[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 63 (Friday, April 1, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 18105-18127]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-7437]
[[Page 18105]]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. EERE-2009-BT-TP-0004]
RIN 1904-AB94
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test
Procedures for Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking.
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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE or the Department) proposes
amendments to those it proposed to the DOE test procedures for
residential central air conditioners and heat pumps released in a June
2010 notice of proposed rulemaking (June 2010 NOPR). The proposed
amendments in this supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR)
would change the off-mode laboratory test steps and calculation
algorithm to determine off-mode power consumption for residential
central air conditioners and heat pumps, as well as change the
requirements for selection and metering of the low-voltage transformer
used when testing coil-only residential central air conditioners and
heat pumps. Additionally, the amendments proposed today provide a
method of calculation to determine the energy efficiency ratio (EER)
during cooling mode steady-state tests for use as a regional metric.
Finally, today's notice proposes amendments that would combine the two
seasonal off-mode ratings of P1 and P2 for residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps, as set forth in the June 2010 NOPR, to
yield a single overall rating, PWOFF.
DATES: DOE will accept comments, data, and other information regarding
this supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNOPR) no later than
May 2, 2011. See section 0, ``Public Participation,'' of this SNOPR for
details.
ADDRESSES: Interested parties may submit comments, identified by docket
number EERE-2009-BT-TP-0004 or Regulation Identifier Number (RIN) 1904-
AB94, by any of the following methods:
1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow
the instructions for submitting comments.
2. E-mail: [email protected]. Include the docket
number EERE-2009-BT-TP-0004 and/or RIN 1904-AB94 in the subject line of
the message.
3. Postal Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J, 1000 Independence
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. If possible, please submit all
items on a compact disc (CD), in which case it is not necessary to
include printed copies. Otherwise, please submit one signed paper
original.
4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of
Energy, Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Suite
600, Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. If possible,
please submit all items on a CD, in which case it is not necessary to
include printed copies. Otherwise, please submit one signed paper
original.
Instructions: No telefacsimilies (faxes) will be accepted. All
submissions must include the docket number or RIN for this rulemaking.
For detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process, see section 0, ``Public
Participation,'' of this document.
Docket: The docket is available for review at www.regulations.gov,
including Federal Register notices, framework documents, public meeting
attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials. All documents in the docket are listed in the
http://www.regulations.gov index. However, not all documents listed in
the index may be publicly available, such as information that is exempt
from public disclosure.
A link to the docket Web page can be found at: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/cac_heatpumps_new_rulemaking.html. This Web page will contain a link to
the docket for this notice on the Web site http://www.regulations.gov.
The http://www.regulations.gov Web page will contain simple
instructions on how to access all documents, including public comments,
in the docket. See section 0, ``Public Participation,'' for information
on how to submit comments through regulations.gov.
For further information on how to submit or review public comments
or view hard copies of the docket in the Resource Room, contact Ms.
Brenda Edwards at (202) 586-2945 or e-mail: [email protected].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Wes Anderson, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies Program, EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington,
DC 20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-7335. E-mail:
[email protected].
Ms. Jennifer Tiedeman, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the
General Counsel, GC-71, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC
20585. Telephone: (202) 287-6111. E-mail: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
B. Background
II. Summary of the Proposal
III. Discussion
A. Test Methods and Calculations for Off-Mode Power and Energy
Consumption of Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
B. Selecting the Low-Voltage Transformer Used When Testing Coil-
Only Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps and Required Metering
of Low-Voltage Components During Off-Mode Test(s)
C. Withdrawal of the Proposal To Add the New Regional
Performance Metric SEER Hot-Dry
D. Calculation of the Energy Efficiency Ratio for Cooling Mode
Steady-State Tests
E. Off-Mode Performance Ratings
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
J. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 2001
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Authority and Background
A. Authority
Title III, Part B of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975
(EPCA or the Act), Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309, as
codified), established the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer
Products Other Than Automobiles, a program covering most major
household appliances, including the residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps with rated cooling capacities less than
65,000 British thermal units per hour (Btu/h) that are
[[Page 18106]]
the focus of this notice.\1\ (42 U.S.C. 6291(1)-(2), (21) and
6292(a)(3))
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\1\ For editorial reasons, upon codification in the U.S. Code,
Part B was re-designated Part A.
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Under the Act, this program consists essentially of three parts:
(1) Testing; (2) labeling; and (3) establishing Federal energy
conservation standards. The testing requirements consist of test
procedures that manufacturers of covered products must use as the basis
for certifying to DOE that their products comply with applicable energy
conservation standards adopted pursuant to EPCA and for representing
the efficiency of those products. (42 U.S.C. 6293(c); 42 U.S.C.
6295(s)) Similarly, DOE must use these test procedures in any
enforcement action to determine whether covered products comply with
these energy conservation standards. (42 U.S.C. 6295(s)) Under 42
U.S.C. 6293, EPCA sets forth criteria and procedures for DOE's adoption
and amendment of such test procedures. Specifically, EPCA provides that
``[a]ny test procedures prescribed or amended under this section shall
be reasonably designed to produce test results which measure energy
efficiency, energy use * * * or estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative average use cycle or period of
use, as determined by the Secretary [of Energy], and shall not be
unduly burdensome to conduct.'' (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3)) In addition, if
DOE determines that a test procedure amendment is warranted, it must
publish proposed test procedures and offer the public an opportunity to
present oral and written comments on them. (42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(2))
Finally, in any rulemaking to amend a test procedure, DOE must
determine ``to what extent, if any, the proposed test procedure would
alter the measured energy efficiency * * * of any covered product as
determined under the existing test procedure.'' (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1))
If DOE determines that the amended test procedure would alter the
measured efficiency of a covered product, DOE must amend the applicable
energy conservation standard accordingly. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2)) The
amendments proposed in today's SNOPR will not alter the measured
efficiency, as represented in the regulating metrics of seasonal energy
efficiency ratio (SEER) and heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF)
of residential central air conditioners and heat pumps. Thus, today's
proposed test procedure changes can be adopted without amending the
existing standards. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2))
On December 19, 2007, the President signed the Energy Independence
and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007), Public Law 110-140, which
contains numerous amendments to EPCA. Section 310 of EISA 2007
established that the Department's test procedures for all covered
products must account for standby mode and off-mode energy consumption.
(42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) In addition, section 306(a) of EISA 2007
amended EPCA section 325(o)(6) to consider one or two regional
standards for residential central air conditioners and heat pumps
(among other products) in addition to a base national standard. (42
U.S.C. 6295(o)(6)(B)) Today's SNOPR includes proposals relevant to
these statutory provisions.
DOE's existing test procedures for residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps adopted pursuant to these provisions appear
under Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 430,
subpart B, appendix M (``Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy
Consumption of Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps''). These
procedures establish the currently permitted means for determining
annual energy efficiency and annual energy consumption of these
products.
B. Background
DOE's initial proposals for calculating a regional performance
metric, estimating off-mode energy consumption, and selecting the low-
voltage transformer in the test procedure for residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps were first shared with interested parties
in a notice of proposed rulemaking published in the Federal Register on
June 2, 2010 (June 2010 NOPR) and at a public meeting at DOE
headquarters in Washington, DC on June 11, 2010. 75 FR 31224. Comments
received in response to the June 2010 NOPR, as well as a transcript of
the public meeting are available at http://www.regulations.gov. DOE
received comments from twelve interested parties on or before the
closing date of the June 2010 NOPR public review period, August 16,
2010. These parties raised significant issues and suggested changes to
the test procedure proposals in the 2010 June NOPR, described below.
Based on these comments and laboratory testing conducted by DOE, DOE's
position on these topics has evolved. Today's SNOPR shares DOE's
current position on the test procedure for residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps, and provides interested parties with a
second opportunity to comment.
II. Summary of the Proposal
Today's SNOPR revisits three issues proposed in the June 2010 NOPR:
(1) Test methods and calculations for off-mode power and energy
consumption; (2) the selection and metering of the low-voltage
transformer used when testing coil-only units; and (3) the use of a
regional SEER Hot-Dry metric.\2\ 75 FR 31238-42. Today's SNOPR also
proposes two additional items not covered in the June 2010 NOPR: (1)
Calculation of the EER for use as a regional metric in the proposed
hot-dry region and (2) combination of seasonal off-mode energy
descriptors, P1 and P2, into a single off-mode descriptor, PWOFF.
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\2\ The region specified as hot and dry for which this metric
was proposed NOPR consists of Arizona, California, New Mexico, and
Nevada. These States and the basis for their selection are described
in the technical support document (TSD) prepared as part of the
development of the residential central air conditioner and heat pump
standards rulemaking.
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Regarding the first issue, test methods and calculations for off-
mode power and energy consumption, DOE now proposes to revise the off-
mode laboratory tests and calculation algorithms set forth in the June
2010 NOPR to be more specific to the hardware and controls of the
tested residential central air conditioner or heat pump. For units with
a crankcase heater, DOE now proposes that the specific test and
calculation combination will depend on whether (1) The heater is
applied to a central air conditioner or heat pump; (2) the heater is
fixed output or self-regulating; (3) the heater is thermostatically
controlled or on continuously when the compressor is off; and (4) the
thermostatic control is based on a local measurement that senses the
temperature increase caused by the heater or based on a ``global''
measurement that is not influenced by the heater. For central air
conditioning and heat pump units tested without an indoor blower
installed, and for central air conditioners and heat pumps tested and
rated with a particular furnace or modular blower, DOE proposes steps
to separate out the power that will be reflected in the off-mode
ratings of the furnace or modular blower, thus avoiding miscalculation
of the off-mode energy consumption. Furthermore, DOE proposes to
introduce the seasonal descriptor PWOFF to describe the overall off-
mode rating for residential central air conditioners and heat pumps.
Regarding the requirements proposed in the June 2010 NOPR for
selecting and metering the lab-added, low voltage transformer used when
testing coil-only residential central air conditioners and heat pumps,
75 FR 31238, DOE now
[[Page 18107]]
proposes an additional requirement that the lab-added, low voltage
transformer be a toroidal design. Further, today's proposal calls for
the manufacturer to provide specifications for selecting the lab-added
transformer. If the manufacturer fails to provide specifications for
the low-voltage transformer, a set of default specifications are
provided within the proposed test procedure. DOE also proposes today
that the requirement to measure the power input to the lab-added
transformer, and the low-voltage components that are connected to it,
should apply only during off-mode tests as opposed to during all tests,
as proposed in the June 2010 NOPR. 75 FR 31238. For all other tests on
coil-only units tested using a lab-added transformer, metering the
power consumed by the low voltage components would not be required
under today's proposal.
Today's SNOPR also proposes an addition to the test procedure to
calculate an EER metric for steady-state cooling mode testing. In this
regard, the SNOPR proposes to add testing and calculation steps for
estimating residential central air conditioners and heat pumps' cooling
seasonal performance when applied in the proposed hot-dry region of
Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Nevada. 75 FR 31239-41. DOE
proposes to eliminate the descriptor proposed in the June 2010 NOPR for
this regional rating, SEER Hot-Dry.
DOE proposes to make the off-mode test procedure additions in
today's SNOPR effective 180 days after publication of the test
procedure final rule in the Federal Register. By doing so, DOE would
not require manufacturers to publish the new rating metrics by this
time, but rather, would require that manufacturers use the amended test
procedure as of this date. In addition, DOE proposes to make the
compliance date for these test procedure amendments correspond to the
compliance date for the amended energy conservation standards for
residential central air conditioners and heat pumps.
III. Discussion
This section provides discussion on the revisions and additions to
the test procedure that DOE proposes in this SNOPR, based in part on
comments DOE received in response to the June 2010 NOPR. Section 0
describes DOE's proposed changes to test methods and calculations for
off-mode power and energy consumption. Section 0 discusses DOE's
proposed changes to the requirements for selecting and metering the
lab-added low voltage transformer used when testing coil-only
residential central air conditioners and heat pumps without a specific
furnace or modular blower. Section 0 discusses DOE's proposal to
abandon the regional SEER Hot-Dry metric that was proposed in the June
2010 NOPR. Sections 0 and 0 describe proposed amendments to the test
procedure that were not included in the June 2010 NOPR; specifically,
calculation of EER during cooling mode steady-state testing and the
combination of the two seasonal off-mode ratings for residential
central air conditioners proposed in the June 2010 NOPR, P1 and P2, to
yield a single overall rating, PWOFF.
As part of today's rulemaking, DOE provides the specific proposed
revisions to 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix M, ``Uniform Test
Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Central Air Conditioners
and Heat Pumps.''
A. Test Methods and Calculations for Off-Mode Power and Energy
Consumption of Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
In the June 2010 NOPR, DOE proposed test procedure amendments that
quantified off-mode power consumption of residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps, as required by 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A).
