[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 10, Volume 1]
[Revised as of January 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 10CFR36.51]

[Page 620-621]
 
                            TITLE 10--ENERGY
 
                CHAPTER I--NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
 
PART 36--LICENSES AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR IRRADIATORS
--Table of Contents
 
                   Subpart D--Operation of Irradiators
 
Sec. 36.51  Training.


    (a) Before an individual is permitted to operate an irradiator 
without a supervisor present, the individual must be instructed in:
    (1) The fundamentals of radiation protection applied to irradiators 
(including the differences between external radiation and radioactive 
contamination, units of radiation dose, NRC dose limits, why large 
radiation doses must be avoided, how shielding and access controls 
prevent large doses, how an irradiator is designed to prevent 
contamination, the proper use of survey meters and personnel dosimeters, 
other radiation safety features of an irradiator, and the basic function 
of the irradiator);
    (2) The requirements of parts 19 and 36 of NRC regulations that are 
relevant to the irradiator;
    (3) The operation of the irradiator;
    (4) Those operating and emergency procedures listed in Sec. 36.53 
that the individual is responsible for performing; and
    (5) Case histories of accidents or problems involving irradiators.
    (b) Before an individual is permitted to operate an irradiator 
without a supervisor present, the individual shall pass a written test 
on the instruction received consisting primarily of questions based on 
the licensee's operating and emergency procedures that the individual is 
responsible for performing and other operations necessary to safely 
operate the irradiator without supervision.
    (c) Before an individual is permitted to operate an irradiator 
without a supervisor present, the individual must have received on-the-
job training or simulator training in the use of the irradiator as 
described in the license application. The individual shall also 
demonstrate the ability to perform those portions of the operating and 
emergency procedures that he or she is to perform.
    (d) The licensee shall conduct safety reviews for irradiator 
operators at least annually. The licensee shall give each operator a 
brief written test on the information. Each safety review must include, 
to the extent appropriate, each of the following--
    (1) Changes in operating and emergency procedures since the last 
review, if any;
    (2) Changes in regulations and license conditions since the last 
review, if any;
    (3) Reports on recent accidents, mistakes, or problems that have 
occurred at irradiators, if any;
    (4) Relevant results of inspections of operator safety performance;
    (5) Relevant results of the facility's inspection and maintenance 
checks; and
    (6) A drill to practice an emergency or abnormal event procedure.
    (e) The licensee shall evaluate the safety performance of each 
irradiator operator at least annually to ensure that regulations, 
license conditions, and operating and emergency procedures are followed. 
The licensee shall discuss the results of the evaluation with the 
operator and shall instruct

[[Page 621]]

the operator on how to correct any mistakes or deficiencies observed.
    (f) Individuals who will be permitted unescorted access to the 
radiation room of the irradiator or the area around the pool of an 
underwater irradiator, but who have not received the training required 
for operators and the radiation safety officer, shall be instructed and 
tested in any precautions they should take to avoid radiation exposure, 
any procedures or parts of procedures listed in Sec. 36.53 that they 
are expected to perform or comply with, and their proper response to 
alarms required in this part. Tests may be oral.
    (g) Individuals who must be prepared to respond to alarms required 
by Sec. Sec. 36.23(b), 36.23(i), 36.27(a), 36.29(a), 36.29(b), and 
36.59(b) shall be trained and tested on how to respond. Each individual 
shall be retested at least once a year. Tests may be oral.