any health
status-related factor relating to the members (or individuals
eligible for coverage through a member)
(5) Does not make health insurance coverage offered through the
association available other than in connection with a member of the
association.
(6) Meets any additional requirements that may be imposed under
State law.
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In construing student health insurance coverage as bona fide
association plans for purposes of these two sections of the PHS Act, we
do not propose to apply the first criterion in Sec. 144.103, which is
that the association must have been actively in existence for at least
five years. That criterion is designed to reinforce the requirement
that an association has been formed for purposes other than obtaining
insurance. However, since it is highly unlikely that an institution of
higher education would, or even could, be formed only for the purpose
of obtaining insurance, we do not believe it is necessary to bar
institutions of higher education that have not yet been in existence
for five years from providing student health insurance coverage.
We would also note that the sixth criterion (meets any additional
requirement imposed by State law) simply duplicates one of the criteria
under the proposed definition of
[[Page 7772]]
student health insurance coverage, so it would also be construed to be
satisfied for this purpose.
This would be an automatic, construed status for purposes of
Federal law, intended solely to allow student health insurance coverage
to be limited to students and their dependents, without imposing any
availability requirements for non-students, or renewability
requirements after an individual has ceased to be a student, similar to
how bona fide association coverage is limited to association members.
This construed status does not require health insurance issuers
offering student health insurance coverage to revise or amend their
current business or marketing agreements and practices.
2. Annual Limits
Section 2711 of the PHS Act prohibits group health plans and health
insurance issuers offering group or individual health insurance
coverage from establishing lifetime limits on the dollar value of
essential health benefits \11\ and restricts annual dollar limits on
such benefits before 2014 for group health plans and non-grandfathered
individual market plans. For plan or policy years beginning on or after
January 1, 2014, annual dollar limits will be prohibited on essential
health benefits. Interim final regulations published on June 28, 2010
implement the prohibition on lifetime dollar limits and set forth
restrictions on annual dollar limits that apply prior to 2014 (75 FR
37188). Under the annual limits interim final regulations, annual
limits on the dollar value of essential health benefits generally
cannot be lower than: $750,000 for plan or policy years beginning on or
after September 23, 2010 but before September 23, 2011; $1.25 million
for plan or policy years beginning on or after September 23, 2011 but
before September 23, 2012; and $2 million for plan or policy years
beginning on or after September 23, 2012 but before January 1, 2014.
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\11\ Section 1302(b) of the Affordable Care Act defines
essential health benefits to ``include at least the following
general categories and the items and services covered within the
categories: ambulatory patient services; emergency services;
hospitalization; maternity and newborn care; mental health and
substance use disorder services, including behavioral health
treatment; prescription drugs; rehabilitative and habilitative
services and devices; laboratory services; preventive and wellness
services and chronic disease management; and pediatric services,
including oral and vision care.''
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Many issuers that have provided student health insurance coverage
customarily imposed low annual limits on the student health insurance
coverage, and this practice apparently continued after the enactment of
the Affordable Care Act and publication of the interim final rules
because of the view by issuers that many of these policies were not
subject to the Affordable Care Act because they were short-term limited
duration insurance. As noted above, for plan years beginning after
September 23, 2011, the minimum annual limit is $1.25 million, a level
which, if applied immediately to student health insurance coverage, is
so much higher than many current limits that it could serve to
``prohibit an institution of higher education * * * from offering a
student health insurance plan.'' In order to avoid this and be
consistent with section 1560(c) of the Affordable Care Act, HHS is
proposing to provide a transition period for issuers of student health
insurance coverage to comply with the annual limits requirements in 45
CFR 147.126. The transition period would be for policy years beginning
before September 23, 2012. For that period, however, students and their
dependents should have protection from being subjected to extremely low
annual dollar limits on essential health benefits. Accordingly, student
health insurance coverage would be required to have an annual limit of
no less than $100,000 on essential benefits for policy years beginning
on or after January 1, 2012 but before September 23, 2012. HHS believes
that issuers of student health insurance coverage should be able to
fully comply with the annual dollar limits requirements of not lower
than $2 million for policy years beginning on or after September 23,
2012 without incurring undue financial hardship or without disruption
to the student health insurance market given the period of time
provided under this proposed rule for them to comply with the
requirements. HHS is requesting comments on the applicability of the
annual dollar limits requirements to student health insurance coverage,
and the proposed phase-in of the annual dollar limits requirements.
Lastly, under the proposed regulation, the prohibition on lifetime
limits under section 2711 of the PHS Act would be applicable to student
health insurance coverage.
3. Coverage of Preventive Services
Section 2713 of the PHS Act requires that a group health plan and a
health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance
coverage provide benefits for specified recommended preventive services
and prohibits the imposition of cost-sharing requirements with respect
to such services. Interim final regulations published on July 19, 2010,
implemented rules for preventive health services (75 FR 41726).
Concerns have been raised as to whether certain administrative fees
charged to all students to help cover the cost of student health clinic
operations and care delivery (separate from the purchase of student
health insurance coverage by a subset of students) constitutes ``cost-
sharing,'' the imposition of which could violate the no cost-sharing
requirements for certain preventive services. Such student health fees
can be charged by the college or university to all students on a
quarterly, semester or annual basis, regardless of whether a student
utilizes a designated clinic or enrolls in student health insurance
coverage. This type of student health fee is different from premiums
and cost-sharing for group health plans and health insurance coverage
in that it is charged to all students enrolled at the college or
university, regardless of whether the student has student health
insurance coverage. As a type of individual health insurance coverage,
student health insurance coverage must comply with the requirements for
preventive health services under section 2713 of the PHS Act,
pertaining to the prohibition of cost-sharing for preventive services.
However, because of the unique nature of the student health fee, the
proposed rule would provide a definition of a student administrative
health fee and clarify that such fees are not cost-sharing requirements
under PHS Act section 2713.
HHS is requesting comments on the applicability of section 2713 to
student health insurance coverage and the interaction of the college
health fee and the no cost-sharing requirement for preventive services.
4. Choice of Health Care Professional
Section 2719A of the PHS Act provides that if a group health plan,
or a health insurance issuer offering group or individual health
insurance coverage, requires or provides for designation by a
participant, beneficiary, or enrollee of a participating primary care
provider, then the plan or issuer must permit each participant,
beneficiary, or enrollee to designate any participating primary care
provider who is available to accept the participant, beneficiary, or
enrollee. Interim final regulations published on June 28, 2010
implemented rules for choice of health care professional (75 FR 37188).
Concerns have been expressed by stakeholders representing colleges and
universities that the provisions relating to choice of health care
[[Page 7773]]
professional could be disruptive to the college health service system
since it is a unique system which, although it is generally not
indemnity coverage, is not structured like a traditional HMO or a PPO.
