[Code of Federal Regulations] [Title 50, Volume 1] [Revised as of October 1, 2002] From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access [CITE: 50CFR10.13] [Page 11-27] TITLE 50--WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES CHAPTER I--UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PART 10--GENERAL PROVISIONS--Table of Contents Subpart B--Definitions Sec. 10.13 List of Migratory Birds. The following is a list of all species of migratory birds protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-711) and subject to the regulations on migratory birds contained in this subchapter B of title 50 CFR. The species listed are those protected by the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, United States-Great Britain (on behalf of Canada), 39 Stat. 1702, T.S. No. 628; the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, United States-Mexico, 50 Stat. 1311, T.S. No. 912; the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 1972, United States-Japan, 25 U.S.T. 3329, T.I.A.S. No. 7990; and the Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Environment, United States- U.S.S.R., November 26, 1976, 92 Stat. 3110, T.I.A.S. 9073, 16 U.S.C. 703, 712. The species are listed two ways. In the first part of the List species are arranged alphabetically by English (common) name groups, with the scientific name following the English (common) name. All species of ducks are listed together under the heading ``Ducks''. In the second part of the List, species are listed by scientific name arranged in taxonomic order. Taxonomy and nomenclature follows the American Ornithologists' Union's Check-list of North American Birds (6th Edition, 1983). I. Alphabetical Listing Accentor, Siberian, Prunella montanella Albatross: Black-footed, Diomedea nigripes Laysan, Diomedea immutabilis Short-tailed, Diomedea albatrus Yellow-nosed, Diomedea chlororhynchos Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga Ani: Groove-billed, Crotophaga sulcirostris Smooth-billed, Crotophaga ani Auklet: Cassin's, Ptychoramphus aleuticus Crested, Aethia cristatella Least, Aethia pusilla Parakeet, Cyclorrhynchus psittacula Rhinoceros, Cerorhinca monocerata Whiskered, Aethia pygmaea Avocet, American, Recurvirostra americana Barn-Owl, Common, Tyto alba Beardless-Tyrannulet, Northern, Camptostoma imberbe Becard, Rose-throated, Pachyramphus aglaiae Bittern: American, Botaurus lentiginosus Chinese, Ixobrychus sinensis Least, Ixobrychus exilis Schrenk's, Ixobrychus eurhythmus Black-Hawk, Common, Buteogallus anthracinus Blackbird: Brewer's, Euphagus cyanocephalus Red-winged, Agelaius phoeniceus Rusty, Euphagus carolinus Tawny-shouldered, Agelaius humeralis Tricolored, Agelaius tricolor Yellow-headed, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Yellow-shouldered, Agelaius xanthomus Bluebird: Eastern, Sialia sialis Mountain, Sialia currucoides Western, Sialia mexicana Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus Booby: Blue-footed, Sula nebouxii Brown, Sula leucogaster Masked, Sula dactylatra Red-footed, Sula sula Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla Brant, Branta bernicla Bufflehead (see DUCKS) Bullfinch: Eurasian, Pyrrhula pyrrhula Puerto Rican, Loxigilla portoricensis Bunting: Indigo, Passerina cyanea Lark, Calamospiza melanocorys Lazuli, Passerina amoena McKay's, Plectrophenax hyperboreus Painted, Passerina ciris Reed (see Reed-Bunting) Rustic, Emberiza rustica Snow, Plectrophenax nivalis Varied, Passerina versicolor Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus Canvasback (see DUCKS) Caracara, Crested, Polyborus plancus Cardinal, Northern, Cardinalis cardinalis Carib, Green-throated, Eulampis holosericeus Catbird, Gray, Dumetella carolinensis Chat, Yellow-breasted, Icteria virens Chickadee (see Tit): Black-capped, Parus atricapillus Boreal, Parus hudsonicus Carolina, Parus carolinensis [[Page 12]] Chestnut-backed, Parus rufescens Mexican, Parus sclateri Mountain, Parus gambeli Chuck-will's-widow, Caprimulgus carolinensis Condor, California, Gymnogyps californianus Coot: American, Fulica americana Caribbean, Fulica caribaea Eurasian, Fulica atra Cormorant: Brandt's, Phalacrocorax penicillatus Double-crested, Phalacrocorax auritus Great, Phalacrocorax carbo Olivaceous, Phalacrocorax olivaceus Pelagic, Phalacrocorax pelagicus Red-faced, Phalacrocorax urile Cowbird: Bronzed, Molothrus aeneus Brown-headed, Molothrus ater Shiny, Molothrus bonariensis Crake: Corn, Crex crex Yellow-breasted, Porzana flaviventer Crane: Common, Grus grus Sandhill, Grus canadensis Whooping, Grus americana Creeper, Brown, Certhia americana Crossbill: Red, Loxia curvirostra White-winged, Loxia leucoptera Crow: American, Corvus brachyrhynchos Fish, Corvus ossifragus Hawaiian, Corvus hawaiiensis Mexican, Corvus imparatus Northwestern, Corvus caurinus White-necked, Corvus leucognaphalus Cuckoo: Black-billed, Coccyzus erythropthalmus Common, Cuculus canorus Hawk (see Hawk-Cuckoo) Lizard (see Lizard-Cuckoo) Mangrove, Coccyzus minor Oriental, Cuculus saturatus Yellow-billed, Coccyzus americanus Curlew (see Whimbrel): Bristle-thighed, Numenius tahitiensis Eskimo, Numenius borealis Far Eastern, Numenius madagascariensis Least, Numenius minutus Long-billed, Numenius americanus Dickcissel, Spiza americana Dipper, American, Cinclus mexicanus Dotterel, Eurasian, Charadrius morinellus Dove: Ground (see Ground-Dove) Inca, Columbina inca Mourning, Zenaida macroura Quail (see Quail-Dove) White-tipped, Leptotila verreauxi White-winged, Zenaida asiatica Zenaida, Zenaida aurita Dovekie, Alle alle Dowitcher: Long-billed, Limnodromus scolopaceus Short-billed, Limnodromus griseus Ducks American Black Duck, Anas rubripes Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola Canvasback, Aythya valisineria Eider: Common, Somateria mollissima King, Somateria spectabilis Spectacled, Somateria fischeri Steller's, Polysticta stelleri Gadwall, Anas strepera Garganey, Anas querquedula Goldeneye: Barrow's, Bucephala islandica Common, Bucephala clangula Harlequin Duck, Histrionicus histrionicus Hawaiian Duck, Anas wyvilliana Laysan Duck, Anas laysanensis Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos Masked Duck, Oxyura dominica Merganser Common, Mergus merganser Hooded, Lophodytes cucullatus Red-breasted, Mergus serrator Mottled Duck, Anas fulvigula Oldsquaw, Clangula hyemalis Pintail: Northern, Anas acuta White-cheeked, Anas bahamensis Pochard: Baer's, Aythya baeri Common, Aythya ferina Redhead, Aythya americana Ring-necked Duck, Aythya collaris Ruddy Duck, Oxyura jamaicensis Scaup: Greater, Aythya marila Lesser, Aythya affinis Scoter: Black, Melanitta nigra Surf, Melanitta perspicillata White-winged, Melanitta fusca Shoveler, Northern, Anas clypeata Smew, Mergellus albellus Teal: Baikal, Anas formosa Blue-winged, Anas discors Cinnamon, Anas cyanoptera Falcated, Anas falcata Green-winged, Anas crecca Tufted Duck, Aythya fuligula Whistling-Duck: Black-bellied, Dendrocygna autumnalis Fulvous, Dendrocygna bicolor West Indian, Dendrocygna arborea Wigeon: American, Anas americana Eurasian, Anas penelope Wood Duck, Aix sponsa End of Ducks Dunlin, Calidris alpina Eagle: Bald, Haliaeetus leucocephalus Golden, Aquila chrysaetos Sea (see Sea-Eagle) White-tailed, Haliaeetus albicilla [[Page 13]] Egret: Cattle, Bubulcus ibis Chinese, Egretta eulophotes Great, Casmerodius albus Plumed, Egretta intermedia Reddish, Egretta rufescens Snowy, Egretta thula Eider (see DUCKS) Elaenia, Caribbean, Elaenia martinica Emerald, Puerto Rican, Chlorostilbon maugaeus Euphonia, Antillean, Euphonia musica Falcon: Aplomado, Falco femoralis Peregrine, Falco peregrinus Prairie, Falco mexicanus Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris Finch: Cassin's, Carpodacus cassinii House, Carpodacus mexicanus Purple, Carpodacus purpureus Rosy, Leucosticte arctoa Flamingo, Greater, Phoenicopterus ruber Flicker, Northern, Colaptes auratus Flycatcher: Acadian, Empidonax virescens Alder, Empidonax alnorum Ash-throated, Myiarchus cinerascens Brown-crested, Myiarchus tyrannulus Buff-breasted, Empidonax fulvifrons Dusky, Empidonax oberholseri Dusky-capped, Myiarchus tuberculifer Fork-tailed, Tyrannus savana Gray, Empidonax wrightii Gray-spotted, Muscicapa griseisticta Great Crested, Myiarchus crinitus Hammond's, Empidonax