[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 10, Volume 3]
[Revised as of January 1, 2001]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 10CFR430.27]
[Page 125-258]
TITLE 10--ENERGY
CHAPTER II--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS--Table of Contents
Subpart B--Test Procedures
Sec. 430.27 Petitions for waiver and applications for interim waiver.
(a)(1) Any interested person may submit a petition to waive for a
particular
[[Page 126]]
basic model any requirements of Sec. 430.23, or of any appendix to this
subpart, upon the grounds that the basic model contains one or more
design characteristics which either prevent testing of the basic model
according to the prescribed test procedures, or the prescribed test
procedures may evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative
of its true energy consumption characteristics, or water consumption
characteristics (in the case of faucets, showerheads, water closets, and
urinals) as to provide materially inaccurate comparative data.
(2) Any interested person who has submitted a Petition for Waiver as
provided in this subpart may also file an Application for Interim Waiver
of the applicable test procedure requirements.
(b)(1) A Petition for Waiver shall be submitted, in triplicate, to
the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, United
States Department of Energy. Each Petition for Waiver shall:
(i) Identify the particular basic model(s) for which a waiver is
requested, the design characteristic(s) constituting the grounds for the
petition, and the specific requirements sought to be waived and shall
discuss in detail the need for the requested waiver;
(ii) Identify manufacturers of all other basic models marketed in
the United States and known to the petitioner to incorporate similar
design characteristic(s);
(iii) Include any alternate test procedures known to the petitioner
to evaluate in a manner representative of the energy consumption
characteristics, or water consumption characteristics (in the case of
faucets, showerheads, water closets, and urinals) of the basic model;
and
(iv) Be signed by the petitioner or by an authorized representative.
In accordance with the provisions set forth in 10 CFR 1004.11, any
request for confidential treatment of any information contained in a
Petition for Waiver or in supporting documentation must be accompanied
by a copy of the petition, application or supporting documentation from
which the information claimed to be confidential has been deleted. DOE
shall publish in the Federal Register the petition and supporting
documents from which confidential information, as determined by DOE, has
been deleted in accordance with 10 CFR 1004.11 and shall solicit
comments, data and information with respect to the determination of the
petition. Any person submitting written comments to DOE with the respect
to a Petition for Waiver shall also send a copy of such comments to the
petitioner. In accordance with paragraph (i) of this section, a
petitioner may submit a rebuttal statement to the Assistant Secretary
for Conservation and Renewable Energy.
(2) An Application for Interim Waiver shall be submitted in
triplicate, with the required three copies of the Petition for Waiver,
to the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, U.S.
Department of Energy. Each Application for Interim Waiver shall
reference the Petition for Waiver by identifying the particular basic
model(s) for which a waiver and temporary exception are being sought.
Each Application for Interim Waiver shall demonstrate likely success of
the Petition for Waiver and shall address what economic hardship and/or
competitive disadvantage is likely to result absent a favorable
determination on the Application for Interim Waiver. Each Application
for Interim Waiver shall be signed by the applicant or by an authorized
representative.
(c)(1) Each petitioner, after filing a Petition for Waiver with DOE,
and after the Petition for Waiver has been published in the Federal
Register, shall, within five working days of such publication, notify in
writing all known manufacturers of domestically marketed units of the
same product type (as listed in section 322(a) of the Act) and shall
include in the notice a statement that DOE has published in the Federal
Register on a certain date the Petition for Waiver and supporting
documents from which confidential information, if any, as determined by
DOE, has been deleted in accordance with 10 CFR 1004.11. Each
petitioner, in complying with the requirements of this paragraph, shall
file with DOE a statement certifying the names and addresses of each
person to
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whom a notice of the Petition for Waiver has been sent.
(2) Each applicant for Interim Waiver, whether filing jointly with,
or subsequent to, a Petition for Waiver with DOE, shall concurrently
notify in writing all known manufacturers of domestically marketed units
of the same product type (as listed in Section 322(a) of the Act) and
shall include in the notice a copy of the Petition for Waiver and a copy
of the Application for Interim Waiver. In complying with this section,
each applicant shall in the written notification include a statement
that the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy will
receive and consider timely written comments on the Application for
Interim Waiver. Each applicant, upon filing an Application for Interim
Waiver, shall in complying with the requirements of this paragraph
certify to DOE that a copy of these documents have been sent to all
known manufacturers of domestically marked units of the same product
type (as listed in section 322(a) of the Act). Such certification shall
include the names and addresses of such persons. Each applicant also
shall comply with the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section
with respect to the petition for waiver.
(d) Any person submitting written comments to DOE with respect to an
Application for Interim Waiver shall also send a copy of the comments to
the applicant.
(e) If administratively feasible, applicant shall be notified in
writing of the disposition of the Application for Interim Waiver within
15 business days of receipt of the application. Notice of DOE's
determination on the Application for Interim Waiver shall be published
in the Federal Register.
(f) The filing of an Application for Interim Waiver shall not
constitute grounds for noncompliance with any requirements of this
subpart, until an Interim Waiver has been granted.
(g) An Interim Waiver from test procedure requirements will be
granted by the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy
if it is determined that the applicant will experience economic hardship
if the Application for Interim Waiver is denied, if it appears likely
that the Petition for Waiver will be granted, and/or the Assistant
Secretary determines that it would be desirable for public policy
reasons to grant immediate relief pending a determination on the
Petition for Waiver.
(h) An interim waiver will terminate 180 days after issuance or upon
the determination on the Petition for Waiver, whichever occurs first. An
interim waiver may be extended by DOE for 180 days. Notice of such
extension and/or any modification of the terms or duration of the
interim waiver shall be published in the Federal Register, and shall be
based on relevant information contained in the record and any comments
received subsequent to issuance of the interim waiver.
(i) Following publication of the Petition for Waiver in the Federal
Register, a petitioner may, within 10 working days of receipt of a copy
of any comments submitted in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this
section, submit a rebuttal statement to the Assistant Secretary for
Conservation and Renewable Energy. A petitioner may rebut more than one
response in a single rebuttal statement.
(j) The petitioner shall be notified in writing as soon as
practicable of the disposition of each Petition for Waiver. The
Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy shall issue a
decision on the petition as soon as is practicable following receipt and
review of the Petition for Waiver and other applicable documents,
including, but not limited to, comments and rebuttal statements.
(k) The filing of a Petition for Waiver shall not constitute grounds
for noncompliance with any requirements of this subpart, until a waiver
or interim waiver has been granted.
(l) Waivers will be granted by the Assistant Secretary for
Conservation and Renewable Energy, if it is determined that the basic
model for which the waiver was requested contains a design
characteristic which either prevents testing of the basic model
according to the prescribed test procedures, or the prescribed test
procedures may evaluate the basic model in a manner so unrepresentative
of its true energy consumption characteristics, or water consumption
characteristics (in the case of
[[Page 128]]
faucets, showerheads, water closets, and urinals) as to provide
materially inaccurate comparative data. Waivers may be granted subject
to conditions, which may include adherence to alternate test procedures
specified by the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable
Energy. The Assistant Secretary shall consult with the Federal Trade
Commission prior to granting any waiver, and shall promptly publish in
the Federal Register notice of each waiver granted or denied, and any
limiting conditions of each waiver granted.
(m) Within one year of the granting of any waiver, the Department of
Energy will publish in the Federal Register a notice of proposed
rulemaking to amend its regulations so as to eliminate any need for the
continuation of such waiver. As soon thereafter as practicable, the
Department of Energy will publish in the Federal Register a final rule.
Such waiver will terminate on the effective date of such final rule.
(n) In order to exhaust administrative remedies, any person
aggrieved by an action under this section must file an appeal with the
DOE's Office of Hearings and Appeals as provided in 10 CFR part 1003,
subpart C.
[51 FR 42826, Nov. 26, 1986, as amended at 60 FR 15017, Mar. 21, 1995;
63 FR 13316, Mar. 18, 1998]
Appendix A1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Electric Refrigerators and Electric
Refrigerator-Freezers
1. Definitions
1.1 ``HRF-1-1979'' means the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers standard for household refrigerators, combination
refrigerator-freezers, and household freezers, also approved as an
American National Standard as a revision of ANSI B 38.1-1970.
1.2 ``Adjusted total volume'' means the sum of (i) the fresh food
compartment volume as defined in HRF-1-1979 in cubic feet, and (ii) the
product of an adjustment factor and the net freezer compartment volume
as defined in HRF-1-1979, in cubic feet.
1.3 ``Anti-sweat heater'' means a device incorporated into the
design of a refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer to prevent the
accumulation of moisture on exterior surfaces of the cabinet under
conditions of high ambient humidity.
1.4 ``All-refrigerator'' means an electric refrigerator which does
not include a compartment for the freezing and long time storage of food
at temperatures below 32 deg.F. (0.0 deg.C.). It may include a
compartment of 0.50 cubic feet capacity (14.2 liters) or less for the
freezing and storage of ice.
1.5 ``Cycle'' means the period of 24 hours for which the energy use
of an electric refrigerator or electric refrigerator-freezer is
calculated as though the consumer activated compartment temperature
controls were set so that the desired compartment temperatures were
maintained.
1.6 ``Cycle type'' means the set of test conditions having the
calculated effect of operating an electric refrigerator or electric
refrigerator-freezer for a period of 24 hours, with the consumer
activated controls other than those that control compartment
temperatures set to establish various operating characteristics.
1.7 ``Standard cycle'' means the cycle type in which the anti-sweat
heater control, when provided, is set in the highest energy consuming
position.
1.8 ``Automatic defrost'' means a system in which the defrost cycle
is automatically initiated and terminated, with resumption of normal
refrigeration at the conclusion of the defrost operation. The system
automatically prevents the permanent formation of frost on all
refrigerated surfaces. Nominal refrigerated food temperatures are
maintained during the operation of the automatic defrost system.
1.9 ``Long-time Automatic Defrost'' means an automatic defrost
system where successive defrost cycles are separated by 14 hours or more
of compressor-operating time.
1.10 ``Stabilization Period'' means the total period of time during
which steady-state conditions are being attained or evaluated.
1.11 ``Variable defrost control'' means a long-time automatic
defrost system (except the 14-hour defrost qualification does not apply)
where successive defrost cycles are determined by an operating condition
variable or variables other than solely compressor operating time. This
includes any electrical or mechanical device. Demand defrost is a type
of variable defrost control.
1.12 ``Externally vented refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer''
means an electric refrigerator or electric refrigerator-freezer that:
has an enclosed condenser or an enclosed condenser/compressor
compartment and a set of air ducts for transferring the exterior air
from outside the building envelope into, through and out of the
refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer cabinet; is capable of mixing
[[Page 129]]
exterior air with the room air before discharging into, through, and out
of the condenser or condenser/compressor compartment; includes
thermostatically controlled dampers or controls that enable the mixing
of the exterior and room air at low outdoor temperatures, and the
exclusion of exterior air when the outdoor air temperature is above 80
deg.F or the room air temperature; and may have a thermostatically
actuated exterior air fan.
2. Test Conditions
2.1 Ambient temperature. The ambient temperature shall be 90.0
1 deg.F. (32.30.6 deg.C.) during the
stabilization period and during the test period. The ambient temperature
shall be 802 deg.F dry bulb and 67 deg.F wet bulb during
the stabilization period and during the test period when the unit is
tested in accordance with section 3.3.
2.2 Operational conditions. The electric refrigerator or electric
refrigerator-freezer shall be installed and its operating conditions
maintained in accordance with HRF-1-1979, section 7.2 through section
7.4.3.3, except that the vertical ambient temperature gradient at
locations 10 inches (25.4 cm) out from the centers of the two sides of
the unit being tested is to be maintained during the test. Unless the
area is obstructed by shields or baffles, the gradient is to be
maintained from 2 inches (5.1 cm) above the floor or supporting platform
to a height one foot (30.5 cm) above the unit under test. Defrost
controls are to be operative and the anti-sweat heater switch is to be
``on'' during one test and ``off'' during a second test. Other
exceptions are noted in 2.3, 2.4, and 5.1 below.
2.3 Conditions for automatic defrost refrigerator-freezers. For
automatic defrost refrigerator-freezers, the freezer compartments shall
not be loaded with any frozen food packages. Cylindrical metallic masses
of dimensions 1.120.25 inches (2.90.6 cm) in
diameter and height shall be attached in good thermal contact with each
temperature sensor within the refrigerated compartments. All temperature
measuring sensor masses shall be supported by nonthermally conductive
supports in such a manner that there will be at least one inch (2.5 cm)
of air space separating the thermal mass from contact with any surface.
In case of interference with hardware at the sensor locations specified
in section 5.1, the sensors shall be placed at the nearest adjacent
location such that there will be a one inch air space separating the
sensor mass from the hardware.
