[Code of Federal Regulations] [Title 14, Volume 2] [Revised as of January 1, 2002] From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access [CITE: 14CFR61.45] [Page 26-27] TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (Continued) PART 61--CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS--Table of Contents Subpart A--General Sec. 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment. (a) General. Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or when permitted to accomplish the entire flight increment of the practical test in a flight simulator or a flight training device, an applicant for a certificate or rating issued under this part must furnish: (1) An aircraft of U.S. registry for each required test that-- (i) Is of the category, class, and type, if applicable, for which the applicant is applying for a certificate or rating; and (ii) Has a current standard, limited, or primary airworthiness certificate. (2) At the discretion of the examiner who administers the practical test, the applicant may furnish-- (i) An aircraft that has a current airworthiness certificate other than standard, limited, or primary, but that otherwise meets the requirement of paragraph (a)(1) of this section; (ii) An aircraft of the same category, class, and type, if applicable, of foreign registry that is properly certificated by the country of registry; or (iii) A military aircraft of the same category, class, and type, if applicable, for which the applicant is applying for a certificate or rating. (b) Required equipment (other than controls). (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, an aircraft used for a practical test must have-- (i) The equipment for each area of operation required for the practical test; (ii) No prescribed operating limitations that prohibit its use in any of the areas of operation required for the practical test; (iii) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, at least two pilot stations with adequate visibility for each person to operate the aircraft safely; and (iv) Cockpit and outside visibility adequate to evaluate the performance of the applicant when an additional jump seat is provided for the examiner. (2) An applicant for a certificate or rating may use an aircraft with operating characteristics that preclude the applicant from performing all of the tasks required for the practical test. However, the applicant's certificate or rating, as appropriate, will be issued with an appropriate limitation. (c) Required controls. An aircraft (other than a lighter-than-air aircraft) used for a practical test must have engine power controls and flight controls that are easily reached and operable in a conventional manner by both pilots, unless the examiner determines that the practical test can be conducted safely in the aircraft without the controls being easily reached. (d) Simulated instrument flight equipment. An applicant for a practical test that involves maneuvering an aircraft solely by reference to instruments must furnish: (1) Equipment on board the aircraft that permits the applicant to pass the areas of operation that apply to the rating sought; and [[Page 27]] (2) A device that prevents the applicant from having visual reference outside the aircraft, but does not prevent the examiner from having visual reference outside the aircraft, and is otherwise acceptable to the Administrator. (e) Aircraft with single controls. A practical test may be conducted in an aircraft having a single set of controls, provided the: (1) Examiner agrees to conduct the test; (2) Test does not involve a demonstration of instrument skills; and (3) Proficiency of the applicant can be observed by an examiner who is in a position to observe the applicant. [Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998]