[Code of Federal Regulations] [Title 49, Volume 4] [Revised as of October 1, 2005] From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access [CITE: 49CFR232.5] [Page 524-527] TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER II--FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PART 232_BRAKE SYSTEM SAFETY STANDARDS for FREIGHT and OTHER NON-PASSENGER TRAINS and EQUIPMENT; END-of-TRAIN DEVICES--Table of Contents Subpart A_General Sec. 232.5 Definitions. The definitions in this section are intended to clarify the meaning of terms used in this part as it becomes applicable pursuant to Sec. 232.1(b) and (c). AAR means the Association of American Railroads. Air brake means a combination of devices operated by compressed air, arranged in a system, and controlled manually, electrically, electronically, or pneumatically, by means of which the motion of a railroad car or locomotive is retarded or arrested. Air Flow Indicator, AFM means a specific air flow indicator required by the air flow method of qualifying train air brakes (AFM). The AFM Air Flow Indicator is a calibrated air flow measuring device which is clearly visible and legible in daylight and darkness from the engineer's normal operating position. The indicator face displays: (1) Markings from 10 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to 80 CFM, in increments of 10 CFM or less; and (2) Numerals indicating 20, 40, 60, and 80 CFM for continuous monitoring of air flow. Bind means restrict the intended movement of one or more brake system components by reduced clearance, by obstruction, or by increased friction. Brake, dynamic means a train braking system whereby the kinetic energy of a moving train is used to generate electric current at the locomotive traction motors, which is then dissipated through resistor grids or into the catenary or third rail system. Brake, effective means a brake that is capable of producing its nominally designed retarding force on the train. A [[Page 525]] car's air brake is not considered effective if it is not capable of producing its nominally designed retarding force or if its piston travel exceeds: (1) 10\1/2\ inches for cars equipped with nominal 12-inch stroke brake cylinders; or (2) The piston travel limit indicated on the stencil, sticker, or badge plate for that brake cylinder. Brake, hand means a brake that can be applied and released by hand to prevent or retard the movement of a locomotive. Brake indicator means a device which indicates the brake application range and indicates whether brakes are applied and released. Brake, inoperative means a primary brake that, for any reason, no longer applies or releases as intended. Brake, inoperative dynamic means a dynamic brake that, for any reason, no longer provides its designed retarding force on the train. Brake, parking means a brake that can be applied by means other than by hand, such as spring, hydraulic, or air pressure when the brake pipe air is depleted, or by an electrical motor. Brake pipe means the system of piping (including branch pipes, angle cocks, cutout cocks, dirt collectors, hoses, and hose couplings) used for connecting locomotives and all railroad cars for the passage of compressed air. Brake, primary means those components of the train brake system necessary to stop the train within the signal spacing distance without thermal damage to friction braking surfaces. Brake, secondary means those components of the train brake system which develop supplemental brake retarding force that is not needed to stop the train within signal spacing distances or to prevent thermal damage to wheels. Emergency application means an irretrievable brake application resulting in the maximum retarding force available from the train brake system. End-of-train device, one-way means two pieces of equipment linked by radio that meet the requirements of Sec. 232.403. End-of-train device, two-way means two pieces of equipment linked by radio that meet the requirements of Sec. Sec. 232.403 and 232.405. Foul means any condition which restricts the intended movement of one or more brake system components because the component is snagged, entangled, or twisted. Freight car means a vehicle designed to carry freight, or railroad personnel, by rail and a vehicle designed for use in a work or wreck train or other non-passenger train. Initial terminal means the location where a train is originally assembled. Locomotive means a piece of railroad on-track equipment, other than hi-rail, specialized maintenance, or other similar equipment, which may consist of one or more units operated from a single control stand-- (1) With one or more propelling motors designed for moving other railroad equipment; (2) With one or more propelling motors designed to transport freight or passenger traffic or both; or (3) Without propelling motors but with one or more control stands. Locomotive cab means that portion of the superstructure designed to be occupied by the crew operating the locomotive. Locomotive, controlling means the locomotive from which the engineer exercises control over the train. Off air means not connected to a continuous source of compressed air of at least 60 pounds per square inch (psi). Ordered date or date ordered means the date on which notice to proceed is given by a procuring railroad to a contractor or supplier for new equipment. Piston travel means the amount of linear movement of the air brake hollow rod (or equivalent) or piston rod when forced outward by movement of the piston in the brake cylinder or actuator and limited by the brake shoes being forced against the wheel or disc. Pre-revenue service acceptance testing plan means a document, as further specified in Sec. 232.505, prepared by a railroad that explains in detail how pre-revenue service tests of certain equipment demonstrate that the equipment meets Federal safety standards and the railroad's own safety design requirements. Previously tested equipment means equipment that has received a Class I brake test pursuant to