hammondii Least, Empidonax minimus Narcissus, Muscicapa narcissina Nutting's, Myiarchus nuttingi Olive-sided, Contopus borealis Puerto Rican, Myiarchus antillarum Scissor-tailed, Tyrannus forficatus Sulphur-bellied, Myiodynastes luteiventris Vermilion, Pyrocephalus rubinus Western, Empidonax difficilis Willow, Empidonax traillii Yellow-bellied, Empidonax flaviventris Frigatebird: Great, Fregata minor Magnificent, Fregata magnificens Lesser, Fregata ariel Fulmar, Northern, Fulmarus glacialis Gadwall (see DUCKS) Gallinule, Purple, Porphyrula martinica Gannet, Northern, Sula bassanus Garganey (see DUCKS) Gnatcatcher: Black-capped, Polioptila nigriceps Black-tailed, Polioptila melanura Blue-gray, Polioptila caerulea Godwit: Bar-tailed, Limosa lapponica Black-tailed, Limosa limosa Hudsonian, Limosa haemastica Marbled, Limosa fedoa Golden-Plover, Lesser, Pluvialis dominica Goldeneye (see DUCKS) Goldfinch: American, Carduelis tristis Lawrence's, Carduelis lawrencei Lesser, Carduelis psaltria Goose: Barnacle, Branta leucopsis Bean, Anser fabalis Canada, Branta canadensis Emperor, Chen canagica Greater White-fronted, Anser albifrons Hawaiian, Nesochen sandvicensis Ross', Chen rossii Snow, Chen caerulescens Goshawk, Northern, Accipiter gentilis Grackle: Boat-tailed, Quiscalus major Common, Quiscalus quiscula Great-tailed, Quiscalus mexicanus Greater Antillean, Quiscalus niger Grasshopper-Warbler, Middendorff's, Locustella ochotensis Grassquit: Black-faced, Tiaris bicolor Yellow-faced, Tiaris olivacea Grebe: Eared, Podiceps nigricollis Horned, Podiceps auritus Least, Tachybaptus dominicus Pied-billed, Podilymbus podiceps Red-necked, Podiceps grisegena Western, Aechmophorus occidentalis Greenfinch, Oriental, Carduelis sinica Greenshank, Common, Tringa nebularia Grosbeak: Black-headed, Pheucticus melanocephalus Blue, Guiraca caerulea Crimson-collared, Rhodothraupis celaeno Evening, Coccothraustes vespertinus Pine, Pinicola enucleator Rose-breasted, Pheucticus ludovicianus Yellow, Pheucticus chrysopeplus Ground-Dove: Common, Columbina passerina Ruddy, Columbina talpacoti Guillemot: Black, Cepphus grylle Pigeon, Cepphus columba Gull: Bonaparte's, Larus philadelphia California, Larus californicus Common Black-headed, Larus ridibundus Franklin's, Larus pipixcan Glaucous, Larus hyperboreus Glaucous-winged, Larus glaucescens Great Black-backed, Larus marinus Heermann's, Larus heermanni Herring, Larus argentatus Iceland, Larus glaucoides Ivory, Pagophila eburnea Laughing, Larus atricilla Lesser Black-backed, Larus fuscus Little, Larus minutus Mew, Larus canus Ring-billed, Larus delawarensis Ross', Rhodostethia rosea Sabine's, Xema sabini [[Page 14]] Slaty-backed, Larus schistisagus Thayer's, Larus thayeri Western, Larus occidentalis Yellow-footed, Larus livens Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus Harrier, Northern, Circus cyaneus Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes Hawk: Asiatic Sparrow, Accipiter gularis Black (see Black-Hawk) Broad-winged, Buteo platypterus Cooper's, Accipiter cooperii Ferruginous, Buteo regalis Gray, Buteo nitidus Harris', Parabuteo unicinctus Hawaiian, Buteo solitarius Red-shouldered, Buteo lineatus Red-tailed, Buteo jamaicensis Rough-legged, Buteo lagopus Sharp-shinned, Accipiter striatus Short-tailed, Buteo brachyurus Swainson's, Buteo swainsoni White-tailed, Buteo albicaudatus Zone-tailed, Buteo albonotatus Hawk-Cuckoo, Hodgson's, Cuculus fugax Hawk-Owl, Northern, Surnia ulula Heron: Great Blue, Ardea herodias Green-backed, Butorides striatus Little Blue, Egretta caerulea Night (see Night-Heron) Pacific Reef, Egretta sacra Tricolored, Egretta tricolor Hoopoe, Upupa epops House-Martin, Common, Delichon urbica Hummingbird (see Carib, Emerald, Mango, Starthroat, Woodstar, Violet- ear): Allen's, Selasphorus sasin Anna's, Calypte anna Antillean Crested, Orthorhynchus cristatus Berylline, Amazilia beryllina Black-chinned, Archilochus alexandri Blue-throated, Lampornis clemenciae Broad-billed, Cynanthus latirostris Broad-tailed, Selasphorus platycercus Buff-bellied, Amazilia yucatanensis Calliope, Stellula calliope Costa's, Calypte costae Lucifer, Calothorax lucifer Magnificent, Eugenes fulgens Ruby-throated, Archilochus colubris Rufous, Selasphorus rufus Violet-crowned, Amazilia violiceps White-eared, Hylocharis leucotis Ibis: Glossy, Plegadis falcinellus Scarlet, Eudocimus ruber White, Eudocimus albus White-faced, Plegadis chihi Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria Jacana, Northern, Jacana spinosa Jaeger: Long-tailed, Stercorarius longicaudus Parasitic, Stercorarius parasiticus Pomarine, Stercorarius pomarinus Jay: Blue, Cyanocitta cristata Brown, Cyanocorax morio Gray, Perisoreus canadensis Gray-breasted, Aphelocoma ultramarina Green, Cyanocorax yncas Pinyon, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Scrub, Aphelocoma coerulescens Steller's, Cyanocitta stelleri Junco: Dark-eyed, Junco hyemalis Yellow-eyed, Junco phaeonotus Kestrel: American, Falco sparverius Eurasian, Falco tinnunculus Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus Kingbird: Cassin's, Tyrannus vociferans Couch's, Tyrannus couchii Eastern, Tyrannus tyrannus Gray, Tyrannus dominicensis Loggerhead, Tyrannus caudifasciatus Thick-billed, Tyrannus crassirostris Tropical, Tyrannus melancholicus Western, Tyrannus verticalis Kingfisher: Belted, Ceryle alcyon Green, Chloroceryle americana Ringed, Cyeryle torquata Kinglet: Golden-crowned, Regulus satrapa Ruby-crowned, Regulus calendula Kiskadee, Great, Pitangus sulphuratus Kite: American Swallow-tailed, Elanoides forficatus Black, Milvus migrans Black-shouldered, Elanus caeruleus Hook-billed, Chondrohierax uncinatus Mississippi, Ictinia mississippiensis Snail, Rostrhamus sociabilis Kittiwake: Black-legged, Larus tridactyla Red-legged, Larus brevirostris Knot: Great, Calidris tenuirostris Red, Calidris canutus Lapwing, Northern, Vanellus vanellus Lark, Horned, Eremophila alpestris Limpkin, Aramus guarauna Lizard-Cuckoo, Puerto Rican, Saurothera vieilloti Longspur: Chestnut-collared, Calcarius ornatus Lapland, Calcarius lapponicus McCown's, Calcarius mccownii Smith's, Calcarius pictus Loon: Arctic, Gavia arctica Common, Gavia immer Red-throated, Gavia stellata Yellow-billed, Gavia adamsii Magpie: Black-billed, Pica pica Yellow-billed, Pica nuttalli Mallard (see DUCKS) Mango: Antillean, Anthracothorax dominicus Green, Anthracothorax viridis [[Page 15]] Martin: Caribbean, Progne dominicensis Cuban, Progne cryptoleuca Gray-breasted, Progne chalybea House (see House-Martin) Purple, Progne subis Meadowlark: Eastern, Sturnella magna Western, Sturnella neglecta Merganser (see DUCKS) Merlin, Falco columbarius Mockingbird, Northern, Mimus polyglottos Moorhen, Common, Gallinula chloropus Murre: Common, Uria aalge Thick-billed, Uria lomvia Murrelet: Ancient, Synthliboramphus antiquus Craveri's, Synthliboramphus craveri Kittlitz's, Brachyramphus brevirostris Marbled, Brachyramphus marmoratus Xantus', Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Needletail, White-throated, Hirundapus caudacutus Night-Heron: Black-crowned, Nycticorax nycticorax Japanese, Nycticorax goisagi Malay, Nycticorax melanolophus Yellow-crowned, Nycticorax violaceus Nighthawk: Antillean, Chordeiles gundlachii Common, Chordeiles minor Lesser, Chordeiles acutipennis Nightjar: Buff-collared, Caprimulgus ridgwayi Jungle, Caprimulgus indicus Puerto Rican, Caprimulgus noctitherus Noddy: Black, Anous minutus Blue-gray, Procelsterna cerulea Brown, Anous stolidus Lesser, Anous tenuirostris Nutcracker, Clark's, Nucifraga columbiana Nuthatch: Brown-headed, Sitta pusilla Pygmy, Sitta pygmaea Red-breasted, Sitta canadensis White-breasted, Sitta carolinensis Oldsquaw (see DUCKS) Oriole: Altamira, Icterus gularis Audubon's, Icterus graduacauda Black-cowled, Icterus dominicensis Black-vented, Icterus wagleri Hooded, Icterus cucullatus Northern, Icterus galbula Orchard, Icterus spurius Scott's, Icterus parisorum Streak-backed, Icterus pustulatus Osprey, Pandion haliaetus Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus Owl: Barn (see Barn-Owl) Barred, Strix varia Boreal, Aegolius funereus Burrowing, Athene cunicularia Elf, Micrathene whitneyi Flammulated, Otus flammeolus Great Gray, Strix nebulosa Great Horned, Bubo virginianus Hawk (see Hawk-Owl) Long-eared, Asio otus Pygmy (see Pygmy-Owl) Saw-whet (see Saw-Whet Owl) Screech (see Screech-Owl) Short-eared, Asio flammeus Snowy, Nyctea scandiaca Spotted, Strix occidentalis Oystercatcher: American, Haematopus palliatus Black, Haematopus bachmani Parula: Northern, Parula americana Tropical, Parula pitiayumi Pauraque, Common, Nyctidromus albicollis Pelican: American White, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Brown, Pelecanus occidentalis Petrel: Black-capped, Pterodroma hasitata Bonin, Pterodroma hypoleuca Bulwer's, Bulweria bulwerii Cook's, Pterodroma cookii Dark-rumped, Pterodroma phaeopygia Herald, Pterodroma arminjoniana Kermadec, Pterodroma neglecta Mottled, Pterodroma inexpectata Murphy's, Pterodroma ultima Storm (see Storm-Petrel) White-necked, Pterodroma externa Pewee: Greater, Contopus pertinax Lesser Antillean, Contopus latirostris Wood (see Wood-Pewee) Phainopepla, Phainopepla nitens Phalarope: Red, Phalaropus fulicaria Red-necked, Phalaropus lobatus Wilson's, Phalaropus tricolor Phoebe: Black, Sayornis nigricans Eastern, Sayornis phoebe Say's, Sayornis saya Pigeon: Band-tailed, Columba fasciata Plain, Columba inornata Red-billed, Columba flavirostris Scaly-naped, Columba squamosa White-crowned, Columba leucocephala Pintail (see DUCKS) Pipit: Pechora, Anthus gustavi Red-throated, Anthus cervinus Sprague's, Anthus spragueii Tree (see Tree-Pipit) Water, Anthus spinoletta Plover: Black-bellied, Pluvialis squatarola Common Ringed, Charadrius hiaticula Golden (see Golden-Plover) Great Sand, Charadrius leschenaultii Little Ringed, Charadrius dubius Mongolian, Charadrius mongolus Mountain, Charadrius montanus [[Page 16]] Piping, Charadrius melodus Semipalmated, Charadrius semipalmatus Snowy, Charadrius alexandrinus Wilson's, Charadrius wilsonia Pochard (see DUCKS) Poorwill, Common, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Puffin: Atlantic, Fratercula arctica Horned, Fratercula corniculata Tufted, Fratercula cirrhata Pygmy-Owl: Ferruginous, Glaucidium brasilianum Northern, Glaucidium gnoma Pyrrhuloxia, Cardinalis sinuatus Quail-Dove: Bridled, Geotrygon mystacea Key West, Geotrygon chrysia Ruddy, Geotrygon montana Rail: Black, Laterallus jamaicensis Clapper, Rallus longirostris King, Rallus elegans Sora (see Sora) Virginia, Rallus limicola Yellow, Coturnicops noveboracensis Raven: Chihuahuan, Corvus cryptoleucus Common, Corvus corax Razorbill, Alca torda Redhead (see DUCKS) Redpoll: Common, Carduelis flammea Hoary, Carduelis hornemanni Redshank, Spotted, Tringa erythropus Redstart: American, Setophaga ruticilla Painted, Myioborus pictus Slaty-throated, Myioborus miniatus Reed-Bunting: Common, Emberiza schoeniculus Pallas', Emberiza pallasi Roadrunner, Greater, Geococcyx californianus Robin: American, Turdus migratorius Clay-colored, Turdus grayi Rufous-backed, Turdus rufopalliatus Rosefinch, Common, Carpodacus erythrinus Rough-winged Swallow, Northern, Stelgidopteryx serripennis Rubythroat, Siberian, Luscinia calliope Ruff, Philomachus pugnax Sanderling, Calidris alba Sandpiper: Baird's, Calidris bairdii Broad-billed, Limicola falcinellus Buff-breasted, Tryngites subruficollis Common, Actitis hypoleucos Curlew, Calidris ferruginea Least, Calidris minutilla Marsh, Tringa stagnatilis Pectoral, Calidris melanotos Purple, Calidris maritima Rock, Calidris ptilocnemis Semipalmated, Calidris pusilla Sharp-tailed, Calidris acuminata Solitary, Tringa solitaria Spoonbill, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus Spotted, Actitis macularia Stilt, Calidris himantopus Terek, Xenus cinereus Upland, Bartramia longicauda Western, Calidris mauri White-rumped, Calidris fuscicollis Wood, Tringa glareola Sapsucker: Red-breasted, Sphyrapicus ruber Williamson's, Sphyrapicus thyroideus Yellow-bellied, Sphyrapicus varius Saw-whet Owl, Northern, Aegolius acadicus Scaup (see DUCKS) Scoter (see DUCKS) Screech-Owl: Eastern, Otus asio Puerto Rican, Otus nudipes Western, Otus kennicottii Whiskered, Otus trichopsis Sea-Eagle, Steller's, Haliaeetus pelagicus Seedeater, White-collared, Sporophila torqueola Shearwater: Audubon's, Puffinus lherminieri Black-vented, Puffinus opisthomelas Buller's, Puffinus bulleri Christmas, Puffinus nativitatus Cory's, Calonectris diomedea Flesh-footed, Puffinus carneipes Greater, Puffinus gravis Little, Puffinus assimilis Manx, Puffinus puffinus Pink-footed, Puffinus creatopus Short-tailed, Puffinus tenuirostris Sooty, Puffinus griseus Townsend's, Puffinus auricularis Wedge-tailed, Puffinus pacificus Shoveler (see DUCKS) Shrike: Loggerhead, Lanius ludovicianus Northern, Lanius excubitor Siskin, Pine, Carduelis pinus Skimmer, Black, Rhynchops niger Skua: Great, Catharacta skua South Polar, Catharacta maccormicki Skylark, Eurasian, Alauda arvensis Smew (see DUCKS) Snipe: Common, Gallinago gallinago Jack, Lymnocryptes minimus Pin-tailed, Gallinago stenura Swinhoe's, Gallinago megala Solitaire, Townsend's, Myadestes townsendi Sora, Porzana carolina Sparrow: American Tree, Spizella arborea Bachman's, Aimophila aestivalis Baird's, Ammodramus bairdii Black-chinned, Spizella atrogularis Black-throated, Amphispiza bilineata Botteri's, Aimophila botterii Brewer's, Spizella breweri Cassin's, Aimophila cassinii Chipping, Spizella passerina Clay-colored, Spizella pallida Field, Spizella pusilla [[Page 17]] Five-striped, Amphispiza quinquestriata Fox, Passerella iliaca Golden-crowned, Zonotrichia atricapilla Grasshopper, Ammodramus savannarum Harris', Zonotrichia querula Henslow's, Ammodramus henslowii Lark, Chondestes grammacus Le Conte's, Ammodramus leconteii Lincoln's, Melospiza lincolnii Olive, Arremenops rufivirgatus Rufous-crowned, Aimophila ruificeps Rufous-winged, Aimophila carpalis Sage, Amphispiza belli Savannah, Passerculus sandwichensis Seaside, Ammodramus maritimus Sharp-tailed, Ammodramus caudacutus Song, Melospiza melodia Swamp, Melospiza georgiana Vesper, Pooecetes gramineus White-crowned, Zonotrichia leucophrys White-throated, Zonotrichia albicollis Worthen's, Spizella wortheni Spoonbill, Roseate, Ajaia ajaja Starling: Ashy, Sturnus cineraceus Violet-backed, Sturnus philippensis Starthroat, Plain-capped Heliomaster constantii, Stilt, Black-necked, Himantopus mexicanus Stint: Little, Calidris minuta Long-toed, Calidris subminuta Rufous-necked, Calidris ruficollis Temminck's, Calidris temminckii Stork, Wood, Mycteria americana Storm-Petrel: Ashy, Oceanodroma homochroa Band-rumped, Oceanodroma castro Black, Oceanodroma melania Fork-tailed, Oceanodroma furcata Leach's, Oceanodroma leucorhoa Least, Oceanodroma microsoma Sooty, Oceanodroma tristrami Wedge-rumped, Oceanodroma tethys White-faced, Pelagadroma marina Wilson's, Oceanites oceanicus Surfbird, Aphriza virgata Swallow: Bahama, Tachycineta cyaneoviridis Bank, Riparia riparia Barn, Hirundo rustica Cave, Hirundo fulva Cliff, Hirundo pyrrhonota Rough-winged (see Rough-winged Swallow) Tree, Tachycineta bicolor Violet-green, Tachycineta thalassina Swan: Trumpeter, Cygnus buccinator Tundra, Cygnus columbianus Whooper, Cygnus cygnus Swift: Antillean Palm, Tachornis pheonicobia Black, Cypseloides niger Chimney, Chaetura pelagica Common, Apus apus Fork-tailed, Apus pacificus Needle-tailed (see Needletail) Vaux's, Chaetura vauxi White-collared, Streptoprocne zonaris White-throated, Aeronautes saxatalis Tanager: Hepatic, Piranga flava Puerto Rican, Neospingus speculiferus Scarlet, Piranga olivacea Stripe-headed, Spindalis zena Summer, Piranga rubra Western, Piranga ludoviciana Tattler: Gray-tailed, Heteroscelus brevipes Wandering, Heteroscelus incanus Teal (see DUCKS) Tern: Aleutian, Sterna aleutica Arctic, Sterna paradisaea Black, Chlidonias niger Black-naped, Sterna sumatrana Bridled, Sterna anaethetus Caspian, Sterna caspia Common, Sterna hirundo Elegant, Sterna elegans Forster's, Sterna forsteri Gray-backed, Sterna lunata Gull-billed, Sterna nilotica Least, Sterna antillarum Little, Sterna albifrons Roseate, Sterna dougallii Royal, Sterna maxima Sandwich, Sterna sandvicensis Sooty, Sterna fuscata White, Gygis alba White-winged, Chlidonias leucopterus Thrasher: Bendire's, Toxostoma bendirei Brown, Toxostoma rufum California, Toxostoma redivivum Crissal, Toxostoma crissale Curve-billed, Toxostoma curvirostre Le Conte's, Toxostoma lecontei Long-billed, Toxostoma