[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 10, Volume 3]
[Revised as of January 1, 2001]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 10CFR430.27]
[Page 125-258]
TITLE 10--ENERGY
CHAPTER II--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS--Table of Contents
Subpart B--Test Procedures
Sec. 430.27 Petitions for waiver and applications for interim waiver.
(a)(1) Any interested person may submit a petition to waive for a
particular
[[Page 126]]
basic model any requirements of Sec. 430.23, or of any appendix to this
subpart, upon the grounds that the basic model contains one or more
design characteristics which either prevent testing of the basic model
according to the prescribed test procedures, or the prescribed test
procedures may evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative
of its true energy consumption characteristics, or water consumption
characteristics (in the case of faucets, showerheads, water closets, and
urinals) as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data.
(2) Any interested person who has submitted a Petition for Waiver as
provided in this subpart may also file an Application for Interim Waiver
of the applicable test procedure requirements.
(b)(1) A Petition for Waiver shall be submitted, in triplicate, to
the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, United
States Department of Energy. Each Petition for Waiver shall:
(i) Identify the particular basic model(s) for which a waiver is
requested, the design characteristic(s) constituting the grounds for the
petition, and the specific requirements sought to be waived and shall
discuss in detail the need for the requested waiver;
(ii) Identify manufacturers of all other basic models marketed in
the United States and known to the petitioner to incorporate similar
design characteristic(s);
(iii) Include any alternate test procedures known to the petitioner
to evaluate in a manner representative of the energy consumption
characteristics, or water consumption characteristics (in the case of
faucets, showerheads, water closets, and urinals) of the basic model;
and
(iv) Be signed by the petitioner or by an authorized representative.
In accordance with the provisions set forth in 10 CFR 1004.11, any
request for confidential treatment of any information contained in a
Petition for Waiver or in supporting documentation must be accompanied
by a copy of the petition, application or supporting documentation from
which the information claimed to be confidential has been deleted. DOE
shall publish in the Federal Register the petition and supporting
documents from which confidential information, as determined by DOE, has
been deleted in accordance with 10 CFR 1004.11 and shall solicit
comments, data and information with respect to the determination of the
petition. Any person submitting written comments to DOE with the respect
to a Petition for Waiver shall also send a copy of such comments to the
petitioner. In accordance with paragraph (i) of this section, a
petitioner may submit a rebuttal statement to the Assistant Secretary
for Conservation and Renewable Energy.
(2) An Application for Interim Waiver shall be submitted in
triplicate, with the required three copies of the Petition for Waiver,
to the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, U.S.
Department of Energy. Each Application for Interim Waiver shall
reference the Petition for Waiver by identifying the particular basic
model(s) for which a waiver and temporary exception are being sought.
Each Application for Interim Waiver shall demonstrate likely success of
the Petition for Waiver and shall address what economic hardship and/or
competitive disadvantage is likely to result absent a favorable
determination on the Application for Interim Waiver. Each Application
for Interim Waiver shall be signed by the applicant or by an authorized
representative.
(c)(1) Each petitioner, after filing a Petition for Waiver with DOE,
and after the Petition for Waiver has been published in the Federal
Register, shall, within five working days of such publication, notify in
writing all known manufacturers of domestically marketed units of the
same product type (as listed in section 322(a) of the Act) and shall
include in the notice a statement that DOE has published in the Federal
Register on a certain date the Petition for Waiver and supporting
documents from which confidential information, if any, as determined by
DOE, has been deleted in accordance with 10 CFR 1004.11. Each
petitioner, in complying with the requirements of this paragraph, shall
file with DOE a statement certifying the names and addresses of each
person to
[[Page 127]]
whom a notice of the Petition for Waiver has been sent.
(2) Each applicant for Interim Waiver, whether filing jointly with,
or subsequent to, a Petition for Waiver with DOE, shall concurrently
notify in writing all known manufacturers of domestically marketed units
of the same product type (as listed in Section 322(a) of the Act) and
shall include in the notice a copy of the Petition for Waiver and a copy
of the Application for Interim Waiver. In complying with this section,
each applicant shall in the written notification include a statement
that the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy will
receive and consider timely written comments on the Application for
Interim Waiver. Each applicant, upon filing an Application for Interim
Waiver, shall in complying with the requirements of this paragraph
certify to DOE that a copy of these documents have been sent to all
known manufacturers of domestically marked units of the same product
type (as listed in section 322(a) of the Act). Such certification shall
include the names and addresses of such persons. Each applicant also
shall comply with the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section
with respect to the petition for waiver.
(d) Any person submitting written comments to DOE with respect to an
Application for Interim Waiver shall also send a copy of the comments to
the applicant.
(e) If administratively feasible, applicant shall be notified in
writing of the disposition of the Application for Interim Waiver within
15 business days of receipt of the application. Notice of DOE's
determination on the Application for Interim Waiver shall be published
in the Federal Register.
(f) The filing of an Application for Interim Waiver shall not
constitute grounds for noncompliance with any requirements of this
subpart, until an Interim Waiver has been granted.
(g) An Interim Waiver from test procedure requirements will be
granted by the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy
if it is determined that the applicant will experience economic hardship
if the Application for Interim Waiver is denied, if it appears likely
that the Petition for Waiver will be granted, and/or the Assistant
Secretary determines that it would be desirable for public policy
reasons to grant immediate relief pending a determination on the
Petition for Waiver.
(h) An interim waiver will terminate 180 days after issuance or upon
the determination on the Petition for Waiver, whichever occurs first. An
interim waiver may be extended by DOE for 180 days. Notice of such
extension and/or any modification of the terms or duration of the
interim waiver shall be published in the Federal Register, and shall be
based on relevant information contained in the record and any comments
received subsequent to issuance of the interim waiver.
(i) Following publication of the Petition for Waiver in the Federal
Register, a petitioner may, within 10 working days of receipt of a copy
of any comments submitted in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this
section, submit a rebuttal statement to the Assistant Secretary for
Conservation and Renewable Energy. A petitioner may rebut more than one
response in a single rebuttal statement.
(j) The petitioner shall be notified in writing as soon as
practicable of the disposition of each Petition for Waiver. The
Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy shall issue a
decision on the petition as soon as is practicable following receipt and
review of the Petition for Waiver and other applicable documents,
including, but not limited to, comments and rebuttal statements.
(k) The filing of a Petition for Waiver shall not constitute grounds
for noncompliance with any requirements of this subpart, until a waiver
or interim waiver has been granted.
(l) Waivers will be granted by the Assistant Secretary for
Conservation and Renewable Energy, if it is determined that the basic
model for which the waiver was requested contains a design
characteristic which either prevents testing of the basic model
according to the prescribed test procedures, or the prescribed test
procedures may evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative
of its true energy consumption characteristics, or water consumption
characteristics (in the case of
[[Page 128]]
faucets, showerheads, water closets, and urinals) as to provide
materially inaccurate comparative data. Waivers may be granted subject
to conditions, which may include adherence to alternate test procedures
specified by the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable
Energy. The Assistant Secretary shall consult with the Federal Trade
Commission prior to granting any waiver, and shall promptly publish in
the Federal Register notice of each waiver granted or denied, and any
limiting conditions of each waiver granted.
(m) Within one year of the granting of any waiver, the Department of
Energy will publish in the Federal Register a notice of proposed
rulemaking to amend its regulations so as to eliminate any need for the
continuation of such waiver. As soon thereafter as practicable, the
Department of Energy will publish in the Federal Register a final rule.
Such waiver will terminate on the effective date of such final rule.
(n) In order to exhaust administrative remedies, any person
aggrieved by an action under this section must file an appeal with the
DOE's Office of Hearings and Appeals as provided in 10 CFR part 1003,
subpart C.
[51 FR 42826, Nov. 26, 1986, as amended at 60 FR 15017, Mar. 21, 1995;
63 FR 13316, Mar. 18, 1998]
Appendix A1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Electric Refrigerators and Electric
Refrigerator-Freezers
1. Definitions
1.1 ``HRF-1-1979'' means the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers standard for household refrigerators, combination
refrigerator-freezers, and household freezers, also approved as an
American National Standard as a revision of ANSI B 38.1-1970.
1.2 ``Adjusted total volume'' means the sum of (i) the fresh food
compartment volume as defined in HRF-1-1979 in cubic feet, and (ii) the
product of an adjustment factor and the net freezer compartment volume
as defined in HRF-1-1979, in cubic feet.
1.3 ``Anti-sweat heater'' means a device incorporated into the
design of a refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer to prevent the
accumulation of moisture on exterior surfaces of the cabinet under
conditions of high ambient humidity.
1.4 ``All-refrigerator'' means an electric refrigerator which does
not include a compartment for the freezing and long time storage of food
at temperatures below 32 deg.F. (0.0 deg.C.). It may include a
compartment of 0.50 cubic feet capacity (14.2 liters) or less for the
freezing and storage of ice.
1.5 ``Cycle'' means the period of 24 hours for which the energy use
of an electric refrigerator or electric refrigerator-freezer is
calculated as though the consumer activated compartment temperature
controls were set so that the desired compartment temperatures were
maintained.
1.6 ``Cycle type'' means the set of test conditions having the
calculated effect of operating an electric refrigerator or electric
refrigerator-freezer for a period of 24 hours, with the consumer
activated controls other than those that control compartment
temperatures set to establish various operating characteristics.
1.7 ``Standard cycle'' means the cycle type in which the anti-sweat
heater control, when provided, is set in the highest energy consuming
position.
1.8 ``Automatic defrost'' means a system in which the defrost cycle
is automatically initiated and terminated, with resumption of normal
refrigeration at the conclusion of the defrost operation. The system
automatically prevents the permanent formation of frost on all
refrigerated surfaces. Nominal refrigerated food temperatures are
maintained during the operation of the automatic defrost system.
1.9 ``Long-time Automatic Defrost'' means an automatic defrost
system where successive defrost cycles are separated by 14 hours or more
of compressor-operating time.
1.10 ``Stabilization Period'' means the total period of time during
which steady-state conditions are being attained or evaluated.
1.11 ``Variable defrost control'' means a long-time automatic
defrost system (except the 14-hour defrost qualification does not apply)
where successive defrost cycles are determined by an operating condition
variable or variables other than solely compressor operating time. This
includes any electrical or mechanical device. Demand defrost is a type
of variable defrost control.
1.12 ``Externally vented refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer''
means an electric refrigerator or electric refrigerator-freezer that:
has an enclosed condenser or an enclosed condenser/compressor
compartment and a set of air ducts for transferring the exterior air
from outside the building envelope into, through and out of the
refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer cabinet; is capable of mixing
[[Page 129]]
exterior air with the room air before discharging into, through, and out
of the condenser or condenser/compressor compartment; includes
thermostatically controlled dampers or controls that enable the mixing
of the exterior and room air at low outdoor temperatures, and the
exclusion of exterior air when the outdoor air temperature is above 80
deg.F or the room air temperature; and may have a thermostatically
actuated exterior air fan.
2. Test Conditions
2.1 Ambient temperature. The ambient temperature shall be 90.0
1 deg.F. (32.30.6 deg.C.) during the
stabilization period and during the test period. The ambient temperature
shall be 802 deg.F dry bulb and 67 deg.F wet bulb during
the stabilization period and during the test period when the unit is
tested in accordance with section 3.3.
2.2 Operational conditions. The electric refrigerator or electric
refrigerator-freezer shall be installed and its operating conditions
maintained in accordance with HRF-1-1979, section 7.2 through section
7.4.3.3, except that the vertical ambient temperature gradient at
locations 10 inches (25.4 cm) out from the centers of the two sides of
the unit being tested is to be maintained during the test. Unless the
area is obstructed by shields or baffles, the gradient is to be
maintained from 2 inches (5.1 cm) above the floor or supporting platform
to a height one foot (30.5 cm) above the unit under test. Defrost
controls are to be operative and the anti-sweat heater switch is to be
``on'' during one test and ``off'' during a second test. Other
exceptions are noted in 2.3, 2.4, and 5.1 below.
2.3 Conditions for automatic defrost refrigerator-freezers. For
automatic defrost refrigerator-freezers, the freezer compartments shall
not be loaded with any frozen food packages. Cylindrical metallic masses
of dimensions 1.120.25 inches (2.90.6 cm) in
diameter and height shall be attached in good thermal contact with each
temperature sensor within the refrigerated compartments. All temperature
measuring sensor masses shall be supported by nonthermally conductive
supports in such a manner that there will be at least one inch (2.5 cm)
of air space separating the thermal mass from contact with any surface.
In case of interference with hardware at the sensor locations specified
in section 5.1, the sensors shall be placed at the nearest adjacent
location such that there will be a one inch air space separating the
sensor mass from the hardware.
2.4 Conditions for all-refrigerators. There shall be no load in the
freezer compartment during the test.
2.5 Steady State Condition. Steady state conditions exist if the
temperature measurements in all measured compartments taken at four
minute intervals or less during a stabilization period are not changing
at a rate greater than 0.042 deg.F. (0.023 deg.C.) per hour as
determined by the applicable condition of A or B.
A. The average of the measurements during a two hour period if no
cycling occurs or during a number of complete repetitive compressor
cycles through a period of no less than two hours is compare to the
average over an equivalent time period with three hours elapsed between
the two measurement periods.
B. If A above cannot be used, the average of the measurements during
a number of complete repetitive compressor cycles through a period of no
less than two hours and including the last complete cycle prior to a
defrost period, or if no cycling occurs, the average of the measurements
during the last two hours prior to a defrost period; are compared to the
same averaging period prior to the following defrost period.
2.6 Exterior air for externally vented refrigerator or
refrigerator-freezer. An exterior air source shall be provided with
adjustable temperature and pressure capabilities. The exterior air
temperature shall be adjustable from 351 deg.F
(1.70.6 deg.C) to 901 deg.F
(32.20.6 deg.C).
2.6.1 Air duct. The exterior air shall pass from the exterior air
source to the test unit through an insulated air duct.
2.6.2 Air temperature measurement. The air temperature entering the
condenser or condenser/compressor compartment shall be maintained to
3 deg.F (1.7 deg.C) during the stabilization and test
periods and shall be measured at the inlet point of the condenser or
condenser/compressor compartment (``condenser inlet''). Temperature
measurements shall be taken from at least three temperature sensors or
one sensor per 4 square inches of the air duct cross sectional area,
whichever is greater, and shall be averaged. For a unit that has a
condenser air fan, a minimum of three temperature sensors at the
condenser fan discharge shall be required. Temperature sensors shall be
arranged to be at the centers of equally divided cross sectional areas.
The exterior air temperature, at its source, shall be measured and
maintained to 1 deg.F (0.6 deg.C) during the test period.
The temperature measuring devices shall have an error not greater than
0.5 deg.F (0.3 deg.C). Measurements of the air
temperature during the test period shall be taken at regular intervals
not to exceed four minutes.
2.6.3 Exterior air static pressure. The exterior air static
pressure at the inlet point of the unit shall be adjusted to maintain a
negative pressure of 0.20"0.05" water column (62
Pa12.5 Pa) for all air flow rates supplied to the unit. The
pressure sensor shall be located on a straight duct with a distance of
at least 7.5 times the diameter of the duct upstream and a distance of
at least 3 times the diameter of the duct downstream. There shall be
[[Page 130]]
four static pressure taps at 90 deg.angles apart. The four pressures
shall be averaged by interconnecting the four pressure taps. The air
pressure measuring instrument shall have an error not greater than 0.01"
water column (2.5 Pa).
3. Test Control Settings
3.1 Model with no user operable temperature control. A test shall
be performed during which the compartment temperatures and energy use
shall be measured. A second test shall be performed with the temperature
control electrically short circuited to cause the compressor to run
continuously.
3.2 Model with user operable temperature control. Testing shall be
performed in accordance with one of the following sections using the
standardized temperatures of:
All-refrigerator: 38 deg.F. (3.3 deg.C.) fresh food compartment
temperature
Refrigerator: 15 deg.F. (-9.4 deg.C.) freezer compartment temperature
Refrigerator-freezer: 5 deg.F. (-15 deg.C.) freezer compartment
temperature
Variable defrost control models: 5 deg.F (-15 deg.C) freezer
compartment temperature and 38 2 deg.F fresh food
compartment temperature during steady-state conditions with no door-
openings. If both settings cannot be obtained, then test with the fresh
food compartment temperature at 382 deg.F and the freezer
compartment as close to 5 deg.F as possible.
3.2.1 A first test shall be performed with all compartment
temperature controls set at their median position midway between their
warmest and coldest settings. Knob detents shall be mechanically
defeated if necessary to attain a median setting. A second test shall be
performed with all controls set at either their warmest or their coldest
setting (not electrically or mechanically bypassed), whichever is
appropriate, to attempt to achieve compartment temperatures measured
during the two tests which bound (i.e., one is above and one is below)
the standardized temperature for the type of product being tested. If
the compartment temperatures measured during these two tests bound the
appropriate standardized temperature, then these test results shall be
used to determine energy consumption. If the compartment temperature
measured with all controls set at their coldest setting is above the
standardized temperature, a third test shall be performed with all
controls set at their warmest setting and the result of this test shall
be used with the result of the test performed with all controls set at
their coldest setting to determine energy consumption. If the
compartment temperature measured with all controls set at their warmest
setting is below the standardized temperature; and the fresh food
compartment temperature is below 45 deg.F. (7.22 deg.C.) in the case
of a refrigerator or a refrigerator-freezer, excluding an all-
refrigerator, then the result of this test alone will be used to
determine energy consumption.
3.2.2 Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all
temperature controls set at their warmest setting. If the compartment
temperature is below the appropriate standardized temperature, and the
fresh food compartment temperature is below 45 deg.F. (7.22 deg.C.) in
the case of a refrigerator or a refrigerator-freezer, excluding an all-
refrigerator, then the result of this test alone will be used to
determine energy consumption. If the above conditions are not met, then
the unit shall be tested in accordance with 3.2.1 above.
3.2.3 Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all
temperature controls set at their coldest setting. If the compartment
temperature is above the appropriate standardized temperature, a second
test shall be performed with all controls set at their warmest control
setting and the results of these two tests shall be used to determine
energy consumption. If the above condition is not met, then the unit
shall be tested in accordance with 3.2.1 above.
3.3 Variable defrost control optional test. After a steady-state
condition is achieved, the optional test requires door-openings for
122 seconds every 60 minutes on the fresh food compartment
door and a simultaneous 122 second freezer compartment door-
opening occurring every 4th time, to obtain 24 fresh food and six
freezer compartment door-openings per 24-hour period. The first freezer
door-opening shall be simultaneous with the fourth fresh food door-
opening. The doors are to be opened 60 deg.to 90 deg.with an average
velocity for the leading edge of the door of approximately 2 ft./sec.
Prior to the initiation of the door-opening sequence, the refrigerator
defrost control mechanism may be re-initiated in order to minimize the
test duration.
4. Test Period
4.1 Test Period. Tests shall be performed by establishing the
conditions set forth in Section 2, and using control settings as set
forth in Section 3, above.
4.1.1 Nonautomatic Defrost. If the model being tested has no
automatic defrost system, the test time period shall start after steady
state conditions have been achieved and be of not less than three hours
in duration. During the test period, the compressor motor shall complete
two or more whole compressor cycles (a compressor cycle is a complete
``on'' and a complete ``off'' period of the motor). If no ``off''
cycling will occur, as determined during the stabilization period, the
test period shall be three hours. If
[[Page 131]]
incomplete cycling (less than two compressor cycles) occurs during a 24
hour period, the results of the 24 hour period shall be used.
4.1.2 Automatic Defrost. If the model being tested has an automatic
defrost system, the test time period shall start after steady state
conditions have been achieved and be from one point during a defrost
period to the same point during the next defrost period. If the model
being tested has a long-time automatic defrost system, the alternative
provisions of 4.1.2.1 may be used.If the model being tested has a
variable defrost control, the provisions of section 4.1.2.2 or 4.1.2.3
shall apply. If the model has a dual compressor system the provisions of
4.1.2.4 shall apply.
4.1.2.1 Long-time Automatic Defrost. If the model being tested has
a long-time automatic defrost system, the test time period may consist
of two parts. A first part would be the same as the test for a unit
having no defrost provisions (section 4.1.1). The second part would
start when a defrost period is initiated during a compressor ``on''
cycle and terminate at the second turn ``on'' of the compressor motor or
after four hours, whichever comes first.
4.1.2.2 Variable defrost control. If the model being tested has a
variable defrost control system, the test shall consist of three parts.
Two parts shall be the same as the test for long-time automatic defrost
(section 4.1.2.1). The third part is the optional test to determine the
time between defrosts (section 5.2.1.3). The third part is used by
manufacturers that choose not to accept the default value of F of 0.20,
to calculate CT.
4.1.2.3 Variable defrost control optional test. After steady-state
conditions with no door openings are achieved in accordance with section
3.3 above, the test is continued using the above daily door-opening
sequence until stabilized operation is achieved. Stabilization is
defined as a minimum of three consecutive defrost cycles with times
between defrosts that will allow the calculation of a Mean Time Between
Defrosts (MTBD1) that satisfies the statistical relationship of 90
percent confidence. The test is repeated on at least one more unit of
the model and until the Mean Time Between Defrosts for the multiple unit
tests (MTBD2) satisfies the statistical relationship. If the time
between defrosts is greater than 96 hours (compressor ``on'' time) and
this defrost period can be repeated on a second unit, the test may be
terminated at 96 hours (CT) and the absolute time value used for MTBD
for each unit.
4.1.2.4 Dual compressor systems with automatic defrost. If the
model being tested has separate compressor systems for the refrigerator
and freezer sections, each with its own automatic defrost system, then
the two-part method in 4.1.2.1 shall be used. The second part of the
method will be conducted separately for each automatic defrost system.
The auxiliary components (fan motors, anti-sweat heaters, etc.) will be
identified for each system and the energy consumption measured during
each test.
5. Test Measurements
5.1 Temperature Measurements. Temperature measurements shall be
made at the locations prescribed in Figures 7.1 and 7.2 of HRF-1-1979
and shall be accurate to within 0.5 deg.F. (0.3 deg.C.)
of true value. No freezer temperature measurements need be taken in an
all-refrigerator model.
If the interior arrangements of the cabinet do not conform with
those shown in Figure 7.1 and 7.2 of HRF-1-1979, measurements shall be
taken at selected locations chosen to represent approximately the entire
refrigerated compartment. The locations selected shall be a matter of
record.
5.1.1 Measured Temperature. The measured temperature of a
compartment is to be the average of all sensor temperature readings
taken in that compartment at a particular time. Measurements shall be
taken at regular intervals not to exceed four minutes.
5.1.2 Compartment Temperature. The compartment temperature for each
test period shall be an average of the measured temperatures taken in a
compartment during a complete cycle or several complete cycles of the
compressor motor (one compressor cycle is one complete motor ``on'' and
one complete motor ``off'' period). For long-time automatic defrost
models, compartment temperatures shall be those measured in the first
part of the test period specified in 4.1.1. For models equipped with
variable defrost controls, compartment temperatures shall be those
measured in the first part of the test period specified in 4.1.2.2
above.
5.1.2.1 The number of complete compressor motor cycles over which
the measured temperatures in a compartment are to be averaged to
determine compartment temperature shall be equal to the number of
minutes between measured temperature readings, rounded up to the next
whole minute or a number of complete cycles over a time period exceeding
one hour. One of the cycles shall be the last complete compressor motor
cycle during the test period.
5.1.2.2 If no compressor motor cycling occurs, the compartment
temperature shall be the average of the measured temperatures taken
during the last thirty-two minutes of the test period.
5.1.2.3 If incomplete cycling occurs, the compartment temperatures
shall be the average of the measured temperatures taken during the last
three hours of the last complete ``on'' period.
5.2 Energy Measurements
[[Page 132]]
5.2.1 Per-day Energy Consumption. The energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per day for each test period shall be the energy expended
during the test period as specified in section 4.1 adjusted to a 24 hour
period. The adjustment shall be determined as follows:
5.2.1.1 Nonautomatic and automatic defrost models. The energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=EP x 1440/T
where
ET=test cycle energy expended in kilowatt-hours per day,
EP=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the test period,
T=length of time of the test period in minutes, and
1440=conversion factor to adjust to a 24 hour period in minutes per day.
5.2.1.2 Long-time Automatic Defrost. If the two part test method is
used, the energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be
calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x EP1/T1)+((EP2-(EP1 x T2/T1)) x 12/CT)
where
ET and 1440 are defined in 5.2.1.1,
EP1=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the first part of the test,
EP2=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second part of the
test,
T1 and T2=length of time in minutes of the first and second test parts
respectively,
CT=Defrost timer run time in hours required to cause it to go through a
complete cycle, to the nearest tenth hour per cycle, and
12=factor to adjust for a 50% run time of the compressor in hours per
day.
5.2.1.3 Variable defrost control. The energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x EP1/T1)+(EP2-(EP1 x T2/T1)) x (12/CT) where 1440 is defined
in 5.2.1.1 and EP1, EP2, T1, T2 and 12 are defined in 5.2.1.2.
