[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 64 (Monday, April 4, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 18428-18445]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-7728]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
10 CFR Part 431
[Docket No. EERE-2010-BT-TP-0036]
RIN 1904-AC38
Energy Efficiency Program for Certain Commercial and Industrial
Equipment: Test Procedures for Automatic Commercial Ice Makers
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.
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SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to revise its
test procedure for automatic commercial ice makers (ACIM) established
under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act. This notice of proposed
rulemaking (NOPR) proposes to update the incorporation by reference of
industry test procedures to the most current published versions. The
current DOE test procedure applies to automatic commercial ice makers
that produce cube type ice. This NOPR proposes to expand coverage of
the test procedure to all batch type and continuous type ice makers
with capacities between 50 and 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours. A
batch type ice maker is defined as an ice maker with alternate freezing
and harvesting periods, including machines that produce cube type ice,
tube type ice, and fragmented ice. A continuous type ice maker is
defined as an ice maker that continually freezes and harvests ice at
the same time. Continuous type ice makers primarily produce flake or
nugget ice. DOE also proposes amendments to standardize test results
based on ice quality for continuous type ice makers, clarify the test
methods and reporting requirements for automatic ice makers designed to
be connected to a remote compressor rack, and provide test methods for
modulating capacity ice makers. Furthermore, DOE proposes to
discontinue the use of a clarified energy use equation.
The test procedure applies to automatic commercial ice makers as
defined in section 136 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Use of any
amended test procedures will be required on the compliance date of any
standards developed in the associated energy conservation standard
rulemaking. This notice announces a public meeting to discuss and
receive comments on the proposed test procedure amendments.
DATES: DOE will hold a public meeting in Washington, DC on April 29,
2011 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Additionally, DOE plans to make the public
meeting available via webinar. See section V, ``Public Participation,''
of this NOPR for webinar registration information, participant
instructions, and information about the capabilities available to
webinar participants.
DOE will accept comments, data, and other information regarding
this NOPR before or after the public meeting, but no later than June 3,
2011. See section V, ``Public Participation,'' for details.
ADDRESSES: The public meeting will be held at the U.S. Department of
Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 8E-089, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW.,
Washington, DC 20585-0121. To attend, please notify Ms. Brenda Edwards
at (202) 586-2945. Please note that foreign nationals planning to
participate in the public meeting are subject to advance security
screening procedures. Any foreign national wishing to participate in
the meeting should advise DOE as soon as possible by contacting Ms.
Brenda Edwards at (202) 586-2945 to initiate the necessary procedures.
Any comments submitted must identify the NOPR for test procedures
for automatic commercial ice makers, and provide docket number EERE-
2010-BT-TP-0036 or Regulation Identifier Number (RIN) 1904-AC38.
Comments may be submitted using any of the following methods:
Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
E-mail: [email protected]. Include the docket
number EERE-2010-BT-TP-0036 and/or RIN 1904-AC38 in the subject line of
the message.
Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy,
Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J, 1000 Independence
Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. If possible, please submit all
items on CD. It is not necessary to include printed copies.
Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department
of Energy, Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW.,
Suite 600, Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. If
possible, please submit all items on CD. It is not necessary to include
printed copies.
Written comments regarding the burden-hour estimates or other
aspects of the collection-of-information requirements contained in this
proposed rule may be submitted to Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy through the methods listed above and by e-mail to
[email protected].
Docket: The docket is available for review at regulations.gov,
including Federal Register notices, framework documents, public meeting
attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting
documents/materials. All documents in the docket are listed in the
regulations.gov index. However, not all documents listed in the index
may be publicly available, such as information that is exempt from
public disclosure. The regulations.gov web page will contain
instructions on how to access all documents in the docket, including
public comments.
The rulemaking web page can be found at: http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/automatic_ice_making_equipment.html. This web page contains a link
to the docket for this notice on regulations.gov.
For detailed instructions on submitting comments and additional
information on the rulemaking process, see section V, ``Public
Participation,'' of this document.
For further information on how to submit or review public comments,
participate in the public meeting, or view hard copies of the docket in
the Resource Room, contact Ms. Brenda Edwards at (202) 586-2945 or e-
mail: [email protected].
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Charles Llenza, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building
Technologies, EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC
20585-0121. Telephone: (202) 586-2192, [email protected].
In the Office of General Counsel contact Mr. Ari Altman, U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of General Counsel, GC-71, 1000
Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121, (202) 287-6307,
[email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background and Legal Authority
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
A. Proposed Test Procedure Amendments
B. Association With Energy Conservation Standards Rulemaking
III. Discussion
A. Summary of the Test Procedure Revisions
[[Page 18429]]
1. Update References to Industry Standards to Most Current
Versions
2. Expand Capacity Range to Larger Capacity Equipment
3. Include Test Methods for Continuous Type Ice Makers
a. Standardize Ice Quality for Continuous Type Ice Makers
4. Measure Potable Water Used To Produce Ice
a. Test Batch Type Ice Makers at the Highest Purge Setting
5. Provide a Test Method for Measuring Storage Bin Effectiveness
6. Provide a Test Method for Remote Condensing Automatic
Commercial Ice Makers
7. Provide a Test Method for Modulating Capacity Automatic
Commercial Ice Makers
8. Discontinue Use of a Clarified Energy Rate Calculation
B. Response to Additional Comments Raised by Interested Parties
at the Framework Document Public Meeting
1. Treatment of Tube Type Ice Machines
2. Quantification of Auxiliary Energy Use
3. Standardization of Water Hardness for Measurement of Potable
Water Used in Making Ice
IV. Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
I. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 1999
J. Review Under Executive Order 12630
K. Review Under the Treasury and General Government
Appropriations Act, 2001
L. Review Under Executive Order 13211
M. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
V. Public Participation
A. Attendance at Public Meeting
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
C. Conduct of Public Meeting
D. Submission of Comments
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
I. Background and Legal Authority
Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (``EPCA'' or
``the Act,'' Pub. L. 94-163), as amended by the Energy Policy Act of
2005 (EPACT 2005, Pub. L. 109-58), establishes an energy conservation
program for certain commercial and industrial equipment. (42 U.S.C.
6311-6317) This program sets Federal energy conservation standards,
test procedures, and labeling requirements.
EPCA prescribes energy conservation standards for automatic
commercial ice makers that produce cube type ice with capacities
between 50 and 2,500 pounds of ice per 24-hour period. (42 U.S.C.
6313(d)(1)) EPCA also requires the Secretary of Energy to review these
standards and determine, by January 1, 2015, whether amending the
applicable standards is technically feasible and economically
justified. (42 U.S.C. 6313(d)(3)) DOE is currently undertaking a
standards rulemaking, concurrent to this test procedure rulemaking, to
determine if amended standards are technically feasible and
economically justified for automatic commercial ice makers covered by
the standards set in EPACT 2005 (docket number EERE-2010-BT-STD-0037).
In the energy conservation standards rulemaking, DOE is also proposing,
under 42 U.S.C. 6313(d)(2), standards for continuous type ice makers,
tube type ice makers, and equipment with capacities up to 4,000 pounds
of ice per 24 hours.
Manufacturers of automatic commercial ice makers must use
prescribed test procedures to measure energy and, if applicable, water
use to certify to DOE that equipment complies with the energy
conservation standards. (42 U.S.C. 6291(6)(A)) Manufacturers must also
use prescribed test procedures for labeling or making representations
about the efficiency of those products. (42 U.S.C. 6315(b)) Under 42
U.S.C. 6314, EPCA sets forth the criteria and procedures DOE must
follow when prescribing or amending test procedures for covered
products. EPCA provides in relevant part that ``test procedures
prescribed in accordance with this section shall be reasonably designed
to produce test results which reflect energy efficiency, energy use,
and estimated operating costs of a type of industrial equipment (or
class thereof) during a representative average use cycle (as determined
by the Secretary), and shall not be unduly burdensome to conduct.'' (42
U.S.C. 6314(2))
EPCA, as amended by EPACT 2005, prescribes that the test procedure
for automatic commercial ice makers shall be the Air-Conditioning and
Refrigeration Institute (ARI) Standard 810-2003, ``Performance Rating
of Automatic Commercial Ice-Makers.'' (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(A))
Pursuant to that section, on December 8, 2006, DOE published a final
rule (the 2006 test procedure final rule) that adopted the test
procedure specified in ARI Standard 810-2003, with a revised method for
calculating energy use. DOE adopted a clarified energy use rate
equation to specify that the energy use be calculated using the entire
mass of ice produced during the testing period, normalized to 100
pounds of ice produced. 71 FR 71340, 71350 (Dec. 8, 2006). ARI Standard
810-2003 references the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 29-1988 (Reaffirmed 2005) (ASHRAE Standard
29-1988 (RA 2005)), ``Method of Testing Automatic Ice Makers,'' as the
method of test. The current test procedures for automatic commercial
ice makers appear at 10 CFR part 431, subpart H, section 134, ``Uniform
test method for the measurement of energy consumption and water
consumption of automatic commercial ice makers.''
Since the publication of the 2006 test procedure final rule, ARI
merged with the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA) to form
the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) and
updated its test procedure to reflect changes in the industry. The new
test procedure, AHRI Standard 810-2007, amends the previous test
procedure, ARI Standard 810-2003, to:
1. Expand the capacity range of covered equipment to between 50 and
4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours at standard rating conditions
2. Provide definitions and specific test procedures for batch type
and continuous type ice makers; and
3. Provide a definition for ice hardness factor, which is a measure
of ice quality or the percentage of liquid water content in the ice
product of continuous type ice machines.
The revised AHRI Standard 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009
adopt new definitions for a ``batch type ice maker'' (also referred to
as a cube type ice maker) and a ``continuous type ice maker.'' A batch
type ice maker is defined as an ice maker that has alternate freezing
and harvesting periods, including machines that produce cube type ice,
tube type ice, and fragmented ice. The test procedures further clarify
that in this definition the word ``cube'' does not refer to the
specific shape or size of ice produced. A continuous type ice maker is
defined as an ice maker that continually freezes and harvests ice at
the same time. Continuous type ice makers primarily produce flake and
nugget ice.
EPCA, as amended, provides that if ARI Standard 810-2003 is
revised, the Secretary shall amend the DOE test procedure as necessary
to be consistent with the amended ARI Standard unless the Secretary
determines, by rule, that to do so would not meet the requirements for
test procedures set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(B)) Because
ARI
[[Page 18430]]
Standard 810 has been updated from the 2003 version, DOE must amend the
DOE test procedure to reflect these updates, unless doing so would not
meet the definition of a test procedure, as set forth in section
343(a)(7) of EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(B)(i))
The commercial test procedure being considered in this rulemaking,
AHRI Standard 810-2007, references the previous ASHRAE Standard 29-1988
(RA 2005). However, in 2009, ASHRAE also updated their test procedure
to include provisions for measuring the performance of batch type and
continuous type ice makers. The DOE test procedure also references the
ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005).
DOE has preliminarily determined that the updated versions are
consistent with the test procedure currently used in industry, expand
coverage to additional products that are being proposed in the ongoing
standard rulemaking, including continuous type and larger capacity ice
makers with capacities up to 4,000 pounds of ice per day, and would
meet the above-referenced requirements for a test procedure set forth
in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(B)) As such, DOE proposes to incorporate
by reference AHRI Standard 810-2007 as the DOE test procedure, with
ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 as the referenced method of test.
