[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 7]
[Revised as of July 1, 2005]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR60.I]
[Page 690]
Appendix I to Part 60--Removable Label and Owner's Manual
1. Introduction
The purpose of this appendix is to provide guidance to the
manufacturer for compliance with the temporary labeling and owner's
manual provisions of subpart AAA. Section 2 provides guidance for the
content and presentation of information on the temporary labels. Section
3 provides guidance for the contents of the owner's manual.
2. Temporary Labels
2.1 General
Temporary labels shall be printed on 90 pound bond paper and shall
measure 5 inches wide by 7 inches long. All labels shall be printed in
black ink on one side of the label only. The type font that shall be
used for all printing is helvetica. Specific instructions for drafting
labels are provided below depending upon the compliance status of the
wood heater model. Figures 1 through 7 illustrate the various label
types that may apply.
2.2 Certified Wood Heaters
The design and content of certified wood heaters vary according to
the following:
Catalyst or noncatalyst,
Measured or default thermal efficiency value, and
Compliance with 1988 or 1990 emission limit.
There are five parts of a label. These include:
Identification and compliance status,
Emission value,
Efficiency value,
Heat output value, and
Caveats.
Instructions for drafting each of these five parts are discussed
below in terms of the three variables listed above. Figures 1 and 2
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illustrate the variations in label design. Figure 1 is a temporary label
for a hypothetical catalyst wood heater that meets the 1990 standard,
has a certification test emission composite value of 3.5 g/h, and has a
default efficiency of 72 percent. The label in Figure 2 is for a
hypothetical noncatalyst wood heater with a certification test emission
composite value of 7.8 g/h and a measured efficiency of 68 percent. It
meets the 1988 but not the 1990 standard. All labels for wood heaters
that have been certified and tested should conform as much as possible
to the general layout, the type font and type size illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2.
2.2.1 Identification and Compliance Status
The top 1.5 inches of the label should contain the following items
(and location on the label):
Manufacturer name (upper left hand corner,
Model name/number (upper left hand corner,
The words ``U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY'' (centered at top and enclosed in a box with rounded edges),
For catalytic wood heaters, in large bold print
the words ``CATALYST EQUIPPED'' (centered below the words ``U.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY''),
Text indicating compliance status for catalytic
wood heaters. For those catalytic wood heaters which comply with the
1988 emission limits, but not the 1990 emission limits, the words:
``Meets EPA particulate matter (smoke) control requirements for
catalytic wood heaters built on or after July 1, 1988, and before July
1, 1990.'' For those catalytic wood heaters which comply with the 1990
emission limits, the words: ``Meets EPA particulate matter (smoke)
control requirements for catalytic wood heaters built on or after July
1, 1990.'' Finally, for all catalytic wood heaters, the following text
should be included: ``See catalyst warranty. Illegal to operate when
catalyst is not working. See owner's manual for operation and
maintenance.''
Text indicating compliance status for
noncatalytic wood heaters. For those noncatalytic wood heaters that
comply with the 1988 emission limits but not the 1990 emission limits,
the words: ``Meets EPA particulate matter (smoke) control requirements
for NONCATALYTIC wood heaters built on or after July 1, 1988, and before
July 1, 1990.'' For those noncatalytic wood heaters that comply with
1990 emission limits, the words: ``Meets EPA particulate matter (smoke)
control requirements for NON CATALYTIC wood heaters built on or after
July 1, 1990.''
2.2.2 Emission Value
Between 1.5 and 3.0 inches down from the top of the label is the
part that graphically illustrates the particulate matter, or smoke,
emission value. This part consists of the word ``SMOKE'' in large bold
print and a 3.0 inch line with words ``(grams per hour)'' centered
beneath the line. A blunt end arrow with a base (blunt end) that spans 2
g/hr shall be centered over the point on the emissions line that
represents the composite emission value for the model as measured in the
certification test.
For catalyst equipped wood heaters the 3.0 inch line shall be
labeled ``0'' on the left end of the line (centered below the end) and
``5.5'' on the right end (centered below the end). To find where to
center the large blunt end arrow, measure 0.55 inches from the left end
for each g/h of the composite emission value. Thus, a 4 g/h value would
be 2.2 inches from the left end. The base of the blunt end should always
be 1.1 inches wide (2 g/hr). The words ``This Model'' should be centered
above or within the blunt end arrow.
For noncatalyst equipped wood heaters, the 3.0 inch line should be
labeled ``0'' on the left end of the line (centered below the end) and
``8.5'' on the right end of the line (centered below the end). To find
where to center the large blunt end arrow, measure 0.35 inches from the
left end for each g/h of the composite emission value. Thus, a 4 g/h
value would be 1.4 inches from the left end. The base of the blunt end
should always be 0.7 inches wide (2 g/h). The words ``This Model''
should be centered above or within the blunt end arrow.
