[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 17]
[Revised as of July 1, 2003]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR86.608-98]
[Page 25-30]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND
ENGINES (CONTINUED)--Table of Contents
Subpart G--Selective Enforcement Auditing of New Light-Duty Vehicles
Sec. 86.608-98 Test procedures.
(a) The prescribed test procedures are the Federal Test Procedure,
as described in subpart B and/or subpart R of this part, whichever is
applicable, the cold temperature CO test procedure as described in
subpart C of this part, and the Certification Short Test procedure as
described in subpart O of this part. Where the manufacturer conducts
testing based on the requirements specified in Chapter 1 or Chapter 2 of
the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low
Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996), the prescribed test procedures
are the procedures cited in the previous sentence, or substantially
similar procedures, as determined by the Administrator. The California
Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle
Program are incorporated by reference (see Sec. 86.1). For purposes of
Selective Enforcement Audit testing, the manufacturer shall not be
required to perform any of the test procedures in subpart B of this part
relating to evaporative emission testing, other than refueling emissions
testing, except as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(1) The Administrator may omit any of the testing procedures
described in paragraph (a) of this section and may select and prescribe
the sequence of any CSTs. Further, the Administrator may, on the basis
of a written application by a manufacturer, approve optional test
procedures other than those in subparts B, C, and O of this part for any
motor vehicle which is not susceptible to satisfactory testing using the
procedures in subparts B, C, and O of this part.
(2) The following exceptions to the test procedures in subpart B
and/or subpart R of this part are applicable to Selective Enforcement
Audit testing:
(i) For mileage accumulation, the manufacturer may use test fuel
meeting the specifications for mileage and service accumulation fuels of
Sec. 86.113, or, for vehicles certified to the National LEV standards,
the specifications of Sec. 86.1771. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use
fuels other than those specified in this section only with the advance
approval of the Administrator.
(ii) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel
at other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified
in Sec. 86.131-96(a) with only a single temperature sensor, and may
drain the test fuel from other than the lowest point of the tank, as
specified in Sec. 86.131-96(b) and Sec. 86.152-98(a), provided an
equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall be maintained
by the
[[Page 26]]
manufacturers and shall be made available to the Administrator upon
request. Additionally, for any test vehicle that has remained under
laboratory ambient temperature conditions for at least 6 hours prior to
testing, the vehicle soak described in Sec. 86.132-96(c) may be
eliminated upon approval of the Administrator. In such cases, the
vehicle shall be operated through the preconditioning drive described in
Sec. 86.132-96(c) immediately following the fuel drain and fill
procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(b).
(iii) The manufacturer may perform additional preconditioning on
Selective Enforcement Audit test vehicles other than the preconditioning
specified in Sec. 86.132, or Sec. 86.1773, for vehicles certified to the
National LEV standards only if the additional preconditioning was
performed on certification test vehicles of the same configuration.
(iv) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative/refueling
canister preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the
manufacturer shall perform the heat build procedure 11 to 34 hours
following vehicle preconditioning rather than according to the time
period specified in Sec. 86.133-90(a). All references to an evaporative
emission enclosure and analyzing for HC during the heat build can be
ignored.
(v) The manufacturer may substitute slave tires for the drive wheel
tires on the vehicle as specified in paragraph Sec. 86.135-90(e):
Provided, that the slave tires are the same size.
(vi) If the Administrator elects to use the evaporative/refueling
canister preconditioning procedure described in Sec. 86.132-96(k), the
cold start exhaust emission test described in Sec. 86.137-96 shall
follow the heat build procedure described in Sec. 86.133-90 by not more
than one hour.
(vii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140-94.
(A) When testing diesel vehicles, or methanol-fueled Otto-cycle
vehicles, the manufacturer shall allow a minimum of 20 minutes warm-up
for the HC analyzer, and for diesel vehicles, a minimum of two hours
warm-up for the CO, CO2, and NOX analyzers. (Power
is normally left on infrared and chemiluminescent analyzers. When not in
use, the chopper motors of the infrared analyzers are turned off and the
phototube high voltage supply to the chemiluminescent analyzers is
placed in the standby position.)
(B) The manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from
condensing in the sample collection bags.
(viii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142,
Sec. 86.155, or Sec. 86.1775, since the records required therein are
provided under other provisions of this subpart G.
(ix) If a manufacturer elects to perform the background
determination procedure described in paragraph (a)(2)(xi) of this
section in addition to performing the refueling emissions test
procedure, the elapsed time between the initial and final FID readings
shall be recorded, rounded to the nearest second rather than minute as
described in Sec. 86.154-98(e)(8). In addition, the vehicle soak
described in Sec. 86.153-98(e) shall be conducted with the windows and
luggage compartment of the vehicle open.
(x) The Administrator may elect to perform a seal test, described in
Sec. 86.153-98(b), of both integrated and non-integrated systems instead
of the full refueling test. When testing non-integrated systems, an
manufacturer may conduct the canister purge described in Sec. 86.153-
98(b)(1) directly following the preconditioning drive described in
Sec. 86.132-96(e) or directly following the exhaust emissions test
described in Sec. 86.137-96.