DOE is revising the automatic commercial ice maker test procedure
in part to correspond with changes being proposed in the concurrent
standard rulemaking process on automatic commercial ice makers (docket
number EERE-2010-BT-STD-0037). The energy conservation standards
rulemaking that DOE is proposing under 42 U.S.C. 6313(d)(2) would
establish energy conservation standards for continuous type ice makers
and equipment with capacities up to 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours.
In addition to updating the references to AHRI 810-2007 and ASHRAE
Standard 29-2009, DOE is proposing revisions to the DOE test procedure
that:
1. Expand the scope of the test procedure to include equipment with
capacities from 50 to 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours;
2. Provide test methods for continuous type ice makers;
3. Standardize the measurement of energy and water use for
continuous type ice makers with respect to ice quality;
4. Clarify the test method and reporting requirements for remote
condensing automatic commercial ice makers designed for connection to
compressor racks;
5. Specify an optional test method for modulating capacity ice
makers; and
6. Discontinue the use of a clarified energy use rate calculation
and instead calculate energy use per 100 pounds of ice as specified in
ASHRAE Standard 29-2009.
DOE believes that these amendments will result in a test procedure
that more accurately reflects the energy and water use of automatic
commercial ice makers and more fully complies with the requirements of
EPCA. This test procedure rulemaking also fulfills DOE's obligation
under EPCA to review the test procedure for automatic commercial ice
makers every 7 years. (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(1)(A))
EPCA requires that if DOE determines that a test procedure
amendment is warranted, it must publish proposed test procedures and
offer the public an opportunity to present oral and written comments on
them. (42 U.S.C. 6314(b))
II. Summary of the Proposed Rule
A. Proposed Test Procedure Amendments
This NOPR proposes to update the test procedure references to the
current industry-accepted test procedures, expand the scope to cover
all continuous and batch type equipment with capacities from 50 to
4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours, provide a test method to normalize
energy with respect to ice quality for continuous type ice makers,
clarify the test method and reporting requirements for remote
condensing ice makers that are designed to be used with a remote
compressor rack, provide an optional test method for modulating
capacity ice makers, and discontinue the use of a clarified energy use
rate calculation. In the absence of the clarified energy rate equation
published by DOE as part of the previous DOE test procedure (71 FR
71340, 71350 (Dec. 8, 2006)), DOE will use the method prescribed in
ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 to calculate energy use per 100 pounds of ice
produced. This method is discussed in more detail in section III.A.7 of
this document. DOE anticipates publishing the final rule amending the
ACIM test procedures prior to issuing the NOPR for the ACIM energy
conservation standard.
B. Association With Energy Conservation Standards Rulemaking
DOE is proposing these revisions to the DOE test procedure be
consistent with the scope of coverage of the concurrent energy
conservation standard rulemaking for automatic commercial ice makers
(docket number EERE-2010-BT-STD-0037). If the scope of coverage changes
in later stages of the automatic commercial ice maker energy
conservation standards rulemaking, DOE may add provisions, as
necessary, to the test procedure so that it is consistent with the
final scope of coverage of any new or amended standards for automatic
commercial ice makers.
EPCA, as amended, requires that any amended test procedures for
automatic commercial ice makers shall comply with section 6293(e) of
the same title (42 U.S.C. 6314(a)(7)(C)), which in turn prescribes that
if any rulemaking amends a test procedure, DOE must determine ``to what
extent, if any, the proposed test procedure would alter the measured
energy efficiency * * * of any covered product as determined under the
existing test procedure.'' (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(1)) Further, if DOE
determines that the amended test procedure would alter the measured
efficiency of a covered product, DOE must amend the applicable energy
conservation standard accordingly. (42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2))
In accordance with 42 U.S.C. 6293(e), DOE has analyzed the amended
test procedure, as proposed in today's NOPR, to determine if it will
affect the measured energy efficiency of a covered product. When the
revised ACIM test procedure final rule is promulgated, the energy
conservation standards set in EPACT 2005 for automatic commercial ice
makers that produce cube type ice of capacities between 50 and 2,500
pounds of ice per 24 hours will be in effect.
DOE believes that the only proposed test procedure amendments
applicable to automatic commercial ice makers covered under EPACT 2005
standards are those that update the referenced industry test procedures
to their most current versions, clarify the test method and reporting
requirements for automatic commercial ice makers designed to be
connected to a remote compressor rack, and discontinue the use of a
clarified energy use rate equation. DOE believes that these amendments
would not significantly affect the measured energy or water use of
equipment for which standards are currently in place. The updated
industry test procedures, AHRI 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009,
only expand the test procedure to continuous type ice makers and ice
makers with capacities up to 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours; they do
not affect the test procedure for ice makers that make cube type ice
with capacities between 50 and 2,500 pounds of ice per 24 hours. See
section III.A.1 for more information. The amendments that clarify the
test method and reporting
[[Page 18431]]
requirements for automatic commercial ice makers designed to be
connected to a remote compressor rack and discontinue the use of the
clarified energy use rate equation are primarily editorial in nature
and do not fundamentally affect the way automatic commercial ice makers
are tested. These amendments are described in more detail in sections
III.A.5 and III.A.7, respectively.
The remaining proposed test procedure amendments are only
applicable to types of automatic commercial ice makers for which energy
conservation standards do not currently exist. In the concurrent ACIM
energy conservation standard rulemaking, DOE is proposing to establish
energy conservation standards for batch type and continuous type ice
makers with capacities up to 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours. This
includes new energy conservation standards for batch type ice makers
that produce cube type ice with capacities between 2,500 and 4,000
pounds of ice per 24 hours, batch type ice makers that produce other
than cube type ice with capacities between 50 and 4,000 pounds of ice
per 24 hours, and continuous type ice makers with capacities between 50
and 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours. However, these standards will not
be promulgated until after the ACIM test procedure final rule is
issued. Because there currently are no standards for the aforementioned
types of ice makers, section 6293(e) does not apply to test procedure
amendments that affect only those equipment types.
Because DOE does not believe the updated test procedure will alter
the measured energy or water consumption of automatic commercial ice
makers that are covered by existing DOE energy conservation standards,
DOE proposes that use of the amendments be required upon the effective
date of any test procedure final rule, 30 days after publication in the
Federal Register.
DOE requests comment on its determination that the proposed test
procedure amendments will not affect the measured energy or water
consumption of automatic commercial ice makers that are currently
covered under energy conservation standards. DOE also requests comment
on the proposal that the use of the amended test procedure be required
upon the effective date of any test procedure final rule, 30 days after
publication in the Federal Register.
III. Discussion
As part of the current rulemaking on the energy conservation
standard for commercial refrigeration equipment, DOE held a public
meeting on December 16, 2011 to present its Framework Document (http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/pdfs/acim_framework_2010_11_04.pdf) and to receive comments from
interested parties. DOE considered the comments received as a result of
the Framework Document public meeting and incorporated into this
document certain recommendations, where appropriate. Responses to these
comments appear throughout the discussion of test procedure amendments.
The test procedure amendments DOE is proposing in this rulemaking were
summarized in section II.A and are discussed in further detail in the
following sections. Responses to comments that are not specifically
addressed in the discussion of test procedure revisions appear in
section III.B, which provides responses to comments in the following
subject areas:
1. Treatment of Tube Type Ice Machines
2. Quantification of Auxiliary Energy Use
3. Measurement of Storage Bin Effectiveness
4. Establishment of a Metric for Potable Water Used in Making Ice
5. Standardization of Water Hardness for Measurement of Potable Water
Used in Making Ice
6. Testing of Batch Type Ice Makers at the Highest Purge Setting
A. Summary of the Test Procedure Revisions
Today's proposed rule contains the following proposed changes to
the test procedure in 10 CFR 431, subpart H.
1. Update References to Industry Standards to Most Current Versions
The current DOE test procedure for automatic commercial ice makers,
established in the 2006 test procedure final rule, adopts ARI Standard
810-2003 as the test procedure used to measure the energy consumption
of a piece of equipment to establish compliance with energy
conservation standards set in EPACT 2005. 71 FR 71340, 71350 (Dec. 8,
2006). The DOE test procedure also references ASHRAE Standard 29-1988
(RA 2005). AHRI (previously ARI) Standard 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard
29-2009 are designed to be used together to test automatic commercial
ice makers. AHRI Standard 810-2007 specifies the standard rating
conditions and provides relevant definitions of equipment, scope, and
calculated or measured values. ASHRAE Standard 29 specifies how to
conduct the test procedure, including the technical requirements and
calculations. Since the publication of the 2006 test procedure final
rule, AHRI has released an updated version of the test procedure, AHRI
Standard 810-2007. ASHRAE subsequently updated their test procedure in
2009 to reflect the same changes. AHRI Standard 810-2007 and ASHRAE
Standard 29-2009 amend the previous test procedures by expanding the
capacity range to 4,000 pounds per day and providing for the testing of
continuous type ice makers. In adopting the revised AHRI Standard 810-
2007 and referencing ASHRAE Standard 29-2009, DOE is proposing to
incorporate all the test procedure changes incorporated in the updated
versions. At the ACIM Framework Document public meeting, AHRI stated
its support for this proposal. (AHRI, No. 0016 at p. 139\1\)
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\1\ In the following discussion, comments will be presented
along with a notation in the form ``AHRI, No. 0016 at p. 139,''
which identifies a written comment DOE received and included in the
docket of this rulemaking. DOE refers to comments based on when the
comment was submitted in the rulemaking process. This particular
notation refers to a comment (1) by AHRI, (2) in document number
0016 of the docket (available at regulations.gov), and (3) appearing
on page 139.
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DOE requests comment on updating the referenced industry test
procedures to the most current versions.
In addition, DOE proposes to make additional changes that expand
the capacity range to larger capacity equipment, up to 4,000 pounds of
ice per 24 hours, and include additional test methods for continuous
type ice makers. These two changes are discussed in detail in the
following two sections.
2. Expand Capacity Range to Larger Capacity Equipment
AHRI Standard 810-2007 establishes a capacity range of 50 to 4,000
pounds of ice per 24 hours at standard rating conditions. The previous
standard, ARI Standard 810-2003, referenced by the current DOE test
procedure, is limited to a capacity range of 50 to 2,500 pounds of ice
per 24 hours. AHRI expanded the capacity range due to changes in the
products offered by manufacturers. Specifically, some manufacturers
offer larger capacity units that exceed the capacity range of the
previous test procedure. AHRI's expansion of the capacity range does
not affect the way ice makers are tested; it only provides for the same
test procedure to be applied to larger capacity ice makers.
At the ACIM Framework Document public meeting, some interested
parties commented that 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours was a natural
ceiling for commercial equipment. (AHRI, No. 0016 at pp. 65 and 144;
Manitowoc Ice,
[[Page 18432]]
No. 0016 at p. 66; Scotsman, No. 0016 at p. 68) Stakeholders also
commented that there did not appear to be any issues in applying the
test procedure to larger capacity equipment, except perhaps for
providing enough conditioned air in the environmental chamber to test
these machines. (Scotsman, No. 0016 at pp. 69 and 144)
While no manufacturers of equipment with capacities exceeding 4,000
pounds of ice per 24 hours attended the public meeting, Vogt, the
primary manufacturer of equipment with capacities larger than 4,000
pounds per 24 hours, submitted a written comment suggesting that DOE
expand the capacity limit to include equipment that produces up to
10,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours. Vogt further commented that this
leads consumers to believe that larger capacity machines are not as
efficient, when in fact they are more efficient, and prevents larger
capacity equipment from participating in rebate programs or other
energy efficiency programs.\2\
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\2\ Framework comments submitted by Vogt Ice to Detlef
Westphalen, Navigant Consulting Inc, February 10, 2011.