CT=CTL x CTM)/
(F x (CTM-CTL)+CTL)
CTL=least or shortest time between defrosts in tenths of an
hour (greater than or equal to six but less than or equal to
12 hours)
CTM=maximum time between defrost cycles in tenths of an hour
(greater than CTL but not more than 96 hours)
F=ratio of per day energy consumption in excess of the least energy and
the maximum difference in per day energy consumption and is
equal to
F = (1/CT - 1/CTM)/(1/CTL - 1/CTM =
(ET-ETL)/ETM - ETL) or 0.20
in lieu of testing to find CT.
ETL = least electrical energy used (kilowatt hours)
ETM=maximum electrical energy used (kilowatt hours). For
demand defrost models with no values for CTL and
CTM in the algorithm the default values of 12 and
84 shall be used, respectively.
5.2.1.4 Optional test method for variable defrost controls.
CT = MTBD x 0.5
where:
MTBD = mean time between defrosts
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC14NO91.027
where:
X=in time between defrost cycles
N=number of defrost cycles
5.2.1.5 Dual compressor systems with dual automatic defrost. The
two-part test method in section 4.1.2.2 must be used, the energy
consumption in kilowatt per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x EP1/T1) + (EP2F - (EPF x T2/T1))
x 12/CTF + (EP2R - (EPR x
T3/T1)) x 12/CTR
Where 1440, EP1, T1, EP2, 12, and CT are defined in 5.2.1.2
EPF = energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second
part of the test for the freezer system by the freezer system.
EP2F = total energy expended during the second part of the
test for the freezer system.
EPR = energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second
part of the test for the refrigerator system by the
refrigerator system.
EP2R = total energy expended during the second part of the
test for the refrigerator system.
T2 and T3 = length of time in minutes of the second test part for the
freezer and refrigerator systems respectively.
CTF = compressor ``on'' time between freezer defrosts (tenths
of an hour).
CTR = compressor ``on'' time between refrigerator defrosts
(tenths of an hour).
5.3 Volume measurements. The electric refrigerator or electric
refrigerator-freezer total refrigerated volume, VT, shall be measured in
accordance with HRF-1-1979, section 3.20 and sections 4.2 through 4.3
and be calculated equivalent to:
VT=VF+VFF
where
VT=total refrigerated volume in cubic feet,
VF=freezer compartment volume in cubic feet, and
VFF=fresh food compartment volume in cubic feet.
5.4 Externally vented refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer units.
All test measurements for the externally vented refrigerator or
refrigerator-freezer shall be made in accordance with the requirements
of other sections of this appendix, except as modified in
[[Page 133]]
this section 5.4 or other sections expressly applicable to externally
vented refrigerators or refrigerator-freezers.
5.4.1 Operability of thermostatic and mixing of air controls. Prior
to conducting energy consumption tests, the operability of thermostatic
controls that permit the mixing of exterior and ambient air when
exterior air temperatures are less than 60 deg.F must be verified. The
operability of such controls shall be verified by operating the unit
under ambient air temperature of 90 deg.F and exterior air temperature
of 45 deg.F. If the inlet air entering the condenser or condenser/
compressor compartment is maintained at 60 deg.F, plus or minus three
degrees, energy consumption of the unit shall be measured under 5.4.2.2
and 5.4.2.3. If the inlet air entering the condenser or condenser/
compressor compartment is not maintained at 60 deg.F, plus or minus
three degrees, energy consumption of the unit shall also be measured
under 5.4.2.4.
5.4.2 Energy consumption tests.
5.4.2.1 Correction factor test. To enable calculation of a
correction factor, K, two full cycle tests shall be conducted to measure
energy consumption of the unit with air mixing controls disabled and the
condenser inlet air temperatures set at 90 deg.F (32.2 deg.C) and 80
deg.F (26.7 deg.C). Both tests shall be conducted with all compartment
temperature controls set at the position midway between their warmest
and coldest settings and the anti-sweat heater switch off. Record the
energy consumptions ec90 and ec80, in kWh/day.
5.4.2.2 Energy consumption at 90 deg.F. The unit shall be tested
at 90 deg.F (32.2 deg.C) exterior air temperature to record the energy
consumptions (e90)i in kWh/day. For a given
setting of the anti-sweat heater, i corresponds to each of the two
states of the compartment temperature control positions.
5.4.2.3 Energy consumption at 60 deg.F. The unit shall be tested
at 60 deg.F (26.7 deg.C) exterior air temperature to record the energy
consumptions (e60)i in kWh/day. For a given
setting of the anti-sweat heater, i corresponds to each of the two
states of the compartment temperature control positions.
5.4.2.4 Energy consumption if mixing controls do not operate
properly. If the operability of temperature and mixing controls has not
been verified as required under 5.4.1, the unit shall be tested at 50
deg.F (10.0 deg.C) and 30 deg.F (-1.1 deg.C) exterior air
temperatures to record the energy consumptions
(e50)i and (e30)i. For a
given setting of the anti-sweat heater, i corresponds to each of the two
states of the compartment temperature control positions.
6. Calculation of Derived Results from Test Measurements
6.1 Adjusted Total Volume.
6.1.1 Electric refrigerators. The adjusted total volume, VA, for
electric refrigerators under test shall be defined as:
VA=(VF x CR)+VFF
where
VA=adjusted total volume in cubic feet,
VF and VFF are defined in 5.3, and
CR=adjustment factor of 1.44 for refrigerators other than all-
refrigerators, or 1.0 for all-refrigerators, dimensionless,
6.1.2 Electric refrigerator-freezers. The adjusted total volume,
VA, for electric refrigerator-freezers under test shall be calculated as
follows:
VA=(VF x CRF)+VFF
where
VF and VFF are defined in 5.3 and VA is defined in 6.1.1,
CRF=adjustment factor of 1.63, dimensionless,
6.2 Average Per-Cycle Energy consumption.
6.2.1 All-refrigerator Models. The average per-cycle energy
consumption for a cycle type is expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle to
the nearest one hundredth (0.01) kilowatt-hour and shall depend upon the
temperature attainable in the fresh food compartment as shown below.
6.2.1.1 If the fresh food compartment temperature is always below
38.0 deg.F. (3.3 deg.C.), the average per-cycle energy consumption
shall be equivalent to:
E=ET1
where
E=Total per-cycle energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day,
ET is defined in 5.2.1, and Number 1 indicates the test period during
which the highest fresh food compartment temperature is
measured.
6.2.1.2 If one of the fresh food compartment temperatures measured
for a test period is greater than 38.0 deg.F. (3.3 deg.C.), the
average per-cycle energy consumption shall be equivalent to:
E=ET1+((ET2-ET1) x (38.0-TR1)/(TR2-TR1))
where
E is defined in 6.2.1.1,
ET is defined in 5.2.1,
TR=Fresh food compartment temperature determined according to 5.1.2 in
degrees F,
Number 1 and 2 indicates measurements taken during the first and second
test period as appropriate, and
38.0=Standardized fresh food compartment temperature in degrees F.
6.2.2 Refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers. The average per-
cycle energy consumption for a cycle type is expressed in kilowatt-hours
per-cycle to the nearest one hundredth (0.01) kilowatt-hour and shall be
defined in the applicable following manner.
[[Page 134]]
6.2.2.1 If the fresh food compartment temperature is always at or
below 45 deg.F. (7.2 deg.C.) in both of the tests and the freezer
compartment temperature is always at or below 15 deg.F. (-9.4 deg.C.)
in both tests of a refrigerator or at or below 5 deg.F. (-15 deg.C.)
in both tests of a refrigerator-freezer, the per-cycle energy
consumption shall be:
E=ET1
where
E is defined in 6.2.1.1,
ET is defined in 5.2.1, and
Number 1 indicates the test period during which the highest freezer
compartment temperature was measured.
6.2.2.2 If the conditions of 6.2.2.1 do not exist, the per-cycle
energy consumption shall be defined by the higher of the two values
calculated by the following two formulas:
E=ET1+((ET2-ET1) x (45.0-TR1)/(TR2-TR1))
and
E=ET1+((ET2-ET1) x (k-TF1)/(TF2-TF1))
where
E is defined in 6.2.1.1,
ET is defined in 5.2.1,
TR and number 1 and 2 are defined in 6.2.1.2,
TF=Freezer compartment temperature determined according to 5.1.2 in
degrees F,
45.0 is a specified fresh food compartment temperature in degree F, and
k is a constant 15.0 for refrigerators or 5.0 for refrigerator-freezers
each being standardized freezer compartment temperature in
degrees F.
6.3 Externally vented refrigerator or refrigerator-freezers. Per-
cycle energy consumption measurements for the externally vented
refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer shall be calculated in accordance
with the requirements of this Appendix, as modified in sections 6.3.1-
6.3.7.
6.3.1 Correction factor. A correction factor, K, shall be
calculated as:
K = ec90/ec80
where ec90 and ec80 = the energy consumption test
results as determined under 5.4.2.1.
6.3.2 Combining test results of different settings of compartment
temperature controls. For a given setting of the anti-sweat heater,
follow the calculation procedures of 6.2 to combine the test results for
energy consumption of the unit at different temperature control settings
for each condenser inlet air temperature tested under 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.3,
and 5.4.2.4, where applicable, (e90)i,
(e60)i, (e50)i, and
(e30)i. The combined values are
90, 60, 50,
and 30, where applicable, in kWh/day.
6.3.3 Energy consumption corrections. For a given setting of the
anti-sweat heater, the energy consumptions 90,
60, 50, and
30 calculated in 6.3.2 shall be adjusted by
multiplying the correction factor K to obtain the corrected energy
consumptions per day, in kWh/day:
E90 = K x 90,
E60 = K x 60
E50 = K x 50, and
E30 = K x 30
where,
K is determined under section 6.3.1, and 90,
60, 50, and
30 are determined under section 6.3.2.
6.3.4 Energy profile equation. For a given setting of the anti-
sweat heater, the energy consumption EX, in kWh/day, at a
specific exterior air temperature between 80 deg.F (26.7 deg.C) and 60
deg.F (26.7 deg.C) shall be calculated by the following equation:
EX = a + bTX,
where,
TX = exterior air temperature in deg.F;
a = 3E60-2E90, in kWh/day;
b = (E90-E60)/30, in kWh/day per deg.F.
6.3.5 Energy consumption at 80 deg.F (26.7 deg.C), 75 deg.F
(23.9 deg.C) and 65 deg.F (18.3 deg.C). For a given setting of the
anti-sweat heater, calculate the energy consumptions at 80 deg.F (26.7
deg.C), 75 deg.F (23.9 deg.C) and 65 deg.F (18.3 deg.C) exterior air
temperatures, E80, E75 and E65,
respectively, in kWh/day, using the equation in 6.3.4.
6.3.6 National average per cycle energy consumption. For a given
setting of the anti-sweat heater, calculate the national average energy
consumption, EN, in kWh/day, using one of the following
equations:
EN = 0.523 x E60 + 0.165 x E65 +
0.181 x E75 + 0.131 x E80, for units
not tested under 5.4.2.4,
EN = 0.257 x E30 + 0.266 x E50 +
0.165 x E65 + 0.181 x E75 + 0.131
x E80, for units tested under 5.4.2.4,
where,
E30, E50, and E60 are defined in 6.3.3,
E65, E75, and E80 are defined in 6.3.5,
and
the coefficients are weather associated weighting factors.
6.3.7 Regional average per cycle energy consumption. If regional
average per cycle energy consumption is required to be calculated, for a
given setting of the anti-sweat heater, calculate the regional average
per cycle energy consumption, ER, in kWh/day, for the regions
in figure 1 using one of the following equations and the coefficients in
the table A:
ER = a1 x E60 + c x E65
+ d x E75 + e x E80, for a unit that
is not required to be tested under 5.4.2.4,
ER = a x E30 + b x E50 + c x
E65 + d x E75 + e x E80,
for a unit tested under 5.4.2.4,
where:
E30, E50, and E60 are defined in 6.3.3,
E65, E75, and E80 are defined in 6.3.5,
and
a1, a, b, c, d, e are weather associated weighting factors
for the Regions, as specified in Table A:
[[Page 135]]
Table A.--Coefficients for Calculating Regional Average per Cycle Energy Consumption
[Weighting Factors]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regions a1 a b c d e
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I......................................................... 0.282 0.039 0.244 0.194 0.326 0.198
II........................................................ 0.486 0.194 0.293 0.191 0.193 0.129
III....................................................... 0.584 0.302 0.282 0.178 0.159 0.079
IV........................................................ 0.664 0.420 0.244 0.161 0.121 0.055
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR09SE97.000
[47 FR 34526, Aug. 10, 1982; 48 FR 13013, Mar. 29, 1983, as amended at
54 FR 36240, Aug. 31, 1989; 54 FR 38788, Sept. 20, 1989; 62 FR 47539,
47540, Sept. 9, 1997]
Appendix B1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Freezers
1. Definitions.
1.1 ``HRF-1-1979'' means the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers standard for household refrigerators, combination
refrigerators-freezers, and household freezers, also approved as an
American National Standard as a revision of ANSI B38.1-1970.
1.2 ``Anti-sweat heater'' means a device incorporated into the
design of a freezer to prevent the accumulation of moisture on exterior
surfaces of the cabinet under conditions of high ambient humidity.
1.3 ``Cycle'' means the period of 24 hours for which the energy use
of a freezer is calculated as though the consumer-activated compartment
temperature controls were preset so that the desired compartment
temperatures were maintained.
1.4 ``Cycle type'' means the set of test conditions having the
calculated effect of operating a freezer for a period of 24 hours with
the consumer-activated controls other than the compartment temperature
control set to establish various operating characteristics.
1.5 ``Standard cycle'' means the cycle type in which the anti-sweat
heater switch, when provided, is set in the highest energy consuming
position.
1.6 ``Adjusted total volume'' means the product of, (1) the freezer
volume as defined in HRF-1-1979 in cubic feet, times (2) an adjustment
factor.
1.7 ``Automatic Defrost'' means a system in which the defrost cycle
is automatically
[[Page 136]]
initiated and terminated, with resumption of normal refrigeration at the
conclusion of defrost operation. The system automatically prevents the
permanent formation of frost on all refrigerated surfaces. Nominal
refrigerated food temperatures are maintained during the operation of
the automatic defrost system.
1.8 ``Long-time Automatic Defrost'' means an automatic defrost
system where successive defrost cycles are separated by 14 hours or more
of compressor-operating time.
1.9 ``Stabilization Period'' means the total period of time during
which steady-state conditions are being attained or evaluated.
1.10 ``Variable defrost control'' means a long-time automatic
defrost system (except the 14-hour defrost qualification does not apply)
where successive defrost cycles are determined by an operating condition
variable or variables other than solely compressor operating time. This
includes any electrical or mechanical device. Demand defrost is a type
of variable defrost control.
1.11 ``Quick freeze'' means an optional feature on freezers which
is initiated manually and shut off manually. It bypasses the thermostat
control and places the compressor in a steady-state operating condition
until it is shut off.
2. Test Conditions.
2.1 Ambient temperature. The ambient temperature shall be
90.01.0 deg.F. (32.20.6 deg.C.) during the
stabilization period and during the test period. The ambient temperature
shall be 802 deg.F dry bulb and 67 deg.F wet bulb during
the stabilization period and during the test period when the unit is
tested in accordance with section 3.3.
2.2 Operational conditions. The freezer shall be installed and its
operating conditions maintained in accordance with HRF-1-1979, section
7.2 through section 7.4.3.3, except that the vertical ambient gradient
at locations 10 inches (25.4 cm) out from the the centers of the two
sides of the unit being tested is to be maintained during the test.
Unless the area is obstructed by shields or baffles, the gradient is to
be maintained from 2 inches (5.1 cm) above the floor or supporting
platform to a height one foot (30.5 cm) above the unit under test.
Defrost controls are to be operative and the anti-sweat heater switch is
to be ``on'' during one test and ``off'' during a second test. The quick
freeze option shall be switched off unless specified.
2.3 Steady State Condition. Steady state conditions exist if the
temperature measurements taken at four minute intervals or less during a
stabilization period are not changing at a rate greater than 0.042
deg.F. (0.023 deg.C.) per hour as determined by the applicable
condition of A or B.
A--The average of the measurements during a two hour period if no
cycling occurs or during a number of complete repetitive
compressor cycles through a period of no less than two hours
is compared to the average over an equivalent time period with
three hours elapsed between the two measurement periods.
B--If A above cannot be used, the average of the measurements during a
number of complete repetitive compressor cycles through a
period of no less than two hours and including the last
complete cycle prior to a defrost period, or if no cycling
occurs, the average of the measurements during the last two
hours prior to a defrost period; are compared to the same
averaging period prior to the following defrost period.
3. Test Control Settings.
3.1 Model with no user operable temperature control. A test shall
be performed during which the compartment temperature and energy use
shall be measured. A second test shall be performed with the temperature
control electrically short circuited to cause the compressor to run
continuously. If the model has the quick freeze option, it is to be used
to bypass the temperature control.
3.2 Model with user operable temperature control. Testing shall be
performed in accordance with one of the following sections using the
standardized temperature of 0.0 deg.F. (-17.8 deg.C.). Variable
defrost control models shall achieve 02 deg.F during the
steady-state conditions prior to the optional test with no door
openings.
3.2.1 A first test shall be performed with all temperature controls
set at their median position midway between their warmest and coldest
settings. Knob detents shall be mechanically defeated if necessary to
attain a median setting. A second test shall be performed with all
controls set at either their warmest or their coldest setting (not
electrically or mechanically bypassed), whichever is appropriate, to
attempt to achieve compartment temperatures measured during the two
tests which bound (i.e., one is above and one is below) the standardized
temperature. If the compartment temperatures measured during these two
tests bound the standardized temperature, then these test results shall
be used to determine energy consumption. If the compartment temperature
measured with all controls set at their coldest setting is above the
standardized temperature, a third test shall be performed with all
controls set at their warmest setting and the result of this test shall
be used with the result of the test performed with all controls set at
their coldest setting to determine energy consumption. If the
compartment temperature measured with all controls set at their warmest
setting is below
[[Page 137]]
the standardized temperature; then the result of this test alone will be
used to determine energy consumption.
3.2.2 Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all
temperature controls set at their warmest setting. If the compartment
temperature is below the standardized temperature, then the result of
this test alone will be used to determine energy consumption. If the
above condition is not met, then the unit shall be tested in accordance
with 3.2.1 above.
3.2.3 Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all
temperature controls set at their coldest setting. If the compartment
temperature is above the standardized temperature, a second test shall
be performed with all controls set at their warmest setting and the
results of these two tests shall be used to determine energy
consumption. If the above condition is not met, then the unit shall be
tested in accordance with 3.2.1 above.
3.3 Variable defrost control optional test. After a steady-state
condition is achieved, the door-opening sequence is initiated with an
182 second freezer door-opening occurring every eight hours
to obtain three door-openings per 24-hour period. The first freezer
door-opening shall occur at the initiation of the test period. The
door(s) are to be opened 60 to 90 deg.with an average velocity for the
leading edge of the door of approximately two feet per second. Prior to
the initiation of the door-opening sequence, the freezer defrost control
mechanism may be re-initiated in order to minimize the test duration.
4. Test Period.
4.1 Test Period. Tests shall be performed by establishing the
conditions set forth in Section 2 and using control settings as set
forth in Section 3 above.
4.1.1 Nonautomatic Defrost. If the model being tested has no
automatic defrost system, the test time period shall start after steady
state conditions have been achieved, and be of not less than three
hours' duration. During the test period the compressor motor shall
complete two or more whole cycles (a compressor cycle is a complete
``on'' and a complete ``off'' period of the motor). If no ``off''
cycling will occur, as determined during the stabilization period, the
test period shall be three hours. If incomplete cycling (less than two
compressor cycles) occurs during a 24 hour period, the results of the 24
hour period shall be used.
4.1.2 Automatic Defrost. If the model being tested has an automatic
defrost system, the test time period shall start after steady state
conditions have been achieved and be from one point during a defrost
period to the same point during the next defrost period. If the model
being tested has a long-time automatic defrost system, the alternate
provisions of 4.1.2.1 may be used. If the model being tested has a
variable defrost control the provisions of 4.1.2.2. shall apply.
4.1.2.1 Long-time Automatic Defrost. If the model being tested has
a long-time automatic defrost system, the test time period may consist
of two parts. A first part would be the same as the test for a unit
having no defrost provisions (section 4.1.1). The second part would
start when a defrost period is initiated during a compressor ``on''
cycle and terminate at the second turn ``on'' of the compressor motor or
after four hours, whichever comes first.
4.1.2.2 Variable defrost control. If the model being tested has a
variable defrost control system, the test shall consist of three parts.
Two parts shall be the same as the test for long-time automatic defrost
in accordance with section 4.1.2.1 above. The third part is the optional
test to determine the time between defrosts (5.2.1.3). The third part is
used by manufacturers that choose not to accept the default value of F
of 0.20, to calculate CT.
4.1.2.3 Variable defrost control optional test. After steady-state
conditions with no door-openings are achieved in accordance with section
3.3 above, the test is continued using the above daily door-opening
sequence until stabilized operation is achieved. Stabilization is
defined as a minimum of three consecutive defrost cycles with times
between defrost that will allow the calculation of a Mean Time Between
Defrosts (MTBD1) that satisfies the statistical relationship of 90
percent confidence. The test is repeated on at least one more unit of
the model and until the Mean Time Between Defrosts for the multiple unit
test (MTBD2) satisfies the statistical relationship. If the time between
defrosts is greater than 96 hours (compressor ``on'' time) and this
defrost period can be repeated on a second unit, the test may be
terminated at 96 hours (CT) and the absolute time value used for MTBD
for each unit.
5. Test Measurements.
5.1 Temperature Measurements. Temperature measurements shall be
made at the locations prescribed in Figure 7-2 of HRF-1-1979 and shall
be accurate to within 0.5 deg.F. (0.3 deg.C.) of true
value.
5.1.1 Measured Temperature. The measured temperature is to be the
average of all sensor temperature readings taken at a particular time.
Measurements shall be taken at regular intervals not to exceed four
minutes.
5.1.2 Compartment Temperature. The compartment temperature for each
test period shall be an average of the measured temperatures taken
during a complete cycle or several complete cycles of the compressor
motor (one compressor cycle is one complete motor ``on'' and one
complete motor ``off'' period). For long-time automatic defrost models,
compartment temperature shall be
[[Page 138]]
that measured in the first part of the test period specified in 4.1.1.
For models equipped with variable defrost controls, compartment
temperatures shall be those measured in the first part of the test
period specified in 4.1.2.2.
5.1.2.1 The number of complete compressor motor cycles over which
the measured temperatures in a compartment are to be averaged to
determine compartment temperature shall be equal to the number of
minutes between measured temperature readings rounded up to the next
whole minute or a number of complete cycles over a time period exceeding
one hour. One of the cycles shall be the last complete compressor motor
cycles during the test period.
5.1.2.2 If no compressor motor cycling occurs, the compartment
temperature shall be the average of the measured temperatures taken
during the last thirty-two minutes of the test period.
5.1.2.3 If incomplete cycling occurs (less than one cycle) the
compartment temperature shall be the average of all readings taken
during the last three hours of the last complete ``on'' period.
5.2 Energy Measurements:
5.2.1 Per-day Energy Consumption. The energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per day for each test period shall be the energy expended
during the test period as specified in section 4.1 adjusted to a 24 hour
period.
The adjustment shall be determined as follows:
5.2.1.1 Nonautomatic and automatic defrost models. The energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=(EP x 1440 x K)/T where
ET=test cycle energy expended in kilowatt-hours per day,
EP=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the test period.
T=length of time of the test period in minutes,
1440=conversion factor to adjust to a 24 hour period in minutes per day,
and
K=correction factor of 0.7 for chest freezers and 0.85 for upright
freezers to adjust for average household usage, dimensionless.
5.2.1.2 Long-time Automatic Defrost. If the two part test method is
used, the energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be
calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x K x EP1/T1) + ((EP2-(EP1 x T2/T1)) x K x 12/CT)
where
ET, 1440, and K are defined in 5.2.1.1
EP1=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the first part of the test.
EP2=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second part of the
test,
CT=Defrost timer run time in hours required to cause it to go through a
complete cycle, to the nearest tenth hour per cycle,
12=conversion factor to adjust for a 50% run time of the compressor in
hours per day, and
T1 and T2=length of time in minutes of the first and second test parts
respectively.
5.2.1.3 Variable defrost control. The energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x EP1/T1) + (EP2 - (EP1 x T2/T1) x (12/CT) where 1440 is
defined in 5.2.1.1 and EP1, EP2, T1, T2 and 12 are defined in
5.2.1.2.