75 FR 31238-39. These proposals included testing and calculation
methods for estimating the energy consumption of a residential central
air conditioner during the heating season when the unit is typically
turned off at the thermostat, but when its controls and protective
devices remain energized. Additional amendments proposed in today's
SNOPR consider those times when the products are idle during the
shoulder season. The shoulder season is the period of time during the
year when a residential central air conditioner or heat pump is
providing neither heating nor cooling. The duration of the shoulder
season for each generalized climatic region equals the difference
between a full 8,760-hour year and the number of hours assigned to the
cooling and heating seasons of each region as identified in Table 19 of
appendix M to subpart B of 10 CFR part 430 (shown as Table 0.1 below).
Table 0.1--Representative Cooling and Heating Load Hours for Each
Generalized Climatic Region
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Region * CLHR ** HLHR
------------------------------------------------------------------------
I................................. 2400 750
II................................ 1800 1250
III............................... 1200 1750
IV................................ 800 2250
V................................. 400 2750
VI................................ 200 2750
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* CLHR--Cooling Load Hours (representative).
** HLHR- Heating Load Hours (representative).
DOE proposed in the June 2010 NOPR to modify the EISA 2007
definition of the term ``off-mode,'' \3\ pursuant to the authority
granted under 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(B), to include the operation of a
residential central air conditioner or heat pump during the shoulder
season and, for central air conditioners only, during the heating
season. 75 FR 31231. DOE proposed new laboratory tests and calculation
algorithms for estimating the average power consumption of residential
central air conditioners and heat pumps operating during off-mode. 75
FR 31238-39. The June 2010 NOPR also proposed that the average off-mode
power consumption for central air conditioners and heat pumps during
the shoulder season be represented by the parameter P1, and the average
off-mode power consumption of a residential central air conditioner
during the heating season be represented by the parameter P2. 75 FR
31239.
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\3\ Section 325(gg) of EPCA defines the term ``off mode'' as
``the condition in which an energy-using product is connected to a
main power source and is not providing any standby or active mode
function.'' 42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(1)(A)(ii).
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The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI)
and the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) both
agreed
[[Page 18108]]
with DOE that the off-mode rating should be separated from the existing
regulating metrics of SEER and HSPF. (AHRI, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 5 at p. 161; ACEEE, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 161) \4\
Trane acknowledged that inclusion of off-mode energy consumption in the
basic performance descriptors was not feasible. (Trane, No. 10.1 at p.
3)
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\4\ In this discussion, comments presented in the form ``AHRI,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 161'' indicate a comment that
was recorded in the public meeting transcript for the June 2010 NOPR
and is included in docket for this rulemaking. This particular
notation refers to a comment (1) by AHRI, (2) in document number 5
in the public meeting support materials, and (3) appearing on page
161.
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The Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) concurred with
DOE's proposed definition of ``off-mode.'' (NEEA, No. 7.1 at p. 7)
However, the People's Republic of China (China) stated that DOE should
define off-mode for central air conditioners and heat pumps to be
consistent with International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Standard 62301 (1st edition). (China, No. 18.1 at p. 5) China also
commented that off-mode, as set forth in the June 2010 NOPR, is defined
as a period of time, without including a description of the specific
status of the product. China hoped DOE would clarify the specific
status of the product in its definition of off-mode. (China, No. 18.1
at p. 5) Finally, China expressed its hope that DOE would further
clarify the proposed test procedure for off-mode energy consumption,
and whether off-mode energy consumption includes the energy consumption
of protective devices. (China, No. 18.1 at p. 5)
The off-mode definition presented in the June 2010 NOPR is
consistent with the objectives of EISA 2007. (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A))
The energy consumed by any protective device (e.g., a crankcase heater)
that operates while the central air conditioner sits idle during the
off-mode is included in the off-mode rating. The proposed off-mode
definition accounts for all modes and intervals of energy consumption
that are not captured in the existing regulating performance metrics.
By comparison, IEC 62301 applies to a wide range of household
appliances and seeks to quantify the standby power of these appliances,
which is loosely defined as the power consumed when the appliance is
not performing its main function. This simple definition is not readily
applicable to residential central air conditioners and heat pumps
because SEER and HSPF include power consumption during all possible
operating modes. A more product-specific definition was needed and was
proposed in the June 2010 NOPR. 75 FR 31238-39. DOE considered the
comments received pertaining to the definition of off-mode, but has
tentatively chosen to leave the definition proposed in the June 2010
NOPR unchanged.
At the June 2010 NOPR public meeting, Trane stated that the cooling
load hours proposed in the amended test procedure do not correlate with
the compressor running hours and, as a result, DOE is in danger of
incorrectly counting the time when the compressor is running as time
attributable to off-mode. (Trane, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at
p. 143) The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute
(AHRI) stated that the cooling load hours have been used since the test
procedure was established and that it may be time to review that.
(AHRI, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 145) DOE agrees that it
may be time to revisit the cooling load hour distributions, but lacks
sufficient data to do so at this time. DOE requests input from
interested parties that may be relevant to an update of the cooling
load hour and heating load hour distributions.
DOE has evaluated these comments and determined that the approach
for establishing the duration of the off-mode seasons proposed in the
June 2010 NOPR, 75 FR at 31239, 31269-70, and repeated in today's
SNOPR, remains the most defensible option. The approach obtains the
hours for each off-mode season directly from the cooling and heating
load hour combinations that have been used since the test procedure for
residential central air conditioners and heat pumps was established in
1979. Until those load hour maps (Figures 2 and 3 from 10 CFR part 430,
subpart B, appendix M), are updated based on newly available data, or
an alternative approach is identified for defining the magnitude of the
seasonal building loads (when expressed on an energy basis and, as a
consequence, the hours in each season), DOE concludes that the proposed
approach is appropriate.
With regard to the off-mode tests proposed in the June 2010 NOPR,
Trane stated that it is unrealistic to expect that a thermostat would
be accurate to 65 degrees plus or minus 2 degrees. (Trane, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 146) ACEEE stated that thermostatic
controller testing will vary because the time constant for changing the
temperature of the test chamber will differ based on the response of
the system. (ACEEE, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 156) Johnson
Controls concurred with the ACEEE comment. (Johnson Controls, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 158)
The proposed revisions to the off-mode test method in today's SNOPR
address the above comments. For crankcase heaters whose ON/OFF
operation is regulated by an ambient temperature thermostat, the
manufacturer-provided ON and OFF temperatures--T00 and T100,
respectively--would be deemed verified if the lab-measured values are
within 5 [deg]F of the manufacturer-provided values. If the
manufacturer's values for T00 or T100 are not verified, the lab-
measured value would be rounded to the nearest 5 [deg]F increment of 65
[deg]F, instead of to the nearest 2.5 [deg]F increment, as proposed in
the June 2010 NOPR. 75 FR 31261. For off-mode tests that will require
longer intervals to complete because of the relatively slow thermal
response of the compressor and crankcase heater system, options are
provided in today's proposal for shortening the duration of the test.
In the case of self-regulating crankcase heaters, rather than requiring
the heater to achieve steady-state operation before measuring steady-
state performance, collected data with respect to the heater's power
output as a function of elapsed time would be extrapolated to
reasonably approximate steady-state performance. Similarly,
manufacturers would be given the option of taking a slightly
conservative estimate of the off-mode power consumption for crankcase
heaters whose operation is regulated based on local control, rather
than extending the off-mode test for several extra hours.
At the public meeting, AHRI asked DOE if testing had been done to
measure off-mode energy consumption. (AHRI, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 5 at p. 147) DOE responded that testing had not been done. AHRI
stated DOE should take into account the fact that there had been no
testing done on the products, and therefore DOE did not know if the
proposed test procedure would work. (AHRI, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 5 at p. 162) AHRI stated that it does not support adding testing
procedures and calculations for off-mode energy consumption since the
algorithm proposed in the June 2010 NOPR had not been tested by DOE or
any manufacturers. (AHRI, No. 6.1 at p. 5) \5\ NEEA stated that it
found DOE's proposals to measure off-mode energy
[[Page 18109]]
consumption problematic because there are no data from actual testing.
In order for these values to be most useful to consumers, NEEA asserted
that they would have to be published for each climatic region. (NEEA,
No. 7.1 at p. 7) NEEA requested that DOE provide actual test data from
systems with a crankcase heater so NEEA could better understand the
interaction between test procedure requirements and the technologies
and control strategies used in the field. (NEEA, No. 7.1 at p. 7)
Lennox agreed with AHRI's recommendations that DOE provide more time
for the consideration of its proposed testing procedures and
calculations for off-mode energy consumption. (Lennox, No. 11.1 at p.
2)
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\5\ In this discussion, comments presented in the form ``AHRI,
No. 6.1 at p. 5'' indicate a written comment that was submitted to
DOE and is included in docket for this rulemaking. This particular
notation refers to a comment (1) by AHRI, (2) in document number 6.1
in the public meeting support materials, and (3) appearing on page
5.
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After the close of the comment period following the June 2010 NOPR,
DOE conducted laboratory testing on a complete heat pump system and a
stand-alone compressor that were equipped with different crankcase
heaters, regulated using different control strategies. As a result, DOE
has revised its off-mode test methods. To provide a means for
interested parties to consider these proposed methods, DOE has
published this SNOPR. Interested parties are asked to consider and
comment on these proposed off-mode test methods so that any changes
that are warranted can be implemented prior to publication of the test
procedure final rule.
The primary purpose of the off-mode test method is to develop a way
to measure energy used by the crankcase heater, which represents the
greatest consumption of energy during the off-mode period. For units
with a crankcase heater, DOE proposes an off-mode test method designed
to be more systematic and cover more specific cases. The revised off-
mode test method proposed today differentiates between residential
central air conditioners and heat pumps, between fixed-output and self-
regulating crankcase heaters, and between thermostatically controlled
and continuously on designs. Designs that regulate the ON/OFF status of
the heater based on an outdoor ambient thermostat (global control)
would be covered, as well as designs that regulate the heater based on
measuring or inferring the temperature of the compressor's sump (local
control). The proposed test methods are applicable to belly-band and
insertion type heaters and to designs that use an insulating cover for
the compressor and crankcase heater.
Today's proposed off-mode test method would cover coil-only units,
blower coil units, and coil-only units tested and rated with a furnace
fan or modular blower. The off-mode ratings for coil-only units would
include the power consumption of the low-voltage components other than
the lab-added, low-voltage transformer. Similarly, the off-mode ratings
for coil-only units tested and rated with a particular furnace or
modular blower would exclude the power consumption of any components
housed within the furnace or modular blower. The power consumption of
the lab-added transformer and the power consumption of the idle furnace
or modular blower would be measured separately and then subtracted from
the total off-mode power measured for the tested system. In these
cases, the power consumption of the transformer and off-mode power used
by a particular furnace or modular blower would be reflected in the
electrical off-mode rating of the furnace or modular blower. The off-
mode rating for conventional blower coil units would reflect all
sources of off-mode power consumption.
In the vast majority of cases, the time required to complete the
revised off-mode tests varies from less than 1 hour to up to 12 hours.
Two of the more time-intensive off-mode tests proposed in this SNOPR
pertain to approximating the ``power consumption versus outdoor
temperature'' relationship of a self-regulating crankcase heater, and
to measuring the average power consumption of crankcase heaters that
use local thermostatic control. The electrical resistance of self-
regulating heaters varies with temperature, with the resistance
decreasing as temperature increases. Because of the relatively large
thermal mass of the compressor, several hours are required to approach
a power level that is representative of the final steady-state power
output from a self-regulating heater when heating a compressor that is
otherwise obtaining equilibrium with the ambient air. To balance test
burden with reasonable repeatability, DOE proposes to require the
regular measurement of the power over an interval during which the
outdoor ambient temperature varies 2 [deg]F or less, and the power data
displays a monotonic trend as it approaches its steady-state value.
Under today's proposal, manufacturers would be required to specify
whether the test terminates after collecting 3 hours of data, or
whether the test continues over a longer interval. ``Power versus
elapsed time'' data would be curve-fitted using one of two equations--
one equation if the power data decreases with elapsed time and another
equation if the power data increases with elapsed time. Once the
constants of the equations are determined using a curve-fitting
program, the resulting equation would be used to estimate the power
consumption of the heater had the asymptotic response been allowed to
continue until it reached a steady-state. The test procedure would use
an elapsed time of 24 hours to approximate the steady-state limit
(rather than requiring the evaluation of the equation as time
approaches infinity). DOE proposes limits on how much the extrapolated
value could vary from the average power measured prior to terminating
the test. This process would then be repeated at a second outdoor
temperature.
