[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 49, Volume 6]
[Revised as of October 1, 2005]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 49CFR571.108]
[Page 289-363]
TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION
OF TRANSPORTATION
PART 571_FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS--Table of Contents
Subpart B_Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
Sec. 571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, reflective devices, and associated
equipment.
S1. Scope. This standard specifies requirements for original and
replacement lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment.
S2. Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce traffic
accidents and deaths and injuries resulting from traffic accidents, by
providing adequate illumination of the roadway, and by enhancing the
conspicuity of motor vehicles on the public roads so that their presence
is perceived and their signals understood, both in daylight and in
darkness or other conditions of reduced visibility.
S3. Application. This standard applies to:
(a) Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, buses,
trailers (except pole trailers and trailer converter dollies), and
motorcycles;
(b) Retroreflective sheeting and reflex reflectors manufactured to
conform to S5.7 of this standard; and
(c) Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment for
replacement of like equipment on vehicles to which this standard
applies.
S4. Definitions.
[[Page 290]]
Aiming Reference Plane means a plane which is perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle and tangent to the forwardmost aiming
pad on the headlamp.
Axis of reference means the characteristic axis of the lamp for use
as the direction of reference (H = 0[deg], V = 0[deg]) for angles of
field for photometric measurements and for installing the lamp on the
vehicle.
Beam contributor means an indivisible optical assembly including a
lens, reflector, and light source, that is part of an integral beam
headlighting system and contributes only a portion of a headlamp beam.
Cargo lamp is a lamp that is mounted on a multipurpose passenger
vehicle, truck, or bus for the purpose of providing illumination to load
or unload cargo.
Cutoff means a generally horizontal, visual/optical aiming cue in
the lower beam that marks a separation between areas of higher and lower
luminance.
Direct reading indicator means a device that is mounted in its
entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting
equipment, is part of a VHAD, and provides information about headlamp
aim in an analog or digital format.
Effective light-emitting surface means that portion of a lamp that
directs light to the photometric test pattern, and does not include
transparent lenses, mounting hole bosses, reflex reflector area, beads
or rims that may glow or produce small areas of increased intensity as a
result of uncontrolled light from an area of 1/2 degree radius around a
test point.
Effective projected luminous lens area means the area of the
orthogonal projection of the effective light-emitting surface of a lamp
on a plane perpendicular to a defined direction relative to the axis of
reference. Unless otherwise specified, the direction is coincident with
the axis of reference.
Filament means that part of the light source or light emitting
element(s), such as a resistive element, the excited portion of a
specific mixture of gases under pressure, or any part of other energy
conversion sources, that generates radiant energy which can be seen.
Flash means a cycle of activation and deactivation of a lamp by
automatic means continuing until stopped either automatically or
manually.
Fully opened means the position of the headlamp concealment device
in which the headlamp is in the design open operating position.
Headlamp concealment device means a device, with its operating
system and components, that provides concealment of the headlamp when it
is not in use, including a movable headlamp cover and a headlamp that
displaces for concealment purposes.
Headlamp test fixture means a device designed to support a headlamp
or headlamp assembly in the test position specified in the laboratory
tests and whose mounting hardware and components are those necessary to
operate the headlamp as installed in a motor vehicle.
Integral beam headlamp means a headlamp (other than a standardized
sealed beam headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S7.3 or a
replaceable bulb headlamp designed to conform to paragraph S7.5)
comprising an integral and indivisible optical assembly including lens,
reflector, and light source, except that a headlamp conforming to
paragraph S7.8.5.2 or paragraph S7.8.5.3 may have a lens designed to be
replaceable.
Multiple compartment lamp means a device which gives its indication
by two or more separately lighted areas which are joined by one or more
common parts, such as a housing or lens.
Multiple lamp arrangement means an array of two or more separate
lamps on each side of the vehicle which operate together to give a
signal.
Remote reading indicator means a device that is not mounted in its
entirety on a headlamp or headlamp aiming or headlamp mounting
equipment, but otherwise meets the definition of a direct reading
indicator.
Replaceable bulb headlamp means a headlamp comprising a bonded lens
and reflector assembly and one or two replaceable headlamp light
sources, except that a headlamp conforming to paragraph S7.8.5.2 or
paragraph S7.8.5.3 may have a lens designed to be replaceable.
[[Page 291]]
Replaceable light source means an assembly of a capsule, base, and
terminals that is designed to conform to the requirements of Appendix A
or Appendix B of part 564 Replaceable Light Source Information of this
Chapter.
Vehicle headlamp aiming device or VHAD means motor vehicle
equipment, installed either on a vehicle or headlamp, which is used for
determining the horizontal or vertical aim, or both the vertical and
horizontal aim of the headlamp.
Visually/optically aimable headlamp means a headlamp which is
designed to be visually/optically aimable in accordance with the
requirements of paragraph S7.8.5.3 of this standard.
S5. Requirements.
S5.1 Required motor vehicle lighting equipment.
S5.1.1 Except as provided in succeeding paragraphs of this S5.1.1,
each vehicle shall be equipped with at least the number of lamps,
reflective devices, and associated equipment specified in Tables I and
III and S7, as applicable. Required equipment shall be designed to
conform to the SAE Standards or Recommended Practices referenced in
those tables. Table I applies to multipurpose passenger vehicles,
trucks, trailers, and buses, 80 or more inches in overall width. Table
III applies to passenger cars and motorcycles and to multipurpose
passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses, less than 80 inches in
overall width.
S5.1.1.1 A truck tractor need not be equipped with turn signal lamps
mounted on the rear if the turn signal lamps at or near the front are so
constructed (double-faced) and so located that they meet the
requirements for double-faced turn signals specified in SAE Standard
J588e, Turn Signal Lamps, September 1970.
S5.1.1.2 A truck tractor need not be equipped with any rear side
marker devices, rear clearance lamps, and rear identification lamps.
S5.1.1.3 Intermediate side marker devices are not required on
vehicles less than 30 feet in overall length.
S5.1.1.4 Reflective material conforming to Federal Specification L-
S-300, Sheeting and Tape, Reflective; Non-exposed Lens, Adhesive
Backing, September 7, 1965, may be used for side reflex reflectors if
this material as used on the vehicle, meets the performance standards in
either Table I or Table IA of SAE Standard J594f, Reflex Reflectors,
January 1977.
S5.1.1.5 The turn signal operating unit on each passenger car, and
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus less than 80 inches in
overall width shall be self-canceling by steering wheel rotation and
capable of cancellation by a manually operated control.
S5.1.1.6 Instead of the photometric values specified in Table 1 of
SAE Standards J222 December 1970, or J585e September 1977, a parking
lamp or tail lamp, respectively, shall meet the minimum percentage
specified in Figure 1a of the corresponding minimum allowable value
specified in Figure 1b. The maximum candlepower output of a parking lamp
shall not exceed that prescribed in Figure 1b, or of a taillamp, that
prescribed in Figure 1b at H or above. If the sum of the percentages of
the minimum candlepower measured at the test points is not less than
that specified for each group listed in Figure 1c, a parking lamp or
taillamp is not required to meet the minimum photometric value at each
test point specified in SAE Standards J222 or J585e respectively.
S5.1.1.7 A motorcycle turn signal lamp need meet only one-half of
the minimum photometric values specified in Table 1 and Table 3 of SAE
J588 NOV84 Turn Signal Lamps.
S5.1.1.8 For each motor vehicle less than 30 feet in overall length,
the photometric minimum candlepower requirements for side marker lamps
specified in SAE Standard J592e Clearance, Side Marker, and
Identification Lamps, July 1972, may be met for all inboard test points
at a distance of 15 feet from the vehicle and on a vertical plane that
is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and located
midway between the front and rear side marker lamps.
S5.1.1.9 A boat trailer whose overall width is 80 inches or more
need not be equipped with both front and rear clearance lamps provided
an amber (to front) and red (to rear) clearance lamp is located at or
near the midpoint on each side so as to indicate its extreme width.
[[Page 292]]
S5.1.1.10 Multiple license plate lamps and backup lamps may be used
to fufill the requirements of the SAE Standards applicable to such lamps
referenced in Tables I and III.
S5.1.1.11 A stop lamp that is not optically combined, as defined by
SAE Information Report J387 Terminology--Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87,
with a turn signal lamp, shall remain activated when the turn signal
lamp is flashing.
S5.1.1.12 On a motor vehicle, except a passenger car, whose overall
width is 2032 mm. (80 inches) or more, measurements of the effective
projected luminous lens area, and of the photometrics of a multiple
compartment stop lamp and a multiple compartment turn signal lamp, shall
be made for the entire lamp and not for the individual compartments.
S5.1.1.13 Each passenger car, and each multipurpose passenger
vehicle, truck, and bus of less than 80 inches overall width, shall be
equipped with a turn signal operating unit designed to complete a
durability test of 100,000 cycles.
S5.1.1.14 A trailer that is less than 30 inches in overall width may
be equipped with only one taillamp, stop lamp, and rear reflex
reflector, which shall be located at or near its vertical centerline.
S5.1.1.15 A trailer that is less than 6 feet in overall length,
including the trailer tongue, need not be equipped with front side
marker lamps and front side reflex reflectors.
S5.1.1.16 A lamp designed to use a type of bulb that has not been
assigned a mean spherical candlepower rating by its manufacturer and is
not listed in SAE Standard J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed Units, December
1968, shall meet the applicable requirements of this standard when used
with any bulb of the type specified by the lamp manufacturer, operated
at the bulb's design voltage. A lamp that contains a sealed-in bulb
shall meet these requirements with the bulb operated at the bulb's
design voltage.
S5.1.1.17 Except for a lamp having a sealed-in bulb, a lamp shall
meet the applicable requirements of this standard when tested with a
bulb whose filament is positioned within .010 inch
of the nominal design position specified in SAE Standard J573d, Lamp
Bulbs and Sealed Units, December 1968, or specified by the bulb
manufacturer.
S5.1.1.18 A backup lamp is not required to meet the minimum
photometric values at each test point specified in Table I of SAE
Standard J593c, Backup Lamps, February 1968, if the sum of the
candlepower measured at the test points within each group listed in
Figure 2 is not less than the group totals specified in that figure.
S5.1.1.19 Each variable load turn signal flasher shall comply with
voltage drop and durability requirements of SAE Standard J590b, Turn
Signal Flashers, October 1965 with the maximum design load connected,
and shall comply with starting time, flash rate, and percent current
``on'' time requirements of J590b both with the minimum and with the
maximum design load connected.
S5.1.1.20 The lowest voltage drop for turn signal flashers and
hazard warning signal flashers measured between the input and load
terminals shall not exceed 0.8 volt.
S5.1.1.21 A motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is
30 mph or less need not be equipped with turn signal lamps.
S5.1.1.22 A motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is
30 mph or less may be equipped with a stop lamp whose effective
projected luminous lens area is not less than 3\1/2\ square inches and
whose photometric output for the groups of test points specified in
Figure 1 is at least one-half of the minimum values set forth in that
figure.
S5.1.1.23-24 [Reserved]
S5.1.1.25 Each turn signal lamp on a motorcycle shall have an
effective projected luminous lens area of not less than 2258 square mm.
(3\1/2\ square inches).
S5.1.1.26 On a motor vehicle whose overall width is less than 80
inches:
(a) The effective projected luminous lens area of a single
compartment stop lamp, and a single compartment rear turn signal lamp,
shall be not less than 50 square centimeters (7\3/4\ square inches).
(b) If a multiple compartment lamp or multiple lamps are used to
meet the
[[Page 293]]
photometric requirements for stop lamps and rear turn signal lamps, the
effective projected luminous lens area of each compartment or lamp shall
be at least 22 square centimeters, provided the combined area is at
least 50 square centimeters (7\3/4\ square inches).
S5.1.1.27 (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section,
each passenger car manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, and each
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus, whose overall width is
less than 80 inches, whose GVWR is 10,000 pounds or less, manufactured
on or after September 1, 1993, shall be equipped with a high-mounted
stop lamp which:
(1) Shall have an effective projected luminous lens area not less
than 2903 square mm. (4\1/2\ square inches).
(2) Shall meet the visibility requirements specified in S5.3.2(c).
(3) Shall have the minimum photometric values in the amount and
location listed in Figure 10.
(4) Need not meet the requirements of paragraphs 3.1.6 Moisture
Test, 3.1.7 Dust Test, and 3.1.8 Corrosion Test of SAE Recommended
Practice J186a, Supplemental High-Mounted Stop and Rear Turn Signal
Lamps, September 1977, if it is mounted inside the vehicle.
(5) Shall provide access for convenient replacement of the bulb
without the use of special tools.
(b) Each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus whose overall
width is less than 80 inches, whose GVWR is 10,000 pounds or less, whose
vertical centerline, when the vehicle is viewed from the rear, is not
located on a fixed body panel but separates one or two movable body
sections, such as doors, which lacks sufficient space to install a
single high-mounted stop lamp on the centerline above such body
sections, and which is manufactured on or after September 1, 1993, shall
have two high-mounted stop lamps which:
(1) Are identical in size and shape and have an effective projected
luminous lens area not less than 1452 square mm. (2\1/4\ square inches)
each.
(2) Shall meet the visibility requirements specified in S5.3.2(d).
(3) Together have the minimum photometric values specified in
paragraph (a)(3) of this S5.1.1.27.
(4) Shall provide access for convenient replacement of the bulbs
without special tools.
S5.1.1.28 [Reserved]
S5.1.1.29 A trailer equipped with a conspicuity treatment in
conformance with paragraph S5.7 of this standard need not be equipped
with the reflex reflectors required by Table I of this standard if the
conspicuity material is placed at the locations of the reflex reflectors
required by Table I.
S5.1.2 Plastic materials used for optical parts such as lenses and
reflectors shall conform to SAE Recommended Practice J576 JUL91, except
that:
(a) Plastic lenses (other than those incorporating reflex
reflectors) used for inner lenses or those covered by another material
and not exposed directly to sunlight shall meet the requirements of
paragraphs 3.3 and 4.2 of SAE J576 JUL91 when covered by the outer lens
or other material;
(b) After the outdoor exposure test, the haze and loss of surface
luster of plastic materials (other than those incorporating reflex
reflectors) used for outer lenses shall not be greater than 30 percent
haze as measured by ASTM D 1003-92, Haze and Luminous Transmittance of
Transparent Plastic;
(c) After the outdoor exposure test, plastic materials used for
reflex reflectors and for lenses used in front of reflex reflectors
shall not show surface deterioration, crazing, dimensional changes,
color bleeding, delamination, loss of surface luster, or haze that
exceeds 7 percent as measured under ASTM D 1003-92.
(d) The thickness of the test specimens specified in paragraph 3.2.2
of SAE J576 JUL91 may vary by as much as 0.25 mm.
(e) After exposure to the heat test as specified in subparagraph (f)
of this paragraph, and after cooling to room ambient temperature, a test
specimen shall show no change in shape and general appearance
discernable to the naked eye when compared with an unexposed specimen.
The trichromatic coefficients of the samples shall conform to the
requirements of SAE J578c, Color Specification for Electric Signal
Lighting Devices, February 1977.
(f) Two samples of each thickness of each plastic material are used
in the
[[Page 294]]
heat test. Each sample is supported at the bottom, with at least 51 mm.
of the sample above the support, in the vertical position in such a
manner that, on each side, the minimum uninterrupted area of exposed
surface is not less than 3225 sq. mm. The samples are placed for two
hours in a circulating air oven at 79 3 degrees C.
(g) All outdoor exposure tests shall be 3 years in duration, whether
the material is exposed or protected. Accelerated weathering procedures
are not permitted.
S5.1.3 No additional lamp, reflective device or other motor vehicle
equipment shall be installed that impairs the effectiveness of lighting
equipment required by this standard.
5.1.4 Except for multifunction school activity buses, each school
bus shall be equipped with a system of either:
(a) Four red signal lamps designed to conform to SAE Standard J887,
School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and installed in accordance with
that standard; or
(b) Four red signal lamps designed to conform to SAE Standard J887,
School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and four amber signal lamps
designed to conform to that standard, except for their color, and except
that their candlepower shall be at least 2\1/2\ times that specified for
red signal lamps. Both red and amber lamps shall be installed in
accordance with SAE Standard J887, except that:
(i) Each amber signal lamp shall be located near each red signal
lamp, at the same level, but closer to the vertical centerline of the
bus; and
(ii) The system shall be wired so that the amber signal lamps are
activated only by manual or foot operation, and if activated, are
automatically deactivated and the red signal lamps automatically
activated when the bus entrance door is opened.
S5.1.5 The color in all lamps, reflective devices, and associated
equipment to which this standard applies shall comply with SAE Standard
J578c, Color Specification for Electric Signal Lighting Devices,
February 1977.
S5.2 Other requirements.
S5.2.1 The words ``it is recommended that,'' ``recommendations,'' or
``should be'' appearing in any SAE Standard or Recommended Practice
referenced or subreferenced in this standard shall be read as setting
forth mandatory requirements, except that the aiming pads on the lens
face and the black area surrounding the signal lamp recommended in SAE
Standard J887, School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, are not required.
S5.2.2 The words ``Type 1 (5\3/4\),'' ``Type 2 (5\3/
4\),'' ``Type 2 (7),'' ``Type 1A,'' ``Type 2A,''
and ``Type 2B'' appearing in any SAE Standard or Recommended Practice
referenced or subreferenced in this standard shall also be read as
setting forth requirements respectively for the following types of
headlamps: 1C1, 2C1, 2D1, 1A1, 2A1, and 2B1.
S5.3 Location of required equipment. Except as provided in
paragraphs S5.3.2, S5.7, and S7, each lamp, reflective device, and item
of associated equipment shall be securely mounted on a rigid part of the
vehicle other than glazing that is not designed to be removed except for
repair, in accordance with the requirements of Table I and Table III, as
applicable, and in the location specified in Table II (multipurpose
passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, and buses 80 or more inches in
overall width) or Table IV (all passenger cars, and motorcycles, and
multipurpose passenger vehicles, truck, trailers and buses less than 80
inches in overall width), as applicable.