longirostre Pearly-eyed, Margarops fuscatus Sage, Oreoscoptes montanus Thrush: Aztec, Ridgwayia pinicola Blue Rock, Monticola solitarius Dusky, Turdus naumanni Eye-browed, Turdus obscurus Gray-cheeked, Catharus minimus Hawaiian, Phaeornis obscurus Hermit, Catharus guttatus Red-legged, Turdus plumbeus Small Kauai, Phaeornis palmeri Swainson's, Catharus ustulatus Varied, Ixoreus naevius Wood, Hylocichla minima Tit, Siberian, Parus cinctus Titmouse: Bridled, Parus wollweberi Plain, Parus inornatus Tufted, Parus bicolor Towhee: Abert's, Pipilo aberti Brown, Pipilo fuscus Green-tailed, Pipilo chlorurus Rufous-sided, Pipilo erythrophthalmus [[Page 18]] Tree-Pipit, Olive, Anthus hodgsoni Trogon: Eared, Euptilotus neoxenus Elegant, Trogon elegans Tropicbird: Red-billed, Phaethon aethereus Red-tailed, Phaethon rubricauda White-tailed, Phaethon lepturus Turnstone: Black, Arenaria melanocephala Ruddy, Arenaria interpres Veery, Catharus fuscescens Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps Violet-Ear, Green, Colibri thalassinus Vireo: Bell's Vireo bellii Black-capped, Vireo atricapillus Black-whiskered, Vireo altiloquus Gray, Vireo vicinior Hutton's, Vireo huttoni Philadelphia, Vireo philadelphicus Puerto Rican, Vireo latimeri Red-eyed, Vireo olivaceus Solitary, Vireo solitarius Warbling, Vireo gilvus White-eyed, Vireo griseus Yellow-throated, Vireo flavifrons Vulture: Black, Coragyps atratus Turkey, Cathartes aura Wagtail: Black-backed, Motacilla lugens Gray, Motacilla cinerea White, Motacilla alba Yellow, Motacilla flava Warbler: Adelaide's, Dendroica adelaidae Arctic, Phylloscopus borealis Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii Bay-breasted, Dendroica castanea Black-and-white, Mniotilta varia Black-throated Blue, Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated Gray, Dendroica nigrescens Black-throated Green, Dendroica virens Blackburnian, Dendroica fusca Blackpoll, Dendroica striata Blue-winged, Vermivora pinus Canada, Wilsonia canadensis Cape May, Dendroica tigrina Cerulean, Dendroica cerulea Chestnut-sided, Dendroica pensylvanica Colima, Vermivora crissalis Connecticut, Oporornis agilis Elfin Woods, Dendroica angelae Golden-cheeked, Dendroica chrysoparia Golden-crowned, Basileuterus culicivorus Golden-winged, Vermivora chrysoptera Grace's, Dendroica graciae Grasshopper (see Grasshopper-Warbler) Hermit, Dendroica occidentalis Hooded, Wilsonia citrina Kentucky, Oporornis formosus Kirtland's, Dendroica kirtlandii Lucy's, Vermivora luciae MacGillivray's, Oporornis tolmiei Magnolia, Dendroica magnolia Mourning, Oporornis philadelphia Nashville, Vermivora ruficapilla Olive, Peucedramus taeniatus Orange-crowned, Vermivora celata Palm, Dendroica palmarum Parula (see Parula) Pine, Dendroica pinus Prairie, Dendroica discolor Prothonotary, Protonotaria citrea Red-faced, Cardellina rubrifrons Rufous-capped, Basileuterus rufifrons Swainson's, Limnothlypis swainsonii Tennessee, Vermivora peregrina Townsend's, Dendroica townsendi Virgina's, Vermivora virginiae Willow, Phylloscopus trochilus Wilson's, Wilsonia pusilla Worm-eating, Helmitheros vermivorus Yellow, Dendroica petechia Yellow-rumped, Dendroica coronata Yellow-throated, Dendroica dominica Waterthrush: Louisiana, Seiurus motacilla Northern, Seiurus noveboracensis Waxwing: Bohemian, Bombycilla garrulus Cedar, Bombycilla cedrorum Wheatear, Northern, Oenanthe oenanthe Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus Whistling-Duck (see DUCKS) Wigeon (see DUCKS) Willet, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Wood-Pewee: Eastern, Contopus virens Western, Contopus sordidulus Woodcock: American, Scolopax minor Eurasian, Scolopax rusticola Woodpecker: Acorn, Melanerpes formicivorus Black-backed, Picoides arcticus Downy, Picoides pubescens Gila, Melanerpes uropygialis Golden-fronted, Melanerpes aurifrons Hairy, Picoides villosus Ivory-billed, Campephilus principalis Ladder-backed, Picoides scalaris Lewis', Melanerpes lewis Nuttall's, Picoides nuttallii Pileated, Dryocopus pileatus Puerto Rican, Melanerpes portoricensis Red-bellied, Melanerpes carolinus Red-cockaded, Picoides borealis Red-headed, Melanerpes erythrocephalus Strickland's, Picoides stricklandi Three-toed, Picoides tridactylus White-headed, Picoides albolarvatus Woodstar, Bahama, Calliphlox evelynae Wren: Bewick's Thryomanes bewickii Cactus, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Canyon, Catherpes mexicanus Carolina, Thryothorus ludovicianus House, Troglodytes aedon Marsh, Cistothorus palustris Rock, Salpinctes obsoletus Sedge, Cistothorus platensis [[Page 19]] Winter, Troglodytes troglodytes Wryneck, Eurasian, Jynx torquilla Yellowlegs: Greater, Tringa melanoleuca Lesser, Tringa flavipes Yellowthroat: Common, Geothlypis trichas Gray-crowned, Geothlypis poliocephala II. Taxonomic Listing Order GAVIIFORMES Family GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata, Red-throated Loon Gavia arctica, Arctic Loon Gavia immer, Common Loon Gavia adamsii, Yellow-billed Loon Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Family PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptus dominicus, Least Grebe Podilymbus podiceps, Pied-billed Grebe Podiceps auritus, Horned Grebe Podiceps grisegena, Red-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis, Eared Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis, Western Grebe Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Family DIOMEDEIDAE Diomedea albatrus, Short-tailed Albatross Diomedea nigripes, Black-footed Albatross Diomedea immutabilis, Laysan Albatross Diomedea chlororhynchos, Yellow-nosed Albatross Family PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis, Northern Fulmar Pterodroma hasitata, Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia, Dark-rumped Petrel Pterodroma externa, White-necked Petrel Pterodroma inexpectata, Mottled Petrel Pterodroma ultima, Murphy's Petrel Pterodroma neglecta, Kermadec Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana, Herald Petrel Pterodroma cookii, Cook's Petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca, Bonin Petrel Bulweria bulwerii, Bulwer's Petrel Calonectris diomedea, Cory's Shearwater Puffinus creatopus, Pink-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes, Flesh-footed Shearwater Puffinus gravis, Greater Shearwater Puffinus pacificus, Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus bulleri, Buller's Shearwater Puffinus griseus, Sooty Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris, Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus nativitatis, Christmas Shearwater Puffinus puffinus, Manx Shearwater Puffinus opisthomelas, Black-vented Shearwater Puffinus auricularis, Townsend's Shearwater Puffinus assimilis, Little Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri, Audubon's Shearwater Family HYDROBATIDAE Oceanites oceanicus, Wilson's Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina, White-faced Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma furcata, Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Leach's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma homochroa, Ashy Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma castro, Band-rumped Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma tethys, Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma melania, Black Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma tristrami, Sooty Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma microsoma, Least Storm-Petrel Order PELECANIFORMES Family PHAETHONTIDAE Phaethon lepturus, White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus, Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda, Red-tailed Tropicbird Family SULIDAE Sula dactylatra, Masked Booby Sula nebouxii, Blue-footed Booby Sula leucogaster, Brown Booby Sula sula, Red-footed Booby Sula bassanus, Northern Gannet Family PELECANIDAE Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, American White Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis, Brown Pelican Family PHALACROCORACIDAE Phalacrocorax carbo, Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus, Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax olivaceus, Olivaceous Cormorant Phalacrocorax penicillatus, Brandt's Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Pelagic