[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 14]
[Revised as of July 1, 2002]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR85.2122]
[Page 588-592]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 85--CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES--Table of Contents
Subpart V--Emissions Control System Performance Warranty Regulations and
Voluntary Aftermarket Part Certification Program
Sec. 85.2122 Emission-critical parameters.
(a) The following parts may be certified in accordance with
Sec. 85.2114(b):
[[Page 589]]
(1) Carburetor Vacuum Break (Choke Pull-Off). (i) The emission-
critical parameters for carburetor vacuum breaks are:
(A) Diaphragm Displacement.
(B) Timed Delay.
(C) Modulated Stem Displacement.
(D) Modulated Stem Displacement Force.
(E) Vacuum Leakage.
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph:
(A) ``Diaphragm Displacement'' means the distance through which the
center of the diaphragm moves when activated. In the case of a non-
modulated stem, diaphragm displacement corresponds to stem displacement.
(B) ``Timed Delay'' means a delayed diaphragm displacement
controlled to occur within a given time period.
(C) ``Modulated Stem Displacement'' means the distance through which
the modulated stem may move when actuated independent of diaphragm
displacement.
(D) ``Modulated Stem Displacement Force'' means the amount of force
required at start and finish of a modulated stem displacement.
(E) ``Vacuum Leakage'' means leakage into the vacuum cavity of a
vacuum break.
(F) ``Vacuum Break'' (``Choke Pull-off'') means a vacuum-operated
device to open the carburetor choke plate a predetermined amount on cold
start.
(G) ``Modulated Stem'' means a stem attached to the vacuum break
diaphragm in such a manner as to allow stem displacement independent of
diaphragm displacement.
(H) ``Vacuum Purge System'' means a vacuum system with a controlled
air flow to purge the vacuum system of undesirable manifold vapors.
(2) Carburetor Choke Thermostats. (i) The emission-critical
parameters for all Choke Thermostats are:
(A) Thermal Deflection Rate.
(B) Mechanical Torque Rate.
(C) Index Mark Position.
(ii) The emission-critical parameters for Electrically-Heated Choke
Thermostats are:
(A) Those parameters set forth in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this
section
(B) Time to rotate coil tang when electrically energized
(C) Electrical circuit resistance
(D) Electrical switching temperature
(iii) For the purpose of this paragraph:
(A) ``Choke'' means a device to restrict air flow into a carburetor
in order to enrich the air/fuel mixture delivered to the engine by the
carburetor during cold-engine start and cold-engine operation.
(B) ``Thermostat'' means a temperature-actuated device.
(C) ``Electrically-heated Choke'' means a device which contains a
means for applying heat to the thermostatic coil by electrical current.
(D) ``Thermostatic Coil'' means a spiral-wound coil of thermally-
sensitive material which provides rotary force (torque) and/or
displacement as a function of applied temperature.
(E) ``Thermostatic Switch'' means an element of thermally-sensitive
material which acts to open or close an electrical circuit as a function
of temperature.
(F) ``Mechanical Torque Rate'' means a term applied to a
thermostatic coil, defined as the torque accumulation per angular degree
of deflection of a thermostatic coil.
(G) ``Thermal Deflection Rate'' means the angular degrees of
rotation per degree of temperature change of the thermostatic coil.
(H) ``Index or Index Mark'' means a mark on a choke thermostat
housing, located in a fixed relationship to the thermostatic coil tang
position to aid in assembly and service adjustment of the choke.
(I) ``PTC Type Choke Heaters'' means a positive termperature
coefficient resistant ceramic disc capable of providing heat to the
thermostatic coil when electrically energized.
(3) Carburetor Accelerator Pumps. (i) The emission-critical
parameter for accelerator pumps (plungers or diaphragms) is the average
volume of fuel delivered per stroke by the pump within prescribed time
limits.
(ii) For the purpose of this paragraph an ``Accelerator Pump
(Plunger or Diaphragm)'' means a device used to provide a supplemental
supply of fuel during increasing throttle opening as required.
