[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 22]
[Revised as of July 1, 2005]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR141.40]
[Page 417-431]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 141_NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS--Table of Contents
Subpart E_Special Regulations, Including Monitoring Regulations and
Prohibition on Lead Use
Sec. 141.40 Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants.
(a) Requirements for owners and operators of public water systems.
(1) Do I have to monitor for unregulated contaminants?
(i) Transient systems. If you own or operate a transient non-
community water system, you do not have to monitor for unregulated
contaminants.
(ii) Large systems not purchasing their entire water supply from
another system. If you own or operate a wholesale or retail public water
system (other than a transient system) that serves more than 10,000
persons, as determined by the State, and do not purchase your entire
water supply from another public water system, you must monitor as
follows:
(A) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 1 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
(B) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 2 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, if notified by your State or EPA that
you are part of the Screening Surveys.
(C) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 3 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, if notified by your State or EPA that
you are part of the Pre-Screen Testing.
(iii) Large systems purchasing their entire water supply from
another system. If you own or operate a public water system (other than
a transient system) that serves more than 10,000 persons and purchase
your entire water supply from a wholesale or retail public water system,
you must monitor as follows:
(A) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 1 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that have a ``sampling location''
indicated as ``distribution system''.
(B) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 2 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that have a ``sampling location''
indicated as ``distribution system'' if notified by your State or EPA
that you are part of the Screening Surveys.
(C) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 3 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that have a ``sampling location''
indicated as ``distribution system'' if notified by your State or EPA
that you are part of the Pre-Screen Testing.
(iv) Small systems not purchasing their entire water supply from
another system. If you own or operate a public water system (other than
a transient system) that serves 10,000 or fewer persons and do not
purchase your entire water supply from another public water system, you
must monitor as follows:
(A) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 1 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, if you are notified by your State or
EPA that you are part of the State Monitoring Plan for small systems.
(B) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 2 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, if you are notified by your State or
EPA that you are part of the Screening Surveys.
(C) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 3 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, if you are notified by your State or
EPA that you are part of the Pre-Screen Testing.
[[Page 418]]
(v) Small systems purchasing their entire water supply from another
system. If you own or operate a public water system (other than a
transient system) that serves 10,000 or fewer persons and purchase your
entire water supply from another public water system, you must monitor
as follows:
(A) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 1 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that have a ``sampling location''
indicated as ``distribution system'' if you are notified by your State
or EPA that you are part of the State Monitoring Plan for small systems.
(B) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 2 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that have a ``sampling location''
indicated as ``distribution system'' if you are notified by your State
or EPA that you are part of the Screening Surveys.
(C) You must monitor for the unregulated contaminants on List 3 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, that have a ``sampling location''
indicated as ``distribution system'' if you are notified by your State
or EPA that you are part of the Pre-Screen Testing.
(2) How would I be selected for the monitoring under the State
Monitoring Plan, the Screening Surveys, or the Pre-Screen Testing? (i)
State Monitoring Plan. Only a representative sample of small systems
must monitor for unregulated contaminants. EPA will select a national
representative sample of small public water systems in each State
through the use of a random number generator. Selection will be weighted
by population served within each system water source type (surface or
ground water) and system size category (systems serving 25-500, 501-
3,300, and 3,301-10,000 persons). EPA may allocate additional systems to
water source types or system size categories to increase the statistical
inferential ability for those categories. EPA will also select a small
group of systems to be ``Index systems.'' Systems selected as Index
systems are required to provide information about their site and
operation that will serve to allow extrapolation of their results to
other systems of similar size, rather than collecting detailed
information at every small system. Each State will have the opportunity
to make some modifications to the list of small systems that EPA
selects. You will be notified by the State or EPA if your system is part
of the final State Monitoring Plan.
(ii) Screening Surveys. The purpose of the Screening Surveys is to
determine the occurrence of contaminants in drinking water or sources of
drinking water for which analytical methods have recently been developed
for unregulated contaminant monitoring. EPA will select up to 300
systems to participate in each survey by using a random number
generator. You will be notified by the State or EPA if your system is
selected for monitoring under the Screening Surveys.
(iii) Pre-screen Testing. The purpose of Pre-Screen Testing is to
determine the occurrence of contaminants for which EPA needs to evaluate
new analytical methods in locations where the contaminants are most
likely to be found. EPA will select up to 200 systems to participate in
this testing after considering the characteristics of the contaminants,
precipitation, system operation, and environmental conditions. You will
be notified by the State or EPA that your system has been selected for
monitoring under the Pre-Screen Testing program.
(3) For which contaminants must I monitor? Lists 1, 2 and 3 of
unregulated contaminants are listed in the following table:
[[Page 419]]
Table 1--Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List 1--Assessment Monitoring Chemical Contaminants
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6-Period
during
2-CAS registry 3-Analytical 4-Minimum 5-Sampling which
1-Contaminant number methods reporting location monitoring
level to be
completed
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2, 4-dinitrotoluene.................... 121-14-2 EPA Method 525.2 2 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a L e
2, 6 dinitrotoluene.................... 606-20-2 EPA Method 525.2 2 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a L e
Acetochlor............................. 34256-82-1 EPA Method 525.2 2 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a L o
DCPA mono-acid degradate h............. 887-54-7 EPA Method 515.1 1 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a, EPA Method L e
515.2 a, EPA
Method 515.3 i,
j, EPA Method
515.4 k, D5317-
93 b, AOAC
992.32 c
DCPA di-acid degradate h............... 2136-79-0 EPA Method 515.1 1 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a, EPA Method L e
515.2 a, EPA
Method 515.3 i,
j, EPA Method
515.4 k, D5317-
93 b, AOAC
992.32 c
4,4'-DDE............................... 72-55-9 EPA Method 508 0.8 EPTDS f 2001-2003
a, EPA Method [micro]g/L
508.1 a, EPA e
Method 525.2 a,
D5812-96 b, AOAC
990.06 c
EPTC................................... 759-94-4 EPA Method 507 1 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a, EPA Method L e
525.2 a, D5475-
93 b, AOAC
991.07 c
Molinate............................... 2212-67-1 EPA Method 507 0.9 EPTDS f 2001-2003
a, EPA Method [micro]g/L
525.2 a, D5475- e
93 b, AOAC
991.07 c
MTBE................................... 1634-04-4 EPA Method 502.2 5 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a,n, SM 6200C L g
d,n, EPA Method
524.2 a, D5790-
95 b, SM 6210D
d, SM 6200B d
Nitrobenzene........................... 98-95-3 EPA Method 524.2 10 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a, D5790-95 b, L g
SM6210D d,
SM6200B d
Perchlorate............................ 14797-73-0 EPA Method 314.0 4 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
l L m
Terbacil............................... 5902-51-2 EPA Method 507 2 [micro]g/ EPTDS f 2001-2003
a, EPA Method L e
525.2 a, D5475-
93 b, AOAC
991.07 c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column headings are:
\1\--Chemical or microbiological contaminant: the name of the contaminants to be analyzed.