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In analyzing the current ice maker market, DOE has found that
approximately 99 percent of automatic commercial ice makers have
capacities between 50 and 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours. However,
DOE has identified a few automatic commercial ice makers with
capacities that exceed 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours that are
currently offered for sale in the United States. Further, DOE found
that many of these larger capacity machines are marketed as commercial
products for use in food sales, schools, and other commercial spaces
and fall within the EPCA definition of an automatic commercial ice
maker.
(42 U.S.C. 6311(19))DOE has analyzed the AHRI 810-2007 and ASHRAE
Standard 29-2009 test procedure methods and believes that there are no
technical issues with applying these methods to larger capacity
equipment, up to 10,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours. In fact, this is
how larger capacity ice makers are currently tested by manufacturers to
voluntarily determine their energy performance. DOE understands that
larger capacity ice makers require a larger environmental chamber to
accommodate their increased physical size and the additional
conditioned air required to maintain the test room at ambient
conditions. In addition, there may be other issues related to marketing
or burden when testing ice makers with capacities between 4,000 and
10,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours.
In weighing the various factors for and against establishing a test
procedure covering ice makers with capacities between 4,000 and 10,000
pounds per 24 hours, DOE has determined that such test procedures would
not be warranted at this time. Primarily, DOE does not believe that the
increased burden association with this significant expansion in scope
is justified due to the small market share of equipment with capacities
greater than 4,000 pounds per 24 hours. Therefore, DOE proposes to
expand the capacity range of the DOE test procedure to only include
larger capacity automatic commercial ice makers with harvest rates
between 50 and 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours.
DOE requests comment on expanding the capacity range from 50 to
2,500 pounds of ice per 24 hours to 50 to 4,000 pounds of ice per 24
hours.
3. Include Test Methods for Continuous Type Ice Makers
During the public comment period for the 2006 test procedure
proposed rule, which adopted test procedures for the EPACT 2005 ACIM
standards, interested parties requested that additional product classes
be considered. Specifically, Howe Corporation requested that DOE test
procedures and requirements be amended and expanded to apply a revised
ARI Standard 810 to all automatic ice makers, regardless of ice-cube
type. (docket number EE-RM/TP-05-500, Howe, No. 6 at pp. 3-4) \3\ At
that time, DOE stated that the test procedure for automatic commercial
ice makers was adopted for two reasons: (1) To adopt methods for
testing equipment for which EPACT 2005 set energy conservation
standards and (2) to comply with the requirement that the test
procedure for such ice makers be ARI Standard 810-2003, which only
applies to the equipment that produces cube type ice. DOE added that
expanding the energy conservation standard for automatic commercial ice
makers to include equipment that produces ice other than cube type ice
was outside the scope of that rulemaking proceeding. However, DOE noted
that it is authorized to adopt standards for such other commercial ice
makers (42 U.S.C. 6313(d)(2)), and that if and when DOE sought to adopt
such standards, it intended to consider continuous type ice makers that
produce flake type ice. 71 FR 71340, 71351 (Dec. 8, 2006).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ This notation refers to a comment that was submitted by Howe
Corporation and is recorded in docket number EE-RM/TP-05-500 as
comment number 6, and (2) a passage that appears on pages 3 and 4 of
that document.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AHRI Standard 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 have been
amended to allow for the testing of continuous type ice makers. The
revised AHRI Standard 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 adopt
definitions for a ``batch type ice maker'' (also referred to as a cube
type ice maker) and a ``continuous type ice maker.'' A batch type ice
maker is defined as an ice maker that has alternate freezing and
harvesting periods. The standard further clarifies that in this
definition the word ``cube'' does not refer to the specific shape or
size of ice produced. A continuous type ice maker is defined as an ice
maker that continually freezes and harvests ice at the same time.
Continuous type ice makers primarily produce flake and nugget ice.
In addition, AHRI Standard 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009
provide explicit test methods for both batch and continuous type ice
makers. The previous ARI Standard 810-2003 and ASHRAE Standard 29-
1988(RA 2005), as referenced in the current DOE test procedure, do not
include a method for testing continuous type ice makers. DOE intends to
adopt AHRI Standard 810-2007 as the referenced DOE test procedure,
including referencing ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 as the method of test.
This would expand the current DOE test procedure to provide a method
for testing continuous type ice makers, in addition to batch type ice
makers. The test procedure provisions for testing continuous type ice
makers would be used in conjunction with standards for automatic
commercial ice makers that produce flake or nugget ice. These standards
are being developed in the ongoing ACIM energy conservation standard
rulemaking.
DOE requests comment on providing test methods for continuous type
ice makers.
4. Standardize Ice Quality for Continuous Type Ice Makers
Continuous type ice makers typically produce ice that is not
completely frozen. This means that there is some liquid water content
in the total mass of ice product produced by continuous type ice
makers. The specific liquid water content can be quantified in terms of
ice hardness or ice quality and is usually represented in terms of
percent of completely frozen ice present in the total ice product. Ice
quality can vary significantly across different machines. DOE
understands that the percentage of liquid water in the product of
continuous ice makers is directly related to the measured energy
consumption of
[[Page 18433]]
these machines. To provide comparability and repeatability of results,
DOE proposes to standardize the energy consumption of continuous ice
makers to a total mass of ice that is 32 degrees Fahrenheit ([deg]F)
with no liquid water content. At the December 16, 2010 Framework
Document public meeting, Scotsman agreed that there may be some reason
to standardize ice quality to 32 [deg]F with no liquid water content.
Scotsman further stated that there is also some utility in low quality
ice. (Scotsman, No. 0016 at p. 160)
DOE proposes to standardize the ice quality of continuous type ice
makers using the ``Procedure for Determining Ice Quality'' in section
A.3 of normative annex A in ASHRAE Standard 29-2009. In this procedure,
a calorimeter constant is calculated, which is essentially a ratio of
the heat content of a given mass of 32 [deg]F ice with no liquid water
content (100 percent ice quality) divided by the heat content of the
same mass of 32 [deg]F ice and water mixture (less than 100 percent
quality) produced by a continuous type ice maker. This is the inverse
of the ice hardness factor, as defined in AHRI 810-2007, presented as a
decimal. The calorimeter constant will be 1.0 for 100 percent ice
quality product and greater than 1.0 for ice with some liquid water
content. The calorimeter constant will be used to determine an
adjustment factor based on the energy required to cool ice from 70
[deg]F to 32 [deg]F and produce a given amount of ice, as shown below:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04AP11.000
Note: Btu = British thermal units.
The measured energy consumption per 100 pounds of ice and the
measured condenser water consumption, as determined using ASHRAE
Standard 29-2009, will be multiplied by the adjustment factor to yield
the scaled energy and condenser water consumption values, respectively.
These values will be reported to DOE to show compliance with the energy
conservation standard. The measured value of potable water used in
making ice will not be multiplied by the calorimeter constant because
all of the potable water is still used to produce usable product for
continuous type ice makers.
In response to Scotsman's comment (Scotsman, No. 0016 at p. 160)
regarding the utility of automatic commercial ice makers that produce
low quality ice, this test method will not affect the availability of
automatic commercial ice makers that produce lower quality ice; it will
simply provide a method by which automatic commercial ice maker energy
consumption and condenser water use results can be compared to a
baseline ice quality.
DOE requests comment on the proposed method to normalize energy and
condenser water consumption to 32 [deg]F water with no water content
for continuous type ice makers.
5. Clarify the Test Method and Reporting Requirements for Remote
Condensing Automatic Commercial Ice Makers
EPCA establishes energy conservation standards for two types of
remote condensing automatic commercial ice makers: (1) Remote
condensing (but not remote compressor) and (2) remote condensing and
remote compressor. (42 U.S.C. 6313(d)(1)) Remote condensing (but not
remote compressor) ice makers must be sold and operated with a
dedicated remote condenser that is in a separate section from the ice-
making mechanism and compressor. Remote condensing and remote
compressor automatic commercial ice makers may be operated with a
dedicated remote condensing unit or connected to a remote compressor
rack. Both of these remote refrigeration systems contain compressors
and condensers that are in a separate section from the ice-making
mechanism that they serve.
In assessing the current DOE and industry test procedures, DOE has
noticed an inconsistency in the way the energy use of remote condensing
and remote compressor ice makers that are designed to be connected to a
remote compressor rack is reported. Remote condensing and remote
compressor ice makers sold with a dedicated remote condensing unit
report energy consumption of the total ice maker; including the energy
consumption of the ice-making mechanism, the compressor, and the remote
condenser or condensing unit. Ice makers that are meant to be used with
a remote compressor rack report only the energy use of the ice-making
mechanism and do not include any energy use associated with the
compressors and condensers on the remote compressor rack. The
compressor and condenser energy consumption are excluded because ice
maker manufacturers do not have control of the energy efficiency of the
remote compressor rack. In addition, the same remote compressor rack
typically serves multiple equipment types in addition to automatic
commercial ice makers, such as commercial refrigeration equipment and
walk-in coolers and freezers.
At the Framework Document public meeting, DOE proposed three
potential options to address this issue:
1. A calculation method that applies a default factor to the ice-
making mechanism energy consumption that is representative of remote
compressor rack energy use;
2. A measurement method that measures the energy use of a remote
condensing and remote compressor ice maker with a designated remote
condensing unit and reports the energy use of both the ice-making
mechanism and the remote condensing unit; or
3. A measurement method that measures the energy use of a remote
condensing and remote compressor ice maker with a designated remote
condensing unit, but continues to report only the energy use associated
with the ice-making mechanism.
In response to these options, Manitowoc Ice stated that while
remote condensing automatic commercial ice makers could technically be
tested using a default value for compressor efficiency if the
refrigerant is measured, this would require a new test procedure and
may not be justified given the market share of this equipment.
(Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at pp. 149 and 153) Scotsman and AHRI
reiterated that the market share of this equipment was small and was
not expected to grow significantly. (Scotsman, No. 0016 at pp. 151-152;
AHRI, No. 0016 at p. 150) Manitowoc Ice also commented that ice-making
heads designed to be connected to remote condensing rack systems are
essentially the same as those that are sold with a dedicated remote
[[Page 18434]]
condensing unit. (Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at p. 154)
DOE understands that the market share of this equipment is small.
However, remote condensing ice makers that are designed to be sold for
use with a remote rack system are covered equipment pursuant to the
EPCA definition of an automatic commercial ice maker. (42 U.S.C.
6311(19)) In addition, as Manitowoc Ice mentioned, remote condensing
ice makers designed to be connected to remote condensing rack systems
are essentially the same as those that are sold with a dedicated remote
condensing unit. Therefore, DOE believes testing remote condensing ice
makers that are designed to be used with a remote condensing rack could
be accomplished, without significant additional burden, by testing
these units with a sufficiently sized dedicated remote condensing unit.