S5.3.1 [Reserved]
S5.3.1.1 [Reserved]
S5.3.1.1.1 [Reserved]
S5.3.1.2 On a truck tractor, the red rear reflex reflectors may be
mounted on the back of the cab, at a minimum height not less than 4
inches above the height of the rear tires.
S5.3.1.3 On a trailer, the amber front side reflex reflectors and
amber front side marker lamps may be located as far forward as
practicable exclusive of the trailer tongue.
S5.3.1.4 When the rear identification lamps are mounted at the
extreme height of a vehicle, rear clearance lamps need not meet the
requirement of Table II that they be located as close as practicable to
the top of the vehicle.
S5.3.1.5 [Reserved]
[[Page 295]]
S5.3.1.6 On a truck tractor, clearance lamps mounted on the cab may
be located to indicate the width of the cab, rather than the overall
width of the vehicle.
S5.3.1.7 On a motor vehicle on which the front turn signal lamp is
less than 100 mm from the lighted edge of a lower beam headlamp, as
measured from the optical center of the turn signal lamp, the multiplier
applied to obtain the required minimum luminous intensities shall be
2.5.
S5.3.1.8 (a) Each high-mounted stop lamp installed in or on a
vehicle subject to S5.1.1.27(a) shall be located as follows:
(1) With its center at any place on the vertical centerline of the
vehicle, including the glazing, as the vehicle is viewed from the rear.
(2) If the lamp is mounted below the rear window, no portion of the
lens shall be lower than 6 inches below the rear window on convertibles,
or 3 inches on other passenger cars.
(3) If the lamp is mounted inside the vehicle, means shall be
provided to minimize reflections from the light of the lamp upon the
rear window glazing that might be visible to the driver when viewed
directly, or indirectly in the rearview mirror.
(b) The high-mounted stop lamps installed in or on a vehicle subject
to S5.1.1.27(b) shall be located at the same height, with one vertical
edge of each lamp on the vertical edge of the body section nearest the
vertical centerline.
S5.3.2 Except as provided in S5.3.2.1 through S5.3.2.4 and in
paragraphs S5.7 and S7, each vehicle must conform to the following
requirements:
(a) Each lamp and reflective device must be installed in a location
where it complies with all applicable photometric requirements and
visibility requirements, with all obstructions (e.g., mirrors, snow
plows, wrecker booms, backhoes, and winches) installed on the vehicle.
(b) A manufacturer must certify compliance of each lamp to one of
the following visibility requirement options, and it may not thereafter
choose a different option for that vehicle:
(1) When a vehicle is equipped with any lamp listed in Figure 19 of
this standard, each such lamp must provide not less than 12.5 square
centimeters of unobstructed effective projected luminous lens area in
any direction throughout the pattern defined by the corner points
specified in Figure 19 for each such lamp; or
(2) When a vehicle is equipped with any lamp listed in Figure 20 of
this standard, each such lamp must provide a luminous intensity not less
than that specified in Figure 20 in any direction throughout the pattern
defined by the corner points specified in Figure 20 for each such lamp.
The luminous intensity must be measured in accordance with the
photometry test requirements of the applicable SAE Standards and
Recommended Practices incorporated by reference or subreference in this
standard.
(c) A high mounted stop lamp must have a signal visible to the rear
through a horizontal angle from 45 degrees to the left to 45 degrees to
the right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
(d) High mounted stop lamps required to comply with S5.1.1.27(b)
must together have a signal to the rear as specified in S5.3.2(c).
(e) Backup lamps must be mounted on the rear so that the optical
center of at least one lamp is visible from any eye point elevation from
at least 1828 mm (6 ft) to 610 mm (2 ft) above the horizontal plane on
which the vehicle is standing; and from any position in the area,
rearward of a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle, 914 mm (3 ft) to the rear of the vehicle and extending 914
mm (3 ft) beyond each side of the vehicle.
S5.3.2.1 Clearance lamps may be located at a location other than on
the front and rear if necessary to indicate the overall width of a
vehicle, or for protection from damage during normal operation of the
vehicle, and at such a location they need not meet the photometric
output at any test point that is 45 degrees inboard.
S5.3.2.2 If any required lamp or reflective device is obstructed by
motor vehicle equipment (e.g., mirrors, snow plows, wrecker booms,
backhoes, winches, etc.), and cannot meet requirements of S5.3.2, the
vehicle must be equipped with an additional lamp or device of the same
type which meet all
[[Page 296]]
applicable requirements of this standard, including S5.3.2.
S5.3.2.3 For signal lamps and reflective devices mounted less than
750 mm above the road surface as measured to the lamp axis of reference,
the vertical test point angles located below the horizontal plane
subject to photometric and visibility requirements of this standard may
be reduced to 5 degrees.
S5.3.2.4 As an alternative to S5.3.2(b), each passenger car and
motorcycle, and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, trailer and
bus that is of less than 2032 mm overall width, that are manufactured on
or before September 1, 2011, and each multipurpose passenger vehicle,
truck, trailer and bus of 2032 mm or more overall width that is
manufactured on or before September 1, 2014, must have each lamp located
so that it meets the visibility requirements specified in any applicable
SAE Standard or Recommended Practice.
S5.4 Equipment combinations. Two or more lamps, reflective devices,
or items of associated equipment may be combined if the requirements for
each lamp, reflective device, and item of associated equipment are met,
with the following exceptions:
(a) No high-mounted stop lamp shall be combined with any other lamp
or reflective device, other than with a cargo lamp.
(b) No high-mounted stop lamp shall be combined optically, as
defined by SAE Information Report J387 Terminology--Motor Vehicle
Lighting NOV87, with any cargo lamp.
(c) No clearance lamp shall be combined optically, as defined by SAE
Information Report J387 Terminology--Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, with
any taillamp.
S5.5 Special wiring requirements.
S.5.5.1 Each vehicle shall have a means of switching between lower
and upper beams that conforms to SAE Recommended Practice J564a Headlamp
Beam Switching, April 1964 or to SAE Recommended Practice J565b, Semi-
Automatic Headlamp Beam Switching Devices, February 1969. Except as
provided in S5.5.8, the lower and upper beams shall not be energized
simultaneously except momentarily for temporary signalling purposes or
during switching between beams.
S5.5.2 Each vehicle shall have a means for indicating to the driver
when the upper beams of the headlamps are on that conforms to SAE
Recommended Practice J564a, April 1964, except that the signal color
need not be red.
S5.5.3 The taillamps on each vehicle shall be activated when the
headlamps are activated in a steady-burning state, but need not be
activated if the headlamps are activated at less than full intensity as
permitted by paragraph S5.5.11(a).
S5.5.4 The stop lamps on each vehicle shall be activated upon
application of the service brakes. The high-mounted stop lamp on each
vehicle shall be activated only upon application of the service brakes.
S5.5.5 The vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit on each
vehicle shall operate independently of the ignition or equivalent
switch, and when activated, shall cause to flash simultaneously
sufficient turn signal lamps to meet, as a minimum, the turn signal lamp
photometric requirements of this standard.
S5.5.6 Each vehicle equipped with a turn signal operating unit shall
also have an illuminated pilot indicator. Failure of one or more turn
signal lamps to operate shall be indicated in accordance with SAE
Standard J588e, Turn Signal Lamps, September 1970, except when a
variable-load turn signal flasher is used on a truck, bus, or
multipurpose passenger vehicle 80 or more inches in overall width, on a
truck that is capable of accommodating a slide-in camper, or on any
vehicle equipped to tow trailers.
S5.5.7 On each passenger car and motorcycle, and on each
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus of less than 80 inches
overall width:
(a) When the parking lamps are activated, the taillamps, license
plate lamps, and side marker lamps shall also be activated; and
(b) When the headlamps are activated in a steady-burning state, the
tail lamps, parking lamps, license plate lamps and side marker lamps
shall also be activated.
[[Page 297]]
S5.5.8 On a motor vehicle equipped with a headlighting system
designed to conform to the photometric requirements of Figure 15-1 or
Figure 15-2, the lamps marked ``L'' or ``LF'' may be wired to remain
permanently activated when the lamps marked ``U'' or ``UF'' are
activated. On a motor vehicle equipped with an Integral Beam
headlighting system meeting the photometric requirements of paragraph
S7.4(a)(1)(ii), the lower beam headlamps shall be wired to remain
permanently activated when the upper beam headlamps are activated. On a
motor vehicle equipped with a headlighting system designed to conform to
the requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2, a lower beam light
source may be wired to remain activated when an upper beam light source
is activated if the lower beam light source contributes to compliance of
the headlighting system with the upper beam requirements of Figure 17-1
or Figure 17-2.
S5.5.9 Except as provided in section S5.5.8, the wiring harness or
connector assembly of each headlamp system shall be designed so that
only those light sources intended for meeting lower beam photometrics
are energized when the beam selector switch is in the lower beam
position, and that only those light sources intended for meeting upper
beam photometrics are energized when the beam selector switch is in the
upper beam position.
S5.5.10 The wiring requirements for lighting equipment in use are:
(a) Turn signal lamps, hazard warning signal lamps, and school bus
warning lamps shall be wired to flash;
(b) Headlamps and side marker lamps may be wired to flash for
signaling purposes;
(c) A motorcycle headlamp may be wired to allow either its upper
beam or its lower beam, but not both, to modulate from a higher
intensity to a lower intensity in accordance with section S5.6;
(d) All other lamps shall be wired to be steady-burning.
S5.5.11(a) Any pair of lamps on the front of a passenger car,
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus, whether or not required
by this standard, other than parking lamps or fog lamps, may be wired to
be automatically activated, as determined by the manufacturer of the
vehicle, in a steady burning state as daytime running lamps (DRLs) and
to be automatically deactivated when the headlamp control is in any
``on'' position, and as otherwise determined by the manufacturer of the
vehicle, provided that each such lamp:
(1) Has a luminous intensity not less than 500 candela at test point
H-V, nor more than 3,000 candela at any location in the beam, when
tested in accordance with Section S11 of this standard, unless it is:
(i) A lower beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL at full
voltage, or at a voltage lower than used to operate it as a lower beam
headlamp; or
(ii) An upper beam headlamp intended to operate as a DRL, whose
luminous intensity at test point H-V is not more than 7,000 candela, and
which is mounted not higher than 864 mm above the road surface as
measured from the center of the lamp with the vehicle at curb weight;
(2) Is permanently marked ``DRL'' on its lens in letters not less
than 3 mm high, unless it is optically combined with a headlamp;
(3) Is designed to provide the same color as the other lamp in the
pair, and that is one of the following colors as defined in SAE Standard
J578 MAY88: White, white to yellow, white to selective yellow, selective
yellow, or yellow;
(4) If not optically combined with a turn signal lamp, is located so
that the distance from its lighted edge to the optical center of the
nearest turn signal lamp is not less than 100 mm, unless:
(i) The luminous intensity of the DRL is not more than 2,600 candela
at any location in the beam and the turn signal meets the requirements
of S5.3.1.7; or
(ii) (For a passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or
bus that is manufactured before October 1, 1995, and which uses an upper
beam headlamp as a DRL as specified in paragraph S5.5.11(a)(1)(ii)) the
luminous intensity of the DRL is greater than 2,600 candela at any
location in the beam and the turn signal lamp meets the requirements of
S5.3.1.7; or
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(iii) The DRL is optically combined with a lower beam headlamp and
the turn signal lamp meets the requirements of S5.3.1.7; or
(iv) The DRL is deactivated when the turn signal or hazard warning
signal lamp is activated.
(5) If optically combined with a turn signal lamp, is automatically
deactivated as a DRL when the turn signal lamp or hazard warning lamp is
activated, and automatically reactivated as a DRL when the turn signal
lamp or hazard warning lamp is deactivated.
(b) Any pair of lamps that are not required by this standard and are
not optically combined with any lamps that are required by this
standard, and which are used as DRLs to fulfill the specifications of
S5.5.11(a), shall be mounted at the same height, which shall be not more
than 1.067 m above the road surface measured from the center of the lamp
on the vehicle at curb weight, and shall be symmetrically disposed about
the vertical centerline of the vehicle.
S5.6 [Reserved]
S5.7 Conspicuity Systems. Each trailer of 80 or more inches overall
width, and with a GVWR over 10,000 lbs., manufactured on or after
December 1, 1993, except a trailer designed exclusively for living or
office use, and each truck tractor manufactured on or after July 1,
1997, shall be equipped with either retroreflective sheeting that meets
the requirements of S5.7.1, reflex reflectors that meet the requirements
of S5.7.2, or a combination of retroreflective sheeting and reflex
reflectors that meet the requirement of S5.7.3.
S5.7.1 Retroreflective sheeting. Each trailer or truck tractor to
which S5.7 applies that does not conform to S5.7.2 or S5.7.3 shall be
equipped with retroreflective sheeting that conforms to the requirements
specified in S5.7.1.1 through S5.7.1.5.
S5.7.1.1 Construction. Retroreflective sheeting shall consist of a
smooth, flat, transparent exterior film with retroreflective elements
embedded or suspended beneath the film so as to form a non-exposed
retroreflective optical system.
S5.7.1.2 Performance requirements. Retroreflective sheeting shall
meet the requirements of ASTM D 4956-90, Standard Specification for
Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control, for Type V Sheeting,
except for the photometric requirements, and shall meet the minimum
photometric performance requirements specified in Figure 29.
S5.7.1.3 Sheeting pattern, dimensions, and relative coefficients of
retroreflection.
(a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied in a pattern of
alternating white and red color segments to the sides and rear of each
trailer, and to the rear of each truck tractor, and in white to the
upper rear corners of each trailer and truck tractor, in the locations
specified in S5.7.1.4, and Figures 30-1 through 30-4, or Figure 31, as
appropriate.
(b) Except for a segment that is trimmed to clear obstructions, or
lengthened to provide red sheeting near red lamps, each white or red
segment shall have a length of 300 mm 150 mm.
(c) Neither white nor red sheeting shall represent more than two
thirds of the aggregate of any continuous strip marking the width of a
trailer, or any continuous or broken strip marking its length.
(d) Retroreflective sheeting shall have a width of not less than 50
mm (Grade DOT-C2), 75 mm (Grade DOT-C3), or 100 mm (Grade DOT-C4).
(e) The coefficients for retroreflection of each segment of red or
white sheeting shall be not less than the minimum values specified in
Figure 29 of this standard for grades DOT-C2, DOT-C3, and DOT-C4.
S5.7.1.4 Location. (a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied to
each trailer and truck tractor as specified below, but need not be
applied to discontinuous surfaces such as outside ribs, stake post
pickets on platform trailers, and external protruding beams, or to items
of equipment such as door hinges and lamp bodies on trailers and body
joints, stiffening beads, drip rails and rolled surfaces on truck
tractors.
(b) The edge of white sheeting shall not be located closer than 75
mm to the edge of the luminous lens area of any red or amber lamp that
is required by this standard.
(c) The edge of red sheeting shall not be located closer than 75 mm
to the edge of the luminous lens area of any
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amber lamp that is required by this standard.
S5.7.1.4.1 Rear of trailers. Retroreflective sheeting shall be
applied to the rear of each trailer as follows, except that Element 2 is
not required for container chassis or for platform trailers without
bulkheads, and Element 3 is not required for trailers without underride
protection devices:
(a) Element 1: A strip of sheeting, as horizontal as practicable, in
alternating colors across the full width of the trailer, as close to the
extreme edges as practicable, and as close as practicable to not less
than 375 mm and not more than 1525 mm above the road surface at the
stripe centerline with the trailer at curb weight.
(b) Element 2: Two pairs of white strips of sheeting, each pair
consisting of strips 300 mm long of grade DOT-C2, DOT-C3, or DOT-C4,
applied horizontally and vertically to the right and left upper contours
of the body, as viewed from the rear, as close to the top of the trailer
and as far apart as practicable. If the perimeter of the body, as viewed
from the rear, is other than rectangular, the strips may be applied
along the perimeter, as close as practicable to the uppermost and
outermost areas of the rear of the body on the left and right sides.
(c) Element 3: A strip of sheeting in alternating colors across the
full width of the horizontal member of the rear underride protection
device. Grade DOT-C2 material not less than 38 mm wide may be used.
S5.7.1.4.2 Side of trailers. Retroreflective sheeting shall be
applied to each side of a trailer as follows:
(a) A strip of sheeting, as horizontal as practicable, in
alternating colors, originating and terminating as close to the front
and rear as practicable, as close as practicable to not less than 375 mm
and not more than 1525 mm above the road surface at the stripe
centerline with the trailer at curb weight, except that at the location
chosen the strip shall not be obscured in whole or in part by other
motor vehicle equipment or trailer cargo. The strip need not be
continuous as long as not less than half of the length of the trailer is
covered and the spaces are distributed as evenly as practicable.
(b) If necessary to clear rivet heads or other similar obstructions,
grade DOT-C2 retroreflective sheeting may be separated into two 25 mm
wide strips of the same length and color, separated by a space of not
more than 25 mm, and used in place of the retroreflective sheeting that
would otherwise be applied.
S5.7.1.4.3 Rear of truck tractors. Retroreflective sheeting shall be
applied to the rear of each truck tractor as follows:
(a) Element 1: Two strips of sheeting in alternating colors, each
not less than 600 mm long, located as close as practicable to the edges
of the rear fenders, mudflaps, or the mudflap support brackets, to mark
the width of the truck tractor. The strips shall be mounted as
horizontal as practicable, in a vertical plane facing the rear, on the
rear fenders, on the mudflap support brackets, on plates attached to the
mudflap support brackets, or on the mudflaps. Strips on mudflaps shall
be mounted not lower than 300 mm below the upper horizontal edge of the
mudflap. If the vehicle is certified with temporary mudflap support
brackets, the strips shall be mounted on the mudflaps or on plates
transferable to permanent mudflap support brackets. For a truck tractor
without mudflaps, the strips may be mounted outboard of the frame on
brackets behind the rear axle or on brackets ahead of the rear axle and
above the top of the tires at unladen vehicle height, or they may be
mounted directly or indirectly to the back of the cab as close to the
outer edges as practicable, above the top of the tires, and not more
than 1525 mm above the road surface at unladen vehicle height. If the
strips are mounted on the back of the cab, no more than 25 percent of
their cumulative area may be obscured by vehicle equipment as determined
in a rear orthogonal view.