2.4 Conditions for all-refrigerators. There shall be no load in the
freezer compartment during the test.
2.5 Steady State Condition. Steady state conditions exist if the
temperature measurements in all measured compartments taken at four
minute intervals or less during a stabilization period are not changing
at a rate greater than 0.042 deg.F. (0.023 deg.C.) per hour as
determined by the applicable condition of A or B.
A. The average of the measurements during a two hour period if no
cycling occurs or during a number of complete repetitive compressor
cycles through a period of no less than two hours is compare to the
average over an equivalent time period with three hours elapsed between
the two measurement periods.
B. If A above cannot be used, the average of the measurements during
a number of complete repetitive compressor cycles through a period of no
less than two hours and including the last complete cycle prior to a
defrost period, or if no cycling occurs, the average of the measurements
during the last two hours prior to a defrost period; are compared to the
same averaging period prior to the following defrost period.
2.6 Exterior air for externally vented refrigerator or
refrigerator-freezer. An exterior air source shall be provided with
adjustable temperature and pressure capabilities. The exterior air
temperature shall be adjustable from 351 deg.F
(1.70.6 deg.C) to 901 deg.F
(32.20.6 deg.C).
2.6.1 Air duct. The exterior air shall pass from the exterior air
source to the test unit through an insulated air duct.
2.6.2 Air temperature measurement. The air temperature entering the
condenser or condenser/compressor compartment shall be maintained to
3 deg.F (1.7 deg.C) during the stabilization and test
periods and shall be measured at the inlet point of the condenser or
condenser/compressor compartment (``condenser inlet''). Temperature
measurements shall be taken from at least three temperature sensors or
one sensor per 4 square inches of the air duct cross sectional area,
whichever is greater, and shall be averaged. For a unit that has a
condenser air fan, a minimum of three temperature sensors at the
condenser fan discharge shall be required. Temperature sensors shall be
arranged to be at the centers of equally divided cross sectional areas.
The exterior air temperature, at its source, shall be measured and
maintained to 1 deg.F (0.6 deg.C) during the test period.
The temperature measuring devices shall have an error not greater than
0.5 deg.F (0.3 deg.C). Measurements of the air
temperature during the test period shall be taken at regular intervals
not to exceed four minutes.
2.6.3 Exterior air static pressure. The exterior air static
pressure at the inlet point of the unit shall be adjusted to maintain a
negative pressure of 0.20"0.05" water column (62
Pa12.5 Pa) for all air flow rates supplied to the unit. The
pressure sensor shall be located on a straight duct with a distance of
at least 7.5 times the diameter of the duct upstream and a distance of
at least 3 times the diameter of the duct downstream. There shall be
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four static pressure taps at 90 deg.angles apart. The four pressures
shall be averaged by interconnecting the four pressure taps. The air
pressure measuring instrument shall have an error not greater than 0.01"
water column (2.5 Pa).
3. Test Control Settings
3.1 Model with no user operable temperature control. A test shall
be performed during which the compartment temperatures and energy use
shall be measured. A second test shall be performed with the temperature
control electrically short circuited to cause the compressor to run
continuously.
3.2 Model with user operable temperature control. Testing shall be
performed in accordance with one of the following sections using the
standardized temperatures of:
All-refrigerator: 38 deg.F. (3.3 deg.C.) fresh food compartment
temperature
Refrigerator: 15 deg.F. (-9.4 deg.C.) freezer compartment temperature
Refrigerator-freezer: 5 deg.F. (-15 deg.C.) freezer compartment
temperature
Variable defrost control models: 5 deg.F (-15 deg.C) freezer
compartment temperature and 38 2 deg.F fresh food
compartment temperature during steady-state conditions with no door-
openings. If both settings cannot be obtained, then test with the fresh
food compartment temperature at 382 deg.F and the freezer
compartment as close to 5 deg.F as possible.
3.2.1 A first test shall be performed with all compartment
temperature controls set at their median position midway between their
warmest and coldest settings. Knob detents shall be mechanically
defeated if necessary to attain a median setting. A second test shall be
performed with all controls set at either their warmest or their coldest
setting (not electrically or mechanically bypassed), whichever is
appropriate, to attempt to achieve compartment temperatures measured
during the two tests which bound (i.e., one is above and one is below)
the standardized temperature for the type of product being tested. If
the compartment temperatures measured during these two tests bound the
appropriate standardized temperature, then these test results shall be
used to determine energy consumption. If the compartment temperature
measured with all controls set at their coldest setting is above the
standardized temperature, a third test shall be performed with all
controls set at their warmest setting and the result of this test shall
be used with the result of the test performed with all controls set at
their coldest setting to determine energy consumption. If the
compartment temperature measured with all controls set at their warmest
setting is below the standardized temperature; and the fresh food
compartment temperature is below 45 deg.F. (7.22 deg.C.) in the case
of a refrigerator or a refrigerator-freezer, excluding an all-
refrigerator, then the result of this test alone will be used to
determine energy consumption.
3.2.2 Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all
temperature controls set at their warmest setting. If the compartment
temperature is below the appropriate standardized temperature, and the
fresh food compartment temperature is below 45 deg.F. (7.22 deg.C.) in
the case of a refrigerator or a refrigerator-freezer, excluding an all-
refrigerator, then the result of this test alone will be used to
determine energy consumption. If the above conditions are not met, then
the unit shall be tested in accordance with 3.2.1 above.
3.2.3 Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all
temperature controls set at their coldest setting. If the compartment
temperature is above the appropriate standardized temperature, a second
test shall be performed with all controls set at their warmest control
setting and the results of these two tests shall be used to determine
energy consumption. If the above condition is not met, then the unit
shall be tested in accordance with 3.2.1 above.
3.3 Variable defrost control optional test. After a steady-state
condition is achieved, the optional test requires door-openings for
122 seconds every 60 minutes on the fresh food compartment
door and a simultaneous 122 second freezer compartment door-
opening occurring every 4th time, to obtain 24 fresh food and six
freezer compartment door-openings per 24-hour period. The first freezer
door-opening shall be simultaneous with the fourth fresh food door-
opening. The doors are to be opened 60 deg.to 90 deg.with an average
velocity for the leading edge of the door of approximately 2 ft./sec.
Prior to the initiation of the door-opening sequence, the refrigerator
defrost control mechanism may be re-initiated in order to minimize the
test duration.
4. Test Period
4.1 Test Period. Tests shall be performed by establishing the
conditions set forth in Section 2, and using control settings as set
forth in Section 3, above.
4.1.1 Nonautomatic Defrost. If the model being tested has no
automatic defrost system, the test time period shall start after steady
state conditions have been achieved and be of not less than three hours
in duration. During the test period, the compressor motor shall complete
two or more whole compressor cycles (a compressor cycle is a complete
``on'' and a complete ``off'' period of the motor). If no ``off''
cycling will occur, as determined during the stabilization period, the
test period shall be three hours. If
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incomplete cycling (less than two compressor cycles) occurs during a 24
hour period, the results of the 24 hour period shall be used.
4.1.2 Automatic Defrost. If the model being tested has an automatic
defrost system, the test time period shall start after steady state
conditions have been achieved and be from one point during a defrost
period to the same point during the next defrost period. If the model
being tested has a long-time automatic defrost system, the alternative
provisions of 4.1.2.1 may be used.If the model being tested has a
variable defrost control, the provisions of section 4.1.2.2 or 4.1.2.3
shall apply. If the model has a dual compressor system the provisions of
4.1.2.4 shall apply.
4.1.2.1 Long-time Automatic Defrost. If the model being tested has
a long-time automatic defrost system, the test time period may consist
of two parts. A first part would be the same as the test for a unit
having no defrost provisions (section 4.1.1). The second part would
start when a defrost period is initiated during a compressor ``on''
cycle and terminate at the second turn ``on'' of the compressor motor or
after four hours, whichever comes first.
4.1.2.2 Variable defrost control. If the model being tested has a
variable defrost control system, the test shall consist of three parts.
Two parts shall be the same as the test for long-time automatic defrost
(section 4.1.2.1). The third part is the optional test to determine the
time between defrosts (section 5.2.1.3). The third part is used by
manufacturers that choose not to accept the default value of F of 0.20,
to calculate CT.
4.1.2.3 Variable defrost control optional test. After steady-state
conditions with no door openings are achieved in accordance with section
3.3 above, the test is continued using the above daily door-opening
sequence until stabilized operation is achieved. Stabilization is
defined as a minimum of three consecutive defrost cycles with times
between defrosts that will allow the calculation of a Mean Time Between
Defrosts (MTBD1) that satisfies the statistical relationship of 90
percent confidence. The test is repeated on at least one more unit of
the model and until the Mean Time Between Defrosts for the multiple unit
tests (MTBD2) satisfies the statistical relationship. If the time
between defrosts is greater than 96 hours (compressor ``on'' time) and
this defrost period can be repeated on a second unit, the test may be
terminated at 96 hours (CT) and the absolute time value used for MTBD
for each unit.
4.1.2.4 Dual compressor systems with automatic defrost. If the
model being tested has separate compressor systems for the refrigerator
and freezer sections, each with its own automatic defrost system, then
the two-part method in 4.1.2.1 shall be used. The second part of the
method will be conducted separately for each automatic defrost system.
The auxiliary components (fan motors, anti-sweat heaters, etc.) will be
identified for each system and the energy consumption measured during
each test.
5. Test Measurements
5.1 Temperature Measurements. Temperature measurements shall be
made at the locations prescribed in Figures 7.1 and 7.2 of HRF-1-1979
and shall be accurate to within 0.5 deg.F. (0.3 deg.C.)
of true value. No freezer temperature measurements need be taken in an
all-refrigerator model.
If the interior arrangements of the cabinet do not conform with
those shown in Figure 7.1 and 7.2 of HRF-1-1979, measurements shall be
taken at selected locations chosen to represent approximately the entire
refrigerated compartment. The locations selected shall be a matter of
record.
5.1.1 Measured Temperature. The measured temperature of a
compartment is to be the average of all sensor temperature readings
taken in that compartment at a particular time. Measurements shall be
taken at regular intervals not to exceed four minutes.
5.1.2 Compartment Temperature. The compartment temperature for each
test period shall be an average of the measured temperatures taken in a
compartment during a complete cycle or several complete cycles of the
compressor motor (one compressor cycle is one complete motor ``on'' and
one complete motor ``off'' period). For long-time automatic defrost
models, compartment temperatures shall be those measured in the first
part of the test period specified in 4.1.1. For models equipped with
variable defrost controls, compartment temperatures shall be those
measured in the first part of the test period specified in 4.1.2.2
above.
5.1.2.1 The number of complete compressor motor cycles over which
the measured temperatures in a compartment are to be averaged to
determine compartment temperature shall be equal to the number of
minutes between measured temperature readings, rounded up to the next
whole minute or a number of complete cycles over a time period exceeding
one hour. One of the cycles shall be the last complete compressor motor
cycle during the test period.
5.1.2.2 If no compressor motor cycling occurs, the compartment
temperature shall be the average of the measured temperatures taken
during the last thirty-two minutes of the test period.
5.1.2.3 If incomplete cycling occurs, the compartment temperatures
shall be the average of the measured temperatures taken during the last
three hours of the last complete ``on'' period.
5.2 Energy Measurements
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5.2.1 Per-day Energy Consumption. The energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per day for each test period shall be the energy expended
during the test period as specified in section 4.1 adjusted to a 24 hour
period. The adjustment shall be determined as follows:
5.2.1.1 Nonautomatic and automatic defrost models. The energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=EP x 1440/T
where
ET=test cycle energy expended in kilowatt-hours per day,
EP=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the test period,
T=length of time of the test period in minutes, and
1440=conversion factor to adjust to a 24 hour period in minutes per day.
5.2.1.2 Long-time Automatic Defrost. If the two part test method is
used, the energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be
calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x EP1/T1)+((EP2-(EP1 x T2/T1)) x 12/CT)
where
ET and 1440 are defined in 5.2.1.1,
EP1=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the first part of the test,
EP2=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second part of the
test,
T1 and T2=length of time in minutes of the first and second test parts
respectively,
CT=Defrost timer run time in hours required to cause it to go through a
complete cycle, to the nearest tenth hour per cycle, and
12=factor to adjust for a 50% run time of the compressor in hours per
day.
5.2.1.3 Variable defrost control. The energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x EP1/T1)+(EP2-(EP1 x T2/T1)) x (12/CT) where 1440 is defined
in 5.2.1.1 and EP1, EP2, T1, T2 and 12 are defined in 5.2.1.2.