The proposed rule does not provide that the requirements of section
2719A would be inapplicable to student health insurance plans, but HHS
is requesting comments on the applicability of the requirements for
choice of health care professional to student health insurance coverage
and the interaction with the college health service system.
5. Affordable Care Act Provisions Effective in 2014
HHS does not address in this proposed rule the applicability of PHS
Act section 2702 (guaranteed issue) and section 2703 (guaranteed
renewability) to student health insurance coverage, both of which are
effective in the individual health insurance market for policy years
beginning on or after January 1, 2014. HHS believes, however, that the
general policy rationales supporting the inapplicability of PHS Act
sections 2741 and 2742 to student health insurance coverage in this
proposed regulation also would apply with respect to PHS Act sections
2702 and 2703. In addition, HHS could address in future regulations
whether it would be appropriate to specify that these provisions would
be inapplicable to student health insurance coverage provisions through
the authority under section 1560(c) of the Affordable Care Act. Since
student health insurance coverage is designed to be available and
renewable only to students of colleges and universities (and their
dependents), it is likely that requiring student health insurance
coverage to be available and renewable to individuals other than these
students could prevent the design and development of student health
insurance coverage.
HHS requests comments on the applicability of PHS Act sections 2702
and 2703 and other 2014 Affordable Care Act provisions to student
health insurance coverage as defined in this proposed regulation.
Comments are also requested on the interaction of student health
insurance coverage with the health insurance Exchanges that will be
created in States beginning in 2014.
6. Medical Loss Ratio (MLR)
Some issuers have raised concerns regarding the application of the
medical loss ratio (MLR) provisions of section 2718 of the Affordable
Care Act to student health insurance plans. This provision requires
that, in general, at least 80% (in the small group and individual
markets) or 85% (in the large group market) of the premiums that
issuers receive for insurance policies be spent on reimbursement for
clinical services to enrollees (such as hospital and physician
payments) and activities that improve health care quality. The issuers
assert that the administrative cost structure of student health
insurance plans is higher than the more typical individual policies, in
part due to the customized nature of each college or university's plan,
making compliance with the 80% MLR standard potentially prohibitive.
For example, issuers stated that, compared to other health insurance
coverage, student health insurance coverage may hold open enrollment
periods more frequently (for example, each academic term rather than
annually), require unique product designs (for example, for foreign
students), and require more manual claims processing than average due
to the billing and accounting practices of college health clinics.
There is no public data regarding the actual expense structure of
student health plans or regarding their MLRs.
HHS issued an interim final rule (IFR) (75 FR 74864, December 1,
2010, as modified by the Correction of IFR (75 FR 82277, December 30,
2010)), implementing section 2718, based on the recommendations in the
MLR model regulation of the National Association of Insurance
Commissioners (NAIC). In that regulation, issuers of policies that have
a total annual limit of $250,000 or less (so-called ``mini-med'' plans)
and issuers of expatriate plans are required to report their mini-med
and expatriate plan experience separately from their other policies for
one year, and, for that one-year period, are provided an accommodation
in the formula for determining the MLR for those lines of business.
This was done because mini-med plans and expatriate plans were believed
to have unique characteristics or expense structures and, as here,
there is limited data regarding the administrative cost structures of
these policies. This accommodation was made in order to allow the
collection and analysis of data to determine if they have special
circumstances that warrant special methodologies. The MLR IFR does not
provide a special methodology for student health insurance plans.
To the extent that the application of the MLR requirements set
forth in 45 CFR part 158 to student health plans would ``prohibit an
institution of higher education * * * from offering a student health
insurance plan,'' as section 1560(c) of the Affordable Care Act
provides, then student health insurance plans may have unique
administrative expenses that warrant developing methodologies that take
such expenses into account in calculating the measure of activities to
be reported as part of the MLR requirements. HHS is requesting comments
on PHS Act section 2718 as it relates to student health insurance
coverage.
E. Notice
1. Requirement
This proposed regulation would require a health insurance issuer to
disclose to the student and any dependents in the insurance policy or
certificate and any other written materials (for example, enrollment
materials) that the policy being issued does not meet all of the
requirements under the Affordable Care Act. HHS believes that the
communication of this information is necessary in order for students
and any dependents to understand the value and quality of the coverage
that is being offered to them, and not have expectations that all of
the requirements under the Affordable Care Act will apply. The notice
would be required to provide a brief description of the requirements of
the Affordable Care Act that do not apply to student health insurance
coverage, and it would be required to be prominently displayed in
clear, conspicuous 14-point bold type.
HHS is requesting comments on the notice requirement for student
health insurance coverage.
2. Model Language
This proposed regulation would provide model language that can be
used by health insurance issuers to satisfy the notice requirement.
This proposed regulation would provide that substantially similar
language can also be used to satisfy the requirement. HHS is requesting
comments on the model language.
F. Interaction With State Laws
As indicated earlier, many States do not regulate student health
insurance as individual health insurance coverage but as a type of
association blanket coverage or as non-employer group coverage.
However, States have been aware, ever since the enactment of HIPAA in
1996, that health insurance coverage that is not sold in connection
with employment is individual market coverage for purposes of the
Federal statute (unless there is a specific exception such as for
short-term limited duration insurance). The preemption provisions of
section 2762 of the PHS Act (added by HIPAA and implemented in 45 CFR
148.210(b)) apply so that the
[[Page 7774]]
PHS Act requirements are not to be ``construed to prevent a State from
establishing, implementing, or continuing in effect standards and
requirements unless such standards and requirements prevent the
application or requirement'' of the PHS Act. The HIPAA conference
report indicates that this is intended to be the ``narrowest''
preemption of State laws. (See House Conf. Rep. No. 104-736, at 205,
reprinted in 1996 U.S. Code Cong. & Admin. News 2018).
In applying this preemption standard, a State is free to continue
to regulate student health insurance coverage as association coverage
or as a form of group health insurance provided that doing so does not
prevent the application of any of the applicable requirements and
protections of the individual market provisions of the PHS Act and
Affordable Care Act. If any State law or requirement prevents the
application of a Federal standard, then that particular State law or
requirement would be preempted. HHS invites comments on the interaction
of specific State laws or requirements with the Federal standards
regarding student health insurance coverage.
G. Conforming Amendments
Conforming amendments were made to the definitions in 45 CFR
144.103. First, this proposed regulation would clarify that the
definitions apply to part 147 unless otherwise noted. Second, a
definition of student health insurance coverage is added, which cross
references the definition of student health insurance coverage in 45
CFR 147.145(a).
H. Applicability Date
The applicability date of the proposed regulation would be for
policy years beginning on or after January 1, 2012. This is because the
Department recognizes that health insurance issuers will need time to
incorporate the requirements of individual health insurance coverage
under the PHS Act that would apply to student health insurance
coverage. HHS believes it would be appropriate to provide time for
transitioning student health insurance coverage to comply with the PHS
Act and Affordable Care Act to the extent necessary in order to
maintain the offering of student health insurance coverage to students.