CT=(CTL x CTM)/(Fx (CTM -
CTL) + CTL)
where:
CTL=least or shortest time between defrost in tenths of an
hour (greater than or equal to 6 hours but less than or equal
to 12 hours, 6 L 12)
CTM=maximum time between defrost cycles in tenths of an hour
(greater than CTL but not more than 96 hours,
CTL CTM 96)
F=ratio of per day energy consumption in excess of the least energy and
the maximum difference in per day energy consumption and is
equal to
F=(1/CT - 1/CTM)/(1/CTL - 1/CTM) = (ET
- ETL)/(ETM - ETL) or 0.20 in
lieu of testing to find CT
ETL=least electrical energy consumed, in kilowatt hours
ETM=maximum electrical energy consumed, in kilowatt hours
For demand defrost models with no values for CTL and
CTM in the algorithm the default values of 12 and 84 shall be
used, respectively.
5.2.1.4 Variable defrost control optional test. Perform the optional
test for variable defrost control models to find CT.
CT=MTBD x 0.5
MTBD=mean time between defrost
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC14NO91.028
X=time between defrost cycles
N=number of defrost cycles
5.3 Volume measurements. The total refrigerated volume, VT, shall
be measured in accordance with HRF-1-1979, section 3.20 and section 5.1
through 5.3.
6. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements.
6.1 Adjusted Total Volume. The adjusted total volume, VA, for
freezers under test shall be defined as:
VA=VT x CF
where
VA=adjusted total volume in cubic feet,
VT=total refrigerated volume in cubic feet, and
CF=Correction factor of 1.73, dimensionless.
[[Page 139]]
6.2 Average Per Cycle Energy Consumption:
6.2.1 The average per-cycle energy consumption for a cycle type is
expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle to the nearest one hundredth
(0.01) kilowatt-hour and shall depend upon the compartment temperature
attainable as shown below.
6.2.1.1 If the compartment temperature is always below 0.0 deg.F.
(-17.8 deg.C.), the average per-cycle energy consumption shall be
equivalent to:
E=ET1
where
E=Total per-cycle energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day.
ET is defined in 5.2.1, and
Number 1 indicates the test period during which the highest compartment
temperature is measured.
6.2.1.2 If one of the compartment temperatures measured for a test
period is greater than 0.0 deg.F. (17.8 deg.C.), the average per-cycle
energy consumption shall be equivalent to:
E=ET1+((ET2-ET1) x (0.0-TF1)/(TF2-TF1))
where
E is defined in 6.2.1.1
ET is defined in 5.2.1
TF=compartment temperature determined according to 5.1.2 in degrees F.
Numbers 1 and 2 indicate measurements taken during the first and second
test period as appropriate, and
0.0=Standardized compartment temperature in degrees F.
[47 FR 34528, Aug. 10, 1982; 48 FR 13013, Mar. 29, 1983, as amended at
54 FR 36241, Aug. 31, 1989; 54 FR 38788, Sept. 20, 1989]
Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers
1. Definitions: 1.1 ``Cycle'' means a sequence of operations of a
dishwasher which performs a complete dishwashing operation, and may
include variations or combinations of the functions of washing, rinsing
and drying.
1.2 ``Cycle type'' means any complete sequence of operations capable
of being preset on the dishwasher prior to the initiation of machine
operation.
1.3 ``Normal cycle'' means the cycle type recommended by the
manufacturer for completely washing a full load of normally soiled
dishes including the power-dry feature.
1.4 ``Power-dry feature'' means that function in a cycle in which
electrically generated heat is introduced into the washing chamber for
the purpose of improving the drying performance of the dishwasher.
1.5 ``Truncated normal cycle'' means the normal cycle interrupted to
eliminate the power-dry feature after the termination of the last rinse
operation.
1.6 ``Water Heating Dishwasher'' means a dishwasher which is
designed for hearing cold inlet water (nominal 50 deg.F) or a
dishwasher for which the manufacturer recommends operation with a
nominal inlet water temperature of 120 deg.F, and may operate at either
of these inlet water temperatures by providing internal water heating to
above 120 deg.F in at least one wash phase of the normal cycle.
2. Testing conditions: 2.1 Installation. Install the dishwasher in
accordance with the manufacturer's instruction, except that undercounter
dishwashers need not be installed under a counter.
2.2 Electrical supply.
2.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with an electrical supply of 115
volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher within two
percent of 115 volts and within one percent of the nameplate frequency
as specified by the manufacturer.
2.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with an electricial supply of 240
volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher within two
percent of 240 volts and within one percent of its nameplate frequency
as specified by the manufacturer.
2.3 Water temperature.
2.3.1 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 140 deg.F inlet water
temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 135 deg.F
and 145 deg.F.
2.3.2 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 120 deg.F inlet water
temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 118 deg.F
and 122 deg.F.
2.3.3 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 50 deg.F inlet water
temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 48 deg.F and
52 deg.F.
2.4 Water pressure. Maintain the pressure of the water supply
between 32.5 and 37.5 pounds per square inch.
2.5 Ambient and machine temperature. Maintain the room ambient air
temperature between 70 deg.F and 85 deg.F, and assure that the
dishwasher and the test load are at room ambient temperature at the
start of each test cycle.
2.6 Load.
2.6.1 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 140 deg.F inlet water
temperature. The dishwasher shall be tested on the normal cycle and the
truncated normal cycle without a test load.
2.6.2 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal inlet water temperature
of 50 deg.F or 120 deg.F. The dishwasher shall be tested or normal
cycle and the truncated normal cycle with a test load of eight place
settings plus six serving pieces as specified in section 6.1.1 of AHAM
Standard DW-1. If the capacity of the dishwasher, as stated by the
manufacturer, is less than eight place setting then the test load shall
be that capacity.
2.7 Testing requirements. Provisions in this Appendix pertaining to
dishwashers which operate with a nominal inlet temperature of
[[Page 140]]
50 deg.F or 120 deg.F shall apply only to water heating dishwashers.
3. Test cycle and measurements.
3.1 Test cycle. Perform a test cycle by establishing the testing
conditions set forth in 2 of this Appendix, setting the dishwasher to
the cycle type to be tested, initiating the cycle and allowing the cycle
to proceed to completion.
3.2 Machine electrical energy consumption.
3.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet
water temperature, only. Measure the machine electrical energy
consumption, M, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours of electrical
energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply
temperature as set forth in 2.3.1 of this Appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour
meter having a resolution no larger than 0.001 kilowatt hours and a
maximum error no greater than one percent.
3.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. Measure the machine electrical energy
consumption, M, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours of electrical
energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply
temperature as set forth in 2.3.2 of this Appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour
meter having a resolution no larger than 0.001 kilowatt-hours and a
maximum error no greater than one percent.
3.2.3 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 50 deg.F. Measure the machine electrical energy
consumption, M, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours of electrical
energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply
temperature as set forth in 2.3.3 of this appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour
meter having a resolution no longer than 0.001 kilowatt-hours and a
maximum error no greater than one percent.
3.3 Water consumption. Measure the water consumption specified as
the number of gallons delivered to the dishwasher during the entire test
cycle, using a water meter having a resolution no larger than 0.1 gallon
and a maximum error no greater than 1.5 percent for all water flow rates
from one to five gallons per minute and for all water temperatures
encountered in the test cycle.
3.4 Report values. State the reported values of machine electrical
energy consumption and water consumption as measured.
4. Calculation of derived results from test measurements: 4.1 Per-
cycle water energy consumption using electrically heated water.
4.1.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet water
temperature, only. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per-cycle
water energy consumption using electrically heated water, We, expressed
in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
We=V x T x K,
where
V=reported water consumption in gallons per cycle for the cycle type
under test.
T=nominal water heater temperature rise=90 deg.F.
K=specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours per gallon per degree
Fahrenheit=0.00240.
4.1.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. Calculate for the cycle type under test the
per cycle water energy consumption using electrically heated water, We,
expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
We=V x T' x K
where
V and K are defined in 4.1.1 of this Appendix and T'=nominal water
heated temperature rise=70 deg.F.
4.2 Per cycle water energy consumption using gas-heated or oil-
heated water.
4.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet water
temperature, only. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per cycle
water energy consumption using gas-heated or oil-heated water, We,
expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Wg=V x T x C/e.
where
V and T are defined in 4.1.1 of this Appendix, and
C=specific heat of water in Btu's per gallon per degree fahrenheit=8.20
e=nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency=0.75.
4.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. Calculate for the cycle type under test the
per cycle water energy consumption using gas-heated or oil-heated water,
Wg, expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Wg=V x T' x C/e
where
V and T' are defined in 4.1.2 of this Appendix, and C and e are defined
in 4.2.1 of this Appendix.
4.3 Per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption.
4.3.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet
water temperature, only. Use the measured value recorded in 3.2.1 as the
per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, M, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per cycle.
4.3.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. Use the measured value recorded in 3.2.2 as
the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, M, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per cycle.
4.3.3 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 50 deg.F. Use the measured value recorded at 3.2.3 as
the per-cycle machine electrical consumption, M, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per-cycle.
4.4 Total per-cycle energy consumption. Calculate for the cycle
type under test the total per-cycle energy consumption, E, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per cycle, and defined as
[[Page 141]]
the sum of the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, M, plus
the per-cycle water energy consumption of electrically-heated water, W,
calculated for the cycle type, determined according to 4.3 and 4.1
respectively.
[48 FR 9206, Mar. 3, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 46536, Nov. 27, 1984; 49
FR 47479, Dec. 5, 1984; 52 FR 47551, Dec. 15, 1987]
Appendix D to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Clothes Dryers
1. definitions
1.1 ``AHAM'' means the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers.
1.2 ``Bone dry'' means a condition of a load of test clothes which
has been dried in a dryer at maximum temperature for a minimum of 10
minutes, removed and weighed before cool down, and then dried again for
10-minute periods until the final weight change of the load is 1 percent
or less.
1.3 ``Compact'' or compact size'' means a clothes dryer with a drum
capacity of less than 4.4 cubic feet.
1.4 ``Cool down'' means that portion of the clothes drying cycle
when the added gas or electric heat is terminated and the clothes
continue to tumble and dry within the drum.
1.5 ``Cycle'' means a sequence of operation of a clothes dryer
which performs a clothes drying operation, and may include variations or
combinations of the functions of heating, tumbling and drying.
1.6 ``Drum capacity'' means the volume of the drying drum in cubic
feet.
1.7 ``HLD-1'' means the test standard promulgated by AHAM and
titled ``AHAM Performance Evaluation Procedure for Household Tumble Type
Clothes Dryers'', June 1974, and designated as HLD-1.
1.8 ``HLD-2EC'' means the test standard promulgated by AHAM and
titled ``Test Method for Measuring Energy Consumption of Household
Tumble Type Clothes Dryers,'' December 1975, and designated as HLD-2EC.
1.9 ``Standard size'' means a clothes dryer with a drum capacity of
4.4 cubic feet or greater.
1.10 ``Moisture content'' means the ratio of the weight of water
contained by the test load to the bone-dry weight of the test load,
expressed as a percent.
1.11 ``Automatic termination control'' means a dryer control system
with a sensor which monitors either the dryer load temperature or its
moisture content and with a controller which automatically terminates
the drying process. A mark or detent which indicates a preferred
automatic termination control setting must be present if the dryer is to
be classified as having an ``automatic termination control.'' A mark is
a visible single control setting on one or more dryer controls.
1.12 ``Temperature sensing control'' means a system which monitors
dryer exhaust air temperature and automatically terminates the dryer
cycle.
1.13 ``Moisture sensing control'' means a system which utilizes a
moisture sensing element within the dryer drum that monitors the amount
of moisture in the clothes and automatically terminates the dryer cycle.
2. testing conditions
2.1 Installation. Install the clothes dryer in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions. The dryer exhaust shall be restricted by
adding the AHAM exhaust simulator described in 3.3.5 of HLD-1. All
external joints should be taped to avoid air leakage. Disconnect all
console light or other lighting systems on the clothes dryer which do
not consume more than 10 watts during the clothes dryer test cycle.
2.2 Ambient temperature and humidity. Maintain the room ambient air
temperature at 75 plus-minus3 deg.F and the room relative
humidity at 50plus-minus10 percent relative humidity.
2.3 Energy supply.
2.3.1 Electrical supply. Maintain the electrical supply at the
clothes dryer terminal block within 1 percent of 120/240 or 120/208Y or
120 volts as applicable to the particular terminal block wiring system
and within 1 percent of the nameplate frequency as specified by the
manufacturer. If the dryer has a dual voltage conversion capability,
conduct test at the highest voltage specified by the manufacturer.
2.3.2 Gas supply.
2.3.2.1 Natural gas. Maintains the gas supply to the clothes dryer
at a normal inlet test pressure immediately ahead of all controls at 7
to 10 inches of water column. If the clothes dryer is equipped with a
gas appliance pressure regulator, the regulator outlet pressure at the
normal test pressure shall be approximately that recommended by the
manufacturer. The hourly Btu rating of the burner shall be maintained
within plus-minus5 percent of the rating specified by the
manufacturer. The natural gas supplied should have a heating value of
approximately 1,025 Btu's per standard cubic foot. The actual heating
value, Hn2, in Btu's per standard cubic foot, for the natural
gas to be used in the test shall be obtained either from measurements
made by the manufacturer conducting the test using a standard continuous
flow calorimeter as described in 2.4.6 or by the purchase of bottled
natural gas whose Btu rating is certified to be at least as accurate a
rating as could be obtained from measurements with a standard continuous
flow calorimeter as described in 2.4.6.
2.3.2.2 Propane gas. Maintain the gas supply to the clothes dryer
at a normal inlet
[[Page 142]]
test pressure immediately ahead of all controls at 11 to 13 inches of
water column. If the clothes dryer is equipped with a gas appliance
pressure regulator, the regulator outlet pressure at the normal test
pressure shall be approximately that recommended by the manufacturer.
The hourly Btu rating of the burner shall be maintained within
plus-minus5 percent of the rating specified by the
manufacturer. The propane gas supplied should have a heating value of
approximately 2,500 Btu's per standard cubic foot. The actual heating
value, Hp, in Btu's per standard cubic foot, for the propane
gas to be used in the test shall be obtained either from measurements
made by the manufacturer conducting the test using a standard continuous
flow calorimeter as described in 2.4.6 or by the purchase of bottled gas
whose Btu rating is certified to be at least as accurate a rating as
could be obtained from measurement with a standard continuous
calorimeter as described in 2.4.6.
2.4 Instrumentation. Perform all test measurements using the
following instruments as appropriate.
2.4.1 Weighing scale for test cloth. The scale shall have a range
of 0 to a maximum of 30 pounds with a resolution of at least 0.2 ounces
and a maximum error no greater than 0.3 percent of any measured value
within the range of 3 to 15 pounds.
2.4.1.2 Weighing scale for drum capacity measurements. The scale
should have a range of 0 to a maximum of 500 pounds with resolution of
0.50 pounds and a maximum error no greater than 0.5 percent of the
measured value.
2.4.2 Kilowatt-hour meter. The kilowatt-hour meter shall have a
resolution of 0.001 kilowatt-hours and a maximum error no greater than
0.5 percent of the measured value.
2.4.3 Gas meter. The gas meter shall have a resolution of 0.001
cubic feet and a maximum error no greater than 0.5 percent of the
measured value.
2.4.4 Dry and wet bulb psychrometer. The dry and wet bulb
psychrometer shall have an error no greater than plus-minus1
deg.F.
2.4.5 Temperature. The temperature sensor shall have an error no
greater than plus-minus1 deg.F.
2.4.6 Standard Continuous Flow Calorimeter. The Calorimeter shall
have an operating range of 750 to 3,500 Btu per cubic feet. The maximum
error of the basic calorimeter shall be no greater than 0.2 percent of
the actual heating value of the gas used in the test. The indicator
readout shall have a maximum error no greater than 0.5 percent of the
measured value within the operating range and a resolution of 0.2
percent of the full scale reading of the indicator instrument.
2.5 Lint trap. Clean the lint trap thoroughly before each test run.
2.6 Test cloths.
2.6.1 Energy test cloth. The energy test cloth shall be clean and
consist of the following:
(a) Pure finished bleached cloth, made with a momie or granite
weave, which is a blended fabric of 50 percent cotton and 50 percent
polyester and weighs within +10 percent of 5.75 ounces per square yard
after test cloth preconditioning and has 65 ends on the warp and 57
picks on the fill. The individual warp and fill yarns are a blend of 50
percent cotton and 50 percent polyester fibers.
(b) Cloth material that is 24 inches by 36 inches and has been
hemmed to 22 inches by 34 inches before washing. The maximum shrinkage
after five washes shall not be more than four percent on the length and
width.
(c) The number of test runs on the same energy test cloth shall not
exceed 25 runs.
2.6.2 Energy stuffer cloths. The energy stuffer cloths shall be
made from energy test cloth material and shall consist of pieces of
material that are 12 inches by 12 inches and have been hemmed to 10
inches by 10 inches before washing. The maximum shrinkage after five
washes shall not be more than four percent on the length and width. The
number of test runs on the same energy stuffer cloth shall not exceed 25
runs after test cloth preconditioning.
2.6.3 Test Cloth Preconditioning.
A new test cloth load and energy stuffer cloths shall be treated as
follows:
(1) Bone dry the load to a weight change of plus-minus1
percent, or less, as prescribed in Section 1.2.
(2) Place test cloth load in a standard clothes washer set at the
maximum water fill level. Wash the load for 10 minutes in soft water (17
parts per million hardness or less), using 6.0 grams of AHAM Standard
Test Detergent, IIA, per gallon of water. Wash water temperature is to
controlled at 140 deg.plus-minus5 deg.F
(60 deg.plus-minus2.7 deg.C). Rinse water temperature is to
be controlled at 100 deg.plus-minus5 deg.F
(37.7plus-minus2.7 deg.C).
(3) Rinse the load again at the same water temperature.
(4) Bone dry the load as prescribed in Section 1.2 and weigh the
load.
(5) This procedure is repeated until there is a weight change of one
percent or less.
(6) A final cycle is to be a hot water wash with no detergent,
followed by two warm water rinses.
2.7 Test loads.
2.7.1 Compact size dryer load. Prepare a bone-dry test load of
energy cloths which weighs 3.00 pounds plus-minus.03 pounds.
Adjustments to the test load to achieve the proper weight can be made by
the use of energy stuffer cloths, with no more than five stuffer cloths
per load. Dampen the load by agitating it in water whose temperature is
100 deg.plus-minus5 deg.F and consists of 0 to 17 parts per
million hardness for approximately two minutes in order to saturate the
fabric. Then, extract water from
[[Page 143]]
the wet test load by spinning the load until the moisture content of the
load is between 66.5 percent to 73.5 percent of the bone-dry weight of
the test load.
2.7.2 Standard size dryer load. Prepare a bone-dry test load of
energy cloths which weighs 7.00 pounds plus-minus.07 pounds.
Adjustments to the test load to achieve the proper weight can be made by
the use of energy stuffer cloths, with no more than five stuffer cloths
per load. Dampen the load by agitating it in water whose temperature is
100 deg.plus-minus5 deg.F and consists of 0 to 17 parts per
million hardness for approximately two minutes in order to saturate the
fabric. Then, extract water from the wet test load by spinning the load
until the moisture content of the load is between 66.5 percent to 73.5
percent of the bone-dry weight of the test load.
2.7.3 Method of loading. Load the energy test cloths by grasping
them in the center, shaking them to hang loosely and then dropping them
in the dryer at random.
2.8 Clothes dryer preconditioning. Before any test cycle, operate
the dryer without a test load in the non-heat mode for 15 minutes or
until the discharge air temperature is varying less than 1 deg.F for 10
minutes, which ever is longer, in the test installation location with
the ambient conditions within the specified rest condition tolerances of
2.2.
3. test procedures and measurements
3.1 Drum capacity. Measure the drum capacity by sealing all
openings in the drum except the loading port with a plastic bag, and
ensure that all corners and depressions are filled and that there are no
extrusions of the plastic bag through the opening in the drum. Support
the dryer's rear drum surface on a platform scale to prevent deflection
of the dryer, and record the weight of the empty dryer. Fill the drum
with water to a level determined by the intersection of the door plane
and the loading port. Record the temperature of the water and then the
weight of the dryer with the added water and then determine the mass of
the water in pounds. Add or subtract the appropriate volume depending on
whether or not the plastic bag protrudes into the drum interior. The
drum capacity is calculated as follows:
C=w/d
C= capacity in cubic feet.
w= weight of water in pounds.
d= density of water at the measured temperature in pounds per cubic
feet.
3.2 Dryer loading. Load the dryer as specified in 2.7.
3.3 Test cycle. Operate the clothes dryer at the maximum
temperature setting and, if equipped with a timer, at the maximum time
setting and dry the test load until the moisture content of the test
load is between 2.5 percent to 5.0 percent of the bone-dry weight of the
test load, but do not permit the dryer to advance into cool down. If
required, reset the timer or automatic dry control.
3.4 Data recording. Record for each test cycle:
3.4.1 Bone-dry weight of the test load described in 2.7.
3.4.2 Moisture content of the wet test load before the test, as
described in 2.7.
3.4.3 Moisture content of the dry test load obtained after the test
described in 3.3.
3.4.4 Test room conditions, temperature and percent relative
humidity described in 2.2.
3.4.5 For electric dryers--the total kilowatt-hours of electric
energy, Et, consumed during the test described in 3.3.
3.4.6 For gas dryers:
3.4.6.1 Total kilowatt-hours of electrical energy, Ete,
consumed during the test described in 3.3.
3.4.6.2 Cubic feet of gas per cycle, Etg, consumed
during the test described in 3.3.
3.4.6.3 On gas dryers using a continuously burning pilot light--the
cubic feet of gas, Epg, consumed by the gas pilot light in
one hour.
3.4.6.4 Correct the gas heating value, GEF, as measured in 2.3.2.1
and 2.3.2.2, to standard pressure and temperature conditions in
accordance with U.S. Bureau of Standards, circular C417, 1938. A sample
calculation is illustrated in Appendix E of HLD-1.
3.5 Test for automatic termination field use factor credits. Credit
for automatic termination can be claimed for those dryers which meet the
requirements for either temperature-sensing control, 1.12, or moisture
sensing control, 1.13, and having present the appropriate mark or detent
feed defined in 1.11.
4. calculation of derived results from test measurements
4.1 Total per-cycle electric dryer energy consumption. Calculate
the total electric dryer energy consumption per cycle, Ece
expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
Ece=[66/Ww-Wd)] x Ett x FU
Et=the energy recorded in 3.4.5.
66=an experimentally established value for the percent reduction in
the moisture content of the test load during a laboratory test cycle
expressed as a percent.
FU=Field use factor.
=1.18 for time termination control systems.
=1.04 for automatic control systems which meet the requirements of
the definitions for automatic termination controls in 1.11.1, 1.12 and
1.13.
Ww=the moisture content of the wet test load as recorded
in 3.4.2.
Wd=the moisture content of the dry test load as recorded
in 3.4.3.
4.2 Per-cycle gas dryer electrical energy consumption. Calculate
the gas dryer electrical
[[Page 144]]
energy consumption per cycle, Ege, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per cycle and defined as:
Ege=[66/(Ww-Wd)] x Ete x FU
Ete=the energy recorded in 3.4.6.1
FU, 66, Ww, Wd as defined in 4.1
4.3 Per-cycle gas dryer gas energy consumption. Calculate the gas
dryer gas energy consumption per cycle, Ege. expressed in
Btu's per cycle as defined as:
Egg=[66/(Ww-Wd)] x Etg x FU x GEF
Etg=the energy recorded in 3.4.6.2
GEF=corrected gas heat value (Btu per cubic feet) as defined in
3.4.6.4
FU, 66, Ww Wd as defined in 4.1
4.4 Per-cycle gas dryer continuously burning pilot light gas energy
consumption. Calculate the gas dryer continuously burning pilot light
gas energy consumption per cycle, Eup expressed in Btu's per
cycle and defined as:
Eup=Epg x (8760-140/416) x GEF
Epg=the energy recorded in 3.4.6.3
8760=number of hours in a year
416=representative average number of clothes dryer cycles in a year
140=estimated number of hours that the continuously burning pilot
light is on during the operation of the clothes dryer for the
representative average use cycle for clothes dryers (416 cycles per
year)
GEF as defined in 4.3
4.5 Total per-cycle gas dryer gas energy consumption expressed in
Btu's. Calculate the total gas dryer energy consumption per cycle,
Eg, expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Eg=Egg+Eup
Egg as defined in 4.3
Eup as defined in 4.4
4.6 Total per-cycle gas dryer energy consumption expressed in
kilowatt-hours. Calculate the total gas dryer energy consumption per
cycle, Ecg, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined
as:
Ecg=Ege+(Eg/3412 Btu/k Wh)
Ege as defined in 4.2
Eg as defined in 4.5
[46 FR 27326, May 19, 1981]
Appendix E to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Water Heaters
1. Definitions
1.1 Cut-in means the time when or water temperature at which a
water heater control or thermostat acts to increase the energy or fuel
input to the heating elements, compressor, or burner.
