[Code of Federal Regulations] [Title 14, Volume 1] [Revised as of January 1, 2006] From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access [CITE: 14CFR29.1] [Page 645-649] TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PART 29_AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT--Table of Contents Subpart A_General Sec. 29.1 Applicability. Subpart A_General Sec. 29.1 Applicability. 29.2 Special retroactive requirements. Subpart B_Flight General 29.21 Proof of compliance. 29.25 Weight limits. 29.27 Center of gravity limits. 29.29 Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity. 29.31 Removable ballast. 29.33 Main rotor speed and pitch limits. Performance 29.45 General. 29.49 Performance at minimum operating speed. [[Page 646]] 29.51 Takeoff data: general. 29.53 Takeoff: Category A. 29.55 Takeoff decision point (TDP): Category A. 29.59 Takeoff path: Category A. 29.60 Elevated heliport takeoff path: Category A. 29.61 Takeoff distance: Category A. 29.62 Rejected takeoff: Category A. 29.63 Takeoff: Category B. 29.64 Climb: General. 29.65 Climb: All engines operating. 29.67 Climb: One engine inoperative (OEI). 29.71 Helicopter angle of glide: Category B. 29.75 Landing: General. 29.77 Landing Decision Point (LDP): Category A. 29.79 Landing: Category A. 29.81 Landing distance: Category A. 29.83 Landing: Category B. 29.85 Balked landing: Category A. 29.87 Height-velocity envelope. Flight Characteristics 29.141 General. 29.143 Controllability and maneuverability. 29.151 Flight controls. 29.161 Trim control. 29.171 Stability: general. 29.173 Static longitudinal stability. 29.175 Demonstration of static longitudinal stability. 29.177 Static directional stability. 29.181 Dynamic stability: Category A rotorcraft. Ground and Water Handling Characteristics 29.231 General. 29.235 Taxiing condition. 29.239 Spray characteristics. 29.241 Ground resonance. Miscellaneous Flight Requirements 29.251 Vibration. Subpart C_Strength Requirements General 29.301 Loads. 29.303 Factor of safety. 29.305 Strength and deformation. 29.307 Proof of structure. 29.309 Design limitations. Flight Loads 29.321 General. 29.337 Limit maneuvering load factor. 29.339 Resultant limit maneuvering loads. 29.341 Gust loads. 29.351 Yawing conditions. 29.361 Engine torque. Control Surface and System Loads 29.391 General. 29.395 Control system. 29.397 Limit pilot forces and torques. 29.399 Dual control system. 29.411 Ground clearance: tail rotor guard. 29.427 Unsymmetrical loads. Ground Loads 29.471 General. 29.473 Ground loading conditions and assumptions. 29.475 Tires and shock absorbers. 29.477 Landing gear arrangement. 29.479 Level landing conditions. 29.481 Tail-down landing conditions. 29.483 One-wheel landing conditions. 29.485 Lateral drift landing conditions. 29.493 Braked roll conditions. 29.497 Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels. 29.501 Ground loading conditions: landing gear with skids. 29.505 Ski landing conditions. 29.511 Ground load: unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units. Water Loads 29.519 Hull type rotorcraft: Water-based and amphibian. 29.521 Float landing conditions. Main Component Requirements 29.547 Main and tail rotor structure. 29.549 Fuselage and rotor pylon structures. 29.551 Auxiliary lifting surfaces. Emergency Landing Conditions 29.561 General. 29.562 Emergency landing dynamic conditions. 29.563 Structural ditching provisions. Fatigue Evaluation 29.571 Fatigue evaluation of structure. Subpart D_Design and Construction General 29.601 Design. 29.602 Critical parts. 29.603 Materials. 29.605 Fabrication methods. 29.607 Fasteners. 29.609 Protection of structure. 29.610 Lightning and static electricity protection. 29.611 Inspection provisions. 29.613 Material strength properties and design values. 29.619 Special factors. 29.621 Casting factors. 29.623 Bearing factors. 29.625 Fitting factors. 29.629 Flutter and divergence. 29.631 Bird strike. [[Page 647]] Rotors 29.653 Pressure venting and drainage of rotor blades. 29.659 Mass balance. 29.661 Rotor blade clearance. 29.663 Ground resonance prevention means. Control Systems 29.671 General. 29.672 Stability augmentation, automatic, and power-operated systems. 29.673 Primary flight controls. 29.674 Interconnected controls. 29.675 Stops. 29.679 Control system locks. 29.681 Limit load static tests. 29.683 Operation tests. 29.685 Control system details. 29.687 Spring devices. 