Under the proposal, crankcase heaters that use local thermostatic
control would be monitored until successive heater ON + heater OFF
cycles yield average power consumption values that differ by 1 watt or
less. As an alternative, the manufacturer could choose to discontinue
the test as soon as a minimum of three consecutive heater ON + heater
OFF cycles are recorded, where the average power from each complete
cycle is less than the average power from the prior cycle. For both
test termination options, two additional requirements would need to be
met: (1) The elapsed time between the start of the first crankcase
heater ON cycle and the test termination must be a minimum of 3 hours
and (2) the outdoor temperature during the two or more complete cycles
that meet the termination criteria must vary by 2 [deg]F or less. If
the manufacturer does not choose from the off-mode test termination
criteria, testing requirements based on the average power differing by
less than 1 watt for successive cycles would be used. For residential
central air conditioners (but not heat pumps) with crankcase heaters
that use local thermostatic control, the above off-mode test method
would be repeated at a second outdoor temperature.
B. Selecting the Low-Voltage Transformer Used When Testing Coil-Only
Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps and Required Metering of Low-
Voltage Components During Off-Mode Test(s)
In today's SNOPR, DOE proposes that the test laboratory select a
toroidal transformer when testing coil-only units. Toroidal
transformers have fewer losses, less efficiency variation with loading,
and lower power requirements at zero loading than laminated core
transformers. DOE proposes that some of the characteristics of the
toroidal transformer may be specified by the manufacturer (e.g., volt-
amp rating, voltage input, voltage output);
[[Page 18110]]
otherwise, a set of default criteria would be provided in the amended
test procedure. DOE also proposes to change the load rating
specification from an absolute volt-amp rating to a range of percent
loading to better cover all possible units, ensure the transformer is
adequately sized to meet the load, and provide more flexibility to the
testing laboratory.
In the June 2010 NOPR, DOE proposed requiring the measurement of
the power consumption of the low-voltage components that are part of
all tested units during every DOE-specified laboratory test. 75 FR
31238. The June 2010 NOPR targeted coil-only residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps tested using a low-voltage transformer
selected by the testing laboratory. Usually, the power consumption of
low-voltage components powered by this lab-added transformer is not
metered. The June 2010 NOPR also listed proposed specifications for the
lab-added transformer. Id. Under this proposal, the instrument used to
measure the electrical power supplied to the transformer would be
required to do so within the measurement accuracy prescribed for the
other electrical components. Id. Because the proposal would alter the
SEER and HSPF ratings of the products, DOE planned to require the
measurement of low-voltage components on the compliance date for the
amended energy conservation standards for residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps.
At the June 2010 NOPR public meeting, ACEEE supported DOE's premise
while questioning whether the word ``transformer'' in the test
procedure should be replaced with ``power supply.'' (ACEEE, Public
Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 183) Trane stated that the usage of
``transformer'' is technically correct. (Trane, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 5 at p. 185). DOE concurs that the use of the word
``transformer'' to describe the low-voltage power source is correct. In
its written comments, NEEA supported the inclusion of transformer
energy use in the test procedure, but noted that there may be a wide
variety of both transformer and power supply efficiencies, and
therefore asked DOE to provide some documentation for its assumptions.
(NEEA, No. 13.1 at p. 8) AHRI argued against specifying requirements
for the low-voltage transformer used when testing coil-only residential
central air conditioners and heat pumps and requiring the metering of
all sources of energy consumption during all tests. AHRI noted that the
SEER and HSPF values for coil-only units would decrease, causing the
minimum Federal standards to need to be modified for these products.
AHRI also noted that ``accounting for the transformer power in SEER and
HSPF [would] be double-dipping when the furnace standards are also
revised to include the transformer power.'' (AHRI, No. 6.1 at p. 5)
Based on this discussion, DOE proposes to exclude changes that
would alter the SEER and HSPF ratings of currently rated residential
central air conditioners and heat pumps because such changes would
require adjustments to the standard levels currently being considered.
(42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2)) As such, the proposed test procedure does not
require metering the power consumption of the low-voltage components of
a coil-only system when conducting the lab tests used in calculating
SEER and HSPF. Instead, the power consumption of these low-voltage
components, however, would be measured during the proposed off-mode
testing.
C. Withdrawal of the Proposal To Add the New Regional Performance
Metric SEER Hot-Dry
DOE has the option of implementing regional standards for
residential central air conditioners and heat pumps, if justified. (42
U.S.C. 6295(o)(6)(D)(i)) In the June 2010 NOPR, DOE proposed additional
testing and calculations to evaluate a new cooling season efficiency
rating that was specific to the proposed region of the country with a
hot-dry climate. The proposed regional regulating metric was identified
as SEER Hot-Dry and applied to the States of California, Nevada, New
Mexico, and Arizona. 75 FR 31239-42.
Comments made at the June 2010 NOPR public meeting and written
comments that followed overwhelmingly supported the use of a steady-
state EER descriptor over the proposed SEER Hot-Dry descriptor for the
hot-dry region. EnergySolutions withdrew its support of SEER Hot-Dry in
favor of EER, noting that the SEER Hot-Dry metric does not adequately
represent conditions at full load and therefore does not give the
manufacturer the opportunity to differentiate products that perform
very well at high temperatures. (EnergySolutions, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 5 at p. 170) At the public meeting, ACEEE took the same
position. (ACEEE, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 175; ACEEE,
Public Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 195) Two manufacturers stated
their opposition to a SEER Hot-Dry metric due to the increased testing
burden that it would create. (Mitsubishi, Public Meeting Transcript,
No. 5 at p. 176; Trane, Public Meeting Transcript, No. 5 at p. 203)
ACEEE stated that the building loads and bin temperature distributions
for the proposed SEER Hot-Dry metric were not representative of typical
weather and operating conditions in a hot-dry location. (ACEEE, No. 8.1
at p. 2) Several interested parties supported the consensus agreement
\6\ in general and the use of EER as the basis for establishing a
regional standard in the hot-dry region in particular, a position
outlined in the consensus agreement. (Mitsubishi, Public Meeting
Transcript, No. 5 at p. 176; AHRI, No. 6.1 at p. 5; Lennox, No. 11.1 at
p. 2; NEEA, No. 7.1 at p. 7; ACEEE, No. 8.1 at p. 2; EnergySolutions,
No 9.1 at p. 1; NRDC, No. 13.1 at pp. 1-2). In addressing a statement
DOE included in the June 2010 NOPR, the Natural Resources Defense
Council (NRDC) commented that ``DOE's statement on its statutory
authority to use multiple performance metrics is incorrect. DOE should
revise the proposed test procedures as outlined in the consensus
agreement because DOE has authority under the EPCA to adopt the
Southwest regional SEER and EER consensus standards agreed upon by
manufacturers and efficiency advocates and test procedures for such
standards.'' (NRDC, No. 13.1 at p. 2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ On January 15, 2010, several interested parties submitted a
joint comment to DOE recommending adoption of minimum energy
conservation standards for residential central air conditioners,
heat pumps, and furnaces, as well as associated compliance dates for
such standards, which represents a negotiated agreement among a
variety of interested stakeholders including manufacturers and
environmental and efficiency advocates. The original agreement
(referred to as the ``consensus agreement'') was completed on
October 13, 2009, and had 15 signatories.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The seasonal metric proposed in the June 2010 NOPR for the hot-dry
region was not meaningful due to the inclusion of New Mexico and
especially California (with its large coastal population). 75 FR 31240-
41. Although the region was composed of contiguous States as required
by EISA 2007, 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(6)(C), the inclusion of these two
States caused the population-weighted average weather conditions to be
neither hot nor dry. DOE agrees that a seasonal performance descriptor
such as SEER Hot-Dry does not adequately represent performance at full
load conditions. As a result, DOE is today proposing a method to
calculate the EER during Cooling Mode Steady State Tests. Assuming DOE
was to adopt as final such EER test procedure; as a Final rule, DOE
espects to withdraw its earlier proposal to include additional tests
and
[[Page 18111]]
calculations in the test procedure to determine a SEER Hot-Dry rating.
D. Calculation of the Energy Efficiency Ratio for Cooling Mode Steady-
State Tests
For central air conditioners, the consensus agreement recommends
that DOE adopt dual metrics (i.e., SEER and EER) for the hot-dry
region. Generally, DOE notes that EPCA's definition of ``efficiency
descriptor'' at 42 U.S.C. 6291(22) specifies that the efficiency
descriptor for both central air conditioners and heat pumps shall be
SEER. However, DOE believes that the language at 42 U.S.C. 6295(p)(4)
provides DOE some measure of discretion when considering recommended
standards in a consensus agreement, if the Secretary determines that
the recommended standards are in accordance with 42 U.S.C. 6295(o).
Today, DOE proposes to include within the test procedure the steps
needed to define the calculation of EER for the proposed hot-dry region
from the results of cooling mode, steady-state testing.
E. Off-Mode Performance Ratings
Because off-mode operation occurs during specific seasons, the most
appropriate form of an off-mode rating is a seasonal descriptor.
Moreover, off-mode represents times when a unit is consuming power
while not providing space conditioning; therefore, the seasonal
descriptor must be expressed in terms of average power or a
representative energy consumption quantity (as efficiency is not an
option). Given these two options, average power provides the greater
utility because it is not as location-specific as energy consumption.
Whereas the same off-mode average power consumption applies to any
location within a DOE generalized climatic region, an off-mode energy
consumption only applies to a unique location within that same climatic
region. As such, a single average off-mode power rating can be used to
calculate many off-mode energy values, while the opposite is not true.
A representative off-mode energy rating would be specific to one
particular combination of cooling season hours, heating season hours,
and shoulder season hours. For these reasons, DOE proposes that the
off-mode ratings be expressed as average power values.
For residential central air conditioners, two off-mode average
power values were proposed in the June 2010 NOPR, one for the shoulder
season (parameter P1), and one for the heating season (parameter P2).
75 FR 31238-39. P1 and P2 are both expressed in units of watts. Since
heat pumps are only idle during the shoulder season, they only have a
P1 value. For residential central air conditioners using compressor
crankcase heaters with heating output that changes with the outdoor
temperature, P2 will depend on the distribution of outdoor temperatures
during the heating season. In such cases, the P2 value will be
different for each of the six generalized climatic regions referenced
in the current DOE test procedure. (Refer to Figures 2 and 3 in 10 CFR
part 430, subpart B, appendix M).
To allow straightforward comparisons among a variety of residential
central air conditioners and heat pumps that may have different
combinations of P1 and P2 values, these average power values can be
weighted based on the length of the shoulder and heating seasons to
yield an overall average power consumption value. Furthermore, in terms
of the establishment of a minimum standard(s) for the off-mode, a
single standard is preferable to setting separate standard levels for
P1 and P2. The most representative weighting would be those seasonal
hours associated with the national average cooling and heating load
hours of 1,000 and 2,080 hours, respectively, with P2 based on
generalized climatic Region IV. Region IV is proposed because the HSPF
conservation standard and rating that appear on the Federal Trade
Commission (FTC) EnergyGuide Label are based on this region. 75 FR
31239. In sum, DOE proposes a national average off-mode power
consumption rating, PWOFF, for residential central air conditioners and
heat pumps. DOE proposes combining the off-mode power rating for the
shoulder seasons, P1, with the off-mode power rating for the heating
season, P2, by weighting these ratings with respect to the lengths of
the national average seasons: 739 hours for the shoulder seasons and
5,216 hours for the heating season.
For residential central air conditioners, DOE proposes PWOFF =
0.124 x P1 + 0.876 x P2.
For residential heat pumps, DOE proposes PWOFF = PM 1.
IV. Procedural Issues and Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has determined that test
procedure rulemakings do not constitute ``significant regulatory
actions'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory
Planning and Review, 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993). Accordingly, this
proposed action was not subject to review under the Executive Order by
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis for any rule
proposed for public comment, unless the agency certifies that the rule,
if promulgated, will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. As required by Executive Order
13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small Entities in Agency Rulemaking,''
67 FR 53461 (Aug. 16, 2002), DOE published procedures and policies on
February 19, 2003, so that the potential impacts of its rules on small
entities are properly considered during the rulemaking process. 68 FR
7990. DOE has made its procedures and policies available on the Office
of the General Counsel's website: http://www.gc.doe.gov.
DOE reviewed today's proposed rule, which would amend the test
procedure for residential central air conditioners and heat pumps,
under the provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act and the
procedures and policies published on February 19, 2003. DOE tentatively
concludes and certifies that the proposed rule, if adopted, would not
result in a significant impact on a substantial number of small
entities. The factual basis for this certification is set forth below.
For the purpose of the regulatory flexibility analysis for this
rule, the DOE adopts the Small Business Administration (SBA) definition
of a small entity within this industry as a manufacturing enterprise
with 750 employees or fewer. DOE used the small business size standards
published on January 31, 1996, as amended, by the SBA to determine
whether any small entities would be required to comply with the rule.
