[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 17]
[Revised as of July 1, 2003]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR86.708-94]
[Page 49-52]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND
ENGINES (CONTINUED)--Table of Contents
Subpart H--General Provisions for In-Use Emission Regulations for 1994
and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks
Sec. 86.708-94 In-use emission standards for 1994 and later model year
light-duty vehicles.
Section 86.708-94 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from Sec. 86.090-8 of subpart A of this part. Where a paragraph
in Sec. 86.090-8 is identical and applicable to Sec. 86.708-94, this may
be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec. 86.090-8.'' Where a corresponding
paragraph of Sec. 86.090-8 is not applicable, this is indicated by the
statement ``[Reserved].''
(a)(1) Standards. (i) In-use exhaust emissions from 1994 and later
model year light-duty vehicles shall meet all standards in tables H94-3
and H94-4 in the rows designated with the applicable fuel type,
according to the implementation schedules in tables H94-1 and H94-2, and
shall meet all standards in tables H94-6 and H94-7 in the rows
designated with the applicable fuel type, according to the
implementation schedules in table H94-5, as follows:
(A)(1)(i) For model years 1994 and 1995, a minimum of the percentage
shown in table H94-1 of a manufacturer's sales of the applicable model
year's light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier
1I standards in table H94-3. The remaining vehicles, if any,
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 0 standards in table H94-3.
(ii) For model years 1996 and beyond, a minimum of the percentages
shown in table H94-2 of a manufacturer's sales of the applicable model
year's light-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1
standards in tables H94-3 and H94-4. The remaining vehicles, if any,
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1I standards in table
H94-3.
(2) Particulates. For in-use exhaust emissions for model years 1994
and later, a minimum of the percentage shown in table H94-5 of a
manufacturer's sales of the applicable model year's light-duty vehicles
shall not exceed the applicable Tier 1 standards in tables H94-6 and
H94-7. The remaining vehicles, if any, shall not exceed the applicable
Tier 0 standards in table H94-6.
(3) Optionally, compliance with the Tier 1I and Tier 1
implementation schedules of this section may be based on the combined
sales of light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks, if such option
was taken for certification as allowed in Sec. 86.094-8 and Sec. 86.094-
9 of subpart A of this part. Vehicles meeting Tier 1I in-use
standards shall only be combined for this purpose with other vehicles
meeting Tier 1I standards, and those meeting Tier 1 standards
shall only be combined with those meeting the Tier 1 standards.
Table H94-1--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO
and NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 1I
Model year percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994....................................................... 40
1995....................................................... 80
1996....................................................... 60
1997....................................................... 20
After 1997................................................. 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table H94-2--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO
and NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 1
Model year percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994....................................................... 0
1995....................................................... 0
1996....................................................... 40
1997....................................................... 80
After 1997................................................. 100
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 50]]
Table H94-3--Intermediate Useful Life\1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO and NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel Standards THC NMHC THCE NMHCE CO NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline........................... Tier 0................ 0.41 ...... ...... ........... 3.4 1.0
Gasoline........................... Tier 1I............... 0.41 0.32 ...... ........... 3.4 0.4
Gasoline........................... Tier 1................ 0.41 0.25 ...... ........... 3.4 0.4
Diesel............................. Tier 0................ 0.41 ...... ...... ........... 3.4 1.0
Diesel............................. Tier 1I............... 0.41 0.32 ...... ........... 3.4 1.0
Diesel............................. Tier 1................ 0.41 0.25 ...... ........... 3.4 1.0
Methanol........................... Tier 0................ ...... ...... 0.41 ........... 3.4 1.0
Methanol........................... Tier 1I............... ...... ...... 0.41 0.32 3.4 0.4
Methanol........................... Tier 1................ ...... ...... 0.41 0.25 3.4 0.4
Natural Gas........................ Tier 0................ ...... 0.34 ...... ........... 3.4 1.0
Natural Gas........................ Tier 1I............... ...... 0.32 ...... ........... 3.4 0.4
Natural Gas........................ Tier 1................ ...... 0.25 ...... ........... 3.4 0.4
LPG................................ Tier 0................ 0.41 ...... ...... ........... 3.4 1.0
LPG................................ Tier 1I............... 0.41 0.32 ...... ........... 3.4 0.4
LPG................................ Tier 1................ 0.41 0.25 ...... ........... 3.4 0.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
Table H94-4--Full Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO and NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel Standards THC NMHC THCE NMHCE CO NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline........................... Tier 0................ ...... ...... ...... ........... ...... ......