29.691 Autorotation control mechanism. 29.695 Power boost and power-operated control system. Landing Gear 29.723 Shock absorption tests. 29.725 Limit drop test. 29.727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. 29.729 Retracting mechanism. 29.731 Wheels. 29.733 Tires. 29.735 Brakes. 29.737 Skis. Floats and Hulls 29.751 Main float buoyancy. 29.753 Main float design. 29.755 Hull buoyancy. 29.757 Hull and auxiliary float strength. Personnel and Cargo Accommodations 29.771 Pilot compartment. 29.773 Pilot compartment view. 29.775 Windshields and windows. 29.777 Cockpit controls. 29.779 Motion and effect of cockpit controls. 29.783 Doors. 29.785 Seats, berths, litters, safety belts, and harnesses. 29.787 Cargo and baggage compartments. 29.801 Ditching. 29.803 Emergency evacuation. 29.805 Flight crew emergency exits. 29.807 Passenger emergency exits. 29.809 Emergency exit arrangement. 29.811 Emergency exit marking. 29.812 Emergency lighting. 29.813 Emergency exit access. 29.815 Main aisle width. 29.831 Ventilation. 29.833 Heaters. Fire Protection 29.851 Fire extinguishers. 29.853 Compartment interiors. 29.855 Cargo and baggage compartments. 29.859 Combustion heater fire protection. 29.861 Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts. 29.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. External Loads 29.865 External loads. Miscellaneous 29.871 Leveling marks. 29.873 Ballast provisions. Subpart E_Powerplant General 29.901 Installation. 29.903 Engines. 29.907 Engine vibration. 29.908 Cooling fans. Rotor Drive System 29.917 Design. 29.921 Rotor brake. 29.923 Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests. 29.927 Additional tests. 29.931 Shafting critical speed. 29.935 Shafting joints. 29.939 Turbine engine operating characteristics. Fuel System 29.951 General. 29.952 Fuel system crash resistance. 29.953 Fuel system independence. 29.954 Fuel system lightning protection. 29.955 Fuel flow. 29.957 Flow between interconnected tanks. 29.959 Unusable fuel supply. 29.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. 29.963 Fuel tanks: general. 29.965 Fuel tank tests. 29.967 Fuel tank installation. 29.969 Fuel tank expansion space. 29.971 Fuel tank sump. 29.973 Fuel tank filler connection. 29.975 Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents. 29.977 Fuel tank outlet. 29.979 Pressure refueling and fueling provisions below fuel level. Fuel System Components 29.991 Fuel pumps. 29.993 Fuel system lines and fittings. 29.995 Fuel valves. 29.997 Fuel strainer or filter. 29.999 Fuel system drains. 29.1001 Fuel jettisoning. Oil System 29.1011 Engines: general. 29.1013 Oil tanks. 29.1015 Oil tank tests. 29.1017 Oil lines and fittings. [[Page 648]] 29.1019 Oil strainer or filter. 29.1021 Oil system drains. 29.1023 Oil radiators. 29.1025 Oil valves. 29.1027 Transmission and gearboxes: general. Cooling 29.1041 General. 29.1043 Cooling tests. 29.1045 Climb cooling test procedures. 29.1047 Takeoff cooling test procedures. 29.1049 Hovering cooling test procedures. Induction System 29.1091 Air induction. 29.1093 Induction system icing protection. 29.1101 Carburetor air preheater design. 29.1103 Induction systems ducts and air duct systems. 29.1105 Induction system screens. 29.1107 Inter-coolers and after-coolers. 29.1109 Carburetor air cooling. Exhaust System 29.1121 General. 29.1123 Exhaust piping. 29.1125 Exhaust heat exchangers. Powerplant Controls and Accessories 29.1141 Powerplant controls: general. 29.1142 Auxiliary power unit controls. 29.1143 Engine controls. 29.1145 Ignition switches. 29.1147 Mixture controls. 29.1151 Rotor brake controls. 29.1157 Carburetor air temperature controls. 29.1159 Supercharger controls. 29.1163 Powerplant accessories. 29.1165 Engine ignition systems. Powerplant Fire Protection 29.1181 Designated fire zones: regions included. 29.1183 Lines, fittings, and components. 29.1185 Flammable fluids. 29.1187 Drainage and ventilation of fire zones. 29.1189 Shutoff means. 29.1191 Firewalls. 29.1193 Cowling and engine compartment covering. 29.1194 Other surfaces. 29.1195 Fire extinguishing systems. 29.1197 Fire extinguishing agents. 29.1199 Extinguishing agent containers. 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1203 Fire detector systems. Subpart F_Equipment General 29.1301 Function and installation. 29.1303 Flight and navigation instruments. 29.1305 Powerplant instruments. 29.1307 Miscellaneous equipment. 