1.2 Cut-out means the time when or water temperature at which a
water heater control or thermostat acts to reduce to a minimum the
energy or fuel input to the heating elements, compressor, or burner.
1.3 Design Power Rating means the nominal power rating that a water
heater manufacturer assigns to a particular design of water heater,
expressed in kilowatts or Btu (kJ) per hour as appropriate.
1.4 Energy Factor means a measure of water heater overall
efficiency.
1.5 First-Hour Rating means an estimate of the maximum volume of
``hot'' water that a storage-type water heater can supply within an hour
that begins with the water heater fully heated (i.e., with all
thermostats satisfied). It is a function of both the storage volume and
the recovery rate.
1.6 Heat Trap means a device which can be integrally connected or
independently attached to the hot and/or cold water pipe connections of
a water heater such that the device will develop a thermal or mechanical
seal to minimize the recirculation of water due to thermal convection
between the water heater tank and its connecting pipes.
1.7 Instantaneous Water Heaters
1.7.1 Electric Instantaneous Water Heater Reserved.
1.7.2 Gas Instantaneous Water Heater means a water heater that uses
gas as the energy source, initiates heating based on sensing water flow,
is designed to deliver water at a controlled temperature of less than
180 deg.F (82 deg.C), has an input greater than 50,000 Btu/h (53 MJ/h)
but less than 200,000 Btu/h (210 MJ/h), and has a manufacturer's
specified storage capacity of less than 2 gallons (7.6 liters). The unit
may use a fixed or variable burner input.
1.8 Maximum gpm (L/min) Rating means the maximum gallons per minute
(liters per minute) of hot water that can be supplied by an
instantaneous water heater while maintaining a nominal temperature rise
of 77 deg.F (42.8 deg.C) during steady state operation.
1.9 Rated Storage Volume means the water storage capacity of a
water heater, in gallons (liters), as specified by the manufacturer.
1.10 Recovery Efficiency means the ratio of energy delivered to the
water to the energy content of the fuel consumed by the water heater.
1.11 Standby means the time during which water is not being
withdrawn from the water heater. There are two standby time intervals
used within this test procedure: stby,1 represents
the elapsed time between the time at which the maximum mean tank
temperature is observed after the sixth draw and subsequent recovery and
the end of the 24-hour test; stby,2 represents the
total time during the 24-hour simulated use test when water is not being
withdrawn from the water heater.
1.12 Storage-type Water Heaters
1.12.1 Electric Storage-type Water Heater means a water heater that
uses electricity as the energy source, is designed to heat and store
water at a thermostatically controlled temperature of less than 180
deg.F (82 deg.C), has a nominal input of 12 kilowatts (40,956 Btu/h)
[[Page 145]]
or less, and has a rated storage capacity of not less than 20 gallons
(76 liters) nor more than 120 gallons (450 liters).
1.12.2 Gas Storage-type Water Heater means a water heater that uses
gas as the energy source, is designed to heat and store water at a
thermostatically controlled temperature of less than 180 deg.F (82
deg.C), has a nominal input of 75,000 Btu (79 MJ) per hour or less, and
has a rated storage capacity of not less than 20 gallons (76 liters) nor
more than 100 gallons (380 liters).
1.12.3 Heat Pump Water Heater means a water heater that uses
electricity as the energy source, is designed to heat and store water at
a thermostatically controlled temperature of less than 180 deg.F (82
deg.C), has a maximum current rating of 24 amperes (including the
compressor and all auxiliary equipment such as fans, pumps, controls,
and, if on the same circuit, any resistive elements) for an input
voltage of 250 volts or less, and, if the tank is supplied, has a
manufacturer's rated storage capacity of 120 gallons (450 liters) or
less. Resistive elements used to provide supplemental heating may use
the same circuit as the compressor if (1) an interlocking mechanism
prevents concurrent compressor operation and resistive heating or (2)
concurrent operation does not result in the maximum current rating of 24
amperes being exceeded. Otherwise, the resistive elements and the heat
pump components must use separate circuits. A heat pump water heater may
be sold by the manufacturer with or without a storage tank.
a. Heat Pump Water Heater with Storage Tank means an air-to-water
heat pump sold by the manufacturer with an insulated storage tank as a
packaged unit. The tank and heat pump can be an integral unit or they
can be separated.
b. Heat Pump Water Heater without Storage Tank (also called Add-on
Heat Pump Water Heater) means an air-to-water heat pump designed for use
with a storage-type water heater or a storage tank that is not specified
or supplied by the manufacturer.
1.12.4 Oil Storage-type Water Heater means a water heater that uses
oil as the energy source, is designed to heat and store water at a
thermostatically controlled temperature of less than 180 deg.F (82
deg.C), has a nominal energy input of 105,000 Btu/h (110 MJ/h) or less,
and has a manufacturer's rated storage capacity of 50 gallons (190
liters) or less.
1.12.5 Storage-type Water Heater of More than 2 Gallons (7.6
Liters) and Less than 20 Gallons (76 Liters). Reserved.
1.13 ASHRAE Standard 41.1-86 means the standard published in 1986
by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc., and titled Standard Measurement Guide: Section on
Temperature Measurements.
1.14 ASTM-D-2156-80 means the test standard published in 1980 by
the American Society for Testing and Measurements and titled ``Smoke
Density in Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels, Test Method for''.
1.15 Symbol Usage The following identity relationships are provided
to help clarify the symbology used throughout this procedure:
Cp specific heat capacity of water
Eannual annual energy consumption of a water heater
Ef energy factor of a water heater
Fhr first-hour rating of a storage-type water heater
Fmax maximum gpm (L/min) rating of an instantaneous water
heater rated at a temperature rise of 77 deg.F (42.8 deg.C)
across the heater
i a subscript to indicate an ith draw during a test
Mi mass of water removed during the ith draw (i=1 to 6) of
the 24-hr simulated use test
M*i for storage-type water heaters, mass of water removed
during the ith draw (i=1 to n) during the first-hour rating
test
M10m for instantaneous water heaters, mass of water removed
continuously during a 10-minute interval in the maximum gpm
(L/min) rating test
n for storage-type water heaters, total number of draws during the
first-hour rating test
Q total fossil fuel and/or electric energy consumed during the entire
24-hr simulated use test
Qd daily water heating energy consumption adjusted for net
change in internal energy
Qda adjusted daily water heating energy consumption with
adjustment for variation of tank to ambient air temperature
difference from nominal value
Qdm overall adjusted daily water heating energy consumption
including Qda and QHWD
Qhr hourly standby losses
QHW daily energy consumption to heat water over the measured
average temperature rise across the water heater
QHWD adjustment to daily energy consumption, Qhw,
due to variation of the temperature rise across the water
heater not equal to the nominal value of 77 deg.F (42.8
deg.C)
Qr energy consumption of fossil fuel or heat pump water
heaters between thermostat (or burner) cut-out prior to the
first draw and cut-out following the first draw of the 24-hr
simulated use test
Qr, max energy consumption of a modulating instantaneous
water heater between cut-out (burner) prior to the first draw
and cut-out following the first draw of the 24-hr simulated
use test
Qr, min energy consumption of a modulating instantaneous
water heater from immediately prior to the fourth draw to
burner cut-out following the fourth draw of the 24-hr
simulated use test
[[Page 146]]
Qstby total energy consumed by the water heater during the
standby time interval stby, 1
Qsu total fossil fueled and/or electric energy consumed from
the beginning of the first draw to the thermostat (or burner)
cut-out following the completion of the sixth draw during the
24-hr simulated use test
Tmin for modulating instantaneous water heaters, steady state
outlet water temperature at the minimum fuel input rate
T0 mean tank temperature at the beginning of the 24-hr
simulated use test
T24 mean tank temperature at the end of the 24-hr simulated
use test
Ta, stby average ambient air temperature during standby
periods of the 24-hr use test
Tdel for instantaneous water heaters, average outlet water
temperature during a 10-minute continuous draw interval in the
maximum gpm (L/min) rating test
Tdel, i average outlet water temperature during the ith draw
of the 24-hr simulated use test
Tin for instantaneous water heaters, average inlet water
temperature during a 10-minute continuous draw interval in the
maximum gpm (L/min) rating test
Tin, i average inlet water temperature during the ith draw of
the 24-hr simulated use test
Tmax, 1 maximum measured mean tank temperature after cut-out
following the first draw of the 24-hr simulated use test
Tstby average storage tank temperature during the standby
period stby, 2 of the 24-hr use test
Tsu maximum measured mean tank temperature after cut-out
following the sixth draw of the 24-hr simulated use test
Tt, stby average storage tank temperature during the standby
period stby, 1 of the 24-hr use test
T*del, i for storage-type water heaters, average outlet water
temperature during the ith draw (i=1 to n) of the first-hour
rating test
T*max, i for storage-type water heaters, maximum outlet water
temperature observed during the ith draw (i=1 to n) of the
first-hour rating test
T*min, i for storage-type water heaters, minimum outlet water
temperature to terminate the ith draw during the first-hour
rating test
UA standby loss coefficient of a storage-type water heater
Vi volume of water removed during the ith draw (i=1 to 6) of
the 24-hr simulated use test
V*i volume of water removed during the ith draw (i=1 to n)
during the first-hour rating test
V10m for instantaneous water heaters, volume of water removed
continuously during a 10-minute interval in the maximum gpm
(L/min) rating test
Vmax steady state water flow rate of an instantaneous water
heater at the rated input to give a discharge temperature of
135 deg.F 5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8
deg.C)
Vmin steady state water flow rate of a modulating
instantaneous water heater at the minimum input to give a
discharge temperature of Tmin up to 135 deg.F
5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8 deg.C)
Vst measured storage volume of the storage tank
Wf weight of storage tank when completely filled with water
Wt tare weight of storage tank when completely empty of water
nr recovery efficiency
p density of water
stby, 1 elapsed time between the time the maximum
mean tank temperature is observed after the sixth draw and the
end of the 24-hr simulated use test
stby, 2 overall standby periods when no water is
withdrawn during the 24-hr simulated use test
2. Test Conditions
2.1 Installation Requirements. Tests shall be performed with the
water heater and instrumentation installed in accordance with Section 4
of this appendix.
2.2 Ambient Air Temperature. The ambient air temperature shall be
maintained between 65.0 deg.F and 70.0 deg.F (18.3 deg.C and 21.1
deg.C) on a continuous basis. For heat pump water heaters, the dry bulb
temperature shall be maintained at 67.5 deg.F 1 deg.F
(19.7 deg.C 0.6 deg.C) and, in addition, the relative
humidity shall be maintained between 49% and 51%.
2.3 Supply Water Temperature. The temperature of the water being
supplied to the water heater shall be maintained at 58 deg.F
2 deg.F (14.4 deg.C 1.1 deg.C) throughout
the test.
2.4 Storage Tank Temperature. The average temperature of the water
within the storage tank shall be set to 135 deg.F 5 deg.F
(57.2 deg.C 2.8 deg.C).
2.5 Supply Water Pressure. During the test when water is not being
withdrawn, the supply pressure shall be maintained between 40 psig (275
kPa) and the maximum allowable pressure specified by the water heater
manufacturer.
2.6 Electrical and/or Fossil Fuel Supply.
2.6.1 Electrical. Maintain the electrical supply voltage to within
1% of the center of the voltage range specified by the
water heater and/or heat pump manufacturer.
2.6.2 Natural Gas. Maintain the supply pressure in accordance with
the manufacturer's specifications. If the supply pressure is not
specified, maintain a supply pressure of 7-10 inches of water column
(1.7-2.5 kPa). If the water heater is equipped with a gas appliance
pressure regulator, the regulator outlet pressure shall be within
10% of the manufacturer's specified manifold pressure.
[[Page 147]]
For all tests, use natural gas having a heating value of approximately
1,025 Btu per standard cubic foot (38,190 kJ per standard cubic meter).
2.6.3 Propane Gas. Maintain the supply pressure in accordance with
the manufacturer's specifications. If the supply pressure is not
specified, maintain a supply pressure of 11-13 inches of water column
(2.7-3.2 kPa). If the water heater is equipped with a gas appliance
pressure regulator, the regulator outlet pressure shall be within
10% of the manufacturer's specified manifold pressure. For
all tests, use propane gas with a heating value of approximately 2,500
Btu per standard cubic foot (93,147 kJ per standard cubic meter).
2.6.4 Fuel Oil Supply. Maintain an uninterrupted supply of fuel
oil. Use fuel oil having a heating value of approximately 138,700 Btu
per gallon (38,660 kJ per liter).
3. Instrumentation
3.1 Pressure Measurements. Pressure-measuring instruments shall
have an error no greater than the following values:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item measured Instrument accuracy Instrument precision
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas pressure................ 0.1 0.05
inch of water inch of water
column ( 0.025 kPa). minus> 0.012 kPa).
Atmospheric pressure........ 0.1 0.05
inch of mercury inch of mercury
column ( 0.34 kPa). minus> 0.17 kPa).
Water pressure.............. 1.0 0.50
pounds per square pounds per square
inch ( inch (
6.9 kPa). 3.45 kPa).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2 Temperature Measurement
3.2.1 Measurement. Temperature measurements shall be made in
accordance with the Standard Measurement Guide: Section on Temperature
Measurements, ASHRAE Standard 41.1-86.
3.2.2 Accuracy and Precision. The accuracy and precision of the
instruments, including their associated readout devices, shall be within
the following limits:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item measured Instrument accuracy Instrument precision
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air dry bulb temperature............. 0.2 deg.F 0.1 deg.F ( 0.06
( 0.1 deg.C). deg.C)
Air wet bulb temperature............. 0.2 deg.F 0.1 deg.F ( 0.06
( 0.1 deg.C). deg.C)
Inlet and outlet water temperatures.. 0.2 deg.F 0.1 deg.F ( 0.06
( 0.1 deg.C). deg.C)
Storage tank temperatures............ 0.5 deg.F 0.25 deg.F (
( 0.3 deg.C). 0.14 deg.C)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2.3 Scale Division. In no case shall the smallest scale division
of the instrument or instrument system exceed 2 times the specified
precision.
3.2.4 Temperature Difference. Temperature difference between the
entering and leaving water may be measured with any of the following:
a. A thermopile
b. Calibrated resistance thermometers
c. Precision thermometers
d. Calibrated thermistors
e. Calibrated thermocouples
f. Quartz thermometers
3.2.5 Thermopile Construction. If a thermopile is used, it shall be
made from calibrated thermocouple wire taken from a single spool.
Extension wires to the recording device shall also be made from that
same spool.
3.2.6 Time Constant. The time constant of the instruments used to
measure the inlet and outlet water temperatures shall be no greater than
5 seconds.
3.3 Liquid Flow Rate Measurement. The accuracy of the liquid flow
rate measurement, using the calibration if furnished, shall be equal to
or less than 1% of the measured value in mass units per
unit time.
3.4 Electric Energy. The electrical energy used shall be measured
with an instrument and associated readout device that is accurate within
1% of the reading.
3.5 Fossil Fuels. The quantity of fuel used by the water heater
shall be measured with an instrument and associated readout device that
is accurate within 1% of the reading.
3.6 Mass Measurements. For mass measurements greater than or equal
to 10 pounds (4.5 kg), a scale that is accurate within 1%
of the reading shall be used to make the measurement. For mass
measurements less than 10 pounds (4.5 kg), the scale shall provide a
measurement that is accurate within 0.1 pound (0.045 kg).
3.7 Heating Value. The higher heating value of the natural gas,
propane, or fuel oil shall be measured with an instrument and associated
readout device that is accurate within 1% of the reading.
The heating value of natural gas and propane must be corrected for local
temperature and pressure conditions.
[[Page 148]]
3.8 Time. The elapsed time measurements shall be measured with an
instrument that is accurate within 0.5 seconds per hour.
3.9 Volume. Volume measurements shall be measured with an accuracy
of 2% of the total volume.
4. Installation
4.1 Water Heater Mounting. A water heater designed to be
freestanding shall be placed on a \3/4\ inch (2 cm) thick plywood
platform supported by three 2 x 4 inch (5 cm x 10 cm) runners. If
the water heater is not approved for installation on combustible
flooring, suitable non-combustible material shall be placed between the
water heater and the platform. Counter-top water heaters shall be placed
against a simulated wall section. Wall-mounted water heaters shall be
supported on a simulated wall in accordance with the manufacturer-
published installation instructions. When a simulated wall is used, the
recommended construction is 2 x 4 inch (5 cm x 10 cm) studs, faced
with \3/4\ inch (2 cm) plywood. For heat pump water heaters that are
supplied with a storage tank, the two components, if not delivered as a
single package, shall be connected in accordance with the manufacturer-
published installation instructions and the overall system shall be
placed on the above-described plywood platform. If installation
instructions are not provided by the heat pump manufacturer, uninsulated
8 foot (2.4 m) long connecting hoses having an inside diameter of \5/8\
inch (1.6 cm) shall be used to connect the storage tank and the heat
pump water heater. With the exception of using the storage tank
described in 4.10, the same requirements shall apply for heat pump water
heaters that are supplied without a storage tank from the manufacturer.
The testing of the water heater shall occur in an area that is protected
from drafts.
4.2 Water Supply. Connect the water heater to a water supply
capable of delivering water at conditions as specified in Sections 2.3
and 2.5 of this appendix.
4.3 Water Inlet and Outlet Configuration. For freestanding water
heaters that are taller than 36 inches (91.4 cm), inlet and outlet
piping connections shall be configured in a manner consistent with
Figures 1 and 2. Inlet and outlet piping connections for wall-mounted
water heaters shall be consistent with Figure 3. For freestanding water
heaters that are 36 inches or less in height and not supplied as part of
a counter-top enclosure (commonly referred to as an under-the-counter
model), inlet and outlet piping shall be installed in a manner
consistent with Figures 4, 5, and 6. For water heaters that are supplied
with a counter-top enclosure, inlet and outlet piping shall be made in a
manner consistent with Figures 7A and 7B, respectively. The vertical
piping noted in Figures 7A and 7B shall be located (whether inside the
enclosure or along the outside in a recessed channel) in accordance with
the manufacturer-published installation instructions.
All dimensions noted in Figures 1 through 7 shall be achieved. All
piping between the water heater and the inlet and outlet temperature
sensors, noted as TIN and TOUT in the figures,
shall be Type ``L'' hard copper having the same diameter as the
connections on the water heater. Unions may be used to facilitate
installation and removal of the piping arrangements. A pressure gauge
and diaphragm expansion tank shall be installed in the supply water
piping at a location upstream of the inlet temperature sensor. An
appropriately rated pressure and temperature relief valve shall be
installed on all water heaters at the port specified by the
manufacturer. Discharge piping for the relief valve shall be non-
metallic. If heat traps, piping insulation, or pressure relief valve
insulation are supplied with the water heater, they shall be installed
for testing. Except when using a simulated wall, clearance shall be
provided such that none of the piping contacts other surfaces in the
test room.
[[Page 149]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR20JY98.005
[[Page 150]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR20JY98.006
[[Page 151]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR20JY98.007
[[Page 152]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR20JY98.008
4.4 Fuel and/or Electrical Power and Energy Consumption. Install
one or more instruments which measure, as appropriate, the quantity and
rate of electrical energy and/or fossil fuel consumption in accordance
with Section 3. For heat pump water heaters that use supplemental
resistive heating, the electrical energy supplied to the resistive
element(s) shall be metered separately from the electrical energy
supplied to the entire appliance or to the remaining components (e.g.,
compressor, fans, pumps, controls).
4.5 Internal Storage Tank Temperature Measurements. Install six
temperature measurement sensors inside the water heater tank with a
vertical distance of at least 4 inches (100 mm) between successive
sensors. A temperature sensor shall be positioned at the vertical
midpoint of each of the six equal
[[Page 153]]
volume nodes within the tank. Nodes designate the equal volumes used to
evenly partition the total volume of the tank. As much as is possible,
the temperature sensor should be positioned away from any heating
elements, anodic protective devices, tank walls, and flue pipe walls. If
the tank cannot accommodate six temperature sensors and meet the
installation requirements specified above, install the maximum number of
sensors which comply with the installation requirements. The temperature
sensors shall be installed either through (1) the anodic device opening;
(2) the relief valve opening; or (3) the hot water outlet. If installed
through the relief valve opening or the hot water outlet, a tee fitting
or outlet piping, as applicable, shall be installed as close as possible
to its original location. If the relief valve temperature sensor is
relocated, and it no longer extends into the top of the tank, a
substitute relief valve that has a sensing element that can reach into
the tank shall be installed. If the hot water outlet includes a heat
trap, the heat trap shall be installed on top of the tee fitting. Added
fittings shall be covered with thermal insulation having an R value
between 4 and 8 hft2' deg.F/Btu (0.7 and 1.4
m2' deg.C/W).
4.6 Ambient Air Temperature Measurement. Install an ambient air
temperature sensor at the vertical mid-point of the water heater and
approximately 2 feet (610 mm) from the surface of the water heater. The
sensor shall be shielded against radiation.
4.7 Inlet and Outlet Water Temperature Measurements. Install
temperature sensors in the cold-water inlet pipe and hot-water outlet
pipe as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7a and 7b, as applicable.
4.8 Flow Control. A valve shall be installed to provide flow as
specified in sections 5.1.4.1 for storage tank water heaters and 5.2.1
for instantaneous water heaters.
4.9 Flue Requirements.
4.9.1 Gas-Fired Water Heaters. Establish a natural draft in the
following manner. For gas-fired water heaters with a vertically
discharging draft hood outlet, a 5-foot (1.5-meter) vertical vent pipe
extension with a diameter equal to the largest flue collar size of the
draft hood shall be connected to the draft hood outlet. For gas-fired
water heaters with a horizontally discharging draft hood outlet, a 90-
degree elbow with a diameter equal to the largest flue collar size of
the draft hood shall be connected to the draft hood outlet. A 5-foot
(1.5-meter) length of vent pipe shall be connected to the elbow and
oriented to discharge vertically upward. Direct vent gas-fired water
heaters shall be installed with venting equipment specified in the
manufacturer's instructions using the minimum vertical and horizontal
lengths of vent pipe recommended by the manufacturer.
4.9.2 Oil-Fired Water Heaters. Establish a draft at the flue collar
at the value specified in the manufacturer's instructions. Establish the
draft by using a sufficient length of vent pipe connected to the water
heater flue outlet, and directed vertically upward. For an oil-fired
water heater with a horizontally discharging draft hood outlet, a 90-
degree elbow with a diameter equal to the largest flue collar size of
the draft hood shall be connected to the draft hood outlet. A length of
vent pipe sufficient to establish the draft shall be connected to the
elbow fitting and oriented to discharge vertically upward. Direct-vent
oil-fired water heaters should be installed with venting equipment as
specified in the manufacturer's instructions, using the minimum vertical
and horizontal lengths of vent pipe recommended by the manufacturer.
4.10 Heat Pump Water Heater Storage Tank. The tank to be used for
testing a heat pump water heater without a tank supplied by the
manufacturer (see Section 1.12.3b) shall be an electric storage-type
water heater having a measured volume of 47.0 gallons 1.0
gallon (178 liters 3.8 liters); two 4.5 kW heating elements
controlled in such a manner as to prevent both elements from operating
simultaneously; and an energy factor greater than or equal to the
minimum energy conservation standard (as determined in accordance with
Section 6.1.7) and less than or equal to the sum of the minimum energy
conservation standard and 0.02.
5. Test Procedures
5.1 Storage-type Water Heaters, Including Heat Pump Water Heaters.
5.1.1 Determination of Storage Tank Volume. Determine the storage
capacity, Vst, of the water heater under test, in gallons
(liters), by subtracting the tare weight--measured while the tank is
empty--from the gross weight of the storage tank when completely filled
with water (with all air eliminated and line pressure applied as
described in section 2.5) and dividing the resulting net weight by the
density of water at the measured temperature.
5.1.2 Setting the Thermostat.
5.1.2.1 Single Thermostat Tanks. Starting with a tank at the supply
water temperature, initiate normal operation of the water heater. After
cut-out, determine the mean tank temperature every minute until the
maximum value is observed. Determine whether this maximum value for the
mean tank temperature is within the range of 135 deg.F5
deg.F (57.2 deg.C2.8 deg.C). If not, turn off the water
heater, adjust the thermostat, drain and refill the tank with supply
water. Then, once again, initiate normal operation of the water heater,
and determine the maximum mean tank temperature after cut-out. Repeat
this sequence until the maximum mean
[[Page 154]]
tank temperature after cut-out is 135 deg.F5 deg.F (57.2
deg.C2.8 deg.C).