61 FR 3280, 3286, as amended at 67 FR 3041, 3045 (Jan. 23, 2002) and at
69 FR 29192, 29203 (May 21, 2004); see also 65 FR 30836, 30850 (May 15,
2000), as amended at 65 FR 53533, 53545 (Sept. 5, 2000). The size
standards are codified at 13 CFR part 121. The standards are listed by
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and industry
description and are available at http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_sstd_tablepdf.pdf.
Residential central air conditioner and heat pump equipment
manufacturing is classified under NAICS 333415, ``Air-Conditioning and
Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration
[[Page 18112]]
Equipment Manufacturing.'' 70 FR 12395 (March 11, 2005). DOE reviewed
AHRI's listing of residential central air conditioner and heat pump
equipment manufacturer members and surveyed the industry to develop a
list of domestic manufacturers. As a result of this review, DOE
identified 22 manufacturers of residential central air conditioners and
heat pumps, of which 15 would be considered small manufacturers with a
total of approximately 3 percent of the market sales. DOE seeks comment
on its estimate of the number of small entities that may be impacted by
the proposed test procedure.
Potential impacts of the proposed test procedure on all
manufacturers, including small businesses, come from impacts associated
with the cost of proposed additional testing. DOE estimates the
incremental cost of the proposed additional tests described in 10 CFR
part 430, subpart B, appendix M (proposed section 3.13) to be an
increase of $1,000 to $1,500 per unit tested. This estimate is based on
private testing services quoted on behalf of DOE in the last 2 years
for residential central air conditioners and heat pumps. Typical costs
for running the cooling tests appear to be approximately $5,000. DOE
estimated that the additional activities required by the revised test
procedure would introduce a 20 to 30 percent increase in testing time,
resulting in the additional cost.
Because the incremental cost of running the extra tests is the same
for all manufacturers, DOE believes that all manufacturers would incur
comparable costs for testing of individual basic models as a result of
the proposed test procedure. DOE expects that small manufacturers will
incur less testing expense compared with larger manufacturers as a
result of the proposed testing requirements because they have fewer
basic models and thus require proportionally less testing when compared
with large manufacturers that have many basic models. DOE recognizes,
however, that smaller manufacturers may have less capital available
over which to spread the increased costs of testing.
DOE compared the cost of the testing to the total value added by
the manufacturers to determine whether the impact of the proposed test
procedure amendments is significant. The value added represents the net
economic value that a business creates when it takes manufacturing
inputs (e.g., materials) and turns them into manufacturing outputs
(e.g., manufactured goods). Specifically, as defined by the U.S.
Census, the value added statistic is calculated as the total value of
shipments (products manufactured plus receipts for services rendered)
minus the cost of materials, supplies, containers, fuel, purchased
electricity, and contract work expenses.
DOE analyzed the impact on the smallest manufacturers of
residential central air conditioners and heat pumps because these
manufacturers would likely be the most vulnerable to cost increases.
DOE calculated the additional testing expense as a percentage of the
average value added statistic for the five individual firms in the 25
to 49 employee size category in NAICS 333415 as reported by the U.S.
Census (U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Factfinder, 2002 Economic
Census, Manufacturing, Industry Series, Industry Statistics by
Employment Size, http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/EconSectorServlet?_lang=en&ds_name=EC0200A1&_SectorId=31&_ts=288639767147). The average annual value for manufacturers in this
size range from the census data was $1.26 million in 2001$, per the
2002 Economic Census, or approximately $1.52 million per year in 2009$
after adjusting for inflation using the implicit price deflator for
gross domestic product (U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic
Analysis, http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp).
DOE also examined the average value added statistic provided by
census for all manufacturers with fewer than 500 employees in this
NAICS classification as the most representative value from the 2002
Economic Census data of the residential central air conditioner
manufacturers with fewer than 750 employees that are considered small
businesses by the SBA (15 manufacturers). The average annual value
added statistic for all small manufacturers with fewer than 500
employees was $7.88 million (2009$).
Given this data, and assuming the high-end estimate of $1,500 for
the additional testing costs, DOE concluded that the additional costs
for testing of a single basic model product under the proposed
requirements would be approximately 0.1 percent of annual value added
for the 5 smallest firms, and approximately 0.02 percent of the average
annual value added for all small residential central air conditioner
manufacturers (15 firms). DOE estimates that testing of basic models
may not have to be updated more than once every 5 years, and therefore
the average incremental burden of testing one basic model may be one
fifth of these values when the cost is spread over several years.
DOE requires that only the highest sales volume split system
combinations be lab tested. 10 CFR 430.24(m). The majority of air
conditioners and heat pumps offered by a manufacturer are typically
split systems that are not required to be lab tested but can be
certified using an alternative rating method that does not require DOE
testing of these units. DOE reviewed the available data for five of the
smallest manufacturers to estimate the incremental testing cost burden
for those small firms that might experience the greatest relative
burden from the revised test procedure. These manufacturers had an
average of 10 models requiring testing (AHRI Directory of Certified
Product Performance, http://www.ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/home.aspx), while large manufacturers will have well over 100 such
models. The additional testing cost for final certification for 10
models was estimated at $15,000. Meanwhile, these certifications would
be expected to last the product life, estimated to be at least 5 years
based on the time frame established in EPCA for DOE review of
residential central air conditioner efficiency standards. This test
burden is therefore estimated to be approximately 0.2 percent of the
estimated 5-year value added for the smallest five manufacturers. DOE
believes that these costs are not significant given other, much more
significant costs that the small manufacturers of residential central
air conditioners and heat pumps incur in the course of doing business.
DOE seeks comment on its estimate of the impact of the proposed test
procedure amendments on small entities and its conclusion that this
impact is not significant.
Accordingly, as stated above, DOE tentatively concludes and
certifies that this proposed rule would not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities. Accordingly, DOE has
not prepared an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IRFA) for this
rulemaking. DOE will provide its certification and supporting statement
of factual basis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the SBA for
review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of residential central air conditioners and heat
pumps must certify to DOE that their product complies with any
applicable energy conservation standard. In certifying compliance,
manufacturers must test their product according to the DOE test
procedure for residential central air
[[Page 18113]]
conditioners and heat pumps, including any amendments adopted for that
test procedure. DOE has proposed regulations for the certification and
recordkeeping requirements for all covered consumer products and
commercial equipment, including residential central air conditioners
and heat pumps. 75 FR 56796 (Sept. 16, 2010). The collection-of-
information requirement for the certification and recordkeeping is
subject to review and approval by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act
of 1995 (PRA). This requirement has been submitted to OMB for approval.
Public reporting burden for the certification is estimated to average
20 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,
searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data
needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
Public comment is sought regarding: whether this proposed
collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of
the functions of the agency, including whether the information shall
have practical utility; the accuracy of the burden estimate; ways to
enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be
collected; and ways to minimize the burden of the collection of
information, including through the use of automated collection
techniques or other forms of information technology. Send comments on
these or any other aspects of the collection of information to Wes
Anderson (see ADDRESSES) and by e-mail to [email protected].
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this proposed rule, DOE proposes amendments to test procedures
that may be used to implement future energy conservation standards for
residential central air conditioners and heat pumps. DOE has determined
that this rule falls into a class of actions that are categorically
excluded from review under the National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 (NEPA; 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). The rule is covered by Categorical
Exclusion A5, for rulemakings that interpret or amend an existing rule
without changing the environmental effect, as set forth in DOE's NEPA
regulations in appendix A to subpart D, 10 CFR part 1021. This rule
will not affect the quality or distribution of energy usage and,
therefore, will not result in any environmental impacts. Accordingly,
neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact
statement is required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999),
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have Federalism
implications. The Executive Order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive Order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have Federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined today's proposed rule and
has determined that it does not preempt State law and does not have a
substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between
the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government. EPCA
governs and prescribes Federal preemption of State regulations as to
energy conservation for the products that are the subjects of today's
proposed rule. States can petition DOE for a waiver of such preemption
to the extent, and based on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C.
6297) No further action is required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
With respect to the review of existing regulations and the
promulgation of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988,
``Civil Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that Executive agencies make every reasonable
effort so that the regulation: (1) Clearly specifies the preemptive
effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for affected
conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction; (4)
specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines key
terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity and
general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the United States
Attorney General (Attorney General). Section 3(c) of Executive Order
12988 requires Executive agencies to review regulations in light of
applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether
they are met or it is unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has
completed the required review and determined that, to the extent
permitted by law, the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of
Executive Order 12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA; Pub. L.
104-4, codified at 2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) requires each Federal agency
to assess the effects of Federal regulatory actions on State, local,
and Tribal governments and the private sector. For proposed regulatory
actions likely to result in a rule that may cause expenditures by
State, local, and Tribal governments in the aggregate or by the private
sector of $100 million or more in any one year (adjusted annually for
inflation), section 202 of UMRA requires a Federal agency to publish
estimates of the resulting costs, benefits, and other effects on the
national economy. (2 U.S.C. 1532(a), (b)) UMRA also requires a Federal
agency to develop an effective process to permit timely input by
elected officers of State, local, and Tribal governments on a proposed
``significant intergovernmental mandate'' and requires an agency plan
for giving notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially
affected small governments before establishing any requirements that
might significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18,
1997, DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820. (This policy is
also available at http://www.gc.doe.gov.) Today's proposed rule
contains neither an intergovernmental mandate nor a mandate that may
result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year, so these
requirements do not apply.
[[Page 18114]]
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any proposed rule that may affect family
well-being. Today's proposed rule would not have any impact on the
autonomy or integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE
has concluded that it is unnecessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights,'' 53 FR 8859 (March 15, 1988), that this proposed regulation,
if promulgated as a final rule, would not result in any takings that
might require compensation under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution.
J. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516, note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general guidelines issued by
OMB. The OMB's guidelines were published in 67 FR 8452 (Feb. 22, 2002),
and DOE's guidelines were published at 67 FR 62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE
has reviewed today's proposed rule under the OMB and DOE guidelines and
has concluded that it is consistent with applicable policies in those
guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to
OIRA, Office of Management and Budget, a Statement of Energy Effects
for any proposed significant energy action. A ``significant energy
action'' is defined as any action by an agency that promulgated or is
expected to lead to promulgation of a final rule, and that (1) is a
significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, or any
successor order; and (2) is likely to have a significant adverse effect
on the supply, distribution, or use of energy; or (3) is designated by
the Administrator of OIRA as a significant energy action. For any
proposed significant energy action, the agency must give a detailed
statement of any adverse effects on energy supply, distribution, or use
should the proposal be implemented, and of reasonable alternatives to
the action and their expected benefits on energy supply, distribution,
and use.
Today's regulatory action would not have a significant adverse
effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy and, therefore, it
is not a significant energy action. Accordingly, DOE has not prepared a
Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91), DOE must comply with section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-275), as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977 (15 U.S.C. 788).
Section 32 essentially provides, in relevant part, that where a
proposed rule contains or involves use of commercial standards, the
notice of proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and
background of such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE
to consult with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the FTC
concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards on
competition.
Today's SNOPR does not incorporate testing methods contained in
commercial standards.
V. Public Participation
A. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and other information regarding the
SNOPR no later than the date provided in the DATES section at the
beginning of this notice. Interested parties may submit comments using
any of the methods described in the ADDRESSES section at the beginning
of this rulemaking.
Submitting comments via regulations.gov. The regulations.gov
webpage will require you to provide your name and contact information.
Your contact information will be viewable to DOE Building Technologies
staff only. Your contact information will not be publicly viewable
except for your first and last names, organization name (if any), and
submitter representative name (if any). If your comment is not
processed properly because of technical difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, DOE
may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names,
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any
documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to regulations.gov information for which disclosure
is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and commercial or
financial information (hereinafter referred to as Confidential Business
Information (CBI)). Comments submitted through regulations.gov cannot
be claimed as CBI. Comments received through the Web site will waive
any CBI claims for the information submitted. For information on
submitting CBI, see the Confidential Business Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through regulations.gov before
posting them online. Normally, comments will be posted within a few
days of being submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are
processed simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to
several weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that
regulations.gov provides after you have successfully uploaded your
comment.
Submitting comments via email, hand delivery, or mail. Comments and
documents submitted via email, hand delivery, or mail also will be
posted to regulations.gov. If you do not want your personal contact
information to be publicly viewable, do not include it in your comment
or any accompanying documents. Instead, provide your contact
information on a cover letter. Include your first and last names, email
address, telephone number, and optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as long as it does not include any
comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. Email submissions are
preferred. If you submit via mail or hand delivery, please provide all
items on a CD, if feasible. It is not necessary to submit printed
copies. No facsimiles (faxes) will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in
[[Page 18115]]
PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII)
file format. Provide documents that are not secured, are written in
English, and are free of any defects or viruses. Documents should not
contain special characters or any form of encryption and, if possible,
they should carry the electronic signature of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 and 500 form letters
per PDF, or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names
compiled into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and
posting time.