CT=CTL x CTM)/
(F x (CTM-CTL)+CTL)
CTL=least or shortest time between defrosts in tenths of an
hour (greater than or equal to six but less than or equal to
12 hours)
CTM=maximum time between defrost cycles in tenths of an hour
(greater than CTL but not more than 96 hours)
F=ratio of per day energy consumption in excess of the least energy and
the maximum difference in per day energy consumption and is
equal to
F = (1/CT - 1/CTM)/(1/CTL - 1/CTM =
(ET-ETL)/ETM - ETL) or 0.20
in lieu of testing to find CT.
ETL = least electrical energy used (kilowatt hours)
ETM=maximum electrical energy used (kilowatt hours). For
demand defrost models with no values for CTL and
CTM in the algorithm the default values of 12 and
84 shall be used, respectively.
5.2.1.4 Optional test method for variable defrost controls.
CT = MTBD x 0.5
where:
MTBD = mean time between defrosts
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC14NO91.027
where:
X=in time between defrost cycles
N=number of defrost cycles
5.2.1.5 Dual compressor systems with dual automatic defrost. The
two-part test method in section 4.1.2.2 must be used, the energy
consumption in kilowatt per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x EP1/T1) + (EP2F - (EPF x T2/T1))
x 12/CTF + (EP2R - (EPR x
T3/T1)) x 12/CTR
Where 1440, EP1, T1, EP2, 12, and CT are defined in 5.2.1.2
EPF = energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second
part of the test for the freezer system by the freezer system.
EP2F = total energy expended during the second part of the
test for the freezer system.
EPR = energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second
part of the test for the refrigerator system by the
refrigerator system.
EP2R = total energy expended during the second part of the
test for the refrigerator system.
T2 and T3 = length of time in minutes of the second test part for the
freezer and refrigerator systems respectively.
CTF = compressor ``on'' time between freezer defrosts (tenths
of an hour).
CTR = compressor ``on'' time between refrigerator defrosts
(tenths of an hour).
5.3 Volume measurements. The electric refrigerator or electric
refrigerator-freezer total refrigerated volume, VT, shall be measured in
accordance with HRF-1-1979, section 3.20 and sections 4.2 through 4.3
and be calculated equivalent to:
VT=VF+VFF
where
VT=total refrigerated volume in cubic feet,
VF=freezer compartment volume in cubic feet, and
VFF=fresh food compartment volume in cubic feet.
5.4 Externally vented refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer units.
All test measurements for the externally vented refrigerator or
refrigerator-freezer shall be made in accordance with the requirements
of other sections of this appendix, except as modified in
[[Page 133]]
this section 5.4 or other sections expressly applicable to externally
vented refrigerators or refrigerator-freezers.
5.4.1 Operability of thermostatic and mixing of air controls. Prior
to conducting energy consumption tests, the operability of thermostatic
controls that permit the mixing of exterior and ambient air when
exterior air temperatures are less than 60 deg.F must be verified. The
operability of such controls shall be verified by operating the unit
under ambient air temperature of 90 deg.F and exterior air temperature
of 45 deg.F. If the inlet air entering the condenser or condenser/
compressor compartment is maintained at 60 deg.F, plus or minus three
degrees, energy consumption of the unit shall be measured under 5.4.2.2
and 5.4.2.3. If the inlet air entering the condenser or condenser/
compressor compartment is not maintained at 60 deg.F, plus or minus
three degrees, energy consumption of the unit shall also be measured
under 5.4.2.4.
5.4.2 Energy consumption tests.
5.4.2.1 Correction factor test. To enable calculation of a
correction factor, K, two full cycle tests shall be conducted to measure
energy consumption of the unit with air mixing controls disabled and the
condenser inlet air temperatures set at 90 deg.F (32.2 deg.C) and 80
deg.F (26.7 deg.C). Both tests shall be conducted with all compartment
temperature controls set at the position midway between their warmest
and coldest settings and the anti-sweat heater switch off. Record the
energy consumptions ec90 and ec80, in kWh/day.
5.4.2.2 Energy consumption at 90 deg.F. The unit shall be tested
at 90 deg.F (32.2 deg.C) exterior air temperature to record the energy
consumptions (e90)i in kWh/day. For a given
setting of the anti-sweat heater, i corresponds to each of the two
states of the compartment temperature control positions.
5.4.2.3 Energy consumption at 60 deg.F. The unit shall be tested
at 60 deg.F (26.7 deg.C) exterior air temperature to record the energy
consumptions (e60)i in kWh/day. For a given
setting of the anti-sweat heater, i corresponds to each of the two
states of the compartment temperature control positions.
5.4.2.4 Energy consumption if mixing controls do not operate
properly. If the operability of temperature and mixing controls has not
been verified as required under 5.4.1, the unit shall be tested at 50
deg.F (10.0 deg.C) and 30 deg.F (-1.1 deg.C) exterior air
temperatures to record the energy consumptions
(e50)i and (e30)i. For a
given setting of the anti-sweat heater, i corresponds to each of the two
states of the compartment temperature control positions.
6. Calculation of Derived Results from Test Measurements
6.1 Adjusted Total Volume.
6.1.1 Electric refrigerators. The adjusted total volume, VA, for
electric refrigerators under test shall be defined as:
VA=(VF x CR)+VFF
where
VA=adjusted total volume in cubic feet,
VF and VFF are defined in 5.3, and
CR=adjustment factor of 1.44 for refrigerators other than all-
refrigerators, or 1.0 for all-refrigerators, dimensionless,
6.1.2 Electric refrigerator-freezers. The adjusted total volume,
VA, for electric refrigerator-freezers under test shall be calculated as
follows:
VA=(VF x CRF)+VFF
where
VF and VFF are defined in 5.3 and VA is defined in 6.1.1,
CRF=adjustment factor of 1.63, dimensionless,
6.2 Average Per-Cycle Energy consumption.
6.2.1 All-refrigerator Models. The average per-cycle energy
consumption for a cycle type is expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle to
the nearest one hundredth (0.01) kilowatt-hour and shall depend upon the
temperature attainable in the fresh food compartment as shown below.
6.2.1.1 If the fresh food compartment temperature is always below
38.0 deg.F. (3.3 deg.C.), the average per-cycle energy consumption
shall be equivalent to:
E=ET1
where
E=Total per-cycle energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day,
ET is defined in 5.2.1, and Number 1 indicates the test period during
which the highest fresh food compartment temperature is
measured.
6.2.1.2 If one of the fresh food compartment temperatures measured
for a test period is greater than 38.0 deg.F. (3.3 deg.C.), the
average per-cycle energy consumption shall be equivalent to:
E=ET1+((ET2-ET1) x (38.0-TR1)/(TR2-TR1))
where
E is defined in 6.2.1.1,
ET is defined in 5.2.1,
TR=Fresh food compartment temperature determined according to 5.1.2 in
degrees F,
Number 1 and 2 indicates measurements taken during the first and second
test period as appropriate, and
38.0=Standardized fresh food compartment temperature in degrees F.
6.2.2 Refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers. The average per-
cycle energy consumption for a cycle type is expressed in kilowatt-hours
per-cycle to the nearest one hundredth (0.01) kilowatt-hour and shall be
defined in the applicable following manner.
[[Page 134]]
6.2.2.1 If the fresh food compartment temperature is always at or
below 45 deg.F. (7.2 deg.C.) in both of the tests and the freezer
compartment temperature is always at or below 15 deg.F. (-9.4 deg.C.)
in both tests of a refrigerator or at or below 5 deg.F. (-15 deg.C.)
in both tests of a refrigerator-freezer, the per-cycle energy
consumption shall be:
E=ET1
where
E is defined in 6.2.1.1,
ET is defined in 5.2.1, and
Number 1 indicates the test period during which the highest freezer
compartment temperature was measured.
6.2.2.2 If the conditions of 6.2.2.1 do not exist, the per-cycle
energy consumption shall be defined by the higher of the two values
calculated by the following two formulas:
E=ET1+((ET2-ET1) x (45.0-TR1)/(TR2-TR1))
and
E=ET1+((ET2-ET1) x (k-TF1)/(TF2-TF1))
where
E is defined in 6.2.1.1,
ET is defined in 5.2.1,
TR and number 1 and 2 are defined in 6.2.1.2,
TF=Freezer compartment temperature determined according to 5.1.2 in
degrees F,
45.0 is a specified fresh food compartment temperature in degree F, and
k is a constant 15.0 for refrigerators or 5.0 for refrigerator-freezers
each being standardized freezer compartment temperature in
degrees F.
6.3 Externally vented refrigerator or refrigerator-freezers. Per-
cycle energy consumption measurements for the externally vented
refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer shall be calculated in accordance
with the requirements of this Appendix, as modified in sections 6.3.1-
6.3.7.
6.3.1 Correction factor. A correction factor, K, shall be
calculated as:
K = ec90/ec80
where ec90 and ec80 = the energy consumption test
results as determined under 5.4.2.1.
6.3.2 Combining test results of different settings of compartment
temperature controls. For a given setting of the anti-sweat heater,
follow the calculation procedures of 6.2 to combine the test results for
energy consumption of the unit at different temperature control settings
for each condenser inlet air temperature tested under 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.3,
and 5.4.2.4, where applicable, (e90)i,
(e60)i, (e50)i, and
(e30)i. The combined values are
90, 60, 50,
and 30, where applicable, in kWh/day.
6.3.3 Energy consumption corrections. For a given setting of the
anti-sweat heater, the energy consumptions 90,
60, 50, and
30 calculated in 6.3.2 shall be adjusted by
multiplying the correction factor K to obtain the corrected energy
consumptions per day, in kWh/day:
E90 = K x 90,
E60 = K x 60
E50 = K x 50, and
E30 = K x 30
where,
K is determined under section 6.3.1, and 90,
60, 50, and
30 are determined under section 6.3.2.
6.3.4 Energy profile equation. For a given setting of the anti-
sweat heater, the energy consumption EX, in kWh/day, at a
specific exterior air temperature between 80 deg.F (26.7 deg.C) and 60
deg.F (26.7 deg.C) shall be calculated by the following equation:
EX = a + bTX,
where,
TX = exterior air temperature in deg.F;
a = 3E60-2E90, in kWh/day;
b = (E90-E60)/30, in kWh/day per deg.F.
6.3.5 Energy consumption at 80 deg.F (26.7 deg.C), 75 deg.F
(23.9 deg.C) and 65 deg.F (18.3 deg.C). For a given setting of the
anti-sweat heater, calculate the energy consumptions at 80 deg.F (26.7
deg.C), 75 deg.F (23.9 deg.C) and 65 deg.F (18.3 deg.C) exterior air
temperatures, E80, E75 and E65,
respectively, in kWh/day, using the equation in 6.3.4.
6.3.6 National average per cycle energy consumption. For a given
setting of the anti-sweat heater, calculate the national average energy
consumption, EN, in kWh/day, using one of the following
equations:
EN = 0.523 x E60 + 0.165 x E65 +
0.181 x E75 + 0.131 x E80, for units
not tested under 5.4.2.4,
EN = 0.257 x E30 + 0.266 x E50 +
0.165 x E65 + 0.181 x E75 + 0.131
x E80, for units tested under 5.4.2.4,
where,
E30, E50, and E60 are defined in 6.3.3,
E65, E75, and E80 are defined in 6.3.5,
and
the coefficients are weather associated weighting factors.
6.3.7 Regional average per cycle energy consumption. If regional
average per cycle energy consumption is required to be calculated, for a
given setting of the anti-sweat heater, calculate the regional average
per cycle energy consumption, ER, in kWh/day, for the regions
in figure 1 using one of the following equations and the coefficients in
the table A:
ER = a1 x E60 + c x E65
+ d x E75 + e x E80, for a unit that
is not required to be tested under 5.4.2.4,
ER = a x E30 + b x E50 + c x
E65 + d x E75 + e x E80,
for a unit tested under 5.4.2.4,
where:
E30, E50, and E60 are defined in 6.3.3,
E65, E75, and E80 are defined in 6.3.5,
and
a1, a, b, c, d, e are weather associated weighting factors
for the Regions, as specified in Table A:
[[Page 135]]
Table A.--Coefficients for Calculating Regional Average per Cycle Energy Consumption
[Weighting Factors]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regions a1 a b c d e
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I......................................................... 0.282 0.039 0.244 0.194 0.326 0.198
II........................................................ 0.486 0.194 0.293 0.191 0.193 0.129
III....................................................... 0.584 0.302 0.282 0.178 0.159 0.079
IV........................................................ 0.664 0.420 0.244 0.161 0.121 0.055
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR09SE97.000
[47 FR 34526, Aug. 10, 1982; 48 FR 13013, Mar. 29, 1983, as amended at
54 FR 36240, Aug. 31, 1989; 54 FR 38788, Sept. 20, 1989; 62 FR 47539,
47540, Sept. 9, 1997]
Appendix B1 to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Freezers
1. Definitions.
1.1 ``HRF-1-1979'' means the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers standard for household refrigerators, combination
refrigerators-freezers, and household freezers, also approved as an
American National Standard as a revision of ANSI B38.1-1970.