Option 1 above would require testing of remote condensing ice
makers that are designed to be used with a remote compressor rack using
a calculation methodology that would be more representative of the
energy consumption of the remote compressor rack. This calculation
method would apply a default factor to the ice-making mechanism which
would be determined through measurement of the amount of cooling
supplied to make ice. Information about the amount of cooling supplied
by the refrigerant is not currently captured in the DOE test procedure.
DOE believes that this additional testing would result in a significant
additional burden on manufacturers that would not be warranted given
the small market share of this equipment. In addition, the remote
compressor rack is not covered as part of the automatic commercial ice
maker and, thus, its energy consumption is not required to be captured
by the DOE test procedure.
EPCA requires that test procedures ``shall be reasonably designed
to produce test results which reflect energy efficiency, energy use,
and estimated operating costs of a type of industrial equipment (or
class thereof) during a representative average use cycle (as determined
by the Secretary), and shall not be unduly burdensome to conduct.'' (42
U.S.C. 6314(2)) DOE believes that testing all remote condensing and
remote compressor automatic commercial ice makers that are designed to
be connected to a remote compressor rack with a dedicated remote
condensing unit will represent the energy consumption of this equipment
without introducing undue burden. In addition, this method provides a
straightforward and consistent way to compare the performance of remote
condensing and remote compressor ice makers, both those sold with
dedicated remote condensing units and those designed to be used with
remote compressor rack systems. Therefore, DOE proposes that all remote
condensing and remote compressor ice makers be tested with a dedicated
remote condensing unit and report the energy use of the ice-making
mechanism, the compressor, and the condenser.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to require testing of all
remote condensing ice makers with a dedicated remote condensing unit
and reporting of ice-making mechanism, compressor, and condenser energy
use.
6. Provide a Test Method for Modulating Capacity Automatic Commercial
Ice Makers
An ice maker could be designed for multiple capacity levels, either
using a single compressor capable of multiple or variable capacities,
or using multiple compressors. This would be attractive since ice
makers operate at full capacity for only a small portion of the time,
if at all. Such a system could produce ice more efficiently at a lower
capacity level because there would be more surface area available
relative to the mass flow of refrigerant. There is no evidence that any
such system has been sold or tested anywhere in the world. However, the
basic concept is illustrated by the current use of different capacity
models using the same heat exchangers with different capacity
compressors. For such product pairs, the lower capacity machine is
generally more efficient.
At the Framework Document public meeting, the American Council for
an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), represented by Adjuvant
Consulting, stated that two-stage or modulating compressors should not
be eliminated from the group of design options. (Adjuvant Consulting,
No. 0016 at pp. 78-79)
While multiple or variable capacity systems (i.e., a modulating
system) could become a design feature in the future, DOE recognizes
that there are currently no commercialized products or prototypes
available. However, DOE believes that a test procedure can be developed
that allows measurement of the efficiency benefits of variable capacity
technologies. Multiple capacity systems can be rated under the current
test procedure at their maximum capacity rating. This will continue to
be an option for showing compliance with DOE energy conservation
standards. Also, an optional test procedure to capture the energy and
water efficiency benefits of modulating capacity systems could be
developed to allow systems that use a variable or multiple capacity
system to claim those savings. Incorporating a test method for
modulating capacity systems into the test procedure could provide an
opportunity for and incentivize future development of such systems that
could use this technology to obtain a higher efficiency rating. This is
valuable for manufacturers that may wish to qualify units for voluntary
efficiency programs, such as the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)
or ENERGY STAR.[supreg]
To capture the energy and water use of variable or multiple
capacity systems, a test procedure would need to measure energy use in
kilowatt-hours per 100 pounds of ice and water use in gallons per 100
pounds of ice of at least two production rates and calculate weighted
average energy use and water use values. DOE proposes that, for
modulating capacity systems, testing can be done at the maximum and
minimum capacity settings. These values would then be averaged to
determine the energy consumption and condenser water consumption of the
ice maker. While equal weighting is perhaps not representative of
actual utilization factors in the field, DOE would need additional data
to develop a better informed estimate.
In addition, DOE proposes that this test procedure for multiple or
modulating capacity systems be optional. Only testing at the maximum
capacity setting would be required for modulating capacity systems.
However, if a manufacturer wished to show increased energy savings due
to the installation of variable capacity technologies, this test
procedure also may be used to show compliance with the energy
conservation standard.
DOE requests comment on the proposal to allow for optional test
procedure for modulating capacity automatic commercial ice makers.
Specifically, DOE requests comment on the weighting of the energy
consumption at the minimum and maximum capacity settings.
7. Discontinue Use of a Clarified Energy Rate Calculation
The current DOE test procedure references ARI Standard 810-2003,
with an amended calculation for determining the energy consumption rate
for the purposes of compliance with DOE's energy conservation
standards. ARI Standard 810-2003 references ASHRAE Standard 29-1988
(RA2005) as the method of test for this equipment, including the
equations for calculating the energy consumption rate per 100
[[Page 18435]]
pounds of ice produced. In the 2006 test procedure proposed rule, DOE
found the language in ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005) unclear and
proposed that the energy consumption rate be normalized to 100 pounds
of ice instead and be determined as follows. 71 FR 71340, 71350 (Dec.
8, 2006).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04AP11.001
At the September 2006 public meeting for the 2006 test procedure
proposed rule, ARI commented in support of DOE's proposal to adopt ARI
Standard 810-2003 as the test procedure for automatic commercial ice
makers with the revised energy use rate equation. However, ARI further
stated that the ARI and ASHRAE standards have been used without the
clarification. 71 FR at 71351 (Dec. 8, 2006).
The equation contained in ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005), as
adopted, directs that the energy consumption shall be calculated as the
weight of ice produced during three specified time periods divided by
the power consumed during those same three time periods. The specified
time periods are defined as three complete cycles for batch type ice
makers and three 14.4-minute periods for continuous type ice makers.
The verbatim equation from ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005) is as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04AP11.002
In the above equation, kWh/100 lb ice refers to the desired energy
consumption rate normalized per 100 pounds of ice produced; 8.4a refers
to the section of the standard that describes the data to be recorded
for the calculation of energy consumption, in this case the energy
input in kilowatt-hours for the same periods prescribed for measurement
of capacity; and 8.2a refers to the data to be recorded for the
capacity test, specifically weight in pounds of ice produced for three
prescribed periods of collection. This equation did not change in the
update of ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005) to the most recent ASHRAE
Standard 29-2009.
DOE concludes that the existing equation in ASHRAE Standard 29-2009
is interpreted differently than specified by the amended DOE equation
for calculation of energy consumption rate. ASHRAE Standard 29-2009
directs that the energy consumption rate be calculated for each of the
three periods specified in the test method as the power consumption for
that period divided by the mass of ice collected in that period, as
shown below.
For i = 1 to 3:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04AP11.003
This result is then averaged and multiplied by 100 to obtain an
average energy consumption rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04AP11.004
The previous concern with ambiguity around the energy consumption
rate equation was based on the possibility that manufacturers might
discard some ice captured during the periods specified in the capacity
test and then divide the total energy use, for all three periods, by a
lesser volume of ice, thereby overstating the energy consumption of the
equipment. 71 FR 42178, 42184 (July 25, 2006). Although the text in
ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 did not change between the 1988 and 2009
versions, DOE has reexamined the energy consumption rate calculations
contained in the ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 test procedures and concluded
that the procedure is clear and no ambiguity exists. The ASHRAE
Standard 29-2009 test procedure clearly states that the mass of ice
collected will be recorded for each of the three complete periods
specified. ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 also states that the power
consumption will be recorded for the same three periods. DOE believes
that this statement is clear and does not provide opportunity for
misinterpretation. Additionally, DOE acknowledges that this method may
show more consistency in the average energy use rate calculation and,
further, is the method typically used in industry today. DOE proposes
to remove the clarification for the calculation of energy consumption
rate in this rulemaking.
DOE requests comment on its proposal to incorporate AHRI Standard
810-2007, with reference to ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 as the method of
test, without specification or clarification of the calculation for
energy consumption rate.
B. Response to Additional Comments Raised by Interested Parties at the
Framework Document Public Meeting
The following sections contain responses to comments received at
the
[[Page 18436]]
December 16, 2011 Framework Document public meeting that were not
specifically addressed in the discussion of test procedure revisions,
including:
1. Treatment of Tube Type Ice Machines
2. Quantification of Auxiliary Energy Use
3. Measurement of Storage Bin Effectiveness
4. Establishment of a Metric for Potable Water Used in Making Ice
5. Standardization of Water Hardness for Measurement of Potable Water
Used in Making Ice
6. Testing of Batch Type Ice Makers at the Highest Purge Setting
1. Treatment of Tube Type Ice Machines
At the Framework Document public meeting, the categorization of
tube type ice machines was discussed. Scotsman commented that tube ice
could be treated as a batch process in the same equipment class as cube
ice. (Scotsman, No. 0016 at p. 43) Manitowoc Ice agreed, but cautioned
against lumping them all together because of the different consumer
applications and utilities, such as the larger footprint of tube type
ice machines. (Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at pp. 49-50 and 53-54)
Manitowoc further commented that tube ice can be tested under the
currently available industry test procedures, but should be treated as
a separate equipment class. (Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at p. 50)
Tube type automatic commercial ice makers produce cube, flake, or
nugget ice. In making cube ice, they use a batch process, as do
conventional cube ice machines. Because tube ice has lower clarity than
cube ice from conventional machines, tube ice may have a different
market. There are no tube ice machines of less than 2,000 pounds of ice
per 24 hours on the market. Manufacturers are currently using the
existing test procedure for tube ice machines.
DOE agrees with the comments from Scotsman and Manitowoc Ice
regarding categorization of tube type ice machines, and finds that tube
type machines can be tested under the currently available test
procedures. Therefore, DOE proposes to clarify in the DOE test
procedure that tube and other batch technologies can be tested by the
current industry test procedures using the cube type test method.
2. Quantification of Auxiliary Energy Use
In assessing the operation and energy consumption of automatic
commercial ice makers, DOE determined that there are potential phases
of operation during the non-ice making periods that currently are not
accounted for in the test procedure. Although DOE is not required to
quantify auxiliary energy use, DOE is not prevented from including them
in the test procedures and energy conservations standards for automatic
commercial ice makers, if warranted. DOE examined the significance of
these auxiliary energy loads for automatic commercial ice makers to
determine if incorporation into the test procedure and energy
conservation standard was justified.
At the Framework Document public meeting, Manitowoc Ice mentioned
that standby energy use due to sensors could represent an electrical
load as high as 10 watts in some units. (Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at p.
143) Manitowoc Ice further stated that although such standby electrical
energy consumption exists in some cases, the overall energy consumption
was negligible and does not warrant consideration in the test procedure
or standard rulemakings. (Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at pp. 140-141)
DOE performed a preliminary assessment to corroborate the
estimations of interested parties and found that energy use due to
electrical sensors during non-ice-making periods contributed 1 percent
or less to the total energy consumption of the ice maker. If DOE chose
to quantify this load, a measurement of electrical consumption during
non-ice-making times could be incorporated into the test procedure.
