[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 7 Volume 4]
[Revised as of January 1, 2001]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 7CFR273.18]

[Page 745-768]
 
                          TITLE 7--AGRICULTURE
 
    CHAPTER II--FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 
PART 273--CERTIFICATION OF ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLDS--Table of Contents
 
Sec. 273.18  Claims against households.

    (a) General. (1) A recipient claim is an amount owed because of:
    (i) Benefits that are overpaid or
    (ii) Benefits that are trafficked. Trafficking is defined in 7 CFR 
271.2.
    (2) This claim is a Federal debt subject to this and other 
regulations governing Federal debts. The State agency must establish and 
collect any claim by following these regulations.

[[Page 746]]

    (3) As a State agency, you must develop a plan for establishing and 
collecting claims that provides orderly claims processing and results in 
claims collections similar to recent national rates of collection. If 
you do not meet these standards, you must take corrective action to 
correct any deficiencies in the plan.
    (4) The following are responsible for paying a claim:
    (i) Each person who was an adult member of the household when the 
overpayment or trafficking occurred;
    (ii) A sponsor of an alien household member if the sponsor is at 
fault; or
    (iii) A person connected to the household, such as an authorized 
representative, who actually trafficks or otherwise causes an 
overpayment or trafficking.
    (b) Types of claims. There are three types of claims:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
           An . . .                             is . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Intentional Program        any claim for an overpayment or
 violation (IPV) claim.         trafficking resulting from an individual
                                committing an IPV. An IPV is defined in
                                Sec.  273.16.
(2) Inadvertent household      any claim for an overpayment resulting
 error (IHE) claim.             from a misunderstanding or unintended
                                error on the part of the household.
(3) Agency error (AE) claim..  any claim for an overpayment caused by an
                                action or failure to take action by the
                                State agency. The only exception is an
                                overpayment caused by a household
                                transacting an untampered expired
                                Authorization to Participate (ATP) card.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Calculating the claim amount--(1) Claims not related to 
trafficking.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (i) As a State agency, you
------------------------------------------------------------------------
must calculate a claim . . .  and . . .             and . . .

back to at least twelve       for an IPV claim,     for all claims,
 months prior to when you      the claim must be     don't include any
 become aware of the           calculated back to    amounts that
 overpayment.                  the month the act     occurred more than
                               of IPV first          six years before
                               occurred.             you became aware of
                                                     the overpayment.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            (ii) The actual steps for calculating a claim are
------------------------------------------------------------------------
you . . .                     unless . . .          then . . .

(A) determine the correct
 amount of benefits for each
 month that a household
 received an overpayment.
(B) do not apply the earned   the claim is an AE    apply the earned
 income deduction to that      claim.                income deduction.
 part of any earned income
 that the household failed
 to report in a timely
 manner when this act is the
 basis for the claim.
(C) subtract the correct      this answer is zero   dispose of the claim
 amount of benefits from the   or negative.          referral.
 benefits actually received.
 The answer is the amount of
 the overpayment.

[[Page 747]]


(D) reduce the overpayment    you are not aware of  the amount of the
 amount by any EBT benefits    any expunged          overpayment
 expunged from the             benefits.             calculated in
 household's EBT benefit                             paragraph
 account in accordance with                          (e)(1)(ii)(C) of
 your own procedures. The                            this section is the
 difference is the amount of                         amount of the
 the claim.                                          claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Trafficking-related claims. Claims arising from trafficking-
related offenses will be the value of the trafficked benefits as 
determined by:
    (i) The individual's admission;
    (ii) Adjudication; or
    (iii) The documentation that forms the basis for the trafficking 
determination.
    (d) Claim referral management.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       (1) As a State agency, you
------------------------------------------------------------------------
must . . .                    and you . . .         unless . . .

establish a claim before the  will ensure that no   you develop and use
 last day of the quarter       less than 90          your own standards
 following the quarter in      percent of all        and procedures that
 which the overpayment or      claim referrals are   have been approved
 trafficking incident was      either established    by us (see
 discovered.                   or disposed of        paragraph (d)(2) of
                               according to this     this section).
                               time frame.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Instead of using the standard in paragraph (d)(1) of this 
section, you may opt to develop and follow your own plan for the 
efficient and effective management of claim referrals.
    (i) This plan must be approved by us.
    (ii) At a minimum, this plan must include:
    (A) Justification as to why your standards and procedures will be 
more efficient and effective than our claim referral standard;
    (B) Procedures for the detection and referral of potential 
overpayments or trafficking violations;
    (C) Time frames and procedures for tracking claim referrals through 
date of discovery to date of establishment;
    (D) A description of the process to ensure that these time frames 
are being met;
    (E) Any special procedures and time frames for IPV referrals; and
    (F) A procedure to track and follow-up on IPV claim referrals when 
these referrals are referred for prosecutorial or similar action.
    (e) Initiating collection action and managing claims--(1) 
Applicability. State agencies must begin collection action on all claims 
unless the conditions under paragraph (g)(2) of this section apply.
    (2) Pre-establishment cost effectiveness determination. A State 
agency may opt not to establish and subsequently collect an overpayment 
that is not cost effective. The following is our cost-effectiveness 
policy for State agencies:

[[Page 748]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
         (i) You may follow your own cost effectiveness plan and
------------------------------------------------------------------------
opt not to establish any      unless . . .          or . . .
 claim if . . .
you determine that the claim  you do not have a     you already
 referral is not cost          cost-effectiveness    established the
 effective to pursue.          plan approved by us.  claim or discovered
                                                     the overpayment in
                                                     a quality control
                                                     review.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              (ii) Or you may follow the FNS threshold and
------------------------------------------------------------------------
opt not to establish any      unless . . .          or . . .
 claim if . . .
you determine that the claim  the household is      you already
 referral is $125 or less.     currently             established the
                               participating in      claim or discovered
                               the Program.          the overpayment in
                                                     a quality control
                                                     review.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) Notification of claim. (i) Each State agency must develop and 
mail or otherwise deliver to the household written notification to begin 
collection action on any claim.
    (ii) The claim will be considered established for tracking purposes 
as of the date of the initial demand letter or written notification.
    (iii) If the claim or the amount of the claim was not established at 
a hearing, the State agency must provide the household with a one-time 
notice of adverse action. The notice of adverse action may either be 
sent separately or as part of the demand letter.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) The initial demand letter or notice of adverse action must include
 language stating:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) The amount of the claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) The intent to collect from all adults in the household when the
 overpayment occurred.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C) The type (IPV, IHE, AE or similar language) and reason for the
 claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) The time period associated with the claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(E) How the claim was calculated.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(F) The phone number to call for more information about the claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(G) That, if the claim is not paid, it will be sent to other collection
 agencies, who will use various collection methods to collect the claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(H) The opportunity to inspect and copy records related to the claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(I) Unless the amount of the claim was established at a hearing, the
 opportunity for a fair hearing on the decision related to the claim.
 The household will have 90 days to request a fair hearing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(J) That, if not paid, the claim will be referred to the Federal
 government for federal collection action.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 749]]


(K) That the household can make a written agreement to repay the amount
 of the claim prior to it being referred for Federal collection action.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(L) That, if the claim becomes delinquent, the household may be subject
 to additional processing charges.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(M) That the State agency may reduce any part of the claim if the agency
 believes that the household is not able to repay the claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(N) A due date or time frame to either repay or make arrangements to
 repay the claim, unless the State agency is to impose allotment
 reduction.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(O) If allotment reduction is to be imposed, the percentage to be used
 and the effective date.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (v) The due date or time frame for repayment must be not later than 
30 days after the date of the initial written notification or demand 
letter.
    (vi) Subsequent demand letters or notices may be sent at the 
discretion of the State agency. The language to be used and content of 
these letters is left up to the State agency.
    (4) Repayment agreements. (i) Any repayment agreement for any claim 
must contain due dates or time frames for the periodic submission of 
payments.
    (ii) The agreement must specify that the household will be subject 
to involuntary collection action(s) if payment is not received by the 
due date and the claim becomes delinquent.
    (5) Determining Delinquency. (i) Unless specified in paragraph 
(e)(5)(iv) of this section, a claim must be considered delinquent if:
    (A) The claim has not been paid by the due date and a satisfactory 
payment arrangement has not been made; or
    (B) A payment arrangement has been established and a scheduled 
payment has not been made by the due date.
    (ii) The date of delinquency for a claim covered under paragraph 
(e)(5)(i)(A) of this section is the due date on the initial written 
notification/demand letter. The claim will remain delinquent until 
payment is received in full, a satisfactory payment agreement is 
negotiated, or allotment reduction is invoked.
    (iii) The date of delinquency for a claim covered under paragraph 
(e)(5)(i)(B) of this section is the due date of the missed installment 
payment. The claim will remain delinquent until payment is received in 
full, allotment reduction is invoked, or if the State agency determines 
to either resume or re-negotiate the repayment schedule.
    (iv) A claim will not be considered delinquent if another claim for 
the same household is currently being paid either through an installment 
agreement or allotment reduction and you, as a State agency, expect to 
begin collection on the claim once the prior claim(s) is settled.
    (v) A claim is not subject to the requirements for delinquent debts 
if the State agency is unable to determine delinquency status because 
collection is coordinated through the court system.
    (6) Fair hearings and claims. (i) A claim awaiting a fair hearing 
decision must not be considered delinquent.
    (ii) If the hearing official determines that a claim does, in fact, 
exist against the household, the household must be re-notified of the 
claim. The language to be used in this notice is left up to the State 
agency. The demand for payment may be combined with the notice of the 
hearing decision. Delinquency must be based on the due date of this 
subsequent notice and not on the initial pre-hearing demand letter sent 
to the household.
    (iii) If the hearing official determines that a claim does not 
exist, the claim is disposed of in accordance with paragraph (e)(8) of 
this section.
    (7) Compromising claims. (i) As a State agency, you may compromise a 
claim or any portion of a claim if it can be reasonably determined that 
a household's economic circumstances dictate that the claim will not be 
paid in three years.