2.2.3 Efficiency Value
Between 3.0 and 4.75 inches down from the top of the label is the
part that illustrates overall thermal efficiency value. The efficiency
value may either be a measured value or a calculated or default value as
provided in Sec. 60.536(i)(3) of the regulation. Regardless of how the
efficiency is derived, the words ``EFFICIENCY'' shall be centered above
a 4 inch line. The 4 inch line should be divided into 5 equal lengths
(each 0.8 inches) and labeled ``50%,'' ``60%,'' * * * ``100%'' as
indicated in Figures 1 and 2. As with the smoke line in 2.2.2, a blunt
end arrow shall be centered over the point on the line where the
efficiency value would be located. The base of the blunt end arrow shall
be 0.48 inches wide (6 percentage points). To find where to center the
blunt end arrow, measure 0.08 inches for each percentage point to the
right of the nearest labeled value. For example, a value of 82 percent
would be 0.16 inches to the right of the ``80%'' mark.
For default efficiency values, an asterisk shall follow the word
``EFFICIENCY'' as in Figure 1. The asterisk refers to a note in
parentheses that shall say ``Not tested for efficiency. Value indicated
is for similar catalyst equipped (or noncatalytic, as appropriate) wood
heaters.''
[[Page 692]]
For measured efficiency values measured with the method in appendix
J, the words ``Tested Efficiency'' shall be centered above the blunt end
arrow as in Figure 2.
The last item required for this part is a sentence that says ``Wood
heaters with higher efficiencies cost less to operate.''
2.2.4 Heat Output Value
Between 4.75 and 6.0 inches down from the top of the label is the
heat output part. The words ``HEAT OUTPUT'' in large bold print are
centered above the Heat Output range numbers in Btu/hr, as derived from
the certification test. The words ``Use this to choose the right size
appliance for your needs. ASK DEALER FOR HELP'' should follow the heat
output range numbers as in Figures 1 and 2. (Note that ``ASK DEALER FOR
HELP'' is a single line, centered in the label.) The low end of the burn
rate range indicated on the label should reflect the low end of the burn
rate range achievable by the wood heater as sold and not as tested in
the laboratory (see Sec. 60.536(i)(4)).
2.2.5 Caveats
In the lower 0.75 inch of the label, the following text shall be
presented:
``This wood heater will achieve low smoke output and high efficiency
only if properly operated and maintained. See owner's manual.''
2.3 Coal-Only Heaters
For those heaters which meet the definition of ``coal only heater''
in Sec. 60.531, the temporary label should contain the identical
material (same layout and print font and size) as that illustrated in
Figure 3, except that the hypothetical manufacturer and model name
should be replaced with the appropriate actual names.
2.4 Small Manufacturer Exempted Wood Heaters
For those wood heaters exempted under Sec. 60.530(d), the small
manufacturer exemption, the temporary label should contain the identical
material (same layout and print font and size) as that illustrated in
Figure 4, except that the hypothetical manufacturer and model name
should be replaced with the appropriate actual names.
2.5 Wood Heaters that Are Not Certified
For those wood heaters that do not meet applicable emission limits
under Sec. 60.532 and are not otherwise exempted, the temporary label
should contain the identical material (same layout and print font and
size) as those illustrated in Figures 5, 6, and 7, as appropriate. The
hypothetical manufacturer and model names should be replaced with the
appropriate actual names.
There are three kinds of wood heaters which fall into this category
of ``not certified.'' Each requires a separate label. If a wood heater
is tested but fails to meet the applicable limits, the label in Figure 5
applies. Such a label should be printed on red rather than white paper.
If a wood heater is tested and does meet the emission limit but is not
subsequently certified, the label in Figure 6 applies. (An example would
be a one-of-a-kind wood heater which is not part of a model line.
Because of the costs of testing, this circumstance is not expected to
arise often, if at all.) If a wood heater is not tested and is not
certified, it should bear the label illustrated in Figure 7. As with
Figure 5, this label should be printed on red paper.
3.0 Guidance for Preparation of Wood Heater Owner's Manuals
3.1 Introduction
Although the owner's manuals do not require premarket approval, EPA
will monitor the contents to ensure that sufficient information is
included to provide heater operation and maintenance information
affecting emissions to consumers. The purpose of this section is to
provide guidance to manufacturers in complying with the owner's manual
provisions of Sec. 60.536(1). A checklist of topics and illustrative
language is provided as a guideline. Owner's manuals should be tailored
to specific wood heater models, as appropriate.
3.2 Topics Required To Be Addressed in Owner's Manual
Wood heater description and compliance status,
Tamper warning,
Catalyst information and warranty (if catalyst
equipped),
Fuel selection,
Achieving and maintaining catalyst light-off (if
catalyst equipped),
Catalyst monitoring (if catalyst equipped),
Troubleshooting catalytic equipped heaters (if
catalyst equipped),
Catalyst replacement (if catalyst equipped),
Wood heater operation and maintenance, and
Wood heater installation: achieving proper draft.