Gasoline........................... Tier 1................ ...... 0.31 ...... ........... 4.2 0.60
Diesel............................. Tier 0................ ...... ...... ...... ........... ...... ......
Diesel............................. Tier 1................ ...... 0.31 ...... ........... 4.2 1.25
Methanol........................... Tier 0................ ...... ...... ...... ........... ...... ......
Methanol........................... Tier 1................ ...... ...... ...... 0.31 4.2 0.60
Natural Gas........................ Tier 0................ ...... ...... ...... ........... ...... ......
Natural Gas........................ Tier 1................ ...... 0.31 ...... ........... 4.2 0.60
LPG................................ Tier 0................ ...... ...... ...... ........... ...... ......
LPG................................ Tier 1................ ...... 0.31 ...... ........... 4.2 0.60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever first occurs, except that no enforcement
testing will be done beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
Table H94-5--Implementation Schedule for Light-Duty Vehicles for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 1
Model year percentage
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994....................................................... 40
1995....................................................... 80
After 1995................................................. 100
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table H94-6--Intermediate Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-
Duty Vehicles for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel Standards PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline............................... Tier 0.................. .....
Gasoline............................... Tier 1.................. 0.08
Diesel................................. Tier 0.................. 0.20
Diesel................................. Tier 1.................. 0.08
Methanol............................... Tier 0.................. \2\ 0
.20
Methanol............................... Tier 1.................. 10.08
Natural Gas............................ Tier 0.................. \2\ 0
.20
Natural Gas............................ Tier 1.................. 0.08
LPG.................................... Tier 0.................. \2\ 0
.20
LPG.................................... Tier 1.................. 0.08
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever
first occurs.
\2\ Applicable only to diesel-cycle vehicles.
Table H94-7--Full Useful Life \1\ Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty
Vehicles for PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel Standards PM
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline.............................. Tier 0.................. ......
Gasoline.............................. Tier 1.................. 0.10
Diesel................................ Tier 0.................. ......
[[Page 51]]
Diesel................................ Tier 1.................. 0.10
Methanol.............................. Tier 0.................. ......
Methanol.............................. Tier 1.................. 0.10
Natural Gas........................... Tier 0.................. ......
Natural Gas........................... Tier 1.................. 0.10
LPG................................... Tier 0.................. ......
LPG................................... Tier 1.................. 0.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The applicable useful life is 10 years or 100,000 miles, whichever
first occurs, except that no enforcement testing will be done beyond 7
years or 75,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
(B)(1)(i) Sales percentages for the purposes of determining
compliance with paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section shall be based on
total actual U.S. sales of light-duty vehicles of the applicable model
year by a manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker,
or any other entity which comprises the point of first sale. If the
option of paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A)(3) is taken, such sales percentages
shall be based on the total actual combined U.S. sales of light-duty
vehicles and light light-duty trucks of the applicable model year by a
manufacturer to a dealer, distributor, fleet operator, broker, or any
other entity which comprises the point of first sale.
(ii) The manufacturer may petition the Administrator to allow actual
volume produced for U.S. sales to be used in lieu of actual U.S. sales
for purposes of determining compliance with the implementation schedule
sales percentages of tables H94-1, H94-2 and H94-5 of this section. Such
petition shall be submitted within 30 days of the end of the model year
to the Manufacturers Operations Division. For the petition to be
granted, the manufacturer must establish to the satisfaction of the
Administrator that actual production volume is functionally equivalent
to actual sales volume.