Cormorant Phalacrocorax urile, Red-faced Cormorant Family ANHINGIDAE Anhinga anhinga, Anhinga Family FREGATIDAE Fregata magnificens, Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata minor, Great Frigatebird Fregata ariel, Lesser Frigatebird Order CICONIIFORMES Family ARDEIDAE Botaurus lentiginosus, American Bittern Ixobrychus exilis, Least Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis, Chinese Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Schrenk's Bittern Ardea herodias, Great Blue Heron Casmerodius albus, Great Egret Egretta eulophotes, Chinese Egret Egretta sacra, Pacific Reef Heron Egretta intermedia, Plumed Egret Egretta thula, Snowy Egret Egretta caerulea, Little Blue Heron Egretta tricolor, Tricolored Heron Egretta rufescens, Reddish Egret [[Page 20]] Bubulcus ibis, Cattle Egret Butorides striatus, Green-backed Heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax melanolophus, Malay Night-Heron Nycticorax goisagi, Japanese Night-Heron Nycticorax violaceus, Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE Eudocimus albus, White Ibis Eudocimus ruber, Scarlet Ibis Plegadis falcinellus, Glossy Ibis Plegadis chihi, White-faced Ibis Ajaia ajaja, Roseate Spoonbill Family CICONIIDAE Jabiru mycteria, Jabiru Mycteria americana, Wood Stork Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE Phoenicopterus ruber, Greater Flamingo Order ANSERIFORMES Family ANATIDAE Dendrocygna bicolor, Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis, Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna arborea, West Indian Whistling-Duck Cygnus columbianus, Tundra Swan Cygnus cygnus, Whooper Swan Cygnus buccinator, Trumpeter Swan Anser fabalis, Bean Goose Anser albifrons, Greater White-fronted Goose Chen caerulescens, Snow Goose Chen rossii, Ross' Goose Chen canagica, Emperor Goose Branta bernicla, Brant Branta leucopsis, Barnacle Goose Branta canadensis, Canada Goose Nesochen sandvicensis, Hawaiian Goose Aix sponsa, Wood Duck Anas crecca, Green-winged Teal Anas formosa, Baikal Teal Anas falcata, Falcated Teal Anas rubripes, American Black Duck Anas fulvigula, Mottled Duck Anas platyrhynchos, Mallard Anas wyvilliana, Hawaiian Duck Anas laysanensis, Laysan Duck Anas bahamensis, White-cheeked Pintail Anas acuta, Northern Pintail Anas querquedula, Garganey Anas discors, Blue-winged Teal Anas cyanoptera, Cinnamon Teal Anas clypeata, Northern Shoveler Anas strepera, Gadwall Anas penelope, Eurasian Wigeon Anas americana, American Wigeon Aythya ferina, Common Pochard Aythya valisineria, Canvasback Aythya americana, Redhead Aythya baeri, Baer's Pochard Aythya collaris, Ring-necked Duck Aythya fuligula, Tufted Duck Aythya marila, Greater Scaup Aythya affinis, Lesser Scaup Somateria mollissima, Common Eider Somateria spectabilis, King Eider Somateria fischeri, Spectacled Eider Polysticta stelleri, Steller's Eider Histrionicus histrionicus, Harlequin Duck Clangula hyemalis, Oldsquaw Melanitta nigra, Black Scoter Melanitta perspicillata, Surf Scoter Melanitta fusca, White-winged Scoter Bucephala clangula, Common Goldeneye Bucephala islandica, Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala albeola, Bufflehead Mergellus albellus, Smew Lophodytes cucullatus, Hooded Merganser Mergus merganser, Common Merganser Mergus serrator, Red-breasted Merganser Oxyura jamaicensis, Ruddy Duck Oxyura dominica, Masked Duck Order FALCONIFORMES Family CATHARTIDAE Coragyps atratus, Black Vulture Cathartes aura, Turkey Vulture Gymnogyps californianus, California Condor Family ACCIPITRIDAE Pandion haliaetus, Osprey Chondrohierax uncinatus, Hook-billed Kite Elanoides forficatus, American Swallow-tailed Kite Elanus caeruleus, Black-shouldered Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis, Snail Kite Ictinia mississippiensis, Mississippi Kite Milvus migrans, Black Kite Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Bald Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus, Steller's Sea-Eagle Circus cyaneus, Northern Harrier Accipiter gularis, Asiatic Sparrow Hawk Accipiter striatus, Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter cooperii, Cooper's Hawk Accipiter gentilis, Northern Goshawk Buteogallus anthracinus, Common Black-Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus, Harris' Hawk Buteo nitidus, Gray Hawk Buteo lineatus, Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo platypterus, Broad-winged Hawk Buteo brachyurus, Short-tailed Hawk Buteo swainsoni, Swainson's Hawk Buteo albicaudatus, White-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus, Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo solitarius, Hawaiian Hawk Buteo jamaicensis, Red-tailed Hawk Buteo regalis, Ferruginous Hawk Buteo lagopus, Rough-legged Hawk Aquila chrysaetos, Golden Eagle Family FALCONIDAE Polyborus plancus, Crested Caracara Falco tinnunculus, Eurasian Kestrel Falco sparverius, American Kestrel Falco columbarius, Merlin Falco femoralis, Aplomado Falcon [[Page 21]] Falco peregrinus, Peregrine Falcon Falco rusticolus, Gyrfalcon Falco mexicanus, Prairie Falcon Order GRUIFORMES Family RALLIDAE Coturnicops noveboracensis, Yellow Rail Laterallus jamaicensis, Black Rail Crex crex, Corn Crake Rallus longirostris, Clapper Rail Rallus elegans, King Rail Rallus limicola, Virginia Rail Porzana carolina, Sora Porzana flaviventer, Yellow-breasted Crake Porphyrula martinica, Purple Gallinule Gallinula chloropus, Common Moorhen Fulica atra, Eurasian Coot Fulica americana, American Coot Fulica caribaea, Caribbean Coot Family ARAMIDAE Aramus guarauna, Limpkin Family GRUIDAE Grus canadensis, Sandhill Crane Grus grus, Common Crane Grus americana, Whooping Crane Order CHARADRIIFORMES Family CHARADRIIDAE Vanellus vanellus, Northern Lapwing Pluvialis squatarola, Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis dominica, Lesser Golden-Plover Charadrius mongolus, Mongolian Plover Charadrius leschenaultii, Great Sand Plover Charadrius alexandrinus, Snowy Plover Charadrius wilsonia, Wilson's Plover Charadrius hiaticula, Common Ringed Plover Charadrius semipalmatus, Semipalmated Plover Charadrius melodus, Piping Plover Charadrius dubius, Little Ringed Plover Charadrius vociferus, Killdeer Charadrius montanus, Mountain Plover Charadrius morinellus, Eurasian Dotterel Family HAEMATOPODIDAE Haematopus palliatus, American Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani, Black Oystercatcher Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Himantopus mexicanus, Black-necked Stilt Recurvirostra americana, American Avocet Family JACANIDAE Jacana spinosa, Northern Jacana Family, SCOLOPACIDAE Tringa nebularia, Common Greenshank Tringa melanoleuca, Greater Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes, Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa stagnatilis, Marsh Sandpiper Tringa erythropus, Spotted Redshank Tringa glareola, Wood Sandpiper Tringa solitaria, Solitary Sandpiper Catoptrophorus semipalmatus, Willet Heteroscelus incanus, Wandering Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes, Gray-tailed Tattler Actitis hypoleucos, Common Sandpiper Actitis macularia, Spotted Sandpiper Xenus cinereus, Terek Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda, Upland Sandpiper Numenius minutus, Least Curlew Numenius borealis, Eskimo Curlew Numenius phaeopus, Whimbrel Numenius tahitiensis, Bristle-thighed Curlew Numenius madagascariensis, Far Eastern Curlew Numenius americanus, Long-billed Curlew Limosa limosa, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa haemastica, Hudsonian Godwit Limosa lapponica, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa fedoa, Marbled Godwit Arenaria interpres, Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria melanocephala, Black Turnstone Aphriza virgata, Surfbird Calidris tenuirostris, Great Knot Calidris canutus, Red Knot Calidris alba, Sanderling Calidris pusilla, Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris mauri, Western Sandpiper Calidris ruficollis, Rufous-necked Stint Calidris minuta, Little Stint Calidris temminckii, Temminck's Stint Calidris subminuta, Long-toed Stint Calidris minutilla, Least Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis, White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris bairdii, Baird's Sandpiper Calidris