\2\--CAS (Chemical Abstract Service Number) Registry No. or Identification Number: a unique number identifying
the chemical contaminants.
\3\--Analytical Methods: method numbers identifying the methods that must be used to test the contaminants.
\4\--Minimum Reporting Level: the value and unit of measure at or above which the concentration or density of
the contaminant must be measured using the Approved Analytical Methods.
\5\--Sampling Location: the locations within a PWS at which samples must be collected.
[[Page 420]]
\6\--Years During Which Monitoring to be Completed: The years during which the sampling and testing are to occur
for the indicated contaminant.
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the documents listed next in these footnotes. The incorporation
by reference of the following documents listed in footnotes b-d, i, k and l was approved by the Director of
the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the documents may be
obtained from the following sources. Information regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the
Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-260-3027); or at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go
to: http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--locations.html.
a The version of the EPA methods which you must follow for this Rule are listed at Sec. 141.24 (e).
b Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1996, 1998 and 1999, Vol. 11.02, American Society for Testing and Materials.
Method D5812-96, ``Standard Test Method for Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water by Capillary
Column Gas Chromatography'', is located in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1998 and 1999, Vol. 11.02.
Methods D5790-95, ``Standard Test Method for Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary
Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry''; D5475-93, ``Standard Test Method for Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-
Containing Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector''; and D5317-93,
``Standard Test Method for Determination of Chlorinated Organic Acid Compounds in Water by Gas Chromatography
with an Electron Capture Detector'' are located in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1996 and 1998, Vol
11.02. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428.
c Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemist) International, Sixteenth
Edition, 4th Revision, 1998, Volume I, AOAC International, First Union National Bank Lockbox, PO Box 75198,
Baltimore, MD 21275-5198. 800-379-2622.
d SM 6210 D is only found in the 18th and 19th editions of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 1992 and 1995, American Public Health Association; either edition may be used. SM 6200 B and 6200
C are only found in the 20th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1998.
Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW, Washington, DC
20005.
e Minimum Reporting Level determined by multiplying by 10 the least sensitive method's detection limit
(detection limit =standard deviation times the Student's t value for 99% confidence level with n-1 degrees of
freedom), or when available, multiplying by 5 the least sensitive method's estimated detection limit (where
the estimated detection limit equals the concentration of compound yielding approximately a 5 to 1 signal to
noise ratio or the calculated detection limit, whichever is greater).
f Entry Points to the Distribution System (EPTDS), after treatment, representing each non-emergency water source
in use over the twelve-month period of monitoring: this only includes entry points for sources in operation
during the months in which sampling is to occur. Sampling must occur at the EPTDS, unless the State has
specified other sampling points that are used for compliance monitoring under 40 CFR 141.24 (f)(1), (2), and
(3). See 40 CFR 141.40(a)(5)(ii)(C) for a complete explanation of requirements, including the use of source
(raw) water sampling points.
g Minimum Reporting Levels (MRL) for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) determined by multiplying either the
published detection limit or 0.5 [micro]g/L times 10, whichever is greater. The detection limit of 0.5
[micro]g/L (0.0005 mg/L) was selected to conform to VOC detection limit requirements of 40 CFR
141.24(f)(17)(E).
h The approved methods do not allow for the identification and quantitation of the individual acids. The single
analytical result obtained should be reported as total DCPA mono- and di-acid degradates.
i EPA Method 515.3, ``Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction,
Derivatization and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection,'' Revision 1.0 July 1996. EPA 815-R-00-
014, ``Methods for the Determination of Organic and Inorganic compounds in Drinking Water, Volume 1,'' August
2000. Available from the National Technical Information Service, NTIS PB2000-106981, U.S. Department of
Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll free number is 800-553-6847.
Alternatively, the method can be assessed and downloaded directly on-line at www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/
sourcalt.html.
J Since EPA Method 515.3 does not include a solvent wash step following hydrolysis, the parent DCPA is not
removed prior to analysis, therefore, only non-detect data may be reported using EPA Method 515.3. All samples
with results above the MRL must be analyzed by one of the other approved methods.
k EPA Method 515.4, ``Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Microextraction,
Derivatization and Fast Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection,'' Revision 1.0, April 2000, EPA
815/B-00/001. Available by requesting a copy from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline within the
United States at 800-426-4791 (Hours are Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays, from 9 a.m. to
5:30 p.m. Eastern Time). Alternatively, the method can be assessed and downloaded directly on-line at
www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/sourcalt.html.
l EPA Method 314.0, ``Determination of Perchlorate in Drinking Water Using Ion Chromatography,'' Revision 1.0,
EPA 815-B-99-003, November 1999. EPA 815-R-00-014, ``Methods for the Determination of Organic and Inorganic
Compounds in Drinking Water, Volume 1,'' August 2000. Available from the National Technical Information
Service, NTIS PB2000-106981, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
The toll free number is 800-553-6847. Alternatively, the method can be assessed and downloaded directly on-
line at www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/sourcalt.html.
m MRL was established at a concentration, which is at least \1/4\th the lowest known adverse health
concentration, at which acceptable precision and accuracy has been demonstrated in spiked matrix samples.
n Sample preservation techniques and holding times specified in EPA Method 524.2 must be used by laboratories
using either EPA Method 502.2 or Standard Methods 6200C.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List 2--Screening Survey Chemical Contaminants
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6-Period during which
1-Contaminant 2-CAS registry number 3-Analytical methods 4-Minimum reporting 5-Sampling location monitoring to be
level completed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,2-diphenylhydrazine.............. 122-66-7.............. EPA Method 526 a...... 0.5 [micro]g/L....... EPTDS e.............. 2001--Selected
Systems serving
<=10,000 persons;
2002--Selected
systems serving 10,000
persons.