1.2 ``Anti-sweat heater'' means a device incorporated into the
design of a freezer to prevent the accumulation of moisture on exterior
surfaces of the cabinet under conditions of high ambient humidity.
1.3 ``Cycle'' means the period of 24 hours for which the energy use
of a freezer is calculated as though the consumer-activated compartment
temperature controls were preset so that the desired compartment
temperatures were maintained.
1.4 ``Cycle type'' means the set of test conditions having the
calculated effect of operating a freezer for a period of 24 hours with
the consumer-activated controls other than the compartment temperature
control set to establish various operating characteristics.
1.5 ``Standard cycle'' means the cycle type in which the anti-sweat
heater switch, when provided, is set in the highest energy consuming
position.
1.6 ``Adjusted total volume'' means the product of, (1) the freezer
volume as defined in HRF-1-1979 in cubic feet, times (2) an adjustment
factor.
1.7 ``Automatic Defrost'' means a system in which the defrost cycle
is automatically
[[Page 136]]
initiated and terminated, with resumption of normal refrigeration at the
conclusion of defrost operation. The system automatically prevents the
permanent formation of frost on all refrigerated surfaces. Nominal
refrigerated food temperatures are maintained during the operation of
the automatic defrost system.
1.8 ``Long-time Automatic Defrost'' means an automatic defrost
system where successive defrost cycles are separated by 14 hours or more
of compressor-operating time.
1.9 ``Stabilization Period'' means the total period of time during
which steady-state conditions are being attained or evaluated.
1.10 ``Variable defrost control'' means a long-time automatic
defrost system (except the 14-hour defrost qualification does not apply)
where successive defrost cycles are determined by an operating condition
variable or variables other than solely compressor operating time. This
includes any electrical or mechanical device. Demand defrost is a type
of variable defrost control.
1.11 ``Quick freeze'' means an optional feature on freezers which
is initiated manually and shut off manually. It bypasses the thermostat
control and places the compressor in a steady-state operating condition
until it is shut off.
2. Test Conditions.
2.1 Ambient temperature. The ambient temperature shall be
90.01.0 deg.F. (32.20.6 deg.C.) during the
stabilization period and during the test period. The ambient temperature
shall be 802 deg.F dry bulb and 67 deg.F wet bulb during
the stabilization period and during the test period when the unit is
tested in accordance with section 3.3.
2.2 Operational conditions. The freezer shall be installed and its
operating conditions maintained in accordance with HRF-1-1979, section
7.2 through section 7.4.3.3, except that the vertical ambient gradient
at locations 10 inches (25.4 cm) out from the the centers of the two
sides of the unit being tested is to be maintained during the test.
Unless the area is obstructed by shields or baffles, the gradient is to
be maintained from 2 inches (5.1 cm) above the floor or supporting
platform to a height one foot (30.5 cm) above the unit under test.
Defrost controls are to be operative and the anti-sweat heater switch is
to be ``on'' during one test and ``off'' during a second test. The quick
freeze option shall be switched off unless specified.
2.3 Steady State Condition. Steady state conditions exist if the
temperature measurements taken at four minute intervals or less during a
stabilization period are not changing at a rate greater than 0.042
deg.F. (0.023 deg.C.) per hour as determined by the applicable
condition of A or B.
A--The average of the measurements during a two hour period if no
cycling occurs or during a number of complete repetitive
compressor cycles through a period of no less than two hours
is compared to the average over an equivalent time period with
three hours elapsed between the two measurement periods.
B--If A above cannot be used, the average of the measurements during a
number of complete repetitive compressor cycles through a
period of no less than two hours and including the last
complete cycle prior to a defrost period, or if no cycling
occurs, the average of the measurements during the last two
hours prior to a defrost period; are compared to the same
averaging period prior to the following defrost period.
3. Test Control Settings.
3.1 Model with no user operable temperature control. A test shall
be performed during which the compartment temperature and energy use
shall be measured. A second test shall be performed with the temperature
control electrically short circuited to cause the compressor to run
continuously. If the model has the quick freeze option, it is to be used
to bypass the temperature control.
3.2 Model with user operable temperature control. Testing shall be
performed in accordance with one of the following sections using the
standardized temperature of 0.0 deg.F. (-17.8 deg.C.). Variable
defrost control models shall achieve 02 deg.F during the
steady-state conditions prior to the optional test with no door
openings.
3.2.1 A first test shall be performed with all temperature controls
set at their median position midway between their warmest and coldest
settings. Knob detents shall be mechanically defeated if necessary to
attain a median setting. A second test shall be performed with all
controls set at either their warmest or their coldest setting (not
electrically or mechanically bypassed), whichever is appropriate, to
attempt to achieve compartment temperatures measured during the two
tests which bound (i.e., one is above and one is below) the standardized
temperature. If the compartment temperatures measured during these two
tests bound the standardized temperature, then these test results shall
be used to determine energy consumption. If the compartment temperature
measured with all controls set at their coldest setting is above the
standardized temperature, a third test shall be performed with all
controls set at their warmest setting and the result of this test shall
be used with the result of the test performed with all controls set at
their coldest setting to determine energy consumption. If the
compartment temperature measured with all controls set at their warmest
setting is below
[[Page 137]]
the standardized temperature; then the result of this test alone will be
used to determine energy consumption.
3.2.2 Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all
temperature controls set at their warmest setting. If the compartment
temperature is below the standardized temperature, then the result of
this test alone will be used to determine energy consumption. If the
above condition is not met, then the unit shall be tested in accordance
with 3.2.1 above.
3.2.3 Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all
temperature controls set at their coldest setting. If the compartment
temperature is above the standardized temperature, a second test shall
be performed with all controls set at their warmest setting and the
results of these two tests shall be used to determine energy
consumption. If the above condition is not met, then the unit shall be
tested in accordance with 3.2.1 above.
3.3 Variable defrost control optional test. After a steady-state
condition is achieved, the door-opening sequence is initiated with an
182 second freezer door-opening occurring every eight hours
to obtain three door-openings per 24-hour period. The first freezer
door-opening shall occur at the initiation of the test period. The
door(s) are to be opened 60 to 90 deg.with an average velocity for the
leading edge of the door of approximately two feet per second. Prior to
the initiation of the door-opening sequence, the freezer defrost control
mechanism may be re-initiated in order to minimize the test duration.
4. Test Period.
4.1 Test Period. Tests shall be performed by establishing the
conditions set forth in Section 2 and using control settings as set
forth in Section 3 above.
4.1.1 Nonautomatic Defrost. If the model being tested has no
automatic defrost system, the test time period shall start after steady
state conditions have been achieved, and be of not less than three
hours' duration. During the test period the compressor motor shall
complete two or more whole cycles (a compressor cycle is a complete
``on'' and a complete ``off'' period of the motor). If no ``off''
cycling will occur, as determined during the stabilization period, the
test period shall be three hours. If incomplete cycling (less than two
compressor cycles) occurs during a 24 hour period, the results of the 24
hour period shall be used.
4.1.2 Automatic Defrost. If the model being tested has an automatic
defrost system, the test time period shall start after steady state
conditions have been achieved and be from one point during a defrost
period to the same point during the next defrost period. If the model
being tested has a long-time automatic defrost system, the alternate
provisions of 4.1.2.1 may be used. If the model being tested has a
variable defrost control the provisions of 4.1.2.2. shall apply.
4.1.2.1 Long-time Automatic Defrost. If the model being tested has
a long-time automatic defrost system, the test time period may consist
of two parts. A first part would be the same as the test for a unit
having no defrost provisions (section 4.1.1). The second part would
start when a defrost period is initiated during a compressor ``on''
cycle and terminate at the second turn ``on'' of the compressor motor or
after four hours, whichever comes first.
4.1.2.2 Variable defrost control. If the model being tested has a
variable defrost control system, the test shall consist of three parts.
Two parts shall be the same as the test for long-time automatic defrost
in accordance with section 4.1.2.1 above. The third part is the optional
test to determine the time between defrosts (5.2.1.3). The third part is
used by manufacturers that choose not to accept the default value of F
of 0.20, to calculate CT.
4.1.2.3 Variable defrost control optional test. After steady-state
conditions with no door-openings are achieved in accordance with section
3.3 above, the test is continued using the above daily door-opening
sequence until stabilized operation is achieved. Stabilization is
defined as a minimum of three consecutive defrost cycles with times
between defrost that will allow the calculation of a Mean Time Between
Defrosts (MTBD1) that satisfies the statistical relationship of 90
percent confidence. The test is repeated on at least one more unit of
the model and until the Mean Time Between Defrosts for the multiple unit
test (MTBD2) satisfies the statistical relationship. If the time between
defrosts is greater than 96 hours (compressor ``on'' time) and this
defrost period can be repeated on a second unit, the test may be
terminated at 96 hours (CT) and the absolute time value used for MTBD
for each unit.
5. Test Measurements.
5.1 Temperature Measurements. Temperature measurements shall be
made at the locations prescribed in Figure 7-2 of HRF-1-1979 and shall
be accurate to within 0.5 deg.F. (0.3 deg.C.) of true
value.
5.1.1 Measured Temperature. The measured temperature is to be the
average of all sensor temperature readings taken at a particular time.
Measurements shall be taken at regular intervals not to exceed four
minutes.
5.1.2 Compartment Temperature. The compartment temperature for each
test period shall be an average of the measured temperatures taken
during a complete cycle or several complete cycles of the compressor
motor (one compressor cycle is one complete motor ``on'' and one
complete motor ``off'' period). For long-time automatic defrost models,
compartment temperature shall be
[[Page 138]]
that measured in the first part of the test period specified in 4.1.1.
For models equipped with variable defrost controls, compartment
temperatures shall be those measured in the first part of the test
period specified in 4.1.2.2.
5.1.2.1 The number of complete compressor motor cycles over which
the measured temperatures in a compartment are to be averaged to
determine compartment temperature shall be equal to the number of
minutes between measured temperature readings rounded up to the next
whole minute or a number of complete cycles over a time period exceeding
one hour. One of the cycles shall be the last complete compressor motor
cycles during the test period.
5.1.2.2 If no compressor motor cycling occurs, the compartment
temperature shall be the average of the measured temperatures taken
during the last thirty-two minutes of the test period.
5.1.2.3 If incomplete cycling occurs (less than one cycle) the
compartment temperature shall be the average of all readings taken
during the last three hours of the last complete ``on'' period.
5.2 Energy Measurements:
5.2.1 Per-day Energy Consumption. The energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per day for each test period shall be the energy expended
during the test period as specified in section 4.1 adjusted to a 24 hour
period.
The adjustment shall be determined as follows:
5.2.1.1 Nonautomatic and automatic defrost models. The energy
consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=(EP x 1440 x K)/T where
ET=test cycle energy expended in kilowatt-hours per day,
EP=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the test period.
T=length of time of the test period in minutes,
1440=conversion factor to adjust to a 24 hour period in minutes per day,
and
K=correction factor of 0.7 for chest freezers and 0.85 for upright
freezers to adjust for average household usage, dimensionless.
5.2.1.2 Long-time Automatic Defrost. If the two part test method is
used, the energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be
calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x K x EP1/T1) + ((EP2-(EP1 x T2/T1)) x K x 12/CT)
where
ET, 1440, and K are defined in 5.2.1.1
EP1=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the first part of the test.
EP2=energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second part of the
test,
CT=Defrost timer run time in hours required to cause it to go through a
complete cycle, to the nearest tenth hour per cycle,
12=conversion factor to adjust for a 50% run time of the compressor in
hours per day, and
T1 and T2=length of time in minutes of the first and second test parts
respectively.
5.2.1.3 Variable defrost control. The energy consumption in
kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
ET=(1440 x EP1/T1) + (EP2 - (EP1 x T2/T1) x (12/CT) where 1440 is
defined in 5.2.1.1 and EP1, EP2, T1, T2 and 12 are defined in
5.2.1.2.
CT=(CTL x CTM)/(Fx (CTM -
CTL) + CTL)
where:
CTL=least or shortest time between defrost in tenths of an
hour (greater than or equal to 6 hours but less than or equal
to 12 hours, 6 L 12)
CTM=maximum time between defrost cycles in tenths of an hour
(greater than CTL but not more than 96 hours,
CTL CTM 96)
F=ratio of per day energy consumption in excess of the least energy and
the maximum difference in per day energy consumption and is
equal to
F=(1/CT - 1/CTM)/(1/CTL - 1/CTM) = (ET
- ETL)/(ETM - ETL) or 0.20 in
lieu of testing to find CT
ETL=least electrical energy consumed, in kilowatt hours
ETM=maximum electrical energy consumed, in kilowatt hours
For demand defrost models with no values for CTL and
CTM in the algorithm the default values of 12 and 84 shall be
used, respectively.