melanotos, Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris acuminata, Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris maritima, Purple Sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis, Rock Sandpiper Calidris alpina, Dunlin Calidris ferruginea, Curlew Sandpiper Calidris himantopus, Stilt Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, Spoonbill Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus, Broad-billed Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis, Buff-breasted Sandpiper Philomachus pugnax, Ruff Limnodromus griseus, Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus, Long-billed Dowitcher Lymnocryptes minimus, Jack Snipe Gallinago gallinago, Common Snipe Gallinago stenura, Pin-tailed Snipe Gallinago megala, Swinhoe's Snipe Scolopax rusticola, Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax minor, American Woodcock Phalaropus tricolor, Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus, Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus fulicaria, Red Phalarope Family LARIDAE Stercorarius pomarinus, Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus, Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus, Long-tailed Jaeger Catharacta skua, Great Skua Catharacta maccormicki, South Polar Skua Larus atricilla, Laughing Gull Larus pipixcan, Franklin's Gull Larus minutus, Little Gull [[Page 22]] Larus ridibundus, Common Black-headed Gull Larus philadelphia, Bonaparte's Gull Larus heermanni, Heermann's Gull Larus canus, Mew Gull Larus delawarensis, Ring-billed Gull Larus californicus, California Gull Larus argentatus, Herring Gull Larus thayeri, Thayer's Gull Larus glaucoides, Iceland Gull Larus fuscus, Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus schistisagus, Slaty-backed Gull Larus livens, Yellow-footed Gull Larus occidentalis, Western Gull Larus glaucescens, Glaucous-winged Gull Larus hyperboreus, Glaucous Gull Larus marinus, Great Black-backed Gull Rissa tridactyla, Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris, Red-legged Kittiwake Rhodostethia rosea, Ross' Gull Xema sabini, Sabine's Gull Pagophila eburnea, Ivory Gull Sterna nilotica, Gull-billed Tern Sterna caspia, Caspian Tern Sterna maxima, Royal Tern Sterna elegans, Elegant Tern Sterna sandvicensis, Sandwich Tern Sterna dougallii, Roseate Tern Sterna hirundo, Common Tern Sterna paradisaea, Arctic Tern Sterna aleutica, Aleutian Tern Sterna forsteri, Forster's Tern Sterna antillarum, Least Tern Sterna albifrons, Little Tern Sterna sumatrana, Black-naped Tern Sterna lunata, Gray-backed Tern Sterna anaethetus, Bridled Tern Sterna fuscata, Sooty Tern Chlidonias leucopterus, White-winged Tern Chlidonias niger, Black Tern Anous stolidus, Brown Noddy Anous minutus, Black Noddy Anous tenuirostris, Lesser Noddy Procelsterna cerulea, Blue-Gray Noddy Gygis alba, White Tern Rynchops niger, Black Skimmer Family ALCIDAE Alle alle, Dovekie Uria aalge, Common Murre Uria lomvia, Thick-billed Murre Alca torda, Razorbill Cepphus grylle, Black Guillemot Cepphus columba, Pigeon Guillemot Brachyramphus marmoratus, Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris, Kittlitz's Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus, Xantus' Murrelet Synthliboramphus craveri, Craveri's Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus, Ancient Murrelet Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cassin's Auklet Cyclorrhynchus psittacula, Parakeet Auklet Aethia pusilla, Least Auklet Aethia pygmaea, Whiskered Auklet Aethia cristatella, Crested Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata, Rhinoceros Auklet Fratercula cirrhata, Tufted Puffin Fratercula arctica, Atlantic Puffin Fratercula corniculata, Horned Puffin Order COLUMBIFORMES Family COLUMBIDAE Columba squamosa, Scaly-naped Pigeon Columba leucocephala, White-crowned Pigeon Columba flavirostris, Red-billed Pigeon Columba inornata, Plain Pigeon Columba fasciata, Band-tailed Pigeon Zenaida asiatica, White-winged Dove Zenaida aurita, Zenaida Dove Zenaida macroura, Mourning Dove Columbina inca, Inca Dove Columbina passerina, Common Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti, Ruddy Ground-Dove Leptotila verreauxi, White-tipped Dove Geotrygon chrysia, Key West Quail-Dove Geotrygon mystacea, Bridled Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana, Ruddy Quail-Dove Order CUCULIFORMES Family CUCULIDAE Cuculus canorus, Common Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus, Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus fugax, Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus, Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus minor, Mangrove Cuckoo Geococcyx californianus, Greater Roadrunner Saurothera vieilloti, Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo Crotophaga ani, Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris, Groove-billed Ani Order STRIGIFORMES Family TYTONIDAE Tyto alba, Common Barn-Owl Family STRIGIDAE Otus flammeolus, Flammulated Owl Otus asio, Eastern Screech-Owl Otus kennicottii, Western Screech-Owl Otus trichopsis, Whiskered Screech-Owl Otus nudipes, Puerto Rican Screech-Owl Bubo virginianus, Great Horned Owl Nyctea scandiaca, Snowy Owl Surnia ulula, Northern Hawk-Owl Glaucidium gnoma, Northern Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum, Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Micrathene whitneyi, Elf Owl Athene cunicularia, Burrowing Owl Strix occidentalis, Spotted Owl Strix varia, Barred Owl Strix nebulosa, Great Gray Owl Asio otus, Long-eared Owl Asio flammeus, Short-eared Owl Aegolius funereus, Boreal Owl Aegolius acadicus, Northern Saw-whet Owl Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES [[Page 23]] Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Chordeiles acutipennis, Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles minor, Common Nighthawk Chordeiles gundlachii, Antillean Nighthawk Nyctidromus albicollis, Common Pauraque Phalaenoptilus nuttallii, Common Poorwill Caprimulgus carolinensis, Chuck-will's-widow Caprimulgus ridgwayi, Buff-collared Nightjar Caprimulgus vociferus, Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus noctitherus, Puerto Rican Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus, Jungle Nightjar Order APODIFORMES Family APODIDAE Cypseloides niger, Black Swift Streptoprocne zonaris, White-collared Swift Chaetura pelagica, Chimney Swift Chaetura vauxi, Vaux's Swift Hirundapus caudacutus, White-throated Needletail Apus apus, Common Swift Apus pacificus, Fork-tailed Swift Aeronautes saxatalis, White-throated Swift Tachornis phoenicobia, Antillean Palm Swift Family TROCHILIDAE Colibri thalassinus, Green Violet-ear Anthracothorax dominicus, Antillean Mango Anthracothorax viridis, Green Mango Eulampis holosericeus, Green-throated Carib Orthorhynchus cristatus, Antillean Crested Hummingbird Chlorostilbon maugaeus, Puerto Rican Emerald Cynanthus latirostris, Broad-billed Hummingbird Hylocharis leucotis, White-eared Hummingbird Amazilia beryllina, Berylline Hummingbird Amazilia yucatanensis, Buff-bellied Hummingbird Amazilia violiceps, Violet-crowned Hummingbird Lampornis clemenciae, Blue-throated Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens, Magnificent Hummingbird Heliomaster constantii, Plain-capped Starthroat Calliphlox evelynae, Bahama Woodstar Calothorax lucifer, Lucifer Hummingbird Archilochus colubris, Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri, Black-chinned Hummingbird Calypte anna, Anna's Hummingbird Calypte costae, Costa's Hummingbird Stellula calliope, Calliope Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus, Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus, Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin, Allen's Hummingbird Order TROGONIFORMES Family TROGONIDAE Trogon elegans, Elegant Trogon Euptilotus neoxenus, Eared Trogon Order CORACIIFORMES Family UPUPIDAE Upupa epops, Hoopoe Family ALCEDINIDAE Ceryle torquata, Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon, Belted Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana, Green Kingfisher Order PICIFORMES Family PICIDAE Jynx torquilla, Eurasian Wryneck Melanerpes lewis, Lewis' Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus, Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes uropygialis, Gila Woodpecker Melanerpes