[[Page 750]]

    (ii) You may use the full amount of the claim (including any amount 
compromised) to offset benefits in accordance with Sec. 273.17.
    (iii) You may reinstate any compromised portion of a claim if the 
claim becomes delinquent.
    (8) Terminating and writing-off claims-(i) A terminated claim is a 
claim in which all collection action has ceased. A written-off claim is 
no longer considered a receivable subject to continued Federal and State 
agency collection and reporting requirements.
    (ii) The following is our claim termination policy:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
 As a State agency, if . . .     Then you . . .         Unless . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) you find that the claim   must discharge the    it is appropriate to
 is invalid.                   claim and reflect     pursue the
                               the event as a        overpayment as a
                               balance adjustment    different type of
                               rather than a         claim (e.g., as an
                               termination.          IHE rather than an
                                                     IPV claim).
(B) all adult household       must terminate and    you plan to pursue
 members die.                  write-off the claim.  the claim against
                                                     the estate.
(C) the claim balance is $25  must terminate and    other claims exist
 or less and the claim has     write-off the claim.  against this
 been delinquent for 90 days                         household resulting
 or more.                                            in an aggregate
                                                     claim total of
                                                     greater than $25.
(D) you determine it is not   must terminate and    we have not approved
 cost effective to pursue      write-off the claim.  your overall cost-
 the claim any further.                              effectiveness
                                                     criteria.
(E) the claim is delinquent   must terminate and    you plan to continue
 for three years or more.      write-off the claim.  to pursue the claim
                                                     through Treasury's
                                                     Offset Program.
(F) you cannot locate the     may terminate and
 household.                    write-off the claim.
(G) a new collection method   may reinstate a       you decide not to
 or a specific event (such     terminated and        pursue this option.
 as winning the lottery)       written-off claim.
 substantially increases the
 likelihood of further
 collections.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f) Acceptable forms of payment.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
      You may collect a claim by:                 However . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Reducing benefits prior to           You must follow the
 issuance. This includes allotment        instructions and limits found
 reduction and offsets to restored        in paragraphs (g)(1) and
 benefits.                                (g)(3) of this section.
(2) Reducing benefits after issuance.    You must follow the
 These are benefits from electronic       instructions and limits found
 benefit transfer (EBT) accounts.         in paragraph (g)(2) of this
                                          section.
(3) Accepting cash or any of its         You do not have to accept
 generally accepted equivalents. These    credit or debit cards if you
 equivalents include check, money         do not have the capability to
 order, and credit or debit cards.        accept these payments.
(4) Accepting paper food coupons.......  You must destroy any coupons or
                                          coupon books that are not
                                          returned to inventory and
                                          document as appropriate.

[[Page 751]]


(5) Conducting your own offsets and      You must follow any limits that
 intercepts. This includes but is not     may apply in paragraph (g) of
 limited to wage garnishments and         this section.
 intercepts of various State payments.
 These collections are considered
 ``cash'' for FNS claim accounting and
 reporting purposes.
(6) Requiring the household to perform   This form of payment must be
 public service.                          ordered by a court and
                                          specifically be in lieu of
                                          paying any claim.
(7) Participating in the Treasury        You must follow the procedures
 collection programs.                     found in paragraph (n) of this
                                          section.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (g) Collection methods.
    (1) Allotment reduction. The following is our allotment reduction 
policy:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
   As a State agency, you must . . .               Unless . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Automatically collect payments for   the claim is being collected at
 any claim by reducing the amount of      regular intervals at a higher
 monthly benefits that a household        amount or another household is
 receives.                                already having its allotment
                                          reduced for the same claim
                                          (see paragraph (g)(1)(vi) of
                                          this section).
(ii) For an IPV claim, limit the amount  the household agrees to a
 reduced to the greater of $20 per        higher amount.
 month or 20 percent of the household's
 monthly allotment or entitlement.
(iii) For an IHE or AE claim, limit the  the household agrees to a
 amount reduced to the greater of $10     higher amount.
 per month or 10 percent of the
 household's monthly allotment.
(iv) Not reduce the initial allotment    the household agrees to this
 when the household is first certified.   reduction.
(v) Not use additional involuntary       the additional payment is
 collection methods against individuals   voluntary; or the source of
 in a household that is already having    the payment is irregular and
 its benefit reduced.                     unexpected such as a State tax
                                          refund or lottery winnings
                                          offset.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              You may . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (vi) Collect using allotment reduction from two separate households for
      the same claim. However, you are not required to perform this
                         simultaneous reduction.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(vii) Continue to use any other collection method against any individual
     who is not a current member of the household that is undergoing
                          allotment reduction.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Benefits from EBT accounts. (i) As a State agency, you must 
allow a household to pay its claim using benefits from its EBT benefit 
account.
    (ii) You must comply with the following EBT benefit claims 
collection and adjustment requirements:

[[Page 752]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (A) For collecting from active (or reactivated) EBT benefits . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You . . .                         or . . .            and . . .
need written permission which     oral permission     the retention
 may be obtained in advance and    for one time        rules do apply to
 done in accordance with           reductions with     this collection.
 paragraph (g)(2)(iv) of this      you sending the
 section;.                         household a
                                   receipt of the
                                   transaction
                                   within 10 days.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            (B) For collecting from stale EBT benefits . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You . . .                         and . . .           and . . .

must mail or otherwise deliver    give the household  the retention
 to the household written          at least 10 days    rules apply to
 notification that you intend to   to notify you       this collection.
 apply the benefits to the         that it doesn't
 outstanding claim.                want to use these
                                   benefits to pay
                                   the claim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      (C) For making an adjustment with expunged EBT benefits . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
You . . .                         and . . .           and . . .
must adjust the amount of any     this can be done    the retention
 claim by subtracting any          anytime.            rules do not
 expunged amount from the EBT                          apply to this
 benefit account for which you                         adjustment.
 become aware.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iii) A collection from an EBT account must be non-settling against 
the benefit drawdown account.
    (iv) At a minimum, any written agreement with the household to 
collect a claim using active EBT benefits must include:
    (A) A statement that this collection activity is strictly voluntary;
    (B) The amount of the payment;
    (C) The frequency of the payments (i.e., whether monthly or one time 
only);
    (D) The length (if any) of the agreement; and
    (E) A statement that the household may revoke this agreement at any 
time.
    (3) Offsets to restored benefits. You must reduce any restored 
benefits owed to a household by the amount of any outstanding claim. 
This may be done at any time during the claim establishment and 
collection process.
    (4) Lump sum payments. You must accept any payment for a claim 
whether it represents full or partial payment. The payment may be in any 
of the acceptable formats.
    (5) Installment payments. (i) You may accept installment payments 
made for a claim as part of a negotiated repayment agreement.
    (ii) As a household, if you fail to submit a payment in accordance 
with the terms of your negotiated repayment schedule, your claim becomes 
delinquent and it will be subject to additional collection actions.
    (6) Intercept of unemployment compensation benefits. (i) As a State 
agency, you may arrange with a liable individual to intercept his or her 
unemployment compensation benefits for the collection of any claim. This 
collection option may be included as part of a repayment agreement.
    (ii) You may also intercept an individual's unemployment 
compensation benefits by obtaining a court order.
    (iii) You must report any intercept of unemployment compensation 
benefits as ``cash'' payments when they are reported to us.
    (7) Public service. If authorized by a court, the value of a claim 
may be paid by the household performing public

[[Page 753]]

service. As a State agency, you will report these amounts in accordance 
with our instructions.
    (8) Other collection actions. You may employ any other collection 
actions to collect claims. These actions include, but are not limited 
to, referrals to collection and/or other similar private and public 
sector agencies, state tax refund and lottery offsets, wage 
garnishments, property liens and small claims court.
    (9) Unspecified joint collections. When an unspecified joint 
collection is received for a combined public assistance/food stamp 
recipient claim, each program must receive its pro rata share of the 
amount collected. An unspecified joint collection is when funds are 
received in response to correspondence or a referral that contained both 
the food stamp and other program claim(s) and the debtor does not 
specify to which claim to apply the collection.
    (h) Refunds for overpaid claims. (1) As a household, if you overpay 
a claim, the State agency must provide a refund for the overpaid amount 
as soon as possible after the State agency finds out about the 
overpayment. You will be paid by whatever method the State agency deems 
appropriate considering the circumstances.
    (2) You are not entitled to a refund if the overpaid amount is 
attributed to an expunged EBT benefit.
    (i) Interstate claims collection. (1) Unless a transfer occurs as 
outlined in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, as a State agency, you are 
responsible for initiating and continuing collection action on any food 
stamp recipient claim regardless of whether the household remains in 
your State.
    (2) You may accept a claim from another State agency if the 
household with the claim moves into your State. Once you accept this 
responsibility, the claim is yours for future collection and reporting. 
You will report interstate transfers to us in accordance with our 
instructions.
    (j) Bankruptcy. A State agency may act on our behalf in any 
bankruptcy proceeding against a bankrupt household with outstanding 
recipient claims.
    (k) Retention rates. (1) The retention rates for State agencies are 
as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
     If you collect an . . .          then the retention rate is . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) IPV claim....................  35 percent.
(ii) IHE claim...................  20 percent.
(iii) IHE claim by reducing a      35 percent.
 person's unemployment
 compensation benefit.
(iv) AE claim....................  nothing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) These rates do not apply to any reduction in benefits when you 
disqualify someone for an IPV.
    (l) Submission of payments to us. A State agency must send us the 
value of funds collected for IHE, IPV or AE claims according to our 
instructions. We must pay you for claims collection retention by 
electronic funds transfer.
    (m) Accounting procedures. (1) As a State agency, you must maintain 
an accounting system for monitoring recipient claims against households. 
This accounting system shall consist of both the system of records 
maintained for individual debtors and the accounts receivable summary 
data maintained for these debts.
    (2) At a minimum, the accounting system must document the following 
for each claim:
    (i) The date of discovery;
    (ii) The reason for the claim;
    (iii) The calculation of the claim;
    (iv) The date you established the claim;
    (v) The methods used to collect the claim;
    (vi) The amount and incidence of any claim processing charges;
    (vii) The reason for the final disposition of the claim;
    (viii) Any collections made on the claim;

[[Page 754]]