2-methyl-phenol.................... 95-48-7............... EPA Method 528 b...... 1 [micro]g/L f....... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
2,4-dichlorophenol................. 120-83-2.............. EPA Method 528 b...... 1 [micro]g/L f....... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
2,4-dinitrophenol.................. 51-28-5............... EPA Method 528 b...... 5 [micro]g/L f....... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
2,4,6-trichlorophenol.............. 88-06-2............... EPA Method 528 b...... 1 [micro]g/L f....... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
Alachlor ESA....................... Reserved d............ Reserved d............ Reserved d........... Reserved d........... Reserved d
[[Page 421]]
Diazinon........................... 333-41-5.............. EPA Method 526 a...... 0.5 [micro]g/L f..... EPTDS e.............. 2001--Selected
Systems serving
<=10,000 persons;
2002--Selected
systems serving 10,000
persons.
Disulfoton......................... 298-04-4.............. EPA Method 526 a...... 0.5 [micro]g/L f..... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
Diuron............................. 330-54-1.............. EPA Method 532 c...... 1 [micro]g/L f....... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
Fonofos............................ 944-22-9.............. EPA Method 526 a...... 0.5 [micro]g/L f..... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
Linuron............................ 330-55-2.............. EPA Method 532 c...... 1 [micro]g/L f....... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
Nitrobenzene....................... 98-95-3............... EPA Method 526 a...... 0.5 [micro]g/L f..... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
Prometon........................... 1610-18-0............. EPA Method 526 a...... 0.5 [micro]g/L f..... EPTDS e.............. Same as above.
RDX................................ 121-82-4.............. Reserved d............ Reserved d........... Reserved d........... Reserved d.
Terbufos........................... 13071-79-9............ EPA Method 526 a...... 0.5 [micro]g/L f..... EPTDS e.............. 2001--Selected
Systemsserving
<=10,000 persons;
2002-Selected systems
serving
10,000 persons.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List 2--Screening Survey Microbiological Contaminants To Be Sampled
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6-Period during which
1-Contaminant 2-Identification 3-Analytical methods 4-Minimum reporting 5-Sampling location monitoring to be
number level completed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aeromonas.......................... NA.................... EPA Method 1605 h..... 0.2--CFU/100mL f..... Distribution Systemg. 2003
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column headings are:
1 --Chemical or microbiological contaminant: the name of the contaminants to be analyzed.
2 --CAS (Chemical Abstract Service Number) Registry No. or Identification Number: a unique number identifying the chemical contaminants.
3 --Analytical Methods: method numbers identifying the methods that must be used to test the contaminants.
4 --Minimum Reporting Level: the value and unit of measure at or above which the concentration or density of the contaminant must be measured using the
Approved Analytical Methods.
5 --Sampling Location: the locations within a PWS at which samples must be collected.
6 --Years During Which Monitoring to be Completed: the years during which the sampling and testing are to occur for the indicated contaminant.
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the documents listed next in these footnotes. The incorporation by reference of the following documents
listed in footnotes a-c, was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the
documents may be obtained from the following sources. Information regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water
Hotline at 800-426-4791. Copies of the documents may be obtained from the sources listed in these footnotes. Information regarding obtaining these
documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-260-3027); or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--
locations.html.
\a\ EPA Method 526, ``Determination of Selected Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS),'' Revision 1.0, June 2000. EPA 815-R-00-014, ``Methods for the Determination of Organic and Inorganic
Compounds in Drinking Water, Volume 1,'' August 2000. Available from the National Technical Information Service, NTIS PB2000-106981, U.S. Department
of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll free number is 800-553-6847. Alternatively, the method can be assessed and
downloaded directly on-line at www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/sourcalt.html.
\b\ EPA Method 528, ``Determination of Phenols in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/
MS),'' Revision 1.0, April 2000. EPA 815-R-00-014, ``Methods for the Determination of Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Drinking Water, Volume 1,''
August 2000. Available from the National Technical Information Service, NTIS PB2000-106981, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll free number is 800-553-6847. Alternatively, the method can be assessed and downloaded directly on-line at
www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/ordmeth.htm.
\c\ EPA Method 532, ``Determination of Phenylurea Compounds in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with
UV Detection,'' Revision 1.0, June 2000. EPA 815-R-00-014, ``Methods for the Determination of Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Drinking Water,
Volume 1,'' August 2000. Available from the National Technical Information Service, NTIS PB2000-106981, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal
Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll free number is 800-553-6847. Alternatively, the method can be assessed and downloaded directly on-line at
www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/sourcalt.html.
\d\ To be specified at a later time.
\e\ Entry Points to the Distribution System (EPTDS), after treatment, representing each non-emergency water source in use over the twelve-month period
of monitoring: this only includes entry points for sources in operation during the months in which sampling is to occur. Sampling must occur at the
EPTDS, source water sampling points are not permitted for List 2 contaminant monitoring.
[[Page 422]]
\f\ Minimum Reporting Level represents the value of the lowest concentration precision and accuracy determination made during methods development and
documented in the method. If method options are permitted, the concentration used was for the least sensitive option.
\g\ Three samples must be taken from the distribution system, which is owned or controlled by the selected PWS. The sample locations must include one
sample from a point (MD from Sec. 141.35(d)(3), Table 1) where the disinfectant residual is representative of the distribution system. This sample
location may be selected from sample locations which have been previously identified for samples to be analyzed for coliform indicator bacteria.
Coliform sample locations encompass a variety of sites including midpoint samples which may contain a disinfectant residual that is typical of the
system. Coliform sample locations are described in 40 CFR 141.21. This same approach must be used for the Aeromonas midpoint sample where the
disinfectant residual would not have declined and would be typical for the distribution system. Additionally, two samples must be taken from two
different locations: the distal or dead-end location in the distribution system (MR from Sec. 141.35(d)(3), Table 1), avoiding disinfectant booster
stations, and from a location where previous determinations have indicated the lowest disinfectant residual in the distribution system (LD from Sec.
141.35(d)(3), Table 1). If these two locations of distal and low disinfectant residual sites coincide, then the second sample must be taken at a
location between the MD and MR sites. Locations in the distribution system where the disinfectant residual is expected to be low are similar to TTHM
sampling points. Sampling locations for TTHMs are described in 63 FR 69468.
