[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 30]
[Revised as of July 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR1048.101]
[Page 546-548]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 1048_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION
ENGINES--Table of Contents
Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements
Sec. 1048.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet?
Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section by model year.
You may choose to certify engines earlier than we require. The Tier 1
standards apply only to steady-state testing, as described in paragraph
(b) of this section. The Tier 2 standards apply to steady-state,
transient, and field testing, as described in paragraphs (a), (b), and
(c) of this section.
(a) Standards for transient testing. Starting in the 2007 model
year, Tier 2 exhaust emission standards apply for transient measurement
of emissions with the duty-cycle test procedures in subpart F of this
part:
(1) The Tier 2 HC+NOX standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the
Tier 2 CO standard is 4.4 g/kW-hr. For severe-duty engines, the Tier 2
HC+NOX standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the Tier 2 CO standard is
130.0 g/kW-hr. The standards in this paragraph (a) do not apply for
transient testing of high-load engines.
(2) You may optionally certify your engines according to the
following formula instead of the standards in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section: (HC+NOX) x CO \0.784\ <= 8.57. The HC+NOX
and CO emission levels you select to satisfy this formula, rounded to
the nearest 0.1 g/kW-hr, become the emission standards that apply for
those engines. You may not select an HC+NOX emission standard
higher than 2.7 g/kW-hr or a CO emission standard higher than 20.6 g/kW-
hr. The following table illustrates a range of possible values under
this paragraph (a)(2):
Table 1 of Sec. 1048.101--Examples of Possible Tier 2 Duty-cycle
Emission Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO (g/kW-
HC+NOX (g/kW-hr) hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.7........................................................ 4.4
2.2........................................................ 5.6
1.7........................................................ 7.9
1.3........................................................ 11.1
1.0........................................................ 15.5
0.8........................................................ 20.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Standards for steady-state testing. Except as we allow in
paragraph (d) of this section, the following exhaust emission standards
apply for steady-state measurement of emissions with the duty-cycle test
procedures in subpart F of this part:
(1) The following table shows the Tier 1 exhaust emission standards
that apply to engines from 2004 through 2006 model years:
Table 2 of Sec. 1048.101--Tier 1 Emission Standards (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General emission Alternate emission
standards standards for severe-
Testing -------------------------- duty engines
-------------------------
HC+NOX CO HC+NOX CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Certification and production-line testing................... 4.0 50.0 4.0 130.0
In-use testing.............................................. 5.4 50.0 5.4 130.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Starting in the 2007 model year, engines must meet the Tier 2
exhaust emission standards in paragraph (a) of this section for both
steady-state and transient testing. See paragraph (d) of this section
for alternate standards that apply for certain engines.
(c) Standards for field testing. Starting in 2007, the following
Tier 2 exhaust emission standards apply for emission measurements with
the field-testing procedures in subpart F of this part:
(1) The HC+NOX standard is 3.8 g/kW-hr and the CO
standard is 6.5 g/kW-hr. For severe-duty engines, the HC+NOX
[[Page 547]]
standard is 3.8 g/kW-hr and the CO standard is 200.0 g/kW-hr. For
natural gas-fueled engines, you are not required to measure nonmethane
hydrocarbon emissions or total hydrocarbon emissions for testing to show
that the engine meets the emission standards of this paragraph (c); that
is, you may assume HC emissions are equal to zero.
(2) You may apply the following formula to determine alternate
emission standards that apply to your engines instead of the standards
in paragraph (c)(1) of this section: (HC+NOX) x CO\0.791\ <=
16.78. HC+NOX emission levels may not exceed 3.8 g/kW-hr and
CO emission levels may not exceed 31.0 g/kW-hr. The following table
illustrates a range of possible values under this paragraph (c)(2):
Table 3 of Sec. 1048.101--Examples of Possible Tier 2 Field-testing
Emission Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO (g/kW-
HC+NOX (g/kW-hr) hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.8........................................................ 6.5
3.1........................................................ 8.5
2.4........................................................ 11.7
1.8........................................................ 16.8
1.4........................................................ 23.1
1.1........................................................ 31.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(d) Engine protection. For engines that require enrichment at high
loads to protect the engine, you may ask to meet alternate Tier 2
standards of 2.7 g/kW-hr for HC+NOX and 31.0 g/kW-hr for CO
instead of the emission standards described in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section for steady-state testing. If we approve your request, you must
still meet the transient testing standards in paragraph (a) of this
section and the field-testing standards in paragraph (c) of this
section. To qualify for this allowance, you must do all the following
things:
(1) Show that enrichment is necessary to protect the engine from
damage.
(2) Show that you limit enrichment to operating modes that require
additional cooling to protect the engine from damage.
(3) Show in your application for certification that enrichment will
rarely occur in use in the equipment in which your engines are
installed. For example, an engine that is expected to operate 5 percent
of the time in use with enrichment would clearly not qualify.
(4) Include in your installation instructions any steps necessary
for someone installing your engines to prevent enrichment during normal
operation (see Sec. 1048.130).
(e) Fuel types. Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section
for engines using each type of fuel specified in 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart C, for which they are designed to operate. You must meet the
numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on
the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the
following fuels:
(1) Gasoline- and LPG-fueled engines: THC emissions.
(2) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions.
(3) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.
(f) Small engines. Certain engines with total displacement at or
below 1000 cc may comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 90 instead
of complying with the requirements of this part, as described in Sec.
1048.615.
(g) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section over their full
useful life (Sec. 1048.240 describes how to use deterioration factors
to show this). The minimum useful life is 5,000 hours of operation or
seven years, whichever comes first.
(1) Specify a longer useful life in hours for an engine family under
either of two conditions:
(i) If you design, advertise, or market your engine to operate
longer than the minimum useful life (your recommended hours until
rebuild may indicate a longer design life).
(ii) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum
useful life.
(2) You may request a shorter useful life for an engine family if
you have documentation from in-use engines showing that these engines
will rarely operate longer than the alternate useful life. The useful
life value may not be shorter than any of the following:
(i) 1,000 hours of operation.
(ii) Your recommended overhaul interval.
[[Page 548]]
(iii) Your mechanical warranty for the engine.
(h) Applicability for testing. The standards in this subpart apply
to all testing, including production-line and in-use testing, as
described in subparts D and E of this part.