Given the small magnitude of this energy use, DOE believes
quantification of auxiliary energy use during non-ice-making periods is
not justified. Note that the provision within EISA that standby mode
energy usage must be quantified (42 U.S.C. 6295(gg)(2)(A)) only appears
in the section that pertains to consumer products, and therefore does
not apply to commercial equipment.
DOE requests comment on its determination that an additional test
procedure to quantify auxiliary energy use during non-ice-making
periods is not justified.
3. Measurement of Storage Bin Effectiveness
Energy use that occurs to replace ice that has melted in the ice
storage bin prior to dispensing or use is currently quantified in the
Canadian and Australian standards and test procedures for automatic
commercial ice makers. In addition, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)
has incorporated storage bin effectiveness into its energy efficiency
standard as a separate metric that applies only to self-contained
automatic commercial ice makers. The NRCan standard for storage bin
effectiveness ranges from 60 to 80 percent, depending on capacity of
the ice storage bin.\4\ If this range is representative of ice storage
bin effectiveness, meltage could represent approximately 10 percent
additional ice production, and thus 10 percent additional energy use,
per 24 hours. Storage bin effectiveness will similarly impact condenser
water use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\ CSA C742-08. Energy Performance of automatic icemaker and
storage bins. Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, Ontario,
Canada.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
At the Framework Document public meeting, many manufacturers stated
that energy use associated with ice storage was outside the scope of
this rulemaking and the ice storage compartments were not refrigerated
on any ice makers. (AHRI, No. 0016 at p. 84; Scotsman, No. 0016 at p.
84; Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at pp. 84-85) Manufacturers also commented
that including ice storage bin effectiveness for only some ice makers
would not be fair or provide an accurate comparison. (Manitowoc Ice,
No. 0016 at p. 86)
A common metric used to quantify ice meltage in the ice storage bin
is storage bin effectiveness. Storage bin effectiveness is defined as a
theoretical expression of the fraction of ice that under specific
rating conditions would be expected to remain in the ice storage bin 24
hours after it is produced, with units of percent. AHRI has a standard,
AHRI 820-2000, that describes a test method for quantifying the
effectiveness of ice storage bins. This method, or a similar method, is
also used in the Canadian and Australian test procedures for automatic
commercial ice makers to quantify ice storage bin effectiveness.
While quantifying the additional energy use associated with ice
storage losses could contribute to additional energy savings, doing so
would result in an inconsistency between the standards for self-
contained and remote condensing ice makers or ice-making heads, and
thus an increased burden for manufacturers of self-contained units. DOE
believes that the additional burden associated with testing storage bin
effectiveness is not warranted at this time. As such, DOE will not
include a quantification of meltage in the storage bin in this
rulemaking.
DOE requests comments or data related to the impact of storage bin
effectiveness on the energy and water consumption of automatic
commercial ice makers. Specifically, DOE requests comment on the
appropriate test method and metric for storage bin effectiveness and
the burden associated with adopting such a test method.
[[Page 18437]]
4. Establishment of a Metric for Potable Water Used to Produce Ice
The current DOE energy conservation standard for automatic
commercial ice makers established metrics of energy use per 100 pounds
of ice for all equipment classes, and condenser water use per 100
pounds of ice produced for water-cooled models only. The current DOE
test procedure references ARI Standard 810-2003 as the test procedure
to calculate condenser water use. The updated AHRI Standard 810-2007
contains the same calculation for condenser water use.
However, automatic commercial ice makers consume potable water to
produce ice as well. AHRI Standard 810-2007 defines ``potable water use
rate'' as the amount of potable water used in making ice, including
``dump'' water. AHRI Standard 810-2007 defines ``dump water'' as the
water drainage from an ice maker to control the clarity of ice or to
prevent scaling. In this document, potable water used to produce ice
will refer to the water that leaves the machine in the form of ice as
well as any dump water or other excess that is expelled from the
machine during the ice-making process.
While there is generally a positive relationship between energy use
and potable water use, there may be a point at which the relationship
between potable water use and energy consumption reverses. At the ACIM
Framework Document public meeting, Manitowoc Ice and Scotsman both
indicated that, from a technology standpoint, reducing potable water
use generally improves energy efficiency, but if potable water use is
reduced beyond a certain threshold, efficiency could decrease due to
scaling. (Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at pp. 94-95; Scotsman, No. 0016 at
p. 94) Larger amounts of dump water can benefit ice quality but
increase overall potable water consumption.
Including potable water used to produce ice in the overall water
metric could produce significant water savings and additional energy
savings. At the ACIM Framework Document public meeting, the Appliance
Standards Awareness Project (ASAP) indicated support for a potable
water use metric, noting that they have seen significant improvements
in the industry in lowering water consumption, but that there is still
room for additional innovation. (ASAP, No. 0016 at pp. 15-16 and p. 93)
The current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ENERGY STAR standard
for automatic ice makers limits water use in air-cooled machines to
less than 25 gallons per 100 pounds of ice for remote condensing
automatic commercial ice makers and 35 gallons per 100 pounds of ice
for self-contained equipment.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Commercial Ice
Machines Key Product Criteria. 2008. (Last accessed March 5, 2011.)
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=comm_ice_machines.pr_crit_comm_ice_machines.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Both the previously referenced ARI Standard 810-2003 and the
updated AHRI Standard 810-2007 provide a test method to measure the
amount of water used in making ice in units of gallons per 100 pounds
of ice.
At the Framework Document public meeting, DOE suggested the
possibility of defining a new metric of ``total water use'' in gallons
per 100 pounds of ice. Total water use was proposed to be calculated as
the sum of the condenser water use and the potable water used to
produce ice. Manitowoc Ice and Scotsman commented that potable water
use and condenser water use should be kept as separate metrics because
of their different uses and magnitudes. (Manitowoc Ice, No. 0016 at p.
97; Scotsman, No. 0016 at p. 145)
Following the ACIM Framework document public meeting, DOE examined
the statutory authority provided in EPCA for the establishment of test
procedures and energy and water conservation standards for automatic
commercial ice makers and determined that DOE does not have a direct
mandate from Congress to regulate potable water use under 42 U.S.C.
6313. Specifically, EPCA prescribes standards for condenser water use
in cube type ice makers and explicitly states that condenser water use
should not include potable water used to make ice. As such, DOE
proposes not to regulate potable water used in making ice in this
rulemaking.
DOE requests comment on its decision not to measure or regulate
potable water used in making ice.
5. Standardization of Water Hardness for Measurement of Potable Water
Used in Making Ice
Differences in water hardness can cause ice machines to use more or
less energy and water. Harder water has a greater concentration of
total dissolved solids and chemical ions, which affects the thermal
properties of the water. Harder water depresses the freezing
temperature of water and results in increased energy use to produce the
same quantity of ice. In addition, harder water requires a higher purge
setting to prevent scaling and a decrease in ice clarity.
At the Framework Document public meeting, ACEEE stated that it may
be necessary to standardize water hardness in the test procedure due to
the effects of water hardness on water and energy consumption.
(Adjuvant Consulting, No. 0016 at pp. 96 and 102) However, Scotsman
commented that water hardness will not dramatically affect energy
consumption or performance on a short-term test and did not need to be
standardized. (Scotsman, No. 0016 at p. 160)
While DOE recognizes that differences in water hardness can affect
the energy and water consumption of an automatic commercial ice maker,
DOE believes that there is still uncertainty in the causal relationship
between total dissolved solids, ion concentration, and ice maker
performance. Specifically, it is not clear whether total dissolved
solids or ion concentration is more significant in impacting energy
performance and reliability of an ice maker. As such, an appropriate
standardized water hardness for use in a test procedure cannot be
accurately specified, and even if it could, applying such a test
procedure would increase the testing burden for manufacturers. Doing so
would require: Additional data or information regarding (1) The
relationship between total dissolved solids, ion concentration, and
energy and water use; (2) the magnitude of these effects; and (3)
specific testing methodologies that would produce repeatable results.
Given the uncertainty in the relationship between water hardness and
water and energy consumption, DOE is unable to conclude that this
metric is either technically feasible or economically justified. In
addition, water hardness would primarily impact potable water used in
making ice, which DOE is not regulating in this rulemaking. As a
result, DOE proposes not to standardize water hardness in the test
procedure at this time, but requests additional data that would support
evaluation of the need for a standardized water hardness test.
6. Test Batch Type Ice Makers at the Highest Purge Setting
Currently, automatic commercial ice makers are required to meet
specific maximum allowable condenser water use levels, depending on
equipment type, cooling type (water or air), and harvest rate (pounds
of ice per 24-hour period). The water usage of automatic commercial ice
makers varies by application, equipment type, and size.
At the Framework Document public meeting, ASAP cautioned that
installers may install cube type ice makers with a purge setting in the
highest water use position, which may result in
[[Page 18438]]
substantially higher water consumption in the field compared to the
manufacturer tested water consumption. (ASAP, No. 0016 at p. 16)
Although both AHRI 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 require
that the ice makers be set up pursuant to a manufacturer's instruction,
DOE acknowledges that this may not capture the maximum potable water
consumption of the unit or, perhaps, the most common water consumption
setting of the unit, as indicated by ASAP. However, DOE has neither the
data to validate nor the authority to regulate how ice makers are
typically installed in the field.
While testing units with their purge controls in the maximum water
use position will allow the test procedure to capture the maximum
potable water use and energy use of automatic commercial ice makers
and, thus, prevent ice makers from being sold that have purge settings
that would exceed the maximum water use standard, the level of purge
water primarily impacts potable water used in making ice. As DOE is
proposing not to regulate potable water used in making ice in this
rulemaking, DOE does not believe it is justified to require testing of
automatic commercial ice makers at the highest purge setting. Instead,
DOE proposes to continue to require testing of automatic commercial ice
makers in accordance with AHRI 810-2007 and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009.
DOE will continue to investigate the magnitude and effects of this
issue by gathering data related to national water hardness, the
difference between manufacturer specified and maximum purge settings,
and the way ice makers are typically installed in the field.
DOE requests comment on testing units at the highest water
consumption purge setting. Specifically, DOE requests comment on the
difference in energy and water consumption when tested at the maximum
purge setting versus as specified by the manufacturer.
IV. Regulatory Review
A. Review Under Executive Order 12866
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has determined that test
procedure rulemakings do not constitute ``significant regulatory
actions'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory
Planning and Review,'' 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993). Accordingly, this
proposed action was not subject to review under the Executive Order by
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the OMB.
B. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires
preparation of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis (IRFA) for
any rule proposed for public comment, unless the agency certifies that
the rule, if promulgated, will not have a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities. As required by Executive
Order 13272, ``Proper Consideration of Small Entities in Agency
Rulemaking,'' 67 FR 53461 (Aug. 16, 2002), DOE published procedures and
policies on February 19, 2003, so that the potential impacts of its
rules on small entities are properly considered during the rulemaking
process. 68 FR 7990. DOE has made its procedures and policies available
on the Office of the General Counsel's Web site: http://www.gc.doe.gov.
