[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 45, Volume 3]
[Revised as of October 1, 2002]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 45CFR1170.44]

[Page 513-514]
 
                        TITLE 45--PUBLIC WELFARE
 
     CHAPTER XI--NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES
 
PART 1170--NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF HANDICAP IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES--Table of Contents
 
                   Subpart E--Postsecondary Education
 
Sec. 1170.44  Academic adjustments.

    (a) Academic requirements. A recipient to which this subpart applies 
shall

[[Page 514]]

make such modifications to its academic requirements as are necessary to 
ensure that such requirements do not discriminate or have the effect of 
discriminating, on the basis of handicap, against a qualified 
handicapped applicant or student. Academic requirements that the 
recipient can demonstrate are essential to the program of instruction 
being pursued by such student or to any directly related licensing 
requirement will not be regarded as discriminatory within the meaning of 
this section. Modifications may include changes in the length of time 
permitted for the completion of degree requirements, substitution of 
specific courses required for the completion of degree requirements, and 
adaptation of the manner in which specific courses are conducted.
    (b) Other rules. A recipient to which this subpart applies may not 
impose upon handicapped students other rules, such as the prohibitation 
of tape recorders in classrooms or of dog guides in campus buildings, 
that have the effect of limiting the participation of handicapped 
students in the recipient's education program or activity.
    (c) Course examinations. In its course examinations or other 
procedures for evaluating students' academic achievement in its program, 
a recipient to which this subpart applies shall provide such methods for 
evaluating the achievement of students who have a handicap that impairs 
sensory, manual, or speaking skills as will best ensure that the results 
of the evaluation represents the student's achievement in the course, 
rather than reflecting the student's impaired sensory, manual, or 
speaking skills (except where such skills are the factors that the test 
purports to measure).
    (d) Auxiliary aids. (1) A recipient to which this subpart applies 
shall take such steps as are necessary to ensure that no handicapped 
student is denied the benefits of, excluded from participation in, or 
otherwise subjected to discrimination under the education program or 
activity operated by the recipient because of the absence of educational 
auxiliary aids for students with impaired sensory, manual, or speaking 
skills.
    (2) Auxiliary aids may include taped texts, interpreters or other 
effective methods of making orally delivered materials available to 
students with hearing impairments, readers in libraries for students 
with visual impairments, classroom equipment adapted for use by students 
with manual impairments, and other similar services and actions. 
Recipients need not provide attendants, individually prescribed devices, 
readers for personal use or study, or other devices or services of a 
personal nature.