(b) Element 2: Two pairs of white strips of sheeting, each pair
consisting of strips 300 mm long, applied as horizontally and vertically
as practicable, to the right and left upper contours of the cab, as
close to the top of the cab and as far apart as practicable. No
[[Page 300]]
more than 25 percent of their cumulative area may be obscured by vehicle
equipment as determined in a rear orthogonal view. If one pair must be
relocated to avoid obscuration by vehicle equipment, the other pair may
be relocated in order to be mounted symmetrically. If the rear window is
so large as to occupy all the practicable space, the material may be
attached to the edge of the window itself.
S5.7.1.5 Certification. The letters DOT-C2, DOT-C3, or DOT-C4, as
appropriate, constituting a certification that the retroreflective
sheeting conforms to the requirements of S5.7.1.2, shall appear at least
once on the exposed surface of each white or red segment of
retroreflective sheeting, and at least once every 300 mm on
retroreflective sheeting that is white only. The characters shall be not
less than 3 mm high, and shall be permanently stamped, etched, molded,
or printed in indelible ink.
S5.7.2 Reflex Reflectors. Each trailer or truck tractor to which
S5.7 applies that does not conform to S5.7.1 or S5.7.3 shall be equipped
with reflex reflectors in accordance with this section.
S5.7.2.1 (a) Each reflex reflector shall conform to SAE Standard
J594f, Reflex Reflectors, January 1977.
(b) Each red reflex reflector shall also provide, at an observation
angle of 0.2 degree, not less than 300 millicandelas/lux at any light
entrance angle between 30 degrees left and 30 degrees right, including
an entrance angle of 0 degree, and not less than 75 millicandelas/lux at
any light entrance angle between 45 degrees left and 45 degrees right.
(c) Each white reflex reflector shall also provide at an observation
angle of 0.2 degree, not less than 1250 millicandelas/lux at any light
entrance angle between 30 degrees left and 30 degrees right, including
an entrance angle of 0 degree, and not less than 300 millicandelas/lux
at any light entrance angle between 45 degrees left and 45 degrees
right.
(d) A white reflex reflector complying with S5.7.2.1(a) and (c) when
tested in a horizontal orientation may be installed in all orientations
specified for rear upper locations in S5.7.1.4.1(b) or S5.7.1.4.3(b) if,
when tested in a vertical orientation, it provides an observation angle
of 0.2 degree not less than 1680 millicandelas/lux at a light entrance
angle of 0 degree, not less than 1120 millicandelas/lux at any light
entrance angle from 10 degrees down to 10 degrees up, and not less than
560 millicandelas/lux at any light entrance angle from 20 degrees right
to 20 degrees left.
S5.7.2.2 Reflex reflectors shall be installed and located as
specified below:
(a) In the same locations and in the same length in which
retroreflective sheeting is required by S5.7.1.4 to be applied in
alternating colors, reflex reflectors shall be installed in a repetitive
pattern of two or three white reflex reflectors alternating with two or
three red reflex reflectors, with the center of each reflector not more
than 100 mm from the center of each adjacent reflector.
(b) In the same locations and in the same length in which white
retroreflective sheeting is required by S5.7.1.4 to be installed, white
reflex reflectors shall be installed, with the center of each white
reflex reflector not more than 100 mm from the center of each adjacent
reflector.
S5.7.2.3 Certification. The exposed surface of each reflex reflector
shall be marked with the letters DOT-C which constitutes a certification
that the reflector conforms to all applicable requirements of Sec.
571.108 of this part. The certification shall be not less than 3 mm
high, and permanently stamped, etched, molded or printed in indelible
ink.
S5.7.3 Combination of sheeting and reflectors. Each trailer or truck
tractor to which S5.7 applies that does not conform to S5.7.1 or S5.7.2,
shall be equipped with retroreflective materials that meet the
requirements of S5.7.1 except that reflex reflectors that meet the
requirements of S5.7.2.1, and that are installed in accordance with
S5.7.2.2, may be used instead of any corresponding element of
retroreflective sheeting located as required by S5.7.1.4.
S5.8 Replacement Equipment.
S5.8.1 Except as provided below, each lamp, reflective device, or
item of associated equipment manufactured to
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replace any lamp, reflective device, or item of associated equipment on
any vehicle to which this standard applies, shall be designed to conform
to this standard.
S5.8.2 A Type C replacement headlamp designed to conform to the
requirements of paragraph S7.3.2(a) through (d) of this standard may be
marked ``1'' and ``2'' rather than ``1C1'' and ``2C1'' respectively. A
Type D replacement headlamp designed to conform to S7.3.2(a) through (c)
and S7.3.5(b) of this standard may be marked ``TOP'' or ``2'' rather
than ``2D1''.
S5.8.3 (a) Each stop lamp manufactured to replace a stop lamp that
was designed to conform to SAE Standard J586b, Stop Lamps, June 1966,
may also be designed to conform to J586b. It shall meet the photometric
minimum candlepower requirements for Class A red turn signal lamps
specified in SAE Standard J575d, Test for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices
and Components, August 1967. Each such lamp manufactured for use on a
passenger car and on a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, trailer or
bus less than 2032 mm. (80 inches) in overall width shall have an
effective projected luminous lens area not less than 2258 square mm.
(3\1/2\ square inches). If multiple compartment lamps or multiple lamps
are used, the effective projected luminous lens area of each compartment
or lamp shall be not less than 2258 square mm. (3\1/2\ square inches);
however, the photometric requirements may be met by a combination of
compartments or lamps.
(b) Each stop lamp manufactured to replace a stop lamp that was
designed to conform to SAE Standard J586c, Stop Lamps, August 1970, may
also be designed to conform to J586c.
S5.8.4 (a) Each turn signal lamp manufactured to replace a turn
signal lamp that was designed to conform to SAE Standard J588d, Turn
Signal Lamps, June 1966, may also be designed to conform to J588d, and
shall meet the photometric minimum candlepower requirements for Class A
turn signal lamps specified in SAE Standard J575d, Tests for Motor
Vehicle Lighting Devices and Components, August 1967. Each such lamp
manufactured for use on a passenger car and on a multipurpose passenger
vehicle, truck, trailer or bus less than 80 inches in overall width
shall have an effective projected luminous area not less than 3\1/2\
square inches. If multiple compartment lamps or multiple lamps are used,
the effective projected luminous area of each compartment or lamp shall
be not less than 3\1/2\ square inches; however, the photometric
requirements may be met by a combination of compartments or lamps. Each
such lamp manufactured for use on a multipurpose passenger vehicle,
truck, trailer or bus 80 inches or more in overall width shall have an
effective projected luminous area not less than 12 square inches.
(b) Each turn signal lamp manufactured to replace a turn signal lamp
that was designed to conform to SAE Standard J588e, Turn Signal Lamps,
September 1970, may also be designed to conform to SAE Standard J588e.
S5.8.5 Note 6 of Table 1 of SAE Standard J588e does not apply.
S5.8.6. Instead of the photometric values specified in SAE Standards
J586c and J588e, a stop lamp manufactured to replace a stop lamp
designed to conform to SAE Standard J586c, or a turn signal lamp
manufactured to replace a turn signal lamp designed to conform to SAE
Standard J588e, shall meet the minimum percentage specified in Figure 1a
of the corresponding minimum allowable value specified in Figure 1b. The
maximum candlepower output of each such stop lamp or turn signal lamp
shall not exceed that prescribed in Figure 1b. If the sum of the
percentages of the minimum candlepower measured at the test points is
not less than that specified for each group listed in Figure 1c, a stop
lamp or turn signal lamp is not required to meet the minimum photometric
value at each test point specified in SAE Standards J586c and J588e,
respectively.
S5.8.7 Note 6 of Table 1 in SAE Standard J588e, Turn Signal Lamps,
September 1970, does not apply.
S5.8.8 Each taillamp manufactured to replace a taillamp designed to
conform to SAE Standard J585d, Tail Lamps, August 1970, may also be
designed to conform to J585d.
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S5.8.9 Each turn signal lamp manufactured to replace a turn signal
lamp (on a motorcycle) that was designed to conform to SAE Standard
J588d, Turn Signal Lamps, June 1966, may also be designed to conform to
J588d.
S5.8.10 Unless otherwise specified in this standard, each lamp,
reflective device, or item of associated equipment to which paragraph
S5.8.1 applies may be labeled with the symbol DOT, which shall
constitute a certification that it conforms to applicable Federal motor
vehicle safety standards.
S5.8.11 A replacement lens for a replaceable bulb headlamp or an
integral beam headlamp that is not required to have a bonded lens shall
be provided with a replacement seal in a package that includes
instructions for the removal and replacement of the lens, the cleaning
of the reflector, and the sealing of the replacement lens to the
reflector assembly.
S6. Subreferenced SAE Standards and Recommended Practices
S6.1 SAE Standards and Recommended Practices subreferenced by the
SAE Standards and Recommended Practices included in Tables I and III and
paragraphs S5.1.4 and S5.5.1 are those published in the 1970 edition of
the SAE Handbook, except that the SAE standard referred to as ``J575''
is J575e, Tests for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices and Components,
August 1970, for stoplamps designed to conform to SAE Standards J586c,
J586 FEB84, and J1398 MAY85; for taillamps designed to conform to SAE
Standards J585d and J585e; for turn signal lamps designed to conform to
SAE Standards J588e, J588 NOV84, and J1395 APR85; and for high-mounted
stoplamps designed to conform to SAE Recommended Practice J186a. The
reference in J585e to J256 does not apply. For headlamps other than
motorcycle headlamps, unless otherwise specified in this standard, the
version of SAE Standard J575 is DEC88, and the version of SAE Standard
J602 is OCT80.The definition of ``optically combined'' in SAE
Information Report J387 Terminology--Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87,
applies to that term as used in J586c and J588e.
S6.2 Requirements of SAE Standards incorporated by reference in this
standard, other than J576b and J576c, do not include test for warpage of
devices with plastic lenses.
S6.3 The term ``functional lighted lens area'' in any SAE Standard
or Recommended Practice incorporated by reference or by subreference in
this standard, has the same meaning as the term ``effective projected
luminous lens area.''
S7. Headlighting requirements.
S7.1 Each passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and
bus manufactured on or after September 1, 1994, shall be equipped with a
headlighting system designed to conform to the requirements of S7.3,
S7.4, S7.5, or S7.6.
S7.2(a) The lens of each original and replacement equipment
headlamp, and of each original equipment and replacement equipment beam
contributor shall be marked with the symbol ``DOT'' either horizontally
or vertically which shall constitute the certification required by 49
U.S.C. 30115.
(b) The lens of each headlamp and of each beam contributor
manufactured on or after December 1, 1989, to which paragraph (a) of
this section applies shall be marked with the name and/or trademark
registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office of the manufacturer
of such headlamp or beam contributor, or its importer, or any
manufacturer of a vehicle equipped with such headlamp or beam
contributor. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to authorize
the marking of any such name and/or trademark by one who is not the
owner, unless the owner has consented to it.
(c) Each headlamp and beam contributor to which paragraph (a) of
this section applies shall be marked with its voltage and with its part
or trade number.
(d) Unless stated otherwise, a tolerance of \1/4\ degree is permitted during photometric performance
tests for any headlamp or beam contributor, and the test points 10U-90U
shall be measured from the normally exposed surface of the lens face.
The term `aiming plane' means `aiming reference plane' or an appropriate
vertical plane defined by the manufacturer as required in S7.7.1.
(e) Each replacement headlamp lens with seal, provided in accordance
with
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S5.8.11, when installed according to the lens manufacturer's
instructions on an integral beam or replaceable bulb headlamp, shall not
cause the headlamp to fail to comply with any of the requirements of
this standard. Each replacement headlamp lens shall be marked with the
symbol ``DOT'', either horizontally or vertically, to constitute
certification. Each replacement headlamp lens shall also be marked with
the manufacturer and the part or trade number of the headlamp for which
it is intended, and with the name and/or trademark of the lens
manufacturer or importer that is registered with the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to
authorize the marking of any such name and/or trademark by one who is
not the owner, unless the owner has consented to it.
S7.3 Sealed beam headlighting system. A sealed beam headlighting
system shall be designed to meet the requirements of one of the
following subparagraphs of S7.3.2 through S7.3.9. In references to
Figures in SAE J1383 APR85 for headlamp dimensional requirements, only
those dimensions marked ``I'' for interchangeability are applicable.
S7.3.1 The lens of each sealed beam headlamp designed to conform to
S7.3.2 through S7.3.6 shall be marked according to paragraph 5.4.3
through 5.4.5 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for
Motor Vehicle Headlamps.
S7.3.2 Type A headlighting system. A Type A headlighting system
consists of two Type 1A1 and two Type 2A1 headlamps and associated
hardware, which are designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor
Vehicle Headlamps, with the following exceptions:
(1) Paragraphs 1, 2.1.2, 2.8.2, 3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.4, 4.6,
4.8 through 4.18, 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.1.5, 5.1.7 through 5.1.16, 5.2.2,
5.3.5, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, and 6 through 6.4 do not apply.
(2) In paragraph 5.3.2, the words ``and retaining rings'' are
omitted.
(3) In paragraphs 4.5.2 and 5.1.6, the words ``Figure 28-1 or 28-2
of Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108'' are substituted for ``Table
3.''
(b) SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly (except
paragraphs 3, 4.1.1, 5.1.1.1, 5.1.2.3, and the second sentence of
5.1.6); in 5.2.1, delete the words ``and retaining rings;'' the correct
reference is SAE J1383 Figures 6, 9, 12 and 14.
(c) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than
filaments, visible without magnification.
(d) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): Single
filament headlamp, 55 watts on the upper beam; dual filament headlamp,
43 watts on the upper beam and 65 watts on the lower beam.
S7.3.3 Type B headlighting system. A Type B headlighting system
consists of two Type 2B1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are
designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) The requirements of paragraph S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except
that the words ``Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2'' are substituted for
``Table 3'' in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).
(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on
the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.
S7.3.4 Type C headlighting system. A Type C headlighting system
consists of two Type 1C1 and two Type 2C1 headlamps and associated
hardware, which are designed to conform to the requirements of paragraph
S7.3.2 (a) through (d), except that the words ``Figure 28-1 or Figure
28-2'' are substituted for ``Table 3'' in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).
S7.3.5 Type D headlighting system. (a) A Type D headlighting system
consists of two Type 2D1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are
designed to conform to the requirements of paragraph S7.3.2 (a) through
(c), except that the words ``Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-1'' are
substituted for ``Table 3'' in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).
(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 65 watts on
upper beam, and 55 watts on lower beam.
S7.3.6 Type E headlighting system. (a) A Type E headlighting system
consists
[[Page 304]]
of two Type 2E1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are designed to
conform to the requirements of paragraph S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except
that the words ``Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-1'' are substituted for
``Table 3'' in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).
(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on
upper beam, and 60 watts on lower beam.
S7.3.7 Type F headlighting system. A Type F headlighting system
consists of two Type UF and two Type LF headlamps and associated
hardware, which are designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 as appropriate.
(b) The photometric requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 of
this standard. A reaim tolerance of \1/4\ degree
is allowed for any test point on the Type LF lamp when tested alone, but
is not allowed on the Type UF lamp when tested alone. For the test point
10U-90U, measurement shall be from the normally exposed surface of the
lens face.
(c) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor
Vehicle Headlamps, Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 4.1, 4.1.4, and 5.1.4.
(d) When tested in accordance with section (c), the mounted assembly
(either Type UF or Type LF headlamps, respective mounting ring, aiming
ring, and aim adjustment mechanism) shall be designed to conform to the
requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 for upper or lower beams
respectively without reaim when any conforming Type UF or LF headlamp is
tested and replaced by another conforming headlamp of the same Type.
(e) SAE J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly with the following
exceptions:
(1) Section 2.2 Mounting Ring reads: ``the adjustable ring upon
which the sealed beam unit is mounted and which forces the sealed beam
unit to seat against the aiming ring when assembled into a sealed beam
assembly.''
(2) The definition ``2.3 Aiming Ring'' reads: ``The clamping ring
that retains the sealed beam unit against the mounting ring, and that
provides an interface between the unit's aiming/seating pads and the
headlamp aimer adapter (locating plate).''
(3) Section 4.1.1 Vibration Test does not apply.
(4) Sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.2.3 do not apply.
(5) Section 5.1.2.1 reads: ``When the headlamp assembly is tested in
the laboratory, a minimum aiming adjustment of 2.5
degrees shall be provided in the horizontal plane and 4 degrees in the vertical plane.''
(6) Section 5.1.2.2 concludes: ``* * * through an angle of 2.5 degrees and 4 degrees
respectively.''
(7) Section 5.1.6 is retitled ``Retaining Ring/Aiming Ring Tests''.
The phrase ``92x150 mm * * * 0.340 in (8.6 mm)'' is added at the end of
the table for flange thickness. The sentence beginning ``The fastening
means'' is deleted.
(8) Figures 2, 3, and 4 do not apply, and the reference to them in
section 4.5 is replaced by ``Figure 16, Deflectometer, of Federal Motor
Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108.''
(f) A lens for a Type F headlamp incorporating an upper beam shall
be labeled ``UF.'' A lens for a Type F headlamp incorporating a lower
beam shall be labeled ``LF''. The face of letters, numbers, or other
symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised more than
0.020 in (0.5 mm), and shall be placed no closer to the geometric center
of the lens than 1.375 in. (35 mm). The marking shall be molded in the
lens and shall be not less than \1/4\ in. (6.35 mm) in size.
(g) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on
the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.
