[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 49 (Monday, March 14, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Pages 13626-13629]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-5736]
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
[Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0129]
Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection;
Comment Request; Comparing Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior
Among English-Dominant Hispanics, Spanish-Dominant Hispanics, and Other
Consumers
AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Notice.
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SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing an
opportunity for public comment on the proposed collection of certain
information by the Agency. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
(the PRA), Federal Agencies are required to publish notice in the
Federal Register concerning each proposed collection of information and
to allow 60 days for public comment in response to the notice. This
notice solicits comments on a study entitled ``Comparing Nutrition
Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Among English-Dominant Hispanics,
Spanish-dominant Hispanics, and Other Consumers.''
DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments on the collection
of information by May 13, 2011.
ADDRESSES: Submit electronic comments on the collection of information
to http://www.regulations.gov. Submit written comments on the
collection of information to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-
305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061,
Rockville, MD 20852. All comments should be identified with the docket
number found in brackets in the heading of this document.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Denver Presley, Office of Information
Management, Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Dr., PI50-400B,
Rockville, MD 20850, 301-796-3793.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the PRA (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520), Federal
Agencies must obtain approval from the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) for each collection of information they conduct or sponsor.
``Collection of information'' is defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3) and 5 CFR
1320.3(c) and includes Agency requests or requirements that members of
the public submit reports, keep records, or provide information to a
third party. Section 3506(c)(2)(A) of the PRA (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A))
requires Federal Agencies to provide a 60-day notice in the Federal
Register concerning each proposed collection of information before
submitting the collection to OMB for approval. To comply with this
requirement, FDA is publishing notice of the proposed collection of
information set forth in this document.
With respect to the following collection of information, FDA
invites comments on these topics: (1) Whether the proposed collection
of information is necessary for the proper performance of FDA's
functions, including whether the information will have practical
utility; (2) the accuracy of FDA's estimate of the burden of the
proposed collection of information, including the validity of the
methodology and assumptions used; (3) ways to enhance the quality,
utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and (4) ways
to minimize the burden of the collection of information on respondents,
including through the use
[[Page 13627]]
of automated collection techniques, when appropriate, and other forms
of information technology.
Comparing Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Among English-
Dominant Hispanics, Spanish-Dominant Hispanics, and Other Consumers--
(OMB Control Number 0910-NEW)
I. Background
Recent estimates suggest that Hispanics (defined as those who
identify themselves as of Hispanic or Latino origin) are the largest
and fastest growing minority group in the nation; the proportion of the
U.S. population that was Hispanic was 14 percent in 2005 and is
projected to increase to 29 percent in 2050 (Ref. 1).
Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
indicate that, in 2005 and 2006, 34.3 percent and 32.7 percent of the
U.S. adult population are obese and overweight, respectively (Ref. 1).
According to CDC, Hispanics had 21 percent higher obesity prevalence
than Whites in 2008 (Ref. 2). CDC data also indicate variations in
prevalence of obesity among adults of different race-gender groups; for
example, during 2006 through 2008, non-Hispanic Blacks had the greatest
prevalence of obesity (35.7 percent), followed by Hispanics (28.7
percent), and non-Hispanic Whites (23.7 percent); non-Hispanic Black
women had the greatest prevalence (39.2 percent), followed by non-
Hispanic Black men (31.6 percent), Hispanic women (29.4 percent),
Hispanic men (27.8 percent), non-Hispanic White men (25.4 percent), and
non-Hispanic White women (21.8 percent) (Ref. 2).
While some Hispanics living in the United States use the English
language exclusively or more often than Spanish (English-dominant
Hispanics), other U.S. Hispanics predominantly use the Spanish language
in their daily lives (Spanish-dominant Hispanics) (Ref. 4). Since most
U.S. food labels are in English, Spanish-dominant Hispanics'
understanding and use of food labels may differ from that of English-
dominant Hispanics and of non-Hispanics who use English exclusively. In
addition, both English-dominant Hispanics and Spanish-dominant
Hispanics may have different awareness, perceptions, and behaviors than
English-speaking non-Hispanics on issues of health, nutrition, and food
consumption (Refs. 5 through 9).
Existing research suggests that, in addition to language and other
demographic differences, acculturation is an important factor
associated with individual differences in dietary and public health
related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors among Hispanics.
Acculturation is defined as the change in behavior and values by
immigrants when they come in contact with a new group, nation, or
culture (Ref. 10). Immigrants may possess different degrees of
acculturation depending on the time of migration and other factors,
such as the dominant culture of the neighborhoods where they live and
work and type of education received (Refs. 11 and 12). Hence, variation
in the degree of acculturation can lead to differences in lifestyle and
behaviors, including behaviors related to dietary choices and to use
and understanding of nutrition information on food labels, because of
English proficiency and degree of assimilation into the values,
lifestyles, and diets prevalent in this country. The existing research
has shown the influence of acculturation on Hispanics' perceptions,
attitudes, and behaviors relating to public health factors including
dietary practices, nutrition, the health practices of pregnant women,
obesity, coronary heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, alcohol consumption,
and smoking behavior (for example, Refs. 11 and 13 through 22).