For manufacturers of automatic commercial icemakers, the Small
Business Administration (SBA) has set a size threshold, which defines
those entities classified as ``small businesses'' for the purposes of
the statute. DOE used the SBA's size standards published on January 31,
1996, as amended, to determine whether any small entities would be
required to comply with the rule. 61 FR 3280, 3286, as amended at 67 FR
3041, 3045 (Jan. 23, 2002) and at 69 FR 29192, 29203 (May 21, 2004);
see also 65 FR 30836, 30850 (May 15, 2000), as amended at 65 FR 53533,
53545 (Sept. 5, 2000). The size standards are codified at 13 CFR part
121. The standards are listed by North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS) code and industry description and are available at
http://www.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_sstd_tablepdf.pdf. Automatic commercial ice maker manufacturers are
classified under NAICS 333415, ``Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating
Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment
Manufacturing.'' The SBA sets a threshold of 750 employees or less for
an entity to be considered as a small business for this category.
In this NOPR, DOE proposes to update the industry test procedures
referenced in the current DOE test procedure for automatic commercial
ice makers. DOE is also proposing amendments to:
1. Expand the scope of the test procedure to include equipment with
capacities from 50 to 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours;
2. Provide test methods for all batch type and continuous type ice
makers;
3. Standardize the measurement of energy and water use for
continuous type ice makers with respect to ice quality;
4. Specify the test method for remote condensing automatic
commercial ice makers;
5. Specify an optional test method for modulating capacity ice
makers; and
6. Discontinue the use of a clarified energy use rate calculation
and instead calculate energy use per 100 pounds of ice of ice as
specified in ASHRAE Standard 29.
Changes to the existing rule as described above have potential
impacts on manufacturers who will be required to revise their current
testing procedures for compliance. DOE has analyzed these impacts on
small businesses and presents its findings below.
DOE examined the potential impacts of the additional testing
procedures proposed in this rulemaking under the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act and the procedures and policies published on
February 19, 2003. In using these procedures, DOE conducted a more
focused inquiry into small business manufacturers of products covered
by this rulemaking. During its market survey, DOE used all available
public information to identify potential small manufacturers. DOE's
research involved the review of industry trade association membership
directories (including the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers), product databases (e.g., Federal Trade Commission, the
Thomas Register, California Energy Commission (CEC), and ENERGY STAR
databases), individual company Web sites, and marketing research tools
(e.g., Dunn and Bradstreet reports) to create a list of companies that
manufacture or sell automatic commercial ice makers covered by this
rulemaking. DOE reviewed this data to determine whether the entities
met the SBA's definition of a small business manufacturer of automatic
commercial icemakers and screened out companies that do not offer
products covered by this rulemaking, do not meet the definition of a
``small business,'' or are foreign owned and operated.
DOE initially identified 24 distinct brands of automatic commercial
ice makers available in the U.S. sold by a variety of distributors,
wholesalers, and retail establishments. Of these 24 companies, 10 were
determined to be foreign owned or outside the scope of the small
business classification. Of the remaining 14 entities, 5 manufacture
ice makers for residential uses and one company has filed for
bankruptcy. Thus, DOE identified 8 manufacturers that
[[Page 18439]]
produce covered products and can be considered small businesses. From
its analysis, DOE determined the expected impacts of the rule on
affected small businesses and whether an IRFA was needed (i.e., whether
DOE could certify that this rulemaking would not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities).
Table IV.1 stratifies the small businesses according to their
number of employees. The smallest company has 5 employees and the
largest company 175 employees. The majority of the small businesses
affected by this rulemaking (75 percent) have fewer than 50 employees
and all but one of the small businesses have fewer than 100 employees.
Table IV.1--Small Business Size by Number of Employees
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Percentage of
Number of employees small small Cumulative
businesses businesses percentage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-10............................................................ 3 38 38
11-20........................................................... 0 0 38
21-30........................................................... 2 25 63
31-40........................................................... 1 13 75
41-50........................................................... 0 0 75
51-60........................................................... 0 0 75
61-70........................................................... 0 0 75
71-80........................................................... 0 0 75
81-90........................................................... 1 13 88
91-100.......................................................... 0 0 88
101-110......................................................... 0 0 88
111-120......................................................... 0 0 88
121-130......................................................... 0 0 88
131-140......................................................... 0 0 88
141-150......................................................... 0 0 88
150-160......................................................... 0 0 88
160-170......................................................... 0 0 88
170-180......................................................... 1 13 100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Currently, only automatic commercial ice makers that produce cube
type ice with capacities between 50 and 2,500 pounds of ice per 24
hours must be tested using the DOE test procedure to show compliance
with energy conservation standards established in EPACT 2005. Automatic
commercial ice makers with larger capacities, batch type ice makers
that produce other than cube type ice, and continuous type ice makers
of any capacity have not been subject to this rule. This rulemaking
would institute new testing requirements for automatic commercial batch
type ice makers that produce cube type ice with capacities between
2,500 and 4,000 pounds of ice of ice per 24 hours, batch type ice
makers that produce other than cube type ice, and continuous type ice
makers of all capacities. The costs to manufacturers associated with
these testing procedures were estimated to range from $5,000 to $7,500
per tested model. This estimate is based on input from manufacturers
and third party testing labs for completing a test as specified by AHRI
Standard 810-2007 on automatic commercial ice makers. Additional
testing requirements will be mandatory for continuous type ice makers
to assess ice quality. Discussion and quantification of these two
additional rules is provided below.
The additional test methods required for continuous type ice makers
will standardize energy and water use with respect to ice quality. This
test will consist of performing an additional calorimetry test, as
specified in ASHRAE Standard 29-2009. DOE estimates that performing
this test will require 2 additional hours of laboratory time, including
the time to perform necessary calculations, per unit. Costs associated
with the calorimetry test have been estimated by DOE to equal
approximately 10 percent of the AHRI 810 test or $500 to $740. These
costs would not include those associated with transportation, assuming
that the unit would be analyzed at the same time as the required AHRI
810 test. DOE estimates that 28 percent of all automatic commercial ice
makers would be subject to this additional test procedure. This
estimate was developed based on publicly available listings of
automatic commercial ice makers (e.g., AHRI and CEC databases) and
manufacturer Web sites.
The primary cost for small businesses under this rulemaking would
result from the aforementioned additional testing requirements. These
costs were applied to the number of existing designs subject to testing
requirements outlined in this rulemaking, which DOE estimated at 30
models. Further, DOE assumes that each company would introduce a new
base model in each year (total of 8 new models for testing) of the 5-
year (2015-2019) analysis time horizon. Thus, costs are most
significant in the first year following implementation of the new
testing requirements as existing models are tested but decline in
future years as the requirements are applied only to new models. Two
scenarios were developed to reflect the low- and high-end costs
estimates for each test presented previously in this section. Based on
these assumptions, testing costs for small businesses were estimated at
$154,200 to $228,216 in 2015 and $41,120 to $60,858 in 2016 through
2019.
In addition to testing costs, DOE estimates an additional $5,147 in
review and filing costs over the 5-year analysis time horizon. DOE
bases its estimate on the assumptions that it would take an engineer 2
hours to communicate with the testing laboratory, review test results,
prepare adequate documentation, and file the report. The average hourly
salary for an engineer completing these tasks is estimated at
$38.74.\6\ Fringe benefits are estimated at 30 percent of total
compensation, which brings the hourly costs to employers associated
with review and filing of reports to $55.34.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2009.
National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates. Washington, DC.
\7\ U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2010.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation--Management, Professional,
and Related Employees. Washington, DC.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 18440]]
The incremental costs incurred by small businesses to implement the
requirements of this rulemaking are summarized in Table IV.2. Total
costs to small businesses are estimated at $323,827 to $476,793 over
the 5-year analysis time horizon. The present value costs of this
rulemaking on small businesses are estimated at $227,512 to $334,982,
or $28,439 to $41,873 per small business. Annual costs are discounted
using a 7 percent real discount rate, as recommended in OMB Circular A-
94.
Table IV.2--Annual Costs of Compliance for Small Businesses (2015-2019)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Testing costs Review/ Total costs Discounted costs
Year -------------------------- filing ---------------------------------------------------
Low end High end costs Low end High end Low end High end
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2015......................................................... $154,200 $228,216 $2,490 $156,690 $230,706 $119,538 $176,005
2016......................................................... 41,120 60,858 664 41,784 61,522 29,791 43,864
2017......................................................... 41,120 60,858 664 41,784 61,522 27,843 40,995
2018......................................................... 41,120 60,858 664 41,784 61,522 26,021 38,313
2019......................................................... 41,120 60,858 664 41,784 61,522 24,319 35,806
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Totals................................................... 154,200 228,216 2,490 156,690 230,706 119,538 176,005
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Cost per Small Business 28,439 41,873
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOE seeks comment on its estimated additional cost of testing due
to the new requirements for testing presented in this NOPR.
Specifically, DOE seeks comment on the impacts of the additional cost
of testing on small manufacturers.
The findings of the DOE analysis suggest that small business
manufacturers of automatic commercial ice makers would not be
disproportionally impacted by the proposed energy conservation
standard, relative to their competition. Testing procedures are
required for each base model and only models produced by manufacturers
that are covered by this rule would be required to be tested. Research
conducted by DOE indicates that the small entities affected by this
regulation produce fewer automatic commercial ice makers, on average,
when compared to larger businesses. Small businesses manufacture, on
average, 4 base models covered by this rule, while large businesses
manufacture an average of 34 affected base models. Thus, small
businesses are subject to fewer testing procedures for base models, and
testing costs for large businesses are estimated to be approximately
8.5 times higher than costs for small businesses. DOE has, therefore,
concluded that large and small entities would incur a proportional
distribution of costs associated with the new testing requirements.
DOE conducted an analysis to measure the testing cost burden
relative to the net profits of small manufacturers. The analysis
utilized financial data gathered from other public sources to derive
the average annual net profits of the small businesses impacted by this
rule. The average industry net profit margin was estimated at 7.74
percent.\8\ Net profits represent gross profits minus all overhead
costs and expenditures. The annualized costs associated with this
rulemaking were then compared to estimated net profits to determine the
magnitude of the cost impacts of this regulation on small businesses.
Based on this analysis, DOE estimates that the total increase in
testing burden amounts to approximately 0.8 percent or 1.2 percent of
low and high end cost estimates, respectively. DOE further estimates
that the cost burden of the testing procedures is equal to
approximately 0.1 percent of average annual sales ($8.9 million) per
small entity affected by this regulation. DOE concludes that these
values do not represent a significant economic impact.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ BizStats. Free Business Statistics and Financial Ratios.
Industry Income-Expense Statements. (Last accessed February 17,
2011.) <http://www.bizstats.com/corporation-industry-financials/manufacturing-31/machinery-manufacturing-333/ventilation-heating-a-c-and-commercial-refrigeration-equipment-333410/show>.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on the criteria outlined above, DOE has determined that the
proposed testing procedure amendments would not have a ``significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities,'' and the
preparation of a regulatory flexibility analysis is not warranted. DOE
will transmit the certification and supporting statement of factual
basis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business
Administration for review under 5 U.S.C. 605(b).
DOE seeks comment on its reasoning that the proposed test procedure
changes would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of
small entities.
C. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
Manufacturers of automatic commercial ice makers must certify to
DOE that their equipment complies with any applicable energy
conservation standard. In certifying compliance, manufacturers must
test their equipment according to the DOE test procedure for automatic
commercial ice makers, including any amendments adopted for that test
procedure. DOE has proposed regulations for the certification and
recordkeeping requirements for all covered consumer products and
commercial equipment, including automatic commercial ice makers. 75 FR
56796 (Sept. 16, 2010). The collection-of-information requirement for
the certification and recordkeeping is subject to review and approval
by OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA). This requirement has
been submitted to OMB for approval. Public reporting burden for the
certification is estimated to average 20 hours per response, including
the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,
gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing
the collection of information.