(h) Type F headlamps may be mounted on common or parallel seating
and aiming planes to permit simultaneous aiming of both headlamps
provided that when tested with any conforming Type UF and LF headlamps
according to Section S10:
(1) The assembly (consisting of the Type UF and LF headlamps,
mounting rings, the aiming/seating rings, and aim adjustment mechanism)
shall be designed to conform to the test points of Figure 15-1 or Figure
15-2.
[[Page 305]]
(2) There shall be no provision for adjustment between the common or
parallel aiming and seating planes of the two lamps.
(i) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.8, the Type F system shall show no evidence of loose or broken parts,
other than filaments, visible without magnification.
S7.3.8 Type G headlighting system. A Type G headlamp system consists
of two Type 1G1 headlamps and two Type 2G1 headlamps each of which is
designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) Figures 18 and 21.
(b) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor
Vehicle Headlamps (except paragraphs 1, 2.1.2, 2.8.2,3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2,
4.1.3, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8 through 4.18, 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.1.5 through 5.1.16,
5.2.2, 5.3.5 through 6.4). In paragraph 5.3.2 the words ``and retaining
rings'' are omitted. In paragraph 4.5.2, the words ``either Figure 28-1,
or Figure 28-2'' are substituted for ``Table 3''.
(c) SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly, with the
following exceptions:
(1) Sections 2.2, 2.3, 4.1.1, 5.1.1.1, 5.1.2.3, 5.1.6, and 5.2.1.
(2) Section 4.5 reads: ``Torque Deflection Test. The headlamp
assembly to be tested shall be mounted in the designed vehicle position
and set at nominal aim (0.0). A special adapter (Figure 22) for the
deflectometer (Figure 16) shall be clamped onto the headlamp assembly. A
torque of 20 in.-lbs (2.25 N-m) shall be applied to the headlamp
assembly through the deflectometer, and a reading on the thumb wheel
shall be taken. The torque shall be removed and a second reading on the
thumb wheel shall be taken.''
(d) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than
filaments, visible without magnification.
(e) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage) for the 1G1
and 2G1 upper beam is 55 watts and 43 watts respectively; for the 2G1
lower beam, 65 watts.
(f) A lens for a Type G headlamp incorporating only part of an upper
beam shall be labeled ``1G1.'' A lens for a Type G headlamp
incorporating both part of an upper beam and a lower beam shall be
labeled ``2G1.'' The face of letters, numbers, or other symbols molded
on the surface of the lens shall not be raised more than 0.020 in. (0.5
mm.), and shall be placed no closer to the geometric center of the lens
than 1.375 in. (35 mm). The marking shall be molded in the lens and
shall be not less than \1/4\ in. (6.35 mm) in size.
S7.3.9 Type H headlighting system. A Type H headlamp system
consisting of two Type 2H1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are
designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) Paragraphs S7.3.8 (a) through (d) except that in paragraph
S7.3.8(b), the words ``Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2'' are substituted for
``Table 3.''
(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on
the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.
(c) A lens for a Type H headlamp incorporating both an upper beam
and a lower beam shall be labeled ``2H1.'' The face of letters, numbers,
or other symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised
more than 0.020 in. (0.5 mm), and shall be placed no closer to the
geometric center of the lens than 1.375 in. (35 mm). The marking shall
be molded in the lens and shall be not less than \1/4\ in. (6.35 mm) in
size.
S7.4 Integral Beam Headlighting System. An integral beam
headlighting system shall be designed to conform to the following
requirements:
(a) The system shall provide in total not more than two upper beams
and two lower beams of the performance described in one of the
following:
(1) In a four-headlamp system, each upper beam headlamp and each
lower beam headlamp shall be designed to conform to the photometrics of
one of the following:
(i) Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2; or
(ii) Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2, except that the upper beam test
value at 2.5 D-V and 2.5D-12R and 12L, shall apply to the lower beam
headlamp and not to the upper beam headlamp, and the upper beam test
point value at 1.5D-9R and 9L shall be 1000; or
(iii) Figure 28-1 or Figure 28-2.
(2) In a two-headlamp system, each headlamp shall be designed to
conform
[[Page 306]]
to the photometrics of one of the following:
(i) Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2; or
(ii) Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2.
(3) In a system in which there is more than one beam contributor
providing a lower beam, and/or more than one beam contributor providing
an upper beam, each beam contributor in the system shall be designed to
meet only the photometric performance requirements of Figure 15-1 or
Figure 15-2 based upon the following mathematical expression: conforming
test point value = 2 (Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 test point value)/total
number of lower or upper beam contributors for the vehicle, as
appropriate. The system shall be designed to use the Vehicle Headlamp
Aiming Device (VHAD) as specified in paragraph S7.8.5.2.
(b) The lower and upper beams shall be provided only as follows
where each headlamp contains two light sources:
(1) The lower beam shall be provided either by the most outboard
light source (or the uppermost if arranged vertically), or by all light
sources.
(2) The upper beam shall be provided either by the most inboard
light source (or the lowermost if arranged vertically), or by all light
sources.
(c) The lower and upper beams shall be provided only as follows
where each headlamp contains a single light source:
(1) The lower beam shall be provided by the most outboard headlamps
(or the uppermost if arranged vertically), and the lens of each such
headlamp shall be permanently marked with the letter ``L.''
(2) The upper beam shall be provided by the most inboard headlamps
(or lowermost if arranged vertically), and the lens of each such
headlamp shall be permanently marked with the letter ``U.''
(d) A headlamp or beam contributor designed to meet paragraphs
(a)(1) or (a)(3) of this section and S7.8.5.1 may be mounted in an
assembly to permit simultaneous aiming of the beam(s) contributors,
provided that with any complying contributor the assembly complete with
all lamps meets the appropriate photometric requirements when tested in
accordance with S10.
(e) Each integral beam headlamp system shall be designed to conform
to the applicable photometric performance requirements in paragraph (a)
of this section when tested in accordance with sections 4.1 and 4.1.4 of
SAE Standard J1383 APR85 with any headlamps intended for use in such
system. The term ``aiming plane'' means ``aiming reference plane,'' or
an appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer as required in
paragraph S7.8.1.
(f) The system shall be aimable in accordance with the requirements
of paragraph S7.8. A system that incorporates any headlamp or beam
contributor that does not have a VHAD as an integral and indivisible
part of the headlamp or beam contributor shall be designed so that the
appropriate photometrics are met when any correctly aimed and
photometrically conforming headlamp or beam contributor is removed from
its mounting and aiming mechanism, and is replaced without reaim by any
conforming headlamp or beam contributor of the same type.
(g) A headlamp with a glass lens need not meet the abrasion
resistance test (S8.2). A headlamp with a nonreplaceable glass lens need
not meet the chemical resistance test (S8.3). A headlamp with a glass
lens and a non-plastic reflector need not meet the internal heat test of
paragraph S8.6.2. A headlamp of sealed design as verified in paragraph
S8.9 (sealing) need not meet the corrosion (S8.4), dust (S8.5), or
humidity (S8.7) tests; however, the headlamp shall meet the requirements
of paragraphs 4.1, 4.1.2, 4.4 and 5.1.4 for corrosion and connector of
SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly. An integral beam
headlamp may incorporate light sources that are replaceable and are used
for purposes other than headlighting.
(h) When tested according to any of the procedures indicated in
subparagraphs (1) through (7) each headlamp or beam contributor shall
meet the appropriate requirement:
(1) After an abrasion test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.2, the headlamp shall meet the photometric requirements applicable to
the headlamp system under test.
(2) After the chemical resistance tests of paragraphs S8.3 and
S8.10.1, the
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headlamp shall have no surface deterioration, coating delamination,
fractures, deterioration of bonding or sealing materials, color bleeding
or color pickup visible without magnification, and the headlamp shall
meet the photometric requirements applicable to the headlamp system
under test.
(3) After a corrosion test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.4, there shall be no evidence of external or internal corrosion or
rust visible without magnification. After a corrosion test conducted in
accordance with paragraph S8.10.2, there shall be no evidence of
corrosion or rust visible without magnification on any part of the
headlamp reflector that receives light from a headlamp light source, on
any metal light or heat shield assembly, or on a metal reflector of any
other lamp not sealed from the headlamp reflector. Loss of adhesion of
any applied coating shall not occur more than 0.l25 in. (3.2 mm) from
any sharp edge on the inside or outside. Corrosion may occur on
terminals only if the current produced during the test of paragraph
S8.4(c) is not less than 9.7 amperes.
(4) After a dust test conducted in accordance with paragraph S8.5,
the headlamp shall meet the photometric requirements applicable to the
headlamp system under test.
(5) The headlamp shall first meet the requirements of subparagraph
(i) and then those of subparagraph (ii).
(i) After a temperature cycle test conducted in accordance with
paragraph S8.6.1, the headlamp shall show no evidence of delamination,
fractures, entry of moisture or deterioration of bonding material, color
bleeding, warpage or deformation visible without magnification or lens
warpage greater than .118 in. (3 mm) when measured parallel to the
optical axis at the point of intersection of the axis of each light
source with the exterior surface of the lens, and it shall meet the
photometric requirements applicable to the headlamp system under test.
(ii) After an internal heat test conducted in accordance with
paragraph S8.6.2, there shall be no lens warpage greater than .118 in.
(3 mm) when measured parallel to the optical axis at the point of
intersection of the axis of each light source with the exterior surface
of the lens, and it shall meet the photometric requirements applicable
to the headlamp system under test.
(6) After a humidity test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.7, the inside of the headlamp shall show no evidence of delamination
or moisture, fogging or condensation visible without magnification.
(7) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph
S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than
filaments, visible without magnification.
(i) An integral beam headlamp may incorporate replaceable light
sources that are used for purposes other than headlighting.
S7.5 Replaceable bulb headlamp system. Each replaceable bulb
headlamp system shall be designed to conform to the following
requirements:
(a) The system shall provide only two lower beams and two upper
beams and shall incorporate not more than two replaceable light sources
in each headlamp.
(b) The photometrics as specified in subparagraphs (c) through (e)
of this paragraph (depicted in Figure 26), using any light source of the
Type intended for use in such system.
(c) The test requirements of sections 4.1, 4.1.4, and performance
requirements of section 5.1.4 of SAE J1383 APR85, using the photometric
requirements specified in subparagraphs (d) and (e) of this paragraph.
(d) For a headlamp equipped with dual filament replaceable light
sources, the following requirements apply:
(1) Headlamps designed to conform to the external aiming
requirements of S7.8.5.1 shall have no mechanism that allows adjustment
of an individual light source, or, if there are two light sources,
independent adjustments of each reflector.
(2) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting of two
lamps, each containing either one or two replaceable light sources,
shall be provided as follows:
(i) The lower beam shall be provided in one of the following ways:
(A) By the outboard light source (or upper one if arranged
vertically) designed to conform to:
[[Page 308]]
(1) The lower beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, or
Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2, if the light sources in the headlamp system
are any combination of dual filament replaceable light sources other
than Type HB2; or
(2) The lower beam requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure17-2 if the
light sources are Type HB2, or any dual filament replaceable light
sources that include Type HB2; or
(B) By both light sources in the headlamp, designed to conform to
the lower beam requirements specified above.
(ii) The upper beam shall be provided in one of the following ways:
(A) By the inboard light source (or the lower one if arranged
vertically) designed to conform to:
(1) The upper beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, or
Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2 if the light sources in the headlamp system
are any combination of dual filament replaceable light sources that
include Type HB2, or
(2) The upper beam requirements of figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2 if the
light sources are type HB2, or any combination of replaceable light
sources that include Type HB2; or
(B) By both light sources in the headlamp, designed to conform to
the upper beam requirements specified above.
(3) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting of
four lamps, each containing a single replaceable light source, shall be
provided as follows:
(i) The lower beam shall be provided by the outboard lamp (or the
upper one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to:
(A) The lower beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, or
Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the light sources in the headlamp system
are any combination of dual filament light sources other than Type HB2;
or
(B) The lower beam requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the
light sources are Type HB2, or dual filament light sources other than
Type HB1 and HB5. The lens of each such headlamp shall be marked with
the letter ``L''.
(ii) The upper beam shall be provided by the inboard lamp (or the
lower one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to:
(A) The upper beam requirements of Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2, of
Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the light sources in the headlamp system
are any combination of dual filament light sources other than Type HB2;
or
(B) The upper beam requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 if the
light sources are Type HB2, or dual filament light sources other tha
Type HB1 and Type HB5. The lens of each such headlamp shall be marked
with the letter ``u''.
(e) The following requirements apply to a headlamp system equipped
with any combination of replaceable light sources except those specified
in paragraph (d) of this section:
(1) Headlamps designed to conform to the external aim requirements
of S7.8.5.1 shall have no mechanism that allows adjustment of an
individual light source, or, if there are two replaceable light sources,
independent adjustment of each reflector.
(2) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting of two
lamps, each containing a combination of two replaceable light sources
(other than those combinations specified in subparagraph (d) of this
paragraph) shall be provided only as follows:
(i) The lower beam shall be provided in one of the following ways:
(A) By the outboard light source (or the uppermost if arranged
vertically) designed to conform to the lower beam requirements of Figure
17-1 or Figure 17-2; or
(B) By both light sources, designed to conform to the lower beam
requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2.
(ii) The upper beam shall be provided in one of the following ways:
(A) By the inboard light source (or the lower one if arranged
vertically) designed to conform to the upper beam requirements of Figure
17-1 or Figure 17-2; or
(B) By both light sources, designed to conform to the upper beam
requirements of Figure 17-1 or Figure 17-2.
(3) The lower and upper beams of a headlamp system consisting of
four lamps, using any combination of replaceable light sources except
those specified in subparagraph (d) of this
[[Page 309]]
paragraph, each lamp containing only a single replaceable light source,
shall be provided only as follows:
(i) The lower beam shall be produced by the outboard lamp (or upper
one if arranged vertically), designed to conform to the lower beam
requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. The lens of each headlamp
shall be permanently marked with the letter ``L''.
(ii) The upper beam shall be produced by the inboard lamp (or lower
one of arranged vertically), designed to conform to the upper beam
requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. The lens of each headlamp
shall be permanently marked with the letter ``U''.
(f) Each lens reflector unit manufactured as replacement equipment
shall be designed to conform to the requirements of subparagraphs (d)
and (e) of this paragraph when any replaceable light source appropriate
for such unit is inserted in it.
(g) The lens of each replaceable bulb headlamp shall bear permanent
marking in front of each replaceable light source with which it is
equipped that states the HB Type, if the light source is designed to
conform to subparagraphs (a) through (e) of paragraph S7.7, or the bulb
marking/ designation provided in compliance with Section VIII of
appendix A of part 564, if the light source is designed to conform to
subparagraph (g) of paragraph S.7.7 No marking need be provided if the
only replaceable light source in the headlamp is Type HB1.
(h) The system shall be aimable in accordance with paragraph S7.8.
(i) Each headlamp shall meet the requirements of paragraphs S7.4(g)
and (h), except that the sentence in paragraph (g) to verify sealing
according to section S8.9 Sealing does not apply.
(j) A replaceable bulb headlighting system may incorporate
replaceable light sources that are used for purposes other than
headlighting.
S7.6 Combination Headlighting System. A combination headlighting
system shall be comprised of either two headlamps designed to conform to
the requirements of S7.6.2, or any combination of four headlamps
designed to conform to the requirements of S7.3.7, S7.4, or S7.5 of this
standard.
S7.6.1 A combination headlighting system shall provide in total not
more than two upper beams and two lower beams. When installed on a motor
vehicle, the headlamps (or parts thereof) that provide the lower beam
shall be of the same type, and provide a symmetrical effective projected
luminous lens area when illuminated.
S7.6.2 In a combination headlighting system consisting of two
headlamps, each headlamp shall be designed to conform to Figure 17-1 or
Figure 17-2 and shall be a combination of two different headlamps chosen
from the following types: a Type F headlamp, an integral beam headlamp,
and a replaceable bulb headlamp.
S7.6.2.1 That part of the headlamp which contains an integral beam
headlamp, or beam contributors used in place of a single headlamp, shall
be designed to conform to the requirements of S7.4 (c) through (h) of
this standard.
S7.6.2.2 That part of the headlamp which contains a replaceable bulb
headlamp shall be designed to conform to the requirements of S7.5 of
this standard.
S7.6.3 In a combination headlighting system consisting of four
headlamps, each headlamp shall be designed to conform to Figure 15-1 or
Figure 15-2, or if an integral beam headlamp in which there is more than
one beam contributor, designed to conform to Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2
in the manner required by S7.4(a)(3) of this standard.
S7.7 Replaceable light sources. Each replaceable light source shall
be designed to conform to the dimensions and electrical specifications
furnished with respect to it pursuant to part 564 of this chapter, and
shall conform to the following requirements:
(a) If other than an HB Type, the light source shall be marked with
the bulb marking designation specified for it in compliance with
Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter. The base of each
HB Type shall be marked with its HB Type designation. Each replaceable
light source shall also be marked with the symbol DOT and with a name or
trademark in accordance with paragraph S7.2.
[[Page 310]]
(b) The measurement of maximum power and luminous flux that is
submitted in compliance with Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 of
this chapter shall be made in accordance with this paragraph. The
filament or discharge arc shall be seasoned before measurement of
either. Measurement shall be made with the direct current test voltage
regulated within one quarter of one percent. The test voltage shall be
12.8v. The measurement of luminous flux shall be in accordance with the
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, LM-45, IES Approved
Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service
Incandescent Filament Lamps (April 1980); shall be made with the black
cap installed on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5, and on any
other replaceable light source so designed; and shall be made with the
electrical conductor and light source base shrouded with an opaque white
cover, except for the portion normally located within the interior of
the lamp housing. The measurement of luminous flux for the Types HB3 and
HB4 shall be made with the base covered with a white cover as shown in
the drawings for Types HB3 and HB4 filed in Docket No. NHTSA 98-3397.
(The white cover is used to eliminate the likelihood of incorrect lumen
measurement that will occur should the reflectance of the light source
base and electrical connector be low).