FDA needs an understanding of how different population groups
perceive and behave in terms of food label understanding and use,
nutrition, and health to inform possible measures that the Agency may
take to help consumers make informed dietary choices. FDA is aware of
no consumer research on a nationwide level of the impact of language
and acculturation on Hispanics' dietary choices and label use. This
study is intended to provide answers to research questions such as
whether and how much Spanish-dominant Hispanics, English-dominant
Hispanics, and English-speaking non-Hispanics differ in their
knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward food label use, nutrition, and
health among three population groups and the role that demographic and
other factors may play in any differences.
The proposed study will use a Web-based survey to collect
information from 2,400 adult members in online consumer panels
maintained by a contractor. The study plans to randomly select 800
members into each of three groups: Spanish-dominant Hispanics, English-
dominant Hispanics, and English-speaking non-Hispanics. Either an
English or a Spanish questionnaire will be used, as appropriate. The
study plans to include topics such as: (1) Nutrition and health; (2)
use and understanding of food labels and labeling information; (3)
degree of capacity to understand and use health information; and (4)
levels of acculturation among Hispanic respondents as measured by a
Hispanic acculturation scale that is widely used in social science
research (Ref. 23). To help understand the data, the study will also
collect information on participants' background, including, but not
limited to, health status and demographic characteristics, such as age,
gender, education, and income.
The study is part of the Agency's continuing effort to enable
consumers to make informed dietary choices and construct healthful
diets. The results of the study will not be used to develop population
estimates. The results of the study will be used for informing possible
measures that the Agency may take to help consumers make informed
dietary choices.
To help design and refine the questionnaire, we plan to conduct
cognitive interviews by screening 72 adult panelists in order to obtain
9 participants in the interviews. Each screening is expected to take 5
minutes (0.083 hour) and each cognitive interview is expected to take
0.5 hour. The total for cognitive interview activities is 11 hours (6
hours + 5 hours). Subsequently, we plan to conduct two waves of
pretests of the questionnaire before it is administered in the study.
We expect that 960 invitations, each taking 2 minutes (0.033 hour),
will need to be sent to adult members of the online consumer panels to
have 180 of them complete a 15-minute (0.25 hour) pretest. The total
for the pretest activities is 77 hours (32 hours + 45 hours). For the
survey, we estimate that 19,200 invitations, each taking 2 minutes
(0.033 hour) to complete, will need to be sent to adult members of the
online consumer panels to have 2400 of them complete a 15-minute (0.25
hour) questionnaire. The total for the survey activities is 1,234 hours
(634 hours + 600 hours). Thus, the total estimated burden is 1,322
hours. FDA's burden estimate is based on prior experience with research
that is similar to this proposed study.
FDA estimates the burden of this collection of information as
follows:
[[Page 13628]]
Table 1--Estimated Annual Reporting Burden \1\
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Annual
Portion of study Number of frequency per Total annual Hours per Total hours
respondents response responses response
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Cognitive interview screener.... 72 1 72 0.083 6
Cognitive interview............. 9 1 9 0.5 5
Pretest invitation.............. 960 1 960 0.033 32
Pretest......................... 180 1 180 0.25 45
Survey invitation............... 19,200 1 19,200 0.033 634
Survey.......................... 2,400 1 2,400 0.25 600
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Total....................... .............. .............. .............. .............. 1,322
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\1\ There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of
information.
II. References
The following references have been placed on display in the
Division of Dockets Management (see ADDRESSES) and may be seen by
interested persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday.
(FDA has verified the Web site addresses, but is not responsible for
any subsequent changes to the Web site after this document publishes in
the Federal Register.)
1. CDC, ``Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Extreme Obesity
Among Adults: United States, Trends 1976-80 Through 2005-2006,''
available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/overweight/overweight_adult.pdf, December 2008.
2. CDC, ``Differences in Prevalence of Obesity Among Black, White,
and Hispanic Adults--United States, 2006-2008, ``Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, 58(27): 740-744, available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5827a2.htm, July 17, 2009.
3. Passel, J.S. and C. D'Vera, ``U.S. Population Projections: 2005-
2050,'' Pew Research Center, Washington, DC, available at http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/85.pdf, February 11, 2008.
4. CDC, ``Health Disparities Experienced by Hispanics--United
States,'' Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53(40): 935-7,
available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5340a1.htm,
October 15, 2004.
5. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, ``Epidemiologic
Research in Hispanic Populations: Opportunities, Barriers and
Solutions,'' available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/workshops/hispanic.htm, December 3, 2003.
6. Lopez, M.H. and P. Taylor, ``Latinos and the 2010 Census: The
Foreign Born Are Most Positive,'' Pew Research Center, Washington, DC,
available at http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/121.pdf, April 10,
2010.
7. Information Resources, INC., ``Times & Trends: Hispanic
Consumers--Capturing CPG Market Potential,'' available at http://www.symphonyiri.com/portals/0/articlePdfs/TT_April_2008_Hispanic_Consumers.pdf, April 2008.
8. Yang, S., M.G. Leff, D. McTague, et al., ``Multistate
Surveillance for Food-Handling, Preparation, and Consumption Behaviors
Associated With Foodborne Diseases: 1995 and 1996 Behavioral Risk
Factor Surveillance Systems Food-Safety Questions,'' Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, 47(SS-4): 33-54, available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054714.htm, September 11, 1998.
9. Lin, C.-T. J. and S.T. Yen, ``Knowledge of Dietary Fats Among
U.S. Consumers,'' Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(4):
613-8, April 2010.
10. Marin, G., F. Sabogal, B.V. Marin, et al., ``Development of a
Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics,'' Hispanic Journal of
Behavioral Sciences, 9(2): 183-205, 1987.
11. Satia-About, J., R.E. Patterson, M.L. Neuhouser, et al.,
``Dietary Acculturation: Applications to Nutrition Research and
Dietetics,'' Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102(8):
1105-1118, August 2002.
12. Lin, H., O.I. Bermudez, and K.L. Tucker, ``Dietary Patterns of
Hispanic Elders Are Associated With Acculturation and Obesity,''
Journal of Nutrition, 133: 3651-3657, 2003.
13. Otero-Sabogal, R., F. Sabogal, E.J. P[eacute]rez-Stable, et
al., ``Dietary Practices, Alcohol Consumption, and Smoking Behavior:
Ethnic, Sex, and Acculturation Differences,'' Journal of National
Cancer Institute Monograph, 18: 73-82, 1995.
14. Lara, M., C. Gamboa, M.I. Kahramanian, et al., ``Acculturation
and Latino Health in the United States: A Review of the Literature and
Its Sociopolitical Context,'' Annual Review of Public Health 26: 367-
397. 2005.
15. Winkleby, M.A., S.P. Fortmann, and B. Rockhill, ``Health-
Related Risk Factors in a Sample of Hispanics and Whites Matched on
Sociodemographic Characteristics: The Stanford Five-City Project.''
American Journal of Epidemiology, 137(12): 1365-75, June 15, 1993.
16. Byrd, T.L, H. Balcazar, and R.A. Hummer,'' Acculturation and
Breast-Feeding Intention and Practice in Hispanic Women on the U.S.-
Mexico Border,'' Ethnicity & Disease 11(1): 72-79, 2001.
17. Cobas, J.A., H. Balcazar, M.B. Benin, et al., ``Acculturation
and Low-Birthweight Infants Among Latino Women: a Reanalysis of the
Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data With Structural
Equation Models,'' American Journal of Public Health, 86(3): 394-96,
1996.
18. Dixon, L.B., J. Sundquist, and M. Winkleby, ``Differences in
Energy, Nutrient, and Food Intakes in a US Sample of Mexican-American
Women and Men: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey,'' 1988-1994, American Journal of Epidemiology,
152(6): 548-57, 2000.
19. Khan, L.K., J. Sobal, and R. Martorell, ``Acculturation,
Socioeconomic Status, and Obesity in Mexican Americans, Cuban
Americans, and Puerto Ricans,'' International Journal of Obesity,
21(2): 91-96, 1997.
20. Markides, K.S., D.J. Lee, and L.A. Ray, ``Acculturation and
Hypertension in Mexican Americans. Ethnicity & Disease,'' 3:70-74,
1993.
21. Stern, M.P., C. Gonzalez, B.D. Mitchell, et al., ``Genetic and
Environmental Determinants of Type II Diabetes in Mexico City and San
Antonio. Diabetes,'' 41(4): 484-92, 1992.
22. Sundquist, J., and M.A. Winkleby, ``Cardiovascular Risk Factors
in Mexican American Adults: a Transcultural Analysis of National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994,'' American Journal of
Public Health, 89(5): 723-30, 1999.
23. Thomson, M.D., and L. Hoffman-Goetz, ``Defining and Measuring
[[Page 13629]]
Acculturation: A Systematic Review of Public Health Studies With
Hispanic Population in the United States,'' Social Science & Medicine,
69: 983-991, 2009.
Dated: March 4, 2011.
Leslie Kux,
Acting Assistant Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2011-5736 Filed 3-11-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4160-01-P