    (ix) Any correspondence, including follow-up letters, sent to the 
household.
    (3) At a minimum, your accounting or certification system must also 
identify the following for each claim:
    (i) Those households whose claims have become delinquent;
    (ii) Those situations in which an amount not yet restored to a 
household can be used to offset a claim owed by the household; and
    (iii) Those households with outstanding claims that are applying for 
benefits.
    (4) When requested and at intervals determined by us, your 
accounting system must also produce:
    (i) Accurate and supported outstanding balances and collections for 
established claims; and
    (ii) Summary reports of the funds collected, the amount submitted to 
FNS, the claims established and terminated, any delinquent claims 
processing charges, the uncollected balance and the delinquency of the 
unpaid debt.
    (5) On a quarterly basis, unless otherwise directed by us, your 
accounting system must reconcile summary balances reported to individual 
supporting records.
    (n) Treasury's Offset Programs (TOP). (1) Referring debts to TOP. 
(i) As a State agency, you must refer to TOP all recipient claims that 
are delinquent for 180 or more days.
    (ii) You must certify that all of these claims to be referred to TOP 
are 180 days delinquent and legally enforceable.
    (iii) You must refer these claims in accordance with our and the 
Department of the Treasury's (Treasury) instructions.
    (iv) You must not refer claims to TOP that:
    (A) You become aware that the debtor is a member of a participating 
household that is having its allotment reduced to collect the claim; or
    (B) Fall into any other category designated by us as non-referable 
to TOP.
    (2) Notifying debtors of referral to TOP. (i) As a State agency, you 
must notify the debtor of the impending referral to TOP according to our 
instructions relating to:
    (A) What constitutes an adequate address to send the notice;
    (B) What specific language will be included in the TOP referral 
notice;
    (C) What will be the appropriate time frames and appeal rights; and
    (D) Any other information that we determine necessary to fulfill all 
due process and other legal requirements as well as to adequately inform 
the debtor of the impending action.
    (ii) You must also follow our instructions regarding procedures 
connected with responding to inquiries, subsequent reviews and hearings, 
and any other procedures determined by us as necessary in the debtor 
notification process.
    (3) Effect on debtors. (i) If you, as a debtor, have your claim 
referred to TOP, any eligible Federal payment that you are owed may be 
intercepted through TOP.
    (ii) You may also be responsible for paying any collection or 
processing fees charged by the Federal government to intercept your 
payment.
    (4) Procedures when a claim is in TOP. (i) As a State agency, you 
must follow FNS and Treasury procedures when the claim is in TOP.
    (ii) You must remove a claim from TOP if:
    (A) FNS or Treasury instruct you to remove the debt; or
    (B) You discover that:
    (1) The debtor is a member of a food stamp household undergoing 
allotment reduction;
    (2) The claim is paid up;
    (3) The claim is disposed of through a hearing, termination, 
compromise or any other means;
    (4) The claim was referred to TOP in error; or
    (5) You make an arrangement with the debtor to resume payments.
    (5) Receiving and reporting. As a State agency, you must follow our 
procedures on receiving and reporting TOP payments.
    (6) Security or confidentiality agreements. As a State agency, you 
must follow our procedures regarding any security or confidentiality 
agreements or processes necessary for TOP participation.

[65 FR 41775, July 6, 2000; 65 FR 47587, Aug. 2, 2000]

[[Page 755]]


    Effective Date Note: At 65 FR 41775, July 6, 2000, Sec. 273.18 was 
revised, effective Aug. 1, 2000, except for paragraphs (c)(1)(ii)(B), 
(f), and (g), which were effective Aug. 22, 1996. At 65 FR 47587, Aug. 
2, 2000, the effective date was corrected from August 1, 2000, to read 
August 1, 2001, and Sec. 273.18 was amended by correctly revising 
paragraph (e)(3)(iv), effective Aug. 1, 2001. For your convenience, the 
superseded text follows:

Sec. 273.18  Claims against households.

    (a) Establishing claims against households. All adult household 
members shall be jointly and severally liable for the value of any 
overissuance of benefits to the household. The State agency shall 
establish a claim against any household that has received more food 
stamp benefits than it is entitled to receive or any household which 
contains an adult member who was an adult member of another household 
that received more food stamp benefits than it was entitled to receive.
    (1) Inadvertent household error claims. A claim shall be handled as 
an inadvertent household error claim if the overissuance was caused by:
    (i) A misunderstanding or unintended error on the part of the 
household;
    (ii) A misunderstanding or unintended error on the part of a 
categorically eligible household provided a claim can be calculated 
based on a change in net income and/or household size amount;
    (iii) SSA action of failure to take action which resulted in the 
household's categorical eligibility provided a claim can be calculated 
based on a change in net income and/or household size.
    (2) Administrative error claims. A claim shall be handled as an 
administrative error claim if the overissuance was caused by State 
agency action or failure to take action or, in the case of categorical 
eligibility, an action by an agency of the State or local government 
which resulted in the household's improper eligibility for public 
assistance or general assistance provided a claim can be calculated 
based on a change in net income and/or household size.
    (3) Intentional Program violation claims. A claim shall be handled 
as an intentional Program violation claim only if an administrative 
disqualification hearing official or a court of appropriate jurisdiction 
has determined that a household member committed intentional Program 
violation as defined in Sec. 273.16(c), or an individual is disqualified 
as a result of signing either a waiver of his/her disqualification 
hearing as discussed in Sec. 273.16(f) or a disqualification consent 
agreement in cases referred for prosecution as discussed in 
Sec. 273.16(h). Prior to the determination of intentional Program 
violation or the signing of either a waiver of right to a 
disqualification hearing or a disqualification consent agreement in 
cases of deferred adjudication, the claim against the household shall be 
handled as an inadvertent household error claim.
    (b) Criteria for establishing inadvertent household and 
administrative error claims. The State agency shall take action to 
establish a claim against any household that received an overissuance 
due to an inadvertent household or administrative error if the criteria 
specified in this paragraph have been met. At a minimum, the State 
agency shall take action on those claims for which 12 months or less 
have elasped between the month an overissuence occurred and the month 
the State agency discovered a specific case involving an overissuance. 
The State agency may choose to take action on those claims for which 
more than 12 months have elasped. However, the State agency shall not 
take action on claims for which more than six years have elasped between 
the month an overissuance occurred and the month the State agency 
discovered a specific case involving an overissuance.
    (1) Instances of inadvertent household error which may result in a 
claim include, but are not limited to, the following:
    (i) The household unintentionally failed to provide the State agency 
with correct or complete information;
    (ii) The household unintentionally failed to report to the State 
agency changes in its household circumstances; or
    (iii) The household unintentionally received benefits or more 
benefits than it was entitled to receive pending a fair hearing decision 
because the household requested a continuation of benefits based on the 
mistaken belief that it was entitled to such benefits.
    (iv) The household was receiving food stamps solely because of 
categorical eligibility and the household was subsequently determined 
ineligible for PA, or GA and/or SSI at the time they received it.
    (v) The SSA took an action or failed to take the appropriate action, 
which resulted in the household improperly receiving SSI.
    (2) Instances of administrative error which may result in a claim 
include, but are not limited to, the following:
    (i) A State agency failed to take prompt action on a change reported 
by the household;
    (ii) A State agency incorrectly computed the household's income or 
deductions, or otherwise assigned an incorrect allotment;
    (iii) A State agency incorrectly issued duplicate ATP's to a 
household which were subsequently transacted;
    (iv) The State agency continued to provide household food stamp 
allotments after its certification period had expired without benefit of 
a reapplication determination; or

[[Page 756]]

    (v) The State agency failed to provide a household a reduced level 
of food stamp benefits because its public assistance grant changed.
    (vi) An agency of the State or local government took an action or 
failed to take an appropriate action, which resulted in the household 
improperly receiving PA or GA.
    (3) Neither an administrative error claim nor an inadvertent 
household error claim shall be established if an overissuance occurred 
as a result of the following:
    (i) A State agency failed to insure that a household fulfilled the 
following procedural requirements:
    (A) Signed the application form,
    (B) Completed a current work registration form, or
    (C) Was certified in the correct project area;
    (ii) The household transacted an expired ATP, unless the household 
altered its ATP.
    (c) Calculating the amount of claims--(1) Inadvertent household and 
administrative error claims. (i) For each month that a household 
received an overissuance due to an inadvertent household or 
administrative error, the State agency shall determine the correct 
amount of food stamp benefits the household was entitled to receive. The 
amount of the inadvertent household or administrative error claim shall 
be calculated based, at a minimum, on the amount of overissuance which 
occurred during the 12 months preceding the date the overissuance was 
discovered. The State agency may choose to calculate the amount of the 
claim back to the month the inadvertent household or administrative 
error occurred, regardless of the length of time that elapsed until the 
inadvertent household or administrative error was discovered. However, 
the State agency shall not include in its calculation any amount of the 
overissuance which occurred in a month more than six years from the date 
the overissuance was discovered. In cases involving reported changes, 
the State agency shall determine the month the overissuance initially 
occurred as follows:
    (A) If, due to an inadvertent error on the part of the household, 
the household failed to report a change in its circumstances within the 
required timeframes, the first month affected by the household's failure 
to report shall be the first month in which the change would have been 
effective had it been timely reported. However, in no event shall the 
State agency determine as the first month in which the change would have 
been effective any month later than two months from the month in which 
the change in household circumstances occurred.
    (B) If the household timely reported a change, but the State agency 
did not act on the change within the required timeframes, the first 
month affected by the State's failure to act shall be the first month 
the State agency would have made the change effective had it timely 
acted. However, in no event shall the State agency determine as the 
first month in which the change would have been effective any month 
later than two months from the month in which the change in household 
circumstances occurred. If a notice of adverse action was required but 
was not provided, the State agency shall assume for the purpose of 
calculating the claim that the maximum advance notice period as provided 
in Sec. 273.13(a)(1) would have expired without the household requesting 
a fair hearing.
    (ii) If the household received a larger allotment than it was 
entitled to receive, the State agency shall establish a claim against 
the household equal to the difference between the allotment the 
household received and the allotment the household should have received. 
For categorically eligible households, a claim will only be determined 
when it can be computed on the basis of changed household net income 
and/or household size. A claim shall not be established if there was not 
a change in net income and/or household size.
    (iii) After calculating the amount of the inadvertent household or 
administrative error claim, the State agency shall offset the amount of 
the claim against any amounts which have not yet been restored to the 
household in accordance with Sec. 273.17. The State agency shall then 
initiate collection action for the remaining balance, if any.
    (2) Intentional Program violation claims. (i) For each month that a 
household received an overissuance due to an act of intentional Program 
violation, the State agency shall determine the correct amount of food 
stamp benefits, if any, the household was entitled to receive. The 
amount of the intentional Program violation claim shall be calculated 
back to the month the act of intentional Program violation occurred, 
regardless of the length of time that elapsed until the determination of 
intentional Program violation was made. However, the State agency shall 
not include in its calculation any amount of the overissuance which 
occurred in a month more than six years from the date the overissuance 
was discovered. If the household member is determined to have committed 
intentional Program violation by intentionally failing to report a 
change in its household's circumstances, the first month affected by the 
household's failure to report shall be the first month in which the 
change would have been effective had it been reported. However, in no 
event shall the State agency determine as the first month in which the 
change would have been effective any month later than two months from 
the month in which the change in household circumstances occurred.
    (ii) If the household received a larger allotment than it was 
entitled to receive, the