5.1.2.2 Tanks with Two or More Thermostats. Follow the same
sequence as for a single thermostat tank, i.e. start at the supply water
temperature, operate normally until cutout. Determine if the thermostat
that controls the uppermost heating element yields a maximum water
temperature of 135 deg.F5 deg.F (57.2
deg.C2.8 deg.C), as measured by the in-tank sensors that
are positioned above the uppermost heating element. If the tank
temperature at the thermostat is not within 135 deg.F5
deg.F (57.2 deg.C2.8 deg.C), turn off the water heater,
adjust the thermostat, drain and refill the tank with supply water. The
thermostat that controls the heating element positioned next highest in
the tank shall then be set to yield a maximum water temperature of 135
deg.F5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C2.8 deg.C). This
process shall be repeated until the thermostat controlling the lowest
element is correctly adjusted. When adjusting the thermostat that
controls the lowest element, the maximum mean tank temperature after
cut-out, as determined using all the in-tank sensors, shall be 135
deg.F5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C2.8 deg.C). When
adjusting all other thermostats, use only the in-tank temperature
sensors positioned above the heating element in question to evaluate the
maximum water temperature after cut-out.
For heat pump water heaters that control an auxiliary resistive
element, the thermostat shall be set in accordance with the
manufacturer's installation instructions.
5.1.3 Power Input Determination. For all water heaters except
electric types having immersed heating elements, initiate normal
operation and determine the power input, P, to the main burners
(including pilot light power, if any) after 15 minutes of operation. If
the water heater is equipped with a gas appliance pressure regulator,
the regulator outlet pressure shall be set within 10% of
that recommended by the manufacturer. For oil-fired water heaters the
fuel pump pressure shall be within 10% of the
manufacturer's specified pump pressure. All burners shall be adjusted to
achieve an hourly Btu (kJ) rating that is within 2% of the
value specified by the manufacturer. For an oil-fired water heater,
adjust the burner to give a CO2 reading recommended by the
manufacturer and an hourly Btu (kJ) rating that is within
2% of that specified by the manufacturer. Smoke in the flue may not
exceed No. 1 smoke as measured by the procedure in ASTM-D-2156-80.
5.1.4 First-Hour Rating Test.
5.1.4.1 General. During hot water draws, remove water at a rate of
3.00.25 gallons per minute (11.40.95 liters per
minute). Collect the water in a container that is large enough to hold
the volume removed during an individual draw and suitable for weighing
at the termination of each draw. Alternatively, a water meter may be
used to directly measure the water volume(s) withdrawn.
5.1.4.2 Draw Initiation Criteria. Begin the first-hour rating test
by imposing a draw on the storage-type water heater. After completion of
this first draw, initiate successive draws based on the following
criteria. For gas-and oil-fired water heaters, initiate successive draws
when the thermostat acts to reduce the supply of fuel to the main
burner. For electric water heaters having a single element or multiple
elements that all operate simultaneously, initiate successive draws when
the thermostat acts to reduce the electrical input supplied to the
element(s). For electric water heaters having two or more elements that
do not operate simultaneously, initiate successive draws when the
applicable thermostat acts to reduce the electrical input to the element
located vertically highest in the storage tank. For heat pump waters
heaters that do not use supplemental resistive heating, initiate
successive draws immediately after the electrical input to the
compressor is reduced by the action of the water heater's thermostat.
For heat pump waters heaters that use supplemental resistive heating,
initiate successive draws immediately after the electrical input to the
compressor or the uppermost resistive element is reduced by the action
of the applicable water heater thermostat. This draw initiation
criterion for heat pump water heaters that use supplemental resistive
heating, however, shall only apply when the water located above the
thermostat at cut-out is heated to 135 deg.F5 deg.F (57.2
deg.C2.8 deg.C).
5.1.4.3 Test Sequence. Establish normal water heater operation. If
the water heater is not presently operating, initiate a draw. The draw
may be terminated anytime after cut-in occurs. After cut-out occurs
(i.e., all thermostats are satisfied), monitor the internal storage tank
temperature sensors described in section 4.5 every minute.
Initiate a draw after a maximum mean tank temperature has been
observed following cut-out. Record the time when the draw is initiated
and designate it as an elapsed time of zero (* = 0). (The
superscript * is used to denote variables pertaining to the first-hour
rating test.) Record the outlet water temperature beginning 15 seconds
after the draw is initiated and at 5-second intervals thereafter until
the draw is terminated. Determine the maximum outlet temperature that
occurs during this first draw and record it as T*max, 1. For
the duration of this first draw and all successive draws, in addition,
monitor the inlet temperature to the water heater to ensure that the
required 58 deg.F2 deg.F (14.4 deg.C1.1
deg.C) test condition is met. Terminate the hot water draw when the
outlet temperature decreases to T*max,1-25 deg.F
(T*max,1-13.9 deg.C). Record this temperature as
[[Page 155]]
T*min,1. Following draw termination, determine the average
outlet water temperature and the mass or volume removed during this
first draw and record them as T*del,1 and M*1 or
V*1, respectively.
Initiate a second and, if applicable, successive draw each time the
applicable draw initiation criteria described in section 5.1.4.2 are
satisfied. As required for the first draw, record the outlet water
temperature 15 seconds after initiating each draw and at 5-second
intervals thereafter until the draw is terminated. Determine the maximum
outlet temperature that occurs during each draw and record it as
T*max, i, where the subscript i refers to the draw number.
Terminate each hot water draw when the outlet temperature decreases to
T*max, i-25 deg.F (T*max, i-13.9 deg.C). Record
this temperature as T*min, i. Calculate and record the
average outlet temperature and the mass or volume removed during each
draw (T*del, i and M*i or V*i,
respectively). Continue this sequence of draw and recovery until one
hour has elapsed, then shut off the electrical power and/or fuel
supplied to the water heater.
If a draw is occurring at an elapsed time of one hour, continue this
draw until the outlet temperature decreases to T*max, n-25
deg.F (T*max, n -13.9 deg.C), at which time the draw shall
be immediately terminated. (The subscript n shall be used to denote
quantities associated with the final draw.) If a draw is not occurring
at an elapsed time of one hour, a final draw shall be imposed at one
hour. This draw shall be immediately terminated when the outlet
temperature first indicates a value less than or equal to the cut-off
temperature used for the previous draw (T*min, n-1). For
cases where the outlet temperature is close to T*min, n-1,
the final draw shall proceed for a minimum of 30 seconds. If an outlet
temperature greater than T*min, n-1 is not measured within 30
seconds, the draw shall be immediately terminated and zero additional
credit shall be given towards first-hour rating (i.e., M*n =
0 or V*n = 0). After the final draw is terminated, calculate
and record the average outlet temperature and the mass or volume removed
during the draw (T*del, n and M*n or
V*n, respectively).
5.1.5 24-Hour Simulated Use Test. During the simulated use test, a
total of 64.3 1.0 gallons (2433.8 liters) shall
be removed. This value is referred to as the daily hot water usage in
the following text.
With the water heater turned off, fill the water heater with supply
water and apply pressure as described in section 2.5. Turn on the water
heater and associated heat pump unit, if present. After the cut-out
occurs, the water heater may be operated for up to three cycles of
drawing until cut-in, and then operating until cut-out, prior to the
start of the test.
At this time, record the mean tank temperature (To), and
the electrical and/or fuel measurement readings, as appropriate. Begin
the 24-hour simulated use test by withdrawing a volume from the water
heater that equals one-sixth of the daily hot water usage. Record the
time when this first draw is initiated and assign it as the test elapsed
time () of zero (0). Record the average storage tank and
ambient temperature every 15 minutes throughout the 24-hour simulated
use test unless a recovery or a draw is occurring. At elapsed time
intervals of one, two, three, four, and five hours from = 0,
initiate additional draws, removing an amount of water equivalent to
one-sixth of the daily hot water usage with the maximum allowable
deviation for any single draw being 0.5 gallons (1.9
liters). The quantity of water withdrawn during the sixth draw shall be
increased or decreased as necessary such that the total volume of water
withdrawn equals 64.3 gallons 1.0 gallon (243.4 liters
3.8 liters).
All draws during the simulated use test shall be made at flow rates
of 3.0 gallons 0.25 gallons per minute (11.4 liters
0.95 liters per minute). Measurements of the inlet and
outlet temperatures shall be made 15 seconds after the draw is initiated
and at every subsequent 5-second interval throughout the duration of
each draw. The arithmetic mean of the hot water discharge temperature
and the cold water inlet temperature shall be determined for each draw
(Tdel, i and Tin, i). Determine and record the net
mass or volume removed (Mi or Vi ), as
appropriate, after each draw.
At the end of the recovery period following the first draw, record
the maximum mean tank temperature observed after cut-out,
Tmax, 1, and the energy consumed by an electric resistance,
gas or oil-fired water heater, Qr. For heat pump water
heaters, the total electrical energy consumed during the first recovery
by the heat pump (including compressor, fan, controls, pump, etc.) and,
if applicable, by the resistive element(s) shall be recorded as
Qr.
At the end of the recovery period that follows the sixth draw,
determine and record the total electrical energy and/or fossil fuel
consumed since the beginning of the test, Qsu. In preparation
for determining the energy consumed during standby, record the reading
given on the electrical energy (watt-hour) meter, the gas meter, and/or
the scale used to determine oil consumption, as appropriate. Record the
maximum value of the mean tank temperature after cut-out as
Tsu. Except as noted below, allow the water heater to remain
in the standby mode until 24 hours have elapsed from the start of the
test (i.e., since = 0). Prevent the water heater from beginning a
recovery cycle during the last hour of the test by turning off the
electric power to the electrical heating elements and heat pump, if
present, or by turning down the fuel supply to the main burner at
[[Page 156]]
an elapsed time of 23 hours. If a recovery is taking place at an elapsed
time of 23 hours, wait until the recovery is complete before reducing
the electrical and/or fuel supply to the water heater. At 24 hours,
record the mean tank temperature, T24, and the electric and/
or fuel instrument readings. Determine the total fossil fuel or
electrical energy consumption, as appropriate, for the entire 24-hour
simulated use test, Q. Record the time interval between the time at
which the maximum mean tank temperature is observed after the sixth draw
and the end of the 24-hour test as stby, 1. Record the time
during which water is not being withdrawn from the water heater during
the entire 24-hour period as stby, 2.
5.2 Instantaneous Gas and Electric Water Heaters
5.2.1 Setting the Outlet Discharge Temperature. Initiate normal
operation of the water heater at the full input rating for electric
instantaneous water heaters and at the maximum firing rate specified by
the manufacturer for gas instantaneous water heaters. Monitor the
discharge water temperature and set to a value of 135 deg.F
5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8 deg.C) in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. If the water heater is
not capable of providing this discharge temperature when the flow rate
is 3.0 gallons 0.25 gallons per minute (11.4 liters
0.95 liters per minute), then adjust the flow rate as
necessary to achieve the specified discharge water temperature. Record
the corresponding flow rate as Vmax.
5.2.2 Additional Requirements for Variable Input Instantaneous Gas
Water Heaters. If the instantaneous water heater incorporates a
controller that permits operation at a reduced input rate, adjust the
flow rate as necessary to achieve a discharge water temperature of 135
deg.F 5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8 deg.C) while
maintaining the minimum input rate. Record the corresponding flow rate
as Vmin. If an outlet temperature of 135 deg.F
5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8 deg.C) cannot be achieved at the
minimum flow rate permitted by the instantaneous water heater, record
the flow rate as Vmin and the corresponding outlet
temperature as Tmin.
5.2.3 Maximum GPM Rating Test for Instantaneous Water Heaters.
Establish normal water heater operation at the full input rate for
electric instantaneous water heaters and at the maximum firing rate for
gas instantaneous water heaters with the discharge water temperature set
in accordance with Section 5.2.1. During the 10-minute test, either
collect the withdrawn water for later measurement of the total mass
removed, or alternatively, use a water meter to directly measure the
water volume removed.
After recording the scale or water meter reading, initiate water
flow throughout the water heater, record the inlet and outlet water
temperatures beginning 15 seconds after the start of the test and at
subsequent 5-second intervals throughout the duration of the test. At
the end of 10 minutes, turn off the water. Determine the mass of water
collected, M10m, in pounds (kilograms), or the volume of
water, V10m, in gallons (liters).
5.2.4 24-hour Simulated Use Test for Gas Instantaneous Water
Heaters.
5.2.4.1 Fixed Input Instantaneous Water Heaters. Establish normal
operation with the discharge water temperature and flow rate set to
values of 135 deg.F 5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8
deg.C) and Vmax per Section 5.2.1, respectively. With no
draw occurring, record the reading given by the gas meter and/or the
electrical energy meter as appropriate. Begin the 24-hour simulated use
test by drawing an amount of water out of the water heater equivalent to
one-sixth of the daily hot water usage. Record the time when this first
draw is initiated and designate it as an elapsed time, , of 0.
At elapsed time intervals of one, two, three, four, and five hours from
= 0, initiate additional draws, removing an amount of water
equivalent to one-sixth of the daily hot water usage, with the maximum
allowable deviation for any single draw being 0.5 gallons
(1.9 liters). The quantity of water drawn during the sixth draw shall be
increased or decreased as necessary such that the total volume of water
withdrawn equals 64.3 gallons 1.0 gallons (243.4 liters
3.8 liters).
Measurements of the inlet and outlet water temperatures shall be
made 15 seconds after the draw is initiated and at every 5-second
interval thereafter throughout the duration of the draw. The arithmetic
mean of the hot water discharge temperature and the cold water inlet
temperature shall be determined for each draw. Record the scale used to
measure the mass of the withdrawn water or the water meter reading, as
appropriate, after each draw. At the end of the recovery period
following the first draw, determine and record the fossil fuel or
electrical energy consumed, Qr. Following the sixth draw and
subsequent recovery, allow the water heater to remain in the standby
mode until exactly 24 hours have elapsed since the start of the test
(i.e., since = 0). At 24 hours, record the reading given by
the gas meter and/or the electrical energy meter as appropriate.
Determine the fossil fuel or electrical energy consumed during the
entire 24-hour simulated use test and designate the quantity as Q.
5.2.4.2 Variable Input Instantaneous Water Heaters. If the
instantaneous water heater incorporates a controller that permits
continuous operation at a reduced input rate, the first three draws
shall be conducted using the maximum flow rate, Vmax, while
removing an amount of water equivalent to one-sixth of the daily hot
water usage, with the maximum allowable deviation for any one of
[[Page 157]]
the three draws being 0.5 gallons (1.9 liters). The second
three draws shall be conducted at Vmin. If an outlet
temperature of 135 deg.F 5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C
2.8 deg.C) could not be achieved at the minimum flow rate
permitted by the instantaneous water heater, the last three draws should
be lengthened such that the volume removed is:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.001
or
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.002
where Tmin is the outlet water temperature at the flow rate
Vmin as determined in Section 5.2.1, and where the maximum
allowable variation for any one of the three draws is 0.5
gallons (1.9 liters). The quantity of water withdrawn during the sixth
draw shall be increased or decreased as necessary such that the total
volume of water withdrawn equals (32.15 +
3'V4,5,6) 1.0 gallons
((121.7 + 3V. 4,5,6) 3.8
liters).
Measurements of the inlet and outlet water temperatures shall be
made 5 seconds after a draw is initiated and at every 5-second interval
thereafter throughout the duration of the draw. Determine the arithmetic
mean of the hot water discharge temperature and the cold water inlet
temperature for each draw. Record the scale used to measure the mass of
the withdrawn water or the water meter reading, as appropriate, after
each draw. At the end of the recovery period following the first draw,
determine and record the fossil fuel or electrical energy consumed,
Qr, max. Likewise, record the reading of the meter used to
measure fossil fuel or electrical energy consumption prior to the fourth
draw and at the end of the recovery period following the fourth draw,
and designate the difference as Qr,min. Following the sixth
draw and subsequent recovery, allow the water heater to remain in the
standby mode until exactly 24 hours have elapsed since the start of the
test (i.e., since =0). At 24 hours, record the reading given by
the gas meter and/or the electrical energy meter, as appropriate.
Determine the fossil fuel or electrical energy consumed during the
entire 24-hour simulated use test and designate the quantity as Q.
6. Computations
6.1 Storage Tank and Heat Pump Water Heaters.
6.1.1 Storage Tank Capacity. The storage tank capacity is computed
using the following:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.003
Where:
Vst = the storage capacity of the water heater, gal (L).
Wf = the weight of the storage tank when completely filled
with water, lb (kg).
Wt = the (tare) weight of the storage tank when completely
empty, lb (kg).
= the density of water used to fill the tank measured at the
temperature of the water, lb/gal (kg/L).
6.1.2. First-Hour Rating Computation. For the case in which the
final draw is initiated at or prior to an elapsed time of one hour, the
first-hour rating shall be computed using,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.004
Where:
n = the number of draws that are completed during the first-hour rating
test.
V*i = the volume of water removed during the ith draw of the
first-hour rating test, gal (L)
or, if the mass of water is being measured,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.005
Where:
M*i = the mass of water removed during the ith draw of the
first-hour rating test, lb (kg).
= the water density corresponding to the average outlet
temperature measured during the ith draw,
(T*del, I), lb/gal (kg/L).
For the case in which a draw is not in progress at the elapsed time
of one hour and a final draw is imposed at the elapsed time of one hour,
the first-hour rating shall be calculated using
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.006
where n and V*i are the same quantities as defined above, and
V*n = the volume of water drawn during the nth (final) draw
of the first-hour rating test, gal (L)
T*del,n-1 = the average water outlet temperature measured
during the (n-1)th draw of the first-hour rating test, deg.F
( deg.C).
T*del,n = the average water outlet temperature measured
during the nth (final) draw of the first-hour rating test,
deg.F ( deg.C).
[[Page 158]]
T*min,n-1 = the minimum water outlet temperature measured
during the (n-1)th draw of the first-hour rating test, deg.F
( deg.C).
6.1.3 Recovery Efficiency. The recovery efficiency for gas, oil,
and heat pump storage-type water heaters is computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.007
Where:
M1 = total mass removed during the first draw of the 24-hour
simulated use test, lb (kg), or, if the volume of water is
being measured,
M1 = V1 1
Where:
V1 = total volume removed during the first draw of the 24-
hour simulated use test, gal (L).
1 = density of the water at the water temperature
measured at the point where the flow volume is measured, lb/
gal (kg/L).
Cp1 = specific heat of the withdrawn water,
(Tdel,1 + Tin,1) 2, Btu/lb deg.F (kJ/kg
deg.C).
Tdel,1 = average water outlet temperature measured during the
first draw of the 24-hour simulated use test, deg.F ( deg.C).
Tin,1 = average water inlet temperature measured during the
first draw of the 24-hour simulated use test, deg.F ( deg.C).
Vst = as defined in section 6.1.1.
2 = density of stored hot water, (Tmax,1
+ To)/2, lb/gal (kg/L).
Cp2 = specific heat of stored hot water evaluated at
(Tmax,1 + To) / 2, Btu/lb deg.F (kJ/
kg2 deg.C).
Tmax,1 = maximum mean tank temperature recorded after cut-out
following the first draw of the 24-hour simulated use test,
deg.F ( deg.C).
To = maximum mean tank temperature recorded prior to the
first draw of the 24-hour simulated use test, deg.F ( deg.C).
Qr = the total energy used by the water heater between cut-
out prior to the first draw and cut-out following the first
draw, including auxiliary energy such as pilot lights, pumps,
fans, etc., Btu (kJ). (Electrical auxiliary energy shall be
converted to thermal energy using the following conversion: 1
kWh = 3,412 Btu.)
The recovery efficiency for electric water heaters with immersed
heating elements is assumed to be 98%.
6.1.4 Hourly Standby Losses. The hourly standby energy losses are
computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.008
Where:
Qhr = the hourly standby energy losses of the water
heater, Btu/h (kJ/h).
Qstby = the total energy consumed by the water heater between
the time at which the maximum mean tank temperature is
observed after the sixth draw and the end of the 24-hour test
period, Btu (kJ).
Vst = as defined in section 6.1.1.
= density of stored hot water, (T24 +
Tsu) / 2, lb/gal (kg/L).
Cp = specific heat of the stored water, (T24 +
Tsu) / 2, Btu/lb deg.F (kJ/
kg deg.C).
T24 = the mean tank temperature at the end of the 24-hour
simulated use test, deg.F ( deg.C).
Tsu = the maximum mean tank temperature observed after the
sixth draw, deg.F ( deg.C).
r = as defined in section 6.1.3.
stby, 1 = elapsed time between the time at which the
maximum mean tank temperature is observed after the sixth draw
and the end of the 24-hour simulated use test, h.
The standby heat loss coefficient for the tank is computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.009
Where:
UA = standby heat loss coefficient of the storage tank, Btu/
h deg.F (kJ/h deg.C).
Qhr = as defined in this section.
Tt, stby,1= overall average storage tank temperature between
the time when the maximum mean tank temperature is observed
after the sixth draw and the end of the 24-hour simulated use
test, deg.F ( deg.C).
Ta, stby,1= overall average ambient temperature between the
time when the maximum mean tank temperature is observed after
the sixth draw and the end of the 24-hour simulated use test,
deg.F ( deg.C).
[[Page 159]]
6.1.5 Daily Water Heating Energy Consumption. The daily water
heating energy consumption, Qd, is computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.010
Where:
Q = total energy used by the water heater during the 24-hour simulated
use test including auxiliary energy such as pilot lights,
pumps, fans, etc., Btu (kJ). (Electrical auxiliary energy
shall be converted to thermal energy using the following
conversion: 1 kWh = 3,412 Btu.)
Vst = as defined in section 6.1.1.
= density of the stored hot water, (T24 +
To) / 2, lb/gal (kg/L).
Cp = specific heat of the stored water, (T24 +
To) / 2, Btu/lb deg.F (kJ/
kg deg.C).
T24 = mean tank temperature at the end of the 24-hour
simulated use test, deg.F ( deg.C).
To = mean tank temperature at the beginning of the 24-hour
simulated use test, recorded one minute before the first draw
is initiated, deg.F ( deg.C).
r = as defined in section 6.1.3.
6.1.6 Adjusted Daily Water Heating Energy Consumption. The adjusted
daily water heating energy consumption, Qda, takes into
account that the temperature difference between the storage tank and
surrounding ambient air may not be the nominal value of 67.5 deg.F (135
deg.F-67.5 deg.F) or 37.5 deg.C (57.2 deg.C-19.7 deg.C) due to the
10 deg.F (5.6 deg.C) allowable variation in storage tank temperature,
135 deg.F 5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8 deg.C),
and the 5 deg.F (2.8 deg.C) allowable variation in surrounding ambient
temperature 65 deg.F (18.3 deg.C) to 70 deg.F (21.1 deg.C). The
adjusted daily water heating energy consumption is computed as:
Qda = QD - [(Tstby, 2 - Ta,
stby,2) - (135 deg.F - 67.5 deg.F)]
UAstby, 2
or Qda = QD - [(Tstby, 2 -
Ta, stby, 2) - (57.2 deg.C - 19.7
deg.C)] UAstby, 2
Where:
Qda = the adjusted daily water heating energy consumption,
Btu (kJ).
Qd = as defined in section 6.1.5.
Tstby, 2 = the mean tank temperature during the total standby
portion, stby, 2, of the 24-hour test,
deg.F ( deg.C).
Ta, stby, 2 = the average ambient temperature during the
total standby portion, stby, 2, of
the 24-hour test, deg.F ( deg.C).
UA = as defined in section 6.1.4.
stby, 2 = the number of hours during the 24-hour
simulated test when water is not being withdrawn from the
water heater.
A modification is also needed to take into account that the
temperature difference between the outlet water temperature and supply
water temperature may not be equivalent to the nominal value of 77
deg.F (135 deg.F-58 deg.F) or 42.8 deg.C (57.2 deg.C-14.4 deg.C).
The following equations adjust the experimental data to a nominal 77
deg.F (42.8 deg.C) temperature rise.
The energy used to heat water, Btu/day (kJ/day), may be computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.011
Where:
Mi = the mass withdrawn for the ith draw (i = 1 to 6), lb
(kg).
Cpi = the specific heat of the water of the ith draw, Btu/
lb deg.F (kJ/kg deg.C).
Tdel, i = the average water outlet temperature measured
during the ith draw (i=1 to 6), deg.F ( deg.C).
Tin, i = the average water inlet temperature measured during
the ith draw (i=1 to 6), deg.F ( deg.C).
r = as defined in section 6.1.3.
The energy required to heat the same quantity of water over a 77
deg.F (42.8 deg.C) temperature rise, Btu/day (kJ/day), is:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.012
The difference between these two values is:
QHWD = QHW, 77+-F -QHW
or QHWD = QHW,42.8+-F -QHW
which must be added to the adjusted daily water heating energy
consumption value. Thus, the daily energy consumption value which takes
into account that the temperature difference between the storage tank
and ambient temperature may not be 67.5 deg.F (37.5 deg.C) and that
the temperature rise across the storage tank may not be 77 deg.F (42.8
deg.C) is:
Qdm = Qda + QHWD
6.1.7 Energy Factor. The energy factor, Ef, is computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.013
or
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.014
Where:
Qdm = the modified daily water heating energy consumption as
computed in accordance with section 6.1.6, Btu (kJ).
Mi = the mass withdrawn for the ith draw
(i = 1 to 6), lb (kg).
Cpi = the specific heat of the water of the ith draw, Btu/lb
deg.F (kJ/kg deg.C).