Confidential Business Information. Pursuant to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
email, postal mail, or hand delivery two well-marked copies: one copy
of the document marked confidential including all the information
believed to be confidential, and one copy of the document marked non-
confidential with the information believed to be confidential deleted.
Submit these documents via email or on a CD, if feasible. DOE will make
its own determination about the confidential status of the information
and treat it according to its determination.
Factors of interest to DOE when evaluating requests to treat
submitted information as confidential include: (1) A description of the
items; (2) whether and why such items are customarily treated as
confidential within the industry; (3) whether the information is
generally known by or available from other sources; (4) whether the
information has previously been made available to others without
obligation concerning its confidentiality; (5) an explanation of the
competitive injury to the submitting person which would result from
public disclosure; (6) when such information might lose its
confidential character due to the passage of time; and (7) why
disclosure of the information would be contrary to the public interest.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
B. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although comments are welcome on all aspects of this rulemaking,
DOE is particularly interested in receiving comments on the following
issues:
1. What is/are the best curve fit(s) to approximate how the power
consumption of a self-regulating crankcase heater approaches steady-
state during an off-mode test? DOE offers equations in this SNOPR to
fit two operational scenarios: that in which crankcase heater power
increases with time, and that in which crankcase heater power decreases
with time.
2. Which hardware and controls designs would not be adequately
covered by the proposed off-mode tests and calculations, if any? Please
be as specific as possible in responding to this question.
3. Is the proposed approach for not crediting coil-only units with
any power consumption associated with the furnace or modular blower
that it will be combined with in the field, including the low voltage
transformer, acceptable?
4. When testing a coil-only unit, the proposed requirement is that
the selected low voltage transformer must be a ``toroidal type,'' with
additional specifications provided by the manufacturer. Is this
proposed requirement sufficient or insufficient in promoting repeatable
results?
5. For the case in which the manufacturer does not provide
instructions for selecting the low voltage transformer used to test a
coil-only unit, do the default specifications listed in proposed
section 2.2(d) suffice and, if not, how can they be improved?
6. To cover the different types of crankcase heaters and control
strategies, the proposed lab testing and calculations require several
steps. Are any of the specific steps unclear? If so, which ones and
why?
7. To update the cooling load hour and heating load hour
distributions, more information is needed. Is there relevant data
available to update these distributions?
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of this SNOPR.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation test procedures, Household appliances,
Imports, Intergovernmental relations, Small businesses.
Issued in Washington, DC, on March 24, 2011.
Kathleen B. Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Technology
Development, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, DOE proposes to amend
part 430 of chapter II of Title 10, Subpart B, Code of Federal
Regulations, to read as follows:
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
1. The authority citation for Part 430 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
2. Appendix M to subpart B of part 430 is amended:
a. In section 1, Definitions, by:
1. Redesignating sections 1.13 through 1.47 as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old sections New sections
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.13................................... 1.14.
1.14 to 1.17........................... 1.16 to 1.19, respectively.
1.18 to 1.25........................... 1.21 to 1.28, respectively.
1.26 to 1.28........................... 1.31 to 1.33, respectively.
1.29................................... 1.35.
1.30 to 1.33........................... 1.37 through 1.40,
respectively.
1.34 to 1.47........................... 1.42 through 1.55,
respectively.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Adding new sections 1.13, 1.15, 1.20, 1.29, 1.30, 1.34, 1.36,
and 1.41.
b. In section 2, Testing Conditions, by adding, in section 2.2 new
paragraph d.
c. In section 3, Testing Procedures, by:
1. Revising section 3.1.
2. Adding new section 3.13.
d. In section 4, Calculations of Seasonal Performance Descriptors,
by:
1. Adding new section 4.2.6.
2. Revising section 4.3.1.
3. Adding new section 4.5.
4. Redesignating Tables 17 through 19 as 18 through 20,
respectively.
The additions and revisions read as follows:
APPENDIX M TO SUBPART B OF PART 430--UNIFORM TEST METHOD FOR MEASURING
THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONERS AND HEAT PUMPS
* * * * *
1. * * *
* * * * *
1.13 Blower coil unit means a residential central air
conditioner or heat pump where the indoor-side refrigerant-to-air
heat exchanger coil is packaged in the same cabinet as the indoor
blower. All single-packaged units are blower coil units; split-
[[Page 18116]]
system units may be either blower coil units or coil-only units.
* * * * *
1.15 Coil-only unit means a split-system residential central air
conditioner or split-system heat pump where the indoor section
includes a refrigerant-to-air heat exchanger coil but not a blower
(fan). Coil-only units are designed to be installed and used in
combination with a furnace or a modular blower.
* * * * *
1.20 Crankcase heater includes all devices and mechanisms for
intentionally generating heat within and/or around the compressor
sump volume to minimize the diluting of the compressor's refrigerant
oil by condensed refrigerant.
* * * * *
1.29 Fixed-output crankcase heater means any heater that is
designed for its power dissipation rate to not change more than 5
percent per 20 [deg]C change in outdoor ambient temperature, if all
other operating parameters are held constant.
* * * * *
1.30 Global control designates equipment having a
thermostatically controlled crankcase heater in which the electrical
power supplied to the heater is switched on and off based on a
temperature measurement or thermostat that is not influenced by
crankcase heater, when energized (e.g., a thermostat that responds
to ambient air temperature).
* * * * *
1.34 Local control designates equipment having a
thermostatically controlled crankcase heater in which the electrical
power supplied to the heater is switched on and off based on
measurement or inference of the compressor's sump temperature.
* * * * *
1.36 Modular blower means a separate, self-contained indoor
section that contains a blower (fan) and is designed to be installed
and operate with a variety of coil-only units.
* * * * *
1.41 Self-regulating crankcase heater means any heater whose
power dissipation changes in a consistent and repeatable manner in
proportion to changes in the outdoor ambient temperature, if all
other operating parameters are held constant. A heater made from a
material having a positive temperature coefficient is an example of
a self-regulating crankcase heater.
* * * * *
2.2 * * *
* * * * *
d. When testing coil-only residential central air conditioners
and heat pumps, install a toroidal type transformer to power the
low-voltage components of the coil-only system. The manufacturer
shall designate any additional specification for this transformer.
If the manufacturer does not so designate, use a transformer having
the following features: a nominal V-amp rating that results in the
transformer being loaded from 25 and 90 percent based on the highest
power value expected and then confirmed during the off-mode test;
designed to operate with a primary input of 230 V, single phase, 60
Hz; and that provides an output voltage that is within the allowed
range for each low-voltage component. The power consumption of the
lab-added low-voltage transformer, and the components connected to
it, must be measured as part of the total system power consumption
during the off-mode tests. This total system power for the coil-only
unit, however, must then be reduced by the power consumed by the
lab-added transformer when no load is connected to it.
* * * * *
3. * * *
3.1 General Requirements. If, during the testing process, an
equipment set-up adjustment is made that would alter the performance
of the unit when conducting an already completed test, then repeat
all tests affected by the adjustment. For cyclic tests, instead of
maintaining an air volume rate for each airflow nozzle, maintain the
static pressure difference or velocity pressure during an ON period
at the same pressure difference or velocity pressure as measured
during the steady-state test conducted at the same test conditions.
Use the testing procedures in this section to collect the data
used for calculating (1) Performance metrics for residential central
air conditioners and heat pumps during the cooling season; (2)
performance metrics for heat pumps during the heating season; and
(3) power consumption metric(s) for residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps during the off-mode season(s). For
residential central air conditioners, the off-mode seasons are the
shoulder seasons that separate the cooling and heating seasons and
the entire heating season. For residential heat pumps, the shoulder
season is the only off-mode season.
* * * * *
3.13 Laboratory testing to determine off-mode average power
ratings.
3.13.1 Determine if the residential central air conditioner or
heat pump has a compressor crankcase heater (see definition 1.51).
If so equipped, determine from the manufacturer if the compressor
crankcase heater's on/off operation is regulated using global
control (see definition 1.53), local control (see definition 1.54),
both local and global control, or is unregulated, with the heater
operating continuously when the compressor is off. Also determine
from the manufacturer if the crankcase heater is a fixed-output type
(see definition 1.52) or a self-regulating type (see definition
1.56). Use Table 17 to determine the required test methods based on
the type of crankcase heater installed.
[[Page 18117]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.007
3.13.2 For residential central air conditioners not having a
compressor crankcase heater, conduct the following off-mode test.
3.13.2.1 Configure the controls of the residential central air
conditioner to mimic the operating mode as if connected to a
building thermostat that is set to the OFF position. No requirements
are placed on the ambient conditions within the indoor and outdoor
test rooms. The room conditions are allowed to change for the
duration of this particular test.
3.13.2.2 After the controls have been configured, wait at least
2 minutes. Then integrate the power consumption of the residential
central air conditioner over a 5-minute interval. This integrated
power consumption must include the power consumed by the low-voltage
transformer and the low-voltage components connected to it.
Calculate the average power consumption rate for the integration
interval and designate it as P5.
3.13.2.3 Power adjustment if testing a coil-only residential
central air conditioner. For coil-only residential central air
conditioners tested without an indoor blower installed and for
residential central air conditioners tested and rated with a
specific furnace or modular blower, reduce the overall system off-
mode power measurement, P5, by the power supplied to components not
part of the residential central air conditioner. If tested without
an indoor blower, disconnect all low-voltage wiring from the low-
voltage transformer and integrate the power consumption of the fully
unloaded transformer over a 5-minute interval. If tested and rated
with a specific furnace or specific modular blower, measure only the
power supplied to the furnace or modular blower while idle (e.g.,
disconnect the low-voltage wiring for the components housed in the
residential central air conditioner parts of the system from the
transformer) and integrate this power over a 5-minute interval.
Calculate the average power consumption of the fully unloaded
transformer, idle furnace, or idle modular blower over the
integration interval and designate it as PX. Subtract this average
power consumption (PX) from the previously calculated overall system
average power (P5) and designate it as P5X.
3.13.2.4 For blower coil residential central air conditioners,
round P5 to the nearest integer wattage value and record this
rounded value as both P1 and P2. For coil-only residential central
air conditioners, round P5X to the nearest integer wattage value and
record this rounded value as both P1 and P2. If the resulting P1 and
P2 are each less than 1 watt, assign each of them the value of zero.
3.13.3 For heat pumps not having a compressor crankcase heater,
conduct the following off-mode test.
3.13.3.1 Configure the controls of the heat pump to mimic the
operating mode as if connected to a building thermostat that is set
to the COOL mode but whose temperature setpoint is satisfied. No
requirements are placed on the ambient conditions within the indoor
and outdoor test rooms. The room conditions are allowed to change
for the duration of this particular test.
3.13.3.2 After the controls have been configured, wait at least
2 minutes. Then integrate the power consumption of the heat pump
over a 5-minute interval. This integrated power consumption must
include the power consumed by the low-voltage transformer and the
low-voltage components connected to it. Calculate the average power
consumption rate for the integration interval. Record this value as
P5C.
3.13.3.3 Reconfigure the controls of the heat pump to mimic the
operating mode as if connected to a building thermostat that is set
to the HEAT mode but with its temperature setpoint satisfied.
3.13.3.4 After the controls have been reconfigured, wait at
least 2 minutes. Then integrate the power consumption of the heat
pump over a 5-minute interval. Calculate the
[[Page 18118]]
average power consumption rate for the integration interval. Record
this value as P5H.
3.13.3.5 Power adjustment if testing a coil-only heat pump. For
coil-only heat pumps tested without an indoor blower installed, and
for heat pumps tested with a specific furnace or modular blower,
reduce the overall system off-mode power measurements, P5C and P5H,
by the power supplied to components not part of the heat pump. If
tested without an indoor blower, disconnect all low-voltage wiring
from the low-voltage transformer and integrate the power consumption
of the fully unloaded transformer over a 5-minute interval. If
tested and rated with a specific furnace or specific modular blower,
take steps to measure only the power supplied to the furnace or
modular blower while idle (i.e., disconnect the low-voltage wiring
for the components housed in the heat pump parts of the system from
the transformer) and integrate this power over a 5-minute interval.
Calculate the average power consumption of the fully unloaded
transformer, idle furnace, or idle modular blower over the
integration interval and designate it as PX. Subtract this average
power consumption (PX) from the previously calculated overall system
average power values (P5C and P5H) and designate the differences as
P5CX and P5HX.
3.13.3.6 For blower coil heat pumps, calculate P1 = (P5C + P5H)/
2 and round to the nearest integer wattage. For coil-only heat
pumps, calculate P1 = (P5CX + P5HX)/2 and round to the nearest
integer wattage.
3.13.4 For residential central air conditioners having a
compressor crankcase heater whose on/off operation is either
unregulated or is regulated using only global control, conduct the
following off-mode test.
3.13.4.1 Configure the controls of the residential central air
conditioner to mimic the operating mode as if connected to a
building thermostat set to the OFF position and then wait at least 2
minutes.