Sec. 232.205 and has [[Page 526]] not been off air for more than four hours. Primary responsibility means the task that a person performs at least 50 percent of the time. The totality of the circumstances will be considered on a case-by-case basis in circumstances where an individual does not spend 50 percent of the day engaged in any one readily identifiable type of activity. Qualified mechanical inspector means a qualified person who has received, as a part of the training, qualification, and designation program required under Sec. 232.203, instruction and training that includes ``hands-on'' experience (under appropriate supervision or apprenticeship) in one or more of the following functions: troubleshooting, inspection, testing, maintenance or repair of the specific train brake components and systems for which the person is assigned responsibility. This person shall also possess a current understanding of what is required to properly repair and maintain the safety-critical brake components for which the person is assigned responsibility. Further, the qualified mechanical inspector shall be a person whose primary responsibility includes work generally consistent with the functions listed in this definition. Qualified person means a person who has received, as a part of the training, qualification, and designation program required under Sec. 232.203, instruction and training necessary to perform one or more functions required under this part. The railroad is responsible for determining that the person has the knowledge and skills necessary to perform the required function for which the person is assigned responsibility. The railroad determines the qualifications and competencies for employees designated to perform various functions in the manner set forth in this part. Although the rule uses the term ``qualified person'' to describe a person responsible for performing various functions required under this part, a person may be deemed qualified to perform some functions but not qualified to perform other functions. For example, although a person may be deemed qualified to perform the Class II/intermediate brake test required by this part, that same person may or may not be deemed qualified to perform the Class I/ initial Terminal brake test or authorize the movement of defective equipment under this part. The railroad will determine the required functions for which an individual will be deemed a ``qualified person'' based upon the instruction and training the individual has received pursuant to Sec. 232.203 concerning a particular function. Railroad means any form of non-highway ground transportation that runs on rails or electromagnetic guideways, including: (1) Commuter or short-haul railroad passenger service in a metropolitan or suburban area and commuter railroad service that was operated by the Consolidated Rail Corporation on January 1, 1979; and (2) High speed ground transportation systems that connect metropolitan areas, without regard to whether those systems use new technologies not associated with traditional railroads. The term ``railroad'' is also intended to mean a person that provides transportation by railroad, whether directly or by contracting out operation of the railroad to another person. The term does not include rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected to the general railroad system of transportation. Rebuilt equipment means equipment that has undergone overhaul identified by the railroad as a capital expense under the Surface Transportation Board's accounting standards. Refresher training means periodic retraining required for employees or contractors to remain qualified to perform specific equipment troubleshooting, inspection, testing, maintenance, or repair functions. Respond as intended means to produce the result that a device or system is designed to produce. ``Roll-by'' inspection means an inspection performed while equipment is moving. Service application means a brake application that results from one or more service reductions or the equivalent. Service reduction means a decrease in brake pipe pressure, usually from 5 to 25 psi at a rate sufficiently rapid to [[Page 527]] move the operating valve to service position, but at a rate not rapid enough to move the operating valve to emergency position. Solid block of cars means two or more freight cars coupled together and added to or removed from a train as a single unit. State inspector means an inspector of a participating State rail safety program under part 212 of this chapter. Switching service means the classification of freight cars according to commodity or destination; assembling of cars for train movements; changing the position of cars for purposes of loading, unloading, or weighing; placing of locomotives and cars for repair or storage; or moving of rail equipment in connection with work service that does not constitute a train movement. Tourist, scenic, historic, or excursion operations are railroad operations that carry passengers, often using antiquated equipment, with the conveyance of the passengers to a particular destination not being the principal purpose. Train means one or more locomotives coupled with one or more freight cars, except during switching service. Train line means the brake pipe or any non-pneumatic system used to transmit the signal that controls the locomotive and freight car brakes. Train, unit or train, cycle means a train that, except for the changing of locomotive power and the removal or replacement of defective equipment, remains coupled as a consist and continuously operates from location A to location B and back to location A. Transfer train means a train that travels between a point of origin and a point of final destination not exceeding 20 miles. Such trains may pick up or deliver freight equipment while en route to destination. Yard air means a source of compressed air other than from a locomotive. [66 FR 4193, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 67 FR 17580, Apr. 10, 2002]