[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 14, Volume 1]
[Revised as of January 1, 2003]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 14CFR23.45]

[Page 178-179]
 
                     TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
 
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 
PART 23--AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES--Table of Contents
 
                            Subpart B--Flight
 
Sec. 23.45  General.

    (a) Unless otherwise prescribed, the performance requirements of 
this part must be met for--
    (1) Still air and standard atmosphere; and
    (2) Ambient atmospheric conditions, for commuter category airplanes, 
for reciprocating engine-powered airplanes of more than 6,000 pounds 
maximum weight, and for turbine engine-powered airplanes.
    (b) Performance data must be determined over not less than the 
following ranges of conditions--
    (1) Airport altitudes from sea level to 10,000 feet; and
    (2) For reciprocating engine-powered airplanes of 6,000 pounds, or 
less, maximum weight, temperature from standard to 30  deg.C above 
standard; or
    (3) For reciprocating engine-powered airplanes of more than 6,000 
pounds maximum weight and turbine engine-powered airplanes, temperature 
from standard to 30  deg.C above standard, or the maximum ambient 
atmospheric temperature at which compliance with the cooling provisions 
of Sec. 23.1041 to Sec. 23.1047 is shown, if lower.
    (c) Performance data must be determined with the cowl flaps or other 
means for controlling the engine cooling air supply in the position used 
in the cooling tests required by Sec. 23.1041 to Sec. 23.1047.
    (d) The available propulsive thrust must correspond to engine power, 
not exceeding the approved power, less--
    (1) Installation losses; and
    (2) The power absorbed by the accessories and services appropriate 
to the particular ambient atmospheric conditions and the particular 
flight condition.
    (e) The performance, as affected by engine power or thrust, must be 
based on a relative humidity:
    (1) Of 80 percent at and below standard temperature; and
    (2) From 80 percent, at the standard temperature, varying linearly 
down to 34 percent at the standard temperature plus 50  deg.F.
    (f) Unless otherwise prescribed, in determining the takeoff and 
landing distances, changes in the airplane's configuration, speed, and 
power must be made in accordance with procedures established by the 
applicant for operation in service. These procedures must be able to be 
executed consistently by pilots of average skill in atmospheric 
conditions reasonably expected to be encountered in service.
    (g) The following, as applicable, must be determined on a smooth, 
dry, hard-surfaced runway--
    (1) Takeoff distance of Sec. 23.53(b);
    (2) Accelerate-stop distance of Sec. 23.55;
    (3) Takeoff distance and takeoff run of Sec. 23.59; and
    (4) Landing distance of Sec. 23.75.
    Note: The effect on these distances of operation on other types of 
surfaces (for example, grass, gravel) when dry, may be determined or 
derived and these surfaces listed in the Airplane Flight Manual in 
accordance with Sec. 23.1583(p).
    (h) For commuter category airplanes, the following also apply:
    (1) Unless otherwise prescribed, the applicant must select the 
takeoff, enroute, approach, and landing configurations for the airplane.
    (2) The airplane configuration may vary with weight, altitude, and 
temperature, to the extent that they are compatible with the operating 
procedures required by paragraph (h)(3) of this section.
    (3) Unless otherwise prescribed, in determining the critical-engine-
inoperative takeoff performance, takeoff flight path, and accelerate-
stop distance, changes in the airplane's configuration, speed, and power 
must be made in accordance with procedures established by the applicant 
for operation in service.

[[Page 179]]

    (4) Procedures for the execution of discontinued approaches and 
balked landings associated with the conditions prescribed in 
Sec. 23.67(c)(4) and Sec. 23.77(c) must be established.
    (5) The procedures established under paragraphs (h)(3) and (h)(4) of 
this section must--
    (i) Be able to be consistently executed by a crew of average skill 
in atmospheric conditions reasonably expected to be encountered in 
service;
    (ii) Use methods or devices that are safe and reliable; and
    (iii) Include allowance for any reasonably expected time delays in 
the execution of the procedures.

[Doc. No. 27807, 61 FR 5184, Feb. 9, 1996]