\h\ EPA Method 1605 ``Aeromonas in Finished Water by Membrane Filtration using Ampicillin-Dextrin Agar with Vancomycin (ADA-V)'', October 2001, EPA
821-R-01-034. The method can be accessed and downloaded directly on-line at www.epa.gov/microbes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List 3--Pre-screen Testing Radionuclides To Be Sampled After Notice of Analytical Methods Availability
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6-Period during which
1-Contaminant 2-CAS registry number 3-Analytical methods 4-Minimum reporting 5-Sampling location monitoring to be
level completed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lead-210........................... 14255-04-0............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
Polonium-210....................... 13981-52-7............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List 3--Pre-screen Testing Microorganisms To Be Sampled After Notice of Analytical Methods Availability
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6-Period during which
1-Contaminant 2-Identification 3-Analytical methods 4-Minimum reporting 5-Sampling location monitoring to be
number level completed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae, Reserved a............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
other freshwater algae and their
toxins).
Echoviruses........................ Reserved a............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
Coxsackieviruses................... Reserved a............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
Helicobacter pylori................ Reserved a............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
Microsporidia...................... Reserved a............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
Calciviruses....................... Reserved a............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
Adenoviruses....................... Reserved a............ Reserved a............ Reserved a........... Reserved a........... Reserved.a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column headings are:
1-Chemical or microbiological contaminant: the name of the contaminants to be analyzed.
2-CAS (Chemical Abstract Service Number) Registry No. or Identification Number: a unique number identifying the chemical contaminants.
3-Analytical Methods: method numbers identifying the methods that must be used to test the contaminants.
4-Minimum Reporting Level: the value and unit of measure at or above which the concentration or density of the contaminant must be measured using the
Approved Analytical Methods.
5-Sampling Location: the locations within a PWS at which samples must be collected.
6-Years During Which Monitoring to be Completed: the years during which the sampling and testing are to occur for the indicated contaminant.
a To be determined at a later time.
(4) What general requirements must I follow for monitoring List 1
contaminants? (i) All systems. You must:
(A) Collect samples of the listed contaminants in accordance with
paragraph (a)(5) of this section and Appendix A of this section and any
other specific instructions provided to you by the State or EPA,
(B) Analyze the additional parameters specified below in Table 2.
``Water Quality Parameters to be Monitored with UCMR Contaminants'' for
each relevant contaminant type. You must analyze the parameters for each
sampling event of each sampling point, using the method indicated, and
report using the data elements 1 through 10 in Table 1, Sec. 141.35(d),
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Reporting Requirements;
(C) Review the laboratory testing results to ensure reliability; and
(D) Report the results as specified in Sec. 141.35.
[[Page 423]]
Table 2--Water Quality Parameters To Be Monitored with UCMR Contaminants
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analytical methods
-----------------------------------------------------------
Parameter Contaminant type Standard methods
EPA method \1\ Other
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pH.............................. Microbiological... EPA Method 4500-H+ B......... ASTM D1293-84\3\,
150.1\2\, EPA ASTM D1293-95\3\.
Method 150.2\2\.
Turbidity....................... Microbiological... EPA Method 180.1 2130 B \4\........ GLI Method 24,6.
4,5.
Temperature..................... Microbiological... .................. 2550..............
Free Disinfectant Residual...... Microbiological... .................. 4500-Cl D, 4500-Cl ASTM 1253-86\3\
F, 4500-Cl G,
4500-Cl H, 4500-
ClO2 D, 4500-ClO2
E, 4500-O3 B.
Total Disinfectant Residual..... Microbiological... .................. 4500-Cl D, 4500-Cl ASTM D 1253-86 \3\
E,\4\ 4500-Cl F,
4500-Cl G\4\,
4500-Cl I.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the documents listed in these footnotes. The incorporation by
reference of the following documents was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the documents may be obtained from the sources listed in these
footnotes. Information regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water
Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW.,
Washington, DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-260-3027); or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://
www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--regulations/ibr--locations.html.
\1\ The 18th and 19th Editions of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992 and 1995.
Methods 2130 B; 2550; 4500-Cl D, E, F, G, H, I; 4500-ClO2 D, E; 4500-H+ B; and 4500-O3 B in the 20th edition
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1998, American Public Health Association, 1015
Fifteenth St. NW, Washington D.C., 20005.
\2\ EPA Methods 150.1 and 150.2 are available from US EPA, NERL, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio
45268. The identical methods are also in ``Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,'' EPA-600/4-79-
020, March 1983, available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of
Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, Virginia 22161, PB84-128677. (Note: NTIS toll-free number is 800-
553-6847.)
\3\ Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Editions 1994, 1996, 1998 and 1999, Volumes 11.01, American Society for
Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Version D1293-84, ``Standard Test
Methods for pH of Water'' is located in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, Volumes 11.01. Version D1293-
95, ``Standard Test Methods for pH of Water'' is located in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1996, 1998 and
1999, Volumes 11.01.
\4\ ``Technical Notes on Drinking Water,'' EPA-600/R-94-173, October 1994, Available at NTIS, PB95-104766.
\5\ ``Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples,'' EPA-600/R-93-100, August
1993. Available at NTIS, PB94-121811
\6\ GLI Method 2, ``Turbidity,'' November 2, 1992, Great Lakes Instruments Inc., 8855 North 55th St., Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53223.
(ii) Large systems. In addition to paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this
section, you must arrange for testing of the samples according to the
methods specified for each contaminant in Table 1, Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3) of
this section, and in Appendix A of this section.
(iii) Small systems. Unless directed otherwise by the State or EPA,
in addition to paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section , you must:
(A) Properly receive, store, maintain and use the sampling equipment
sent to you from the laboratory designated by EPA;
(B) Sample at the times specified by the State or the EPA;
(C) Collect and pack samples in accordance with the instructions
sent to you by the laboratory designated by EPA; and
(D) Send the samples to the laboratory designated by EPA.
(5) What specific sampling and quality control requirements must I
follow for monitoring of List 1 contaminants? (i) All systems. Unless
the State or EPA informs you of other sampling arrangements, you must
comply with the following requirements:
(A) Sample collection and shipping time. If you must ship the
samples for testing, you must collect the samples early enough in the
day to allow adequate time to send the samples for overnight delivery to
the laboratory since some samples must be processed at the laboratory
within 30 hours of collection. You must not collect samples on Friday,
Saturday or Sunday because sampling on these days would not allow
samples to be shipped and received at the laboratory within 30 hours.