(c) The capsule, lead wires and/or terminals, and seal on each Type
HB1, Type HB3, Type HB4, and Type HB5 light source, and on any other
replaceable light source which uses a seal, shall be installed in a
pressure chamber as shown in Figure 25 so as to provide an airtight
seal. The diameter of the aperture in Figure 25 on a replaceable light
source (other than an HB Type) shall be that dimension furnished for
such light source in compliance with Appendix A or Appendix B of part
564 of this chapter. An airtight seal exists when no air bubbles appear
on the low pressure (connector) side after the light source has been
immersed in water for one minute while inserted in a cylindrical
aperture specified for the light source, and subjected to an air
pressure of 70kPa (10 P.S.I.G.) on the glass capsule side.
(d) The measurement of maximum power and luminous flux that is
submitted in compliance with section VII of Appendix A of part 564 of
this chapter, or section IV of Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter,
shall be made with the direct current test voltage regulated within one
quarter of one percent. The test voltage shall be 12.8v. The measurement
of luminous flux shall be in accordance with the Illuminating
Engineering Society of North America, LM 45; IES Approved Method for
Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service Incandescent
Filament Lamps (April 1980). The filament of a replaceable light source
shall be seasoned before such measurement. The white covers are used to
eliminate the likelihood of incorrect lumens measurement that will occur
should the reflectance of the light source base and electrical connector
be low.
(1) For a light source with a resistive element type filament,
seasoning of the light source shall be made in accordance with section
2.9 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor
Vehicle Headlamps. The measurement of luminous flux shall be made with
the black cap installed on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5
light sources, and on any other replaceable light source so designed,
and shall be made with the electrical conductor and light source base
shrouded with an opaque white colored cover, except for the portion
normally located within the interior of the lamp housing. The
measurement of luminous flux for Type HB3 and Type HB4 shall be made
with the base covered with the white cover shown in the drawings for
Types HB3 and HB4 filed in Docket No. NHTSA 98-3397.
(2) For a light source using excited gas mixtures as a filament or
discharge arc, seasoning of the light source system, including any
ballast required for its operation, shall be made in accordance with
section 4.0 of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93 Discharge Forward
Lighting Systems. With the test voltage applied to the ballast input
terminals, the measurement of luminous flux shall be made with the black
cap installed, if so designed, and
[[Page 311]]
shall be made with an opaque white colored cover, except for the portion
normally located within the interior of the lamp housing.
(e) If a ballast is required for operation, each ballast shall bear
the following permanent markings:
(1) Name or logo of ballast manufacturer;
(2) Ballast part number or unique identification;
(3) Part number or other unique identification of the light source
for which the ballast is designed;
(4) Rated laboratory life of the light source/ballast combination,
if the information for the light source has been filed in Appendix B of
part 564 of this chapter;
(5) A warning that ballast output voltage presents the potential for
severe electrical shock that could lead to permanent injury or death;
(6) Ballast output power in watts and output voltage in rms volts AC
or DC; and
(7) The symbol `DOT'.''
(f) For light sources that use excited gas mixtures as a filament or
discharge arc, the ``rated laboratory life'' shall be determined in
accordance with sections 4.3 and 4.9 of SAE Recommended Practice J2009
FEB93 Forward Discharge Lighting Systems.
(g) After the force deflection test conducted in accordance with S9,
the permanent deflection of the glass envelope shall not exceed 0.13 mm
in the direction of the applied force.
S7.8 Aimability Performance Requirements.
S7.8.1 (a) Each headlamp or beam contributor that is not visually/
optically aimable in accordance with S7.8.5.3 of this standard shall be
equipped with fiducial marks, aiming pads, or similar references of
sufficient detail and accuracy, for determination of an appropriate
vehicle plane to be used with the photometric procedures of SAE J1383
APR85 for correct alignment with the photometer axis when being tested
for photometric compliance, and to serve for the aiming reference when
the headlamp or beam contributor is installed on a motor vehicle. The
fiducial marks, aiming pads, or similar references are protrusions,
bubble vials, holes, indentations, ridges, scribed lines, or other
readily identifiable marks established and described by the vehicle or
headlamp manufacturer.
(b) Each motor vehicle manufactured on and after September 1, 1998,
shall be equipped with headlamps or beam contributors which have a mark
or markings that are visible from the front of the headlamp when
installed on the vehicle to identify the optical axis of the headlamp to
assure proper horizontal and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or
optical aiming equipment. The manufacturer is free to choose the design
of the mark or markings. The mark or markings may be on the interior or
exterior of the lens or indicated by a mark or central structure on the
interior or exterior of the headlamp.
(c) Each headlamp that is visually/optically aimable in accordance
with S7.8.5.3 of this standard shall be marked in accordance with
S7.8.5.3(f).
S7.8.2 Except as provided in this paragraph, each headlamp shall be
installed on a motor vehicle with a mounting and aiming mechanism that
allows aim inspection and adjustment of both vertical and horizontal
aim, and is accessible for those purposes without removal of any vehicle
parts, except for protective covers removable without the use of tools.
S7.8.2.1 (a) When installed on the vehicle, adjustment of one aim
axis through its full on-vehicle range shall not cause the aim of the
other axis to deviate more than 0.76 degree.
(b) If the performance specified in paragraph (a) of this section is
not achievable, the requirements of S7.8.5.2(b)(3) apply, except that if
the aiming mechanism is not a VHAD, the requirements specific to VHADs
are not applicable, and the instruction shall be specific to the aiming
mechanism installed.
(c) A visually/optically aimable headlamp that has a lower beam
shall not have a horizontal adjustment mechanism unless such mechanism
meets the requirements of paragraph S7.8.5.2 of this standard.
S7.8.2.2 If the headlamp is aimed by moving the reflector relative
to the lens and headlamp housing, or vice versa, it shall:
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(a) Allow movement of the headlamp system, when tested in the
laboratory, to be not less than the full range of pitch on the vehicle
on which the headlamp system is installed and for the horizontal aim
range limits of S7.8.4,
(b) Conform with the photometrics applicable to it with the lens at
any position relative to the reflector within the range limits as
specified in S7.8.2.2(a),
(c) Be exempted from the aim range limits for testing in a
laboratory in S7.8.3, and
(d) Be exempted from S7.8.4 if it is visually/optically aimable and
has fixed horizontal aim.
S7.8.3 When a headlamp system is tested in a laboratory, the range
of its vertical aim shall not be less than 4
degrees from the nominal correct aim position for the intended vehicle
application. When installed on a motor vehicle, the range of vertical
aim shall be not less than the full range of pitch of the vehicle on
which the headlamp system is installed. The installed range of static
pitch angle shall as a minimum be determined from unloaded vehicle
weight to gross vehicle weight rating, and incorporate pitch angle
effects from maximum trailer or trunk loadings, the full range of tire
intermix sizes and suspensions recommended and/or installed by the
vehicle manufacturer, and the anticipated effects of variable passenger
loading. The vertical aim adjustment mechanism shall be continuously
adjustable over the full range.
S7.8.4 When a headlamp system is tested in a laboratory, the range
of its horizontal aim shall be not less that 2.5
degrees from the nominal correct aim position for the intended vehicle
application.
S7.8.5 When activated in a steady-burning state, headlamps shall not
have any styling ornament or other feature, such as a translucent cover
or grill, in front of the lens. Headlamp wipers may be used in front of
the lens provided that the headlamp system is designed to conform with
all applicable photometric requirements with the wiper stopped in any
position in front of the lens. When a headlamp system is installed on a
motor vehicle, it shall be aimable with at least one of the following:
An externally applied aiming device, as specified in S7.8.5.1; an on-
vehicle headlamp aiming device installed by the vehicle or lamp
manufacturer, as specified in S7.8.5.2; or by visual/optical means, as
specified in S7.8.5.3.
S7.8.5.1 External aiming. Each headlamp system that is capable of
being mechanically aimed by externally applied headlamp aiming devices
shall be mechanically aimable using the equipment specified in SAE
Standard J602 OCT80 Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable
Sealed Beam Headlamp Units without the removal of any ornamental trim
rings, covers, wipers or other vehicle parts.
(a) The aim of the headlamps in each headlamp system, other than a
headlamp system designed to conform to section S7.3, that is designed to
use such external aiming devices, shall not deviate more than 0.30
degree when a downward torque of 20 lb.-in. (2.25 N-m) is removed from
the headlamp in its design operating position. The downward force used
to create the torque shall be applied parallel to the aiming reference
plane, through the aiming pads, and displaced forward using a lever arm
such that the force is applied on an axis that is perpendicular to the
aiming reference plane and originates at the center of the aiming pad
pattern (see Figures 4-1 and 4-3). For headlamps using the aiming pad
locations of Group 1, the distance between the point of application of
force and the aiming reference plane shall be not less than 6.625 in.
(168.3 mm) plus the distance from the aiming reference plane to the
secondary plane, if used (see section S7.8.5.1(d)(1)). For headlamps
using the aiming pad locations of Group II, the distance between the
point of application of force and the aiming reference plane shall be
not less than 6.609 in. (167.9 mm) plus the distance from the aiming
reference plane to the secondary plane, if used. For headlamps using the
nonadjustable Headlamp Aiming Device Locating Plates for the 146 mm
diameter, the 176 mm diameter, and the 92x150 mm sealed beam units, the
distance between the point of application of force and the aiming plane
shall, respectively, be not less than 6.984 in. (177.4
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mm), 6.937 in. (176.2 mm), and 7.625 in (193.7 mm). Each headlamp system
that is designed to conform to paragraph S7.5 and that is designed to
use such external aiming devices, and which is manufactured on or after
September 1, 1990, shall comply with this paragraph.
(b) When a headlamp is installed on a motor vehicle, its aim in any
direction shall not change by more than 0.30 degree nor shall the lamp
recede more than 0.1 in. (2.5 mm.) after being subjected to an inward
force of 50 pounds (222 newtons) applied evenly to the lens parallel to
the mechanical axis.
(c) Each headlamp system mounting and aiming mechanism shall be
subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM B117-73
Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing for a period of 50 hours, consisting
of two successive 25-hour periods of 24 hours exposure followed by 1
hour of drying. At the end of 50 hours, the headlamp system shall be
capable of meeting any of the applicable requirements of paragraph S7.8.
(d) Each headlamp system which is designed to use the Headlamp
Aiming Device Locating Plates with adjustable legs for the 100 x 165 mm
unit and the 142 x 200 mm unit, and which has adjustable length legs,
shall meet the requirements of subparagraphs (1) and (2) below.
(1) The lens shall have three aiming pads which meet the
requirements of Figure 4, Dimensional Specifications for Location of
Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Units. The aiming pads need not
be centered at the geometric center of the lens, or on the optical axis.
Except as provided in subparagraph (2), a whole number, which represents
the distance in tenths of an inch (i.e. 0.3 inch=3) from the aiming
reference plane to the respective aiming pads which are not in contact
with that plane, shall be inscribed adjacent to each respective aiming
pad on the lens. The height of these numbers shall be not less than .157
inch (4 mm). If there is interference between the plane and the area of
the lens between the aiming pads, the whole number represents the
distance to a secondary plane. The secondary plane shall be located
parallel to the aiming reference plane and as close to the lens as
possible without causing interference.
(2) If the most forward aiming pad is the lower inboard aiming pad,
then the dimensions may be placed anywhere on the lens. The dimension
for the outboard aiming pad (Dimension F in Figure 4) shall be followed
by the letter ``H'' and the dimension for the center aiming pad shall be
followed by the letter ``V.'' The dimensions shall be expressed in
tenths of an inch.
(e) Each headlamp may be designed to use the nonadjustable Headlamp
Aiming Device Locating Plate for the 100x165 mm unit, the 142x200 mm
unit, the 146 mm diameter unit, or the 178 mm diameter unit of SAE J602,
or the 92x150 mm Type F unit, and incorporate lens-mounted aiming pads
as specified for those units in Figures 10, 13, 5, or 7 respectively in
SAE J1383 APR85, or Figure 11 of this standard for the Type F unit. If
so designed, no additional lens marking is necessary to designate the
type of plate or dimensions.
S7.8.5.2 On-vehicle aiming. Each headlamp system that is capable of
being aimed by equipment installed on the vehicle shall include a
Vehicle Headlamp Aiming Device (VHAD) that conforms to the following
requirements:
(a) Aim. The VHAD shall provide for headlamp aim inspection and
adjustment in both the vertical and horizontal axes.
(1) Vertical aim. The VHAD shall include the necessary references
and scales relative to the horizontal plane to assure correct vertical
aim for photometry and aiming purposes. An off-vehicle measurement of
the angle of the plane of the ground is permitted. In addition, an equal
number of graduations from the ``O'' position representing angular
changes in the axis in the upward and downward directions shall be
provided.
(i) Each graduation shall represent a change in the vertical
position of the mechanical axis not larger than 0.19 degree (1 in. at 25
ft.) to provide for variations in aim at least 1.2 degrees above and
below the horizontal, and have an accuracy relative to the zero mark of
less than 0.1 degree.
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(ii) The VHAD shall be marked to indicate headlamp aim movement in
the upward and downward directions.
(iii) Each graduation shall indicate a linear movement of the scale
indicator of not less than 0.05 in. (1.27 mm) if a direct reading analog
indicator is used. If a remote reading indicator is provided, it shall
represent the actual aim movement in a clear, understandable format.
(iv) The vertical indicator shall perform through a minimum range of
1.2 degrees.
(v) Means shall be provided in the VHAD for compensating for
deviations in floor slope less than 1.2 degrees from the horizontal that
would affect the correct positioning of the headlamp for vertical aim.
(vi) The graduations shall be legible under an illumination level
not greater than 30 foot candles, measured at the top of the graduation,
by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen), and shall permit aim
adjustment to within 0.19 degree (1 in. at 25 ft.).
(2) Horizontal aim. The VHAD shall include references and scales
relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle necessary to assure
correct horizontal aim for photometry and aiming purposes. An ``O'' mark
shall be used to indicate alignment of the headlamps relative to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In addition, an equal number of
graduations from the ``O'' position representing equal angular changes
in the axis relative to the vehicle axis shall be provided.
(i) Each graduation shall represent a change in the horizontal
position of the mechanical axis not greater than 0.38 degree (2 in. at
25 ft.) to provide for variations in aim at least 0.76 degree (4 in. at
25 ft.) to the left and right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle,
and shall have an accuracy relative to the zero mark of less than 0.1
degree.
(ii) The VHAD shall be marked to indicate headlamp aim movement in
the left and right directions.
(iii) The graduations shall be legible under an illumination level
not greater than 30 foot candles, measured at the top of the graduation,
by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen), and shall permit aim
adjustment to within 0.38 degree (2 in. at 25 ft.).
(iv) The horizontal indicator shall perform through a minimum range
of 0.76 degree (4 in. at 25 ft.); however, the
indicator itself shall be capable of recalibration over a movement of
2.5 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle to accommodate any adjustment necessary for recalibrating
the indicator after vehicle repair from accident damage.
(b) Aiming instructions. (1) The instructions for properly aiming
the headlighting system using the VHAD shall be provided on a label
permanently affixed to the vehicle adjacent to the VHAD, or in the
vehicle operator's manual. The instructions shall advise that the
headlighting system is properly aimed if the appropriate vertical plane
(as defined by the vehicle manufacturer) is perpendicular to both the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and a horizontal plane when the
vehicle is on a horizontal surface, and the VHAD is set at ``O''
vertical and ``O'' horizontal.
(2) Should a remote indicator or a remote indicator and adjuster be
provided, the instructions shall be placed in the operator's manual, and
may also be placed on a label adjacent to the VHAD.
(3) Should the mechanism not meet the requirements of S7.8.2.1, on
each motor vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 1990, a
cautionary label shall be placed adjacent to the mechanism stating the
caution and including either the reason for the caution or the
corrective action necessary. Each such label shall also refer the reader
to the vehicle operator's manual for complete instructions. Each such
vehicle shall be equipped with an operator's manual containing the
complete instructions appropriate for the mechanism installed.
(c) Each headlamp equipped with a VHAD that is manufactured for use
on motor vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 1998, shall be
manufactured with its calibration permanently fixed by its manufacturer.
Calibration in this case means the process of accurately aligning the
geometry of the VHAD devices with the beam pattern for the purposes of
compliance with the standard.
(d) Testing the VHAD.
[[Page 315]]
(1) The headlamp assembly (the headlamp(s), and the VHAD(s)) shall
be mounted on a level goniometer, aligned to a photometer located not
less than 60 ft. (18.3 m) from the VHAD assembly. The assembly shall be
mechanically aimed using the VHAD in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions as provided with the vehicle on which the VHAD is intended
to be used. A \1/4\ degree reaim is permitted in any direction at any
test point to allow for variations in readings between laboratories. The
test shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures of paragraphs
4.1 and 4.1.4 of SAE J1383 APR85. Under these conditions the mounted
headlamp assembly shall be designed to conform to the photometric
requirements appropriate for the headlamp system under test.
(2) When tested in accordance with subsection (1) of this section,
with any replacement headlamp unit(s) or light sources intended for use
in the system under test, the VHAD and headlamp system shall be designed
to conform to the photometric performance requirements appropriate for
the system under test.
(3) The same VHAD and associated headlamp(s) (or headlamp assembly)
shall be rigidly mounted in a headlamp test fixture and comply with the
following laboratory test procedures:
(i) Each graduation on the horizontal and vertical aim scales shall
be checked and any variation from the correct aim shall not exceed
0.2 degree, and 0.1 degree
respectively.
(ii) With the aiming plane horizontal and vertical and with the
scale on the device set at 0, the aimer shall be adjusted before each of
the following tests to assure that the indicators are centered at 0.
(A) The VHAD and an unlighted headlamp assembly shall be stabilized
at 20 5 degrees F (-7 3
degrees C) in a circulating air environmental test chamber. After a
period of 30 minutes, when measured at that soak temperature, the
variation from correct horizontal of vertical aim shall not exceed
0.2 degree, and 0.1 degree,
respectively.