5.2.1.4 Variable defrost control optional test. Perform the optional
test for variable defrost control models to find CT.
CT=MTBD x 0.5
MTBD=mean time between defrost
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC14NO91.028
X=time between defrost cycles
N=number of defrost cycles
5.3 Volume measurements. The total refrigerated volume, VT, shall
be measured in accordance with HRF-1-1979, section 3.20 and section 5.1
through 5.3.
6. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements.
6.1 Adjusted Total Volume. The adjusted total volume, VA, for
freezers under test shall be defined as:
VA=VT x CF
where
VA=adjusted total volume in cubic feet,
VT=total refrigerated volume in cubic feet, and
CF=Correction factor of 1.73, dimensionless.
[[Page 139]]
6.2 Average Per Cycle Energy Consumption:
6.2.1 The average per-cycle energy consumption for a cycle type is
expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle to the nearest one hundredth
(0.01) kilowatt-hour and shall depend upon the compartment temperature
attainable as shown below.
6.2.1.1 If the compartment temperature is always below 0.0 deg.F.
(-17.8 deg.C.), the average per-cycle energy consumption shall be
equivalent to:
E=ET1
where
E=Total per-cycle energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day.
ET is defined in 5.2.1, and
Number 1 indicates the test period during which the highest compartment
temperature is measured.
6.2.1.2 If one of the compartment temperatures measured for a test
period is greater than 0.0 deg.F. (17.8 deg.C.), the average per-cycle
energy consumption shall be equivalent to:
E=ET1+((ET2-ET1) x (0.0-TF1)/(TF2-TF1))
where
E is defined in 6.2.1.1
ET is defined in 5.2.1
TF=compartment temperature determined according to 5.1.2 in degrees F.
Numbers 1 and 2 indicate measurements taken during the first and second
test period as appropriate, and
0.0=Standardized compartment temperature in degrees F.
[47 FR 34528, Aug. 10, 1982; 48 FR 13013, Mar. 29, 1983, as amended at
54 FR 36241, Aug. 31, 1989; 54 FR 38788, Sept. 20, 1989]
Appendix C to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Dishwashers
1. Definitions: 1.1 ``Cycle'' means a sequence of operations of a
dishwasher which performs a complete dishwashing operation, and may
include variations or combinations of the functions of washing, rinsing
and drying.
1.2 ``Cycle type'' means any complete sequence of operations capable
of being preset on the dishwasher prior to the initiation of machine
operation.
1.3 ``Normal cycle'' means the cycle type recommended by the
manufacturer for completely washing a full load of normally soiled
dishes including the power-dry feature.
1.4 ``Power-dry feature'' means that function in a cycle in which
electrically generated heat is introduced into the washing chamber for
the purpose of improving the drying performance of the dishwasher.
1.5 ``Truncated normal cycle'' means the normal cycle interrupted to
eliminate the power-dry feature after the termination of the last rinse
operation.
1.6 ``Water Heating Dishwasher'' means a dishwasher which is
designed for hearing cold inlet water (nominal 50 deg.F) or a
dishwasher for which the manufacturer recommends operation with a
nominal inlet water temperature of 120 deg.F, and may operate at either
of these inlet water temperatures by providing internal water heating to
above 120 deg.F in at least one wash phase of the normal cycle.
2. Testing conditions: 2.1 Installation. Install the dishwasher in
accordance with the manufacturer's instruction, except that undercounter
dishwashers need not be installed under a counter.
2.2 Electrical supply.
2.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with an electrical supply of 115
volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher within two
percent of 115 volts and within one percent of the nameplate frequency
as specified by the manufacturer.
2.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with an electricial supply of 240
volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher within two
percent of 240 volts and within one percent of its nameplate frequency
as specified by the manufacturer.
2.3 Water temperature.
2.3.1 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 140 deg.F inlet water
temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 135 deg.F
and 145 deg.F.
2.3.2 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 120 deg.F inlet water
temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 118 deg.F
and 122 deg.F.
2.3.3 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 50 deg.F inlet water
temperature. Maintain the water supply temperature between 48 deg.F and
52 deg.F.
2.4 Water pressure. Maintain the pressure of the water supply
between 32.5 and 37.5 pounds per square inch.
2.5 Ambient and machine temperature. Maintain the room ambient air
temperature between 70 deg.F and 85 deg.F, and assure that the
dishwasher and the test load are at room ambient temperature at the
start of each test cycle.
2.6 Load.
2.6.1 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal 140 deg.F inlet water
temperature. The dishwasher shall be tested on the normal cycle and the
truncated normal cycle without a test load.
2.6.2 Dishwashers to be tested at a nominal inlet water temperature
of 50 deg.F or 120 deg.F. The dishwasher shall be tested or normal
cycle and the truncated normal cycle with a test load of eight place
settings plus six serving pieces as specified in section 6.1.1 of AHAM
Standard DW-1. If the capacity of the dishwasher, as stated by the
manufacturer, is less than eight place setting then the test load shall
be that capacity.
2.7 Testing requirements. Provisions in this Appendix pertaining to
dishwashers which operate with a nominal inlet temperature of
[[Page 140]]
50 deg.F or 120 deg.F shall apply only to water heating dishwashers.
3. Test cycle and measurements.
3.1 Test cycle. Perform a test cycle by establishing the testing
conditions set forth in 2 of this Appendix, setting the dishwasher to
the cycle type to be tested, initiating the cycle and allowing the cycle
to proceed to completion.
3.2 Machine electrical energy consumption.
3.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet
water temperature, only. Measure the machine electrical energy
consumption, M, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours of electrical
energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply
temperature as set forth in 2.3.1 of this Appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour
meter having a resolution no larger than 0.001 kilowatt hours and a
maximum error no greater than one percent.
3.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. Measure the machine electrical energy
consumption, M, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours of electrical
energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply
temperature as set forth in 2.3.2 of this Appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour
meter having a resolution no larger than 0.001 kilowatt-hours and a
maximum error no greater than one percent.
3.2.3 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 50 deg.F. Measure the machine electrical energy
consumption, M, specified as the number of kilowatt-hours of electrical
energy consumed during the entire test cycle using a water supply
temperature as set forth in 2.3.3 of this appendix. Use a kilowatt-hour
meter having a resolution no longer than 0.001 kilowatt-hours and a
maximum error no greater than one percent.
3.3 Water consumption. Measure the water consumption specified as
the number of gallons delivered to the dishwasher during the entire test
cycle, using a water meter having a resolution no larger than 0.1 gallon
and a maximum error no greater than 1.5 percent for all water flow rates
from one to five gallons per minute and for all water temperatures
encountered in the test cycle.
3.4 Report values. State the reported values of machine electrical
energy consumption and water consumption as measured.
4. Calculation of derived results from test measurements: 4.1 Per-
cycle water energy consumption using electrically heated water.
4.1.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet water
temperature, only. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per-cycle
water energy consumption using electrically heated water, We, expressed
in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
We=V x T x K,
where
V=reported water consumption in gallons per cycle for the cycle type
under test.
T=nominal water heater temperature rise=90 deg.F.
K=specific heat of water in kilowatt-hours per gallon per degree
Fahrenheit=0.00240.
4.1.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. Calculate for the cycle type under test the
per cycle water energy consumption using electrically heated water, We,
expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
We=V x T' x K
where
V and K are defined in 4.1.1 of this Appendix and T'=nominal water
heated temperature rise=70 deg.F.
4.2 Per cycle water energy consumption using gas-heated or oil-
heated water.
4.2.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet water
temperature, only. Calculate for the cycle type under test the per cycle
water energy consumption using gas-heated or oil-heated water, We,
expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Wg=V x T x C/e.
where
V and T are defined in 4.1.1 of this Appendix, and
C=specific heat of water in Btu's per gallon per degree fahrenheit=8.20
e=nominal gas or oil water heater recovery efficiency=0.75.
4.2.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. Calculate for the cycle type under test the
per cycle water energy consumption using gas-heated or oil-heated water,
Wg, expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Wg=V x T' x C/e
where
V and T' are defined in 4.1.2 of this Appendix, and C and e are defined
in 4.2.1 of this Appendix.
4.3 Per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption.
4.3.1 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal 140 deg.F inlet
water temperature, only. Use the measured value recorded in 3.2.1 as the
per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, M, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per cycle.
4.3.2 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 120 deg.F. Use the measured value recorded in 3.2.2 as
the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, M, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per cycle.
4.3.3 Dishwashers that operate with a nominal inlet water
temperature of 50 deg.F. Use the measured value recorded at 3.2.3 as
the per-cycle machine electrical consumption, M, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per-cycle.
4.4 Total per-cycle energy consumption. Calculate for the cycle
type under test the total per-cycle energy consumption, E, expressed in
kilowatt-hours per cycle, and defined as
[[Page 141]]
the sum of the per-cycle machine electrical energy consumption, M, plus
the per-cycle water energy consumption of electrically-heated water, W,
calculated for the cycle type, determined according to 4.3 and 4.1
respectively.
[48 FR 9206, Mar. 3, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 46536, Nov. 27, 1984; 49
FR 47479, Dec. 5, 1984; 52 FR 47551, Dec. 15, 1987]
Appendix D to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Clothes Dryers
1. definitions
1.1 ``AHAM'' means the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers.
1.2 ``Bone dry'' means a condition of a load of test clothes which
has been dried in a dryer at maximum temperature for a minimum of 10
minutes, removed and weighed before cool down, and then dried again for
10-minute periods until the final weight change of the load is 1 percent
or less.
1.3 ``Compact'' or compact size'' means a clothes dryer with a drum
capacity of less than 4.4 cubic feet.
1.4 ``Cool down'' means that portion of the clothes drying cycle
when the added gas or electric heat is terminated and the clothes
continue to tumble and dry within the drum.
1.5 ``Cycle'' means a sequence of operation of a clothes dryer
which performs a clothes drying operation, and may include variations or
combinations of the functions of heating, tumbling and drying.
1.6 ``Drum capacity'' means the volume of the drying drum in cubic
feet.
1.7 ``HLD-1'' means the test standard promulgated by AHAM and
titled ``AHAM Performance Evaluation Procedure for Household Tumble Type
Clothes Dryers'', June 1974, and designated as HLD-1.
1.8 ``HLD-2EC'' means the test standard promulgated by AHAM and
titled ``Test Method for Measuring Energy Consumption of Household
Tumble Type Clothes Dryers,'' December 1975, and designated as HLD-2EC.
1.9 ``Standard size'' means a clothes dryer with a drum capacity of
4.4 cubic feet or greater.
1.10 ``Moisture content'' means the ratio of the weight of water
contained by the test load to the bone-dry weight of the test load,
expressed as a percent.
1.11 ``Automatic termination control'' means a dryer control system
with a sensor which monitors either the dryer load temperature or its
moisture content and with a controller which automatically terminates
the drying process. A mark or detent which indicates a preferred
automatic termination control setting must be present if the dryer is to
be classified as having an ``automatic termination control.'' A mark is
a visible single control setting on one or more dryer controls.
1.12 ``Temperature sensing control'' means a system which monitors
dryer exhaust air temperature and automatically terminates the dryer
cycle.
1.13 ``Moisture sensing control'' means a system which utilizes a
moisture sensing element within the dryer drum that monitors the amount
of moisture in the clothes and automatically terminates the dryer cycle.
2. testing conditions
2.1 Installation. Install the clothes dryer in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions. The dryer exhaust shall be restricted by
adding the AHAM exhaust simulator described in 3.3.5 of HLD-1. All
external joints should be taped to avoid air leakage. Disconnect all
console light or other lighting systems on the clothes dryer which do
not consume more than 10 watts during the clothes dryer test cycle.
2.2 Ambient temperature and humidity. Maintain the room ambient air
temperature at 75 plus-minus3 deg.F and the room relative
humidity at 50plus-minus10 percent relative humidity.
2.3 Energy supply.
2.3.1 Electrical supply. Maintain the electrical supply at the
clothes dryer terminal block within 1 percent of 120/240 or 120/208Y or
120 volts as applicable to the particular terminal block wiring system
and within 1 percent of the nameplate frequency as specified by the
manufacturer. If the dryer has a dual voltage conversion capability,
conduct test at the highest voltage specified by the manufacturer.