(B) No compositing of samples. You must not composite (that is,
combine, mix or blend) the samples. You must collect, preserve and test
each sample separately.
[[Page 424]]
(C) Review and reporting of results. After you have received the
laboratory results, you must review and confirm the system information
and data regarding sample collection and test results. You must report
the results as provided in Sec. 141.35.
(ii) Large systems. In addition to paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this
section, you must comply with the following:
(A) Timeframe. You must collect the samples in one twelve-month
period during the years indicated in column 6 of Table 1, Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List.
(B) Frequency. You must collect the samples within the timeframe and
according to the following frequency specified by contaminant type and
water source type:
Table 3--Monitoring Frequency by Contaminant and Water Source Types
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contaminant type Water source type Timeframe Frequency
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical........................... Surface water......... Twelve (12) months.... Four quarterly samples
taken as follows: Select
either the first, second,
or third month of a
quarter and sample in that
same month of each of four
(4) consecutive quarters a
to ensure that one of
those sampling events
occurs during the
vulnerable time.b
Ground water.......... Twelve (12) months.... Two (2) times in a year
taken as follows: Sample
during one (1) month of
the vulnerable time b and
during one (1) month five
(5) to seven (7) months
earlier or later.c
Microbiological.................... Surface and ground Twelve (12) months.... Six (6) times in a year
water. taken as follows: Select
either the first, second,
or third month of a
quarter and sample in that
same month of each of four
(4) consecutive quarters,
and sample an additional 2
months during the warmest
(vulnerable) quarter of
the year.d
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a ``Select either the first, second, or third month of a quarter and sample in that same month of each of four
(4) consecutive quarters'' means that you must monitor during each of the four (4) months of either: January,
April, July, October; or February, May, August, November; or March, June, September, December.
b ``Vulnerable time'' means May 1 through July 31, unless the State or EPA informs you that it has selected a
different time period for sampling as your system's vulnerable time.
c ``Sample during one (1) month of the vulnerable time and during one (1) month five (5) to seven (7) months
earlier or later'' means, for example, that if you select May as your ``vulnerable time'' month to sample,
then one (1) month five (5) to seven (7) months earlier would be either October, November or December of the
preceding year, and one (1) month five (5) to seven (7) months later would be either, October, November, or
December of the same year.
d This means that you must monitor during each of the six (6) months of either: January, April, July, August,
September, October; or February, May, July, August, September, November; or March, June, July, August,
September, December; unless the State or EPA informs you that a different vulnerable quarter has been selected
for your system.
(C) Location. You must collect samples at the location specified for
each listed contaminant in column 5 of the Table 1, UCMR (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section. The sampling location for chemical
contaminants must be the entry point to the distribution system or the
compliance monitoring point specified by the State or EPA under 40 CFR
141.24 (f)(1), (2), and (3). Except as provided in this paragraph
(a)(5)(ii)(C), if the compliance monitoring point as specified by the
State is for source (raw) water and any of the contaminants in paragraph
(a)(3) of this section are detected, then you must complete the source
water monitoring for the indicated timeframe and also sample at the
entry point to the distribution system representative of the affected
source water only for the contaminant(s) found in the source water over
the next twelve month timeframe, beginning in the next required
monitoring period as indicated in paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(B), Table 3 of
this section, even though monitoring might extend beyond the last year
indicated in column 6, Period during which monitoring to be completed,
in Table 1 of paragraph (a)(3). Exception: If the State or EPA
determines that sampling at the entry point to the distribution system
is unnecessary because no treatment was instituted between the source
water and the distribution system that would affect measurement of the
contaminants listed in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, then you do not
have to sample at the entry point to the distribution system. Note: The
sampling for List 2 chemical contaminants must be at the entry point to
the
[[Page 425]]
distribution system, as specified in Table 1, List 2.
(D) Sampling instructions. You must follow the sampling procedure
for the method specified in column 3 of List 1 of Table 1, Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3) of
this section, for each contaminant.
(E) Testing and analytical methods. For each listed contaminant, you
must use the analytical method specified in column 3 of List 1 of Table
1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the minimum reporting levels in column
4 of List 1 of Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation
(1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, and the quality
control procedures specified in Appendix A of this section.
(F) Sampling deviations. If you do not collect a sample according to
the procedures specified for a listed contaminant, you must resample
within 14 days of observing the occurrence of the error (which may
include notification from the laboratory that you must resample)
following the procedures specified for the method. (This resampling is
not for confirmation sampling but to correct the sampling error.)
(G) Testing. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(G)(2)
and (3) of this section, you must arrange for the testing of the
contaminants identified in List 1 of Table 1 by a laboratory certified
under Sec. 141.28 for compliance analysis using any of the analytical
methods listed in column 3 for each contaminant in List 1 of Table 1,
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in paragraph
(a)(3) of this section, whether you use the EPA analytical methods or
non-EPA methods listed in List 1 of Table 1. Laboratories are
automatically certified for the analysis of UCMR contaminants in List 1
of Table 1 if they are already certified to conduct compliance
monitoring for a contaminant included in the same method being approved
for UCMR analysis. Laboratories certified under Sec. 141.28 for
compliance analysis using EPA Method 515.3 are automatically approved to
conduct UCMR analysis using EPA Method 515.4.
(2) You must arrange for the testing of Perchlorate as identified in
List 1 of Table 1 by a laboratory certified under Sec. 141.28 for
compliance analysis using an approved ion chromatographic method as
listed in Sec. 141.28 and that has analyzed and successfully passed the
Performance Testing (PT) Program administered by EPA.
(3) You must arrange for the testing of the chemical contaminants
identified in List 2 of Table 1 by a laboratory certified under Sec.
141.28 for compliance analysis using EPA Method 525.2 if performing UCMR
analysis using EPA Methods 526 or 528, or a laboratory certified under
Sec. 141.28 for compliance analysis using EPA Methods 549.1 or 549.2 if
performing UCMR analysis using EPA Method 532. You must arrange for the
testing for Aeromonas using the approved method as identified in List 2
of Table 1 by a laboratory which is both certified under Sec. 141.28
for compliance analysis for coliform indicator bacteria using an EPA
approved membrane filtration procedure and which also has been granted
approval for UCMR monitoring of Aeromonas by successfully passing the
Aeromonas Performance Testing (PT) Program administered by EPA.
(iii) Small systems that are part of the State Monitoring Plan.