To require that issuers of student health insurance coverage comply
with the applicable provisions of the PHS Act and Affordable Care Act
upon the effective date of the regulation would be disruptive to the
student health insurance market.
III. Collection of Information Requirements
Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, we are required to
provide 60-day notice in the Federal Register and solicit public
comment before a collection of information requirement is submitted to
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval. This
proposed rule contains information collection requirements (ICRs) that
are subject to review by OMB. A description of these provisions is
given in the following paragraphs with an estimate of the annual
burden, summarized in Table 1. In order to fairly evaluate whether an
information collection should be approved by OMB, section 3506(c)(2)(A)
of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 requires that we solicit comment
on the following issues:
The need for the information collection and its usefulness
in carrying out the proper functions of our agency.
The accuracy of our estimate of the information collection
burden.
The quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be
collected.
Recommendations to minimize the information collection
burden on the affected public, including automated collection
techniques.
We are soliciting public comment on each of these issues for the
following sections of this proposed rule that contain information
collection requirements (ICRs).
Proposed 45 CFR 147.145(d)(1) would require issuers of student
health insurance coverage to provide notice to enrollees that the
policy does not meet all of the requirements of the Affordable Care
Act. In addition, the proposed regulation would require that the
disclosure must be prominently displayed in clear, conspicuous 14-point
bold type. Additionally, the proposed regulation provides model
language that issuers of student health insurance coverage can use in
order to be in compliance with the notice requirement. The model
language is provided in proposed 45 CFR 147.145(d)(2).
In order to provide the notices, the issuers of student health
insurance coverage will need to review the model language or draft its
own language, incorporate the plan or issuer's name into the model
notice (or a notice that is similar to the model), and print the notice
in any plan or policy documents that are regularly sent to student
enrollees.
This burden estimate encompasses the entire notice process which
includes assembly of the notice. It is estimated that approximately 75
student health insurance coverage issuers will have to provide such
notice.\12\ We estimate that it will take approximately 2 minutes per
student enrollee or approximately 1,000 hours per student health
insurance issuer to prepare and mail the notices to students. Including
hourly wage and printing and mailing costs, we estimate the annual cost
burden will be $40,840 per affected issuer for a total cost of
$3,063,000. In some cases, actual burden per notice (for example,
postage) may be lower because we expect that many issuers will insert
the model language into the existing plan materials that they were
already intending to send to enrollees each year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ This estimate is based on data from the 2009 National
Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Annual Accident and
Health Policy Experience Exhibit and the American Council on
Education (ACE). The 2009 NAIC filings show that there are 58 health
insurance issuers offering student health coverage; however this
data does not include managed care plans in California, and may
include some issuers offering K-12 student accidental health
coverage. In addition, data from the American Council on Education
suggests that there are several smaller plans offering student
health plans.
Table 1--Annual Reporting, Recordkeeping and Disclosure Burden
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Burden per Hourly labor Total labor Total capital/
Regulation section(s) OMB Control No. Respondents Responses response Total annual cost of cost of maintenance Total cost
(hours) burden (hours) reporting ($) reporting ($) costs ($) ($)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 147.145.......................... 0938-New.................. 75 2,250,000 .0333 75,000 26.14 3,063,000 0 3,063,000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total............................... .......................... 75 2,250,000 .............. 75,000 .............. .............. ............... 3,063,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 7775]]
If you comment on this information collection requirement, please
do either of the following:
1. Submit your comments electronically as specified in the
ADDRESSES section of this proposed rule; or
2. Submit your comments to the Office of Information and Regulatory
Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Attention: CMS Desk Office,
9998-IFC. Fax: (202) 395-6974; or E-mail: [email protected].
IV. Response to Comments
Because of the large number of public comments we normally receive
on Federal Register documents, we are not able to acknowledge or
respond to them individually. We will consider all comments we receive
by the date and time specified in the DATES section of this preamble,
and, when we proceed with a subsequent document, we will respond to the
comments in the preamble to that document.
V. Regulatory Impact Analysis
In accordance with the provisions of Executive Order 12866, this
regulation was reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget.
A. Summary
As stated earlier in this preamble, this proposed regulation is
designed to address several issues that have arisen regarding the
applicability of the Affordable Care Act to student health insurance
coverage, including how this coverage is categorized under the PHS Act.
Specifically, the provisions in this proposed regulation clarify which
protections of the PHS Act and the Affordable Care Act would apply to
student health insurance coverage, and to what extent students and
their dependents enrolled in these plans would have the benefit of
these consumer protection provisions. This proposed rule would define
student health insurance coverage as a type of individual health
insurance coverage and specify certain PHS Act and Affordable Care Act
requirements as inapplicable to this type of individual health
insurance coverage. These provisions are generally effective for
student health insurance policy years beginning on or after January 1,
2012.
The Department has proposed this regulation to implement the
protections intended by Congress in the most economically efficient
manner possible. We have examined the effects of this rule as required
by Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, September 1993, Regulatory
Planning and Review), the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (September
19, 1980, Pub. L. 96-354), section 1102(b) of the Social Security Act,
the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4), Executive
Order 13132 on Federalism, and the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C.
804(2)). In accordance with OMB Circular A-4, the Department has
quantified the benefits, costs and transfers where possible, and has
also provided a qualitative discussion of some of the benefits, costs
and transfers that may stem from this proposed regulation.
B. Executive Orders 13563 and 12866
Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735) directs agencies to assess all
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public
health and safety effects; distributive impacts; and equity). Executive
Order 13563 (76 FR 3821, issued on January 21, 2011) is supplemental to
and reaffirms the principles, structures, and definitions governing
regulatory review as established in Executive Order 12866.
Section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866 defines a ``significant
regulatory action'' as an action that is likely to result in a proposed
rule: (1) Having an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or
more in any one year, or adversely and materially affecting a sector of
the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local or Tribal governments or communities
(also referred to as ``economically significant''); (2) creating a
serious inconsistency or otherwise interfering with an action taken or
planned by another agency; (3) materially altering the budgetary
impacts of entitlement grants, user fees, or loan programs or the
rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or (4) raising novel
legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's
priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive Order.
A regulatory impact analysis (RIA) must be prepared for major rules
with economically significant effects ($100 million or more in any 1
year), and a ``significant'' regulatory action is subject to review by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
As discussed below, we have concluded that this proposed rule would
likely not have economic impacts of $100 million or more in any one
year or otherwise meet the definition of an ``economically significant
rule'' under Executive Order 12866. Nevertheless, the Department has
opted to provide an assessment of the potential costs, benefits, and
transfers associated with this proposed regulation. This assessment is
based primarily on the estimated administrative costs to issuers
associated with providing the required notifications to student health
plan enrollees. As discussed below, we believe that this proposed rule
will have a minimal effect on premiums. The Department invites comments
on this issue.