2.3.2 Gas supply.
2.3.2.1 Natural gas. Maintains the gas supply to the clothes dryer
at a normal inlet test pressure immediately ahead of all controls at 7
to 10 inches of water column. If the clothes dryer is equipped with a
gas appliance pressure regulator, the regulator outlet pressure at the
normal test pressure shall be approximately that recommended by the
manufacturer. The hourly Btu rating of the burner shall be maintained
within plus-minus5 percent of the rating specified by the
manufacturer. The natural gas supplied should have a heating value of
approximately 1,025 Btu's per standard cubic foot. The actual heating
value, Hn2, in Btu's per standard cubic foot, for the natural
gas to be used in the test shall be obtained either from measurements
made by the manufacturer conducting the test using a standard continuous
flow calorimeter as described in 2.4.6 or by the purchase of bottled
natural gas whose Btu rating is certified to be at least as accurate a
rating as could be obtained from measurements with a standard continuous
flow calorimeter as described in 2.4.6.
2.3.2.2 Propane gas. Maintain the gas supply to the clothes dryer
at a normal inlet
[[Page 142]]
test pressure immediately ahead of all controls at 11 to 13 inches of
water column. If the clothes dryer is equipped with a gas appliance
pressure regulator, the regulator outlet pressure at the normal test
pressure shall be approximately that recommended by the manufacturer.
The hourly Btu rating of the burner shall be maintained within
plus-minus5 percent of the rating specified by the
manufacturer. The propane gas supplied should have a heating value of
approximately 2,500 Btu's per standard cubic foot. The actual heating
value, Hp, in Btu's per standard cubic foot, for the propane
gas to be used in the test shall be obtained either from measurements
made by the manufacturer conducting the test using a standard continuous
flow calorimeter as described in 2.4.6 or by the purchase of bottled gas
whose Btu rating is certified to be at least as accurate a rating as
could be obtained from measurement with a standard continuous
calorimeter as described in 2.4.6.
2.4 Instrumentation. Perform all test measurements using the
following instruments as appropriate.
2.4.1 Weighing scale for test cloth. The scale shall have a range
of 0 to a maximum of 30 pounds with a resolution of at least 0.2 ounces
and a maximum error no greater than 0.3 percent of any measured value
within the range of 3 to 15 pounds.
2.4.1.2 Weighing scale for drum capacity measurements. The scale
should have a range of 0 to a maximum of 500 pounds with resolution of
0.50 pounds and a maximum error no greater than 0.5 percent of the
measured value.
2.4.2 Kilowatt-hour meter. The kilowatt-hour meter shall have a
resolution of 0.001 kilowatt-hours and a maximum error no greater than
0.5 percent of the measured value.
2.4.3 Gas meter. The gas meter shall have a resolution of 0.001
cubic feet and a maximum error no greater than 0.5 percent of the
measured value.
2.4.4 Dry and wet bulb psychrometer. The dry and wet bulb
psychrometer shall have an error no greater than plus-minus1
deg.F.
2.4.5 Temperature. The temperature sensor shall have an error no
greater than plus-minus1 deg.F.
2.4.6 Standard Continuous Flow Calorimeter. The Calorimeter shall
have an operating range of 750 to 3,500 Btu per cubic feet. The maximum
error of the basic calorimeter shall be no greater than 0.2 percent of
the actual heating value of the gas used in the test. The indicator
readout shall have a maximum error no greater than 0.5 percent of the
measured value within the operating range and a resolution of 0.2
percent of the full scale reading of the indicator instrument.
2.5 Lint trap. Clean the lint trap thoroughly before each test run.
2.6 Test cloths.
2.6.1 Energy test cloth. The energy test cloth shall be clean and
consist of the following:
(a) Pure finished bleached cloth, made with a momie or granite
weave, which is a blended fabric of 50 percent cotton and 50 percent
polyester and weighs within +10 percent of 5.75 ounces per square yard
after test cloth preconditioning and has 65 ends on the warp and 57
picks on the fill. The individual warp and fill yarns are a blend of 50
percent cotton and 50 percent polyester fibers.
(b) Cloth material that is 24 inches by 36 inches and has been
hemmed to 22 inches by 34 inches before washing. The maximum shrinkage
after five washes shall not be more than four percent on the length and
width.
(c) The number of test runs on the same energy test cloth shall not
exceed 25 runs.
2.6.2 Energy stuffer cloths. The energy stuffer cloths shall be
made from energy test cloth material and shall consist of pieces of
material that are 12 inches by 12 inches and have been hemmed to 10
inches by 10 inches before washing. The maximum shrinkage after five
washes shall not be more than four percent on the length and width. The
number of test runs on the same energy stuffer cloth shall not exceed 25
runs after test cloth preconditioning.
2.6.3 Test Cloth Preconditioning.
A new test cloth load and energy stuffer cloths shall be treated as
follows:
(1) Bone dry the load to a weight change of plus-minus1
percent, or less, as prescribed in Section 1.2.
(2) Place test cloth load in a standard clothes washer set at the
maximum water fill level. Wash the load for 10 minutes in soft water (17
parts per million hardness or less), using 6.0 grams of AHAM Standard
Test Detergent, IIA, per gallon of water. Wash water temperature is to
controlled at 140 deg.plus-minus5 deg.F
(60 deg.plus-minus2.7 deg.C). Rinse water temperature is to
be controlled at 100 deg.plus-minus5 deg.F
(37.7plus-minus2.7 deg.C).
(3) Rinse the load again at the same water temperature.
(4) Bone dry the load as prescribed in Section 1.2 and weigh the
load.
(5) This procedure is repeated until there is a weight change of one
percent or less.
(6) A final cycle is to be a hot water wash with no detergent,
followed by two warm water rinses.
2.7 Test loads.
2.7.1 Compact size dryer load. Prepare a bone-dry test load of
energy cloths which weighs 3.00 pounds plus-minus.03 pounds.
Adjustments to the test load to achieve the proper weight can be made by
the use of energy stuffer cloths, with no more than five stuffer cloths
per load. Dampen the load by agitating it in water whose temperature is
100 deg.plus-minus5 deg.F and consists of 0 to 17 parts per
million hardness for approximately two minutes in order to saturate the
fabric. Then, extract water from
[[Page 143]]
the wet test load by spinning the load until the moisture content of the
load is between 66.5 percent to 73.5 percent of the bone-dry weight of
the test load.
2.7.2 Standard size dryer load. Prepare a bone-dry test load of
energy cloths which weighs 7.00 pounds plus-minus.07 pounds.
Adjustments to the test load to achieve the proper weight can be made by
the use of energy stuffer cloths, with no more than five stuffer cloths
per load. Dampen the load by agitating it in water whose temperature is
100 deg.plus-minus5 deg.F and consists of 0 to 17 parts per
million hardness for approximately two minutes in order to saturate the
fabric. Then, extract water from the wet test load by spinning the load
until the moisture content of the load is between 66.5 percent to 73.5
percent of the bone-dry weight of the test load.
2.7.3 Method of loading. Load the energy test cloths by grasping
them in the center, shaking them to hang loosely and then dropping them
in the dryer at random.
2.8 Clothes dryer preconditioning. Before any test cycle, operate
the dryer without a test load in the non-heat mode for 15 minutes or
until the discharge air temperature is varying less than 1 deg.F for 10
minutes, which ever is longer, in the test installation location with
the ambient conditions within the specified rest condition tolerances of
2.2.
3. test procedures and measurements
3.1 Drum capacity. Measure the drum capacity by sealing all
openings in the drum except the loading port with a plastic bag, and
ensure that all corners and depressions are filled and that there are no
extrusions of the plastic bag through the opening in the drum. Support
the dryer's rear drum surface on a platform scale to prevent deflection
of the dryer, and record the weight of the empty dryer. Fill the drum
with water to a level determined by the intersection of the door plane
and the loading port. Record the temperature of the water and then the
weight of the dryer with the added water and then determine the mass of
the water in pounds. Add or subtract the appropriate volume depending on
whether or not the plastic bag protrudes into the drum interior. The
drum capacity is calculated as follows:
C=w/d
C= capacity in cubic feet.
w= weight of water in pounds.
d= density of water at the measured temperature in pounds per cubic
feet.
3.2 Dryer loading. Load the dryer as specified in 2.7.
3.3 Test cycle. Operate the clothes dryer at the maximum
temperature setting and, if equipped with a timer, at the maximum time
setting and dry the test load until the moisture content of the test
load is between 2.5 percent to 5.0 percent of the bone-dry weight of the
test load, but do not permit the dryer to advance into cool down. If
required, reset the timer or automatic dry control.
3.4 Data recording. Record for each test cycle:
3.4.1 Bone-dry weight of the test load described in 2.7.
3.4.2 Moisture content of the wet test load before the test, as
described in 2.7.
3.4.3 Moisture content of the dry test load obtained after the test
described in 3.3.
3.4.4 Test room conditions, temperature and percent relative
humidity described in 2.2.
3.4.5 For electric dryers--the total kilowatt-hours of electric
energy, Et, consumed during the test described in 3.3.
3.4.6 For gas dryers:
3.4.6.1 Total kilowatt-hours of electrical energy, Ete,
consumed during the test described in 3.3.
3.4.6.2 Cubic feet of gas per cycle, Etg, consumed
during the test described in 3.3.
3.4.6.3 On gas dryers using a continuously burning pilot light--the
cubic feet of gas, Epg, consumed by the gas pilot light in
one hour.
3.4.6.4 Correct the gas heating value, GEF, as measured in 2.3.2.1
and 2.3.2.2, to standard pressure and temperature conditions in
accordance with U.S. Bureau of Standards, circular C417, 1938. A sample
calculation is illustrated in Appendix E of HLD-1.
3.5 Test for automatic termination field use factor credits. Credit
for automatic termination can be claimed for those dryers which meet the
requirements for either temperature-sensing control, 1.12, or moisture
sensing control, 1.13, and having present the appropriate mark or detent
feed defined in 1.11.
4. calculation of derived results from test measurements
4.1 Total per-cycle electric dryer energy consumption. Calculate
the total electric dryer energy consumption per cycle, Ece
expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
Ece=[66/Ww-Wd)] x Ett x FU
Et=the energy recorded in 3.4.5.
66=an experimentally established value for the percent reduction in
the moisture content of the test load during a laboratory test cycle
expressed as a percent.
FU=Field use factor.
=1.18 for time termination control systems.
=1.04 for automatic control systems which meet the requirements of
the definitions for automatic termination controls in 1.11.1, 1.12 and
1.13.
Ww=the moisture content of the wet test load as recorded
in 3.4.2.
Wd=the moisture content of the dry test load as recorded
in 3.4.3.
4.2 Per-cycle gas dryer electrical energy consumption. Calculate
the gas dryer electrical
[[Page 144]]
energy consumption per cycle, Ege, expressed in kilowatt-
hours per cycle and defined as:
Ege=[66/(Ww-Wd)] x Ete x FU
Ete=the energy recorded in 3.4.6.1
FU, 66, Ww, Wd as defined in 4.1
4.3 Per-cycle gas dryer gas energy consumption. Calculate the gas
dryer gas energy consumption per cycle, Ege. expressed in
Btu's per cycle as defined as:
Egg=[66/(Ww-Wd)] x Etg x FU x GEF
Etg=the energy recorded in 3.4.6.2
GEF=corrected gas heat value (Btu per cubic feet) as defined in
3.4.6.4
FU, 66, Ww Wd as defined in 4.1
4.4 Per-cycle gas dryer continuously burning pilot light gas energy
consumption. Calculate the gas dryer continuously burning pilot light
gas energy consumption per cycle, Eup expressed in Btu's per
cycle and defined as:
Eup=Epg x (8760-140/416) x GEF
Epg=the energy recorded in 3.4.6.3
8760=number of hours in a year
416=representative average number of clothes dryer cycles in a year
140=estimated number of hours that the continuously burning pilot
light is on during the operation of the clothes dryer for the
representative average use cycle for clothes dryers (416 cycles per
year)
GEF as defined in 4.3
4.5 Total per-cycle gas dryer gas energy consumption expressed in
Btu's. Calculate the total gas dryer energy consumption per cycle,
Eg, expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Eg=Egg+Eup
Egg as defined in 4.3
Eup as defined in 4.4
4.6 Total per-cycle gas dryer energy consumption expressed in
kilowatt-hours. Calculate the total gas dryer energy consumption per
cycle, Ecg, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined
as:
Ecg=Ege+(Eg/3412 Btu/k Wh)
Ege as defined in 4.2
Eg as defined in 4.5
[46 FR 27326, May 19, 1981]
Appendix E to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Water Heaters
1. Definitions
1.1 Cut-in means the time when or water temperature at which a
water heater control or thermostat acts to increase the energy or fuel
input to the heating elements, compressor, or burner.