aurifrons, Golden-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus, Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes portoricensis, Puerto Rican Woodpecker Sphyrapicus varius, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber, Red-breasted Sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus, Williamson's Sapsucker Picoides scalaris, Ladder-Backed Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii, Nuttall's Woodpecker Picoides pubescens, Downy Woodpecker Picoides villosus, Hairy Woodpecker Picoides stricklandi, Strickland's Woodpecker Picoides borealis, Red-cockaded Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus, White-headed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus, Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides arcticus, Black-backed Woodpecker Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker Dryocopus pileatus, Pileated Woodpecker Campephilus principalis, Ivory-billed Woodpecker Order PASSERIFORMES Family TYRANNIDAE Elaenia martinica, Caribbean Elaenia Camptostoma imberbe, Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet Contopus borealis, Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus pertinax, Greater Pewee Contopus sordidulus, Western Wood-Pewee Contopus virens, Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus latirostris, Lesser Antillean Pewee Empidonax flaviventris, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax virescens, Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum, Alder Flycatcher Empidonax traillii, Willow Flycatcher Empidonax minimus, Least Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii, Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri, Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax wrightii, Gray Flycatcher [[Page 24]] Empidonax difficilis, Western Flycatcher Empidonax fulvifrons, Buff-breasted Flycatcher Sayornis nigricans, Black Phoebe Sayornis phoebe, Eastern Phoebe Sayornis saya, Say's Phoebe Pyrocephalus rubinus, Vermilion Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer, Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens, Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus nuttingi, Nutting's Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus, Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus, Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus antillarum, Puerto Rican Flycatcher Pitangus sulphuratus, Great Kiskadee Myiodynastes luteiventris, Sulpher-bellied Flycatcher Tyrannus melancholicus, Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus couchii, Couch's Kingbird Tyrannus vociferans, Cassin's Kingbird Tyrannus crassirostris, Thick-billed Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis, Western Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus, Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis, Gray Kingbird Tyrannus caudifasciatus, Loggerhead Kingbird Tyrannus forficatus, Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana, Fork-tailed Flycatcher Pachyramphus aglaiae, Rose-throated Becard Family ALAUDIDAE Alauda arvensis, Eurasian Skylark Eremophila alpestris, Horned Lark Family HIRUNDINIDAE Progne subis, Purple Martin Progne cryptoleuca, Cuban Martin Progne dominicensis, Caribbean Martin Progne chalybea, Gray-breasted Martin Tachycineta bicolor, Tree Swallow Tachycineta thalassina, Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta cyaneoviridis, Bahama Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis, Northern Rough-winged Swallow Riparia riparia, Bank Swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota, Cliff Swallow Hirundo fulva, Cave Swallow Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow Delichon urbica, Common House-Martin Family CORVIDAE Perisoreus canadensis, Gray Jay Cyanocitta stelleri, Steller's Jay Cyanocitta cristata, Blue Jay Cyanocorax yncas, Green Jay Cyanocorax morio, Brown Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens, Scrub Jay Aphelocoma ultramarina, Gray-breasted Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, Pinyon Jay Nucifraga columbiana, Clark's Nutcracker Pica pica, Black-billed Magpie Pica nuttalli, Yellow-billed Magpie Corvus brachyrhynchos, American Crow Corvus caurinus, Northwestern Crow Corvus leucognaphalus, White-necked Crow Corvus imparatus, Mexican Crow Corvus ossifragus, Fish Crow Corvus hawaiiensis, Hawaiian Crow Corvus cryptoleucus, Chihuahuan Raven Corvus corax, Common Raven Family PARIDAE Parus atricapillus, Black-capped Chickadee Parus carolinensis, Carolina Chickadee Parus sclateri, Mexican Chickadee Parus gambeli, Mountain Chickadee Parus cinctus, Siberian Tit Parus hudsonicus, Boreal Chickadee Parus rufescens, Chestnut-backed Chickadee Parus wollweberi, Bridled Titmouse Parus inornatus, Plain Titmouse Parus bicolor, Tufted Titmouse Family REMIZIDAE Auriparus flaviceps, Verdin Family AEGITHALIDAE Psaltriparus minimus, Bushtit Family SITTIDAE Sitta canadensis, Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis, White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta pygmaea, Pygmy Nuthatch Sitta pusilla, Brown-headed Nuthatch Family CERTHIIDAE Certhia americana, Brown Creeper Family TROGLODYTIDAE Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Cactus Wren Salpinctes obsoletus, Rock Wren Catherpes mexicanus, Canyon Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wren Thryomanes bewickii, Bewick's Wren Troglodytes aedon, House Wren Troglodytes troglodytes, Winter Wren Cistothorus platensis, Sedge Wren Cistothorus palustris, Marsh Wren Family CINCLIDAE Cinclus mexicanus, American Dipper Family MUSCICAPIDAE Subfamily SYLVIINAE Locustella ochotensis, Middendorff's Grasshopper-Warbler Phylloscopus borealis, Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, Willow Warbler Regulus satrapa, Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned Kinglet Polioptila caerulea, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila melanura, Black-tailed Gnatcatcher Polioptila nigriceps, Black-capped Gnatcatcher Subfamily MUSCICAPINAE Muscicapa griseisticta, Gray-spotted Flycatcher [[Page 25]] Muscicapa narcissina, Narcissus Flycatcher Subfamily TURDINAE Luscinia calliope, Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia svecica, Bluethroat Monticola solitarius, Blue Rock Thrush Oenanthe oenanthe, Northern Wheatear Sialis sialis, Eastern Bluebird Sialis mexicana, Western Bluebird Sialis currucoides, Mountain Bluebird Myadestes townsendi, Townsend's Solitaire Phaeornis obscurus, Hawaiian Thrush Phaeornis palmeri, Small Kauai Thrush Catharus fuscescens, Veery Catharus minimus, Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus ustulatus, Swainson's Thrush Catharus guttatus, Hermit Thrush Hylocichla mustelina, Wood Thrush Turdus plumbeus, Red-legged Thrush Turdus obscurus, Eye-browed Thrush Turdus naumanni, Dusky Thrush Turdus pilaris, Fieldfare Turdus grayi, Clay-colored Robin Turdus rufopalliatus, Rufous-backed Robin Turdus migratorius, American Robin Ixoreus naevius, Varied Thrush Ridgwayia pinicola, Aztec Thrush Family MIMIDAE Dumetella carolinensis, Gray Catbird Mimus polyglottos, Northern Mockingbird Oreoscoptes montanus, Sage Thrasher Toxostoma rufum, Brown Thrasher Toxostoma longirostre, Long-billed Thrasher Toxostoma bendirei, Bendire's Thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre, Curve-billed Thrasher Toxostoma redivivum, California Thrasher Toxostoma crissale, Crissal Thrasher Toxostoma lecontei, Le Conte's Thrasher Margarops fuscatus, Pearly-eyed Thrasher Family PRUNELLIDAE Prunella montanella, Siberian Accentor Family MOTACILLIDAE Motacilla flava, Yellow Wagtail Motacilla cinerea, Gray Wagtail Motacilla alba, White Wagtail Motacilla lugens, Black-backed Wagtail Anthur hodgsoni, Olive Tree-Pipit Anthus gustavi, Pechora Pipit Anthus cervinus, Red-throated Pipit Anthus spinoletta, Water Pipit Anthus spragueii, Sprague's Pipit Family BOMBYCILLIDAE Bombycilla garrulus, Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum, Cedar Waxwing Family PTILOGONATIDAE Phainopepla nitens, Phainopepla Family LANIIDAE Lanius excubitor, Northern Shrike Lanius ludovicianus, Loggerhead Shrike Family STURNIDAE Sturnus philippensis, Violet-backed Starling Sturnus cineraceus, Ashy Starling Family VIREONIDAE Vireo griseus, White-eyed Vireo Vireo latimeri, Puerto Rican Vireo Vireo