(B) The VHAD, and the headlamp assembly with its highest wattage
filament (or combination of filaments intended to be used
simultaneously) energized at its design voltage, shall then be
stabilized at 100 5 degrees F (38 3 degrees C) in a circulating air environmental test
chamber. After a period of 30 minutes, when measured at that soak
temperature, the variation from correct horizontal and vertical aim
shall not exceed 0.2 degree, and 0.1 degree, respectively.
(C) The VHAD and an unlighted headlamp assembly shall then be placed
in a circulating air environmental test chamber and exposed to a
temperature of 140 5 degrees F (60 3 degrees C) for 24 hours, followed by a temperature of
-40 5 degrees F (-40 3
degrees C) for 24 hours and then permitted to return to room
temperature, after which the VHAD and headlamp assembly shall show no
damage which would impair its ability to perform as specified herein.
The variation from correct horizontal or vertical aim shall not exceed
0.2 degree, and 0.1 degree,
respectively.
(D) The VHAD and headlamp assembly shall then be tested according to
the corrosion test procedure of paragraph S7.8.5.1(c).
(E) The VHAD and headlamp assembly shall then be tested for
photometric compliance as specified in paragraphs S7.8.5.2(c)(1) and
(2).
S7.8.5.3 Visual/optical aiming. Each visually/optically aimable
headlamp shall be designed to conform to the following requirements:
(a) Vertical aim, lower beam. Each lower beam headlamp shall have a
cutoff in the beam pattern. It may be either on the left side or the
right side of the optical axis, but once chosen for a particular
headlamp system's design, the side chosen for the cutoff shall not be
changed for any headlamps intended to be used as replacements for those
system's headlamps.
(1) Vertical position of cutoff. The headlamp shall be aimed
vertically so that the cutoff is on the left side, at 0.4 degree down
from the H-H line, or on the right side, at the H-H line.
(2) Vertical gradient. The gradient of the cutoff measured at either
2.5 degrees L or 2.0 degrees R shall be not less than 0.13 based on the
procedure of S7.8.5.3, paragraph (a)(5).
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(3) Horizontal position of the cutoff. The width shall be not less
than two degrees, with not less than two degrees of its actual width
centered at either 2.5 degrees L, or 2.0 degrees R.
(4) Maximum inclination of cutoff. The vertical location of the
highest gradient at the ends of the minimum width shall be within 0.2 degree of the vertical location of the maximum
gradient measured at the appropriate vertical line (at either 2.5
degrees L for a left side cutoff, or 2.0 degrees R for a right side
cutoff.)
(5) Measuring the cutoff parameter. (i) The headlamp shall be
mounted on a fixture which simulates its actual design location on any
vehicle for which the headlamp is intended. The fixture, with the
headlamp installed shall be attached to the goniometer table in such a
way that the fixture alignment axes are coincident with the goniometer
axes. The headlamp shall be energized at the specified test voltage.
(ii) The headlamp beam pattern shall be aimed with the cutoff at the
H-H axis. There shall be no adjustment, shimming, or modification of the
horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture, unless the headlamp is
equipped with a VHAD. In this case the VHAD shall be adjusted to zero.
(iii) A vertical scan of the beam pattern shall be conducted for a
headlamp with a left side gradient by aligning the goniometer on a
vertical line at 2.5 degrees L and scanning from 1.5 degrees U to 1.5
degrees D. For a headlamp with a right side gradient, a vertical scan of
the beam pattern shall be conducted by aligning the goniometer on a
vertical line at 2.0 degrees R and scanning from 1.5 degrees U to 1.5
degrees D.
(iv) Determine the maximum gradient within the range of the scan by
using the formula: G = log E(a)-log E(a+0.1), where ``G'' is the
gradient, ``E'' is illumination and ``a'' is vertical angular position.
The maximum value of the gradient ``G'' determines the vertical angular
location of the cutoff. Perform vertical scans at 1.0 degree L and R of
the measurement point of the maximum gradient to determine the
inclination.
(b) Horizontal aim, lower beam. There shall be no adjustment of
horizontal aim unless the headlamp is equipped with a horizontal VHAD.
If the headlamp has a VHAD, it shall be set to zero.
(c) Vertical aim, upper beam. (1) If the upper beam is combined in a
headlamp with a lower beam, the vertical aim of the upper beam shall not
be changed from the aim set using the procedures of paragraphs
S7.8.5.3(a) and (b) used for the lower beam.
(2) If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a lower
beam, the vertical aim of the upper beam shall be adjusted so that the
maximum beam intensity is located on the H-H axis.
(d) Horizontal aim, upper beam. (1) If the upper beam is combined in
a headlamp with a lower beam, the horizontal aim of the upper beam shall
not be changed from the aim set using the procedures of paragraphs
S7.8.5.3 (a) and (b) used for the lower beam.
(2) If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with the lower
beam and has fixed horizontal aim or has a horizontal VHAD, then the
headlamp shall be mounted on a fixture which simulates its actual design
location on any vehicle for which the headlamp is intended. The fixture,
with the headlamp installed shall be attached to the goniometer table in
such a way that the fixture alignment axes are coincident with the
goniometer axes. The headlamp shall be energized at 12.8 0.20 mV. There shall be no adjustment, shimming, or
modification of the horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture,
unless the headlamp is equipped with a VHAD. In this case the VHAD shall
be adjusted to zero.
(3) If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a lower
beam, and it does not have a VHAD, the horizontal aim of the upper beam
shall be adjusted so that the maximium beam intensity is located on the
V-V axis.
(e) Photometric Requirements and Measurement. (1) Instead of being
designed to conform to the photometric requirements of Figures 15-1, 17-
1, 27-1 or 28-1, a visually/optically aimable headlamp shall be designed
to conform to the requirements of Figures 15-2, 17-2, 27-2 or 28-2 when
tested in accordance with paragraph (2) and SAE J575
[[Page 317]]
DEC88, with the distance from the photometer to the headlamp no less
than 18.3 m.
(2) If the lower beam has a left side cutoff, reaim the headlamp
vertically to place the maximum gradient found in paragraph S7.8.5.3 at
0.4 degree below the H-H line. For a headlamp with a lower beam right
side cutoff, place the maximum gradient found in paragraph S7.8.5.3 at
the H-H line. For an upper beam, the headlamp would already be aimed at
the end of the procedure found in paragraph S7.8.5.3. A 0.25 degree
reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point.
(f) Marking--(1) Headlamp optical axis mark. There shall be a mark
or markings identifying the optical axis of the headlamp visible from
the front of the headlamp when installed on the vehicle, to assure
proper horizontal and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or optical
aiming equipment with the headlamp being aimed. The manufacturer is free
to choose the design of the mark or markings. The mark or markings may
be on the interior or exterior of the lens or indicated by a mark or
central structure on the interior or exterior of the headlamp.
(2) Visual/optical aimability identification marks. (i) The lens of
a lower beam headlamp shall be marked ``VOL'' if the headlamp is
intended to be visually/optically aimed using the left side of the lower
beam pattern.
(ii) The lens of a lower beam headlamp shall be marked ``VOR'' if
the headlamp is intended to be visually/optically aimed using the right
side of the lower beam pattern.
(iii) The lens of each sealed beam or integral beam headlamp shall
be marked ``VOR'' if the headlamp is of a type that was manufactured
before May 1, 1997, and if such headlamp type has been redesigned since
then to be visually/optically aimable.
(iv) The lens of a headlamp that is solely an upper beam headlamp
and intended to be visually/optically aimed using the upper beam shall
be marked ``VO''.
(v) Each letter used in marking according to this paragraph shall be
not less than 3 mm. high.
S7.9 Motorcycles. Each motorcycle shall be equipped with a
headlighting system designed to conform to the following requirements.
S7.9.1 A motorcycle manufactured before September 1, 2000, may be
equipped with--
(a) A headlighting system designed to conform to SAE Standard J584
Motorcycle Headlamps April 1964, or to SAE Standard J584 April 1964 with
the photometric specifications of Figure 32 and the upper beam
aimability specifications of paragraph S7.9.3; or
(b) One half of any headlighting system specified in S7.1 through
S7.6 which provides both a full upper beam and full lower beam. Where
more than one lamp must be used, the lamps shall be mounted vertically,
with the lower beam as high as practicable.
S7.9.2 A motorcycle manufactured on or after September 1, 2000,
shall be equipped with--
(a) A headlighting system designed to conform to SAE Standard J584
Motorcycle Headlamps April 1964 with the photometric specifications of
Figure 32 and the upper beam aimability specifications of paragraph
S7.9.3; or
(b) A headlighting system that conforms to S7.9.1(b).
S7.9.3 The upper beam of a multiple beam headlamp designed to
conform to the photometric requirements of Figure 32 shall be aimed
photoelectrically during the photometric test in the manner prescribed
in SAE Standard J584 OCT93 Motorcycle Headlamps.
S7.9.4 Motorcycle headlamp modulation system.
S7.9.4.1 A headlamp on a motorcycle may be wired to modulate either
the upper beam or the lower beam from its maximum intensity to a lesser
intensity, provided that:
(a) The rate of modulation shall be 240 40
cycles per minute.
(b) The headlamp shall be operated at maximum power for 50 to 70
percent of each cycle.
(c) The lowest intensity at any test point shall be not less than 17
percent of the maximum intensity measured at the same point.
(d) The modulator switch shall be wired in the power lead of the
beam filament being modulated and not in the ground side of the circuit.
(e) Means shall be provided so that both the lower beam and upper
beam
[[Page 318]]
remain operable in the event of a modulator failure.
(f) The system shall include a sensor mounted with the axis of its
sensing element perpendicular to a horizontal plane. Headlamp modulation
shall cease whenever the level of light emitted by a tungsten filament
light operating at 3000[deg] Kelvin is either less than 270 lux (25
foot-candles) of direct light for upward pointing sensors or less than
60 lux (5.6 foot-candles) of reflected light for downward pointing
sensors. The light is measured by a silicon cell type light meter that
is located at the sensor and pointing in the same direction as the
sensor. A Kodak Gray Card (Kodak R-27) is placed at ground level to
simulate the road surface in testing downward pointing sensors.
(g) When tested in accordance with the test profile shown in Figure
9, the voltage drop across the modulator when the lamp is on at all test
conditions for 12 volt systems and 6 volt systems shall not be greater
than .45 volt. The modulator shall meet all the provisions of the
standard after completion of the test profile shown in Figure 9.
(h) Means shall be provided so that both the lower and upper beam
function at design voltage when the headlamp control switch is in either
the lower or upper beam position when the modulator is off.
S7.9.4.2(a) Each motorcycle headlamp modulator not intended as
original equipment, or its container, shall be labeled with the maximum
wattage, and the minimum wattage appropriate for its use. Additionally,
each such modulator shall comply with S7.9.4.1 (a) through (g) when
connected to a headlamp of the maximum rated power and a headlamp of the
minimum rated power, and shall provide means so that the modulated beam
functions at design voltage when the modulator is off.
(b) Instructions, with a diagram, shall be provided for mounting the
light sensor including location on the motorcycle, distance above the
road surface, and orientation with respect to the light.
S7.9.5 Each replaceable bulb headlamp that is designed to meet the
photometric requirements of paragraph S7.9.1(a) or paragraph S7.9.2(a)
and that is equipped with a light source other than a replaceable light
source meeting the requirements of paragraph S7.7, shall have the word
``motorcycle'' permanently marked on the lens in characters not less
than 0.114 in. (3 mm) in height.
S7.9.6 A headlamp system shall be installed on a motorcycle in
accordance with the requirements of this paragraph.
S7.9.6.1 The headlamp system shall be located on the front of the
motorcycle.
S7.9.6.2 (a) If the system consists of a single headlamp, it shall
be mounted on the vertical centerline of the motorcycle. If the headlamp
contains more than one light source, each light source shall be mounted
on the vertical centerline with the upper beam no higher than the lower
beam, or horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline and mounted
at the same height. If the light sources are horizontally disposed about
the vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of the
effective projected luminous lens area in front of the light sources
shall not be greater than 200 mm (8 in.).
(b) If the system consists of two headlamps, each of which provides
both an upper and lower beam, the headlamps shall be mounted either at
the same height and symmetrically disposed about the vertical centerline
or mounted on the vertical centerline. If the headlamps are horizontally
disposed about the vertical centerline, the distance between the closest
edges of their effective projected luminous lens areas shall not be
greater than 200 mm (8 in.).
(c) If the system consists of two headlamps, one of which provides
an upper beam and one of which provides the lower beam, the headlamps
shall be located on the vertical centerline with the upper beam no
higher than the lower beam, or horizontally disposed about the vertical
centerline and mounted at the same height. If the headlamps are
horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline, the distance
between the closest edges of their effective projected luminous lens
areas shall not be greater than 200 mm (8 in.).
[[Page 319]]
S8 Tests and Procedures for Integral Beam and Replaceable Bulb
Headlighting Systems. When tested in accordance with the following
procedures, each integral beam headlamp shall meet the requirements of
paragraph S7.4, and each replaceable bulb headlamp shall meet the
requirements of paragraph S7.5. Ballasts required to operate specific
gas mixture light sources shall be included in the tests specified in
paragraphs S8.1 and S8.4 though S8.7.
S8.1 Photometry. Each headlamp to which paragraph S8 applies shall
be tested according to paragraphs 4.1 and 4.1.4 of SAE Standard J1383
APR85 for meeting the applicable photometric requirements, after each
test specified in paragraphs S8.2, S8.3, S8.5, S8.6.1, S8.6.2, S8.7, and
S8.10.1 and S8.10.2, if applicable. A \1/4\ degree reaim is permitted in
any direction at any test point.
S8.2 Abrasion. (a) A headlamp shall be mounted in the abrasion test
fixture in the manner indicated in Figure 5 with the lens facing upward.
(b) An abrading pad meeting the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (c)(4) of this section shall be cycled back and forth (1 cycle)
for 11 cycles at 4 0.8 in. (10 cm 2 cm) per second over at least 80 percent of the lens
surface, including all the area between the upper and lower aiming pads,
but not including lens trim rings and edges.
(c)(1) The abrading pad shall be not less than 1.0 .04 in. (2.5 cm .1 cm) wide,
constructed of 0000 steel wool, and rubber cemented to a rigid base
shaped to the same vertical contour of the lens. The ``grain'' of the
pad shall be perpendicular to the direction of motion.
(2) The abrading pad support shall be equal in size to the pad and
the center of the support surface shall be within .08 in. ( 2 mm) of parallel to the
lens surface.
(3) The density of the abrading pad shall be such that when the pad
is mounted to its support and is resting unweighted on the lens, the
base of the pad shall be no closer than .125 in. (3.2 mm) to the lens at
its closest point.
(4) When mounted on its support and resting on the lens of the test
headlamp, the abrading pad shall then be weighted such that a pad
pressure of 2.0 .15 psi (14 1 KPa) exists at the center and perpendicular to the
face of the lens.
(d) A pivot shall be used if it is required to follow the contour of
the lens.
(e) Unused steel wool shall be used for each test.
S8.3 Chemical resistance. (a) The entire exterior lens surface of
the headlamp in the headlamp test fixture and top surface of the lens-
reflector joint shall be wiped once to the left and once to the right
with a 6-inch square soft cotton cloth (with pressure equally applied)
which has been saturated once in a container with 2 ounces of a test
fluid as listed in paragraph (b). The lamp shall be wiped within 5
seconds after removal of the cloth from the test fluid.
(b) The test fluids are:
(1) ASTM Reference Fuel C, which is composed of Isooctane 50% volume
and Toluene 50% volume. Isooctane must conform to A2.7 in Annex 2 of the
Motor Fuels Section of the 1985 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol.
05.04, and Toluene must conform to ASTM specification D362-84, Standard
Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene. ASTM Reference Fuel C must
be used as specified in:
(i) Paragraph A2.3.2 and A2.3.3 of Annex 2 to Motor Fuels, Section 1
in the 1985 Annual Book of ASTM Standards; and
(ii) OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.106--Handling Storage and Use of
Flammable Combustible Liquids.
(2) Tar remover (consisting by volume of 45% xylene and 55%
petroleum base mineral spirits).
(3) Power steering fluid (as specified by the vehicle manufacturer
for use in the motor vehicle on which the headlamp is intended to be
installed).
(4) Windshield washer fluid consisting of 0.5% monoethanolamine with
the remainder 50% concentration of methanol/distilled water by volume.
(5) Antifreeze (50% concentration of ethylene glycol/distilled water
by volume).
(c) After the headlamp has been wiped with the test fluid, it shall
be stored in its designed operating attitude for 48 hours at a
temperature of 73
[[Page 320]]
[deg]F 7[deg] (23 [deg]C 4[deg]) and a relative humidity of 30 10 percent. At the end of the 48-hour period, the
headlamp shall be wiped clean with a soft dry cotton cloth and visually
inspected.
S8.4 Corrosion. (a) A connector test shall be performed on each
filament circuit prior to the test in subparagraph (b) according to
Figure 1 and SAE Standard J580 DEC86. The power source shall be set to
provide 12. 8 volts and the resistance shall be set to produce 10
amperes.
(b) The headlamp with connector attached to the terminals,
unfixtured and in its designed operating attitude with all drain holes,
breathing devices or other designed openings in their normal operating
positions, shall be subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance
with ASTM B117-73, Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, for 240 hours,
consisting of ten successive 24-hour periods. During each period, the
headlamp shall be mounted in the middle of the chamber and exposed for
23 hours to the salt spray. The spray shall not be activated during the
24th hour. The bulb shall be removed from the headlamp and from the test
chamber during the one hour of salt spray deactivation and reinserted
for the start of the next test period, at the end of the first and last
three 23-hour periods of salt spray exposure, and at the end of any two
of the fourth through seventh 23-hour periods of salt-spray exposure.
The test chamber shall be closed at all times except for a maximum of 2
minutes which is allowed for removal or replacement of a bulb during
each period. After the ten periods, the lens reflector unit without the
bulb shall be immersed in deionized water for 5 minutes, then secured
and allowed to dry by natural convection only.