3.13.4.2 If the compressor crankcase heater is unregulated and
so operates continuously when the unit is sitting idle, assign T00 =
T100 = 75 [deg]F. Skip to section 3.13.4.5.
3.13.4.3 If the compressor crankcase heater is regulated using
global control, conduct the following steps. If the manufacturer-
provided T00 is greater than or equal to 75 [deg]F, T00 and T100 are
deemed verified; skip to section 3.13.4.5. Otherwise, first evaluate
T00 and T100 as described in section 3.13.4.4.
3.13.4.4 If the compressor crankcase heater is regulated using
global control and the manufacturer-provided T00 is less than 75
[deg]F, position a lab-added temperature sensor in the air between 2
and 6 inches from the crankcase heater thermostat used for the
global control, or between 2 and 6 inches of the temperature sensor
used by the crankcase heater's global controller. For this off-mode
test only, use this lab-added temperature sensor to measure the
outdoor dry bulb temperature. Also, monitor the power measurement
that includes the crankcase heater to provide an indication of when
the crankcase heater is on versus off. Maintain the dry bulb
temperature in the indoor test room between 75 [deg]F and 85 [deg]F.
If the crankcase heater is energized by the global control
device at the beginning of this evaluation process, achieve a dry
bulb temperature in the outdoor test room that is equal to or less
than the quantity of T100--5 [deg]F, where T100 is the manufacturer
provided value, and wait for 30 minutes. Thereafter, increase the
dry bulb temperature in the outdoor test room in increments of no
more than 1 [deg]F per 5 minutes until the crankcase heater cycles
off. When the heater cycles off, record the reading of the lab-added
temperature sensor. If this reading is within 5 [deg]F
of the manufacturer-provided T100, then the manufacturer-provided
value is deemed verified; otherwise, round the measured temperature
of the lab-added sensor to the nearest 5 [deg]F increment relative
to a 65 [deg]F reference (e.g., 65 [deg]F, 70 [deg]F, 75 [deg]F, * *
* or 60 [deg]F, 55 [deg]F, 50 [deg]F, * * *) and designate this
rounded value as the new T100. If the crankcase heater cycled off
prior to beginning the 1 [deg]F per 5 minute increases within the
outdoor test room, the evaluation of T100 must be repeated after
first evaluating T00 as described below. For this second attempt at
evaluating T100, begin the 1 [deg]F per 5 minute increases after
achieving a steady outdoor temperature for at least 30 minutes
during which the heater does not cycle off.
Next, achieve a dry bulb temperature in the outdoor test room
that is equal to or greater than the quantity of T00 + 5 [deg]F,
where T00 is the manufacturer provided value, and wait for 30
minutes. Thereafter, begin decreasing the dry bulb temperature in
the outdoor test room in increments of no more than 1 [deg]F per 5
minutes until the crankcase heater cycles on. When the heater cycles
on, record the reading of the lab-added temperature sensor. If this
reading is within 5 [deg]F of the manufacturer-provided
T00, then the manufacturer-provided value is deemed verified;
otherwise, round the measured temperature of the lab-added sensor to
the nearest 5 [deg]F increment relative to a 65 [deg]F reference
(e.g., 65 [deg]F, 70 [deg]F, 75 [deg]F, * * * or 60 [deg]F, 55
[deg]F, 50 [deg]F, * * *) and designate this rounded value as the
new T00. If the crankcase heater cycled on prior to beginning the 1
[deg]F per 5 minute decreases within the outdoor test room, the
evaluation of T00 must be repeated after first evaluating T100 as
described above. For this second attempt at evaluating T00, begin
the 1 [deg]F per 5 minute decreases after achieving a steady outdoor
temperature for at least 30 minutes during which the heater does not
cycle on.
If the crankcase heater is de-energized at the beginning of this
evaluation process, reverse the steps described above: evaluate T00
and then T100.
3.13.4.5 For crankcase heaters that are the fixed output type,
conduct the average power consumption measurement(s) described in
3.13.4.5.1. For crankcase heaters that are the self-regulating type,
conduct the average power consumption measurements described in
3.13.4.5.2.
3.13.4.5.1 If the crankcase heater is a fixed output type,
integrate the power consumption of the residential central air
conditioner over a 5-minute interval when the crankcase heater is on
continuously. The temperature in the outdoor test room may need to
be lowered to activate the heater for this test. This integration
period may be conducted in combination with the steps described in
section 3.13.4.4. The temperature of the outdoor test room is
allowed to vary during the 5-minute data collection interval.
Calculate the average power consumption rate for the integration
interval and record it as P5N.
If T00 is less than 75 [deg]F, also integrate the power
consumption of the residential central air conditioner over a 5-
minute interval where the crankcase heater is off for the entire
interval. The temperature in the outdoor test room may need to be
increased to deactivate the heater for this test. Disconnecting the
power to the heater is also permitted to temporarily disable it and
obtain the off-mode power corresponding to no crankcase heater
operation. The power integration period may be conducted in
combination with the steps described in section 3.13.4.4. The
temperature of the outdoor test room is allowed to vary during the
5-minute data collection interval. Calculate the average power from
the integration interval and record it as P5F.
The integrated power consumption measurements P5N and P5F,
described above, must include the power consumed by the low-voltage
transformer and the low-voltage components connected to it.
3.13.4.5.1.1 For coil-only residential central air conditioners
tested without an indoor blower installed and for residential
central air conditioners tested with a specific furnace or modular
blower, reduce the overall system off-mode power measurements, P5N
and P5F, by the power supplied to the components that are not part
of the residential central air conditioner. If tested without an
indoor blower, disconnect all low-voltage wiring from the low-
voltage transformer and integrate the power consumption of the fully
unloaded transformer over a 5-minute interval. If tested and rated
with a specific furnace or specific modular blower, measure only the
power supplied to the furnace or modular blower while idle (e.g.,
disconnect the low-voltage wiring for the components housed in the
residential central air conditioner parts of the system from the
transformer) and integrate this power over a 5-minute interval.
Calculate the average power consumption of the fully unloaded
transformer, idle furnace, or idle modular blower for the
integration interval and designate it as PX. Subtract this average
power consumption (PX) from the previously calculated overall system
average power to obtain the adjusted values. Calculate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.008
3.13.4.5.1.2 For blower-coil residential central air
conditioners, set PCC = P5N and PNC = P5F.
3.13.4.5.2 If the crankcase heater is a self-regulating type,
either three or four data collection intervals are required. Prior
to beginning a data collection interval, maintain the outdoor room
temperature at a nominally steady value that is between T00 and
T00--
[[Page 18119]]
10 [deg]F for at least 15 minutes. Also, for at least 5 minutes
prior to the start of a data collection interval, operate with the
crankcase heater on. Then, with the crankcase heater remaining on
continuously, record the power consumption of the residential
central air conditioner and the outdoor room temperature at equal
time intervals that each span 5 minutes or less. Discontinue the
data collection when the outdoor room temperature varies 2 [deg]F or
less over at least a 3-hour interval; do not collect data for more
than 24 hours. From power data recorded during the last 15 minutes
of the data collection interval, calculate an average value and
record it as P15.
If the data collection interval is 20 hours or longer, set P241
equal to P15. Otherwise, curve fit the collected power [POM
([tau]OM)] versus elapsed time ([tau]OM) data from the data
collection interval using the designated equation and determine the
value of each curve fit constant U, V, W, and if applicable, Y. If
the power data are generally decreasing with time over the data
collection interval, use Equation 13.3-1; if the power data are
generally increasing with time over the data collection interval,
use Equation 13.3-2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.009
Evaluate the equation for an elapsed time of 24 hours ([tau]OM =
24 hours); make sure to express the elapsed time in the same units
as used for the curve fit. If Equation 13.3-1 is used and the
calculated value of power consumption at 24 hours is greater than
P15, then set P241 equal to P15. If Equation 13.3-1 is used and the
calculated value of power consumption at 24 hours is less than 0.85
x P15, then set P241 equal to 0.85 x P15. If Equation 13.3-2 is used
and the calculated value of power consumption at 24 hours is less
than P15, then set P241 equal to P15. If Equation 13.3-2 is used and
the calculated value of power consumption at 24 hours is greater
than 1.15 x P15, then set P241 equal to 1.15 x P15. Otherwise, set
the off-mode power P241 equal to POM(24 hr). Also calculate the
average outdoor room temperature for the data collection interval
and record it as TCC1.
Repeat the above steps, only now at an outdoor test room
temperature that is 25 [deg]F to 35 [deg]F lower than TCC1. Record
the predicted power as P242 and the average outdoor temperature as
TCC2.
If T00 is less than 75 [deg]F, also integrate the power
consumption of the residential central air conditioner over a 5-
minute interval where the crankcase heater is off for the entire
interval. The temperature in the outdoor test room may need to be
increased to deactivate the heater for this test. Disconnecting the
power to the heater is also permitted to temporarily disable it and
obtain the off-mode power corresponding to no crankcase heater
operation. The power integration period may be conducted in
combination with the steps described in section 3.13.4.4. The
temperature of the outdoor test room is allowed to vary during this
5-minute data collection interval. Calculate the average power from
the integration interval and record it as P5F.
The above-described integrated power consumption measurements--
P241, P242, and P5F--must include the power consumed by the low-
voltage transformer and the low-voltage components connected to it.
3.13.4.5.2.1 For coil-only residential central air conditioners
tested without an indoor blower installed and for residential
central air conditioners tested and rated with a specific furnace or
modular blower, reduce the overall system off-mode power
measurements P241, P242, and P5F by the power supplied to the
components that are not part of the residential central air
conditioner. If tested without an indoor blower, disconnect all low-
voltage wiring from the low-voltage transformer and integrate the
power consumption of the full unloaded transformer over a 5-minute
interval. If tested and rated with a specific furnace or a specific
modular blower, measure only the power supplied to the furnace or
modular blower while idle (e.g., disconnect the low-voltage wiring
for the components housed in the residential central air conditioner
parts of the system from the transformer) and integrate this power
over a 5-minute interval. Calculate the average power consumption of
the fully unloaded transformer, idle furnace, or idle modular blower
for the integration interval and designate it as PX. Subtract this
average power consumption (PX) from the previously calculated
overall system average power values to obtain the adjusted values.
Calculate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.010
3.13.4.5.2.2 For blower-coil residential central air
conditioners, set PCC1 = P241, PCC2 = P242, and PNC = P5F.
3.13.5 For residential central air conditioners having a
compressor crankcase heater that is regulated using only local
control, conduct the following off-mode test.
3.13.5.1 Configure the controls of the residential central air
conditioner to mimic the operating mode as if connected to a
building thermostat set to the OFF position.
3.13.5.2 Obtain and maintain an outdoor room temperature that is
any temperature between 60 [deg]F and 70 [deg]F. Collect data over
each complete ON + OFF cycle of the crankcase heater, from heater
initiation to heater initiation. Integrate the power consumption of
the residential central air conditioner and record outdoor room
temperature during each complete cycle. Calculate the average power
and average outdoor room temperature from each ON + OFF complete
cycle and record them as PLC1 and TCC1, respectively. The elapsed
time between the start of the first crankcase heater ON cycle and
the test termination must be a minimum of 3 hours. Terminate the
test when PLC1 changes by 1 watt or less for consecutive cycles and
the outdoor temperature changes 2 [deg]F or less over the entire
interval required for the final two ON + OFF cycles. As an
alternative to waiting until this test termination criteria is
satisfied, the manufacturer can choose to terminate the test when at
least three consecutive ON + OFF cycles occur where the average
power from each cycle is less than the average power from the prior
cycle and the outdoor temperature changes 2 [deg]F or less over the
entire interval required for the final three ON + OFF cycles. Save
the PLC1 and TCC1 from the final cycle. Repeat these steps, only now
at an outdoor test room temperature that is 25 [deg]F to 35 [deg]F
lower than TCC1. Record the average values from the final ON + OFF
complete cycle as PLC2 and TCC2. The integrated power consumption
measurements must include the power consumed by the low-voltage
transformer and the low-voltage components connected to it.
3.13.5.3 For coil-only residential central air conditioners
tested without an indoor blower installed and for residential
central air conditioners tested with a specific furnace or modular
blower, reduce the overall system off-mode power measurement--PLC1
and PLC2--by power supplied to the components that are not part of
the residential central air conditioner. If tested without an indoor
blower, disconnect all low-voltage wiring from the low-voltage
transformer and integrate the power consumption of the fully
unloaded transformer over a 5-minute interval. If tested and rated
with a specific furnace or specific modular blower, measure only the
power supplied to the furnace or modular blower while idle (i.e.,
disconnect the low-voltage wiring for the components housed in the
residential central air conditioner parts of the system from the
transformer) and integrate this power over a 5-minute interval.
