[Code of Federal Regulations]

[Title 14, Volume 1]

[Revised as of January 1, 2006]

From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access

[CITE: 14CFR23.75]



[Page 191]

 

                     TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE

 

CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

 

PART 23_AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND 

COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES--Table of Contents

 

                            Subpart B_Flight

 

Sec. 23.75  Landing distance.



    The horizontal distance necessary to land and come to a complete 

stop from a point 50 feet above the landing surface must be determined, 

for standard temperatures at each weight and altitude within the 

operational limits established for landing, as follows:

    (a) A steady approach at not less than VREF, determined 

in accordance with Sec. 23.73 (a), (b), or (c), as appropriate, must be 

maintained down to the 50 foot height and--

    (1) The steady approach must be at a gradient of descent not greater 

than 5.2 percent (3 degrees) down to the 50-foot height.

    (2) In addition, an applicant may demonstrate by tests that a 

maximum steady approach gradient steeper than 5.2 percent, down to the 

50-foot height, is safe. The gradient must be established as an 

operating limitation and the information necessary to display the 

gradient must be available to the pilot by an appropriate instrument.

    (b) A constant configuration must be maintained throughout the 

maneuver.

    (c) The landing must be made without excessive vertical acceleration 

or tendency to bounce, nose over, ground loop, porpoise, or water loop.

    (d) It must be shown that a safe transition to the balked landing 

conditions of Sec. 23.77 can be made from the conditions that exist at 

the 50 foot height, at maximum landing weight, or at the maximum landing 

weight for altitude and temperature of Sec. 23.63 (c)(2) or (d)(2), as 

appropriate.

    (e) The brakes must be used so as to not cause excessive wear of 

brakes or tires.

    (f) Retardation means other than wheel brakes may be used if that 

means--

    (1) Is safe and reliable; and

    (2) Is used so that consistent results can be expected in service.

    (g) If any device is used that depends on the operation of any 

engine, and the landing distance would be increased when a landing is 

made with that engine inoperative, the landing distance must be 

determined with that engine inoperative unless the use of other 

compensating means will result in a landing distance not more than that 

with each engine operating.



[Amdt. 23-21, 43 FR 2318, Jan. 16, 1978, as amended by Amdt. 23-34, 52 

FR 1828, Jan. 15, 1987; Amdt. 23-42, 56 FR 351, Jan. 3, 1991; Amdt. 23-

50, 61 FR 5187, Feb. 9, 1996]