1. Need for Regulatory Action
In order to address several issues that have arisen regarding the
applicability of the Affordable Care Act to student health insurance
coverage, including how this coverage is categorized under the PHS Act,
this proposed rule proposes that student health insurance coverage will
be defined as a type of individual health insurance coverage and, with
the exception of certain specific provisions, be subject to the
individual market requirements of the PHS Act and the Affordable Care
Act. As discussed elsewhere in the preamble, in clarifying the general
applicability of the PHS Act and the Affordable Care Act to student
health insurance coverage, this proposed regulation would also specify
that a limited number of requirements of the PHS Act and the Affordable
Care Act are inapplicable to student health insurance coverage. Section
1560(c) of the Affordable Care Act provides that ``[N]othing in this
title (or an amendment made by this title) shall be construed to
prohibit an institution of higher education (as such term is defined
for purposes of the Higher Education Act of 1965) from offering a
student health insurance plan, to the extent that such requirement is
otherwise permitted under applicable Federal, State, or local law.''
The Department interprets this provision of the Affordable Care Act to
mean that if particular requirements added by the Affordable Care Act
would, as a practical matter, have the effect of prohibiting an
institution of higher education from offering a student health plan
otherwise permitted under Federal, State or local law, such
requirements would be inapplicable pursuant to the rule of construction
in section 1560(c). As discussed elsewhere in the preamble, based on
factual information provided by stakeholders representing colleges and
universities and students, the Department has determined that if
insurance meeting the definition of student health insurance coverage
were required to comply with all of the market reform provisions of the
[[Page 7776]]
Affordable Care Act, this would be the functional equivalent of
``prohibiting'' the educational institutions from making such coverage
available to students. This proposed rule specifies that the
requirements of the PHS Act relating to guaranteed availability and
guaranteed renewability would be inapplicable to student health
insurance coverage; would clarify that student administrative health
fees are not cost-sharing requirements under section 2713 of the PHS
Act; and would provide for a transition period for issuers of student
health insurance coverage to comply with the restricted annual dollar
limits requirements under the Affordable Care Act. The Department
believes that the clarifications that are included in this proposed
rule are necessary to facilitate the offering of student health
insurance plans, consistent with the requirements of Section 1560(c) of
the Affordable Care Act.
2. Summary of Impacts
In accordance with OMB Circular A-4, Table V.1 below depicts an
accounting statement summarizing the Department's assessment of the
benefits, costs, and transfers associated with this regulatory action.
The Department has limited the period covered by the regulatory impact
analysis (RIA) to 2012-2013. Estimates are not provided for subsequent
years because there will be significant changes in the marketplace in
2014 related to the offering of new individual and small group plans
through the health insurance Exchanges. Additionally, because this
proposed regulation would clarify that student health insurance
coverage is and has been subject to the provisions in the Affordable
Care Act, including how these plans are categorized under the PHS Act,
the RIA does not estimate the overall effect of imposing the Affordable
Care Act provisions on these plans. Instead, the RIA focuses on the one
proposed modification to the applicability of individual market
requirements that would have a potential impact during the years 2011-
2013. That is, providing for a transition period for issuers of student
health insurance coverage to comply with the restricted annual dollar
limits requirements of section 2711 of the PHS Act. This modification
is designed to facilitate the offering of student health insurance
plans, consistent with the requirements of section 1560(c) of the
Affordable Care Act.
The Department anticipates that the provisions of this proposed
rule will help institutions of higher education to maintain the
offering of student health insurance coverage by clarifying the
inapplicability of certain requirements of the PHS Act and Affordable
Care Act that would prohibit the offering of such coverage. In
accordance with Executive Order 12866, the Department believes that the
benefits of this regulatory action justify the costs.
Table V.1--Accounting Table
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Qualitative:
* Continued coverage, access to preventive services, and continuity of care for students.
* Increased transparency relating to benefits offered in student health insurance coverage.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Costs and Transfers: Estimate Year dollar Discont rate Period covered
percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualized Monetized ($ millions/year).. 3.1 2011 7 2012-2013
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 2011 3 2012-2013
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual costs related to providing notifications to enrollees.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Qualitative:
* Reduced rate of premium growth for student health insurance coverage from 2011 through 2013 than would have
occurred under immediate compliance with the restricted annual dollar limit requirements.
* Increased out-of-pocket costs for a small number of enrollees.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Estimated Number of Affected Entities
Comprehensive sources of data concerning the number of persons
covered by student health insurance plans and the benefit structure of
those plans are not readily available. Additionally, available survey
data do not adequately capture this population due to small sample
sizes and the difficulty of differentiating student health plans from
other individual coverage. However, we were able to develop some
estimates based on a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report and
data provided by the American Council on Education (ACE).
a. Estimated Number of Plans Offering Student Health Insurance Coverage
There were 4,409 degree-granting institutions in 2009, including
two-year and four-year institutions.\13\ The GAO found that 57 percent
of colleges and universities offered student insurance plans in 2007-
08,\14\ suggesting that approximately 2,500 colleges and universities
offered such an insurance plan. According to industry sources,
approximately 1,500 to 2,000 institutions offer student health plans,
and the vast majority of these plans are insured (rather than self-
insured) plans.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics. (2010). Digest of Education Statistics, 2009 Table 265.
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d09/tables/dt09_265.asp.
\14\ Government Accountability Office, ``Health Insurance: Most
College Students Are Covered through Employer-Sponsored Plans, and
Some Colleges and States Are Taking Steps to Increase Coverage,''
March 2008, GAO-08-389, p. 17.