Unless directed otherwise by the State or EPA, in addition to paragraph
(a)(5)(i) of this section, you must comply with the following:
(A) Timeframe and frequency. You must collect samples at the times
specified for you by the State or EPA, within the timeframe specified in
paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(A) of this section and according to the frequency
specified in paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(B) of this section for the contaminant
type and water source type.
(B) Location. You must collect samples at the locations specified
for you by the State or EPA.
(C) Sampling deviations. If you do not collect a sample according to
the instructions provided to you for a listed contaminant, then you must
report the deviation on the sample reporting form that you send to the
laboratory with the samples. You must resample following instructions
that you will be
[[Page 426]]
sent from EPA's designated laboratory or the State.
(D) Sample kits. You must store and maintain the sample collection
kits sent to you by EPA's designated laboratory in a secure place until
used for sampling. You should read the instructions for each kit when
you receive it. If indicated in the kit's instructions, you must freeze
the cold packs. The sample kit will include all necessary containers,
packing materials and cold packs, instructions for collecting the sample
and sample treatment (such as dechlorination or preservation), report
forms for each sample, contact name and telephone number for the
laboratory, and a prepaid return shipping docket and return address
label. If any of the materials listed in the kit's instructions are not
included or arrive damaged, you must notify EPA's designated laboratory
which sent you the sample collection kits.
(E) Sampling instructions. You must comply with the instructions
sent to you by the State or EPA concerning the use of containers,
collection (how to fill the sample bottle), dechlorination and/or
preservation, and sealing and preparing the sample and shipping
containers for shipment. You must also comply with the instructions sent
to you by EPA's designated laboratory concerning the handling of sample
containers for specific contaminants.
(F) Duplicate samples. EPA will select systems in the State
Monitoring Plan that must collect duplicate samples for quality control.
If your system is selected, you will receive two sample kits that you
must use. You must use the same sampling protocols for both sets of
samples, following the instructions in the duplicate sample kit.
(G) Sampling forms. You must completely fill out the sampling forms
sent to you by the laboratory, including the data elements 1 through 4
listed in Sec. 141.35(d) for each sample. If EPA requests that you
conduct field analysis of water quality parameters specified in
paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B) of this section, you must also complete the
sampling form to include the information for data elements 5 through 10
listed in Sec. 141.35(d) for each sample. You must sign and date the
sampling forms.
(H) Sample submission. Once you have collected the samples and
completely filled in the sampling forms, you must send the samples and
the sampling forms to the laboratory designated in your instructions.
(6) What additional requirements must I follow if my system is
selected as an Index system? If your system is selected as an Index
system in the State Monitoring Plan, you must assist the State or EPA in
identifying appropriate sampling locations and provide information on
which wells and intakes are in use at the time of sampling, well casing
and screen depths (if known) for those wells, and the pumping rate of
each well or intake at the time of sampling.
(7) What must I do if my system is selected for the Screening
Surveys or Pre-Screen Testing? (i) All systems. You must:
(A) Analyze the additional parameters specified in paragraph Sec.
141.40(a)(4)(i), Table 2, ``Water Quality Parameters to be Monitored
with UCMR Contaminants'' for each relevant contaminant type. You must
analyze the parameters for each sampling event of each sampling point,
using the method indicated, and report the results using the data
elements 1 through 10 in Table 1, Sec. 141.35(d), Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Reporting requirements;
(B) Review the laboratory results to ensure reliability; and
(C) Report the results as specified in Sec. 141.35.
(ii) Large systems. If your system serves over 10,000 persons, you
must collect and arrange for testing of the contaminants in List 2 and
List 3 of Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999)
List, in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, in accordance with the
requirements set out in paragraphs (a)(4) and (5) of this section, with
one exception: you must sample only at sampling locations specified in
Table 1. You must send the samples to one of the laboratories approved
under paragraph (G), this section. You are also responsible for
reporting these results as required in Sec. 141.35.
(iii) Small systems. If your system serves 10,000 or fewer persons,
you must collect samples in accordance with the
[[Page 427]]
instructions sent to you by the EPA or State, or, if informed by the EPA
or State that the EPA or State will collect the sample, you must assist
the State or EPA in identifying the appropriate sampling locations and
in taking the samples. EPA will report the results to you and the State.
(8) What is a violation of this Rule? (i) Any failure to monitor in
accordance with Sec. 141.40(a)(3) through (7) and Appendix A is a
monitoring violation. (ii) Any failure to report in accordance with
Sec. 141.35 is a reporting violation.
(b) Requirements for State and Tribal Participation. (1) How can I,
as the director of a State or Tribal drinking water program, participate
in unregulated contaminant monitoring, including Assessment Monitoring
(which includes the State Monitoring Plan for small systems), the
Screening Surveys, and Pre-Screen Testing of all systems? You can enter
into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the EPA that describes your
State's or Tribe's activities to:
(i) Accept or modify the initial plan. EPA will first specify the
systems serving 10,000 or fewer persons by water source and size in an
initial State Monitoring Plan for each State using a random number
generator. EPA will also generate a replacement list of systems for
systems that may not have been correctly specified on the initial plan.
This initial State Monitoring Plan will also indicate the year and day,
plus or minus two (2) weeks from the day, that each system must monitor
for the contaminants in List 1 of Table 1 of this section, Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List. EPA will provide you with
the initial monitoring plan for your State or Tribe, including systems
to be Index systems and those systems to be part of the Screening
Surveys. Within sixty (60) days of receiving your State's initial plan,
you may notify EPA that you either accept it as your State Monitoring
Plan or request to modify the initial plan by removing systems that have
closed, merged or are purchasing water from another system and replacing
them with other systems. Any purchased water system associated with a
non-purchased water system must be added to the State Monitoring Plan if
the State determines that its distribution system is the location of the
maximum residence time or lowest disinfectant residual of the combined
distribution system. In this case, the purchased water system must
monitor for the contaminants for which the ``distribution system'' is
identified as the point of ``maximum residence time'' or ``lowest
disinfectant residual,'' depending on the contaminant, and not the
community water system selling water to it. You must replace any systems
you removed from the initial plan with systems from the replacement list
in the order they are listed. Your request to modify the initial plan
must include the modified plan and the reasons for the removal and
replacement of systems. If you believe that there are reasons other than
those previously listed for removing and replacing one or more other
systems from the initial plan, you may include those systems and their
replacement systems in your request to modify the initial plan. EPA will
review your request to modify your State's initial plan. Please note
that information about the actual or potential occurrence or non-
occurrence of contaminants at a system or a system's vulnerability to
contamination is not a basis for removal from or addition to the plan.
