[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 23, Volume 1]
[Revised as of April 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 23CFR655.607]
[Page 245-249]
TITLE 23--HIGHWAYS
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PART 655_TRAFFIC OPERATIONS--Table of Contents
Subpart F_Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and
Highways
Sec. 655.607 Funding.
(a) Federal-aid highways. (1) Funds apportioned or allocated under
23 U.S.C. 104(b) are eligible to participate in projects to install
traffic control devices in accordance with the MUTCD on newly
constructed, reconstructed, resurfaced, restored, or rehabilitated
highways, or on existing highways when this work is classified as
construction in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 101(a). Federal-aid highway
funds for eligible pavement markings and traffic control signalization
may amount to 100 percent of the construction cost. Federal-aid highway
funds apportioned or allocated under other sections of 23 U.S.C. are
eligible for participation in improvements conforming to the MUTCD in
accordance with the provisions of applicable program regulations and
directives.
[[Page 246]]
(2) Traffic control devices are eligible, in keeping with paragraph
(a)(1) of this section, provided that the work is classified as
construction in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 101(a) and the State or local
agency has a policy acceptable to the FHWA Division Administrator for
selecting traffic control devices material or equipment based on items
such as cost, traffic volumes, safety, and expected service life. The
State's policy should provide for cost-effective selection of materials
which will provide for substantial service life taking into account
expected and necessary routine maintenance. For these purposes,
effectiveness would normally be measured in terms of durability, service
life and/or performance of the material. Specific projects including
material or equipment selection shall be developed in accordance with
this policy. Proposed work may be approved on a project-by-project basis
when the work is (i) clearly warranted, (ii) on a Federal-aid system,
(iii) clearly identified by site, (iv) substantial in nature, and (v) of
sufficient magnitude at any given location to warrant Federal-aid
participation as a construction item.
(3) The method of accomplishing the work will be in accordance with
23 CFR part 635, subpart A, Contract Procedures.
(b) Off-system highways. Certain Federal-aid highway funds are
eligible to participate in traffic control device improvement projects
on off-system highways. In addition, Federal-aid highway funds
apportioned or allocated in 23 U.S.C. are eligible for the installation
of traffic control devices on any public road not on the Federal-aid
system when the installation is directly related to a traffic
improvement project on a Federal-aid system route.
Appendix to Subpart F of Part 655--Alternate Method of Determining the
Color of Retroreflective Sign Materials and Pavement Marking Materials
1. Although the FHWA Color Tolerance Charts depreciate the use of
spectrophotometers or accurate tristimulus colorimeters for measuring
the daytime color of retroreflective materials, recent testing has
determined that 0/45 or 45/0 spectroradiometers and tristimulus
colorimeters have proved that the measurements can be considered
reliable and may be used.
2. The daytime color of non-fluorescent retroreflective materials
may be measured in accordance with ASTM Test Method E1349, ``Standard
Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using
Bidirectional Geometry'' or ASTM Test Method E 1347 (Replaces E97),
``Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by
Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry.'' The latter test method specified
bidirectional geometry for the measurement of retroreflective materials.
The geometric conditions to be used in both test methods are 0/45 or 45/
0 circumferential illumination or viewing. Uniplanar geometry is not
recommended for material types IV or higher (designated microprismatic).
The CIE standard illuminant used in computing the colorimetric
coordinates shall be D65 and the 2 Degree Standard CIE
observer shall be used.
3. For fluorescent retroreflective materials ASTM E991 may be used
to determine the chromaticity provided that the D65
illumination meets the requirements of E 991. This practice, however,
allows only the total luminous factor to be measured. The fluorescent
luminous factor must be determined using bispectral fluorescent
colorimetry. Commercial instruments are available which allow such
determination. Some testing laboratories are also equipped to perform
these measurements.
4. For nighttime measurements CIE Standard Illuminant A shall be
used in computing the colorimetric coordinates and the 2 Degree Standard
CIE Observer shall be used.
5. Average performance sheeting is identified as Types I and II
sheeting and high performance sheeting is identified as Type III. Super-
high intensity sheeting is identified as Types V, VI, and VII in ASTM D
4956.
6. The following nine tables depict the 1931 CIE Chromaticity
Diagram x and y coordinates for the corner points defining the
recommended color boxes in the diagram and the daytime luminance factors
for those colors. Lines drawn between these corner points specify the
limits of the chromaticity allowed in the 1931 Chromaticity Diagram.
Color coordinates of samples that lie within these lines are acceptable.
For blue and green colors the spectrum locus is the defining limit
between the corner points located on the spectrum locus:
[[Page 247]]
Table 1 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Material With
CIE 2[deg] Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chromaticity Coordinates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Color 1 2 3 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x y x y y x x y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White........................ 0.303 0.300 0.368 0.366 0.340 0.393 0.274 0.329
Red.......................... 0.648 0.351 0.735 0.265 0.629 0.281 0.565 0.346
Orange....................... 0.558 0.352 0.636 0.364 0.570 0.429 0.506 0.404
Brown........................ 0.430 0.340 0.430 0.390 0.518 0.434 0.570 0.382
Yellow....................... 0.498 0.412 0.557 0.442 0.479 0.520 0.438 0.472
Green........................ 0.026 0.399 0.166 0.364 0.286 0.446 0.207 0.771
Blue......................... 0.078 0.171 0.150 0.220 0.210 0.160 0.137 0.038
Light Blue................... 0.180 0.260 0.240 0.300 0.270 0.260 0.230 0.200
Purple....................... 0.300 0.064 0.320 0.200 0.550 0.300 0.600 0.202
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 1a to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for Retroreflective Material With CIE
2[deg] Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Daytime Luminance Factor (Y %) by ASTM Type
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Color Types I, II, III and VI Types IV, VII, and VIII Type V
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White....................... 27 ............ 40 ............ 15 ............