\15\ It is estimated that approximately 200,000 students (less
than 1% of the market) are enrolled in coverage offered through
self-funded health plans. As discussed earlier in the preamble,
these self-funded student plans are not subject to the requirements
of the PHS Act because they are neither health insurance coverage
nor group health plans, as those terms are defined in the PHS Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In a survey of colleges with student health plans, GAO found that
all but 4 percent established some maximum benefit amount during the
2007-08 academic year. Most (68 percent of plans) defined the maximum
in terms of per condition per lifetime. Approximately 24 percent of the
plans
[[Page 7777]]
defined an annual limit (including plans with a per year or per-
condition-per-year limit).\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ Government Accountability Office, March 2008, pp. 24, 27.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additionally, as discussed earlier in the Collection of Information
Requirements section, the Department estimates that there are
approximately 75 health insurance issuers that offer student health
insurance coverage that is provided to eligible students and their
dependents through written agreements that are negotiated with the
abovementioned colleges and universities that offer such coverage.
b. Estimated Number of Individuals Enrolled in Student Health Insurance
Coverage
The GAO has estimated the percentage of college students aged 18
through 23 years old who are insured through nonemployer-sponsored
private health insurance programs, including student health insurance
programs. GAO found that 7 percent of college students aged 18 through
23 were covered by nonemployer-sponsored private health insurance
programs, including student health insurance programs.\17\ However,
almost one-half of all college students are not in this age group.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ Government Accountability Office, March 2008, p. 10.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The National Center for Education statistics (NCES) has projected
that there will be 19.0 million college students in 2012, approximately
one-half of whom will be in the 18-23 age range.\18\ Based on the
previous GAO findings, a reasonable estimate of the total number of
persons with student health insurance is approximately 1.3 million
(approximately 7 percent of the estimated 19.0 million total college
students). A separate source of information estimates that the five
largest carriers offering student health insurance account for
approximately 1.2 to 1.5 million enrollees; in addition, industry
sources estimate that approximately 200,000 students are covered
through student health plan arrangements that are self-funded through
colleges and universities, and a relatively small number by insurers
beyond the five largest carriers.\19\ By comparison, 2009 data from the
National Association of Insurance Commissioners' (NAIC) Accident and
Health (A&H) Policy Experience Exhibit suggest that health insurance
issuers offered college student policies with approximately 1.1 million
enrollees (based on estimated member years, including dependents).\20\
There is clearly some uncertainty about the number of people enrolled
in student health insurance coverage, but it appears likely that there
are between 1.1 million and 1.5 million enrollees.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics. (2009), Digest of Education Statistics, 2008, Table 190.
http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=98.
\19\ Based on information compiled by the American Council on
Education, primarily from the American College Health Association
and the health insurance industry, September 2010.
\20\ This represents data for 32 health insurance issuers (e.g.,
licensed entities with unique NAIC company codes) that reported
earned premiums and enrollment for student business in the
individual or group markets on the NAIC Accident & Health (A&H)
Policy Experience Exhibit for 2009, and excludes experience for
companies regulated by the California Department of Managed Health
Care. These issuers represent a subset of the 58 total issuers who
reported any kind of student business on the NAIC A&H Policy
Experience Exhibit for that year. The Department estimates that 16
issuers whose average premium per enrollee was approximately $200 or
less were primarily reporting data for K-12 student accidental
health coverage, which is not subject to the provisions of this
rule. The Department also excluded 10 issuers that did not report
valid premium and/or enrollment data for student business from this
analysis. In cases where data for member years were unavailable for
certain issuers, the Department used data that were reported for
covered lives or number of policies/certificates as a proxy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table V.2 presents the estimated distribution of persons covered by
student health insurance according to the annual limits of their
policies, based on two different data sources. Regardless of which data
source is used, the estimated number of students affected by this
regulation is small. The first data source represents the distribution
of annual limits in the individual market, as presented in Table 3.3 of
the interim final regulation relating to section 2711 of the Affordable
Care Act, regarding lifetime and annual dollar limits on benefits (75
FR 37188 (June 28, 2010)). Because that table did not use the annual
limits thresholds relevant to this regulation, the estimated number of
persons in each cell was prorated. Because the Affordable Care Act
prohibits group health plans and health insurance issuers offering
group or individual health insurance coverage from establishing
lifetime limits on the dollar value of essential benefits, for purposes
of this analysis we assume that the plans with such limits (for
example, 71.9 percent of the 199 plans in the GAO survey) have no
annual limit. Another 4.0 percent of plans have had no limit of any
type. Of the plans (13.6 percent) with per-condition-per-year limits,
none had limits exceeding $100,000. The distribution of the remaining
10.6 percent of plans was estimated based on three statistics reported
in the GAO report.\21\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ These four percentages do not sum to 100 due to rounding.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The second data source represents the findings from the 2008 GAO
report. According to the GAO's analysis, only 24 percent of student
health plans had an annual limit of any sort. Although the GAO found
that most student health insurance coverage included other forms of
maximum benefits during the 2007-2008 academic year (for example, per
condition per lifetime), such limits are prohibited under current law
and hence are not relevant to this analysis.
The GAO estimate suggests that approximately 300,000 students would
potentially be affected by the proposal in this regulation to allow
student health insurance coverage to have annual dollar limits lower
than the $750,000 that would be required in the absence of this rule.
Table V.2--Estimated Number of Persons With Student Health Insurance Coverage Subjected to Annual Limits, by
Data Source
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HHS estimated distribution for all GAO distribution for student
plans offered in the individual health plans with annual limits,
market 2007-2008
Annual limit -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Number (in Number (in
Percent thousands) Percent thousands)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less Than $100,000...................... 0.2 3 21.6 281
$100,000-$749,999....................... 2.2 29 2.5 33
$750,000-$1,999,999..................... 12.8 166 0.0 0
$2,000,000 or Higher.................... 84.8 1,102 75.9 986
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 7778]]
Total............................... 100.0 1,300 100.0 1,300
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: The estimated number of persons in each cell has been prorated.
Sources: The HHS distribution was derived from HHS, 75 FR 37188, Table 3.3; the GAO distribution was derived
from GAO, March 2008, GAO-08-389, pp. 24, 27.
Given that provisions of this proposed regulation would be
applicable for policy years beginning on or after January 1, 2012, and
assuming that most students enrolling in student health insurance
coverage do so at the beginning of the fall semester, we believe that
this proposed regulation is not likely to impact a significant number
of students until late summer of 2012, at which point approximately
280,000 enrollees will see their annual limits increase to no less than
$100,000 on essential benefits (for student health insurance coverage
policy years beginning on or after January 1, 2012, but before
September 23, 2012), according to the GAO-based results.
Because this proposed regulation includes a phased transition to
the restricted annual dollar limits thresholds that are required under
the Affordable Care Act, some students that would have otherwise
experienced increases in their annual dollar limits for policy years
beginning before September 23, 2012 under current law will not
experience those increases. This includes an estimated 33,000 persons
with coverage offering annual limits between $100,000 and $749,999.
Additionally, in the late summer of 2013, an estimated 314,000 persons
enrolled in coverage with annual dollar limits below $2,000,000 will
experience an increase in their annual dollar limits (to no less than
$2,000,000 for essential health benefits, consistent with the
Affordable Care Act requirement for policy years beginning on or after
September 23, 2012). Consistent with the provisions of the Affordable
Care Act, no nongrandfathered student health insurance coverage will be
allowed to have annual dollar limits for policy years beginning on or
after January 1, 2014.