(c) Using the voltage, resistance and pretest set up of paragraph
(a) the current in each filament circuit shall be measured after the
test conducted in paragraph (b).
S8.5 Dust. The headlamp, mounted on a headlamp test fixture, with
all drain holes, breathing devices or other designed openings in their
normal operating positions, shall be positioned within a cubical box,
with inside measurements of 35.4 in. (900 mm) on each side or larger if
required for adequate wall clearance, i.e., a distance of at least 5.9
in. (150 mm) between the headlamp and any wall of the box. The box shall
contain 9.9 lb. (4.5 kg) of fine powdered cement which conforms to the
ASTM C150-77 specification for Portland Cement. Every 15 minutes, the
cement shall be agitated by compressed air or fan blower(s) by
projecting blasts of air for a two-second period in a downward direction
so that the cement is diffused as uniformly as possible throughout the
entire box. This test shall be continued for five hours after which the
exterior surfaces of the headlamp shall be wiped clean.
S8.6 Temperature and internal heat test. A headlamp with one or more
replaceable light sources shall be tested according to paragraphs S8.6.1
and S8.6.2. Tests shall be made with all filaments lighted at design
voltage that are intended to be used simultaneously in the headlamp and
which in combination draw the highest total wattage. These include but
are not limited to filaments used for turn signal lamps, fog lamps,
parking lamps, and headlamp lower beams lighted with upper beams when
the wiring harness is so connected on the vehicle. If a turn signal is
included in the headlamp assembly, it shall be operated at 90 flashes a
minute with a 75 2% current ``on time.'' If the
lamp produces both the upper and lower beam, it shall be tested in both
the upper beam mode and the lower beam mode under the conditions above
described, except for a headlamp with a single Types HB1 or HB2 light
source.
S8.6.1 Temperature cycle. A headlamp, mounted on a headlamp test
fixture, shall be subjected to 10 complete consecutive cycles having the
thermal cycle profile shown in Figure 6. During the hot cycle, the lamp,
shall be energized commencing at point ``A'' of Figure 6 and de-
energized at point ``B.'' Separate or single test chambers may be used
to generate the environment of Figure 6. All drain holes, breathing
devices or other openings or vents of the headlamps shall be in their
normal operating positions.
S8.6.2 Internal Heat Test. (a) The headlamp lens surface that would
normally be exposed to road dirt shall be
[[Page 321]]
uniformly sprayed with any appropriate mixture of dust and water or
other materials to reduce the photometric output at the H-V test point
of the upper beam (or the \1/2\D-1\1/2\R test point of the lower beam as
appropriate) to 25 2% of the output originally
measured in the photometric test conducted pursuant to paragraphs
S7.4(i), or S7.5 (a) through (e), as applicable. A headlamp with a
single Types HB1 or HB2 light source shall be tested on the upper beam
only. Such reduction shall be determined under the same conditions as
that of the original photometric measurement.
(b) After the photometric output of the lamp has been reduced as
specified in paragraph (a), the lamp and its mounting hardware shall be
mounted in an environmental chamber in a manner similar to that
indicated in Figure 7 ``Dirt/Ambient Test Setup.'' The headlamp shall be
soaked for one hour at a temperature of 95 + 7 -0 degrees F (35 + 4 -0
degrees C) and then the lamp shall be energized according to paragraph
S8.6 for one hour in a still air condition, allowing the temperature to
rise from the soak temperature.
(c) The lamp shall be returned to a room ambient temperature of 73 +
7 -0 degrees F (23 + 4 -0 degrees C) and a relative humidity of 30
10% and allowed to stabilize to the room ambient
temperature. The lens shall then be cleaned.
S8.7 Humidity. (a) The test fixture consists of a horizontal steel
plate to which three threaded steel or aluminum rods of \1/2\ inch
diameter are screwed vertically behind the headlamp. The headlamp
assembly is clamped to the vertical rods, which are behind the headlamp.
All attachments to the headlamp assembly are made behind the lens and
vents or openings, and are not within 2 inches laterally of a vent inlet
or outlet.
(b) The mounted headlamp assembly is oriented in its design
operating position, and is placed in a controlled environment at a
temperature of 100+7-0 degrees F (38+4-0 degrees C) with a relative
humidity of not less than 90 percent. All drain holes, breathing
devices, and other openings are in their normal operation positions for
all phases of the humidity test. The headlamp shall be subjected to 24
consecutive 3-hour test cycles. In each cycle, it shall be energized for
1 hour at design voltage with the highest combination of filament
wattages that are intended to be used, and then de-energized for 2
hours. If the headlamp incorporates a turn signal, it shall flash at 90
flashes per minute with a 752 percent current
``on-time.''
(c) Within 3 minutes after the completion of the 24th cycle, the air
flow test will begin. The following shall occur: the mounted assembly
shall be removed, placed in an insulating box and covered with foam
material so that there is no visible air space around the assembly; the
box shall be closed, taken to the air flow test chamber, and placed
within it. Inside the chamber, the assembly with respect to the air
flow, shall be oriented in its design operating position. The assembly
is positioned in the chamber so that the center of the lens is in the
center of the opening of the air flow entry duct during the test. The
headlamp has at least 3 inches clearance on all sides, and at least 4
inches to the entry and exit ducts at the closest points. If vent tubes
are used which extend below the lamp body, the 3 inches are measured
from the bottom of the vent tube or its protection. The temperature of
the chamber is 73+7-0 degrees F (23+4-0 degrees C) with a relative
humidity of 30+10-0 percent. The headlamp is not energized.
(d) Before the test specified in paragraph (e) of this section, the
uniformity of the air flow in the empty test chamber at a plane 4 inches
downstream of the air entry duct shall have been measured over a 4-inch
square grid. The uniformity of air flow at each grid point is 10 percent of the average air flow specified in
paragraph (e) of this section.
(e) The mounted assembly in the chamber shall be exposed, for one
hour, to an average air flow of 330+0-30 ft/min. as measured with an air
velocity measuring probe having an accuracy of 3
percent in the 330 ft/min range. The average air flow is the average of
the velocity recorded at six points around the perimeter of the lens.
The six points are determined as follows: At
[[Page 322]]
the center of the lens, construct a horizontal plane. The first two
points are located in the plane, 1 inch outward from the intersection of
the plane and each edge of the lens. Then, trisect the distance between
these two points and construct longitudinal vertical planes at the two
intermediate locations formed by the trisection. The four remaining
points are located in the vertical planes, one inch above the top edge
of the lens, and one inch below the bottom edge of the lens.
(f) After one hour, the headlamp is removed and inspected for
moisture.
S8.8 Vibration. A vibration test shall be conducted in accordance
with the procedures of SAE Standard J575e Tests for Motor Vehicle
Lighting Devices and Components August 1970, and the following: the
table on the adapter plate shall be of sufficient size to completely
contain the test fixture base with no overhang. The vibration shall be
applied in the vertical axis of the headlamp system as mounted on the
vehicle. The filament shall not be energized.
S8.9 Sealing. An unfixtured headlamp in its design mounting position
shall be placed in water at a temperature of 176 5
degrees F (60 3 degrees C) for one hour. The
headlamp shall be energized in its highest wattage mode, with the test
voltage at 12.8 0.1 V. during immersion. The lamp
shall then be de-energized and immediately submerged in its design
mounting position into water at 32 +5 -0 degrees F (0 +3 -0 degrees C).
The water shall be in a pressurized vessel, and the pressure shall be
increased to 10 psi (70 kPa), upon placing the lamp in the water. The
lamp shall remain in the pressurized vessel for a period of thirty
minutes. This entire procedure shall be repeated for four cycles. Then
the lamp shall be inspected for any signs of water on its interior.
During the high temperature portion of the cycles, the lamp shall be
observed for signs of air escaping from its interior. If any water
occurs on the interior or air escapes, the lamp is not a sealed lamp.
S8.10 Chemical and corrosion resistance of reflectors of replaceable
lens headlamps.
S8.10.1 Chemical resistance. (a) With the headlamp in the headlamp
test fixture and the lens removed, the entire surface of the reflector
that receives light from a headlamp light source shall be wiped once to
the left and once to the right with a 6-inch square soft cotton cloth
(with pressure equally applied) which has been saturated once in a
container with 2 ounces of one of the test fluids listed in paragraph
(b). The lamp shall be wiped within 5 seconds after removal of the cloth
from the test fluid.
(b) The test fluids are:
(1) Tar remover (consisting by volume of 45% xylene and 55%
petroleum base mineral spirits);
(2) Mineral spirits; or
(3) Fluids other than water contained in the manufacturer's
instructions for cleaning the reflector.
(c) After the headlamp has been wiped with the test fluid, it shall
be stored in its designed operating attitude for 48 hours at a
temperature of 73 [deg]F 7[deg] (23 [deg]C 4[deg]) and a relative humidity of 30 10 percent. At the end of the 48-hour period, the
headlamp shall be wiped clean with a soft dry cotton cloth and visually
inspected.
S8.10.2 Corrosion. (a) The headlamp with the lens removed,
unfixtured and in its designed operating attitude with all drain holes,
breathing devices or other designed openings in their normal operating
positions, shall be subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance
with ASTM B117-73, Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, for 24 hours,
while mounted in the middle of the chamber.
(b) Afterwards, the headlamp shall be stored in its designed
operating attitude for 48 hours at a temperature of 73 [deg]F 7[deg] (23 [deg]C 4[deg]) and a
relative humidity of 30 10 percent and allowed to
dry by natural convection only. At the end of the 48-hour period, the
reflector shall be cleaned according to the instructions supplied with
the headlamp manufacturer's replacement lens, and inspected. The lens
and seal shall then be attached according to these instructions and the
headlamp tested for photometric performance.
S9. Deflection test for replaceable light sources. With the light
source rigidly mounted in a fixture in a manner indicated in Figure 8, a
force 4.0 0.1
[[Page 323]]
pounds (17.8 0.4N) is applied at a distance ``A''
from the reference plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
glass capsule and parallel to the smallest dimension of the pressed
glass capsule seal. The force shall be applied (using a rod with a hard
rubber tip with a minimum spherical radius of .039 in (1 mm)) radially
to the surface of the glass capsule in four locations in a plane
parallel to the reference plane and spaced at a distance ``A'' from that
plane. These force applications shall be spaced 90 degrees apart
starting at the point perpendicular to the smallest dimension of the
pressed seal of the glass capsule. The bulb deflection shall be measured
at the glass capsule surface at 180 degrees opposite to the force
application. Distance ``A'' for a replaceable light source other than an
HB Type shall be the dimension provided in accordance with Appendix A of
part 564 of this chapter, section I.A.1 if the light source has a lower
beam filament, or as specified in section I.B.1 if the light source has
only an upper beam filament.
S10 Simultaneous Aim Photometry Tests--(a) Type F Headlamp Systems.
The assembly shall be located on a goniometer placed not less than 60
feet (18.3m) from the photometer. The LF unit shall be aimed
mechanically by centering the unit on the photometer axis and by
aligning the aiming plane of the lens perpendicular to the photometer
axis. Then the assembly shall be moved in a plane parallel to the
established aiming plane of the LF headlamp until the UF headlamp is
centered on the photometer axis. Photometry measurements of the UF
photometry unit shall be completed using the aiming plane so
established, and the procedures of section 4.1 and 4.1.4 Standard J1383
APR85, and Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. A reaim tolerance of \1/4\ degree is permitted in any direction at any test
point.
(b) Integral Beam Headlamp Systems. The assembly used for
simultaneously aiming more than one integral beam headlamp shall be
placed on a test fixture on a goniometer located not less than 60 feet
(18.3 m.) from the photometer. The assembly shall be aimed by centering
the geometric center of the lower beam lens(es) on the photometer axis
and by aligning the photometer axis to be perpendicular to the aiming
reference plane or appropriate vertical plane defined by the
manufacturer of any lower beam contributor. Photometric compliance of
the lower beam shall be determined with all lower beam contributors
illuminated and in accordance with sections 4.1 and 4.1.6 of SAE
Standard J1383 APR85, and Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. The assembly shall
then be moved in a plane parallel to the established aiming plane of the
lower beam until the assembly is located with the geometric center of
the upper lens(es) on the photometer axis. Photometric compliance for
upper beam shall now be determined using the figure and procedure
specified for the lower beam. During photometric testing, a \1/4\ degree
reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point.
S11. Photometric Test. A lamp that is wired in accordance with
paragraph S5.5.11 of this standard, shall be tested for compliance with
S5.5.11(a)(1) in accordance with the test method specified for
photometric testing in SAE Standard J575 DEC88 when a test voltage of
12.8V 20 mV is applied to the input terminals of
the lamp switch module or voltage-reducing equipment, whichever is
closer to the electrical source on the vehicle. The test distance from
the lamp to the photometer shall be not less than 18.3 m, if the lamp is
optically combined with a headlamp, or is a separate lamp, and not less
than 3 m, if the lamp is optically combined with a lamp, other than a
headlamp, that is required by this standard.
S12. Headlamp Concealment Devices.
S12.1 While the headlamp is illuminated, its fully opened headlamp
concealment device shall remain fully opened should any loss of power to
or within the headlamp concealment device occur.
S12.2 Whenever any malfunction occurs in a component that controls
or conducts power for the actuation of the concealment device, each
closed headlamp concealment device shall be capable of being fully
opened by a means not requiring the use of any tools. Thereafter, the
headlamp concealment device must remain fully opened until intentionally
closed.
[[Page 324]]
S12.3 Except for malfunctions covered by S12.2, each headlamp
concealment device shall be capable of being fully opened and the
headlamps illuminated by actuation of a single switch, lever, or similar
mechanism, including a mechanism that is automatically actuated by a
change in ambient light conditions.
S12.4 Each headlamp concealment device shall be installed so that
the headlamp may be mounted, aimed, and adjusted without removing any
component of the device, other than components of the headlamp assembly.
S12.5 Except for cases of malfunction covered by S12.2, each
headlamp concealment device shall, within an ambient temperature range
of -20 [deg]F. to +120 [deg]F., be capable of being fully opened in not
more than 3 seconds after the actuation of a driver-operated control.
S12.6 As an alternative to complying with the requirements of S12.1
through S12.5, a vehicle with headlamps incorporating VHAD or visual/
optical aiming in accordance with paragraph S7 may meet the requirements
for Concealable lamps in paragraph 5.14 of the following version of the
Economic Commission for Europe Regulation 48 ``Uniform Provisions
Concerning the Approval of Vehicles With Regard to the Installation of
Lighting and Light-Signalling Devices'': E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505,
Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/Corr.2, 26 February 1996 (page 17), in the English
language version. A copy of paragraph 5.14 may be reviewed at the DOT
Docket Management Facility, U.S. Department of Transportation, Room PL-
01, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, D.C. 20590-0001. Copies of E/
ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505, Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/Corr.2, 26 February 1996 may
be obtained from the ECE internet site:
www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs.html or by writing to:
United Nations, Conference Services Division, Distribution and Sales
Section, Office C.115-1, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10,
Switzerland.
S12.7 Manufacturers of vehicles with headlamps incorporating VHAD or
visual/optical aiming shall elect to certify to S12.1 through S12.5 or
to S12.6 prior to, or at the time of certification of the vehicle,
pursuant to 49 CFR part 567. The selection is irrevocable.
Figures and Tables to Sec. 571.108
Figure 1a--Required Percentages of Minimum Candlepower of Figure 1b
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Turn
Test points (deg) signal Stop Parking Tail
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10U, 10D................................. 5L, 5R....................... 20 20 20 20
5U, 5D................................... 20L, 20R..................... 12.5 12.5 10 15
10L, 10R..................... 37.5 37.5 20 40
V............................ 87.5 87.5 70 90
H........................................ 10L, 10R..................... 50 50 35 40
5L, 5R....................... 100 100 90 100
V............................ 100 100 100 100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note--Minimum design candlepower requirements are determined by multiplying the percentages given in this Figure
by the minimum allowable candlepower values in Figure 1b. The resulting values shall be truncated after one
digit to the right of the decimal point.
Figure 1b--Minimum and Maximum Allowable Candlepower Values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lighted sections
Lamp ----------------------------------
1 2 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stop................................. 80/300 95/360 110/420
Tail \1\............................. 2/18 3.5/20 5.0/25
Parking \2\.......................... 4.0/125
Red turn signal...................... 80/300 95/360 110/420
Yellow turn signal rear.............. 130/750 150/900 175/1050
Yellow turn signal front............. 200/- 240- 275/-
Yellow turn signal front \3\......... 500/- 600/- 685/-
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum at H or above.
\2\ The maximum candlepower value of 125 applies to all test points at H
or above. The maximum allowable candlepower value below H is 250.
[[Page 325]]
\3\ Values apply when the optical axis (filament center) of the front
turn signal is at a spacing less than 4 in. (10 cm.) from the lighted
edge of the headlamp unit providing the lower beam, or from the
lighted edge of any additional lamp installed as original equipment
and which supplements the lower beam.
Figure 1c--Sum of the Percentages of Grouped Minimum Candlepower
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Turn
Group and test points signal Stop Parking Tail
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 10U-5L, 5U-20L, 5D-20L, 65 65 60 70
10D-5L.....................
2 5U-10L, H-10L, 5D-10L..... 125 125 75 120
3 H-5L, 5U-V, H-V, 5D-V, H- 475 475 420 480
5R.........................
4 5U-10R, H-10R, 5D-10R..... 125 125 75 120
5 10U-5R, 5U-20R, 5D-20R, 65 65 60 70
10D-5R.....................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Figure 2--Minimum Luminous Intensity Requirements for Backup Lamps
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total for
group,
Group Test point, degrees candela
(see note
1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 \1\ 45L-5U, 45L-H, 45L-5D............................... 45
2 \1\ 30L-H, 30L-5D....................................... 50
3 10L-10U, 10L-5U, V-10U, V-5U, 10R-10U, 10R-5U....... 100
4 10L-H, 10L-5D, V-H, V-5D, 10R-H, 10R-5D............. 360
5 \1\ 30R-H, 30R-5D....................................... 50
6 \1\ 45R-5U, 45R-H, 45R-5D............................... 45
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ When 2 lamps of the same or symmetrically opposite design are used,
the reading along the vertical axis and the averages of the readings
for the same angles left and right of vertical for 1 lamp shall be
used to determine compliance with the requirements. If 2 lamps of
differing designs are used, they shall be tested individually and the
values added to determine that the combined units meet twice the
candela requirements.