3.3 Sample Text/Descriptions
The following are example texts and/or further descriptions
illustrating the topics identified above. Although the regulation
requires manufacturers to address (where applicable) the ten topics
identified above, the exact language is not specified. Manuals should be
written specific to the model and design of the wood heater. The
following
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guidance is composed of generic descriptions and texts. If manufacturers
choose to use the language provided in the example, the portion in
italics should be revised as appropriate. Any manufacturer electing to
use the EPA example language shall be in compliance with owner's manual
requirements provided that the particular language is printed in full
with only such changes as are necessary to ensure accuracy. Example
language is not provided for certain topics, since these areas are
generally heater specific. For these topics, manufacturers should
develop text that is specific to the operation and maintenance of their
particular products.
3.3.1 Wood Heater Description and Compliance Status
Owner's Manuals shall include:
A. Manufacturer and model,
B. Compliance status (exempt, 1988 std., 1990 std., etc.), and
C. Heat output range (as indicated on temporary label).
Example Text covering A, B, and C above:
``This manual describes the installation and operation of the Brand X,
Model 0 catalytic equipped wood heater. This heater meets the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's emission limits for wood heaters sold
between July 1, 1990, and July 1, 1992. Under specific test conditions
this heater has been shown to deliver heat at rates ranging from 8,000
to 35,000 Btu/hr.''
3.3.2 Tamper Warning
This consists of the following statement which must be included in
the owner's manual for catalyst equipped units:
Example Text covering legal prohibition on tampering:
``This wood heater contains a catalytic combustor, which needs
periodic inspection and replacement for proper operation. It is against
the law to operate this wood heater in a manner inconsistent with
operating instructions in this manual, or if the catalytic element is
deactivated or removed.''
3.3.3 Catalyst Information
Included with or supplied in the owner's and warranty manuals shall
be the following information:
A. Catalyst manufacturer, model,
B. Catalyst warranty details, and
C. Instructions for warranty claims.
Example Text covering A, B, and C:
``The combustor supplied with this heater is a Brand Z, Long Life
Combustor. Consult the catalytic combustor warranty also supplied with
this wood heater. Warranty claims should be addressed to:
Stove or Catalyst Manufacturer__________________________________________
Address_________________________________________________________________
Phone _________________________________________________________
This section should also provide clear guidance on how to exercise the
warranty (how to package for return shipment, etc.).
3.3.4 Fuel Selection
Owner's manuals shall include:
A. Instructions on acceptable fuels, and
B. Warning against inappropriate fuels.
Example Text covering A and B:
``This heater is designed to burn natural wood only. Higher
efficiencies and lower emissions generally result when burning air dried
seasoned hardwoods, as compared to softwoods or to green or freshly cut
hardwoods.
DO NOT BURN:
Treated Wood.
Coal.
Garbage.
Cardboard.
Solvents.
Colored Paper.
Trash.
Burning treated wood, garbage, solvents, colored paper or trash may
result in release of toxic fumes and may poison or render ineffective
the catalytic combustor.
Burning coal, cardboard, or loose paper can produce soot, or large
flakes of char or fly ash that can coat the combustor, causing smoke
spillage into the room, and rendering the combustor ineffective.''
3.3.5 Achieving and Maintaining Catalyst Light-Off
Owner's manuals shall describe in detail proper procedures for:
A. Operation of catalyst bypass (stove specific),
B. Achieving catalyst light-off from a cold start, and
C. Achieving catalyst light-off when refueling.
No example text is supplied for describing operation of catalyst
bypass mechanisms (Item A) since these are typically stove-specific.
Manufacturers however must provide instructions specific to their model
describing:
1. Bypass position during start-up,
2. Bypass position during normal operation, and
3. Bypass position during reloading.
Example Text for item B:
``The temperature in the stove and the gases entering the combustor
must be raised to between 500[deg] to 700 [deg]F for catalytic activity
to be initiated. During the start-up of a cold stove, a medium to high
firing rate must be maintained for about 20 minutes. This ensures that
the stove, catalyst, and fuel are all stabilized at proper operating
temperatures. Even though it is possible to have gas temperatures reach
600 [deg]F within two to three minutes after a fire is started, if the
fire is allowed to die down immediately it may go out or the combustor
may
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stop working. Once the combustor starts working, heat generated in it by
burning the smoke will keep it working.''
Example Text for item C:
REFUELING:
``During the refueling and rekindling of a cool fire, or a fire that
has burned down to the charcoal phase, operate the stove at a medium to
high firing rate for about 10 minutes to ensure that the catalyst
reaches approximately 600 [deg]F.''