(ii) Determine an alternate vulnerable time. Within 60 days of
receiving the initial State Monitoring Plan, you may also determine that
the most vulnerable time of the year for any or all of the systems in
the plan, and for any of the large systems that must monitor, is some
period other than May 1 through July 31. If you make this determination,
you must modify the initial plan to indicate the alternate vulnerable
time and to which systems the alternate vulnerable time applies. EPA
will review these determinations when you submit your request to modify
your State's initial monitoring plan to the EPA. You must notify the
small system(s) in your final State Monitoring Plan and the large
system(s) of the most vulnerable time(s) of the year that you have
specified for them to sample for one of their sampling events. You must
notify them at least 90 days before their first unregulated contaminant
sampling is to occur. You
[[Page 428]]
may need to consider the timing of monitoring in paragraph (b)(1)(iii)
of this section.
(iii) Modify the timing of monitoring. Within sixty (60) days of
receiving the initial plan, you may also modify the plan by selecting an
alternative year and day, plus or minus two (2) weeks, within the years
specified in column 6, List 1 of Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3) of this section,
for monitoring for each system in the initial plan as long as
approximately one-third of the systems in the State Plan monitor in each
of the three (3) years listed. This monitoring may be coordinated with
regulated contaminant compliance monitoring at your discretion. You must
send the modified plan to EPA.
(iv) Identify alternate sampling points for small systems in the
State Monitoring Plan. All systems are required to monitor for the
contaminants at the sampling locations specified in column 5, List 1 of
Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in
paragraph (a)(3) of this section, unless the State specifies an
alternate compliance sampling point as the sampling location. If the
compliance sampling points for the small systems in the State Monitoring
Plan are different than those specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this
section, then you must indicate these sampling points in the plan. These
alternative sampling points must allow proper sampling and testing for
the unregulated contaminants.
(v) Notify small and large systems of their monitoring
responsibilities. You must provide notification to systems in the plan
and, where appropriate, the large systems, at least ninety (90) days
before sampling must occur.
(vi) Provide instructions to systems that are part of the final
State Monitoring Plan. You must send a monitoring schedule to each
system listed in the State Monitoring Plan and instructions on location,
frequency, timing of sampling, use of sampling equipment, and handling
and shipment of samples based on these regulations. EPA will provide you
with guidance for these instructions. If you perform the sampling or
make alternative arrangements for the sampling at the systems in the
plan, you must inform EPA at least six (6) months before the first
monitoring is to occur and address the alternative monitoring
arrangements in the MOA.
(vii) Participate in monitoring for the Screening Surveys for small
and large systems. Within 120 days prior to sampling, EPA will notify
you which systems have been selected to participate in the Screening
Surveys, the sampling dates, the designated laboratory for testing, and
instructions for sampling. You must review the small systems that EPA
selected for the State Monitoring Plan to ensure that the systems are
not closed, merged or purchasing water from another system (unless the
system is to conduct monitoring for a contaminant with the sampling
location specified as ``distribution system''), and then make any
replacements in the plan, as described in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this
section. You must notify the selected systems in your State of these
Screening Surveys requirements. You must provide the necessary Screening
Surveys information to the selected systems at least ninety (90) days
prior to the sampling date.
(viii) Participate in monitoring for Pre-Screen Testing for small
and large systems. You can participate in Pre-Screen Testing in two
ways.
(A) First, within ninety (90) days of EPA's letter to you concerning
initiation of Pre-Screen Testing for specific contaminants, you can
identify from five (5) up to twenty-five (25) systems in your State that
you determine to be representative of the most vulnerable systems to
these contaminants, modify your State Monitoring Plan to include these
most vulnerable systems if any serve 10,000 or fewer persons, and notify
EPA of the addition of these systems to the State Plan. These systems
must be selected from all community and non-transient noncommunity water
systems. EPA will use the State-identified vulnerable systems to select
up to 200 systems nationally to be monitored considering the
characteristics of the contaminants, precipitation, system operation,
and environmental conditions.
(B) Second, within 120 days prior to sampling, EPA will notify you
which systems have been selected, sampling dates, the designated
laboratory for
[[Page 429]]
testing of samples for systems serving 10,000 or fewer persons and
approved laboratories for systems serving more than 10,000 persons, and
instructions for sampling. You must notify the owners or operators of
the selected systems in your State of these Pre-Screen Testing
requirements. At least ninety (90) days prior to the sampling date, you
must provide the necessary Pre-Screen Testing information to the owners
or operators of the selected systems and then inform EPA that you took
this action to allow sufficient time for EPA to ensure laboratory
readiness.
(ix) Revise system's treatment plant location(s) to include latitude
and longitude. For reporting to the Safe Drinking Water Information
System, EPA already requires reporting of either the latitude and
longitude or the street address for the treatment plant location. If the
State enters into an MOA, the State must report each system's treatment
plant location(s) as latitude and longitude (in addition to street
address, if previously reported) by the time of the system's reporting
of Assessment Monitoring results to the National Drinking Water
Contaminant Occurrence Database. The State may use the latitude and
longitude of facilities related to the public water system on the same
site, or closely adjacent to the same site as the treatment plant, such
as the latitude and longitude of the intake or wellhead/field or the
entry point to the distribution system, if such measurements are
available.
(2) What if I decide not to participate in an MOA? If you decide not
to enter into an MOA with EPA to develop the State Monitoring Plan for
small systems, the initial monitoring plan that EPA sent you will become
the final State Monitoring Plan for your State or Tribe. In that case,
you may still notify each public water system of its selection for the
plan and instructions for monitoring as long as you notify EPA that you
will be undertaking this responsibility at least six (6) months prior to
the first unregulated contaminant monitoring.