[[Page 160]]
6.1.8 Annual Energy Consumption. The annual energy consumption for
storage-type and heat pump water heaters is computed as:
Eannual = 365 x Qdm
Where:
Qdm = the modified daily water heating energy consumption as
computed in accordance with section 6.1.6, Btu (kJ).
365 = the number of days in a year.
6.2 Instantaneous Water Heaters.
6.2.1 Maximum GPM (L/min) Rating Computation. Compute the maximum
gpm (L/min) rating as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.015
which may be expressed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.016
Where:
M10m = the mass of water collected during the 10-minute test,
lb (kg).
Tdel = the average delivery temperature, deg.F ( deg.C).
Tin = the average inlet temperature, deg.F ( deg.C).
= the density of water at the average delivery temperature,
lb/gal (kg/L).
If a water meter is used the maximum gpm (L/min) rating is computed
as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.017
Where:
V10m = the volume of water measured during the 10-minute
test, gal (L).
Tdel = as defined in this section.
Tin = as defined in this section.
6.2.2 Recovery Efficiency
6.2.2.1 Fixed Input Instantaneous Water Heaters. The recovery
efficiency is computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.018
Where:
M1 = total mass removed during the first draw of the 24-hour
simulated use test, lb (kg), or, if the volume of water is
being measured,
M1 = V1.
Where:
V1 = total volume removed during the first draw of the 24-
hour simulated use test, gal (L).
= density of the water at the water temperature measured at the
point where the flow volume is measured, lb/gal (kg/L).
Cp1 = specific heat of the withdrawn water,
(Tdel,1 + Tin,1) / 2, Btu/lb deg.F (kJ/
kg deg.C).
Tdel, 1 = average water outlet temperature measured during
the first draw of the 24-hour simulated use test, deg.F
( deg.C).
Tin, 1 = average water inlet temperature measured during the
first draw of the 24-hour simulated use test, deg.F ( deg.C).
Qr = the total energy used by the water heater between cut-
out prior to the first draw and cut-out following the first
draw, including auxiliary energy such as pilot lights, pumps,
fans, etc., Btu (kJ). (Electrical auxiliary energy shall be
converted to thermal energy using the following conversion: 1
kWh = 3,412 Btu.)
6.2.2.2 Variable Input Instantaneous Water Heaters. For
instantaneous water heaters that have a variable firing rate, two
recovery efficiency values are computed, one at the maximum input rate
and one at the minimum input rate. The recovery efficiency used in
subsequent computations is taken as the average of these two values. The
maximum recovery efficiency is computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.019
Where:
M1 = as defined in section 6.2.2.1.
Cp1 = as defined in section 6.2.2.1.
Tdel, 1 = as defined in section 6.2.2.1.
Tin, 1 = as defined in section 6.2.2.1.
Qr, max = the total energy used by the water heater between
burner cut-out prior to the first draw and burner cut-out
following the first draw, including auxiliary energy such as
pilot lights, Btu (kJ).
The minimum recovery efficiency is computed as:
[[Page 161]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.020
Where:
M4 = the mass withdrawn during the fourth draw, lb (kg), or,
if the volume of water is being measured,
M4 = V4
Where:
V4 = total volume removed during the first draw of the 24-
hour simulated use test, gal (L).
= as defined in 6.2.2.1
Cp4 = the specific heat of water, Btu/lb deg.F (kJ/kg
deg.C).
Tdel, 4 = the average delivery temperature for the fourth
draw, deg.F ( deg.C).
Tin, 4 = the average inlet temperature for the fourth draw,
deg.F ( deg.C).
Qr, min = the total energy consumed between the beginning of
the fourth draw and burner cut-out following the fourth draw,
including auxiliary energy such as pilot lights, Btu (kJ).
The recovery efficiency is computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.021
Where:
r,max = as calculated above.
r,min = as calculated above.
6.2.3 Daily Water Heating Energy Consumption. The daily water
heating energy consumption, Qd, is computed as:
Qd = Q
Where:
Q = the energy used by the instantaneous water heater during the 24-hr
simulated use test.
A modification is needed to take into account that the temperature
difference between the outlet water temperature and supply water
temperature may not be equivalent to the nominal value of 77 deg.F (135
deg.F-58 deg.F) or 42.8 deg.C (57.2 deg.C-14.4 deg.C). The
following equations adjust the experimental data to a nominal 77 deg.F
(42.8 deg.C) temperature rise.
The energy used to heat water may be computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.022
Where:
Mi = the mass withdrawn during the ith draw, lb (kg).
Cpi = the specific heat of water of the ith draw, Btu/lb
deg.F (kJ/kg ( deg.C).
Tdel,i = the average delivery temperature of the ith draw,
deg.F ( deg.C).
Tin,i = the average inlet temperature of the ith draw, deg.F
( deg.C).
r = as calculated in section 6.2.2.2.
The energy required to heat the same quantity of water over a 77
deg.F (42.8 deg.C) temperature rise is:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.023
Where:
Mi = the mass withdrawn during the ith draw, lb (kg).
Cpi = the specific heat of water of the ith draw, Btu/lb
deg.F (kJ/kg ( deg.C).
r = as calculated above.
The difference between these two values is:
QHWD = QHW, 77 deg.F - QHW
or QHWD = QHW, 42.8 deg.C -
QHW
which much be added to the daily water heating energy consumption
value. Thus, the daily energy consumption value which takes into account
that the temperature rise across the storage tank may not be 77 deg.F
(42.8 deg.C) is:
Qdm = Qd + QHWD
6.2.4 Energy Factor. The energy factor, Ef, is
computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR11MY98.024
Where:
Qdm = the daily water heating energy consumption as computed
in accordance with section 6.2.3, Btu (kJ).
Mi = the mass associated with the ith draw, lb (kg).
Cpi = the specific heat of water computed at a temperature of
(58 deg.F + 135 deg.F) / 2, Btu/lb deg.F [(14.4 deg.C +
57.2 deg.C) / 2, kJ/kg deg.C].
6.2.5 Annual Energy Consumption. The annual energy consumption for
instantaneous type water heaters is computed as:
Eannual = 365 x Qdm
Where:
Qdm = the modified daily energy consumption, Btu/day (kJ/
day).
365 = the number of days in a year.
[[Page 162]]
7. Ratings for Untested Models
In order to relieve the test burden on manufacturers who offer water
heaters which differ only in fuel type or power input, ratings for
untested models may be established in accordance with the following
procedures. In lieu of the following procedures a manufacturer may elect
to test the unit for which a rating is sought.
7.1 Gas Water Heaters. Ratings obtained for gas water heaters using
natural gas can be used for an identical water heater which utilizes
propane gas if the input ratings are within 10%.
7.2 Electric Water Heaters
7.2.1 First-Hour Rating. If an electric storage-type water heater
is available with more than one input rating, the manufacturer shall
designate the standard input rating, and the water heater need only be
tested with heating elements at the designated standard input ratings.
The first-hour ratings for units having power input rating less than the
designated standard input rating shall be assigned a first-hour rating
equivalent to the first draw of the first-hour rating for the electric
water heater with the standard input rating. For units having power
inputs greater than the designated standard input rating, the first-hour
rating shall be equivalent to that measured for the water heater with
the standard input rating.
7.2.2 Energy Factor. The energy factor for identical electric
storage-type water heaters, with the exception of heating element
wattage, may use the energy factor obtained during testing of the water
heater with the designated standard input rating.
[63 FR 26008, May 11, 1998; 63 FR 38738, July 20, 1998]
Appendix F to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Room Air Conditioners
1. Test method. The test method for testing room air conditioners
shall consist of application of the methods and conditions in American
National Standard (ANS) Z234.1-1972, ``Room Air Conditioners,'' sections
4, 5, 6.1, and 6.5, and in American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air Conditioning in Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 16-69, ``Method of
Testing for Rating Room Air Conditioners.''
2. Test conditions. Establish the test conditions described in
sections 4 and 5 of ANS Z234.1-1972 and in accordance with ASHRAE
Standard 16-69.
3. Measurements. Measure the quantities delineated in section 5 of
ANS Z234.1-1972.
4. Calculations. 4.1 Calculate the cooling capacity (expressed in
Btu/hr) as required in section 6.1 of ANS Z234.1-1972 and in accordance
with ASHRAE Standard 16-69.
4.2 Determine the electrical power input (expressed in watts) as
required by section 6.5 of ANS Z234.1-1972 and in accordance with ASHRAE
Standard 16-69.
[42 FR 27898, June 1, 1977. Redesignated and amended at 44 FR 37938,
June 29, 1979]
Appendix G to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Unvented Home Heating Equipment
1. Testing conditions.
1.1 Installation.
1.1.1 Electric heater. Install heater according to manufacturer's
instructions. Heaters shall be connected to an electrical supply circuit
of nameplate voltage with a wattmeter installed in the circuit. The
wattmeter shall have a maximum error not greater than one percent.
1.1.2 Unvented gas heater. Install heater according to
manufacturer's instructions. Heaters shall be connected to a gas supply
line with a gas displacement meter installed between the supply line and
the heater according to manufacturer's specifications. The gas
displacement meter shall have a maximum error not greater than one
percent. Gas heaters with electrical auxiliaries shall be connected to
an electrical supply circuit of nameplate voltage with a wattmeter
installed in the circuit. The wattmeter shall have a maximum error not
greater than one percent.
1.1.3 Unvented oil heater. Install heater according to
manufacturer's instructions. Oil heaters with electric auxiliaries shall
be connected to an electrical supply circuit of nameplate voltage with a
wattmeter installed in the circuit. The wattmeter shall have a maximum
error not greater than one percent.
1.2 Temperature regulating controls. All temperature regulating
controls shall be shorted out of the circuit or adjusted so that they
will not operate during the test period.
1.3 Fan controls. All fan controls shall be set at the highest fan
speed setting.
1.4 Energy supply.
1.4.1 Electrical supply. Supply power to the heater within one
percent of the nameplate voltage.
1.4.2 Natural gas supply. For an unvented gas heater utilizing
natural gas, maintain the gas supply to the heater with a normal inlet
test pressure immediately ahead of all controls at 7 to 10 inches of
water column. The regulator outlet pressure at normal supply test
pressure shall be approximately that recommended by the manufacturer.
The natural gas supplied should have a higher heating value within
5 percent of 1,025 Btu's per standard cubic foot. Determine
the higher heating value, in Btu's per standard cubic
[[Page 163]]
foot, for the natural gas to be used in the test, with an error no
greater than one percent. Alternatively, the test can be conducted using
``bottled'' natural gas of a higher heating value within 5
percent of 1,025 Btu's per standard cubic foot as long as the actual
higher heating value of the bottled natural gas has been determined with
an error no greater than one percent as certified by the supplier.
1.4.3 Propane gas supply. For an unvented gas heater utilizing
propane, maintain the gas supply to the heater with a normal inlet test
pressure immediately ahead of all controls at 11 to 13 inches of water
column. The regulator outlet pressure at normal supply test pressure
shall be that recommended by the manufacturer. The propane supplied
should have a higher heating value of within 5 percent of
2,500 Btu's per standard cubic foot. Determine the higher heating value
in Btu's per standard foot, for the propane to be used in the test, with
an error no greater than one percent. Alternatively, the test can be
conducted using ``bottled'' propane of a higher heating value within
5 percent of 2,500 Btu's per standard cubic foot as long as
the actual higher heating value of the bottled propane has been
determined with an error no greater than one percent as certified by the
supplier.
1.4.4 Oil supply. For an unvented oil heater utilizing kerosene,
determine the higher heating value in Btu's per gallon with an error no
greater than one percent. Alternatively, the test can be conducted using
a tested fuel of a higher heating value within 5 percent of
137,400 Btu's per gallon as long as the actual higher heating value of
the tested fuel has been determined with an error no greater than one
percent as certified by the supplier.
1.5 Energy flow instrumentation. Install one or more energy flow
instruments which measure, as appropriate and with an error no greater
than one percent, the quantity of electrical energy, natural gas,
propane gas, or oil supplied to the heater.
2. Testing and measurements.
2.1 Electric power measurement. Establish the test conditions set
forth in section 1 of this appendix. Allow an electric heater to warm up
for at least five minutes before recording the maximum electric power
measurement from the wattmeter. Record the maximum electric power
(PE) expressed in kilowatts.
Allow the auxiliary electrical system of a forced air unvented gas,
propane, or oil heater to operate for at least five minutes before
recording the maximum auxiliary electric power measurement from the
wattmeter. Record the maximum auxiliary electric power (PA)
expressed in kilowatts.
2.2 Natural gas, propane, and oil measurement. Establish the test
conditions as set forth in section 1 of this appendix. A natural gas,
propane, or oil heater shall be operated for one hour. Using either the
nameplate rating or the energy flow instrumentation set forth in section
1.5 of this appendix and the fuel supply rating set forth in sections
1.4.2, 1.4.3, or 1.4.4 of this appendix, as appropriate, determine the
maximum fuel input (PF) of the heater under test in Btu's per
hour. The energy flow instrumentation shall measure the maximum fuel
input with an error no greater than one percent.
3. Calculations.
3.1 Annual energy consumption for primary electric heaters. For
primary electric heaters, calculate the annual energy consumption
(EE) expressed in kilowatt-hours per year and defined as:
EE=2080(0.77)DHR
where:
2080=national average annual heating load hours
0.77=adjustment factor
DHR=design heating requirement and is equal to PE /1.2 in
kilowatts.
PE=as defined in 2.1 of this appendix
1.2=typical oversizing factor for primary electric heaters
3.2 Annual energy consumption for primary electric heaters by
geographic region of the United States. For primary electric heaters,
calculate the annual energy consumption by geographic region of the
United States (ER) expressed in kilowatt-hours per year and
defined as:
ER=HLH(0.77) (DHR)
where:
HLH=heating load hours for a specific region determined from Figure 1 of
this appendix in hours
0.77=as defined in 3.1 of this appendix
DHR=as defined in 3.1 of this appendix
3.3 Rated output for electric heaters. Calculate the rated output
(Qout) for electric heaters, expressed in Btu's per hour, and
defined as:
Qout=PE (3,412 Btu/kWh)
where:
PE=as defined in 2.1 of this appendix
3.4 Rated output for unvented heaters using either natural gas,
propane, or oil. For unvented heaters using either natural gas, propane,
or oil equipped without auxiliary electrical systems, the rated output
(Qout), expressed in Btu's per hour, is equal to
PF, as determined in section 2.2 of this appendix.
For unvented heaters using either natural gas, propane, or oil
equipped with auxiliary electrical systems, calculate the rated output
(Qout), expressed in Btu's per hour, and defined as:
Qout=PF+PA (3,412 Btu/kWh)
[[Page 164]]
where:
PF=as defined in 2.2 of this appendix in Btu/hr
PA=as defined in 2.1 of this appendix in Btu/hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC04OC91.002
(Energy Policy and Conservation Act, Pub. L. 94-163, as amended by Pub.
L. 94-385; Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93-275, as
amended by Pub. L. 94-385; Department of Energy Organization Act, Pub.
L. 95-91; E.O. 11790, 39 FR 23185)
[43 FR 20132, May 10, 1978. Redesignated and amended at 44 FR 37938,
June 29, 1979; 49 FR 12157, Mar. 28, 1984]
Appendix H to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Television Sets
1. definitions
1.1 ``IRE-unit flat field'' means a specific video electrical
signal which results in a particular level of brightness of the
television screen as established by the Institute of Radio Engineers.
1.2 ``Filament keep-warm'' means a feature that provides a voltage
to keep vacuum tube and/or picture tube filaments warm for the purpose
of allowing almost instantaneous response to the power control swtich.
1.3 ``Operating time'' (to) means the hours per year
during which the television set is operating with power control turned
on.
1.4 ``Remote control'' means an optional feature which allows the
user to control the
[[Page 165]]
television set from more than one location by a hand held device.
1.5 ``Standby power consumption'' (Ps) means the minimum
amount of energy consumed with the power control switch turned off.
1.6 ``Standby time'' (ts) means the hours per year
during which the television set is connected to a power outlet with the
power control switch turned off.
1.7 ``Vacation switch or master on-off switch'' means an optional
energy saving feature incorporated into the design of a television set
that permits the user to disconnect the filament keep-warm circuit(s).
1.8 ``Remote control defeat switch'' means a switch which permits
the user to disconnect all standby power to a television set.
2. testing conditions and measurements
2.1 Test equipment and test signals. The following equipment and
test signals shall be used for testing of television sets.
2.1.1 Regulated power source capable of supplying 120 volts
(plus-minus1.2 volts) alternating current.
2.1.2 Signal generator capable of producing radio frequency (RF)
television test signals, at a convenient very high frequency (VHF)
channel, modulated with, National Television System Committee composite
video as follows:
2.1.2.1 Standard White Pattern, RF signal modulated to 87 percent
with a 100 IRE-unit flat field.
2.1.2.2 Standard Black Pattern, all adjustments as for 2.1.2.1
except modulated with a zero IRE-unit flat field.
2.1.2.3 The test signals in 2.1.2.1 and 2.1.2.2, supplied by a
source whose impedance equals the design antenna impedance of the
television set under test, shall be adjusted to a level of 70 decibels
(dB) plus-minus3dB, referred to a zero dB level of one
femtowatt (1 x 10-15 watt) available power. (For a 300 ohm
source, 70 dB referred to one femtowatt corresponds to an open-circuit
voltage of 3.5 millivolts. For the calculation of ``available power''
use American National Standard C.16.13-1961, Method of Testing
Monochrome Television Broadcast Receivers.)
2.1.3 Wattmeter capable of measuring the average power consumption
of the television set under test. The wattmeter shall be accurate to
within 1 percent of the full scale value. All measurements shall be made
on the upper half of the scale of the wattmeter.
2.2 Initial set-up of television set.
2.2.1 Remove all batteries from television sets designed for both
battery and alternating current operation. Deactivate all present or
automatic controls affecting brightness which are customer options.
Adjust all non-customer controls according to the manufacturer's service
procedure.
2.2.2 Apply power to the television set under test from the power
source specified in 2.1.1 through the wattmeter specified in 2.1.3.
Adjust the volume control to the lowest possible setting.
2.2.3 Connect the output of the signal generator as specified in
2.1.2 to the VHF antenna terminals of the television set. Tune the
television set to the channel of the RF signal.
2.3 Measurement of operating power consumption (Po)
2.3.1 Turn on the television set and allow at least five minutes
warm-up time. With the synchronization controls adjusted for a stable
test pattern, apply the standard white pattern specified in 2.1.2.1 to
the television set. Adjust any customer controls other than the volume
or synchronization controls for maximum power consumption as indicated
by the wattmeter specified in 2.1.3. Illuminate any room illuminance
sensor which has not been deactivated, to produce maximum power
consumption. Record the white pattern consumption (Pw) as
indicated by the wattmeter in watts.
2.3.2 Change the signal source to the standard black pattern
specified in 2.1.2.2. Adjust any customer controls, other than the
volume or synchronization controls, for the minimum power consumption as
indicated by the wattmeter. Cover any room illuminance sensor which has
not been deactivated. Record the black pattern power consumption
(Pb) as indicated by the wattmeter in watts.
2.3.3 Compute the operating power consumption (po) as
follows:
Po=(Pw+Pb/2)
where
Po=operating power consumption in watts
Pw=as determined from 2.3.1
Pb=as determined from 2.3.2
2.2 Measurements of standby power consumption (Ps)
2.4.1 For television sets without either a vacation switch or a
remote control defeat switch, turn the power switch off and after two
minutes measure the standby power consumption (P).
2.4.2 For a television set equipped with a remote control defeat
switch, a vacation switch or both, turn the power switch, any vacation
switch, and any remote er consumptions, (Pmax).The standby
power is then calculated from the equation:
Ps=[(Pmax-Pmin)/2]+Pmin
where
Ps=standby power consumption in watts
Pmax=power consumption, in watts, measured with the
television set power switch off and the vacation switch and remote
control defeat switch in the highest energy consuming position.
Pmin=power consumption, in watts, measured with the
television set power switch off and the vacation switch and
[[Page 166]]
remote control defeat switch in the lowest energy consuming position.
3.0 Average Annual Energy Consumption
E=(Poto/1,000)+(Psts/
1,000)=2.2Po+6.56Ps
where
E=total average energy consumed by the television set (kilowatt-hour per
year)
Po=operating power consumption as computed in 2.3.3
to=operating time, 2,200 h/yr
Ps=standby power consumption computed in 2.4
ts=standby time, 6,560 h/yr
[42 FR 46154, Sept. 14, 1977. Redesignated and amended at 44 FR 37938,
June 29, 1979]
Appendix I to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Conventional Ranges, Conventional Cooking
Tops, Conventional Ovens, and Microwave Ovens
1. Definitions
1.1 Built-in means the product is supported by surrounding
cabinetry, walls, or other similar structures.
1.2 Drop-in means the product is supported by horizontal surface
cabinetry.
1.3 Forced convection means a mode of conventional oven operation
in which a fan is used to circulate the heated air within the oven
compartment during cooking.
1.4 Freestanding means the product is not supported by surrounding
cabinetry, walls, or other similar structures.
1.5 IEC 705 refers to the test standard published by the
International Electrotechnical Commission, entitled ``Method for
Measuring the Performance of Microwave Ovens for Household and Similar
Purposes,'' Publication 705-1988 and Amendment 2--1993. (See 10 CFR
430.22)
1.6 Normal nonoperating temperature means the temperature of all
areas of an appliance to be tested are within 5 deg.F (2.8 deg.C) of
the temperature that the identical areas of the same basic model of the
appliance would attain if it remained in the test room for 24 hours
while not operating with all oven doors closed and with any gas pilot
lights on and adjusted in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
1.7 Primary energy consumption means either the electrical energy
consumption of a conventional electric oven or the gas energy
consumption of a conventional gas oven.
1.8 Secondary energy consumption means any electrical energy
consumption, other than clock energy consumption, of a conventional gas
oven.
1.9 Standard cubic foot (L) of gas means that quantity of gas that
occupies 1 cubic foot (L) when saturated with water vapor at a
temperature of 60 deg.F (15.6 deg.C) and a pressure of 30 inches of
mercury (101.6 kPa) (density of mercury equals 13.595 grams per cubic
centimeter).
1.10 Thermocouple means a device consisting of two dissimilar
metals which are joined together and, with their associated wires, are
used to measure temperature by means of electromotive force.
1.11 Symbol Usage. The following identity relationships are
provided to help clarify the symbology used throughout this procedure.
A--Number of Hours in a Year
B--Number of Hours Pilot Light Contributes to Cooking
C--Specific Heat
E--Energy Consumed
Eff--Cooking Efficiency
H--Heating Value of Gas
K--Conversion for Watt-hours to Kilowatt hours
Ke--3.412 Btu/Wh, Conversion for Watt-hours to Btu's
M--Mass
n--Number of Units
O--Annual Useful Cooking Energy Output
P--Power
Q--Gas Flow Rate
R--Energy Factor, Ratio of useful Cooking Energy Output to Total Energy
Input
S--Number of Self Cleaning Operations per Year
T--Temperature
t--Time
V--Volume of Gas Consumed
W--Weight of Test Block
2. Test Conditions
2.1 Installation. A free standing kitchen range shall be installed
with the back directly against, or as near as possible to, a vertical
wall which extends at least 1 foot above and on either side of the
appliance. There shall be no side walls. A drop-in, built-in or wall-
mounted appliance shall be installed in an enclosure in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions. These appliances are to be completely
assembled with all handles, knobs, guards and the like mounted in place.
Any electric resistance heaters, gas burners, baking racks, and baffles
shall be in place in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;
however, broiler pans are to be removed from the oven's baking
compartment. Disconnect any electrical clock which uses energy
continuously, except for those that are an integral part of the timing
or temperature controlling circuit of the oven, cooktop, or microwave
oven. Do not disconnect or modify the circuit to any other electrical
devices or features.
2.1.1 Conventional electric ranges, ovens, and cooking tops. These
products shall be connected to an electrical supply circuit with
[[Page 167]]
voltage as specified in Section 2.2.1 with a watt-hour meter installed
in the circuit. The watt-hour meter shall be as described in Section
2.9.1.1.
2.1.2 Conventional gas ranges, ovens, and cooking tops. These
products shall be connected to a gas supply line with a gas meter
installed between the supply line and the appliance being tested,
according to manufacturer's specifications. The gas meter shall be as
described in Section 2.9.2. Conventional gas ranges, ovens and cooking
tops with electrical ignition devices or other electrical components
shall be connected to an electrical supply circuit of nameplate voltage
with a watt-hour meter installed in the circuit. The watt-hour meter
shall be as described in Section 2.9.1.1.