bellii, Bells' Vireo Vireo atricapillus, Black-capped Vireo Vireo vicinior, Gray Vireo Vireo solitarius, Solitary Vireo Vireo flavifrons, Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo huttoni, Hutton's Vireo Vireo gilvus, Warbling Vireo Vireo philadelphicus, Philadelphia Vireo Vireo olivaceus, Red-eyed Vireo Vireo altiloquus, Black-whiskered Vireo Family EMBERIZIDAE Subfamily PARULINAE Vermivora bachmanii, Bachman's Warbler Vermivora pinus, Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera, Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora peregrina, Tennessee Warbler Vermivora celata, Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla, Nashville Warbler Vermivora virginiae, Virginia's Warbler Vermivora crissalis, Colima Warbler Vermivora luciae, Lucy's Warbler Parula americana, Northern Parula Parula pitiayumi, Tropical Parula Dendroica petechia, Yellow Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica, Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica magnolia, Magnolia Warbler Dendroica tigrina, Cape May Warbler Dendroica caerulescens, Black-throated Blue Warbler Dendroica coronata, Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica nigrescens, Black-throated Gray Warbler Dendroica townsendi, Townsend's Warbler Dendroica occidentalis, Hermit Warbler Dendroica virens, Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica chrysoparia, Golden-cheeked Warbler Dendroica fusca, Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica dominica, Yellow-throated Warbler Dendroica graciae, Grace's Warbler Dendroica adelaidae, Adelaide's Warbler Dendroica pinus, Pine Warbler Dendroica kirtlandii, Kirtland's Warbler Dendroica discolor, Prairie Warbler Dendroica palmarum, Palm Warbler Dendroica castanea, Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica striata, Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica cerulea, Cerulean Warbler Dendroica angelae, Elfin Woods Warbler Mniotilta varia, Black-and-White Warbler Setophaga ruticilla, American Redstart Protonotaria citrea, Prothonotary Warbler Helmitheros vermivorus, Worm-eating Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii, Swainson's Warbler Seiurus aurocapillus, Ovenbird Seiurus noveboracensis, Northern Waterthrush Seiurus motacilla, Louisiana Waterthrush [[Page 26]] Oporornis formosus, Kentucky Warbler Oporornis agilis, Connecticut Warbler Oporornis philadelphia, Mourning Warbler Oporornis tolmiei, MacGillivray's Warbler Geothlypis trichas, Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis poliocephala, Gray-crowned Yellowthroat Wilsonia citrina, Hooded Warbler Wilsonia pusilla, Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia canadensis, Canada Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons, Red-faced Warbler Myioborus pictus, Painted Redstart Myioborus miniatus, Slaty-throated Redstart Basileuterus culicivorus, Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons, Rufous-capped Warbler Icteria virens, Yellow-breasted Chat Peucedramus taeniatus, Olive Warbler Subfamily THRAUPINAE Spindalis zena, Stripe-headed Tanager Neospingus speculiferus, Puerto Rican Tanager Piranga flava, Hepatic Tanager Piranga rubra, Summer Tanager Piranga olivacea, Scarlet Tanager Piranga ludoviciana, Western Tanager Euphonia musica, Antillean Euphonia Subfamily CARDINALINAE Rhodothraupis celaeno, Crimson-collared Grosbeak Cardinalis cardinals, Northern Cardinal Cardinalis sinuatus, Pyrrhuloxia Pheucticus chrysopeplus, Yellow Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus, Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus, Black-headed Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea, Blue Grosbeak Passerina amoena, Lazuli Bunting Passerina cyanea, Indigo Bunting Passerina versicolor, Varied Bunting Passerina ciris, Painted Bunting Spiza americana, Dickcissel Subfamily EMBERIZINAE Arremonops rufivirgatus, Olive Sparrow Pipilo chlorurus, Green-tailed Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Rufous-sided Towhee Pipilo fuscus, Brown Towhee Pipilo aberti, Abert's Towhee Sporophila torqueola, White-collared Seedeater Tiaris olivacea, Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris bicolor, Black-faced Grassquit Loxigilla portoricensis, Puerto Rican Bullfinch Aimophila aestivalis, Bachman's Sparrow Aimophila botterii, Botteri's Sparrow Aimophila cassinii, Cassin's Sparrow Aimophila carpalis, Rufous-winged Sparrow Aimophila ruficeps, Rufous-crowned Sparrow Spizella arborea, American Tree Sparrow Spizella passerina, Chipping Sparrow Spizella pallida, Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella breweri, Brewer's Sparrow Spizella pusilla, Field Sparrow Spizella wortheni, Worthen's Sparrow Spizella atrogularis, Black-chinned Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus, Vesper Sparrow Chondestes grammacus, Lark Sparrow Amphispiza bilineata, Black-throated Sparrow Amphispiza belli, Sage Sparrow Amphispiza quinquestriata, Five-striped Sparrow Calamospiza melanocorys, Lark Bunting Passerculus sandwichensis, Savannah Sparrow Ammodramus bairdii, Baird's Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum, Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus henslowii, Henslow's Sparrow Ammodramus leconteii, Le Conte's Sparrow Ammodramus caudacutus, Sharp-tailed Sparrow Ammodramus maritimus, Seaside Sparrow Passerella iliaca, Fox Sparrow Melosipza melodia, Song Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii, Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza georgiana, Swamp Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis, White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla, Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys, White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia querula, Harris' Sparrow Junco hyemalis, Dark-eyed Junco Junco phaeonotus, Yellow-eyed Junco Emberiza rustica, Rustic Bunting Emberiza pallasi, Pallas' Reed-Bunting Emberiza schoeniculus, Common Reed-Bunting Calcarius mccownii, McCown's Longspur Calcarius lapponicus, Lapland Longspur Calcarius pictus, Smith's Longspur Calcarius ornatus, Chestnut-collared Longspur Plectrophenax nivalis, Snow Bunting Plectrophenax hyperboreus, McKay's Bunting Subfamily ICTERINAE Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Bobolink Agelaius phoeniceus, Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius tricolor, Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius humeralis, Tawny-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius xanthomus, Yellow-shouldered Blackbird Sturnella magna, Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta, Western Meadowlark Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, Yellow-headed Blackbird Euphagus carolinus, Rusty Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus, Brewer's Blackbird Quiscalus mexicanus, Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus major, Boat-tailed Grackle [[Page 27]] Quiscalus quiscula, Common Grackle Quiscalus niger, Greater Antillean Grackle Molothrus bonariensis, Shiny Cowbird Molothrus aeneus, Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus ater, Brown-headed Cowbird Icterus dominicensis, Black-cowled Oriole Icterus wagleri, Black-vented Oriole Icterus spurius, Orchard Oriole Icterus cucullatus, Hooded Oriole Icterus pustulatus, Streak-backed Oriole Icterus gularis, Altamira Oriole Icterus graduacauda, Audubon's Oriole Icterus galbula, Northern Oriole Icterus parisorum, Scott's Oriole Family FRINGILLIDAE Subfamily FRINGILLINAE Fringilla montifringilla, Brambling Subfamily CARDUELINAE Leucosticte arctoa, Rosy Finch Pinicola enucleator, Pine Grosbeak Carpodacus erythrinus, Common Rosefinch Carpodacus purpureus, Purple Finch Carpodacus cassinii, Cassin's Finch Carpodacus mexicanus, House Finch Loxia curvirostra, Red Crossbill Loxia leucoptera, White-winged Crossbill Carduelis flammea, Common Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni, Hoary Redpoll Carduelis pinus, Pine Siskin Carduelis psaltria, Lesser Goldfinch Carduelis lawrencei, Lawrence's Goldfinch Carduelis tristis, American Goldfinch Carduelis sinica, Oriental Greenfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Eurasian Bullfinch Coccothraustes vespertinus, Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Hawfinch [50 FR 13710, Apr. 5, 1985]