Calculate the average
[[Page 18120]]
power consumption of the fully unloaded transformer, idle furnace,
or idle modular blower for the integration interval and designate it
as PX. Subtract this average power consumption from the previously
calculated overall system average power values to obtain the
adjusted values. Calculate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.011
3.13.5.4 For blower-coil residential central air conditioners,
set PCC1 = PLC1 and PCC2 = PLC2.
3.13.6 For residential central air conditioners having a
compressor crankcase heater that is regulated using both local and
global control, conduct the following off-mode test.
3.13.6.1 Configure the controls of the residential central air
conditioner to mimic the operating mode as if connected to a
building thermostat set to the OFF position. If the manufacturer-
provided T00 is greater than or equal to 75 [deg]F, T00 and T100 are
deemed verified; conduct the testing specified in section 3.13.5 to
determine PCC1, TCC1, PCC2, and TCC2. Otherwise, first evaluate T00
and T100 as described in section 3.13.4.4. In conducting the
procedure specified in section 3.13.4.4, either temporarily disable
the local control or confirm that the lab-derived values for T00 and
T100 correspond to the global control and not the local control of
the crankcase heater. Thereafter, determine PCC1, TCC1, PCC2, and
TCC2, as specified in section 3.13.5, only now conducting the first
multiple ON + OFF cycle test at an outdoor temperature between T00
and T00-10 [deg]F, rather than between 60 [deg]F and 70 [deg]F.
3.13.6.2 If T00 is less than 75 [deg]F, also integrate the power
consumption of the residential central air conditioner over a 5-
minute interval where the crankcase heater is off for the entire
interval. The temperature in the outdoor test room may need to be
increased to deactivate the heater for this test. Disconnecting the
power to the heater is also permitted to temporarily disable it and
obtain the off-mode power corresponding to no crankcase heater
operation. The power integration period may be conducted in
combination with the steps described in section 3.13.4.4. The
temperature of the outdoor test room is allowed to vary during the
5-minute data collection interval. Calculate the average power from
the integration interval and record it as P5F. This quantity, P5F,
must include the power consumed by the low-voltage transformer and
the low-voltage components connected to it.
3.13.6.2.1 For coil-only residential central air conditioners
tested without an indoor blower installed and for residential
central air conditioners tested with a specific furnace or modular
blower, reduce P5F by the average power determined from the 5-minute
power integration test described in 3.13.5.3 that corresponds to the
fully unloaded transformer, idle furnace, or idle modular blower
(PX). Record this adjusted value as PNC.
3.13.6.2.2 For blower-coil residential central air conditioners,
set PNC = P5F.
3.13.7 For heat pumps having a compressor crankcase heater whose
on/off operation is either unregulated or regulated using only
global control, conduct the following off-mode test.
3.13.7.1 Configure the controls of the heat pump to mimic the
operating mode as if connected to a building thermostat that is set
to the COOL mode but whose temperature setpoint is satisfied. Wait
at least 2 minutes.
3.13.7.2 If the compressor crankcase heater is unregulated and
therefore operates continuously when the unit is sitting idle,
assign T00 = T100 = 75 [deg]F. Skip to section 3.13.7.5.
3.13.7.3 If the compressor crankcase heater is regulated using
global control, conduct the following steps. If the manufacturer-
provided T00 is greater than or equal to 75 [deg]F, T00 and T100 are
deemed verified; skip to section 3.13.7.5. Otherwise, first evaluate
T00 and T100 as described in section 3.13.7.4.
3.13.7.4 If the compressor crankcase heater is regulated using
global control and the manufacturer-provided T00 is less than 75
[deg]F, verify or determine T00 and T100 as specified in section
3.13.4. 4.
3.13.7.5 If T100 is less than 55 [deg]F, calculate the off-mode
power consumption as designated for a heat pump not having a
crankcase heater, as per Section 3.13.3. Otherwise, for crankcase
heaters that are the fixed output type, conduct the average power
consumption measurement(s) described in 3.13.7.5.1. For crankcase
heaters that are the self-regulating type, conduct the average power
consumption measurements described in 3.13.7.5.2.
3.13.7.5.1 If the crankcase heater is a fixed output type,
integrate the power consumption of the heat pump over a 5-minute
interval when the crankcase heater is on continuously. The
temperature in the outdoor test room may need to be lowered to
activate the heater for this test. This integration period may be
conducted in combination with the steps described in section
3.13.4.4. The temperature of the outdoor test room is allowed to
vary during the 5-minute data collection interval. Calculate the
average power from the integration interval and record it as P5N.
3.13.7.5.2 If the crankcase heater is a self-regulating type,
maintain the outdoor room temperature at a nominally steady value
that is between 70 [deg]F and 75 [deg]F or between T100-3 [deg]F and
T100-8 [deg]F, whichever is lower, for at least 15 minutes prior to
beginning a data collection interval. Also, for at least 5 minutes
prior to the start of a data collection interval, operate with the
crankcase heater on. Then, with the crankcase heater remaining on
continuously, record the power consumption of the heat pump and the
outdoor room temperature at equal time intervals that each span 5
minutes or less. Discontinue the data collection when the outdoor
room temperature varies 2 [deg]F or less over at least a 3-hour
interval; do not collect data for more than 24 hours. From power
data recorded during the last 15 minutes of the data collection
interval, calculate an average value and record it as P15.
If the data collection interval is 20 hours or longer, set P241
equal to P15. Otherwise, curve fit the collected data, determine the
curve fit constants, and evaluate the power quantity P241 and the
average outdoor room temperature TCC1 as specified in section
3.13.4.5.2. Repeat these steps, only now at an outdoor test room
temperature that is 7 [deg]F to 12 [deg]F lower than TCC1. Record
the power quantity as P242 and the average outdoor temperature as
TCC2.
3.13.7.6 Integrate the power consumption of the heat pump over a
5-minute interval where the crankcase heater is off for the entire
interval. The temperature in the outdoor test room may need to be
increased to deactivate the heater for this test. Disconnecting the
power to the heater to temporarily disable it is also permitted. The
integration period may be conducted in combination with the steps
described in section 3.13.4.4. The temperature of the outdoor test
room is allowed to vary during this 5-minute data collection
interval. Calculate the average power from the integration interval
and record it as P5FC.
Reconfigure the controls of the heat pump to mimic the operating
mode if connected to a building thermostat that is set to the HEAT
mode but whose temperature setpoint is satisfied. Wait at least 2
minutes. Then integrate the power consumption of the heat pump over
a 5-minute interval where the crankcase heater is off for the entire
interval. Calculate the average power from the integration interval
and record it as P5FH. Calculate the mean of the two average power
measurements where the crankcase heater was off and designate the
average value as P5F = ([P5FC + P5FH]/2).
3.13.7.7 The integrated power consumption measurements must
include the power consumed by the low-voltage transformer and the
low-voltage components connected to it.
3.13.7.8 For coil-only heat pumps tested without an indoor
blower installed and for heat pumps tested with a specific furnace
or modular blower, reduce the overall system off-mode power
measurements--P5N, P5FC, and P5F or P241, P242, P5FC, and P5F--by
power supplied to the components not part of the heat pump. If
tested without an indoor blower, disconnect all low-voltage wiring
from the low-voltage transformer and integrate the power consumption
of the fully unloaded transformer over a 5-minute interval. If
tested with a specific furnace or specific modular blower, measure
only the power supplied to the furnace or modular blower while idle
(e.g., disconnect the low-voltage wiring for the components housed
in the heat pump parts of the system) and integrate this power over
a 5-minute interval. Calculate the average power consumption of the
fully unloaded transformer, idle furnace, or idle modular blower for
the integration interval and designate it as PX. Subtract this
average power consumption from the previously calculated overall
system average power values to obtain the adjusted values. For heat
pumps having a fixed-output type crankcase heater, calculate:
[[Page 18121]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.012
For heat pumps having a self-regulating type crankcase heater,
calculate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.013
3.13.7.9 For blower-coil heat pumps having a fixed output type
crankcase heater, set PCC = P5N, PCNC = P5FC, and PNC = P5F. For
blower-coil heat pumps having a self-regulating type crankcase
heater, set PCC1 = P241, PCC2 = P242, PCNC = P5FC, and PNC = P5F.
3.13.8 For heat pumps having a compressor crankcase heater that
is regulated using only local control, conduct the following off-
mode test.
3.13.8.1 Configure the controls of the heat pump to mimic the
operating mode if connected to a building thermostat that is set to
the COOL mode with its temperature setpoint satisfied.
3.13.8.2 Obtain and maintain an outdoor room temperature that is
between 64 [deg]F and 66 [deg]F. Collect data over each complete ON
+ OFF cycles of the crankcase heater, from heater initiation to
heater initiation. Integrate the power consumption of the heat pump
and record outdoor room temperature during each complete cycle.
Calculate the average power and average outdoor room temperature
from each ON + OFF complete cycle and record them as PLC and TCC,
respectively. The elapsed time between the start of the first
crankcase heater ON cycle and the test termination must be a minimum
of 3 hours. Terminate the test when: (1) PLC changes 1 watt or less
for consecutive cycles, (2) the TCC for each of the final two
complete cycles is between 64 [deg]F and 66 [deg]F, and (3) the
outdoor temperature changes 2 [deg]F or less over the entire
interval required for the final two ON + OFF cycles. As an
alternative to waiting until these test termination criteria are
satisfied, the manufacturer may choose to terminate the test when:
(1) at least three consecutive ON + OFF cycles occur where the
average power from each cycle is less than the average power from
the prior cycle, (2) the TCC for each of the final three complete
cycles is between 64 [deg]F and 66 [deg]F, and (3) the outdoor
temperature changes 2 [deg]F or less over the entire interval
required for the final three ON + OFF cycles. Save the PLC from the
final cycle.
3.13.8.3 Next, integrate the power consumption of the heat pump
over a 5-minute interval where the crankcase heater is off for the
entire interval. Take whatever steps are needed to deactivate the
heater for this test. Disconnecting the power to the heater is
permitted. The temperature of the outdoor test room is allowed to
vary during this 5-minute data collection interval. Calculate the
average power from the integration interval and record it as P5FC.
Reconfigure the controls of the heat pump to mimic the operating
mode as if connected to a building thermostat that is set to the
HEAT mode but whose temperature setpoint is satisfied. Wait at least
2 minutes. Then, integrate the power consumption of the heat pump
over a 5-minute interval where the crankcase heater is off for the
entire interval. Calculate the average power from the integration
interval and record it as P5FH. Calculate the mean of the two
average power measurements where the crankcase heater was off and
designate this mean value as P5F = [(P5FC + P5FH)/2].
3.13.8.4 The integrated power consumption measurements specified
in sections 3.13.8.2 and 3.13.8.3 must include the power consumed by
the low-voltage transformer and the low-voltage components connected
to it.
3.13.8.5 For coil-only heat pumps tested without an indoor
blower installed and for heat pumps tested with a specific furnace
or modular blower, reduce the overall system off-mode power
measurements--PLC, P5FC, and P5F--by power supplied to the
components that are not part of the heat pump. If tested without an
indoor blower, disconnect all low-voltage wiring from the low-
voltage transformer and integrate the power consumption of the fully
unloaded transformer over a 5-minute interval. If tested with a
specific furnace or specific modular blower, measure only the power
supplied to the furnace or modular blower while idle (e.g.,
disconnect the low-voltage wiring for the components housed in the
heat pump parts of the system) and integrate this power over a 5-
minute interval. Calculate the average power consumption of the
fully unloaded transformer, idle furnace, or idle modular blower for
the integration interval and designate it as PX. Subtract this
average power consumption from the previously calculated overall
system average power values to obtain the adjusted values.
Calculate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.014
3.13.8.6 For blower-coil heat pumps, set PCC = PLC, PCNC = P5FC,
and PNC = P5F.
3.13.9 For heat pumps having a compressor crankcase heater that
is regulated using both local and global control, conduct the
following off-mode test.
3.13.9.1 Configure the controls of the heat pump to mimic the
operating mode as if connected to a building thermostat that is set
to the COOL mode and its temperature setpoint is satisfied.
3.13.9.2 If the manufacturer-provided T00 is greater than or
equal to 75 [deg]F, T00 and T100 are deemed verified; conduct the
testing specified in section 3.13.8 to determine PCC, PCNC, and PNC.
Otherwise, first evaluate T00 and T100 as described in section
3.13.7.4. In conducting the procedure specified in section 3.13.7.4,
take steps to either temporarily disable the local control or to
confirm that the lab-derived values for T00 and T100 correspond to
the global thermostatic control and not the local thermostatic
control. Thereafter, determine PCC, PCNC, and PNC as specified in
section 3.13.8, only now conducting the ON + OFF complete cyclic
test at an average outdoor temperature that is within 1
[deg]F of the quantity \1/2\ x [55 [deg]F + (T00 + T100)/2], rather
than a value that is between 64 [deg]F and 66 [deg]F.