3.3.6 Catalyst Monitoring
Owner's manuals shall include:
A. Recommendation to visually inspect combustor at least three times
during the heating season,
B. Discussion on expected combustor temperatures for monitor-
equipped units, and
C. Suggested monitoring and inspection techniques.
Example Text covering A, B, and C:
``It is important to periodically monitor the operation of the
catalytic combustor to ensure that it is functioning properly and to
determine when it needs to be replaced. A non-functioning combustor will
result in a loss of heating efficiency, and an increase in creosote and
emissions. Following is a list of items that should be checked on a
periodic basis.
Combustors should be visually inspected at least
three times during the heating season to determine if physical
degradation has occurred. Actual removal of the combustor is not
recommended unless more detailed inspection is warranted because of
decreased performance. If any of these conditions exist, refer to
Catalyst Troubleshooting section of this owner's manual.
This catalytic heater is equipped with a
temperature probe to monitor catalyst operation. Properly functioning
combustors typically maintain temperatures in excess of 500 [deg]F, and
often reach temperatures in excess of 1,000 [deg]F. If catalyst
temperatures are not in excess of 500 [deg]F, refer to Catalyst
Troubleshooting section of this owner's manual.
You can get an indication of whether the catalyst
is working by comparing the amount of smoke leaving the chimney when the
smoke is going through the combustor and catalyst light-off has been
achieved, to the amount of smoke leaving the chimney when the smoke is
not routed through the combustor (bypass mode).
Step 1--Light stove in accordance with instructions in 3.3.5.
Step 2--With smoke routed through the catalyst, go outside and
observe the emissions leaving the chimney.
Step 3--Engage the bypass mechanism and again observe the emissions
leaving the chimney.
Significantly more smoke should be seen when the exhaust is not
routed through the combustor (bypass mode). Be careful not to confuse
smoke with steam from wet wood.''
3.3.7 Catalyst Troubleshooting
The owner's manual should provide clear descriptions of symptoms and
remedies to common combustor problems. It is recommended that
photographs of catalyst peeling, plugging, thermal cracking, mechanical
cracking, and masking be included in the manual to aid the consumer in
identifying problems and to provide direction for corrective action.
3.3.8 Catalyst Replacement
The owner's manual should provide clear step-by-step instructions on
how to remove and replace the catalytic combustor. The section should
include diagrams and/or photographs.
3.3.9 Wood Heater Operation and Maintenance
Owner's manual shall include:
A. Recommendations about building and maintaining a fire,
B. Instruction on proper use of air controls,
C. Ash removal and disposal,
D. Instruction on gasket replacement, and
E. Warning against overfiring.
No example text is supplied for A, B, and D since these items are
model specific. Manufacturers should provide detailed instructions on
building and maintaining a fire including selection of fuel pieces, fuel
quantity, and stacking arrangement. Manufacturers should also provide
instruction on proper air settings (both primary and secondary) for
attaining minimum and maximum heat outputs and any special instructions
for operating thermostatic controls. Step-by-step instructions on
inspection and replacement of gaskets should also be included.
Manufacturers should provide diagrams and/or photographs to assist the
consumer. Gasket type and size should be specified.
Example Text for item C:
``Whenever ashes get 3 to 4 inches deep in your firebox or ash pan,
and when the fire has burned down and cooled, remove excess ashes. Leave
an ash bed approximately 1 inch deep on the firebox bottom to help
maintain a hot charcoal bed.''
``Ashes should be placed in a metal container with a tight-fitting
lid. The closed container of ashes should be placed on a noncombustible
floor or on the ground, away from all combustible materials, pending
final disposal. The ashes should be retained in the closed container
until all cinders have thoroughly cooled.''
Example Text covering item E:
``DO NOT OVERFIRE THIS HEATER''
``Attempts to achieve heat output rates that exceed heater design
specifications can
[[Page 695]]
result in permanent damage to the heater and to the catalytic combustor
if so equipped.''
3.3.10 Wood Heater Installation: Achieving Proper Draft
Owner's manual shall include:
A. Importance of proper draft,
B. Conditions indicating inadequate draft, and
C. Conditions indicating excessive draft.
Example Text for Item A:
``Draft is the force which moves air from the appliance up through
the chimney. The amount of draft in your chimney depends on the length
of the chimney, local geography, nearby obstructions, and other factors.
Too much draft may cause excessive temperatures in the appliance and may
damage the catalytic combustor. Inadequate draft may cause backpuffing
into the room and `plugging' of the chimney or the catalyst.''
Example text for Item B:
``Inadequate draft will cause the appliance to leak smoke into the
room through appliance and chimney connector joints.''
Example text Item C:
``An uncontrollable burn or a glowing red stove part or chimney
connector indicates excessive draft.''
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[53 FR 5913, Feb. 26, 1988]