[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 14, Volume 1]
[Revised as of January 1, 2003]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 14CFR23.75]

[Page 185]
 
                     TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
 
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 
PART 23--AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES--Table of Contents
 
                            Subpart B--Flight
 
Sec. 23.75  Landing distance.

    The horizontal distance necessary to land and come to a complete 
stop from a point 50 feet above the landing surface must be determined, 
for standard temperatures at each weight and altitude within the 
operational limits established for landing, as follows:
    (a) A steady approach at not less than VREF, determined 
in accordance with Sec. 23.73 (a), (b), or (c), as appropriate, must be 
maintained down to the 50 foot height and--
    (1) The steady approach must be at a gradient of descent not greater 
than 5.2 percent (3 degrees) down to the 50-foot height.
    (2) In addition, an applicant may demonstrate by tests that a 
maximum steady approach gradient steeper than 5.2 percent, down to the 
50-foot height, is safe. The gradient must be established as an 
operating limitation and the information necessary to display the 
gradient must be available to the pilot by an appropriate instrument.
    (b) A constant configuration must be maintained throughout the 
maneuver.
    (c) The landing must be made without excessive vertical acceleration 
or tendency to bounce, nose over, ground loop, porpoise, or water loop.
    (d) It must be shown that a safe transition to the balked landing 
conditions of Sec. 23.77 can be made from the conditions that exist at 
the 50 foot height, at maximum landing weight, or at the maximum landing 
weight for altitude and temperature of Sec. 23.63 (c)(2) or (d)(2), as 
appropriate.
    (e) The brakes must be used so as to not cause excessive wear of 
brakes or tires.
    (f) Retardation means other than wheel brakes may be used if that 
means--
    (1) Is safe and reliable; and
    (2) Is used so that consistent results can be expected in service.
    (g) If any device is used that depends on the operation of any 
engine, and the landing distance would be increased when a landing is 
made with that engine inoperative, the landing distance must be 
determined with that engine inoperative unless the use of other 
compensating means will result in a landing distance not more than that 
with each engine operating.

[Amdt. 23-21, 43 FR 2318, Jan. 16, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 23-34, 52 
FR 1828, Jan. 15, 1987; Amdt. 23-42, 56 FR 351, Jan. 3, 1991; Amdt. 23-
50, 61 FR 5187, Feb. 9, 1996]