Red......................... 2.5 12 3.0 15 2.5 11
Orange...................... 14 30 12 30 7.0 25
Brown....................... 4.0 9.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 9.0
Yellow...................... 15 45 24 45 12 30
Green....................... 3.0 9.0 3.0 12 2.5 11
Blue........................ 1.0 10 1.0 10 1.0 10
Light Blue.................. 12 40 18 40 8.0 25
Purple...................... 2.0 10 2.0 10 2.0 10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nighttime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Material
With CIE 2[deg] Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33[deg], Entrance Angle of +5[deg] and CIE Standard
Illuminant A.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chromaticity Coordinates
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Color 1 2 3 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
x y x y x y x y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White............................. 0.475 0.452 0.360 0.415 0.392 0.370 0.515 0.409
Red............................... 0.650 0.348 0.620 0.348 0.712 0.2550 0.735 0.265
Orange............................ 0.595 0.405 0.565 0.405 0.613 0.355 0.643 0.355
Brown............................. 0.595 0.405 0.540 0.405 0.570 0.365 0.643 0.355
Yellow............................ 0.513 0.487 0.500 0.4700 0.545 0.425 0.572 0.425
Green............................. 0.007 0.570 0.200 0.500 0.322 0.590 0.193 0.782
Blue.............................. 0.033 0.370 0.180 0.370 0.230 0.240 0.091 0.133
----------
Light Blue........................ Chromaticity coordinates are yet to be determined.
----------
Purple............................ Chromaticity coordinates are yet to be determined.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Materials used as High-Conspicuity, Retroreflective Traffic Signage Materials shall meet the requirements
for Daytime Color Specification Limits, Daytime Luminance Factors and Nighttime Color Specification Limits for
Fluorescent Retroreflective Material, as described in Tables 3, 3a, and 4, throughout the service life of the
sign.
[[Page 248]]
Table 3 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective
Material with CIE 2[deg] Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chromaticity Coordinates
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Color 1 2 3 4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x y x y x y x y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorescent Orange.............. 0.583 0.416 0.535 0.400 0.595 0.351 0.645 0.355
Fluorescent Yellow.............. 0.479 0.520 0.446 0.483 0.512 0.421 0.557 0.442
Fluorescent Yellow-Green........ 0.387 0.610 0.369 .546 .428 .496 0.460 0.540
Fluorescent Green............... 0.210 0.770 0.232 0.656 0.320 0.590 0.320 0.675
Fluorescent Pink................ 0.450 0.270 0.590 0.350 0.644 0.290 0.536 0.230
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3a to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for Fluorescent Retroreflective
Material With CIE 2[deg] Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Luminance Factor Limits (Y)
Color --------------------------------
Min Max YF*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorescent Orange............................................................. 25 None 15
Fluorescent Yellow............................................................. 45 None 20
Fluorescent Yellow-Green....................................................... 60 None 20
Fluorescent Green.............................................................. 20 30 12
Fluorescent Pink............................................................... 25 None 15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Fluorescence luminance factors (YF) are typical values, and are provided for quality assurance purposes only.
YF shall not be used as a measure of performance during service.
Table 4 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nighttime Color Specification Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective
Material With CIE 2[deg] Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33[deg], Entrance Angle of +5[deg] and CIE
Standard Illuminant A.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chromaticity Coordinates
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Color 1 2 3 4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x y x y x y x y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fluorescent Orange.............. 0.625 0.375 0.589 0.376 0.636 0.330 0.669 0.331
Fluorescent Yellow.............. 0.554 0.445 0.526 0.437 0.569 0.394 0.610 0.390
Fluorescent Yellow-Green........ 0.480 0.520 0.473 0.490 0.523 0.440 0.550 0.449
Fluorescent Green............... 0.007 0.570 0.200 0.500 0.322 0.590 0.193 0.782
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Pavement
Marking Material With CIE 2[deg] Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chromaticity Coordinates
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Color 1 2 3 4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x y x y x y x y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White........................... 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375
Yellow.......................... 0.560 0.440 0.490 0.510 0.420 0.440 0.460 0.400
Red............................. 0.480 0.300 0.690 0.315 0.620 0.380 0.480 0.360
Blue............................ 0.105 0.100 0.220 0.180 0.200 0.260 0.060 0.220
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5a to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for
Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material With CIE 2[deg] Standard
Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Luminance Factor (Y%)
Color ---------------------------
Minimum Maximum
------------------------------------------------------------------------
White....................................... 35
Yellow...................................... 25
[[Page 249]]
Red......................................... 6 15
Blue........................................ 5 14
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 6 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nightime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Pavement
Marking Material With CIE 2[deg] Standard Observer, Observation Angle of 1.05[deg], Entrance Angle of
+88.76[deg] and CIE Standard Illuminant A.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chromaticity Coordinates
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Color 1 2 3 4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x y x y x y x y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White........................... 0.480 0.410 0.430 0.380 0.405 0.405 0.455 0.435
Yellow.......................... 0.575 0.425 0.508 0.415 0.473 0.453 0.510 0.490
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Luminance factors for retroreflective pavement marking materials are for materials as they are intended to
be used. For paint products, that means inclusion of glass beads and/or other retroreflective components.
[67 FR 49572, July 31, 2002, as amended at 67 FR 70163, Nov. 21, 2002;
68 FR 65582, 65583, Nov. 20, 2003]
Subpart G [Reserved]