* * * * *
4. * * *
* * * * *
4.2.6 Off-mode seasonal power and energy consumption
calculations.
4.2.6.1 Off-mode seasonal power consumption for the shoulder
season, P1. For residential central air conditioners and heat pumps,
the off-mode power consumption for the shoulder seasons is a single
value that applies for all locations. Calculate P1 as specified in
4.2.6.1.1 to 4.2.6.1.3.4.
4.2.6.1.1 Residential central air conditioners and heat pumps
that do not have a compressor crankcase heater. For residential
central air conditioners and heat pumps not having a compressor
crankcase heater, assign P1 as specified in sections 3.13.2 and
3.13.3, respectively.
4.2.6.1.2 Residential central air conditioners that have a
compressor crankcase heater. Evaluate P1 using
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.015
where the off-mode power values for the four outdoor
temperatures depend on whether the heater is thermostatically
controlled and, in some cases, whether the crankcase heater is a
fixed output type or a self-regulating type. The thermostatic
control may qualify as global, local, or both--see definitions 1.53
and 1.54. The most common example of global control is a crankcase
heater that is regulated by an outdoor temperature thermostat.
4.2.6.1.2.1 Residential central air conditioner crankcase heater
is unregulated. For fixed-output type crankcase heaters, set P1 =
PCC, as determined in section 3.13.4.5.1 and its subsections, and
round to the nearest
[[Page 18122]]
integer watt. For self-regulating type crankcase heaters, evaluate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.016
PCC1, PCC2, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as specified in
section 3.13.4.5.2 and its subsections.
4.2.6.1.2.2 Residential central air conditioner crankcase heater
is regulated using only global control.
If the residential central air conditioner's T00 is greater than
or equal to 75 [deg]F, determine the shoulder season off-mode power
consumption as specified in sections 4.2.6.1.2 and 4.2.6.1.2.1. If
T00 is less than 75 [deg]F, use the following. For fixed-output type
crankcase heaters, calculate
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.017
PCC and PNC are determined as specified in section 3.13.4.5.1
and its subsections, and
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.018
T00 and T100 are determined as specified in 3.13.4.3 or
3.13.4.4.
For self-regulating type crankcase heaters, calculate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.019
PCC1, PCC2, PNC, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as specified in
section 3.13.4.5.2 and its subsections, and FCC(Tj) is calculated as
shown above.
4.2.6.1.2.3 Residential central air conditioner crankcase heater
is regulated using only local control.
For both fixed-output type and self-regulating type crankcase
heaters, calculate
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.020
PCC1, PCC2, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as specified in
section 3.13.5.
4.2.6.1.2.4 Residential central air conditioner crankcase heater
is regulated using both global and local control. If the heat pump's
T00 is greater than or equal to 75 [deg]F, determine the off-mode
power consumption as specified in sections 4.2.6.1.2 and
4.2.6.1.2.3. If T00 is less than 75 [deg]F, use the following. For
both fixed-output type and self-regulating type crankcase heaters,
calculate
[[Page 18123]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.021
PCC1, PCC2, PNC, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as specified in
section 3.13.6 and FCC(Tj) is calculated as shown in section
4.2.6.1.2.2.
4.2.6.1.3 Heat pumps that have a compressor crankcase heater.
The calculations for the heat pump's shoulder season off-mode power
value depends on whether the heater is thermostatically controlled
and, in some cases, whether the crankcase heater is a fixed-output
type or a self-regulating type. The thermostatic control may qualify
as global, local, or both--see definitions 1.53 and 1.54.
4.2.6.1.3.1 Heat pump crankcase heater is unregulated. For
fixed-output type crankcase heaters, evaluate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.022
PCC, PCNC, and PNC are determined as specified in section 3.13.7
and its subsections.
For self-regulating type crankcase heaters, evaluate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.023
PCC1, PCC2, PCNC, PNC, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as
specified in section 3.13.7 and its subsections.
4.2.6.1.3.2 Heat pump crankcase heater is regulated using only
global control. If the heat pump's T00 is greater than or equal to
75 [deg]F, determine the shoulder season off-mode power consumption
as specified in section 4.2.6.1.3.1. If the heat pump's T100 is less
than 55 [deg]F, determine the shoulder season off-mode power
consumption as designated for a heat pump not having a crankcase
heater, as per section 4.2.6.1.1. If T00 is less than 75 [deg]F and
T100 is greater than 55 [deg]F, use the following:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.024
For fixed-output type crankcase heaters, calculate
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.025
PCC, PCNC, and PNC are determined as specified in Section 3.13.7
and its subsections, and
[[Page 18124]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.026
T00 and T100 are determined as specified in 3.13.7.3 or
3.13.7.4.
For self-regulating type crankcase heaters, calculate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.027
PCC1, PCC2, PCNC, PNC, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as
specified in section 3.13.7 and its subsections, and FCC(Tj) is
calculated as shown above.
4.2.6.1.3.3 Heat pump crankcase heater is regulated using local
control. For both fixed-output type and self-regulating type
crankcase heaters, calculate
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.028
PCC, PCNC, and PNC are determined as specified in section 3.13.8
and its subsections.
4.2.6.1.3.4 Heat pump crankcase heater is regulated using both
global and local control. If the heat pump's T00 is greater than or
equal to 75 [deg]F, determine the shoulder season off-mode power
consumption as specified in section 4.2.6.1.3.1. If the heat pump's
T100 is less than 55 [deg]F, determine the shoulder season off-mode
power consumption as designated for a heat pump not having a
crankcase heater, as per section 4.2.6.1.1. If T00 is less than 75
[deg]F and T100 is greater than 55 [deg]F, use the following. For
both fixed-output type and self-regulating type crankcase heaters,
calculate
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.029
PCC, PCNC, and PNC are determined as specified in section 3.13.9
and its subsections, and FCC(Tj) is calculated as shown in section
4.2.6.1.3.2.
4.2.6.2 Off-mode seasonal power consumption for residential
central air conditioners during the heating season, P2. For
residential central air conditioners, the off-mode seasonal power
consumption for the heating season is calculated as a single value
that depends on the bin weather distribution. Refer to Table 18 for
the fractional bin hour distribution, nj/N, for the six generalized
climatic regions depicted in Figure 2. The calculation of P2, in
addition, varies for different types of systems. For residential
central air conditioners having a compressor crankcase heater, for
example, the off-mode power consumption depends on whether the
heater is thermostatically controlled and, in some cases, whether
the crankcase heater is a fixed-output type or a self-regulating
type. The thermostatic control may qualify as global, local, or
both--see definitions 1.53 and 1.54. The most common example of
global control is a crankcase heater that is regulated by an outdoor
temperature thermostat. In all cases, round P2 to the nearest
integer watt.
Heat pumps do not have a P2 rating because they are either in an
active mode or a standby mode during the heating season, with their
seasonal heating performance being represented by their HSPF rating.
4.2.6.2.1 Residential central air conditioners that do not have
a compressor crankcase heater. For residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps not having a compressor crankcase
heater, assign P2 as specified in section 3.13.2.
4.2.6.2.2 Residential central air conditioners that have a
compressor crankcase heater that is unregulated. For fixed-output
type crankcase heaters, set P2 = PCC, as determined in sections
3.13.4.2 and 3.13.4.5 and their subsections. For self-regulating
type crankcase heaters, evaluate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.030
PCC1, PCC2, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as specified in
section 3.13.4.5 and its subsections.
4.2.6.2.3 Residential central air conditioners that have a
compressor crankcase heater that is regulated using global control.
If the residential central air conditioner's T00 is greater than or
equal to 65 [deg]F, determine the heating season off-mode power
consumption as specified in section 4.2.6.2.2. If T00 is less than
65 [deg]F, use the following:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.031
[[Page 18125]]
For fixed-output type crankcase heaters,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.032
PCC and PNC are determined as specified in section 3.13.4.5 and
its subsections, and
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.033
T00 and T100 are determined as specified in 3.13.4.3 or
3.13.4.4.
For self-regulating type crankcase heaters,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.034
PCC1, PCC2, PNC, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as specified in
section 3.13.4.5 and its subsections, and FCC(Tj) is calculated as
shown above.
4.2.6.2.4 Residential central air conditioners that have a
compressor crankcase heater that is regulated using local control.
For both fixed-output type and self-regulating type crankcase
heaters, calculate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.035
PCC1, PCC2, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as specified in
section 3.13.5 and its subsections.
4.2.6.2.5 Residential central air conditioners that have a
compressor crankcase heater that is regulated using both global and
local control. If the heat pump's T00 is greater than or equal to 65
[deg]F, determine the off-mode power consumption as specified in
section 4.2.6.2.4. If T00 is less than 65 [deg]F, use the following.
For both fixed-output type and self-regulating type crankcase
heaters,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.036
[[Page 18126]]
PCC1, PCC2, PNC, TCC1, and TCC2 are determined as specified in
section 3.13.6 and its subsections, and FCC(Tj) is calculated as
shown in section 4.2.6.2.3.
4.2.6.3 National-average off-mode power rating. For residential
central air conditioners, combine the off-mode power rating for the
shoulder season, P1, with the off-mode seasonal power rating for the
heating season, P2, by weighting these ratings with respect to the
lengths of respective national average seasons: 739 hours for the
shoulder seasons and 5,216 hours for the heating season.
For residential central air conditioners: PWOFF = PWOFF = 0.124
x P1 + 0.876 x P2
For heat pumps, assign PWOFF = P1
4.2.6.4 Off-mode seasonal energy consumption.
4.2.6.4.1 For the shoulder seasons. Calculate the off-mode
energy consumption for the shoulder season, E1, using
E1 = P1 [middot] SSH
where P1 is determined as specified in section 4.2.8.1 and the SSH
are provided in Table 19 for the six generalized climatic regions
along with the national average rating values.
Table 20--Representative Cooling and Heating Load Hours and the Corresponding Set of Seasonal Hours for Each
Generalized Climatic Region
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shoulder
Climatic region Cooling load Heating load Cooling season Heating season season hours
hours CLHR hours HLHR hours CSHR hours HSHR SSHR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I............................... 2400 750 6731 1826 203
II.............................. 1800 1250 5048 3148 564
III............................. 1200 1750 3365 4453 942
IV.............................. 800 2250 2244 5643 873
Rating Values................... 1000 2080 2805 5216 739
V............................... 400 2750 1122 6956 682
VI.............................. 200 2750 561 6258 1941
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.2.6.4.2 For the heating season--residential central air
conditioners only. Calculate the off-mode energy consumption of a
residential central air conditioner during the heating season, E2,
using
E2 = P2 [middot] HSH
where P2 is determined as specified in section 4.2.6.2 and the HSH
are provided in Table 19 for the six generalized climatic regions
along with the national average rating values.
* * * * *
4.3.1 Calculation of actual regional annual performance factors
(APFA) for a particular location and for each
standardized design heating requirement.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.037
where,
CLHA = the actual cooling hours for a particular location
as determined using the map given in Figure 3, hr.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.999
= the space cooling capacity of the unit as determined from the A
or A2 Test, whichever applies, Btu/h.
HLHA = the actual heating hours for a particular location
as determined using the map given in Figure 2, hr.
DHR = the design heating requirement used in determining the HSPF;
refer to section 4.2 and definition 1.22, Btu/h.
C = defined in section 4.2 following Equation 4.2-2, dimensionless.
SEER = the seasonal energy efficiency ratio calculated as specified
in section 4.1, Btu/W [middot] h.
HSPF = the heating seasonal performance factor calculated as
specified in section 4.2 for the generalized climatic region that
includes the particular location of interest (see Figure 2), Btu/
W[middot]h. The HSPF should correspond to the actual design heating
requirement (DHR), if known. If it does not, it may correspond to
one of the standardized design heating requirements referenced in
section 4.2.
P1 = the off-mode seasonal power consumption for the shoulder
season, as determined in section 4.2.6.1, W, and
P2 = the off-mode seasonal power consumption for the heating season,
as determined in section 4.2.6.2, W.
Evaluate the HSH using
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.038
Where TOD and nj/N are listed in Table 19 and depend on the location
of interest relative to Figure 2. For the six generalized climatic
regions, this equation simplifies to the following set of equations:
Region I HSH = 2.4348 x HLH
Region II HSH = 2.5182 x HLH
Region III HSH = 2.5444 x HLH
Region IV HSH = 2.5078 x HLH
Region V HSH = 2.5295 x HLH
Region VI HSH = 2.2757 x HLH
Evaluate the shoulder season hours using
SSH = 8760 - (CSH + HSH)
where,
CSH = the cooling season hours calculated using CSH = 2.8045 x CLH.
* * * * *
4.5 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) Calculations.
Calculate the energy efficiency ratio using,
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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP01AP11.039
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2011-7437 Filed 3-31-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P