[Code of Federal Regulations] [Title 49, Volume 4] [Revised as of October 1, 2005] From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access [CITE: 49CFR224.103] [Page 324-325] TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER II--FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PART 224_REFLECTORIZATION OF RAIL FREIGHT ROLLING STOCK--Table of Contents Subpart B_Application, Inspection, and Maintenance of Retroreflective Material Sec. 224.103 Characteristics of retrore- flective sheeting. (a) Construction. Retroreflective sheeting applied pursuant to this part shall consist of a smooth, flat, transparent exterior film with microprismatic retroreflective elements embedded in or suspended beneath the film so as to form a non-exposed retroreflective optical system. (b) Color. Retroreflective sheeting applied pursuant to this part shall be yellow or white as specified by the chromaticity coordinates of ASTM International's Standard D 4956-01a, ``Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control.'' The Director of the Federal Register approves the incorporation by reference of this standard in this section in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. You may obtain a copy of the incorporated standard from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. You may inspect a copy of the incorporated standard at the Federal Railroad Administration, Docket Clerk, 1120 Vermont Ave., NW., Suite 7000, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/ code--of--federal-- regulations/ibr--locations.html. (c) Performance. Retroreflective sheeting applied pursuant to this part shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 4956-01a, for Type V Sheeting, except [[Page 325]] for the photometric requirements, and shall, as initially applied, meet the minimum photometric performance requirements specified in Table 1 of this subpart. Table 1 of Subpart B--Minimum Photometric Performance (Coefficient of Retroreflection (RA) in Candela/Lux/ Meter\2\) Requirement for Retroreflective Sheeting ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Observation angle --------------------------------------------------------------- Entrance angle 0.2 Degree 0.5 Degree --------------------------------------------------------------- Yellow White Yellow White ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -4[deg]......................................... 400 600 100 160 30[deg]......................................... 220 350 45 75 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (d) Certification. The characters ``FRA-224'', constituting the manufacturer's certification that the retroreflective sheeting conforms to the requirements of paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, shall appear at least once on the exposed surface of each piece of sheeting in the final application. The characters shall be a minimum of three millimeters high, and shall be permanently stamped, etched, molded, or printed within the product and each certification shall be spaced no more than four inches apart. (e) Alternative standards. Upon petition by a freight rolling stock owner or railroad under Sec. 224.15, the Associate Administrator may approve an alternative technology as providing equivalent safety. Any such petition shall provide data and analysis sufficient to establish that the technology will result in conspicuity and durability at least equal to sheeting described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section applied in accordance with this part and will present a recognizable visual target that is suitably consistent with freight rolling stock equipped with retroreflective sheeting that meets the technical requirements of this part to provide the intended warning to motorists.