When only 1 backup lamp is used on the vehicle, it shall be tested to
twice the candela equirements.
Figure 3 [Reserved]
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Figure 10--Photometric Requirements for Center High-Mounted Stop Lamps
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
Minimum Zones (test points within zones, see total for
Individual test points intensity note 2) zone
(candela) (canadela)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10U-10L....................................... 8 Zone I (5U-V, H-5L, H-V, H-5R, 5D-V).. 125
-V............................................ 16
-10R.......................................... 8
5U-10L........................................ 16 Zone II (5U-5R, 5U-10R, H-10R, 5D-10R, 98
5D-5R).
-5L........................................... 25
-V............................................ 25
-5R........................................... 25
[[Page 334]]
-10R.......................................... 16
5D-10L........................................ 16 Zone III (5U-5L, 5U-10L, H-10L, 5D- 98
10L, 5D-5L).
-5L........................................... 25
-V............................................ 25
-5R........................................... 25
-10R.......................................... 16
H-10L......................................... 16 Zone IV (10U-10L, 10U-V, 10U-10R)..... 32
-5L........................................... 25
-V............................................ 25
-5R........................................... 25
-10R.......................................... 16
See Note 1.................................... \1\ 160
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note 1: The listed maximum shall not occur over any area larger than that generated by a \1/4\ degree radius
within an solid cone angle within the rectangle bounded by test points 10U-10L, 10U-10R, 5D-10L, and 5D-10R.
Note 2: The measured values at each test point shall not be less than 60% of the value listed.
\1\ Maximum intensity (Candela).
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Figure 29--Minimum Photometric Performance of Retroflective Sheeting in Candela/Lux/Square Meter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observation angle
--------------------------------------------
Entrance angle 0.2 Degree 0.5 Degree Grade
--------------------------------------------
White Red White Red
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-4 degree................................................ 250 60 65 15 DOT-C2
30 degree................................................ 250 60 65 15 DOT-C2
45 degree................................................ 60 15 15 4 DOT-C2
-4 degree................................................ 165 40 43 10 DOT-C3
30 degree................................................ 165 40 43 10 DOT-C3
45 degree................................................ 40 10 10 3 DOT-C3
-4 degree................................................ 125 30 33 8 DOT-C4
30 degree................................................ 125 30 33 8 DOT-C4
45 degree................................................ 30 8 8 2 DOT-C4
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Figure 32--Motorcycle and Motor-Driven Cycle Headlamp Photometric Requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test Points (deg.) Motor-Driven Cycle
---------------------------------------------------- Motorcycle Motor-Driven Cycle with Single Lamp
Up or Down Left or Right (candela) (candela) System (candela)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower Beam
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.5U........................... 1R to R........... 1400-MAX.......... 1400-MAX
1.5U........................... 1R to 3R.......... .................. .................. 1400-MAX.
1U............................. 1.5L to L......... 700-MAX........... 700-MAX........... 700-MAX.
0.5U........................... 1.5L to L......... 1000-MAX.......... 1000-MAX.......... 1000-MAX.
0.5U........................... 1R to 3R.......... 2700-MAX.......... 2700-MAX.......... 2700-MAX.
1.5D........................... 9L and 9R......... 700-MIN
2D............................. 0.0R.............. 7000-MIN.......... 5000-MIN.......... 4000-MIN.
2D............................. 3L and 3R......... 4000-MIN.......... 3000-MIN.......... 3000-MIN.
2D............................. 6L and 6R......... 1500-MIN.......... 1500-MIN.......... 1500-MIN.
2D............................. 12L and 12R....... 700-MIN
3D............................. 6L and 6R......... 800-MIN........... 800-MIN
4D............................. 0.0R.............. 2000-MIN.......... 2000-MIN.......... 1000-MIN.
4D............................. 4R................ 12500-MAX......... 12500-MAX......... 12500-MAX.
--------------------------------
Upper Beam
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2U............................. 0.0R.............. 1000-MIN
1U............................. 3L and 3R......... 2000-MIN.......... 2000-MIN.
0.0U........................... 0.0R.............. 12500-MIN......... 10000-MIN.
0.5D........................... 0.0R.............. 20000-MIN......... 20000-MIN.
0.5D........................... 3L and 3R......... 10000-MIN......... 5000-MIN.
0.5D........................... 6L and 6R......... 3300-MIN.......... 2000-MIN.
0.5D........................... 9L and 9R......... 1500-MIN
0.5D........................... 12L and 12R....... 800-MIN
1D............................. 0.0R.............. 17500-MIN......... 15000-MIN.
2D............................. 0.0R.............. 5000-MIN.......... 5000-MIN.
3D............................. 0.0R.............. 2500-MIN.......... 2500-MIN.
3D............................. 6L and 6R......... .................. 800-MIN.
3D............................. 9L and 9R......... 1500-MIN
3D............................. 12L and 12R....... 300-MIN
4D............................. 0.0R.............. 1500-MIN
4D............................. 0.0R.............. 7500-MAX.......... 7500-MAX.
ANYWHERE....................... ANYWHERE.......... 75000-MAX......... 75000-MAX.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table I--Required Motor Vehicle Lighting Equipment Other Than Headlamps
Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, Trucks, Trailers, and Buses, of 80 or More Inches Overall Width
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable SAE
standard or
Multipurpose passenger recommended practice
Item vehicles, trucks, and buses Trailers (See S5 for
subreferenced SAE
materials)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Taillamps.......................... 2 red...................... 2 red................. J585e, September 1977.
Stoplamps.......................... 2 red...................... 2 red................. SAE J1398, May 1985.
License plate lamp................. 1 white.................... 1 white............... J587 October 1981.
Reflex reflectors.................. 4 red; 2 amber............. 4 red; 2 amber........ J594f, January 1977.
Side marker lamps.................. 2 red; 2 amber............. 2 red; 2 amber........ J592e, July 1972.
Backup lamp........................ 1 white.................... None.................. J593c, February 1968.
Turn signal lamps.................. 2 red or amber; 2 amber.... 2 red or amber........ SAE J1395, April 1985.
Turn signal operating unit......... 1.......................... None.................. J589, April 1964.
Turn signal flasher................ 1.......................... None.................. J590b, October 1965.
Vehicular hazard warning signal 1.......................... None.................. J910, January 1966.
operating unit.
Vehicular hazard warning signal 1.......................... None.................. J945, February 1966.
flasher..
Identification lamps............... 3 amber; 3 red............. 3 red................. J592e, July 1972.
Clearance lamps.................... 2 amber; 2 red............. 2 amber, 2 red........ J592e, July 1972.
Intermediate side marker lamps. 2 amber.................... 2 amber............... J592e, July 1972.
Intermediate side reflex 2 amber.................... 2 amber............... J594f, January 1977.
reflectors.
Conspicuity........................ See S5.7................... See S5.7.............. See S5.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 361]]
Table II--Location of Required Equipment
Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, Trucks, Trailers, and Buses, of 80 or More Inches Overall Width
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Location on-- Height above road
-------------------------------------------------------- surface measured
Item Multipurpose passenger from center of item
vehicles, trucks, and Trailers on vehicle at curb
buses weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Headlamps......................... On the front, each Not required.............. Not less than 22
headlamp providing the inches (55.9 cm)
upper beam, at the same nor more than 54
height, 1 on each side of inches (137.2 cm).
the vertical centerline,
each headlamp providing
the lower beam, at the
same height, 1 on each
side of the vertical
centerline, as far apart
as practicable. See also
S7.
Taillamps......................... On the rear, 1 on each On the rear, 1 on each Not less than 15
side of the vertical side of the vertical inches, nor more
centerline, at the same centerline, at the same than 72 inches.
height, and as far apart height, and as far apart
as practicable. as practicable.
Stop lamps........................ ......do.................. ......do.................. Do.
License plate lamp................ At rear license plate, to At rear license plate, to No requirement.
illuminate the plate from illuminate the plate from
the top or sides. the top or sides.
Backup lamp....................... On the rear............... Not required.............. Do.
Turn signal lamps................. At or near the front--1 On the rear--1 red or Not less than 15
amber on each side of the amber on each side of the inches, nor more
vertical centerline, at vertical centerline, at than 83 inches.
the same height, and as the same height, and as
far apart as practicable. far apart as practicable.
On the rear--1 red or
amber on each side of the
vertical centerline, at
the same height, and as
far apart as practicable.
Identification lamps.............. On the front and rear--3 On the rear--3 lamps as No requirement.
lamps, amber in front, close as practicable to
red in rear, as close as the top of the vehicle at
practicable to the top of the same height, as close
the vehicle, at the same as practicable to the
height, as close as vertical centerline, with
practicable to the lamp centers spaced not
vertical centerline, with less than 6 inches or
lamp centers spaced not more than 12 inches apart.
less than 6 inches or
more than 12 inches
apart. Alternatively, the
front lamps may be
located as close as
practicable to the top of
the cab.
Clearance lamps................... On the front and rear--2 On the front and rear--2 Do.
amber lamps on front, 2 amber lamps on front, 2
red lamps on rear, to red lamps on rear, to
indicate the overall indicate the overall
width of the vehicle, one width of the vehicle, one
on each side of the on each side of the
vertical centerline, at vertical centerline, at
the same height, and as the same height, and as
near the top as near the top thereof as
practicable. practicable 2, 3 4.
Intermediate side marker lamps.... On each side--1 amber lamp On each side--1 amber lamp Not less than 15
located at or near the located at or near the inches.
midpoint between the midpoint between the
front and rear side front and rear side
marker lamps. marker lamps.
Intermediate side reflex On each side--1 amber On each side--1 amber Not less than 15
reflectors. located at or near the located at or near the inches nor more
midpoint between the midpoint between the than 60 inches.
front and rear side front and rear side
reflex reflectors. reflex reflectors.
Conspicuity....................... See S5.7.................. See S5.7.................. See S5.7
Reflex reflectors................. On the rear--1 red on each On the rear--1 red on each Do.
side of the vertical side of the vertical
centerline, as far apart centerline, as far apart
as practicable, and at as practicable, and at
the same height. the same height.
On each side--1 red as far On each side--1 red as far
to the rear as to the rear as
practicable, and 1 amber practicable, and 1 amber
as far to the front as as far to the front as
practicable. practicable.
Side marker lamps................. ......do.................. ......do.................. Not less than 15
inches, and on the
rear of trailers
not more than 60
inches.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 362]]
Table III--Required Motor Vehicle Lighting Equipment
[All Passenger Cars and Motorcycles, and Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, Trucks, Buses and Trailers of Less
Than 80 (2032) Inches (mm) Overall Width]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applicable SAE
Passenger cars, standard or
multipurpose recommended practice
Item passenger vehicles, Trailers Motorcycles (See S5 for
trucks, and buses subreferenced SAE
materials)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Headlamps..................... See S7.............. None............. See S7.9........ J566 January 1960.
Taillamps..................... 2 red............... 2 red............ 1 red........... J585e, September
1977.
Stoplamps..................... 2 red............... 2 red............ 1 red........... SAE J586, February
1984.
High-mounted stoplamp......... 1 red............... Not required..... Not required.... J186a, September
1977.
License plate lamp............ 1 white............. 1 white.......... 1 white......... J587, October 1981.
Parking lamps................. 2 amber or white.... None............. None............ J222, December 1970.
Reflex reflectors............. 4 red; 2 amber...... 4 red; 2 amber... 3 red; 2 amber.. J594f, January 1977.
Intermediate side reflex 2 amber............. 2 amber.......... None............ J594f, January 1977.
reflectors.
Intermediate side marker lamps 2 amber............. 2 amber.......... None............ J592e, July 1972.
Side marker lamps............. 2 red; 2 amber...... 2 red; 2 amber... None............ J592e, July 1972.
Backup lamp................... 1 white............. None............. None............ J593c, February 1968.
Turn signal lamps............. 2 red or amber; 2 2 red or amber... 2 amber; 2 red SAE J588, November
amber. or amber. 1984.
Turn signal operating unit.3, 1................... None............. 1............... J589, April 1964.
4.
Turn signal flasher........... 1................... None............. 1............... J590b, October 1965.
Vehicular hazard warning 1................... None............. None............ J910, January 1966.
signal operating unit.
Vehicular hazard warning 1................... None............. None............ J945, February 1966.
signal flasher.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table IV--Location of Required Equipment
[All Passenger Cars and Motorcycles, and Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, Trucks, Trailers, and Buses of Less
than 80 (2032) Inches (MM) Overall Width]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Location on--
------------------------------------------------------ Height above road
Passenger cars, surface measured from
Item multipurpose passenger center of item on
vehicles, trucks, Motorcycles vehicle at curb
trailers, and buses weight
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Headlamps.......................... On the front, each See S7.9................... Not less than 22
headlamp providing the inches (55.9 cm) nor
lower beam, at the more than 54 inches
same height, 1 on each (137.2 cm).
side of the vertical
centerline, each
headlamp providing the
upper beam, at the
same height, 1 on each
side of the vertical
center-line, as far
apart as practicable.
See also S7.
Taillamps.......................... On the rear--1 on each On the rear--on the Not less than 15
side of the vertical vertical centerline except inches, nor more
centerline, at the that if two are used, they than 72 inches.
same height, and as shall be symmetrically
far apart as disposed about the
practicable. vertical centerline.
Stoplamps.......................... On the rear--1 on each On the rear--on the Not less than 15
side of the vertical vertical centerline except inches, nor more
centerline, at the that if two are used, they than 72 inches.
same height, and as shall be symmetrically
far apart as disposed about the
practicable. vertical centerline.
High-mounted stoplamp.............. On the rear, on the Not required............... See S5.3.1.8 for
vertical centerline passenger cars. Not
[See S5.1.1.27, less than 34 inches
S5.3.1.8, and Table for multipurpose
III], effective passenger vehicles,
September 1, 1985, for trucks, and buses.
passenger cars only.
[[Page 363]]
License plate lamp................. At rear license plate, At rear license plate...... No requirement.
to illuminate the
plate from the top or
sides.
Parking lamps...................... On the front--1 on each Not required............... Not less than 15
side of the vertical inches, nor more
centerline, at the than 72 inches.
same height, and as
far apart as
practicable.
Reflex reflectors.................. On the rear--1 red on On the rear--1 red on the Not less than 15
each side of the vertical centerline except inches, nor more
vertical centerline, that, if two are used on than 60 inches.
at the same height, the rear, they shall be
and as far apart as symmetrically disposed
practicable. about the vertical
centerline.
On each side--1 red as On each side--1 red as far
far to the rear as to the rear as
practicable, and 1 practicable, and 1 amber
amber as far to the as far to the front as
front as practicable. practicable.
Backup lamp........................ On the rear............ Not required............... No requirement.
Turn signal lamps.................. At or near the front--1 At or near the front--1 Not less than 15
amber on each side of amber on each side of the inches, nor more
the vertical vertical centerline at the than 83 inches.
centerline, at the same height, and having a
same height, and as minimum horizontal
far apart as separation distance
practicable. (centerline of lamps) of
On the rear--1 red or 16 inches. Minimum edge to
amber on each side of edge separation distance
the vertical between lamp and headlamp
centerline, at the is 4 inches.
same height, and as At or near the rear--1 red
far apart as or amber on each side of
practicable. the vertical centerline,
at the same height and
having a minimum
horizontal separation
distance (centerline to
centerline of lamps) of 9
inches. Minimum edge to
edge separation distance
between lamp and tail or
stop lamp is 4-inches,
when a single stop and
taillamp is installed on
the vertical centerline
and the turn signal lamps
are red..
Side marker lamps.................. On each side--1 red as Not required............... Not less than 15
far to the rear as inches.
practicable, and 1
amber as far to the
front as practicable.
Intermediate side marker lamps..... On each side--1 amber Not required............... Not less than 15
located at or near the inches.
midpoint between the
front and rear side
marker lamps.
Intermediate side marker reflectors On each side--1 amber Not required............... Not less than 15
located at or near the inches, nor more
midpoint between the than 60 inches.
front and rear side
marker reflectors.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: (1) The term overall width refers to the nominal design dimension of the widest part of the vehicle,
exclusive of signal lamps, marker lamps, outside rearview mirrors, flexible fender extensions, and mud flaps,
determine with doors and windows closed, and the wheels in the straight-ahead position.
This supersedes the interpretation of the term ``overall width'' appearing in the Federal Register of March 1,
1967 (32 FR 3390).
(2) Paragraph S3.1 and Tables I and III of Sec. 571.108 as amended (32 FR 18033, Dec. 16, 1967), specify that
certain lamp assemblies shall conform to applicable SAE Standards. Each of these basically referenced
standards subreferences both SAE Standard J575 (tests for motor vehicle lighting devices and components) which
in turn references SAE Standard J573 on bulbs, and SAE Standard J567 on bulb sockets.
(3) Paragraph C of SAE Standard J575 states in part: ``Where special bulbs are specified, they should be
submitted with the devices and the same or similar bulbs used in the tests and operated at their rated mean
spherical candlepower.'' The Administrator has determined that this provision of SAE Standard J575 permits the
use of special bulbs, including tubular-type bulbs, which do not conform to the detailed requirements of Table
I of SAE Standard J573. It follows that the sockets for special bulbs need not conform to the detailed
requirements of SAE Standard J567. These provisions for special bulbs in no way except the lamp assemblies
from meeting all performance requirements specified in Federal Standard No. 108, including those specified in
the basically referenced SAE Standards, and in the subreferenced SAE Standard J575.
[41 FR 35522, Aug. 23, 1976]
Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec.
571.108, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.
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