4. Anticipated Benefits, Costs and Transfers
As discussed earlier, because this proposed regulation is
clarifying that student health insurance coverage policies are and have
been subject to the provisions in the Affordable Care Act, the RIA does
not estimate the overall effect of imposing the Affordable Care Act
provisions on these plans. Therefore, the discussion of anticipated
benefits, costs and transfers focuses on the impacts associated with
the clarification in this proposed rule that a limited number of
requirements of the PHS Act and the Affordable Care Act are
inapplicable to student health insurance coverage, in order to
facilitate the offering of student health insurance plans, consistent
with the requirements of section 1560(c) of the Affordable Care Act.
a. Benefits
The proposed regulation defines student health insurance coverage
as a type of individual health insurance coverage and specifies certain
PHS Act and Affordable Care Act requirements as inapplicable to this
type of individual health insurance coverage. One such provision of
this regulation is to provide for a transition period for issuers of
student health insurance coverage to comply with the restricted annual
dollar limits requirements under the Affordable Care Act. For example,
student health insurance coverage will be allowed to impose an annual
dollar limit of no less than $100,000 on essential health benefits for
policy years beginning on or after January 1, 2012, but prior to
September 23, 2012. While we cannot quantify them at this time, we
believe there would be economic benefits to this rule resulting from
improved coverage and access to health services for students because in
the absence of the provisions in this proposed regulation, it is likely
that there may have been some reductions in student health insurance
availability--for example, due to the higher restricted annual dollar
limits that otherwise would have applied in these years.
One rationale for the provision of a transition period for issuers
of student health insurance coverage to comply with the restricted
annual dollar limits requirements is that many student plans currently
have annual limits substantially lower than the $1.25 million
requirement that will be in effect for plan years beginning on or after
September 23, 2011. Concerns have been expressed that some institutions
of higher education would not be able to offer student health insurance
coverage if the annual dollar limits were immediately to increase by
those amounts. While some students will have access to dependent
coverage through their parents' health insurance plans up to age 26,
this may not be an option for older students and students whose parents
do not have coverage.\22\ In the absence of the provisions of this
proposed rule, it is likely that some affected students would not be
able to find affordable alternative coverage and become uninsured. To
the extent that the transition period for issuers of student health
insurance coverage to comply with the annual dollar limits requirements
results in these institutions of higher education continuing to offer
coverage, there would be benefits in terms of maintaining student
health. Students who would otherwise might have been uninsured will
have continued coverage, access to preventive services and be able to
continue care plans for acute and chronic illnesses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ Andrews, Michelle, ``Health-Care Overhaul Offers Insurance
Benefits to Young Adults,'' The Washington Post, May 25, 2010,
accessed at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/24/AR2010052403141.html.
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Several other provisions in this proposed rule will also help
colleges and universities to continue offering student health insurance
coverage by maintaining current industry practices--including the
clarifications relating to the inapplicability of the guaranteed
availability and renewability requirements in the PHS Act before 2014
(in order to allow student health insurance coverage to be limited to
eligible students and their dependents), and the clarification that
student administrative health fees are not cost-sharing requirements
under Section 2713 of the PHS Act. Additionally, the notice
requirements in this proposed
[[Page 7779]]
regulation will provide increased transparency relating to the benefits
that are offered in student health insurance coverage. This will assist
students in making the best selection among their available coverage
options.
b. Costs and Transfers
In addition to maintaining coverage as described above, the
transition period for issuers of student health insurance coverage to
comply with the restricted annual dollar limits requirements will
likely result in a somewhat reduced rate of premium growth for student
health insurance coverage from 2011 through 2013 than would have
occurred if the higher annual dollar limits were required for these
years. As discussed earlier in the preamble, for plan years beginning
after September 23, 2011, the minimum annual limit under the Affordable
Care Act is $1.25 million. This level is so much higher than many of
the current annual dollar limits that if applied immediately to student
health insurance coverage benefit designs, it could require large
premium increases that would effectively ``prohibit an institution of
higher education[hellip] from offering a student health insurance
plan.''
At the same time, a small number of student enrollees are likely to
face increased out-of-pocket costs than they would have faced if there
were no transition period for issuers of student health insurance
coverage to comply with the restricted annual dollar limits. Thus,
there is a small transfer from this group which would have had higher
out-of-pocket costs to the population of students purchasing student
plans through lower premiums.
There may also be some costs associated with the provisions in this
proposed rule. Those adversely affected by the higher out-of-pocket
costs may seek less care than they would have under higher annual
dollar limits.
Finally, the Department estimates that there will be some
administrative costs to issuers associated with the notice
requirements. As discussed in the Collection of Information
Requirements section, we estimate that approximately 75 student health
plan health insurance issuers will have to provide notices to students
and any dependents indicating that the coverage does not meet all of
the requirements of the Affordable Care Act. We estimate that it will
take approximately 2 minutes per student enrollee or approximately
1,000 hours per student health plan insurance issuer to prepare and
mail the notices to student enrollees. Including hourly wage and
printing and mailing costs, we estimate the annual cost burden will be
$40,840 per affected issuer, for a total cost of $3,063,000. We believe
that these cost estimates are conservative, as some issuers are likely
to insert the model notice language into the existing plan documents
that they distribute to their enrollees, thus reducing their estimated
costs.
C. Regulatory Alternatives
Under the Executive Order, HHS is required to consider alternatives
to issuing regulations and alternative regulatory approaches. HHS
considered the two regulatory alternatives below.
1. Require Student Health Insurance Coverage To Be Offered Through a
Bona Fide Association
HHS considered requiring student health insurance coverage to meet
the definition of a bona fide association, as that term is defined at
45 CFR 144.103, in order to be exempt from guaranteed availability and
guaranteed renewability requirements under current law provisions
before 2014. This approach would have required issuers of student
health insurance coverage to comply with all of the individual market
requirements of the PHS Act and the Affordable Care Act except for
guaranteed availability and guaranteed renewability. However, the
approach would have been cost-prohibitive on some institutions of
higher education, causing them to drop coverage since student health
insurance coverage today rarely is offered through associations (that
is, student associations). In addition, associations affiliated with
newly-established institutions of higher education would have been
unable to satisfy the requirement that a bona fide association be in
existence for five years.
2. Change the Definition of Short-Term Limited Duration Coverage
HHS also considered modifying the definition of short-term limited-
duration insurance in 45 CFR 144.103 to make it more difficult for
student health insurance coverage to qualify as such (for example,
shorten the time limit from 12 months to 6 months). However, this
change would have had broader implications for the health insurance
market and not only for coverage offered by institutions of higher
education because there are currently health insurance policies being
offered in the general market that meet the current definition of
short-term limited duration insurance. As indicated earlier, these
products serve as stop-gap coverage for individuals who need health
coverage for short periods of time. To change the definition of short-
term limited duration insurance would have implications for this type
of coverage.