(xi) In addition to the refueling test, a manufacturer may elect to
perform the following background emissions determination immediately
prior to the refueling measurement procedure described in Sec. 86.154-
98, provided EPA is notified of this decision prior to the start of
testing in an SEA.
(A) The SHED shall be purged for several minutes immediately prior
to the background determination. Warning: If at any time the
concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol, or of methanol and
hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C, the enclosure should be immediately
purged. This concentration provides a 4:1 safety factor against the lean
flammability limit.
(B) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and
spanned immediately prior to the background
[[Page 27]]
determination. If not already on, the enclosure mixing fan and the
spilled fuel mixing blower shall be turned on at this time.
(C) Place the vehicle in the SHED. The ambient temperature level
encountered by the test vehicle during the entire background emissions
determination shall be 80 deg.F 3 deg.F. The windows and
luggage compartment of the vehicle must be open and the gas cap must be
secured.
(D) Seal the SHED. Immediately analyze the ambient concentration of
hydrocarbons in the SHED and record. This is the initial background
hydrocarbon concentration.
(E) Soak the vehicle for ten minutes 1 minute.
(F) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer shall be zeroed and
spanned immediately prior to the end of the background determination.
(G) Analyze the ambient concentration of hydrocarbons in the SHED
and record. This is the final background hydrocarbon concentration.
(H) The total hydrocarbon mass emitted during the background
determination is calculated according to Sec. 86.156-98. To obtain a
per-minute background emission rate, divide the total hydrocarbon mass
calculated in this paragraph by the duration of the soak, rounded to the
nearest second, described in paragraph (a)(2)(xi)(G) of this section.
(I) The background emission rate is multiplied by the duration of
the refueling measurement obtained in paragraph (a)(2)(ix) of this
section. This number is then subtracted from the total grams of
emissions calculated for the refueling test according to Sec. 86.156-
98(a) to obtain the adjusted value for total refueling emissions. The
final results for comparison with the refueling emission standard shall
be computed by dividing the adjusted value for total refueling mass
emissions by the total gallons of fuel dispensed in the refueling test
as described in Sec. 86.156-98(b).
(xii) In addition to the requirements of subpart B of this part, the
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled vehicles
as follows prior to emission testing:
(A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to ensure the
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa)
to the fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and isolating the
fuel system from the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel
system, pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa)
in five minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform corrective
action in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section and report this
action in accordance with Sec. 86.609-98(d).
(B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling
emission control systems.
(C) The manufacturer may not modify the test vehicle's evaporative
or refueling emission control systems by component addition, deletion,
or substitution, except to comply with paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this
section if approved in advance by the Administrator.
(3) The following exceptions to the test procedures in subpart C of
this part are applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing:
(i) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel at
other than the approximate mid-volume of the fuel tank, as specified in
Sec. 86.131-90(a), and may drain the test fuel from other than the
lowest point of the fuel tank as specified in Sec. 86.131-90(b),
provided an equivalent method is used. Equivalency documentation shall
be maintained by the manufacturer and shall be made available to the
Administrator upon request.
(ii) In performing exhaust sample analysis under Sec. 86.140-94, the
manufacturer shall exercise care to prevent moisture from condensing in
the sample collection bags.
(iii) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.142-90 since the
records required therein are provided under other provisions of this
subpart G.
(iv) In addition to the requirements of subpart C of this part, the
manufacturer shall prepare gasoline-fueled vehicles as follows prior to
exhaust emission testing:
(A) The manufacturer shall inspect the fuel system to ensure the
absence
[[Page 28]]
of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a pressure
of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa) to the
fuel system allowing the pressure to stabilize and isolating the fuel
system from the pressure source. Following isolation of the fuel system,
pressure must not drop more than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa) in five
minutes. If required, the manufacturer shall perform corrective action
in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section and report this action
in accordance with Sec. 86.609-98(d).
(B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer shall
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling
emission control system.
(C) The manufacturer shall not modify the test vehicle's evaporative
or refueling emission control system by component addition, deletion, or
substitution, except if approved in advance by the Administrator, to
comply with paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section.
(4) The exceptions to the test procedures in subpart O of this part
applicable to Selective Enforcement Audit testing are listed in
paragraphs (a)(4) (i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) The manufacturer need not comply with Sec. 86.1442, since the
records required therein are provided under provisions of this subpart
G.
(ii) In addition to the requirements of subpart O of this part, the
manufacturer must prepare vehicles as in paragraphs (a)(4)(ii) (A)
through (C) of this section prior to exhaust emission testing.
(A) The manufacturer must inspect the fuel system to insure the
absence of any leaks of liquid or vapor to the atmosphere by applying a
pressure of 14.50.5 inches of water (3.60.1 Kpa)
to the fuel system, allowing the pressure to stabilize, and isolating
the fuel system from the pressure source. Pressure must not drop more
than 2.0 inches of water (0.5 Kpa) in five minutes. If required, the
manufacturer performs corrective action in accordance with paragraph (d)
of this section and must report this action in accordance with
Sec. 86.609-98(d).
(B) When performing this pressure check, the manufacturer must
exercise care to neither purge nor load the evaporative or refueling
emission control system.