[[Page 757]]

State agency shall establish a claim against the household equal to the 
difference between the allotment the household received and the 
allotment the household should have received. In calculating IPV claims 
involving unreported earned income, the State agency shall not apply the 
earned income deduction specified in Sec. 273.9(d)(2) to that part of 
any earned income which a household willfully or fraudulently failed to 
report in a timely manner as determined by one of the disqualification 
procedures specified in Sec. 273.16, which are: an administrative 
disqualification hearing; a waiver to such a hearing; a court order; or 
a deferred adjudication.
    (iii) Once the amount of the intentional Program violation claim is 
established, the State agency shall offset the claim against any amount 
of lost benefits that have not yet been restored to the household in 
accordance with Sec. 273.17.
    (d) Collecting claims against households--(1) Criteria for 
initiating collection action on inadvertent household and administrative 
error claims.
    (i) State agencies shall initiate collection action against the 
household on all inadvertent household or administrative error claims 
unless the claim is collected through offset or one of the following 
conditions apply:
    (A) The total amount of the claim is less than $35, and the claim 
cannot be recovered by reducing the household's allotment. However, any 
State agency shall have the option to initiate collection action for 
other claims under $35 at such time that multiple overissuances for a 
household total $35 or more. If the State agency chooses this option, 
households shall be informed of this policy.
    (B) The State agency has documentation which shows that the 
household cannot be located.
    (ii) The State agency may postpone collection action on inadvertent 
household error claims in cases where an overissuance is being referred 
for possible prosecution or for administrative disqualification, and the 
State agency determines that collection action will prejudice the case.
    (2) Criteria for initiating collection action on intentional Program 
violation claims. If a household member is found to have committed 
intentional Program violation (by an administrative disqualification 
hearing official or a court of appropriate jurisdiction) or has signed 
either a waiver as discussed in Sec. 273.16(f) or a consent agreement as 
discussed in Sec. 273.16(h), the State agency shall initiate collection 
action against the individual's household. In addition, a personal 
contact with the household shall be made, if possible. The State agency 
shall initiate such collection unless the household has repaid the 
overissuance already, the State agency has documentation which shows the 
household cannot be located, or the State agency determines that 
collection action will prejudice the case against a household member 
referred for prosecution. The State agency shall initiate collection 
action for an unpaid or partially paid claim even if collection action 
was previously initiated against the household while the claim was being 
handled as an inadvertent household error claim. In cases where a 
household member was found guilty of misrepresentation or fraud by a 
court or signed a disqualification consent agreement in cases referred 
for prosecution, the State agency shall request that the matter of 
restitution be brought before the court or addressed in the agreement 
reached between the prosecutor and accused individual.
    (3) Initiating collection on claims. Each State agency shall develop 
a written demand letter for initiating collection action on claims which 
contains the information required by this paragraph. A model letter is 
available from FNS. If the claim was not established by a fair hearing, 
the State agency shall provide a notice of adverse action as part of or 
along with the demand letter, as specified in Sec. 273.13. The notice of 
adverse action shall be sent on all claims established after March 26, 
1990 and on any preexisting claims if at any time after the effective 
date of these provisions a follow-up demand letter is sent on that 
claim. A one-time adverse action notice accompanying the original demand 
letter, or incorporated into it, which informs recipients they have 90 
days to appeal the claim, satisfies the notice provisions.
    (i) The demand letter shall inform the household of the amount owed, 
the reason for the claim, the period of time the claim covers, any 
offset which reduces the claim and how the household may pay the claim. 
If the amount of the claim was not established at a fair hearing, 
including one consolidated with an administrative disqualification 
hearing, the latter shall notify the household that it may request a 
fair hearing on the amount of the claim.
    (ii) The demand letter shall advise the household of the 
availability of any individual or organization which provides households 
free legal representation.
    (iii) For inadvertent household error claims, the first demand 
letter to a participating household shall inform the household:
    (A) That unless it elects a method of repayment and informs the 
State agency of its election within the time specified in paragraph 
(d)(4)(i) of this section, or timely requests a fair hearing and 
continued benefits, its allotment will be reduced;
    (B) How allotment reduction will affect household benefits, if the 
State agency has not otherwise informed the household about this matter;
    (C) That if the household timely elects allotment reduction, such 
reduction will begin

[[Page 758]]

with the first allotment issued after such election, as provided in 
Sec. 273.12(c)(2) of this part; and
    (D) That if the household fails to make a timely election, or to 
timely request a fair hearing and continued benefits, the reduction will 
begin with the first allotment issued after timely notice of such 
election or request is due to the State agency, as provided in 
Sec. 273.12(c)(2) of this part.
    (iv) For inadvertent household error claims, a demand letter 
provided to a participating household subsequent to a fair hearing which 
sustains the claim shall inform the household:
    (A) That unless it elects a method of repayment and informs the 
State agency of its election within the time specified in paragraph 
(d)(4)(i) of this section, its allotment will be reduced;
    (B) How allotment reduction will affect household benefits, if the 
State agency has not otherwise informed the household about this matter;
    (C) That if the household timely elects allotment reduction, such 
reduction will begin with the first allotment issued after such 
election, as provided in Sec. 273.12(c)(2) of this part; and
    (D) That if the household fails to make a timely election, the 
reduction will begin with the first allotment issued after timely notice 
of such election is due to the State agency, as provided in 
Sec. 273.12(c)(2) of this part.
    (v) For intentional Program violation claims, the first demand 
letter provided a participating household following the action which 
establishes the claim, as required in Sec. 237.16 of this part, shall 
inform the household:
    (A) That it must elect a method of repayment and inform the State 
agency of its election within the time specified in paragraph (d)(4)(ii) 
of this section, or its allotment will be reduced;
    (B) How allotment reduction will affect household benefits, if the 
State agency has not otherwise informed the household;
    (C) That if the household timely elects allotment reduction, such 
reduction will begin with the first allotment issued after such 
election, as provided in Sec. 273.12(c)(2) of this part; and
    (D) That if the household fails to make a timely election, the 
reduction will begin with the first allotment issued 10 days after the 
date of the demand letter, as provided in Sec. 273.12(c)(2) of this 
part.
    (vi) If the State agency has implemented the intercept of 
unemployment compensation benefits as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of 
this section, the demand letter shall inform the household of this 
voluntary method of repayment of claims for intentional program 
violations.
    (vii) If the State agency is required to use other means of 
collecting claims for intentional Program violations as specified in 
paragraph (d)(4)(iii) of this section, the letter shall inform the 
household of those other means and the circumstances in which they may 
be used by the State agency.
    (viii) The demand letter shall inform the household of the 
availability of allotment reduction as a voluntary method of repayment 
of administrative error claims.
    (ix) The demand letter shall inform a household against which the 
State agency has initiated collection action of its right to request 
renegotiation of any repayment schedule to which the household has 
agreed in accordance with paragraph (g)(2) of this section in the event 
the household's economic circumstances change.
    (x) The demand letter shall provide space for the household to 
indicate its preferred method of repayment and for the signature of a 
household member.
    (4) Further collection actions. (i) Inadvertent household error 
claims. Participating households which are liable for inadvertent 
household error claims shall be deemed to have elected allotment 
reduction unless they notify the State agency of their choice of 
repayment method within 20 days of the date an initial demand letter, or 
a demand letter for payment following a fair hearing which sustains the 
claim, is mailed or otherwise delivered to them.
    (ii) Intentional Program violation claims. Participating households 
which are liable for intentional Program violation claims shall elect a 
method of repayment on the date of receipt of the demand letter required 
in Sec. 273.16(e)(9) and (g)(3) of this part (or if the date of receipt 
is not a business day, on the next business day) or be deemed to have 
elected allotment reduction. Each State agency shall determine a 
deadline for receipt of such elections for them to be considered timely. 
In no event shall that deadline exceed 10 days from the date the demand 
letter is mailed or otherwise delivered to liable households.
    (iii) If any nonparticipating household or if any currently 
participating household against which collection action has been 
initiated for repayment of an administrative error claim does not 
respond to the first demand letter, additional demand letters shall be 
sent at reasonable intervals, such as 30 days, until the household has 
responded by paying or agreeing to pay the claim, until the criteria for 
suspending collection action specified in paragraph (e) of this section 
have been met, or until the State agency initiates other collection 
actions.
    (iv) The State agency shall pursue other means of collection 
actions, as appropriate, to obtain restitution of a claim against any 
household which fails to respond to a written

[[Page 759]]

