[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 16]
[Revised as of July 1, 2003]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR86.004-11]
[Page 40-42]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES--Table of Contents
Subpart A--General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and
Sec. 86.004-11 Emission standards for 2004 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
This section applies to 2004 and later model year diesel HDEs.
(a)(1) Exhaust emissions from new 2004 and later model year diesel
HDEs shall not exceed the following:
(i)(A) Oxides of Nitrogen plus Non-methane Hydrocarbons (NOX
+NMHC) for engines fueled with either petroleum fuel, natural gas, or
liquefied petroleum gas, 2.4 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.89 gram
per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
(B) Oxides of Nitrogen plus Non-methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent
(NOX+NMHCE) for engines fueled with methanol, 2.4 grams per
brake horsepower-hour (0.89 gram per megajoule), as measured under
transient operating conditions.
(C) Optional standard. Manufacturers may elect to certify to an
Oxides of Nitrogen plus Non-methane Hydrocarbons (or equivalent for
methanol-fueled engines) standard of 2.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour
(0.93 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating
conditions, provided that Non-methane Hydrocarbons (or equivalent for
methanol-fueled engines) do not exceed 0.5 grams per brake horsepower-
hour (0.19 gram per megajoule) NMHC (or NMHCE for methanol-fueled
engines), as measured under transient operating conditions.
(D) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel HDE
families in any or all of the emissions ABT programs for HDEs, within
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.004-15 or superseding applicable
sections. If the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any
of these programs, the NOX plus NMHC (or NOX plus
NMHCE for methanol-fueled engines) FELs may not exceed 4.5 grams per
brake horsepower-hour (1.7 grams per megajoule). This ceiling value
applies whether credits for the family are derived from averaging,
banking, or trading programs. Additionally, families certified to the
optional standard contained in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(C) of this section
shall not exceed 0.50 grams per brake
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horsepower-hour (0.19 gram per megajoule) NMHC (or NMHCE for methanol-
fueled engines) through the use of credits.
(E) [Reserved]
(ii) Carbon monoxide. (A) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
(B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-,
natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel HDEs only).
(iii) Particulate. (A) For diesel engines to be used in urban buses,
0.05 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.019 gram per megajoule) for
certification testing and selective enforcement audit testing, and 0.07
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.026 gram per megajoule) for in-use
testing, as measured under transient operating conditions.
(B) For all other diesel engines, 0.10 gram per brake horsepower-
hour (0.037 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient operating
conditions.
(C) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel HDE
families in any or all of the particulate ABT programs for HDEs, within
the restrictions described in Sec. 86.004-15 or superseding applicable
sections. If the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any
of these programs, the particulate FEL may not exceed 0.25 gram per
brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule).
(2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section
refer to the exhaust emitted over the operating schedule set forth in
paragraph (f)(2) of appendix I to this part, and measured and calculated
in accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart N or P of this
part, except as noted in Sec. 86.098-23(c)(2) or superceding sections.
(b)(1) The opacity of smoke emission from new 2004 and later model
year diesel HDEs shall not exceed:
(i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
(ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.
(iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
(2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and calculated in
accordance with those procedures.
(3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus
methanol) from heavy-duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel
engines shall not exceed the following standards. The standards apply
equally to certification and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also
applies to newly assembled vehicles.
(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000
lbs:
(A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
(2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.5 grams per test.
(B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
(C) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram per test.
(ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than
14,000 lbs:
(A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
(2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.5 grams per test.
(B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
(iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3) of this section
refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the
conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set forth in
subpart M of this part. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers
may conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions
for an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate.
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted
from emission test results from
[[Page 42]]
certification vehicles if approved in advance by the Administrator.
(B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than
26,000 lbs., the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this
section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in
Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
(iv) All fuel vapor generated during in-use operations shall be
routed exclusively to the evaporative control system (e.g., either
canister or engine purge). The only exception to this requirement shall
be for emergencies.
(4) Evaporative emissions from 2004 and later model year heavy-duty
vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled HDEs shall not exceed the following standards. The standards
apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles.
(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000
pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
(ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than
14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
(iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(4) of this
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected
under the conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in
accordance with those procedures.
(B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and
(b)(4)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering
design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which
is required in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
(c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient
atmosphere from any new 2004 or later model year methanol-, natural gas-
, or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel, or any naturally-aspirated
diesel HDE. For petroleum-fueled engines only, this provision does not
apply to engines using turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers
for air induction.
(d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in
subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the
requirements of this section.
(e) The standards described in this section do not apply to diesel-
fueled medium-duty passenger vehicles (MDPVs) that are subject to
regulation under subpart S of this part, except as specified in subpart
S of this part. The standards described in this section also do not
apply to diesel engines used in such MDPVs, except as specified in the
regulations in subpart S of this part. The term ``medium-duty passenger
vehicle'' is defined in Sec. 86.1803.
[62 FR 54721, Oct. 21, 1997, as amended at 65 FR 6848, Feb. 10, 2000; 65
FR 59945, Oct. 6, 2000]