HHS believes that the option adopted for this proposed rule
(defining student health insurance coverage as individual health
insurance coverage and limiting the applicability of the PHS Act and
the Affordable Care Act through its authority under Affordable Care Act
section 1560(c)) strikes the best balance of extending certain
protections of the Affordable Care Act to students and their dependents
enrolled in the student health insurance plans while preserving the
availability and affordability of such coverage.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) requires agencies that issue a
regulation to analyze options for regulatory relief of small businesses
if a proposed rule has a significant impact on a substantial number of
small entities. The RFA generally defines a ``small entity'' as (1) a
proprietary firm meeting the size standards of the Small Business
Administration (SBA), (2) a nonprofit organization that is not dominant
in its field, or (3) a small government jurisdiction with a population
of less than 50,000 (States and individuals are not included in the
definition of ``small entity''). HHS uses as its measure of significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities a change in
revenues of more than 3 to 5 percent.
The RFA requires agencies to analyze options for regulatory relief
of small businesses, if a proposed rule has a significant impact on a
substantial number of small entities. For purposes of the RFA, small
entities include small businesses, nonprofit organizations, and small
government jurisdictions. Small businesses are those with sizes below
thresholds established by the Small Business Administration (SBA).
As discussed in the Web Portal interim final rule (75 FR 24481),
HHS examined the health insurance industry in depth in the Regulatory
Impact Analysis we prepared for the proposed rule on establishment of
the Medicare Advantage program (69 FR 46866, August 3, 2004). In that
analysis we determined that there were few if any insurance firms
underwriting comprehensive health insurance policies (in contrast, for
example, to travel insurance policies or dental discount policies) that
fell below the size thresholds for ``small'' business established by
the SBA (currently $7 million in annual receipts for health insurers,
based on North American
[[Page 7780]]
Industry Classification System Code 524114).\23\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ ``Table of Size Standards Matched To North American
Industry Classification System Codes,'' effective November 5, 2010,
U.S. Small Business Administration, available at http://www.sba.gov.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additionally, as discussed in the Medical Loss Ratio interim final
rule (75 FR 74918), the Department used a data set created from 2009
National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Health and Life
Blank annual financial statement data to develop an updated estimate of
the number of small entities that offer comprehensive major medical
coverage in the individual and group markets. For purposes of that
analysis, the Department used total Accident and Health (A&H) earned
premiums as a proxy for annual receipts. The Department estimated that
there were 28 small entities with less than $7 million in A&H earned
premiums offering individual or group comprehensive major medical
coverage; however, this estimate may overstate the actual number of
small health insurance issuers offering such coverage, since it does
not include receipts from these companies' other lines of business.
As discussed earlier in this regulatory impact analysis,
comprehensive sources of data concerning the student health insurance
market are not readily available. However, for purposes of this
regulatory flexibility analysis, the Department has used data for
issuers who reported offering student coverage on the 2009 NAIC A&H
Policy Experience exhibit as a proxy for estimating the potential
number of small issuers that could be affected by the provisions in
this proposed rule. Based on these data, the Department estimates that
there are 4 small entities with less than $7 million in A&H earned
premiums that offer student health insurance coverage that is the
subject of this proposed regulation. These small entities account for
13 percent of the estimated 32 total issuers who reported offering such
coverage.\24\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ As discussed earlier in this regulatory impact analysis,
these 32 health insurance issuers are licensed entities with unique
NAIC company codes that reported earned premiums and enrollment for
student business in the individual and group markets on the NAIC
Accident & Health Policy Experience Exhibit in 2009, and exclude
experience for companies regulated by the California Department of
Managed Health Care. This represents a subset of the 58 total
issuers who reported any kind of student business on the NAIC A&H
Policy Experience Exhibit for that year (including some that the
Department estimates are primarily offering K-12 student accident
health coverage that is not subject to the provisions of this
proposed regulation).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Department estimates that 100 percent of these small issuers
are subsidiaries of larger carriers, and 100 percent also offer other
types of A&H coverage. On average, the Department estimates that
student health insurance coverage in the group market accounts for
approximately 29 percent of total A&H earned premiums for these small
issuers. Additionally, the Department estimates that the annual cost
burden for these small entities relating to the notice requirements in
this proposed rule will be $40,840 per issuer (accounting for 2.3
percent of their total A&H earned premiums). As discussed earlier, the
Department believes that these estimates overstate the number of small
entities that will be affected by the requirements in this proposed
regulation, as well as the relative impact of these requirements on
these entities because the Department has based its analysis on
issuers' total A&H earned premiums (rather than their total annual
receipts). Therefore, the Secretary certifies that this proposed rule
will not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small
entities.
In addition, section 1102(b) of the Social Security Act requires us
to prepare a regulatory impact analysis if a proposed rule may have a
significant economic impact on the operations of a substantial number
of small rural hospitals. This analysis must conform to the provisions
of section 604 of the RFA. This notice of proposed rulemaking would not
affect small rural hospitals. Therefore, the Secretary has determined
that this proposed rule would not have a significant impact on the
operations of a substantial number of small rural hospitals.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) of 1995
requires that agencies assess anticipated costs and benefits before
issuing any proposed rule that includes a Federal mandate that could
result in expenditure in any one year by State, local or Tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100
million in 1995 dollars, updated annually for inflation. In 2011, that
threshold level is approximately $136 million.
UMRA does not address the total cost of a proposed rule. Rather, it
focuses on certain categories of cost, mainly those ``Federal mandate''
costs resulting from: (1) Imposing enforceable duties on State, local,
or Tribal governments, or on the private sector; or (2) increasing the
stringency of conditions in, or decreasing the funding of, State,
local, or Tribal governments under entitlement programs.
This proposed rule includes no mandates on State, local, or Tribal
governments. Under the proposed rule, issuers will be required to
provide important Affordable Care Act and PHS Act protections for
students enrolled in student health insurance coverage. Further, the
estimated annual costs associated with the provisions of this proposed
rule are approximately $40,840 per affected entity (or approximately
$3,063,000 per year across all affected entities). Thus, this proposed
regulation does not impose an unfunded mandate on State, local or
Tribal governments or the private sector. However, consistent with
policy embodied in UMRA, this notice for proposed rulemaking has been
designed to be the least burdensome alternative for State, local and
Tribal governments, and the private sector while achieving the
objectives of the Affordable Care Act.
F. Federalism
Executive Order 13132 establishes certain requirements that an
agency must meet when it promulgates a proposed rule (and subsequent
final rule) that imposes substantial direct requirement costs on State
and local governments, preempts State law, or otherwise has Federalism
implications. In HHS' view, while the requirements proposed in this
notice for proposed rulemaking would not impose substantial direct
costs on State and local governments, this notice for proposed
rulemaking has federalism implications due to direct effects on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the State and Federal
governments relating to the regulation of student health insurance
coverage.