2.1.3 Microwave ovens. Install the microwave oven in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions and connect to an electrical supply
circuit with voltage as specified in Section 2.2.1. A watt-hour meter
and watt meter shall be installed in the circuit and shall be as
described in Section 2.9.1.1 and 2.9.1.2. If trial runs are needed to
set the ``on'' time for the test, the test measurements are to be
separated according to Section 4, Paragraph 12.6 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
(See 10 CFR 430.22)
2.2 Energy supply.
2.2.1 Electrical supply. Maintain the electrical supply to the
conventional range, conventional cooking top, and conventional oven
being tested at 240/120 volts except that basic models rated only at
208/120 volts shall be tested at that rating. Maintain the voltage
within 2 percent of the above specified voltages. For the microwave oven
testing, however, maintain the electrical supply to a microwave oven at
120 volts 1 volt and at 60 hertz.
2.2.2 Gas supply.
2.2.2.1 Gas burner adjustments. Conventional gas ranges, ovens, and
cooking tops shall be tested with all of the gas burners adjusted in
accordance with the installation or operation instructions provided by
the manufacturer. In every case, the burner must be adjusted with
sufficient air flow to prevent a yellow flame or a flame with yellow
tips.
2.2.2.2 Natural gas. For testing convertible cooking appliances or
appliances which are designed to operate using only natural gas,
maintain the natural gas pressure immediately ahead of all controls of
the unit under test at 7 to 10 inches of water column (1743.6 to 2490.8
Pa). The regulator outlet pressure shall equal the manufacturer's
recommendation. The natural gas supplied should have a heating value of
approximately 1,025 Btu's per standard cubic foot (38.2 kJ/L). The
actual gross heating value, Hn, in Btu's per standard cubic
foot (kJ/L), for the natural gas to be used in the test shall be
obtained either from measurements made by the manufacturer conducting
the test using equipment that meets the requirements described in
Section 2.9.4 or by the use of bottled natural gas whose gross heating
value is certified to be at least as accurate a value that meets the
requirements in Section 2.9.4.
2.2.2.3 Propane. For testing convertible cooking appliances with
propane or for testing appliances which are designed to operate using
only LP-gas, maintain the propane pressure immediately ahead of all
controls of the unit under test at 11 to 13 inches of water column (2740
to 3238 Pa). The regulator outlet pressure shall equal the
manufacturer's recommendation. The propane supplied should have a
heating value of approximately 2,500 Btu's per standard cubic foot (93.2
kJ/L). The actual gross heating value, Hp, in Btu's per
standard cubic foot (kJ/L), for the propane to be used in the test shall
be obtained either from measurements made by the manufacturer conducting
the test using equipment that meets the requirements described in
Section 2.9.4 or by the use of bottled propane whose gross heating value
is certified to be at least as accurate a value that meets the
requirements described in Section 2.9.4.
2.2.2.4 Test gas. A basic model of a convertible cooking appliance
shall be tested with natural gas, but may also be tested with propane.
Any basic model of a conventional range, conventional cooking top, or
conventional oven which is designed to operate using only natural gas as
the energy source must be tested with natural gas. Any basic model of a
conventional range, conventional cooking top, or conventional oven which
is designed to operate using only LP gas as the gas energy source must
be tested with propane gas.
2.3 Air circulation. Maintain air circulation in the room
sufficient to secure a reasonably uniform temperature distribution, but
do not cause a direct draft on the unit under test.
2.4 Setting the conventional oven thermostat.
2.4.1 Conventional electric oven. Install a thermocouple
approximately in the center of the usable baking space. Provide a
temperature indicator system for measuring the oven's temperature with
an accuracy as indicated in Section 2.9.3.2. If the oven thermostat does
not cycle on and off, adjust or determine the conventional electric oven
thermostat setting to provide an average internal temperature which is
325 deg.5 deg.F (180.6 deg. 2.8 deg.C) higher
than the room ambient air temperature. If the oven thermostat operates
by cycling on and off, adjust or determine the conventional electric
oven thermostat setting to provide an average internal temperature which
is 325 deg. 5 deg.F (180.6 deg.2.8 deg.C)
higher than the room ambient air temperature. This shall be done by
measuring the maximum and minimum temperatures in any three consecutive
cut-off/cut-on actions of
[[Page 168]]
the electric resistance heaters, excluding the initial cut-off/cut-on
action, by the thermostat after the temperature rise of
325 deg.5 deg.F (180.6 deg. 2.8 deg.C) has
been attained by the conventional electric oven. Remove the thermocouple
after the thermostat has been set.
2.4.2 Conventional gas oven. Install five parallel-connected
weighted thermocouples, one located at the center of the conventional
gas oven's usable baking space and the other four equally spaced between
the center and the corners of the conventional gas oven on the diagonals
of a horizontal plane through the center of the conventional gas oven.
Each weighted thermocouple shall be constructed of a copper disc that is
1-inch (25.4 mm) in diameter and \1/8\-inch (3.2 mm) thick. The two
thermocouple wires shall be located in two holes in the disc spaced \1/
2\-inch (12.7 mm) apart, with each hole being located \1/4\-inch (6.4
mm) from the center of the disc. Both thermocouple wires shall be
silver-soldered to the copper disc. Provide a temperature indicator
system for measuring the oven's temperature with an accuracy as
indicated in Section 2.9.3.2. If the oven thermostat does not cycle on
or off, adjust or determine the conventional gas oven thermostat setting
to provide an average internal temperature which is 325
deg.5 deg.F (180.6 deg.2.8 deg.C) higher than
the room ambient air temperature. If the oven thermostat operates by
cycling on and off, adjust or determine the conventional gas oven
thermostat setting to provide an average internal temperature which is
325 deg.5 deg.F (180.62.8 deg.C) higher than
the room ambient air temperature. This shall be done by measuring the
maximum and minimum temperatures in any three consecutive cut-off/cut-on
actions of the gas burners, excluding the initial cut-off/cut-on action,
by the thermostat after the temperature rise of 325 deg.5
deg.F (180.6 deg.2.8 deg.C) has been attained by the
conventional gas oven. Remove the thermocouples after the thermostat has
been set.
2.5 Ambient room air temperature. During the test, maintain an
ambient room air temperature, TR, of 77 deg.9
deg.F (25 deg.5 deg.C) for conventional ovens and cooking
tops, or as indicated in Section 4, Paragraph 12.4 of IEC 705 Amendment
2 for microwave ovens, as measured at least 5 feet (1.5 m) and not more
than 8 feet (2.4 m) from the nearest surface of the unit under test and
approximately 3 feet (0.9 m) above the floor. The temperature shall be
measured with a thermometer or temperature indicating system with an
accuracy as specified in Section 2.9.3.1.
2.6 Normal nonoperating temperature. All areas of the appliance to
be tested shall attain the normal nonoperating temperature, as defined
in Section 1.6, before any testing begins. The equipment for measuring
the applicable normal nonoperating temperature shall be as described in
Sections 2.9.3.1, 2.9.3.2, 2.9.3.3, 2.9.3.4, and 2.9.3.5, as applicable.
2.7 Test blocks for conventional oven and cooking top. The test
blocks shall be made of aluminum alloy No. 6061, with a specific heat of
0.23 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.96 kJ/[kg deg.C]) and with any temper
that will give a czoefficient of thermal conductivity of 1073.3 to
1189.1 Btu-in/h-ft2- deg.F (154.8 to 171.5 W/[m
deg.C]). Each block shall have a hole at its top. The hole shall be 0.08
inch (2.03 mm) in diameter and 0.80 inch (20.3 mm) deep. The
manufacturer conducting the test may provide other means which will
ensure that the thermocouple junction is installed at this same position
and depth.
The bottom of each block shall be flat to within 0.002 inch (0.051
mm) TIR (total indicator reading). Determine the actual weight of each
test block with a scale with an accuracy as indicated in Section 2.9.5.
2.7.1 Conventional oven test block. The test block for the
conventional oven, W1, shall be 6.250.05 inches
(158.81.3 mm) in diameter, approximately 2.8 inches (71 mm)
high and shall weigh 8.50.1 lbs (3.860.05 kg).
The block shall be finished with an anodic black coating which has a
minimum thickness of 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) or with a finish having the
equivalent absorptivity.
2.7.2 Small test block for conventional cooking top. The small test
block, W2, shall be 6.250.05 inches
(158.81.3 mm) in diameter, approximately 2.8 inches (71 mm)
high and shall weigh 8.50.1 lbs (3.860.05 kg).
2.7.3 Large test block for conventional cooking top. The large test
block for the conventional cooking top, W3, shall be
90.05 inches (228.61.3 mm) in diameter,
approximately 3.0 inches (76 mm) high and shall weigh 190.1
lbs (8.620.05 kg).
2.7.4 Thermocouple installation. Install the thermocouple such that
the thermocouple junction (where the thermocouple contacts the test
block) is at the bottom of the hole provided in the test block and that
the thermocouple junction makes good thermal contact with the aluminum
block. If the test blocks are to be water cooled between tests the
thermocouple hole should be sealed, or other steps taken, to insure that
the thermocouple hole is completely dry at the start of the next test.
Provide a temperature indicator system for measuring the test block
temperature with an accuracy as indicated in Section 2.9.3.3.
2.7.5 Initial test block temperature. Maintain the initial
temperature of the test blocks, TI, within 4
deg.F (2.2 deg.C) of the ambient room air temperature as
specified in Section 2.5. If the test block has been cooled (or heated)
to bring it to room temperature, allow the block to stabilize for at
least 2 minutes after removal from the cooling (or heating) source,
before measuring its initial temperature.
2.8 Microwave oven test load.
[[Page 169]]
2.8.1 Test container. The test container shall be as specified in
Section 4, Paragraph 12.2 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
2.8.2 Test water load. The test water load shall be as specified in
Section 4, Paragraph 12.1 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
2.8.2.1 Test water load and test container temperature. Before the
start of the test, the oven and the test container shall be at ambient
temperature as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 12.4 of IEC 705
Amendment 2. The test water load shall be contained in a chiller (not
the test container) and maintained at 18 deg. 1.8 deg.F
(10 deg. 1 deg.C) below the ambient room temperature.
2.9 Instrumentation. Perform all test measurements using the
following instruments, as appropriate:
2.9.1 Electrical Measurements.
2.9.1.1 Watt-hour meter. The watt-hour meter for measuring the
electrical energy consumption of conventional ovens and cooking tops
shall have a resolution of 1 watt-hour (3.6 kJ) or less and a maximum
error no greater than 1.5 percent of the measured value for any demand
greater than 100 watts. The watt-hour meter for measuring the energy
consumption of microwave ovens shall have a resolution of 0.1 watt-hour
(0.36 kJ) or less and a maximum error no greater than 1.5 percent of the
measured value.
2.9.1.2 Watt meter. The watt meter used to measure the conventional
oven, conventional range, range clock power or the power input of the
microwave oven shall have a resolution of 0.2 watt (0.2 J/s) or less and
a maximum error no greater than 5 percent of the measured value.
2.9.2 Gas Measurements.
2.9.2.1 Positive displacement meters. The gas meter to be used for
measuring the gas consumed by the gas burners of the oven or cooking top
shall have a resolution of 0.01 cubic foot
(0.28 L) or less and a maximum error no greater than 1 percent of the
measured value for any demand greater than 2.2 cubic feet per hour (62.3
L/h). If a positive displacement gas meter is used for measuring the gas
consumed by the pilot lights, it shall have a resolution of at least
0.01 cubic foot (0.28 L) or less and have a maximum error no greater
than 2 percent of the measured value.
2.9.2.2 Flow meter. If a gas flow meter is used for measuring the
gas consumed by the pilot lights, it shall be calibrated to have a
maximum error no greater than 1.5 percent of the measured value and a
resolution of 1 percent or less of the measured value.
2.9.3 Temperature measurement equipment.
2.9.3.1 Room temperature indicating system. The room temperature
indicating system shall be as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 12.3 of
IEC 705 Amendment 2 for microwave ovens and Section 2.9.3.5 for ranges,
ovens and cooktops.
2.9.3.2 Temperature indicator system for measuring conventional
oven temperature. The equipment for measuring the conventional oven
temperature shall have an error no greater than 4 deg.F
(2.2 deg.C) over the range of 65 deg. to 500 deg.F (18
deg.C to 260 deg.C).
2.9.3.3 Temperature indicator system for measuring test block
temperature. The system shall have an error no greater than
2 deg.F (1.1 deg.C) when measuring specific
temperatures over the range of 65 deg. to 330 deg.F (18.3 deg.C to
165.6 deg.C). It shall also have an error no greater than 2
deg.F (1.1 deg.C) when measuring any temperature
difference up to 240 deg.F (133.3 deg.C) within the above range.
2.9.3.4 Test load temperatures. The thermometer or other
temperature measuring instrument used to measure the test water load
temperature shall be as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 12.3 of IEC
705 Amendment 2. Use only one thermometer or other temperature measuring
device throughout the entire test procedure.
2.9.3.5 Temperature indicator system for measuring surface
temperatures. The temperature of any surface of an appliance shall be
measured by means of a thermocouple in firm contact with the surface.
The temperature indicating system shall have an error no greater than
1 deg.F (0.6 deg.C) over the range 65 deg. to
90 deg.F (18 deg.C to 32 deg.C).
2.9.4 Heating Value. The heating value of the natural gas or
propane shall be measured with an instrument and associated readout
device that has a maximum error no greater than 0.5% of the
measured value and a resolution of 0.2% or less of the full
scale reading of the indicator instrument. The heating value of natural
gas or propane must be corrected for local temperature and pressure
conditions.
2.9.5 Scale. The scale used for weighing the test blocks shall have
a maximum error no greater than 1 ounce (28.4 g). The scale used for
weighing the microwave oven test water load shall be as specified in
Section 4, paragraph 12.3 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
3. Test Methods and Measurements
3.1 Test methods.
3.1.1 Conventional oven. Perform a test by establishing the testing
conditions set forth in Section 2, ``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this
Appendix, and adjust any pilot lights of a conventional gas oven in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and turn off the gas
flow to the conventional cooking top, if so equipped. Before beginning
the test, the conventional oven shall be at its normal nonoperating
temperature as defined in Section 1.6 and described in Section 2.6. Set
the conventional oven test block W1 approximately in the
center of the usable baking space. If there is a selector switch for
selecting the mode of operation of the oven, set it for normal baking.
If an oven permits baking by either forced convection by using a fan, or
[[Page 170]]
without forced convection, the oven is to be tested in each of those two
modes. The oven shall remain on for at least one complete thermostat
``cut-off/cut-on'' of the electrical resistance heaters or gas burners
after the test block temperature has increased 234 deg.F (130 deg.C)
above its initial temperature.
3.1.1.1 Self-cleaning operation of a conventional oven. Establish
the test conditions set forth in Section 2, ``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this
Appendix. Adjust any pilot lights of a conventional gas oven in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and turn off the gas
flow to the conventional cooking top. The temperature of the
conventional oven shall be its normal nonoperating temperature as
defined in Section 1.6 and described in Section 2.6. Then set the
conventional oven's self-cleaning process in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. If the self-cleaning process is adjustable,
use the average time recommended by the manufacturer for a moderately
soiled oven.
3.1.1.2 Continuously burning pilot lights of a conventional gas
oven. Establish the test conditions set forth in Section 2, ``TEST
CONDITIONS,'' of this Appendix. Adjust any pilot lights of a
conventional gas oven in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
and turn off the gas flow to the conventional cooking top. If a positive
displacement gas meter is used the, test duration shall be sufficient to
measure a gas consumption which is at least 200 times the resolution of
the gas meter.
3.1.2 Conventional cooking top. Establish the test conditions set
forth in Section 2, ``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this Appendix. Adjust any
pilot lights of a conventional gas cooking top in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions and turn off the gas flow to the
conventional oven(s), if so equipped. The temperature of the
conventional cooking top shall be its normal nonoperating temperature as
defined in Section 1.6 and described in Section 2.6. Set the test block
in the center of the surface unit under test. The small test block,
W2, shall be used on electric surface units of 7 inches (178
mm) or less in diameter. The large test block, W3, shall be
used on electric surface units over 7 inches (177.8 mm) in diameter and
on all gas surface units. Turn on the surface unit under test and set
its energy input rate to the maximum setting. When the test block
reaches 144 deg.F (80 deg.C) above its initial test block temperature,
immediately reduce the energy input rate to 255 percent of
the maximum energy input rate. After 150.1 minutes at the
reduced energy setting, turn off the surface unit under test.
3.1.2.1 Continuously burning pilot lights of a conventional gas
cooking top. Establish the test conditions set forth in Section 2,
``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this Appendix. Adjust any pilot lights of a
conventional gas cooking top in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and turn off the gas flow to the conventional oven(s). If a
positive displacement gas meter is used, the test duration shall be
sufficient to measure a gas consumption which is at least 200 times the
resolution of the gas meter.
3.1.3 Microwave oven.
3.1.3.1 Microwave oven test energy or power output. Establish the
testing conditions set forth in Section 2, ``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this
Appendix. Follow the test procedure as specified in Section 4, Paragraph
12.4 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
3.2 Test measurements.
3.2.1 Conventional oven test energy consumption. If the oven
thermostat controls the oven temperature without cycling on and off,
measure the energy consumed, EO, when the temperature of the
block reaches TO (TO is 234 deg.F (130 deg.C)
above the initial block temperature, TI). If the oven
thermostat operates by cycling on and off, make the following series of
measurements: Measure the block temperature, TA, and the
energy consumed, EA, or volume of gas consumed,
VA, at the end of the last ``ON'' period of the conventional
oven before the block reaches TO. Measure the block
temperature, TB, and the energy consumed, EB, or
volume of gas consumed, VB, at the beginning of the next
``ON'' period. Measure the block temperature, TC, and the
energy consumed, EC, or volume of gas consumed,
VC, at the end of that ``ON'' period. Measure the block
temperature, TD, and the energy consumed, ED, or
volume of gas consumed, VD, at the beginning of the following
``ON'' period. Energy measurements for EO, EA,
EB, EC and ED, should be expressed in
watt-hours (kJ) for conventional electric ovens and volume measurements
for VA, VB, VC and VD should
be expressed in standard cubic feet (L) of gas for conventional gas
ovens. For a gas oven, measure in watt-hours (kJ) any electrical energy,
EIO, consumed by an ignition device or other electrical
components required for the operation of a conventional gas oven while
heating the test block to TO. The energy consumed by a
continuously operating clock that is an integral part of the timing or
temperature control circuit and cannot be disconnected during the test
may be subtracted from the oven test energy to obtain the test energy
consumption, EO or EIO.
3.2.1.1 Conventional oven average test energy consumption. If the
conventional oven permits baking by either forced convection or without
forced convection and the oven thermostat does not cycle on and off,
measure the energy consumed with the forced convection mode,
(EO)1, and without the forced convection mode,
(EO)2, when the temperature of the block reaches
TO (TO is 234 deg.F (130 deg.C) above the
initial block temperature, TI). If the conventional oven
permits baking by either forced convection or without forced convection
and the oven thermostat operates
[[Page 171]]
by cycling on and off, make the following series of measurements with
and without the forced convection mode: Measure the block temperature,
TA, and the energy consumed, EA, or volume of gas
consumed, VA, at the end of the last ``ON'' period of the
conventional oven before the block reaches TO. Measure the
block temperature, TB, and the energy consumed,
EB, or volume of gas consumed, VB, at the
beginning of the next ``ON'' period. Measure the block temperature,
TC, and the energy consumed, EC, or volume of gas
consumed, VC, at the end of that ``ON'' period. Measure the
block temperature, TD, and the energy consumed,
ED, or volume of gas consumed, VD, at the
beginning of the following ``ON'' period. Energy measurements for
EO, EA, EB, EC and
ED should be expressed in watt-hours (kJ) for conventional
electric ovens and volume measurements for VA, VB,
VC and VD should be expressed in standard cubic
feet (L) of gas for conventional gas ovens. For a gas oven that can be
operated with or without forced convection, measure in watt-hours (kJ)
any electrical energy consumed by an ignition device or other electrical
components required for the operation of a conventional gas oven while
heating the test block to TO using the forced convection
mode, (EIO)1, and without using the forced
convection mode, (EIO)2. The energy consumed by a
continuously operating clock that is an integral part of the timing or
temperature control circuit and cannot be disconnected during the test
may be subtracted from the oven test energy to obtain the test energy
consumption, (EO)1 and (EO)2
or (EIO)1 and (EIO)2.
3.2.1.2 Energy consumption of self-cleaning operation. Measure the
energy consumption, ES, in watt-hours (kJ) of electricity or
the volume of gas consumption, VS, in standard cubic feet (L)
during the self-cleaning test set forth in Section 3.1.1.1. For a gas
oven, also measure in watt-hours (kJ) any electrical energy,
EIS, consumed by ignition devices or other electrical
components required during the self-cleaning test. The energy consumed
by a continuously operating clock that is an integral part of the timing
or temperature control circuit and cannot be disconnected during the
test may be subtracted from the self-cleaning test energy to obtain the
energy consumption, ES or EIS
3.2.1.3 Gas consumption of continuously burning pilot lights.
Measure the gas consumption of the pilot lights, VOP, in
standard cubic feet (L) of gas and the test duration, tOP, in
hours for the test set forth in Section 3.1.1.2. If a gas flow rate
meter is used, measure the flow rate, QOP, in standard cubic
feet per hour (L/h).
3.2.1.4 Clock power. If the conventional oven or conventional range
includes an electric clock which is on continuously, and the power
rating in watts (J/s) of this feature is not known, measure the clock
power, PCL, in watts (J/s.) The power rating or measurement
of continuously operating clocks, that are an integral part of the
timing or temperature control circuits and cannot be disconnected during
testing, shall be multiplied by the applicable test period to calculate
the clock energy consumption, in watt-hours (kJ), during a test. The
energy consumed by the clock during the test may then be subtracted from
the test energy to obtain the specified test energy consumption value.
3.2.2 Conventional surface unit test energy consumption. For the
surface unit under test, measure the energy consumption, ECT,
in watt-hours (kJ) of electricity or the volume of gas consumption,
VCT, in standard cubic feet (L) of gas and the test block
temperature, TCT, at the end of the 15 minute (reduced input
setting) test interval for the test specified in Section 3.1.2 and the
total time, tCT, in hours, that the unit is under test.
Measure any electrical energy, EIC, consumed by an ignition
device of a gas heating element in watt-hours (kJ). The energy consumed
by a continuously operating clock that is an integral part of the timing
or temperature control circuit and cannot be disconnected during the
test may be subtracted from the cooktop test energy to obtain the test
energy consumption, ECT or EIC.
3.2.2.1 Gas consumption of continuously burning pilot lights. If
the conventional gas cooking top under test has one or more continuously
burning pilot lights, measure the gas consumed during the test by the
pilot lights, VCP, in standard cubic feet (L) of gas, and the
test duration, tCP, in hours as specified in Section 3.1.2.1.
If a gas flow rate meter is used, measure the flow rate, QCP,
in standard cubic feet per hour (L/h).
3.2.3 Microwave oven test energy consumption and power input.
Measurements are to be made as specified in Section 4, Paragraphs 12.4
and 13 of IEC 705 and Amendment 2. Measure the electrical input energy,
EM, in watt-hours (kJ) consumed by the microwave oven during
the test. Repeat the tests three times unless the power output value
resulting from the second measurement is within 1.5% of the value
obtained from the first measurement as stated in Section 4, Paragraphs
12.6 of IEC 705 Amendment 2. (See 10 CFR 430.22.)
3.3 Recorded values.
3.3.1 Record the test room temperature, TR, at the start
and end of each range, oven or cooktop test, as determined in Section
2.5.
3.3.2 Record measured test block weights W1,
W2, and W3 in pounds (kg).
3.3.3 Record the initial temperature, T1, of the test
block under test.
3.3.4 For a conventional oven with a thermostat which operates by
cycling on and off, record the conventional oven test measurements
TA, EA, TB, EB,
TC, EC, TD, and ED for
conventional electric ovens or TA, VA,
TB, VB, TC, VC,
TD, and VD for conventional gas
[[Page 172]]
ovens. If the thermostat controls the oven temperature without cycling
on and off, record EO. For a gas oven which also uses
electrical energy for the ignition or operation of the oven, also record
EIO.
3.3.5 For a conventional oven that can be operated with or without
forced convection and the oven thermostat controls the oven temperature
without cycling on and off, measure the energy consumed with the forced
convection mode, (EO)1, and without the forced
convection mode, (EO)2. If the conventional oven
operates with or without forced convection and the thermostat controls
the oven temperature by cycling on and off, record the conventional oven
test measurements TA, EA, TB,
EB, TC, EC, TD, and
ED for conventional electric ovens or TA,
VA, TB, VB, TC,
VC, TD, and VD for conventional gas
ovens. For a gas oven that can be operated with or without forced
convection, measure any electrical energy consumed by an ignition device
or other electrical components used during the forced convection mode,
(EIO)1, and without using the forced convection
mode, (EIO)2.
3.3.6 Record the measured energy consumption, ES, or gas
consumption, VS, and for a gas oven, any electrical energy,
EIS, for the test of the self-cleaning operation of a
conventional oven.
3.3.7 Record the gas flow rate, QOP; or the gas
consumption, VOP, and the elapsed time, tOP, that
any continuously burning pilot lights of a conventional oven are under
test.