(iii) The vehicles that are counted toward the implementation
schedule sales percentage, or toward the total on which such percentage
is based, for certification purposes as prescribed by Sec. 86.094-8
(a)(1)(i)(B)(1)(iii) of subpart A of this part, shall be the same
vehicles that are counted toward the implementation schedule sales
percentage, or the total on which it is based, for in-use purposes.
(iv) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14 (b)
(1) and (2), are exempt from the implementation schedules of tables H94-
1 and H94-2 of this section for model years 1994 through 1997, and from
the implementation schedule of table H94-5 of this section for model
years 1994 and 1995. For small volume manufacturers, Tier 0 standards of
table H94-6 continue to apply until model year 1996 and Tier 0 standards
of table H94-3 continue to apply until model year 1998, when one hundred
percent compliance with the Tier 1 standards of tables H94-3, H94-4,
H94-6, and H94-7 is required. This exemption does not apply to small
volume engine families as defined in Sec. 86.092-14 (b)(5).
(2)(i) For 1994 and 1995 model year light-duty vehicles, the engine
families which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage
of sales meeting Tier 1 standards for HCs, CO, and NOX, for
purposes of certification, shall be the same engine families which
comprise the required implementation schedule percentage of sales
meeting the interim in-use standards (labeled ``Tier 1I'' in
the tables of in-use standards) for in-use purposes.
(ii) For 1996 and 1997 model year light-duty vehicles the engine
families which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage
of sales meeting interim in-use standards (labeled ``Tier
1I'' in the tables of in-use standards) and final in-use
standards (labeled ``Tier 1'' in the tables of in-use standards)
respectively, for HCs, CO, and NOX, for in-use purposes,
shall be designated by the manufacturer at the time of Application for
Certification.
(iii) For 1994 and 1995 model year light-duty vehicles, the engine
families
[[Page 52]]
which comprise the required implementation schedule percentage of sales
meeting Tier 1 standards, for PM, for purposes of certification, shall
be the same engine families which comprise the required implementation
schedule percentage of sales meeting the final in-use standards (labeled
``Tier 1'' in the tables of in-use standards) for PM for in-use
purposes.
(3) The manufacturer must state at the time of Application for
Certification, based on projected U.S. sales or projected production for
U.S. sale, which families will be used to attain the required
implementation schedule sales percentages for in-use purposes.
(4) A manufacturer cannot use one set of engine families to meet its
in-use intermediate useful life standards and another to meet its in-use
full useful life standards. The same families which are used to meet the
intermediate useful life standards will be required without deviation to
meet the corresponding full useful life standards.
(ii) Engine families participating in the particulate averaging
program as specified in Sec. 86.094-8 (a)(1)(ii) shall be subject, for
purposes of in-use compliance, to the particulate family emission limit
determined for that engine family for certification purposes, in lieu of
the appropriate particulate standard shown in the tables of in-use
standards in this section.
(iii) CST emissions from model year 1996 and later gasoline-fueled
Otto-cycle light-duty vehicles measured and calculated in accordance
with subpart O of this part may not exceed the standards listed in
paragraphs (a)(1)(iii) (A) and (B) of this section.
(A) Hydrocarbons: 220 ppm as hexane.
(B) Carbon monoxide: 1.2 percent.
(2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section
refer to the exhaust emitted over a driving schedule as set forth in
subpart B of this part and measured and calculated in accordance with
those procedures. The test weight basis for light-duty vehicles, for the
purposes of determining equivalent test weight as prescribed in
Sec. 86.129-94, shall be loaded vehicle weight.
(3) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section
refer to the exhaust emitted during the CST as set forth in subpart O of
this part and measured and calculated in accordance with those
provisions.
(b) The provisions of Sec. 86.090-8(b) through (h) of subpart A of
this part apply to this section. The provisions of Sec. 86.096-8(i)
through (k) of subpart A of this part apply to this section.
[56 FR 25781, June 5, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31922, July 17, 1992; 58
FR 33211, June 16, 1993; 58 FR 58424, Nov. 1, 1993; 59 FR 33913, July 1,
1994; 59 FR 48515, Sept. 21, 1994]