[[Page 590]]
(4) Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) Valves. (i) The emission-
critical parameter for a PCV valve is the volume of flow as a function
of pressure differential across the valve.
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph a ``PCV Valve'' means a
device to control the flow of blow-by gasses and fresh air from the
crankcase to the fuel induction system of the engine.
(5) Breaker Points. (i) The emission-critical parameters for breaker
points are:
(A) Bounce.
(B) Dwell Angle.
(C) Contact Resistance.
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph:
(A) ``Breaker Point'' means a mechanical switch operated by the
distributor cam to establish and interrupt the primary ignition coil
current.
(B) ``Bounce'' means unscheduled point contact opening(s) after
initial closure and before scheduled reopening.
(C) ``Dwell Angle'' means the number of degrees of distributor
mechanical rotation during which the breaker points are conducting
current.
(D) ``Contact Resistance'' means the opposition to the flow of
current between the mounting bracket and the insulated terminal.
(6) Capacitors/Condensers. (i) The emission-critical parameters for
capacitors/condensers are:
(A) Capacitance.
(B) Series Resistance.
(C) Breakdown Voltage.
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph:
(A) ``Capacitance'' means the property of a device which permits
storage of electrically-separated charges when differences in electrical
potential exist between the conductors and measured as the ratio of
stored charge to the difference in electrical potential between
conductors.
(B) ``Series Resistance'' means the sum of resistances from the
condenser plates to the condenser's external connections.
(C) ``Breakdown Voltage'' means the voltage level at which the
capacitor fails.
(D) ``Capacitor/Condenser'' means a device for the storage of
electrical energy consisting of two oppositely charged conducting plates
separated by a dielectric and which resists the flow of direct current.
(7) Distributor Caps and/or Rotors. (i) The emission-critical
parameters for distributor caps and/or rotors are:
(A) Physical and Thermal Integrity.
(B) Dielectric Strength.
(C) Flashover.
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph:
(A) ``Flashover'' means the discharge of ignition voltage across the
surface of the distributor cap and/or rotor rather than at the spark
plug gap.
(B) ``Dielectric Strength'' means the ability of the material of the
cap and/or rotor to resist the flow of electric current.
(C) ``Physical and Thermal Integrity'' means the ability of the
material of the cap and/or rotor to resist physical and thermal
breakdown.
(8) Spark Plugs. (i) The emission critical parameters for spark
plugs are:
(A) Heat Rating.
(B) Gap Spacing.
(C) Gap Location.
(D) Flashover.
(E) Dielectric Strength.
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph:
(A) ``Spark Plug'' means a device to suitably deliver high tension
electrical ignition voltage to the spark gap in the engine combustion
chamber.
(B) ``Heat Rating'' means that measurement of engine indicated mean
effective pressure (IMEP) value obtained on the engine at a point when
the supercharge pressure is 25.4mm (one inch) Hg below the preignition
point of the spark plug, as rated according to SAE J549A Recommended
Practice.
(C) ``Gap Spacing'' means the distance between the center electrode
and the ground electrode where the high voltage ignition arc is
discharged.
(D) ``Gap Location'' means the position of the electrode gap in the
combustion chamber.
(E) ``Dielectric Strength'' means the ability of the spark plug's
ceramic insulator material to resist electrical breakdown.
(F) ``Flashover'' means the discharge of ignition voltage at any
point other than at the spark plug gap.
[[Page 591]]
(9) Inductive System Coils. (i) The emission-critical parameters for
inductive system coils are:
(A) Open Circuit Voltage Output.
(B) Dielectric Strength.
(C) Flashover.
(D) Rise Time.
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph:
(A) ``Coil'' means a device used to provide high voltage in an
inductive ignition system.
(B) ``Flashover'' means the discharge of ignition voltage across the
coil.
(C) ``Dielectric Strength'' means the ability of the material of the
coil to resist electrical breakdown.