(C) The manufacturer may not modify the test vehicle's evaporative
or refueling emission control system by component addition, deletion, or
substitution.
(b)(1) The manufacturer shall not adjust, repair, prepare, or modify
the vehicles selected for testing and shall not perform any emission
tests on vehicles selected for testing pursuant to the test order unless
this adjustment repair, preparation, modification, and/or tests are
documented in the manufacturer's vehicle assembly and inspection
procedures and are actually performed or unless these adjustments and/or
tests are required or permitted under this subpart or are approved in
advance by the Administrator.
(2) For 1981 and later model years the Administrator may adjust or
cause to be adjusted any engine or vehicle parameter which the
Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment for new vehicle
compliance testing (e.g., for certification or Selective Enforcement
Audit testing) in accordance with Sec. 86.081-22(c)(1), to any setting
within the physically adjustable range of that parameter, as determined
by the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 86.081-22(e)(3)(ii), prior
to the performance of any tests. However, if the idle speed parameter is
one which the Administrator has determined to be subject to adjustment,
the Administrator shall not adjust it to a setting which causes a lower
engine idle speed than will be possible within the physically adjustable
range of the idle speed parameter on the vehicle when it has accumulated
4,000 miles, all other parameters being adjusted identically for the
purpose of comparison. The Administrator, in making or specifying such
adjustments, will consider the effect of the deviation from the
manufacturer's recommended setting on emissions performance
characteristics as well as the likelihood that similar settings will
occur on in-use light-duty vehicles or light-duty trucks. In determining
likelihood, the Administrator will consider factors such as, but not
limited to, the
[[Page 29]]
effect of the adjustment on vehicle performance characteristics and
surveillance information from similar in-use vehicles.
(c) Prior to performing emission testing pursuant to paragraph (a)
of this section on an SEA test vehicle, the manufacturer may accumulate
on each vehicle a number of miles equal to the greater of 4,000 miles,
or the number of miles the manufacturer accumulated during certification
on the emission-data vehicle corresponding to the configuration
specified in the test order.
(1) Mileage accumulation must be performed in any manner using good
engineering judgment to obtain emission results representative of normal
production vehicles. This mileage accumulation must be consistent with
the new vehicle break-in instructions contained in the applicable
vehicle owner's manual, if any.
(2) The manufacturer shall accumulate mileage at a minimum rate of
300 miles per vehicle during each 24-hour period, unless otherwise
provided by the Administrator.
(i) The first 24-hour period for mileage accumulation shall begin as
soon as authorized vehicle checks, inspections and preparations are
completed on each vehicle.
(ii) The minimum mileage accumulation rate does not apply on
weekends or holidays.
(iii) If the manufacturer's mileage accumulation target is less than
the minimum rate specified (300 miles per day), then the minimum daily
accumulation rate shall be equal to the manufacturer's mileage
accumulation target.
(3) Mileage accumulation shall be completed on a sufficient number
of test vehicles during consecutive 24-hour periods to assure that the
number of vehicles tested per day fulfills the requirements of paragraph
(g) of this section.
(d) The manufacturer shall not perform any maintenance on test
vehicles after selection for testing nor shall the Administrator allow
deletion of any test vehicle from the test sequence, unless requested by
the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator before any test
vehicle maintenance of deletion.
(e) The manufacturer will be allowed 24 hours to ship test vehicles
from the assembly plant or storage facility to the test facility if the
test facility is not located at the plant or storage facility or in
close proximity to the plant or storage facility: Except, that the
Administrator may approve more time based upon a request by the
manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification.
(f) If a vehicle cannot complete the mileage accumulation or
emission tests because of vehicle malfunction, the manufacturer may
request the Administrator to authorize the repair of that vehicle or its
deletion from the test sequence.
(g) Whenever the manufacturer conducts testing pursuant to a test
order issued under this subpart, the manufacturer shall notify the
Administrator within one working day of receipt of the test order, which
test facility will be used to comply with the test order and the number
of available test cells at that facility. If no test cells are available
at the desired facility, the manufacturer must provide alternate testing
capability satisfactory to the Administrator.
(1) The manufacturer shall perform a combination of tests pursuant
to paragraph (a) of this section so that a minimum of four tests are
performed per 24 hour period, including voided tests, for each available
test cell.
(2) The Administrator may approve a longer period based upon a
request by a manufacturer accompanied by satisfactory justification.
(h) The manufacturer shall perform test vehicle selection,
preparation, mileage accumulation, shipping, and testing in such a
manner as to assure that the audit is performed in an expeditious
manner.
(i) The manufacturer may retest any test vehicle after a fail
decision has been reached in accordance with Sec. 86.610-98(d) based on
the first test on each vehicle; except that the Administrator may
approve retests at other times during the audit based upon a request by
the manufacturer accompanied by a satisfactory justification. The
manufacturer may test each vehicle a total of three times. The
manufacturer shall test each vehicle the
[[Page 30]]
same number of times. The manufacturer may accumulate additional mileage
on test vehicles before conducting retests, subject to the provisions of
paragraph (c) of this section.
[59 FR 16301, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 1995; 62
FR 31235, June 6, 1997]