3.3.8 Record the clock power measurement or rating, PCL,
in watts (J/s), except for microwave oven tests.
3.3.9 For the surface unit under test, record the electric energy
consumption, ECT, or the gas volume consumption,
VCT, the final test block temperature, TCT, the
total test time, tCT. For a gas cooking top which uses
electrical energy for ignition of the burners, also record
EIC.
3.3.10 Record the gas flow rate, QCP; or the gas
consumption, VCP, and the elapsed time, tCP, that
any continuously burning pilot lights of a conventional gas cooking top
are under test.
3.3.11 Record the heating value, Hn, as determined in
Section 2.2.2.2 for the natural gas supply.
3.3.12 Record the heating value, Hp, as determined in
Section 2.2.2.3 for the propane supply.
3.3.13 Record the electrical input energy and power input,
EM and PM, for the microwave oven test; the
initial and final temperature, T1 and T2, of the
test water load; the mass of the test container before filling with the
test water load and the mass of the test water load, MC and
MW respectively; and the measured room temperature,
T0; as determined in Section 3.2.3.
4. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
4.1 Conventional oven.
4.1.1 Test energy consumption. For a conventional oven with a
thermostat which operates by cycling on and off, calculate the test
energy consumption, EO, expressed in watt-hours (kJ) for
electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens, and defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.000
for electric ovens, and,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.001
For gas ovens
Where:
H = either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the
gas used in the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2 and Section
2.2.2.3, expressed in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L).
TO = 234 deg.F (130 deg.C) plus the initial test block
temperature.
and,
[[Page 173]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.002
Where:
TA = block temperature in deg.F ( deg.C) at the end of the
last ``ON'' period of the conventional oven before the test
block reaches TO.
TB = block temperature in deg.F ( deg.C) at the beginning of
the ``ON'' period following the measurement of TA.
TC = block temperature in deg.F ( deg.C) at the end of the
``ON'' period which starts with TB.
TD = block temperature in deg.F ( deg.C) at the beginning of
the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement of
TC.
EA = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the end of the
last ``ON'' period before the test block reaches
TO.
EB = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the beginning of
the ``ON'' period following the measurement of TA.
EC = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the end of the
``ON'' period which starts with TB.
ED = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the beginning of
the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement of
TC.
VA = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at the
end of the last ``ON'' period before the test block reaches
TO.
VB = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at the
beginning of the ``ON'' period following the measurement of
TA.
VC = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at the
end of the ``ON'' period which starts with TB.
VD = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at the
beginning of the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement
of TC.
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that cannot be
disconnected during the test may be subtracted from the oven test energy
to obtain the oven test energy consumption, EO.
4.1.1.1 Average test energy consumption. If the conventional oven
can be operated with or without forced convection, determine the average
test energy consumption, EO and EIO, in watt-hours
(kJ) for electric ovens and Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens using the following
equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.003
Where:
(EO)1=test energy consumption using the forced
convection mode in watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and in
Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens as measured in Section 3.2.1.1.
(EO)2=test energy consumption without using the
forced convection mode in watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens
and in Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens as measured in Section
3.2.1.1.
(EIO)1=electrical energy consumption in watt-hours
(kJ) of a gas oven in forced convection mode as measured in
Section 3.2.1.1. (EIO)2=electrical
energy consumption in watt-hours (kJ) of a gas oven without
using the forced convection mode as measured in Section
3.2.1.1.
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that cannot be
disconnected during the test may be subtracted from the oven test energy
to obtain the average test energy consumption EO and
EIO.
4.1.2 Conventional oven annual energy consumption.
4.1.2.1. Annual cooking energy consumption.
4.1.2.1.1. Annual primary energy consumption. Calculate the annual
primary energy consumption for cooking, ECO, expressed in
kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year for electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ) per
year for gas ovens, and defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.004
Where:
E O=test energy consumption as measured in Section 3.2.1 or
as calculated in Section 4.1.1 or Section 4.1.1.1.
K e=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh,) conversion factor of watt-hours
to Btu's.
O O=29.3 kWh (105,480 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output of conventional electric oven.
W 1=measured weight of test block in pounds (kg).
C p=0.23 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.96 kJ/kg deg.C), specific
heat of test block.
T S=234 deg.F (130 deg.C), temperature rise of test block.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.005
Where:
[[Page 174]]
EO=test energy consumption as measured in Section 3.2.1. or
as calculated in Section 4.1.1 or Section 4.1.1.1.
OO=88.8 kBtu (93,684 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output of conventional gas oven.
W1, Cp and TS are the same as defined
above.
4.1.2.1.2 Annual secondary energy consumption for cooking of gas
ovens. Calculate the annual secondary energy consumption for cooking,
ESO, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined
as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.006
Where:
EIO=electrical test energy consumption as measured in Section
3.2.1 or as calculated in Section 4.1.1.1.
OO=29.3 kWh (105,480 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
Ke, W1, Cp, and TS are as
defined in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
4.1.2.2 Annual energy consumption of any continuously burning pilot
lights. Calculate the annual energy consumption of any continuously
burning pilot lights, EPO, expressed in Btu's (kJ) per year
and defined as:
EPO=QOP x H x (A-B),
or,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.007
Where:
QOP=pilot gas flow rate in standard cubic feet per hour (L/
h), as measured in Section 3.2.1.3.
VOP=standard cubic feet (L) of gas consumed by any
continuously burning pilot lights, as measured in Section
3.2.1.3.
tOP=elapsed test time in hours for any continuously burning
pilot lights tested, as measured in Section 3.2.1.3.
H=Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas used in
the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2 and Section 2.2.2.3
in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L).
A=8,760, number of hours in a year.
B=300, number of hours per year any continuously burning pilot lights
contribute to the heating of an oven for cooking food.
4.1.2.3 Annual conventional oven self-cleaning energy.
4.1.2.3.1 Annual primary energy consumption. Calculate the annual
primary energy consumption for conventional oven self-cleaning
operations, ESC, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year
for electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens, and defined as:
ESC=ES x Se x K, for electric ovens,
Where:
ES=energy consumption in watt-hours, as measured in Section
3.2.1.2.
Se=4, average number of times a self-cleaning operation of a
conventional electric oven is used per year.
K=0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
or
ESC=VS x H x Sg, for gas ovens,
Where:
VS=gas consumption in standard cubic feet (L), as measured in
Section 3.2.1.2.
H=Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas used in
the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2 and Section 2.2.2.3
in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L).
Sg=4, average number of times a self-cleaning operation of a
conventional gas oven is used per year.
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that cannot be
disconnected during the self-cleaning test procedure may be subtracted
from the test energy to obtain the test energy consumption,
ESC.
4.1.2.3.2 Annual secondary energy consumption for self-cleaning
operation of gas ovens. Calculate the annual secondary energy
consumption for self-cleaning operations of a gas oven, ESS,
expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
ESS=EIS x Sg x K,
Where:
EIS=electrical energy consumed during the self-cleaning
operation of a conventional gas oven, as measured in Section
3.2.1.2.
Sg=4, average number of times a self-cleaning operation of a
conventional gas oven is used per year.
K=0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
4.1.2.4 Annual clock energy consumption. Calculate the annual
energy consumption of any constantly operating electric clock,
ECL, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined
as:
ECL = PCL x A x K,
Where:
PCL=power rating of clock which is on continuously, in watts,
as measured in Section 3.2.1.4.
A=8,760, number of hours in a year.
K=0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
4.1.2.5 Total annual energy consumption of a single conventional
oven.
4.1.2.5.1 Conventional electric oven energy consumption. Calculate
the total annual energy consumption of a conventional electric oven,
EAO, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined
as:
EAO=ECO+ESC+ECL,
Where:
[[Page 175]]
ECO=annual primary cooking energy consumption as determined
in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
ESC=annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in Section 4.1.2.3.1.
ECL=annual clock energy consumption as determined in Section
4.1.2.4.
4.1.2.5.2 Conventional gas oven energy consumption. Calculate the
total annual gas energy consumption of a conventional gas oven,
EAOG, expressed in Btu's (kJ) per year and defined as:
EAOG=ECO+ESC+EPO,
Where:
ECO=annual primary cooking energy consumption as determined
in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
EPO=annual pilot light energy consumption as determined in
Section 4.1.2.2.
ESC=annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in Section 4.1.2.3.1.
If the conventional gas oven uses electrical energy, calculate the
total annual electrical energy consumption, EAOE, expressed
in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
EAOE=ESO+ESS+ECL,
Where:
ESO=annual secondary cooking energy consumption as determined
in Section 4.1.2.1.2.
ESS=annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in Section 4.1.2.3.2.
ECL=annual clock energy consumption as determined in Section
4.1.2.4.
4.1.2.6. Total annual energy consumption of multiple conventional
ovens. If the cooking appliance includes more than one conventional
oven, calculate the total annual energy consumption of the conventional
ovens using the following equations:
4.1.2.6.1 Conventional electric oven energy consumption. Calculate
the total annual energy consumption, ETO, in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per
year and defined as:
ETO = EACO + EASC + ECL,
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.008
is the average annual primary energy consumption for cooking,
and where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ECO = annual primary energy consumption for cooking as
determined in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.009
average annual self-cleaning energy consumption,
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined according to Section 4.1.2.3.1.
ECL = clock energy consumption as determined according to
Section 4.1.2.4.
4.1.2.6.2 Conventional gas oven energy consumption. Calculate the total
annual gas energy consumption, ETOG, in Btu's (kJ)
per year and defined as:
ETOG = EACO + EASC + ETPO,
Where:
EACO = average annual primary energy consumption for cooking
in Btu's (kJ) per year and is calculated as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.010
Where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ECO = annual primary energy consumption for cooking as
determined in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
and,
EASC = average annual self-cleaning energy consumption in
Btu's (kJ) per year and is calculated as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.011
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined according to Section 4.1.2.3.1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.012
total energy consumption of any pilot lights,
Where:
EPO = annual energy consumption of any continuously burning
pilot lights determined according to Section 4.1.2.2.
n = number of pilot lights in the basic model.
If the oven also uses electrical energy, calculate the total annual
electrical energy consumption, ETOE, in kilowatt-hours (kJ)
per year and defined as:
[[Page 176]]
ETOE = EASO + EAAS + ECL,
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.013
is the average annual secondary energy consumption for cooking,
Where:
n=number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESO=annual secondary energy consumption for cooking of gas
ovens as determined in Section 4.1.2.1.2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.014
is the average annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption,
Where:
n=number of self-cleaning ovens in the basic model.
ESS=annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption of gas
ovens as determined in Section 4.1.2.3.2.
ECL=annual clock energy consumption as determined in Section
4.1.2.4.
4.1.3 Conventional oven cooking efficiency.
4.1.3.1 Single conventional oven. Calculate the conventional oven
cooking efficiency, EffAO, using the following equations:
For electric ovens:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.015
and,
For gas ovens:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.016
Where:
W1=measured weight of test block in pounds (kg).
Cp=0.23 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.96 kJ/kg deg.C), specific
heat of test block.
TS=234 deg.F (130 deg.C), temperature rise of test block.
EO=test energy consumption as measured in Section 3.2.1 or
calculated in Section 4.1.1 or Section 4.1.1.1.
Ke=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion factor for watt-hours
to Btu's.
EIO=electrical test energy consumption according to Section
3.2.1 or as calculated in Section 4.1.1.1.
4.1.3.2 Multiple conventional ovens. If the cooking appliance
includes more than one conventional oven, calculate the cooking
efficiency for all of the conventional ovens in the appliance,
EffTO, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.017
Where:
n=number of conventional ovens in the cooking appliance.
EffAO=cooking efficiency of each oven determined according to
Section 4.1.3.1.
4.1.4 Conventional oven energy factor. Calculate the energy factor,
or the ratio of useful cooking energy output to the total energy input,
RO, using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.018
For electric ovens,
Where:
OO=29.3 kWh (105,480 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EAO=total annual energy consumption for electric ovens as
determined in Section 4.1.2.5.1.
For gas ovens:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.019
Where:
OO=88.8 kBtu (93,684 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EAOG=total annual gas energy consumption for conventional gas
ovens as determined in Section 4.1.2.5.2.
EAOE=total annual electrical energy consumption for
conventional gas ovens as determined in Section 4.1.2.5.2.
Ke=3,412 Btu/kWh (3,600 kJ/kWh), conversion factor for
kilowatt-hours to Btu's.
4.2 Conventional cooking top
4.2.1 Conventional cooking top cooking efficiency
4.2.1.1 Electric surface unit cooking efficiency. Calculate the
cooking efficiency, EffSU, of the electric surface unit under
test, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.020
Where:
W=measured weight of test block, W2 or W3,
expressed in pounds (kg).
Cp=0.23 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.96 kJ/kg deg.C), specific
heat of test block.
[[Page 177]]
TSU=temperature rise of the test block: final test block
temperature, TCT, as determined in Section 3.2.2,
minus the initial test block temperature, TI,
expressed in deg.F ( deg.C) as determined in Section 2.7.5.
Ke=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion factor of watt-hours
to Btu's.
ECT=measured energy consumption, as determined according to
Section 3.2.2, expressed in watt-hours (kJ).
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that cannot be
disconnected during the cooktop test may be subtracted from the energy
consumption, ECT, as determined in Section 3.2.2.
4.2.1.2 Gas surface unit cooking efficiency. Calculate the cooking
efficiency, EffSU, of the gas surface unit under test,
defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.021
Where:
W3=measured weight of test block as measured in Section
3.3.2, expressed in pounds (kg).
Cp and TSU are the same as defined in Section
4.2.1.1.
and,
E=[VCT - VCP x H] +
(EIC x Ke),
Where:
VCT=total gas consumption in standard cubic feet (L) for the
gas surface unit test as measured in Section 3.2.2.
EIC=electrical energy consumed in watt-hours (kJ) by an
ignition device of a gas surface unit as measured in Section
3.2.2.
Ke=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion factor of watt-hours
to Btu's.
H=either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas
used in the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2 and Section
2.2.2.3, expressed in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L) of
gas.
VCP=QCP x tCT, pilot consumption, in
standard cubic feet (L), during unit test,
Where:
tCT=the elapsed test time as defined in Section 3.2.2.
and
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.022
(pilot flow in standard cubic feet per hour)
Where:
VCP=any pilot lights gas consumption defined in Section
3.2.2.1.
tCP=elapsed time of the cooking top pilot lights test as
defined in Section 3.2.2.1.
4.2.1.3 Conventional cooking top cooking efficiency. Calculate the
conventional cooking top cooking efficiency, EffCT, using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.023
Where:
n=number of surface units in the cooking top.
EffSU=the efficiency of each of the surface units, as
determined according to Section 4.2.1.1 or Section 4.2.1.2.
4.2.2 Conventional cooking top annual energy consumption.
4.2.2.1 Conventional electric cooking top energy consumption.
Calculate the annual energy consumption of an electric cooking top,
ECA, in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.024
Where:
OCT=173.1 kWh (623,160 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EffCT=conventional cooking top cooking efficiency as defined
in Section 4.2.1.3.
4.2.2.2 Conventional gas cooking top
4.2.2.2.1 Annual cooking energy consumption. Calculate the annual
energy consumption for cooking, ECC, in Btu's (kJ) per year
for a gas cooking top, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.025
Where:
OCT=527.6 kBtu (556,618 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EffCT=the gas cooking top efficiency as defined in Section
4.2.1.3.
4.2.2.2.2 Annual energy consumption of any continuously burning gas
pilots. Calculate the annual energy consumption of any
continuously burning gas pilot lights of the cooking top,
EPC, in Btu's (kJ) per year, defined as:
EPC=QCP x A x H,
Where:
QCP=pilot light gas flow rate as measured in Section 3.2.2.1.
A=8,760 hours, the total number of hours in a year.
H=either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas
used in the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2. and Section
2.2.2.3, expressed in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L) of
gas.
4.2.2.2.3 Total annual energy consumption of a conventional gas
cooking top. Calculate the
[[Page 178]]
total annual energy consumption of a conventional gas cooking top,
ECA, in Btu's (kJ) per year, defined as:
ECA=ECC + EPC,
Where:
ECC=energy consumption for cooking as determined in Section
4.2.2.2.1.
EPC=annual energy consumption of the pilot lights as
determined in Section 4.2.2.2.2.
4.2.3 Conventional cooking top energy factor. Calculate the energy
factor or ratio of useful cooking energy output for cooking to the total
energy input, RCT, as follows:
For an electric cooking top, the energy factor is the same as the
cooking efficiency as determined according to Section 4.2.1.3.
For gas cooking tops,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.026
Where:
OCT=527.6 kBtu (556,618 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output of cooking top.
ECA=total annual energy consumption of cooking top determined
according to Section 4.2.2.2.3.
4.3 Combined components. The annual energy consumption of a kitchen
range, e.g. a cooktop and oven combined, shall be the sum of the annual
energy consumption of each of its components. The annual energy
consumption for other combinations of ovens, cooktops and microwaves
will also be treated as the sum of the annual energy consumption of each
of its components. The energy factor of a combined component is the sum
of the annual useful cooking energy output of each component divided by
the sum of the total annual energy consumption of each component.
4.4 Microwave oven.
4.4.1 Microwave oven test energy output. Calculate the microwave
oven test energy output, ET, in watt-hour's (kJ). The
calculation is repeated two or three times as required in section 3.2.3.
The average of the ET's is used for a calculation in section
4.4.3. For calculations specified in units of energy [watt-hours (kJ)],
use the equation below:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.027
Where:
MW=the measured mass of the test water load, in pounds (g).
MC=the measured mass of the test container before filling
with test water load, in pounds (g).
T1=the initial test water load temperature, in deg.F
( deg.C).
T2=the final test water load temperature, in deg.F ( deg.C).
T0=the measured ambient room temperature, in deg.F ( deg.C).
CC=0.210 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.88 kJ/kg deg.C),
specific heat of test container.
Cp=1.0 Btu/lb- deg.F (4.187 kJ/kg deg.C),
specific heat of water.
Ke=3,412 Btu/kWh (3,600 kJ/kWh) conversion factor of
kilowatt-hours to Btu's.
4.4.2 Microwave oven test power output. Calculate the microwave
oven test power output, PT, in watts (J/s) as specified in
Section four, paragraph 12.5 of IEC 705 Amendment 2 See Section 430.22.
The calculation is repeated for each test as required in section 3.2.3.
The average of the two or three PT's is used for calculations
in section 4.4.4. (See 10 CFR 430.22)
4.4.3 Microwave oven annual energy consumption. Calculate the
microwave oven annual energy consumption, Emo, in KWh's per
year, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.028
Where:
EM=the energy consumption as defined in Section 3.2.3.
OM=79.8 kWh (287,280 kJ) per year, the microwave oven annual
useful cooking energy output.
ET=the test energy as calculated in Section 4.4.1.
4.4.4 Microwave oven cooking efficiency. Calculate the microwave oven
cooking efficiency, EffMO, as specified in Section
four, paragraph 14 of IEC 705.
4.4.5 Microwave oven energy factor. Calculate the energy factor or the
ratio of the useful cooking energy output to total energy
input on a yearly basis, RMO, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.029
Where:
OM=79.8 kWh (287,280 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EMO=annual total energy consumption as determined in Section
4.4.3.
[62 FR 51981, Oct. 3, 1997]
Appendix J to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Automatic and Semi-Automatic Clothes Washers
The procedures and calculations in sections 3.3, 4.3, and 4.4 of
this Appendix need not be performed to determine compliance
[[Page 179]]
with the energy conservation standards for clothes washers.
1. DEFINITIONS
1.1 Adaptive control system means a clothes washer control system,
other than an adaptive water fill control system, which is capable of
automatically adjusting washer operation or washing conditions based on
characteristics of the clothes load placed in the clothes container,
without allowing or requiring consumer intervention or actions. The
automatic adjustments may, for example, include automatic selection,
modification, or control of any of the following: wash water
temperature, agitation or tumble cycle time, number of rinse cycles, and
spin speed. The characteristics of the clothes load, which could trigger
such adjustments, could, for example, consist of or be indicated by the
presence of either soil, soap, suds, or any other additive laundering
substitute or complementary product.
Note: Appendix J does not provide a means for determining the energy
consumption of a clothes washer with an adaptive control system.
Therefore, pursuant to 10 CFR 430.27, a waiver must be obtained to
establish an acceptable test procedure for each such clothes washer.
1.2 Adaptive water fill control system means a clothes washer water
fill control system which is capable of automatically adjusting the
water fill level based on the size or weight of the clothes load placed
in the clothes container, without allowing or requiring consumer
intervention and/or actions.
1.3 Bone-dry means a condition of a load of test cloth which has
been dried in a dryer at maximum temperature for a minimum of 10
minutes, removed and weighed before cool down, and then dried again for
10-minute periods until the final weight change of the load is 1 percent
or less.
1.4 Clothes container means the compartment within the clothes
washer that holds the clothes during operation of the machine.
1.5 Compact means a clothes washer which has a clothes container
capacity of less than 1.6 ft3 (45 L).
1.6 Deep rinse cycle means a rinse cycle in which the clothes
container is filled with water to a selected level and the clothes load
is rinsed by agitating it or tumbling it through the water.
1.7 Front-loader clothes washer means a clothes washer which
sequentially rotates or tumbles portions of the clothes load above the
water level allowing the clothes load to fall freely back into the
water. The principal axis of the clothes container is in a horizontal
plane and the access to the clothes container is through the front of
the machine.
1.8 Lockout means that at least one wash/rinse water temperature
combination is not available in the normal cycle that is available in
another cycle on the machine.
1.9 Make-up water means the amount of fresh water needed to
supplement the amount of stored water pumped from the external laundry
tub back into the clothes washer when the suds-return feature is
activated in order to achieve the required water fill level in the
clothes washer.
1.10 Modified energy factor means the quotient of the cubic foot
(or liter) capacity of the clothes container divided by the total
clothes washer energy consumption per cycle, with such energy
consumption expressed as the sum of the machine electrical energy
consumption, the hot water energy consumption, and the energy required
for removal of the remaining moisture in the wash load.
1.11 Most energy intensive cycle means the non-normal cycle that
uses the most energy for a given wash/rinse temperature combination.
1.12 Non-normal cycle means a cycle other than the normal cycle,
but does not include any manually selected pre-wash, pre-soak, and
extra-rinse option.
1.13 Nonwater-heating clothes washer means a clothes washer which
does not have an internal water heating device to generate hot water.
1.14 Normal cycle means the cycle recommended by the manufacturer
for washing cotton and/or linen clothes.
1.15 Sensor filled means a water fill control which automatically
terminates the fill when the water reaches an appropriate level in the
tub.
1.16 Spray rinse cycle means a rinse cycle in which water is
sprayed onto the clothes load for a definite period of time without
maintaining any specific water level in the clothes container.
1.17 Standard means a clothes washer which has a clothes container
capacity of
1.6 ft \3\ (45 L) or greater.
1.18 Suds-return means a feature or option on a clothes washer
which causes the stored wash water obtained by utilizing the suds-saver
feature to be pumped from the external laundry tub back into the clothes
washer.
1.19 Suds-saver means a feature or option on a clothes washer which
allows the user to store used wash water in an external laundry tub for
use with subsequent wash loads.
1.20 Temperature use factor means the percentage of the total
number of washes a user would wash with a particular wash/rinse
temperature setting.
1.21 Thermostatically controlled water valves means clothes washer
controls that have the ability to sense and adjust the hot and cold
supply water.
1.22 Time filled means a water fill control which uses a
combination of water flow controls in conjunction with time to terminate
the water fill cycle.
[[Page 180]]
1.23 Top-loader-horizontal-axis clothes washer means a clothes
washer which: rotates or tumbles portions of the clothes load above the
water level allowing the clothes load to fall freely back into the water
with the principal axis in a horizontal plane and has access to the
clothes container through the top of the clothes washer.
1.24 Top-loader-vertical-axis clothes washer means a clothes washer
that: flexes and oscillates the submerged clothes load through the water
by means of mechanical agitation or other movement; has a clothes
container with the principal axis in a vertical plane; and has access to
the clothes container through the top of the clothes washer.
1.25 Water consumption factor means the quotient of the total
weighted per-cycle water consumption divided by the capacity of the
clothes washer.
1.26 Water-heating clothes washer means a clothes washer where some
or all of the hot water for clothes washing is generated by a water
heating device internal to the clothes washer.
2. TESTING CONDITIONS
2.1 Installation. Install the clothes washer in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions.
2.2 Electrical energy supply. Maintain the electrical supply at the
clothes washer terminal block within 2 percent of 120, 120/240 or 120/
208Y volts as applicable to the particular terminal block wiring system
as specified by the manufacturer. If the clothes washer has a dual
voltage conversion capability, conduct the test at the highest voltage
specified by the manufacturer.
2.3 Supply water. For nonwater-heating clothes washers not equipped
with thermostatically controlled water valves, the temperature of the
hot and cold water supply shall be maintained at 100
deg.F10 deg.F (37.8 deg.C