demand letter for repayment of any intentional program violation claim 
unless the State agency can determine that such other means are 
generally not cost effective. The State agency may also pursue other 
collection actions, as appropriate, to obtain restitution of a claim 
against any household which fails to respond to a written demand letter 
for repayment of any inadvertent household error or administrative error 
claim. If the State agency chooses to pursue other collection actions 
and the household pays the claim, payments shall be submitted to FNS in 
accordance with the procedures outlined in paragraph (h) of this section 
and the State agency's retention shall be based on the actual amount 
collected from the household through such collection actions.
    (e) Suspending and terminating collection of claims--(1) Suspending 
collection of inadvertent household and administrative error claims. An 
inadvertent household or administrative error claim may be suspended if 
no collection action was initiated because of conditions specified in 
paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section. If collection action was initiated, 
and at least one demand letter has been sent, further collection action 
of an inadvertent household error claim against a nonparticipating 
household or of any administrative error claim may be suspended when:
    (i) The household cannot be located; or
    (ii) The cost of further collection action is likely to exceed the 
amount that can be recovered.
    (2) Suspending collection of intentional Program violation claims. 
The State agency may suspend collection action on intentional Program 
violation claims at any time if it has documentation that the household 
cannot be located. If the State agency has sent at least one demand 
letter for claims under $100, at least two demand letters for claims 
between $100 and $400, and at least three demand letters for claims of 
more than $400, further collection action of any intentional Program 
violation claim against a nonparticipating household may be suspended 
when the cost of further collection action is likely to exceed the 
amount that can be recovered.
    (3) Terminating collection of claims. A claim may be determined 
uncollectible after it is held in suspense for 3 years. The State agency 
may use a suspended or terminated claim to offset benefits in accordance 
with Sec. 273.17.
    (f) Change in household composition. State agencies shall initiate 
collection action against any or all of the adult members of a household 
at the time an overissuance occurred. Therefore, if a change in 
household composition occurs, State agencies may pursue collection 
action against any household which has a member who was an adult member 
of the household that received the overissuance. The State agency may 
also offset the amount of the claim against restored benefits owed to 
any household which contains a member who was an adult member of the 
original household at the time the overissuance occurred. Under no 
circumstances may a State agency collect more than the amount of the 
claim. In pursuing claims, the State agency may use any of the 
appropriate methods of collecting payments in Sec. 273.18(g).
    (g) Method of collecting payments. As specified in paragraph (d) of 
this section, State agencies shall collect payments for claims against 
households as follows:
    (1) Lump sum. (i) If the household is financially able to pay the 
claim at one time, the State agency shall collect a lump sum cash 
payment. However, the household shall not be required to liquidate all 
of its resources to make this one lump sum payment.
    (ii) If the household is financially unable to pay the entire amount 
of the claim at one time and prefers to make a lump sum cash payment as 
partial payment of the claim, the State agency shall accept this method 
of payment.
    (iii) If the household chooses to make a lump sum payment of food 
stamp coupons as full or partial payment of the claim, the State agency 
shall accept this method of repayment.
    (2) Installments. (i) The State agency shall negotiate a payment 
schedule with the household for repayment of any amounts of the claim 
not repaid through a lump sum payment. Payments shall be accepted by the 
State agency in regular installments. The household may use food stamp 
coupons as full or partial payment of any installment. If the full claim 
or remaining amount of the claim cannot be liquidated in 3 years, the 
State agency may compromise the claim by reducing it to an amount that 
will allow the household to pay the claim in 3 years. A State agency may 
use the full amount of the claim (including any amount compromised) to 
offset benefits in accordance with Sec. 273.17.
    (ii) If the household fails to make a payment in accordance with the 
established repayment schedule (either a lesser amount or no payment), 
the State agency shall send the household a notice explaining that no 
payment or an insufficient payment was received. The notice shall inform 
the household that it may contact the State agency to discuss 
renegotiation of the payment schedule. The notice shall also inform the 
household that unless the overdue payments are made or the State agency 
is contacted to discuss renegotiation of the payment schedule, the 
allotment of a currently participating household against which an 
inadvertent household error or intentional Program violation claim has 
been established may be reduced without a notice of adverse action.
    (iii) If the household responds to the notice, the State agency 
shall take one of the following actions as appropriate:

[[Page 760]]

    (A) If the household makes the overdue payments and wishes to 
continue payments based on the previous schedule, permit the household 
to do so;
    (B) If the household requests renegotiation, and if the State agency 
concurs with the request, negotiate a new payment schedule;
    (C) If the household requests renegotiation of the amount of its 
repayment schedule but the State agency believes that the household's 
economic circumstances have not changed enough to warrant the requested 
settlement, the State agency may continue renegotiation until a 
settlement can be reached. The State agency shall have the option to 
invoke allotment reduction against a currently participating household 
for repayment of an inadvertent household error or intentional Program 
violation claim if a settlement cannot be reached.
    (iv) If a currently participating household against which an 
inadvertent household error or intentional Program violation claims has 
been established fails to respond to the notice, the State agency shall 
invoke allotment reduction. The State agency may also invoke allotment 
reduction if such a household responds by requesting renegotiation of 
the amount of its repayment schedule but the State agency believes that 
the household's economic circumstances have not changed enough to 
warrant the requested settlement. If allotment reduction is invoked, no 
notice of adverse action is required.
    (v) In cases where the household is currently participating in the 
program and a payment schedule is negotiated for repayment of an 
inadvertent household error or intentional Program violation claim, the 
State agency shall ensure that the negotiated amount to be repaid each 
month through installment payments is not less than the amount which 
could be recovered through allotment reduction. Once negotiated, the 
amount to be repaid each month through installment payments shall remain 
unchanged regardless of subsequent changes in the household's monthly 
allotment. However, both the State agency and the household shall have 
the option to initiate renegotiation of the payment schedule if they 
believe that the household's economic circumstances have changed enough 
to warrant such action.
    (3) Intercept of unemployment compensation benefits. State agencies 
which have an approved attachment to their Plan of Operation permitting 
the intercept of unemployment compensation benefits for the collection 
of claims for intentional program violations may arrange for such 
intercept as provided in Sec. 272.12. Collections made by such 
intercepts shall be treated as lump sum or installment payments as 
discussed in paragraph (g) (1) and (2) of this section.
    (4) Reduction in food stamp allotment. State agencies shall collect 
payments for inadvertent household error claims and intentional Program 
violation claims from households currently participating in the program 
by reducing the household's food stamp allotments. State agencies shall 
collect payments for administrative error claims from households 
currently participating in the program by reducing the household's food 
stamp allotments if the household prefers to use this method of 
repayment. Prior to reduction, the State agency shall inform the 
household of the appropriate formula for determining the amount of food 
stamps to be recovered each month and the effect of that formula on the 
household's allotment (i.e., the amount of food stamps the State agency 
expects will be recovered each month), and of the availability of other 
methods of repayment. If the household requests to make a lump sum cash 
and/or food stamp coupon payment as full or partial payment of the 
claim, the State agency shall accept this method of payment. The State 
agency shall reduce the household's allotment to recover any amounts of 
an inadvertent household error or intentional Program violation claim 
not repaid through a lump sum cash and/or food stamp coupon payment, 
unless a payment schedule has been negotiated with the household. The 
provision for the minimum benefit for households with one and two 
members only, as described in Sec. 273.10(e)(2)(ii)(C), shall apply to 
the allotment prior to reduction in accordance with this paragraph. If 
the full or remaining amount of the claim cannot be liquidated in 3 
years, the State agency may compromise the claim by reducing it to an 
amount that will allow the household to make restitution within 3 years. 
A State agency may use the full amount of the claim (including any 
amount compromised) to offset benefits in accordance with Sec. 273.17. 
The amount of food stamps to be recovered each month through allotment 
reduction shall be determined as follows:
    (i) Inadvertent household error claims. For inadvertent household 
error claims, the amount of food stamps shall be the greater of 10 
percent of the household's monthly allotment or $10 per month.
    (ii) Administrative error claims. For administrative error claims, 
the amount of food stamps to be recovered each month from a household 
choosing to use this method shall be negotiated with the household. 
Choice of this option is entirely up to the household and no household 
shall have its allotment reduced by an amount with which it does not 
agree for payment of an administrative error claim.
    (iii) Intentional Program violation claims. For intentional Program 
violation claims, the amount of food stamps shall be the

[[Page 761]]

greater of 20 percent of the household's monthly entitlement or $10 per 
month.
    (5) Federal income tax refund offset program--(i) General 
requirements. State agencies which choose to implement the Federal 
income tax refund offset program (FTROP) shall:
    (A) Submit an amendment to their Plan of Operation as specified in 
Section 272.2(d)(1)(xii) of this chapter stating that they will comply 
with the requirements for FTROP and with the requirements for the 
Federal Salary Offset Program (salary offset). Such amendments shall be 
submitted to the appropriate FNS regional office no later than twelve 
months before the beginning of a State agency's first offset year.
    (B) Submit data for FTROP to FNS in the record formats specified by 
FNS and/or the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and according to 
schedules and by means of magnetic tape, electronic data transmission or 
other method specified by FNS.
    (ii) Claims referable for offset. State agencies may submit for 
collection from Federal income tax refunds recipient claims which are 
past due and legally enforceable.
    (A) Such claims must be:
    (1) Only inadvertent household error claims or intentional Program 
violation claims. These claims shall be properly established according 
to the requirements of this section (which pertains to claims against 
households) and the requirements of section 273.16 (which pertains to 
disqualification for intentional Program violations). In addition, these 
claims shall be properly established no later than the date the State 
transmits its final request for IRS addresses for the particular offset 
year. Furthermore, the State agency shall have electronic records and/or 
paper documents showing that the claim was properly established. These 
records and documents include such items as claim demand letters, 
results of fair hearings, advance notices of disqualification hearings, 
results of such hearings, and records of payments.
    (2) Claims for which the State agency has verified that no 
individual who is jointly and severally liable as specified in paragraph 
(a) of this section is also currently participating in the FSP in the 
State.
    (3) Claims which meet at least the minimum dollar amount established 
by the IRS.
    (4) Claims for which the date of the initial demand letter is within 
10 years of January 31 of the offset year, except that claims reduced to 
final court judgments ordering individuals to pay the debt are not 
subject to this 10-year limitation.
    (5) Claims for which the State agency is receiving neither regular 
voluntary payments nor regular, involuntary payments such as wage 
garnishment. Claims for which a State agency has been receiving regular 
payments under paragraph (g)(2) of this section are considered past due 
and legally enforceable if the individual does not respond to a notice 
of default as specified in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
    (6) Claims for which collection is not barred by a bankruptcy.
    (7) Claims for which the State agency has provided the individual 
with all of the notification and opportunities for review as specified 
in paragraphs (g)(5)(iii), (g)(5)(iv), (g)(5)(v) and (g)(5)(vi) of this 
section.
    (B) In addition:
    (1) All claims to be submitted for collection under FTROP shall be 
reduced by any amounts subject to collection from State income tax 
refunds or from other sources which may result in collections during the 
offset year.
    (2) If a claim to be submitted for collection under FTROP is a 
combination of two or more recipient claims, the date of the initial 
demand letter for each claim combined shall be within the 10-year range 
specified in paragraph (g)(5)(ii)(A)(4) of this section. Claims reduced 
to judgment shall not be combined with claims which are not reduced to 
judgment.
    (3) If a claim to be submitted under FTROP is apportioned between 
two or more individuals who are jointly and severally liable for the 
claim pursuant to paragraphs (a) and (f) of this section, the sum of the 
amounts submitted shall not exceed the total amount of the claim.
    (iii) 60-Day notice to individuals. (A) Prior to referring claims 
for collection under FTROP, the State agency shall provide individuals 
from whom it seeks to collect such claims with a notice, called a 60-day 
notice. For offset year 1996, State agencies have the option of 
providing the 60-day notice specified in paragraph (g)(5)(iv) of this 
section or in paragraph (g)(5)(x) of this section. For offset year 1997 
and subsequent years, State agencies shall provide the 60-day notice 
specified in paragraph (g)(5)(iv).
    (B) With the exception of such State-specific information as names 
and job titles and information required for State agency contacts, a 
State agency's 60-day notice shall contain only the information 
specified in paragraph (g)(5)(iv) of this section. In the certification 
letter required in paragraph (g)(5)(vii) of this section, the State 
agency shall include a statement that its 60-day notice conforms to this 
requirement. This requirement shall not apply to State agencies which 
choose to use the 60-day specified in paragraph (g)(5)(x) of this 
section for offset year 1996.
    (C) Unless otherwise notified by FNS, the State agency shall mail 
60-day notices for claims to be referred for collection through FTROP no 
later than October 1 preceding the offset year during which the claims 
would be offset.
    (D) The State agency shall mail 60-day notices using the address 
information provided