1.2 Cut-out means the time when or water temperature at which a
water heater control or thermostat acts to reduce to a minimum the
energy or fuel input to the heating elements, compressor, or burner.
1.3 Design Power Rating means the nominal power rating that a water
heater manufacturer assigns to a particular design of water heater,
expressed in kilowatts or Btu (kJ) per hour as appropriate.
1.4 Energy Factor means a measure of water heater overall
efficiency.
1.5 First-Hour Rating means an estimate of the maximum volume of
``hot'' water that a storage-type water heater can supply within an hour
that begins with the water heater fully heated (i.e., with all
thermostats satisfied). It is a function of both the storage volume and
the recovery rate.
1.6 Heat Trap means a device which can be integrally connected or
independently attached to the hot and/or cold water pipe connections of
a water heater such that the device will develop a thermal or mechanical
seal to minimize the recirculation of water due to thermal convection
between the water heater tank and its connecting pipes.
1.7 Instantaneous Water Heaters
1.7.1 Electric Instantaneous Water Heater Reserved.
1.7.2 Gas Instantaneous Water Heater means a water heater that uses
gas as the energy source, initiates heating based on sensing water flow,
is designed to deliver water at a controlled temperature of less than
180 deg.F (82 deg.C), has an input greater than 50,000 Btu/h (53 MJ/h)
but less than 200,000 Btu/h (210 MJ/h), and has a manufacturer's
specified storage capacity of less than 2 gallons (7.6 liters). The unit
may use a fixed or variable burner input.
1.8 Maximum gpm (L/min) Rating means the maximum gallons per minute
(liters per minute) of hot water that can be supplied by an
instantaneous water heater while maintaining a nominal temperature rise
of 77 deg.F (42.8 deg.C) during steady state operation.
1.9 Rated Storage Volume means the water storage capacity of a
water heater, in gallons (liters), as specified by the manufacturer.
1.10 Recovery Efficiency means the ratio of energy delivered to the
water to the energy content of the fuel consumed by the water heater.
1.11 Standby means the time during which water is not being
withdrawn from the water heater. There are two standby time intervals
used within this test procedure: stby,1 represents
the elapsed time between the time at which the maximum mean tank
temperature is observed after the sixth draw and subsequent recovery and
the end of the 24-hour test; stby,2 represents the
total time during the 24-hour simulated use test when water is not being
withdrawn from the water heater.
1.12 Storage-type Water Heaters
1.12.1 Electric Storage-type Water Heater means a water heater that
uses electricity as the energy source, is designed to heat and store
water at a thermostatically controlled temperature of less than 180
deg.F (82 deg.C), has a nominal input of 12 kilowatts (40,956 Btu/h)
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or less, and has a rated storage capacity of not less than 20 gallons
(76 liters) nor more than 120 gallons (450 liters).
1.12.2 Gas Storage-type Water Heater means a water heater that uses
gas as the energy source, is designed to heat and store water at a
thermostatically controlled temperature of less than 180 deg.F (82
deg.C), has a nominal input of 75,000 Btu (79 MJ) per hour or less, and
has a rated storage capacity of not less than 20 gallons (76 liters) nor
more than 100 gallons (380 liters).
1.12.3 Heat Pump Water Heater means a water heater that uses
electricity as the energy source, is designed to heat and store water at
a thermostatically controlled temperature of less than 180 deg.F (82
deg.C), has a maximum current rating of 24 amperes (including the
compressor and all auxiliary equipment such as fans, pumps, controls,
and, if on the same circuit, any resistive elements) for an input
voltage of 250 volts or less, and, if the tank is supplied, has a
manufacturer's rated storage capacity of 120 gallons (450 liters) or
less. Resistive elements used to provide supplemental heating may use
the same circuit as the compressor if (1) an interlocking mechanism
prevents concurrent compressor operation and resistive heating or (2)
concurrent operation does not result in the maximum current rating of 24
amperes being exceeded. Otherwise, the resistive elements and the heat
pump components must use separate circuits. A heat pump water heater may
be sold by the manufacturer with or without a storage tank.
a. Heat Pump Water Heater with Storage Tank means an air-to-water
heat pump sold by the manufacturer with an insulated storage tank as a
packaged unit. The tank and heat pump can be an integral unit or they
can be separated.
b. Heat Pump Water Heater without Storage Tank (also called Add-on
Heat Pump Water Heater) means an air-to-water heat pump designed for use
with a storage-type water heater or a storage tank that is not specified
or supplied by the manufacturer.
1.12.4 Oil Storage-type Water Heater means a water heater that uses
oil as the energy source, is designed to heat and store water at a
thermostatically controlled temperature of less than 180 deg.F (82
deg.C), has a nominal energy input of 105,000 Btu/h (110 MJ/h) or less,
and has a manufacturer's rated storage capacity of 50 gallons (190
liters) or less.
1.12.5 Storage-type Water Heater of More than 2 Gallons (7.6
Liters) and Less than 20 Gallons (76 Liters). Reserved.
1.13 ASHRAE Standard 41.1-86 means the standard published in 1986
by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc., and titled Standard Measurement Guide: Section on
Temperature Measurements.
1.14 ASTM-D-2156-80 means the test standard published in 1980 by
the American Society for Testing and Measurements and titled ``Smoke
Density in Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels, Test Method for''.
1.15 Symbol Usage The following identity relationships are provided
to help clarify the symbology used throughout this procedure:
Cp specific heat capacity of water
Eannual annual energy consumption of a water heater
Ef energy factor of a water heater
Fhr first-hour rating of a storage-type water heater
Fmax maximum gpm (L/min) rating of an instantaneous water
heater rated at a temperature rise of 77 deg.F (42.8 deg.C)
across the heater
i a subscript to indicate an ith draw during a test
Mi mass of water removed during the ith draw (i=1 to 6) of
the 24-hr simulated use test
M*i for storage-type water heaters, mass of water removed
during the ith draw (i=1 to n) during the first-hour rating
test
M10m for instantaneous water heaters, mass of water removed
continuously during a 10-minute interval in the maximum gpm
(L/min) rating test
n for storage-type water heaters, total number of draws during the
first-hour rating test
Q total fossil fuel and/or electric energy consumed during the entire
24-hr simulated use test
Qd daily water heating energy consumption adjusted for net
change in internal energy
Qda adjusted daily water heating energy consumption with
adjustment for variation of tank to ambient air temperature
difference from nominal value
Qdm overall adjusted daily water heating energy consumption
including Qda and QHWD
Qhr hourly standby losses
QHW daily energy consumption to heat water over the measured
average temperature rise across the water heater
QHWD adjustment to daily energy consumption, Qhw,
due to variation of the temperature rise across the water
heater not equal to the nominal value of 77 deg.F (42.8
deg.C)
Qr energy consumption of fossil fuel or heat pump water
heaters between thermostat (or burner) cut-out prior to the
first draw and cut-out following the first draw of the 24-hr
simulated use test
Qr, max energy consumption of a modulating instantaneous
water heater between cut-out (burner) prior to the first draw
and cut-out following the first draw of the 24-hr simulated
use test
Qr, min energy consumption of a modulating instantaneous
water heater from immediately prior to the fourth draw to
burner cut-out following the fourth draw of the 24-hr
simulated use test
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Qstby total energy consumed by the water heater during the
standby time interval stby, 1
Qsu total fossil fueled and/or electric energy consumed from
the beginning of the first draw to the thermostat (or burner)
cut-out following the completion of the sixth draw during the
24-hr simulated use test
Tmin for modulating instantaneous water heaters, steady state
outlet water temperature at the minimum fuel input rate
T0 mean tank temperature at the beginning of the 24-hr
simulated use test
T24 mean tank temperature at the end of the 24-hr simulated
use test
Ta, stby average ambient air temperature during standby
periods of the 24-hr use test
Tdel for instantaneous water heaters, average outlet water
temperature during a 10-minute continuous draw interval in the
maximum gpm (L/min) rating test
Tdel, i average outlet water temperature during the ith draw
of the 24-hr simulated use test
Tin for instantaneous water heaters, average inlet water
temperature during a 10-minute continuous draw interval in the
maximum gpm (L/min) rating test
Tin, i average inlet water temperature during the ith draw of
the 24-hr simulated use test
Tmax, 1 maximum measured mean tank temperature after cut-out
following the first draw of the 24-hr simulated use test
Tstby average storage tank temperature during the standby
period stby, 2 of the 24-hr use test
Tsu maximum measured mean tank temperature after cut-out
following the sixth draw of the 24-hr simulated use test
Tt, stby average storage tank temperature during the standby
period stby, 1 of the 24-hr use test
T*del, i for storage-type water heaters, average outlet water
temperature during the ith draw (i=1 to n) of the first-hour
rating test
T*max, i for storage-type water heaters, maximum outlet water
temperature observed during the ith draw (i=1 to n) of the
first-hour rating test
T*min, i for storage-type water heaters, minimum outlet water
temperature to terminate the ith draw during the first-hour
rating test
UA standby loss coefficient of a storage-type water heater
Vi volume of water removed during the ith draw (i=1 to 6) of
the 24-hr simulated use test
V*i volume of water removed during the ith draw (i=1 to n)
during the first-hour rating test
V10m for instantaneous water heaters, volume of water removed
continuously during a 10-minute interval in the maximum gpm
(L/min) rating test
Vmax steady state water flow rate of an instantaneous water
heater at the rated input to give a discharge temperature of
135 deg.F 5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8
deg.C)
Vmin steady state water flow rate of a modulating
instantaneous water heater at the minimum input to give a
discharge temperature of Tmin up to 135 deg.F
5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C 2.8 deg.C)
Vst measured storage volume of the storage tank
Wf weight of storage tank when completely filled with water
Wt tare weight of storage tank when completely empty of water
nr recovery efficiency
p density of water
stby, 1 elapsed time between the time the maximum
mean tank temperature is observed after the sixth draw and the
end of the 24-hr simulated use test
stby, 2 overall standby periods when no water is
withdrawn during the 24-hr simulated use test
2. Test Conditions
2.1 Installation Requirements. Tests shall be performed with the
water heater and instrumentation installed in accordance with Section 4
of this appendix.
2.2 Ambient Air Temperature. The ambient air temperature shall be
maintained between 65.0 deg.F and 70.0 deg.F (18.3 deg.C and 21.1
deg.C) on a continuous basis. For heat pump water heaters, the dry bulb
temperature shall be maintained at 67.5 deg.F 1 deg.F
(19.7 deg.C 0.6 deg.C) and, in addition, the relative
humidity shall be maintained between 49% and 51%.
2.3 Supply Water Temperature. The temperature of the water being
supplied to the water heater shall be maintained at 58 deg.F
2 deg.F (14.4 deg.C 1.1 deg.C) throughout
the test.
2.4 Storage Tank Temperature. The average temperature of the water
within the storage tank shall be set to 135 deg.F 5 deg.F
(57.2 deg.C 2.8 deg.C).
2.5 Supply Water Pressure. During the test when water is not being
withdrawn, the supply pressure shall be maintained between 40 psig (275
kPa) and the maximum allowable pressure specified by the water heater
manufacturer.
2.6 Electrical and/or Fossil Fuel Supply.
2.6.1 Electrical. Maintain the electrical supply voltage to within
1% of the center of the voltage range specified by the
water heater and/or heat pump manufacturer.
2.6.2 Natural Gas. Maintain the supply pressure in accordance with
the manufacturer's specifications. If the supply pressure is not
specified, maintain a supply pressure of 7-10 inches of water column
(1.7-2.5 kPa). If the water heater is equipped with a gas appliance
pressure regulator, the regulator outlet pressure shall be within
10% of the manufacturer's specified manifold pressure.
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For all tests, use natural gas having a heating value of approximately
1,025 Btu per standard cubic foot (38,190 kJ per standard cubic meter).
2.6.3 Propane Gas. Maintain the supply pressure in accordance with
the manufacturer's specifications. If the supply pressure is not
specified, maintain a supply pressure of 11-13 inches of water column
(2.7-3.2 kPa). If the water heater is equipped with a gas appliance
pressure regulator, the regulator outlet pressure shall be within
10% of the manufacturer's specified manifold pressure. For
all tests, use propane gas with a heating value of approximately 2,500
Btu per standard cubic foot (93,147 kJ per standard cubic meter).
2.6.4 Fuel Oil Supply. Maintain an uninterrupted supply of fuel
oil. Use fuel oil having a heating value of approximately 138,700 Btu
per gallon (38,660 kJ per liter).
3. Instrumentation
3.1 Pressure Measurements. Pressure-measuring instruments shall
have an error no greater than the following values:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item measured Instrument accuracy Instrument precision
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas pressure................ 0.1 0.05
inch of water inch of water
column ( 0.025 kPa). minus> 0.012 kPa).