(D) ``Rise Time'' means the time required for the spark voltage to
increase from 10% to 90% of its maximum value.
(10) Primary Resistors. (i) The emission-critical parameter for
primary resistors is the DC resistance.
(ii) For the purpose of this paragraph, a ``Primary Resistor'' means
a device used in the primary circuit of an inductive ignition system to
limit the flow of current.
(11) Breaker Point Distributors. (i) The emission-critical
parameters for breaker point distributors are:
(A) Spark Timing.
(1) Centrifugal Advance Characteristics.
(2) Vacuum Advance Characteristics.
(B) Dwell Angle.
(C) Breaker point contact operation.
(D) Electrical resistance to ground.
(E) Capacity for compatibility with generally available original
equipment and certified replacement parts listed in Sec. 85.2112(a) (5),
(6), (7), and (9).
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph:
(A) ``Distributor'' means a device for directing the secondary
current from the induction coil to the spark plugs at the proper
intervals and in the proper firing order.
(B) ``Distributor Firing Angle'' means the angular relationship of
breaker point opening from one opening to the next in the firing
sequence.
(C) ``Dwell Angle'' means the number of degrees of distributor
mechanical rotation during which the breaker points are capable of
conducting current.
(12) Engine Valves. [Reserved]
(13) Camshafts. [Reserved]
(14) Pistons. [Reserved]
(15) Oxidizing Catalytic Converter. (i) The emission-critical
parameters for oxidizing catalytic converters are:
(A) Conversion Efficiency.
(B) Light-off Time.
(C) Mechanical and Thermal Integrity.
(ii) For the purposes of this paragraph including the relevant test
procedures in the Appendix:
(A) ``Catalytic Converter'' means a device installed in the exhaust
system of an internal combustion engine that utilizes catalytic action
to oxidize hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to carbon
dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
(B) ``Conversion Efficiency'' means the measure of the catalytic
converter's ability to oxidize HC/CO to CO2/H2O
under fully warmed-up conditions stated as a percentage calculated by
the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC15NO91.093
(C) ``Light-off Time'' or ``LOT'' means the time required for a
catalytic converter (at ambient temperature 68-86 [deg]F) to warm-up
sufficiently to convert 50% of the incoming HC and CO to CO2
and H2 O.
(D) ``Peak Air Flow'' means the maximum engine intake mass air flow
rate measure during the 195 second to 202 second time interval of the
Federal Test Procedure.
(E) ``Feed Gas'' means the chemical composition of the exhaust gas
measured at the converter inlet.
(F) ``Aged Catalytic Converter'' means a converter that has been
installed on a vehicle or engine stand and operated thru a cycle
specifically designed to chemically age, including exposure to
representative lead concentrations, and mechanically stress the
catalytic converter in a manner representative of in-use vehicle or
engine conditions.
(G) ``Mechanical and Thermal Intergrity'' means the ability of a
converter to continue to operate at its previously determined efficiency
and light-off time and be free from exhaust leaks when subject to
thermal and mechanical stresses representative of the intended
application.
[[Page 592]]
(16) Air Cleaner Filter Element. (i) The emission-critical
parameters for Air Cleaner Filter Elements are:
(A) Pressure drop.
(B) Efficiency.
(ii) For the purpose of this paragraph:
(A) ``Air Cleaner Filter Element'' means a device to remove
particulates from the primary air that enters the air induction system
of the engine.
(B) ``Pressure Drop'' means a measure, in kilopascals, of the
difference in static pressure measured immediately upstream and
downstream of the air filter element.
(C) ``Efficiency'' means the ability of the air cleaner or the unit
under test to remove contaminant.
(17) Electronic Inductive Ignition System and Components. [Reserved]
(18) Electronic Inductive Distributors. [Reserved]
(b) Additional part standards. [Reserved]
[45 FR 78462, Nov. 25, 1980, as amended at 54 FR 32593, Aug. 8, 1989]