[[Page 762]]

by the IRS unless the State agency receives clear and concise 
notification from the taxpayer that notices from the State agency are to 
be sent to an address different from the address obtained from the IRS. 
Such clear and concise notification shall mean that the taxpayer has 
provided the State agency with written notification including the 
taxpayer's name and identifying number (which is generally the 
taxpayer's SSN), the taxpayer's new address, and the taxpayer's intent 
to have notices from the State agency sent to the new address. Claims 
for which 60-day notices addressed as required in this paragraph are 
returned as undeliverable may be referred for collection under FTROP.
    (iv) Contents of the 60-day notice. Except that the language set out 
in paragraph (g)(5)(iv)(C) of this section shall not be included in the 
notice for offset year 1996, the State agency's 60-day notice shall 
state that:
    (A) [Name of the State agency or an equivalent phrase] has records 
documenting that you, [the name of the individual], Social Security 
Number: [the individual's Social Security Number] are liable for [the 
unpaid balance of the recipient claim(s) the State agency intends to 
refer] resulting from overissued food stamp benefits. [The name of the 
State agency or equivalent phrase] has previously mailed or otherwise 
delivered demand letters notifying you about the claim, including the 
right to a fair hearing on the claim, and has made any other required 
collection efforts.
    (B) The Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, as amended, authorizes the 
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to deduct such debts from tax refunds if 
they are past due and legally enforceable. [Name of the State agency or 
an equivalent phrase] has determined that your debt is past due and 
legally enforceable as specified by the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, 
the IRS regulations, and Food Stamp Program (FSP) regulations. We intend 
to refer the claim for deduction from your Federal income tax refund 
unless you pay the claim within 60 days of the date of the notice or 
make other repayment arrangements acceptable to us.
    (C) If we refer your claim to the IRS, a charge for the 
administrative cost of collection will be added to your claim and that 
amount will also be deducted if the claim, or any portion of the claim, 
is deducted from your tax refund. This charge will be approximately [the 
amount provided by FNS].
    (D) All adults who were household members when excess food stamp 
benefits were issued to the household are jointly and severally liable 
for the value of those benefits, and collection of claims for such 
benefits may be pursued against all such individuals.
    (E) Our records do not show that the claim is being paid according 
to either a voluntary agreement with us or through scheduled, 
involuntary payments. To pay the claim voluntarily or to discuss it, you 
should contact: [an office, administrative unit and/or individual, the 
contact's street address or post office box, and a toll-free or collect 
telephone number].
    (F) You are entitled to request a review of the intended collection 
action. We must receive your request for review within 60 days of the 
date of this notice. Such a request must be written, must be submitted 
to the address provided in this notice and must contain your Social 
Security Number. We will not refer your claim for offset while our 
review is pending.
    (G) The claim is not legally enforceable if a bankruptcy prevents 
collection of the claim.
    (H) You may want to contact your local office of the IRS before 
filing your Federal income tax return. This is true where you are filing 
a joint return, and your spouse is not liable for the food stamp claim 
and has income and withholding and/or estimated Federal income tax 
payments. In such circumstances your spouse may be entitled to receive 
his or her portion of any joint refund. Your own liability for this 
claim, including any charge for administrative costs, may still be 
collected from your share of such a joint refund.
    (I) If you request a review of our intent to collect the claim from 
your income tax refund, you should provide documentation showing that at 
least one of the items listed below is incorrect for the claim cited in 
this notice. If you do not have such documentation, for example a 
cancelled check, you should explain in detail why you believe that the 
claim is not collectible under the Federal Income Tax Refund Offset 
Program.
    (J) The claim cited in this notice is subject to collection from 
your tax refund for the following reasons:
    (1) The claim was properly established according to Food Stamp 
Program regulations and was caused by an inadvertent household error or 
an intentional Program violation;
    (2) No individual who is jointly and severally liable for the claim 
is also currently participating in the Food Stamp Program in [the name 
of State initiating the collection action];
    (3) The claim is for at least [the minimum dollar amount required by 
the IRS];
    (4) The date of the initial demand letter for the claim is within 10 
years of January 31, [the offset year]. If the claim was reduced to a 
final court judgment ordering you to pay the debt, this 10-year period 
does not apply, and the date of the initial demand letter may be older 
than 10 years; and
    (5) We are neither receiving voluntary payments pursuant to an 
agreed upon schedule of payments as provided in current Food Stamp 
Program regulations nor are we receiving scheduled, involuntary payments 
such as wage garnishment. Claims for which

[[Page 763]]

we have been receiving regular payments under current Food Stamp Program 
regulations are considered past due and legally enforceable if you did 
not respond to a notice of default.
    (K) In addition, collection of the claim is not barred by 
bankruptcy.
    (v) State agency action on requests for review. (A) For all written 
requests for review received within 60 days of the date of the 60-day 
notice, the State agency shall determine whether or not the subject 
claims are past due and legally enforceable, and shall notify 
individuals in writing of the result of such determinations.
    (B) The State agency shall determine whether or not claims are past 
due and legally enforceable based on a review of its records, and of 
documentation, evidence or other information the individual may submit.
    (C) If the State agency decides that a claim for which a review 
request is received is past due and legally enforceable, it shall notify 
the individual that:
    (1) The claim was determined past due and legally enforceable, and 
the reason for that determination. Acceptable reasons for such a 
determination include the individual's failure to provide adequate 
documentation that the claim is not past due or legally enforceable;
    (2) The State agency intends to refer the claim to the IRS for 
offset;
    (3) The individual may ask FNS to review the State agency decision. 
FNS must receive the request for review within 30 days of the date of 
the State agency decision. FNS will provide the individual a written 
response to such a request stating its decision and the reasons for its 
decision. The claim will not be referred to the IRS for offset pending 
the FNS decision; and
    (4) A request for an FNS review must include the individual's SSN 
and must be sent to the appropriate FNS regional office. The State 
agency decision shall provide the address of that regional office, 
including in that address the phrase ``Tax Offset Review.''
    (D) If the State agency determines that the claim is not past due or 
legally enforceable, in addition to notifying the individual that the 
claim will not be referred for offset, the State agency shall take any 
actions required by food stamp regulations with respect to establishing 
the claim, including holding appropriate hearings and initiating 
collection action.
    (E) The State agency shall not refer for offset a claim for which a 
timely State agency review request is received unless by October 31 
preceding the offset year the State agency determines the claim past due 
and legally enforceable, and notifies the individual of that decision as 
specified in paragraphs (g)(5)(v)(C)(1), (g)(5)(v)(C)(2), and 
(g)(5)(v)(C)(3) of this section.
    (vi) FNS action on appeals of State agency reviews. (A) FNS shall 
act on all timely requests for FNS reviews of State agency review 
decisions as specified in paragraph (g)(5)(v)(C) of this section. A 
request for FNS review is timely if it is received by FNS within 30 days 
of the date of the State agency's review decision.
    (B) If a timely request for FNS review is received, and the State 
agency's decision is dated on or before October 31 of the year prior to 
the offset year, FNS shall:
    (1) Complete a review and notification as specified in paragraphs 
(g)(5)(vi)(C), (g)(5)(vi)(D), and (g)(5)(vi)(E) of this section, 
including providing State agencies and individuals the required 
notification of its decision; or
    (2) Notify the State agency that it has not completed its review and 
that the State agency must delete the claims in question from files to 
be certified to FNS according to paragraph (g)(5)(vii) of this section. 
If FNS fails to timely notify the State agency and because of that 
failure a claim is offset which FNS later finds does not meet the 
criteria specified in paragraph (g)(5)(ii) of this section, FNS will 
provide funds to the State agency for refunding the charge for the 
offset fee.
    (C) If a timely request for FNS review is received, and the State 
agency's decision is dated after October 31 of the year prior to the 
offset year, FNS shall complete a review as specified in paragraphs 
(g)(5)(vi)(D), (g)(5)(vi)(E) and (g)(5)(vi)(F) of this section, but the 
claim shall not be referred for offset as specified in paragraph 
(g)(5)(v)(E) of this section.
    (D) When FNS receives an individual's request to review a State 
agency decision, FNS shall:
    (1) Request pertinent documentation from the State agency about the 
claim. Such documentation shall include such things as printouts of 
electronic records and/or copies of claim demand letters, results of 
fair hearings, advance notices of disqualification hearings, the results 
of such hearings, records of payments, 60-day notices, review requests 
and documentation, decision letters, and pertinent records of such 
things as telephone conversations; and
    (2) Decide whether the State agency correctly determined the claim 
in question is past due and legally enforceable.
    (E) If FNS finds that the State agency correctly determined that the 
claim is past due and legally enforceable, FNS will notify the State 
agency and individual of its decision, and the reason(s) for that 
decision, including notice to the individual that any further appeal 
must be made through the courts.
    (F) If FNS finds that the State agency incorrectly determined that 
the claim is past due and legally enforceable, FNS will notify