Public comment is sought regarding whether this proposed collection
of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions
of the agency, including whether the information shall have practical
utility; the accuracy of the burden estimate; ways to enhance the
quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and
ways to minimize the
[[Page 18441]]
burden of the collection of information, including through the use of
automated collection techniques or other forms of information
technology. Send comments on these or any other aspects of the
collection of information to Charles Llenza (see ADDRESSES) and by e-
mail to [email protected].
Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, no person is
required to respond to, nor shall any person be subject to a penalty
for failure to comply with, a collection of information subject to the
requirements of the PRA, unless that collection of information displays
a currently valid OMB Control Number.
D. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act
In this proposed rule, DOE proposes amendments to test procedures
that may be used to implement future energy conservation standards for
automatic commercial ice makers. DOE has determined that this rule
falls into a class of actions that are categorically excluded from
review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA; 42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). The rule is covered by Categorical Exclusion A5,
for rulemakings that interpret or amend an existing rule without
changing the environmental effect, as set forth in DOE's NEPA
regulations in appendix A to subpart D, 10 CFR part 1021. This rule
would not affect the quality or distribution of energy usage and,
therefore, would not result in any environmental impacts. Accordingly,
neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact
statement is required.
E. Review Under Executive Order 13132
Executive Order 13132, ``Federalism,'' 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999),
imposes certain requirements on agencies formulating and implementing
policies or regulations that preempt State law or that have federalism
implications. The Executive Order requires agencies to examine the
constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would
limit the policymaking discretion of the States and to carefully assess
the necessity for such actions. The Executive Order also requires
agencies to have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory
policies that have federalism implications. On March 14, 2000, DOE
published a statement of policy describing the intergovernmental
consultation process it will follow in the development of such
regulations. 65 FR 13735. DOE has examined today's proposed rule and
has determined that it would not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between the national government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. EPCA governs and prescribes Federal
preemption of State regulations as to energy conservation for the
equipment that is the subject of today's proposed rule. States can
petition DOE for a waiver of such preemption to the extent, and based
on criteria, set forth in EPCA. (42 U.S.C. 6297) No further action is
required by Executive Order 13132.
F. Review Under Executive Order 12988
With respect to the review of existing regulations and the
promulgation of new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988,
``Civil Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (Feb. 7, 1996), imposes on Federal
agencies the general duty to adhere to the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected
conduct rather than a general standard; and (4) promote simplification
and burden reduction. Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12988
specifically requires that Executive agencies make every reasonable
effort so that the regulation: (1) Clearly specifies the preemptive
effect, if any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing Federal
law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for affected
conduct while promoting simplification and burden reduction; (4)
specifies the retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines key
terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity and
general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney
General. Section 3(c) of Executive Order 12988 requires Executive
agencies to review regulations in light of applicable standards in
sections 3(a) and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is
unreasonable to meet one or more of them. DOE has completed the
required review and determined that, to the extent permitted by law,
the proposed rule meets the relevant standards of Executive Order
12988.
G. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA; Pub. L.
104-4) requires each Federal agency to assess the effects of Federal
regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the
private sector. For proposed regulatory actions likely to result in a
rule that may cause expenditures by State, local, and Tribal
governments in the aggregate or by the private sector of $100 million
or more in any one year (adjusted annually for inflation), section 202
of UMRA requires a Federal agency to publish estimates of the resulting
costs, benefits, and other effects on the national economy. (2 U.S.C.
1532(a), (b)) The UMRA also requires a Federal agency to develop an
effective process to permit timely input by elected officers of State,
local, and Tribal governments on a proposed ``significant
intergovernmental mandate'' and requires an agency plan for giving
notice and opportunity for timely input to potentially affected small
governments before establishing any requirements that might
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. On March 18, 1997,
DOE published a statement of policy on its process for
intergovernmental consultation under UMRA. 62 FR 12820. (This policy is
also available at http://www.gc.doe.gov.) Today's proposed rule
contains neither an intergovernmental mandate nor a mandate that may
result in the expenditure of $100 million or more in any year, so these
requirements do not apply.
H. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
1999
Section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 1999 (Pub. L. 105-277) requires Federal agencies to issue a Family
Policymaking Assessment for any proposed rule that may affect family
well-being. Today's proposed rule would not have any impact on the
autonomy or integrity of the family as an institution. Accordingly, DOE
has concluded that it is unnecessary to prepare a Family Policymaking
Assessment.
I. Review Under Executive Order 12630
DOE has determined, under Executive Order 12630, ``Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights,'' 53 FR 8859 (March 15, 1988), that this proposed regulation,
if promulgated as a final rule, would not result in any takings that
might require compensation under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution.
J. Review Under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act,
2001
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations
Act, 2001 (44 U.S.C. 3516, note) provides for agencies to review most
disseminations of information to the public under guidelines
established by each agency pursuant to general
[[Page 18442]]
guidelines issued by OMB. The OMB's guidelines were published in 67 FR
8452 (Feb. 22, 2002), and DOE's guidelines were published in 67 FR
62446 (Oct. 7, 2002). DOE has reviewed today's proposed rule under the
OMB and DOE guidelines and has concluded that it is consistent with
applicable policies in those guidelines.
K. Review Under Executive Order 13211
Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use,'' 66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001), requires Federal agencies to prepare and submit to
OIRA, within OMB, a Statement of Energy Effects for any proposed
significant energy action. A ``significant energy action'' is defined
as any action by an agency that promulgated or is expected to lead to
promulgation of a final rule, and that (1) Is a significant regulatory
action under Executive Order 12866, or any successor order; and (2) is
likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy; or (3) is designated by the
Administrator of OIRA as a significant energy action. For any proposed
significant energy action, the agency must give a detailed statement of
any adverse effects on energy supply, distribution, or use should the
proposal be implemented, and of reasonable alternatives to the action
and their expected benefits on energy supply, distribution, and use.
Today's regulatory action to amend the test procedures for
measuring the energy efficiency of automatic commercial ice makers is
not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.
Moreover, it would not have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy, nor has it been designated as a
significant energy action by the Administrator of OIRA. Therefore, it
is not a significant energy action, and, accordingly, DOE has not
prepared a Statement of Energy Effects.
L. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of
1974
Under section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization Act
(Pub. L. 95-91), DOE must comply with section 32 of the Federal Energy
Administration Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-275), as amended by the Federal
Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977 (15 U.S.C. 788).
Section 32 provides in relevant part that, where a proposed rule
authorizes or requires use of commercial standards, the notice of
proposed rulemaking must inform the public of the use and background of
such standards. In addition, section 32(c) requires DOE to consult with
the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission
concerning the impact of the commercial or industry standards on
competition.
On December 8, 2006, DOE published a final rule that adopted the
test procedure specified ARI Standard 810-2003, ``Performance Rating of
Automatic Commercial Ice-Makers,'' section 3, ``Definitions,'' section
4, ``Test Requirements,'' and section 5, ``Rating Requirements,'' with
a revised method for calculating the energy consumption rate. ARI
Standard 810-2003 references the ASHRAE Standard 29-1988 (RA 2005),
``Method of Testing Automatic Ice Makers,'' as the method of test. 71
FR 71340, 71350. The proposed rule incorporates testing methods
contained in the revisions to these commercial standards, AHRI Standard
810-2007, ``Performance Rating of Automatic Commercial Ice-Makers,''
section 3, ``Definitions,'' section 4, ``Test Requirements,'' and
section 5, ``Rating Requirements'' and ASHRAE Standard 29-2009,
``Method of Testing Automatic Ice Makers.'' DOE has evaluated these
standards and is unable to conclude whether they fully comply with the
requirements of section 323(b) of the Federal Energy Administration Act
(i.e., whether they were developed in a manner that fully provides for
public participation, comment, and review).
As required by section 32(c) of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974, as amended, DOE will consult with the Attorney General and
the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission before prescribing a final
rule about the impact on competition of using the methods contained in
these standards.
V. Public Participation
A. Attendance at Public Meeting
The time, date, and location of the public meeting are listed in
the DATES and ADDRESSES sections at the beginning of this document. If
you plan to attend the public meeting, please notify Ms. Brenda Edwards
at (202) 586-2945 or [email protected].
As explained in the ADDRESSES section, foreign nationals visiting
DOE Headquarters are subject to advance security screening procedures.
In addition, you can attend the public meeting via webinar. Webinar
registration information, participant instructions, and information
about the capabilities available to webinar participants will be
published on DOE's Web site http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/automatic_ice_making_equipment.html.
Participants are responsible for ensuring their systems are compatible
with the webinar software.
B. Procedure for Submitting Prepared General Statements for
Distribution
Any person who plans to present a prepared general statement may
request that copies of his or her statement be made available at the
public meeting. Such persons may submit requests, along with an advance
electronic copy of their statement in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word
or Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format, to the appropriate
address shown in the ADDRESSES section at the beginning of this notice.
The request and advance copy of statements must be received at least
one week before the public meeting and may be e-mailed, hand-delivered,
or sent by mail. DOE prefers to receive requests and advance copies via
e-mail. Please include a telephone number to enable DOE staff to make a
follow-up contact, if needed.
C. Conduct of Public Meeting
DOE will designate a DOE official to preside at the public meeting
and may also employ a professional facilitator to aid discussion. The
meeting will not be a judicial or evidentiary-type public hearing, but
DOE will conduct it in accordance with section 336 of EPCA (42 U.S.C.
6306) A court reporter will record the proceedings and prepare a
transcript. DOE reserves the right to schedule the order of
presentations and to establish the procedures governing the conduct of
the public meeting. After the public meeting, interested parties may
submit further comments on the proceedings as well as on any aspect of
the rulemaking until the end of the comment period.
The public meeting will be conducted in an informal conference
style. DOE will present summaries of comments received before the
public meeting, allow time for prepared general statements by
participants, and encourage all interested parties to share their views
on issues affecting this rulemaking. Each participant will be allowed
to make a general statement (within DOE-determined time limits) prior
to the discussion of specific topics. DOE will permit, as time allows,
other participants to comment briefly on any general statements.
At the end of all prepared statements on a topic, DOE will permit
participants to clarify their statements briefly and comment on
statements made by others. Participants should be prepared to
[[Page 18443]]
answer questions from DOE and other participants concerning these
issues. DOE representatives may also ask questions of participants
concerning other matters relevant to this rulemaking. The official
conducting the public meeting will accept additional comments or
questions from those attending, as time permits. The presiding official
will announce any further procedural rules or modification of the above
procedures that may be needed for the proper conduct of the public
meeting.
A transcript of the public meeting will be included in the docket,
which can be viewed as described in the Docket section at the beginning
of this notice. In addition, any person may buy a copy of the
transcript from the transcribing reporter.
D. Submission of Comments
DOE will accept comments, data, and other information regarding the
proposed rule before or after the public meeting, but no later than the
date provided in the DATES section at the beginning of this proposed
rule. Interested parties may submit comments using any of the methods
described in the ADDRESSES section at the beginning of this notice.
Submitting comments via regulations.gov. The regulations.gov
webpage will require you to provide your name and contact information.