(3) Can I add contaminants to the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
List? Yes, the SDWA allows Governors of seven (7) or more States to
petition the EPA Administrator to add one or more contaminants to the
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in paragraph
(a)(3) of this section. The petition must clearly identify the reason(s)
for adding the contaminant(s) to the monitoring list in paragraph (a)(3)
of this section, including the potential risk to public health,
particularly any information that might be available regarding
disproportional risks to the health and safety of children, the expected
occurrence documented by any available data, any analytical methods
known or proposed to be used to test for the contaminant(s), and any
other information that could assist the Administrator in determining
which contaminants present the greatest public health concern and
should, therefore, be included on the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Regulation (1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
(4) Can I waive monitoring requirements? Only with EPA approval and
under very limited conditions. Conditions and procedures for obtaining
the only type of waiver available under these regulations are as
follows:
(i) Application. You may apply to EPA for a State-wide waiver from
the unregulated contaminant monitoring requirements for public water
systems serving more than 10,000 persons. To apply for such a waiver,
you must submit an application to EPA that includes the following
information:
(A) the list of contaminants on the Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring List for which you request a waiver, and
(B) documentation for each contaminant in your request demonstrating
that the contaminants have not been used, applied, stored, disposed of,
released, naturally present or detected in the source waters or
distribution systems in your State during the past 15 years, and that it
does not occur naturally in your State.
(ii) Approval. EPA will notify you if EPA agrees to waive monitoring
requirements.
Appendix A to Sec. 141.40--Quality Control Requirements for Testing All
Samples Collected
Your system must ensure that the quality control requirements listed
below for testing
[[Page 430]]
of samples collected and submitted under Sec. 141.40 are followed:
(1) Sample Collection/Preservation. Follow the sample collection and
preservation requirements for the specified method for each of the
contaminants in Table 1, UCMR (1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3) of this
section. These requirements specify sample containers, collection,
dechlorination, preservation, storage, sample holding time, and extract
storage and/or holding time that the laboratory must follow.
(2) Detection Limit. Calculate the laboratory detection limit for
each contaminant in Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Regulation (1999) List, of paragraph (a)(3) of this section using the
appropriate procedure in the specified method with the exception that
the contaminant concentration used to fortify reagent water must be less
than or equal to the minimum reporting level (MRL) for the contaminants
as specified in column 4, Table 1, UCMR (1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3)
of this section. The calculated detection limit is equal to the standard
deviation times the Student's t value for 99% confidence level with n-1
degrees of freedom. (The detection limit must be less than or equal to
one-half of the MRL.)
(3) Calibration. Follow the initial calibration requirements as
specified in the method utilized. Calibration must be verified initially
with a low-level standard at a concentration at or below the MRL for
each contaminant. Perform a continuing calibration verification
following every 10th sample. The calibration verification must be
performed by alternating low-level and mid-level calibration standards.
The low-level standard is defined as a concentration at or below the MRL
with an acceptance range of 40%. The mid-level
standard is in the middle of the calibration range with an acceptance
range of 20%.
(4) Reagent Blank Analysis. Analyze one laboratory reagent (method)
blank per sample set/batch that is treated exactly as a sample. The
maximum allowable background concentration is one-half of the MRL for
all contaminants. A field reagent blank is required only for EPA Method
524.2 (or equivalent listed methods, D5790.95, SM6210D, and SM6200B).
(5) Quality Control Sample. Obtain a quality control sample from an
external source to check laboratory performance at least once each
quarter.
(6) Matrix Spike and Duplicate. Prepare and analyze the sample
matrix spike (SMS) for accuracy and matrix spike duplicate (MSD) samples
for precision to determine method accuracy and precision for all
contaminants in Table 1, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation
(1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. SMS/MSD samples must
be prepared and analyzed at a frequency of 5% (or one SMS/MSD set per
every 20 samples) or with each sample batch whichever is more frequent.
In addition, the SMS/MSD spike concentrations must be alternated between
a low-level spike and mid-level spike approximately 50% of the time.
(For example: a set of 40 samples will require preparation and analysis
of two SMS/MSD sets. The first set must be spiked at either the low-
level or mid level, and the second set must be spiked with the other
standard, either the low-level or mid-level, whichever was not used for
the initial SMS/MSD set). The low-level SMS/MSD spike concentration must
be within 20% of the MRL for each contaminant. The
mid-level SMS/MSD spike concentration must be within 20% of the mid-level calibration standard for each
contaminant, and should represent, where possible, an approximate
average concentration observed in previous analyses of that analyte. The
spiking concentrations must be reported in the same units of measure as
the analytical results.
(7) Internal Standard Calibration. As appropriate to a method's
requirements to be used, test and obtain an internal standard for the
methods for each chemical contaminant in Table 1, Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List, in paragraph (a)(3) of
this section, a pure contaminant of known concentration, for calibration
and quantitation purposes. The methods specify the percent recovery or
response that you must obtain for acceptance.
(8) Method Performance Test. As appropriate to a method's
requirements, test for surrogate compounds, a pure contaminant unlikely
to be found in any sample, to be used to monitor method performance. The
methods specify the percent recovery that you must obtain for
acceptance.
(9) Detection Confirmation. Confirm any chemical contaminant
analyzed using a gas chromatographic method and detected above the MRL,
by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) methods. If testing
resulted in first analyzing the sample extracts via specified gas
chromatographic methods, an initial confirmation by a second column
dissimilar to the primary column may be performed. If the contaminant
detection is confirmed by the secondary column, then the contaminant
must be reconfirmed by GC/MS using three (3) specified ion peaks for
contaminant identification. Use one of the following confirming
techniques: perform single point calibration of the GC/MS system for
confirmation purposes only as long as the calibration standard is at a
concentration within 50% of the concentration
determined by the initial analysis; or perform a three (3) point
calibration with single point daily calibration verification of the GC/
MS system regardless of whether that verification standard concentration
is within 50% of sample response. If GC/MS
analysis confirms the initial contaminant detection,
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report results determined from the initial analysis.
(10) Reporting. Report the analytical results and other data, with
the required data listed in 40 CFR 141.35, Table 1. Report this data
electronically to EPA, unless EPA specifies otherwise, and provide a
copy to the State. Systems must coordinate with their laboratories for
electronic reporting to EPA to ensure proper formatting and timely data
submission.
(11) Method Defined Quality Control. As appropriate to the method's
requirements, perform analysis of Laboratory Fortified Blanks and
Laboratory Performance Checks as specified in the method. Each method
specifies acceptance criteria for these quality control checks.
[64 FR 50612, Sept. 17, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 11382, Mar. 2, 2000;
66 FR 2302, Jan. 11, 2001; 66 FR 27215, May 16, 2001; 66 FR 46225, Sept.
4, 2002; 67 FR 65900, Oct. 29, 2002]