[[Page 764]]

the State agency and individual of its decision, and the reason(s) for 
that decision. FNS will also notify the State agency about any 
corrective action the State agency must take with respect to the claim 
and related procedures.
    (vii) Referral of claims for offset. (A) State agencies shall submit 
to FNS a certified file of claims for collection through FTROP by the 
date specified by FNS in schedules which FNS will provide as stated in 
paragraph (g)(5)(i) of this section. At the same time State agencies 
shall also provide to their FNS regional office a letter which 
specifically certifies that all claims contained in that certified file 
meet the criteria for claims referable for FTROP as specified in 
paragraph (g)(5)(ii) of this section, and that for all such claims a 
notice and opportunity to request a review as required in paragraphs 
(g)(5)(iii), (g)(5)(iv), (g)(5)(v) and (g)(5)(vi) of this section have 
been provided. The certification letter shall also state that the State 
agency has not included in the certified file of claims any claim which, 
as provided in paragraph (g)(5)(vi) of this section, FNS notified the 
State agency is not past due or is not legally enforceable, or any claim 
for which FNS notified the State agency that it has not completed a 
timely requested review, or for which the State agency has not completed 
a timely requested review. Finally, the certification letter shall also 
state that with the exception of State-specific information such as 
names and positions and State-specific information required for State 
agency contacts, the State agency's 60-day notice contains only the 
information specified in paragraph (g)(5)(iv) of this section.
    (B) The State agency shall provide to FNS the name, address and 
toll-free or collect telephone numbers of State agency contacts to be 
included in IRS notices of offset. State agencies shall state in the 
letter required in paragraph (g)(5)(vii)(A) of this section how they 
determined that such information is accurate and shall provide FNS 
updates of that information if and when that information changes.
    (viii) State agency actions on offsets made. (A) Promptly after 
receiving notice from FNS that offsets have been made, the State agency 
shall notify affected individuals of offsets made, including the amount 
charged for offset fees, and the status of the claims in question.
    (B) As close in time as possible to the notice of offset required in 
paragraph (g)(5)(viii)(A) of this section, the State agency shall refund 
to the individual (as required by paragraph (i)(4) of this section) any 
over collection which resulted from the offset of the individual's 
Federal income tax refund.
    (C) If an offset results from a State agency including in the 
certified file of claims required by paragraph (g)(5)(vii)(A) of this 
section a claim which does not meet the criteria specified in paragraph 
(g)(5)(ii) of this section, the State agency shall refund the amount 
offset to the individual, including any amounts collected to pay for the 
offset fee charged by the IRS. The State agency may claim any such 
latter amount as an allowable administrative cost under part 277 of this 
chapter. The State agency shall not be responsible for refunding any 
portion of the charges for offset fees incurred for IRS reversals of 
offsets when, for example, the IRS refunds amounts offset, including 
offset fees, to taxpayers who properly notified the IRS that they are 
not liable for claims which were collected in whole or part from their 
share of a joint Federal income tax refund.
    (ix) Monitoring and reporting offset activities. State agencies 
shall monitor FTROP activities and shall take all necessary steps to:
    (A) Update IRS files, reducing the amounts of or deleting claims 
from those files to reflect payments made after referral to FNS, or 
deleting claims which for other reasons no longer meet the criteria for 
being collectible under FTROP.
    (B) Promptly refund to the individual any over collection of claims 
as required in paragraph (g)(5)(viii)(B) of this section.
    (C) Annually and no later than the tenth of October of the year 
prior to the offset year report in writing to the FNS regional office 
the number of 60-day notices mailed and the total dollar value of the 
claims associated with those notices.
    (D) Submit data security and voluntary payment reports as required 
by FNS and the IRS.
    (E) Report collections of all recipient claims collected under the 
procedures of paragraph (g)(5) of this section as required by paragraph 
(i)(2) of this section.
    (x) Contents of the alternate 60-day notice. As specified in 
paragraph (g)(5)(iii)(A) of this section, for offset year 1996 State 
agencies may use a 60-day notice specifying the following information:
    (A) The State agency has records documenting that the individual, 
identified with his or her Social Security Number, is liable for a 
specified, unpaid balance of a claim for overissued food stamp benefits, 
and that the State agency has notified the individual about the claim 
and made prior collection efforts as required by the Food Stamp Program. 
The notice must also state that the claim is past due and legally 
enforceable.
    (B) The Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, as amended by the Emergency 
Unemployment Act of 1991, authorizes the Internal Revenue Service to 
deduct such debts from tax refunds, and the State agency intends to 
refer the claim for such deduction unless the individuals pays the claim 
within 60 days of the date of the notice, or makes other repayment 
arrangements acceptable to the State agency.

[[Page 765]]

    (C) Instructions about how to pay the claim, including the name, 
address and telephone number of an office, administrative unit or person 
in the State agency who can discuss the claim and the intended offset 
with the individual.
    (D) The following information about requesting a review of the 
intended offset:
    (1) The individual is entitled to request a review of the intended 
referral for offset;
    (2) The State agency will not act on review requests which it 
receives later than 60 days after the date of the 60-day notice;
    (3) Claims for which timely review requests have been received will 
not be referred for offset while under review;
    (4) A review request must provide evidence or documentation why the 
individual believes that the claim is not past due or is not legally 
enforceable;
    (5) A review request is not considered received until the State 
agency receives such evidence or documentation; and
    (6) A review request must contain the individual's Social Security 
Number.
    (E) The individual should contact the State agency if he or she 
believes that a bankruptcy proceeding prevents collection of the claim 
or if the claim has been discharged in bankruptcy.
    (F) The individual may want to contact the Internal Revenue Service 
before filing his or her Federal income tax return if the individual is 
married, filing a joint return, and if his or her spouse is not liable 
for the food stamp claim and has income and withholding and/or estimated 
Federal income tax payments. In such circumstances the spouse may be 
entitled to receive his or her portion of any joint refund. False claims 
concerning such liability may subject individuals to legal action.
    (G) All individuals are jointly and severally liable for overpayment 
of food stamps if they were adult household members when the food stamps 
were overissued.
    (6) Federal salary offset program--(i) Claims subject to salary 
offset. All recipient claims submitted by State agencies participating 
in the Federal income tax refund offset program (FTROP) shall be subject 
to the matching procedures specified in this paragraph. Individuals 
identified by the match shall be subject to the salary offset procedures 
specified in this paragraph.
    (ii) Identification of recipient claims owed by Federal employees. 
(A) FNS will match all recipient claims submitted by State agencies 
participating in FTROP against Federal employment records maintained by 
the Department of Defense and the United States Postal Service. FNS will 
remove recipient claims matched during this procedure from the list of 
recipient claims to be referred to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) 
for collection through FTROP.
    (B) When FNS receives a list of Federal employees matched against 
recipient claims for a particular State agency, it will notify the State 
agency in writing accompanied by a data security and confidentiality 
agreement containing the requirements specified in paragraph 
(g)(6)(ii)(C) of this section for the State agency to sign and return. 
When that agreement is returned, signed by an appropriate official of 
the State agency, FNS will provide the list of matched Federal employees 
to the State agency.
    (C) State agencies which receive lists of matched employees shall 
take the actions specified in this paragraph to ensure the security and 
confidentiality of information about those employees and their apparent 
debts, and shall ensure that any contractors or other non-State agency 
entities to which the records may be disclosed also take these actions:
    (1) By such means as card keys, identification badges and security 
personnel, limit access to computer facilities handling the data to 
persons who need to perform official duties related to the salary offset 
procedures. By means of a security package, limit access to the computer 
system itself to such persons;
    (2) During off-duty hours, keep magnetic tapes and other hard copy 
records of data in locked cabinets in locked rooms. During on-duty 
hours, maintain those records under conditions that restrict access to 
persons who need them in connection with official duties related to 
salary offset procedures;
    (3) Use the data solely for salary offset purposes as specified in 
paragraph (g)(6) of this section, including not extracting, duplicating 
or disseminating the data except for salary offset purposes;
    (4) Retain the data only as long as needed for salary offset 
purposes as specified in paragraph (g)(6) of this section, or as 
otherwise required by FNS;
    (5) Destroy the data by shredding, burning or electronic erasure; 
and
    (6) Advise all personnel having access to the data about the 
confidential nature of the data and their responsibility to abide by the 
security and confidentiality provisions stated in paragraph 
(g)(6)(ii)(C) of this section.
    (D) Prior to taking any action to collect recipient claims as 
specified in paragraph (g)(6)(iii) of this section, State agencies shall 
review the claims records of matched Federal employees to verify the 
amount of the recipient claim owed, and to remove from the list of 
claims any recipient claims which have been paid, which are being paid 
according to an agreed to schedule, or which for other reasons are not 
collectible.
    (iii) State agency advance notice of salary offset. (A) Following 
the review specified in paragraph (g)(6)(ii)(D) of this section, State 
agencies shall provide each Federal employee verified as owing a 
recipient claim

[[Page 766]]

(debtor) with an advance notice of salary offset (advance notice). This 
advance notice shall be mailed to the debtor at the address provided by 
FNS, or shall be otherwise provided, within 60 days of State agency 
receipt of the list specified in paragraph (g)(6)(ii)(B) of this 
section.
    (B) Within 90 days of the date of the advance notice, the State 
agency shall refer to FNS all claims for which the State agency does not 
receive timely and adequate response as specified in the advance notice. 
Such referrals shall consist of a copy of the advance notice sent to the 
debtor and copies of records relating to the recipient claim. Records 
relating to the recipient claims include such things as copies of 
printouts of electronic records and/or copies of claim demand letters, 
results of fair hearings, advance notices of disqualification hearings, 
the results of such hearings, records of payments, review requests and 
documentation, decision letters, and pertinent records of such things as 
telephone conversations.
    (C) The advance notice shall state that:
    (1) According to State agency records the debtor is liable for a 
claim for a specified dollar amount due to receiving excess food stamp 
benefits. State agencies are encouraged to include as much other 
information about the claim as possible, including such things as 
whether it was caused by household error or intentional Program 
violation, the date of the initial demand letter, any hearings or court 
actions which relate to the claim, and what, if any, payments have 
reduced the amount of the original claim;
    (2) Through a computer match the debtor was found to be employed by 
[the name and address of the employing agency of the debtor]. The 
computer match was conducted under the authority of and according to 
procedures required by the Privacy Act of 1974, as amended;
    (3) Collection from the wages of Federal and USPS employees for 
debts such as food stamp recipient claims is authorized by the Debt 
Collection Act of 1982. The claim will be referred to FNS for such 
collection action unless within 30 days of the date of the advance 
notice the State agency receives either:
    (i) Payment of the claim in full. Claims of $50 or less shall be 
paid in full within 30 days or they will be referred to FNS for 
collection from the individual's Federal salary; or
    (ii) The first installment payment for the claim. Claims of more 
than $50, if not paid in full within 30 days, must be paid in 
installments of at least $50 a month. Debtors may pay more than $50 on 
any installment payment. The advance notice shall state the monthly due 
date of installment payments and that if a monthly installment payment 
of at least $50 is not received by the due date, the claim will be 
referred to FNS for offset from the individual's Federal salary with no 
further opportunity to enter a voluntary repayment agreement;
    (4) The name, address and a toll-free or collect telephone number of 
a State agency contact (an individual or unit) for repayment and/or 
discussion of the claim; and
    (5) Debtors may submit documentation to State agencies showing such 
things as payments of claims or other circumstances which would prevent 
collection of claims. Unless the State agency receives such 
documentation within 30 calendar days of the date of the advance notice 
and the documentation clearly shows that the claim has been paid or is 
not legally collectible, the State agency shall refer the claim to FNS 
for collection from the debtor's salary. The State agency shall notify 
debtors in writing when claims for which an advance notice was issued 
will not be referred for collection from salaries. Debtors have the 
right to a formal appeal to FNS. Notification about how to make such 
appeals is required and will be provided to debtors before any 
collection action from salaries is taken.
    (iv) State agency retention and reporting of collections. (A) State 
agencies shall retain collections of recipient claims paid voluntarily 
to State agencies and to FNS through salary offsets at the rates 
specified in paragraph (h) of this section for the appropriate reporting 
period. From time to time as volume warrants, FNS will report and 
transfer amounts collected from salaries to State agencies. Collections 
by State agencies and by FNS on all such claims shall be reported as 
appropriate.
    (B) If a debtor fails to make an installment payment, within 60 days 
of the date the payment was due, State agencies shall refer the claim to 
FNS, reporting the default, the dollar amount collected and the balance 
due.
    (v) FNS actions on claims referred by State agencies. Departmental 
procedures at 7 CFR 3.51-3.68 shall apply to claims referred by State 
agencies to FNS as required by paragraphs (g)(6)(iii)(B) and 
(g)(6)(iv)(B) of this section subject to the following modifications:
    (A) In addition to the definitions set forth at 7 CFR 3.52, the term 
``debts'' shall further be defined to include recipient claims 
established according to this section; and the terms ``State agency'' 
and ``FNS'' shall be defined as set forth in section 271.2 of this 
chapter.
    (B) Pursuant to 7 CFR 3.34(c)(4) and 7 CFR 3.55(d), the Secretary 
has determined that collection of interest, penalties and administrative 
costs provided at 7 CFR 3.65 is not in the best interests of the United 
States and hereby waives collection of such charges.
    (C) In addition to providing the right to inspect and copy 
Departmental records as specified at 7 CFR 3.60(a), the Secretary shall 
provide copies of records relating to the debt in response to timely 
requests. For a request