Your contact information will be viewable to DOE Building Technologies
staff only. Your contact information will not be publicly viewable
except for your first and last names, organization name (if any), and
submitter representative name (if any). If your comment is not
processed properly because of technical difficulties, DOE will use this
information to contact you. If DOE cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, DOE
may not be able to consider your comment.
However, your contact information will be publicly viewable if you
include it in the comment or in any documents attached to your comment.
Any information that you do not want to be publicly viewable should not
be included in your comment, nor in any document attached to your
comment. Persons viewing comments will see only first and last names,
organization names, correspondence containing comments, and any
documents submitted with the comments.
Do not submit to regulations.gov information for which disclosure
is restricted by statute, such as trade secrets and commercial or
financial information (hereinafter referred to as Confidential Business
Information (CBI). Comments submitted through regulations.gov cannot be
claimed as CBI. Comments received through the Web site will waive any
CBI claims for the information submitted. For information on submitting
CBI, see the Confidential Business Information section.
DOE processes submissions made through regulations.gov before
posting. Normally, comments will be posted within a few days of being
submitted. However, if large volumes of comments are being processed
simultaneously, your comment may not be viewable for up to several
weeks. Please keep the comment tracking number that regulations.gov
provides after you have successfully uploaded your comment.
Submitting comments via e-mail, hand delivery, or mail. Comments
and documents submitted via e-mail, hand delivery, or mail also will be
posted to regulations.gov. If you do not want your personal contact
information to be publicly viewable, do not include it in your comment
or any accompanying documents. Instead, provide your contact
information on a cover letter. Include your first and last names, e-
mail address, telephone number, and optional mailing address. The cover
letter will not be publicly viewable as long as it does not include any
comments.
Include contact information each time you submit comments, data,
documents, and other information to DOE. E-mail submissions are
preferred. If you submit via mail or hand delivery, please provide all
items on a CD, if feasible. It is not necessary to submit printed
copies. No facsimiles (faxes) will be accepted.
Comments, data, and other information submitted to DOE
electronically should be provided in PDF (preferred), Microsoft Word or
Excel, WordPerfect, or text (ASCII) file format.
Provide documents that are not secured, are written in English, and
are free of any defects or viruses. Documents should not contain
special characters or any form of encryption and, if possible, they
should carry the electronic signature of the author.
Campaign form letters. Please submit campaign form letters by the
originating organization in batches of between 50 and 500 form letters
per PDF or as one form letter with a list of supporters' names compiled
into one or more PDFs. This reduces comment processing and posting
time.
Confidential Business Information. According to 10 CFR 1004.11, any
person submitting information that he or she believes to be
confidential and exempt by law from public disclosure should submit via
e-mail, postal mail, or hand delivery two well-marked copies: one copy
of the document marked confidential including all the information
believed to be confidential, and one copy of the document marked non-
confidential with the information believed to be confidential deleted.
Submit these documents via e-mail or on a CD, if feasible. DOE will
make its own determination about the confidential status of the
information and treat it according to its determination.
Factors of interest to DOE when evaluating requests to treat
submitted information as confidential include: (1) A description of the
items; (2) whether and why such items are customarily treated as
confidential within the industry; (3) whether the information is
generally known by or available from other sources; (4) whether the
information has previously been made available to others without
obligation concerning its confidentiality; (5) an explanation of the
competitive injury to the submitting person which would result from
public disclosure; (6) when such information might lose its
confidential character due to the passage of time; and (7) why
disclosure of the information would be contrary to the public interest.
It is DOE's policy that all comments may be included in the public
docket, without change and as received, including any personal
information provided in the comments (except information deemed to be
exempt from public disclosure).
E. Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment
Although comments are welcome on all aspects of this rulemaking,
DOE is particularly interested in receiving comments on following
issues.
Issues presented in the preamble to the proposed rule:
1. DOE requests comment on its determination that the proposed test
procedure amendments will not affect the measured energy or water
consumption of automatic commercial ice makers that are currently
covered under energy conservation standards. DOE also requests comment
on the proposal that the use of amended test procedure be required upon
the effective date of any test procedure final rule, 30 days after
publication.
2. DOE requests comment on updating the referenced industry test
procedures to the most current version.
3. DOE requests comment on expanding the capacity range from 50 to
2,500 pounds of ice per 24 hours to 50
[[Page 18444]]
to 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours. DOE requests comment on providing
test methods for continuous type ice makers.
4. DOE requests comment on the proposed method to normalize energy
and condenser water consumption to 32 [deg]F water with no water
content for continuous type ice makers.
5. DOE requests comments or data related to the impact of storage
bin effectiveness on the energy and water consumption of automatic
commercial ice makers. Specifically, DOE requests comment on the
appropriate test method and metric for storage bin effectiveness and
the burden associated with adopting such a test method.
6. DOE requests comment on the proposal to require testing of all
remote condensing ice makers with a dedicated remote condensing unit
and reporting of ice-making mechanism, compressor, and condenser energy
use.
7. DOE requests comment on the proposal to allow for optional test
procedure for modulating capacity automatic commercial ice makers.
Specifically, DOE requests comment on the weighting of the energy
consumption at the minimum and maximum capacity settings.
8. DOE requests comment on its proposal to incorporate AHRI
Standard 810-2007 without specification or clarification as to the
calculation for energy.
9. DOE requests comment on its determination that an additional
test procedure to quantify auxiliary energy use during non-ice making
periods is not justified given the relative magnitude of energy
consumption.
10. DOE requests comment on its decision not to measure potable
water used in making ice.
11. DOE requests additional data that would support evaluation of
the need for a standardized water hardness test.
12. DOE requests comment on testing units at the highest water
consumption purge setting. Specifically, DOE requests comment on the
difference in energy and water consumption when tested at the maximum
purge setting versus the purge setting as specified by the
manufacturer.
13. DOE seeks comment on its estimated additional cost of testing
due to the new requirements for testing presented in this NOPR.
Specifically, DOE seeks comment on the impacts of the additional cost
of testing on small manufacturers.
14. DOE seeks comment on its reasoning that the proposed test
procedure changes will not have a significant impact on a substantial
number of small entities.
VI. Approval of the Office of the Secretary
The Secretary of Energy has approved publication of today's
proposed rule.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 431
Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business
information, Energy conservation test procedures, Incorporation by
reference, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, and Small
business.
Issued in Washington, DC, on March 24, 2011.
Kathleen Hogan,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Technology
Development, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, DOE proposes to amend
part 431 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations to read as follows:
PART 431--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
1. The authority citation for part 431 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6317.
2. Section 431.132 is amended by adding in alphabetical order the
definitions of ``batch type ice maker'' and ``continuous type ice
maker;'' and revising the definition of ``energy use'' to read as
follows:
Sec. 431.132 Definitions concerning automatic commercial ice makers.
* * * * *
Batch type ice maker means an ice maker having alternate freezing
and harvesting periods. This includes automatic commercial ice makers
that produce cube type ice, tube type automatic commercial ice makers,
and other batch technologies. Also referred to as cube type ice maker
in AHRI Standard 810-2007 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.133), AHRI Standard 810-2007's definition clarifies that ``cube''
does not reference a specific size or shape and includes all automatic
commercial ice makers with alternate freezing and harvesting periods.
Continuous type ice maker means an ice maker that continuously
freezes and harvests ice at the same time.
* * * * *
Energy use means the total energy consumed, stated in kilowatt
hours per one-hundred pounds (kWh/100 lb) of ice stated in multiples of
0.1. For remote condensing (but not remote compressor) automatic
commercial ice makers and remote condensing and remote compressor
automatic commercial ice makers, total energy consumed shall include
the energy use of the ice-making mechanism, the compressor, and the
remote condenser or condensing unit.
* * * * *
3. Section 431.133 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 431.133 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) General. We incorporate by reference the following standards
into Subpart H of Part 431. The material listed has been approved for
incorporation by reference by the Director of the Federal Register in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Any subsequent
amendment to a standard by the standard-setting organization will not
affect the DOE regulations unless and until amended by DOE. Material is
incorporated as it exists on the date of the approval and a notice of
any change in the material will be published in the Federal Register.
All approved material is available for inspection at the National
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030 or go to
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. Also, this material is available for
inspection at U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, 6th Floor, 950
L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Washington, DC 20024, 202-586-2945, or go to:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/. Standards
can be obtained from the sources listed below.
(b) AHRI. The Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA) merged
in 2008 with the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute to become
the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI).
Anyone can obtain a copy of AHRI Standard 810-2007 from the Air-
Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, 2111 Wilson Blvd,
Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22201, (703) 524-8800, [email protected], or
http://www.ahrinet.org/Content/StandardsProgram_20.aspx.
(1) Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Standard
810-2007, ``Performance Rating of Automatic Commercial Ice Makers,''
(``AHRI Standard 810-2007''), IBR approved for Sec. 431.134.
(2) [Reserved].
(c) ASHRAE. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
[[Page 18445]]
Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, NE., Atlanta, GA
30329, (404) 636-8400, [email protected], or http://www.ashrae.org.
(1) American National Standards Institute/American Society of
Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standard 29-
2009, (``ASHRAE Standard 29-2009''), ``Method of Testing Automatic Ice
Makers,'' IBR approved for Sec. 431.134.
(2) [Reserved].
4. Section 431.134 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 431.134 Uniform test methods for the measurement of energy and
water consumption of automatic commercial ice makers.
(a) Scope. This section provides the test procedures for measuring,
pursuant to EPCA, the energy use in kilowatt hours per 100 pounds of
ice (kWh/100 lb ice) and the condenser water use in gallons per 100
pounds of ice (gal/100 lb ice) of automatic commercial ice makers with
capacities between 50 and 4,000 pounds of ice per 24 hours.
(b) Testing and Calculations. Measure the energy use and the
condenser water use of each covered product by conducting the test
procedures set forth in AHRI Standard 810-2007, section 3,
``Definitions,'' section 4, ``Test Requirements,'' and section 5,
``Rating Requirements'' (incorporated by reference, see Sec. 431.133).
Where AHRI Standard 810-2007 references ``ASHRAE Standard 29,'' ASHRAE
Standard 29-2009 shall be used (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
431.133).
(1) For batch type automatic commercial ice-making heads, remote
condensing (but not remote compressor) automatic commercial ice makers,
and remote condensing and remote compressor automatic commercial ice
makers; the energy use and condenser water use will be reported as
measured in this paragraph (b), including the energy and water
consumption, as applicable, of the ice-making mechanism, the
compressor, and the condenser or condensing unit.
(2)(i) For continuous type automatic commercial ice makers,
determine the energy use and condenser water use by multiplying the
energy consumption or condenser water use as measured in this paragraph
(b) by the ice quality adjustment factor, determined using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP04AP11.005
(ii) Determine the calorimeter constant as specified in the
``Procedure for Determining Ice Quality'' in section A.3 of normative
annex A of ASHRAE Standard 29-2009 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec. 431.133).
(3) For batch and continuous type automatic ice makers with
multiple capacity settings, determine the energy use and condenser
water use by performing the test procedures in this section at the
highest capacity setting. The energy consumption and condenser water
use may optionally be determined by testing the multiple capacity
automatic commercial ice makers at both the highest and the lowest
capacity settings and averaging the two results.
[FR Doc. 2011-7728 Filed 4-1-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P