As discussed earlier in the preamble, some States do not regulate
student health insurance as individual health insurance coverage, but
rather as a type of association ``blanket coverage'' or as non-employer
group coverage. Under this proposed regulation, student health
insurance coverage will be defined as a type of individual health
insurance coverage, and will therefore be subject to the individual
market requirements of the PHS Act and the Affordable Care Act, with
the exception of certain specific provisions that are identified in the
proposed rule. States would continue to apply State law requirements
regarding student health insurance coverage. However, if any State law
or requirement prevents the application of a Federal standard, then
that particular State law or requirement would be preempted.
Additionally, State requirements that are more stringent than the
Federal requirements would be consistent with the
[[Page 7781]]
requirements under this proposed rule. Accordingly, States have
significant latitude to impose requirements with respect to student
health insurance coverage that are more restrictive than the Federal
law.
In compliance with the requirement of Executive Order 13132 that
agencies examine closely any policies that may have federalism
implications or limit the policy making discretion of the States, HHS
has engaged in efforts to consult with and work cooperatively with
affected States, including consulting with State insurance officials on
an individual basis.
Throughout the process of developing this notice of proposed
rulemaking, HHS has attempted to balance the States' interests in
regulating health insurance issuers, and Congress' intent to provide
uniform protections to consumers in every State. By doing so, it is
HHS' view that it has complied with the requirements of Executive Order
13132. Under the requirements set forth in section 8(a) of Executive
Order 13132, and by the signatures affixed to this regulation, HHS
certifies that the CMS Center for Consumer Information and Insurance
Oversight has complied with the requirements of Executive Order 13132
for the attached notice for proposed rulemaking in a meaningful and
timely manner.
G. Congressional Review Act
This proposed regulation is subject to the Congressional Review Act
provisions of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of
1996 (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), which specifies that before a rule can
take effect, the Federal agency promulgating the rule shall submit to
each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General a report
containing a copy of the rule along with other specified information,
and has been transmitted to Congress and the Comptroller General for
review.
List of Subjects
45 CFR Part 144
Health care, Health insurance, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
45 CFR Part 147
Health care, Health insurance, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, and State regulation of health insurance.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Department of Health
and Human Services proposes to amend 45 CFR chapter I as set forth
below:
PART 144--REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE
1. The authority citation for part 144 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: Secs. 2701 through 2763, 2791, and 2792 of the
Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg through 300gg-63, 300gg-
91, and 300gg-92), as amended.
2. Section 144.103 is amended by--
a. Revising the introductory text.
b. Adding the definition of ``Student Health Insurance Coverage''
in alphabetical order.
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Sec. 144.103 Definitions.
For purposes of parts 146 (group market), 147 (health reform
requirements for the group and individual markets), 148 (individual
markets), and 150 (enforcement) of this subchapter, the following
definitions apply unless otherwise provided:
* * * * *
Student Health Insurance Coverage has the meaning given the term in
Sec. 147.145.
PART 147--HEALTH INSURANCE REFORM REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GROUP AND
INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INSURANCE MARKETS
3. The authority citation for part 147 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: Secs. 2701 through 2763, 2791, and 2792 of the
Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg through 300gg-63, 300gg-
91, and 300gg-92), as amended.
4. A new Sec. 147.145 is added to subchapter B to read as follows:
Sec. 147.145 Student Health Insurance Coverage.
(a) Definition. Student Health Insurance Coverage is a type of
individual health insurance coverage (as defined in Sec. 144.103) that
is provided pursuant to a written agreement between an institution of
higher education (as defined in the Higher Education Act of 1965) and a
health insurance issuer, and provided to students enrolled in that
institution of higher education and their dependents, that meets the
following conditions:
(1) Does not make health insurance coverage available other than in
connection with enrollment as a student (or as a dependent of a
student) in the institution of higher education.
(2) Does not condition eligibility for the health insurance
coverage on any health status-related factor (as defined in Sec.
146.121(a)) relating to a student (or a dependent of a student).
(3) Meets any additional requirement that may be imposed under
State law.
(b) Exemptions from the Public Health Service Act.
(1) Guaranteed Availability and Guaranteed Renewability. For
purposes of section 2741(e)(1) and 2742(b)(5) of the Public Health
Service Act, Student Health Insurance Coverage as defined in paragraph
(a) of this section is construed to be available only through a bona
fide association.
(2) Annual Limits. (i) Notwithstanding the annual dollar limits
requirements of Sec. 147.126, for policy years beginning before
September 23, 2012, a health insurance issuer offering student health
insurance coverage as defined in paragraph (a) of this section may not
establish an annual dollar limit on essential health benefits that is
lower than $100,000.
(ii) For policy years beginning on or after September 23, 2012, a
health insurance issuer offering student health insurance coverage must
comply with the annual dollar limits requirements in Sec. 147.126.
(c) Student Administrative Health Fees. (1) Definition. A student
administrative health fee is a fee charged by the institution of higher
education on a periodic basis to students of the institution of higher
education to offset the cost of providing healthcare through health
clinics regardless of whether the students utilize the health clinics
or enroll in student health insurance coverage.
(2) Preventive Services. Notwithstanding the requirements under
2713 of the PHS Act and its implementing regulations, student
administrative health fees as defined in paragraph (c)(1) of this
section are not considered cost-sharing requirements with respect to
specified recommended preventive services.
(d) Notice--(1) Requirements. (i) A health insurance issuer that
provides student health insurance coverage must provide a notice
informing students that the policy does not meet the requirements
described in paragraph (b) of this section.
(ii) The notice must be prominently displayed in clear, conspicuous
14-point bold type on the front of the insurance policy or certificate
and any other plan materials.
(2) Model language. The following model language, or substantially
similar language, can be used to satisfy the notice requirement of this
paragraph (d)(1): ``Your student health insurance coverage, offered by
[name of health insurance issuer], may not meet the minimum standards
required by title XXVII of the Public Health Service Act.
[[Page 7782]]
Specifically, the coverage will not be renewed when you are no longer
enrolled as a student at [name of institution of higher education]; and
the restrictions on annual dollar limits on your benefits may not be
the same as other types of coverage. For policy years beginning before
September 23, 2012, if a policy for student health insurance coverage
applies a dollar limit on the coverage it provides for key benefits in
a year, that limit must be at least $100,000. Your student health
insurance coverage put an annual limit of: [dollar amount] on [which
covered benefits--notice should describe all annual limits that apply].
If you have any questions or concerns about this notice, contact
[provide contact information for the health insurance issuer].''
(e) Applicability. The provisions of this section apply for policy
years beginning on or after January 1, 2012.
Dated: February 2, 2011.
Donald M. Berwick,
Administrator, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
Approved: February 8, 2011.
Kathleen Sebelius,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2011-3109 Filed 2-9-11; 11:15 am]
BILLING CODE 4120-01-P