[[Page 767]]

to be timely, FNS must receive it within 30 calendar days of the date of 
the notice of intent.
    (D) Pursuant to 5 CFR 550.1104(d)(6), an opportunity to establish a 
written repayment agreement provided at 7 CFR 3.61 shall not be 
provided.
    (E) The notice of intent for FSP salary offset shall comply with the 
requirements of the Departmental notice of intent which are set forth at 
7 CFR 3.55, subject to the following modifications:
    (1) In addition to the statement that the debtor has the right to 
inspect and copy Departmental records relating to the debt, the notice 
of intent shall state that if timely requested by the debtor, the 
Secretary shall provide the debtor copies of such records. It shall 
further advise, as required by 7 CFR 3.60(a), that to be timely such 
requests must be received within 30 days of the date of the notice of 
intent; and
    (2) The statement of the right to enter a written repayment 
agreement provided by 7 CFR 3.55(f) shall not be included.
    (h) Retention rates. The following retention rates shall apply for 
claims collected by the State agency, including the value of allotment 
reductions for the purpose of collecting claims but not allotment 
reductions due to disqualification:
    (1) For amounts collected prior to October 1, 1990, the State agency 
shall retain 25 percent of the value of inadvertent household error 
claims collected and 50 percent of the value of intentional Program 
violation claims collected;
    (2) For amounts collected during the period October 1, 1990 through 
September 30, 1995, the State agency shall retain 10 percent of the 
value of inadvertent household error claims collected and 25 percent of 
the value of intentional Program violation claims collected;
    (3) For amounts collected on or after October 1, 1995, the State 
agency shall retain 25 percent of the value of inadvertent household 
error claims collected and 50 percent of the value of intentional 
Program Violation claims collected;
    (4) The State agency shall not retain any percentage of the value of 
administrative error claims collected.
    (i) Submission of payments. (1) The State agency shall retain the 
value of funds collected for inadvertent household error, intentional 
Program violation, or administrative error claims rather than forwarding 
the payments to FNS. This amount includes the total value of allotment 
reductions to collect claims, but does not include the value of benefits 
not issued as a result of a household member being disqualified. The 
State's grant and letter of credit will be established or amended on a 
quarterly basis to reflect the State agency's retention of the value of 
claims collected as specified in paragraph (h) of this section unless 
the State agency requests or has requested that payment be by check. The 
State agency may request that FNS accept checks from the State for FNS-
209 amounts due FNS, or that FNS pay the State by check for FNS-209 
amounts due the State. If the State agency fails to pay FNS the amount 
due as reported on the FNS-209, FNS shall offset the amount due from the 
State's letter of credit. For FNS-209 reporting purposes, State agencies 
shall calculate the retention amount using the appropriate rate 
specified in paragraph (h) of this section which is in effect during the 
reporting period for the report. For those claims collected in Fiscal 
Year 1990 or earlier for which adjustments are made and reported in 
Fiscal Year 1991 or 1992, States may request a correction to reflect the 
difference between the old, higher rate (paragraph (h)(1) of this 
section) which is applicable to those claims, and the new, lower rate 
(paragraph (h)(2) of this section) at which the adjustments to those 
claims were reported on the FNS-209. One request for correction for each 
of fiscal years 1991 and 1992 may be filed with FNS after the fiscal 
year, but no later than November 30, 1991, for Fiscal Year 1991 
reporting and no later than November 30, 1992, for Fiscal Year 1992 
reporting. The request must be in writing, must include appropriate 
verifying documentation, and must reflect the net effect of all 
increases and decreases resulting from the application of the old 
retention rate.
    (2) Each State agency shall submit quarterly a Form FNS-209, Status 
of Claims Against Households, to detail the State's activities relating 
to claims against households. This report is due no later than 30 days 
after the end of each calendar year quarter and shall be submitted to 
FNS even if the State agency has not collected any payments. In addition 
to reporting the amount of funds recovered from inadvertent household 
error and intentional Program violation claims each quarter on Form FNS-
209, the State agency shall also report these amounts on other letter of 
credit documents as required. In accounting for inadvertent household 
error and intentional Program violation claims collections, the State 
agency shall include cash or coupon repayments and the value of 
allotments recovered or offset by restoration of lost benefits. However, 
the value of benefits not issued during periods of disqualification 
shall not be considered recovered allotments and shall not be used to 
offset an intentional Program violation claim. In addition, each State 
agency shall establish controls to ensure that officials responsible for 
intentional Program violation determinations will not benefit from the 
State share of recoveries.
    (3) The State agency may retain any amounts recovered on a claim 
being handled as an inadvertent household error claim

[[Page 768]]

prior to obtaining a determination by an administrative disqualification 
hearing offical or a court of appropriate jurisdiction that intentional 
Program violation was committed, or receiving from an individual either 
a signed waiver or consent agreement, at the rate applicable to 
intentional Program violation claims, once the determination or signed 
document is obtained. In such cases, the State agency shall include a 
note in an attachment to the quarterly reporting form specified in 
paragraph (h)(2) of this section which shows the additional amounts 
being retained on amounts already recovered as a result of the change in 
status of the claim.
    (4) If a household has overpaid a claim, the State agency shall pay 
the household any amounts overpaid as soon as possible after the 
overpayment becomes known. The household shall be paid by whatever 
method the State agency deems appropriate considering the household's 
circumstances. Overpaid amounts of a claim which have previously been 
reported as collected via the FNS-209 and which have been repaid to the 
household shall be reported in the appropriate column on the FNS-209 for 
the quarter in which the repayment occurred. The amount of the repayment 
shall be subtracted from the total amount collected. The appropriate 
retention rate shall be applied to the reduced collection total.
    (5) In cases where FNS has billed a State agency for negligence, any 
amounts collected from households which were caused by the State's 
negligence will be credited by FNS. When submitting these payments, the 
State agency shall include a note as an attachment to the quarterly 
reporting form specified in paragraph (h)(2) of this section which shows 
the amount that should be credited against the State's bill.
    (j) Returned coupons. If coupon books collected from households as 
payment for claims are returned intact and in usable form, the State 
agency may return them to coupon inventory. The State agency shall 
destroy any coupons or coupon books which are not returned to inventory 
in accordance with the procedures outlined in Sec. 274.7(f).
    (k) Claims discharged through bankruptcy. State agencies shall act 
on behalf of, and as, FNS in any bankruptcy proceeding against bankrupt 
households owing food stamp claims. State agencies shall possess any 
rights, priorities, interests, liens or privileges, and shall 
participate in any distribution of assets, to the same extent as FNS. 
Acting as FNS, State agencies shall have the power and authority to file 
objections to discharge, proofs of claims, exceptions to discharge, 
petitions for revocation of discharge, and any other documents, motions 
or objections which FNS might have filed. Any amounts collected under 
this authority shall be transmitted to FNS as provided in paragraph (h) 
of this section.
    (l) Accounting procedures. Each State agency shall be responsible 
for maintaining an accounting system for monitoring claims against 
households. At a minimum, the accounting system shall be designed to 
readily accomplish the following:
    (1) Document the circumstances which resulted in a claim, the 
procedures used to calculate the claim, the methods, used to collect the 
claim and, if applicable, the circumstances which resulted in suspension 
or termination of collection action.
    (2) Identify those situations in which an amount not yet restored to 
a household can be used to offset a claim owed by the household.
    (3) Identify those households that have failed to make installment 
payments on their claims.
    (4) Document how much money was collected in payment of a claim and 
how much was submitted to FNS.
    (5) Identify at certification household that owe outstanding 
payments on a previously issued claim determination. At the time the 
household is certified and receives an initial allotment (as specified 
at Sec. 273.17(d)(4)), the initial allotment, whether paid retroactively 
or prospectively, shall not be reduced to offset claims.
    (m) Interstate claims collection. In cases where a household moves 
out of the area under a State agency's jurisdiction, the State agency 
should initiate or continue collection action against the household for 
any overissuance to the household which occurred while it was under the 
State agency's jurisdiction. The State agency which overissued benefits 
to the household shall have the first opportunity to collect any 
overissuance. However, if the State agency which overissued benefits to 
the household does not take prompt action to collect, then the State 
agency which administers the area into which the household moves should 
initiate action to collect the overissuance. Prior to initiating action 
to collect such overissuances, the State agency which administers the 
area into which the household moves shall contact the State agency which 
overissued benefits to ascertain that it does not intend to pursue 
prompt collection. The State share of any collected claims, as provided 
in Sec. 273.18(h), shall be retained by the State agency which collects 
the overissuance.

[Amdt. 242, 48 FR 6861, Feb. 15, 1983]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting 
Sec. 273.18, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the 
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.

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