Atmospheric pressure........ 0.1 0.05
inch of mercury inch of mercury
column ( 0.34 kPa). minus> 0.17 kPa).
Water pressure.............. 1.0 0.50
pounds per square pounds per square
inch ( inch (
6.9 kPa). 3.45 kPa).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2 Temperature Measurement
3.2.1 Measurement. Temperature measurements shall be made in
accordance with the Standard Measurement Guide: Section on Temperature
Measurements, ASHRAE Standard 41.1-86.
3.2.2 Accuracy and Precision. The accuracy and precision of the
instruments, including their associated readout devices, shall be within
the following limits:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item measured Instrument accuracy Instrument precision
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air dry bulb temperature............. 0.2 deg.F 0.1 deg.F ( 0.06
( 0.1 deg.C). deg.C)
Air wet bulb temperature............. 0.2 deg.F 0.1 deg.F ( 0.06
( 0.1 deg.C). deg.C)
Inlet and outlet water temperatures.. 0.2 deg.F 0.1 deg.F ( 0.06
( 0.1 deg.C). deg.C)
Storage tank temperatures............ 0.5 deg.F 0.25 deg.F (
( 0.3 deg.C). 0.14 deg.C)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2.3 Scale Division. In no case shall the smallest scale division
of the instrument or instrument system exceed 2 times the specified
precision.
3.2.4 Temperature Difference. Temperature difference between the
entering and leaving water may be measured with any of the following:
a. A thermopile
b. Calibrated resistance thermometers
c. Precision thermometers
d. Calibrated thermistors
e. Calibrated thermocouples
f. Quartz thermometers
3.2.5 Thermopile Construction. If a thermopile is used, it shall be
made from calibrated thermocouple wire taken from a single spool.
Extension wires to the recording device shall also be made from that
same spool.
3.2.6 Time Constant. The time constant of the instruments used to
measure the inlet and outlet water temperatures shall be no greater than
5 seconds.
3.3 Liquid Flow Rate Measurement. The accuracy of the liquid flow
rate measurement, using the calibration if furnished, shall be equal to
or less than 1% of the measured value in mass units per
unit time.
3.4 Electric Energy. The electrical energy used shall be measured
with an instrument and associated readout device that is accurate within
1% of the reading.
3.5 Fossil Fuels. The quantity of fuel used by the water heater
shall be measured with an instrument and associated readout device that
is accurate within 1% of the reading.
3.6 Mass Measurements. For mass measurements greater than or equal
to 10 pounds (4.5 kg), a scale that is accurate within 1%
of the reading shall be used to make the measurement. For mass
measurements less than 10 pounds (4.5 kg), the scale shall provide a
measurement that is accurate within 0.1 pound (0.045 kg).
3.7 Heating Value. The higher heating value of the natural gas,
propane, or fuel oil shall be measured with an instrument and associated
readout device that is accurate within 1% of the reading.
The heating value of natural gas and propane must be corrected for local
temperature and pressure conditions.
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3.8 Time. The elapsed time measurements shall be measured with an
instrument that is accurate within 0.5 seconds per hour.
3.9 Volume. Volume measurements shall be measured with an accuracy
of 2% of the total volume.
4. Installation
4.1 Water Heater Mounting. A water heater designed to be
freestanding shall be placed on a \3/4\ inch (2 cm) thick plywood
platform supported by three 2 x 4 inch (5 cm x 10 cm) runners. If
the water heater is not approved for installation on combustible
flooring, suitable non-combustible material shall be placed between the
water heater and the platform. Counter-top water heaters shall be placed
against a simulated wall section. Wall-mounted water heaters shall be
supported on a simulated wall in accordance with the manufacturer-
published installation instructions. When a simulated wall is used, the
recommended construction is 2 x 4 inch (5 cm x 10 cm) studs, faced
with \3/4\ inch (2 cm) plywood. For heat pump water heaters that are
supplied with a storage tank, the two components, if not delivered as a
single package, shall be connected in accordance with the manufacturer-
published installation instructions and the overall system shall be
placed on the above-described plywood platform. If installation
instructions are not provided by the heat pump manufacturer, uninsulated
8 foot (2.4 m) long connecting hoses having an inside diameter of \5/8\
inch (1.6 cm) shall be used to connect the storage tank and the heat
pump water heater. With the exception of using the storage tank
described in 4.10, the same requirements shall apply for heat pump water
heaters that are supplied without a storage tank from the manufacturer.
The testing of the water heater shall occur in an area that is protected
from drafts.
4.2 Water Supply. Connect the water heater to a water supply
capable of delivering water at conditions as specified in Sections 2.3
and 2.5 of this appendix.
4.3 Water Inlet and Outlet Configuration. For freestanding water
heaters that are taller than 36 inches (91.4 cm), inlet and outlet
piping connections shall be configured in a manner consistent with
Figures 1 and 2. Inlet and outlet piping connections for wall-mounted
water heaters shall be consistent with Figure 3. For freestanding water
heaters that are 36 inches or less in height and not supplied as part of
a counter-top enclosure (commonly referred to as an under-the-counter
model), inlet and outlet piping shall be installed in a manner
consistent with Figures 4, 5, and 6. For water heaters that are supplied
with a counter-top enclosure, inlet and outlet piping shall be made in a
manner consistent with Figures 7A and 7B, respectively. The vertical
piping noted in Figures 7A and 7B shall be located (whether inside the
enclosure or along the outside in a recessed channel) in accordance with
the manufacturer-published installation instructions.
All dimensions noted in Figures 1 through 7 shall be achieved. All
piping between the water heater and the inlet and outlet temperature
sensors, noted as TIN and TOUT in the figures,
shall be Type ``L'' hard copper having the same diameter as the
connections on the water heater. Unions may be used to facilitate
installation and removal of the piping arrangements. A pressure gauge
and diaphragm expansion tank shall be installed in the supply water
piping at a location upstream of the inlet temperature sensor. An
appropriately rated pressure and temperature relief valve shall be
installed on all water heaters at the port specified by the
manufacturer. Discharge piping for the relief valve shall be non-
metallic. If heat traps, piping insulation, or pressure relief valve
insulation are supplied with the water heater, they shall be installed
for testing. Except when using a simulated wall, clearance shall be
provided such that none of the piping contacts other surfaces in the
test room.
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4.4 Fuel and/or Electrical Power and Energy Consumption. Install
one or more instruments which measure, as appropriate, the quantity and
rate of electrical energy and/or fossil fuel consumption in accordance
with Section 3. For heat pump water heaters that use supplemental
resistive heating, the electrical energy supplied to the resistive
element(s) shall be metered separately from the electrical energy
supplied to the entire appliance or to the remaining components (e.g.,
compressor, fans, pumps, controls).
4.5 Internal Storage Tank Temperature Measurements. Install six
temperature measurement sensors inside the water heater tank with a
vertical distance of at least 4 inches (100 mm) between successive
sensors. A temperature sensor shall be positioned at the vertical
midpoint of each of the six equal
[[Page 153]]
volume nodes within the tank. Nodes designate the equal volumes used to
evenly partition the total volume of the tank. As much as is possible,
the temperature sensor should be positioned away from any heating
elements, anodic protective devices, tank walls, and flue pipe walls. If
the tank cannot accommodate six temperature sensors and meet the
installation requirements specified above, install the maximum number of
sensors which comply with the installation requirements. The temperature
sensors shall be installed either through (1) the anodic device opening;
(2) the relief valve opening; or (3) the hot water outlet. If installed
through the relief valve opening or the hot water outlet, a tee fitting
or outlet piping, as applicable, shall be installed as close as possible
to its original location. If the relief valve temperature sensor is
relocated, and it no longer extends into the top of the tank, a
substitute relief valve that has a sensing element that can reach into
the tank shall be installed. If the hot water outlet includes a heat
trap, the heat trap shall be installed on top of the tee fitting. Added
fittings shall be covered with thermal insulation having an R value
between 4 and 8 hft2' deg.F/Btu (0.7 and 1.4
m2' deg.C/W).
4.6 Ambient Air Temperature Measurement. Install an ambient air
temperature sensor at the vertical mid-point of the water heater and
approximately 2 feet (610 mm) from the surface of the water heater. The
sensor shall be shielded against radiation.
4.7 Inlet and Outlet Water Temperature Measurements. Install
temperature sensors in the cold-water inlet pipe and hot-water outlet
pipe as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7a and 7b, as applicable.
4.8 Flow Control. A valve shall be installed to provide flow as
specified in sections 5.1.4.1 for storage tank water heaters and 5.2.1
for instantaneous water heaters.
4.9 Flue Requirements.
4.9.1 Gas-Fired Water Heaters. Establish a natural draft in the
following manner. For gas-fired water heaters with a vertically
discharging draft hood outlet, a 5-foot (1.5-meter) vertical vent pipe
extension with a diameter equal to the largest flue collar size of the
draft hood shall be connected to the draft hood outlet. For gas-fired
water heaters with a horizontally discharging draft hood outlet, a 90-
degree elbow with a diameter equal to the largest flue collar size of
the draft hood shall be connected to the draft hood outlet. A 5-foot
(1.5-meter) length of vent pipe shall be connected to the elbow and
oriented to discharge vertically upward. Direct vent gas-fired water
heaters shall be installed with venting equipment specified in the
manufacturer's instructions using the minimum vertical and horizontal
lengths of vent pipe recommended by the manufacturer.
4.9.2 Oil-Fired Water Heaters. Establish a draft at the flue collar
at the value specified in the manufacturer's instructions. Establish the
draft by using a sufficient length of vent pipe connected to the water
heater flue outlet, and directed vertically upward. For an oil-fired
water heater with a horizontally discharging draft hood outlet, a 90-
degree elbow with a diameter equal to the largest flue collar size of
the draft hood shall be connected to the draft hood outlet. A length of
vent pipe sufficient to establish the draft shall be connected to the
elbow fitting and oriented to discharge vertically upward. Direct-vent
oil-fired water heaters should be installed with venting equipment as
specified in the manufacturer's instructions, using the minimum vertical
and horizontal lengths of vent pipe recommended by the manufacturer.
4.10 Heat Pump Water Heater Storage Tank. The tank to be used for
testing a heat pump water heater without a tank supplied by the
manufacturer (see Section 1.12.3b) shall be an electric storage-type
water heater having a measured volume of 47.0 gallons 1.0
gallon (178 liters 3.8 liters); two 4.5 kW heating elements
controlled in such a manner as to prevent both elements from operating
simultaneously; and an energy factor greater than or equal to the
minimum energy conservation standard (as determined in accordance with
Section 6.1.7) and less than or equal to the sum of the minimum energy
conservation standard and 0.02.
5. Test Procedures
5.1 Storage-type Water Heaters, Including Heat Pump Water Heaters.
5.1.1 Determination of Storage Tank Volume. Determine the storage
capacity, Vst, of the water heater under test, in gallons
(liters), by subtracting the tare weight--measured while the tank is
empty--from the gross weight of the storage tank when completely filled
with water (with all air eliminated and line pressure applied as
described in section 2.5) and dividing the resulting net weight by the
density of water at the measured temperature.
5.1.2 Setting the Thermostat.
5.1.2.1 Single Thermostat Tanks. Starting with a tank at the supply
water temperature, initiate normal operation of the water heater. After
cut-out, determine the mean tank temperature every minute until the
maximum value is observed. Determine whether this maximum value for the
mean tank temperature is within the range of 135 deg.F5
deg.F (57.2 deg.C2.8 deg.C). If not, turn off the water
heater, adjust the thermostat, drain and refill the tank with supply
water. Then, once again, initiate normal operation of the water heater,
and determine the maximum mean tank temperature after cut-out. Repeat
this sequence until the maximum mean
[[Page 154]]
tank temperature after cut-out is 135 deg.F5 deg.F (57.2
deg.C2.8 deg.C).
5.1.2.2 Tanks with Two or More Thermostats. Follow the same
sequence as for a single thermostat tank, i.e. start at the supply water
temperature, operate normally until cutout. Determine if the thermostat
that controls the uppermost heating element yields a maximum water
temperature of 135 deg.F5 deg.F (57.2
deg.C2.8 deg.C), as measured by the in-tank sensors that
are positioned above the uppermost heating element. If the tank
temperature at the thermostat is not within 135 deg.F5
deg.F (57.2 deg.C2.8 deg.C), turn off the water heater,
adjust the thermostat, drain and refill the tank with supply water. The
thermostat that controls the heating element positioned next highest in
the tank shall then be set to yield a maximum water temperature of 135
deg.F5 deg.F (57.2 deg.C2.8 deg.C). This
process shall be re