29.1309 Equipment, systems, and installations. Instruments: Installation 29.1321 Arrangement and visibility. 29.1322 Warning, caution, and advisory lights. 29.1323 Airspeed indicating system. 29.1325 Static pressure and pressure altimeter systems. 29.1327 Magnetic direction indicator. 29.1329 Automatic pilot system. 29.1331 Instruments using a power supply. 29.1333 Instrument systems. 29.1335 Flight director systems. 29.1337 Powerplant instruments. Electrical Systems and Equipment 29.1351 General. 29.1353 Electrical equipment and installations. 29.1355 Distribution system. 29.1357 Circuit protective devices. 29.1359 Electrical system fire and smoke protection. 29.1363 Electrical system tests. Lights 29.1381 Instrument lights. 29.1383 Landing lights. 29.1385 Position light system installation. 29.1387 Position light system dihedral angles. 29.1389 Position light distribution and intensities. 29.1391 Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights. 29.1393 Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights. 29.1395 Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights. 29.1397 Color specifications. 29.1399 Riding light. 29.1401 Anticollision light system. Safety Equipment 29.1411 General. 29.1413 Safety belts: passenger warning device. 29.1415 Ditching equipment. 29.1419 Ice protection. Miscellaneous Equipment 29.1431 Electronic equipment. 29.1433 Vacuum systems. 29.1435 Hydraulic systems. 29.1439 Protective breathing equipment. 29.1457 Cockpit voice recorders. 29.1459 Flight recorders. 29.1461 Equipment containing high energy rotors. [[Page 649]] Subpart G_Operating Limitations and Information 29.1501 General. Operating Limitations 29.1503 Airspeed limitations: general. 29.1505 Never-exceed speed. 29.1509 Rotor speed. 29.1517 Limiting height-speed envelope. 29.1519 Weight and center of gravity. 29.1521 Powerplant limitations. 29.1522 Auxiliary power unit limitations. 29.1523 Minimum flight crew. 29.1525 Kinds of operations. 29.1527 Maximum operating altitude. 29.1529 Instructions for Continued Air worthiness. Markings and Placards 29.1541 General. 29.1543 Instrument markings: general. 29.1545 Airspeed indicator. 29.1547 Magnetic direction indicator. 29.1549 Powerplant instruments. 29.1551 Oil quantity indicator. 29.1553 Fuel quantity indicator. 29.1555 Control markings. 29.1557 Miscellaneous markings and placards. 29.1559 Limitations placard. 29.1561 Safety equipment. 29.1565 Tail rotor. Rotorcraft Flight Manual 29.1581 General. 29.1583 Operating limitations. 29.1585 Operating procedures. 29.1587 Performance information. 29.1589 Loading information. Appendix A to Part 29--Instructions for Continued Airworthiness Appendix B to Part 29--Airworthiness Criteria for Helicopter Instrument Flight Appendix C to Part 29--Icing Certification Appendix D to Part 29--Criteria for Demonstration of Emergency Evacuation Procedures Under Sec. 29.803 Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44704. Source: Docket No. 5084, 29 FR 16150, Dec. 3, 1964, unless otherwise noted. (a) This part prescribes airworthiness standards for the issue of type certificates, and changes to those certificates, for transport category rotorcraft. (b) Transport category rotorcraft must be certificated in accordance with either the Category A or Category B requirements of this part. A multiengine rotorcraft may be type certificated as both Category A and Category B with appropriate and different operating limitations for each category. (c) Rotorcraft with a maximum weight greater than 20,000 pounds and 10 or more passenger seats must be type certificated as Category A rotorcraft. (d) Rotorcraft with a maximum weight greater than 20,000 pounds and nine or less passenger seats may be type certificated as Category B rotorcraft provided the Category A requirements of Subparts C, D, E, and F of this part are met. (e) Rotorcraft with a maximum weight of 20,000 pounds or less but with 10 or more passenger seats may be type certificated as Category B rotorcraft provided the Category A requirements of Sec. Sec. 29.67(a)(2), 29.87, 29.1517, and subparts C, D, E, and F of this part are met. (f) Rotorcraft with a maximum weight of 20,000 pounds or less and nine or less passenger seats may be type certificated as Category B rotorcraft. (g) Each person who applies under Part 21 for a certificate or change described in paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section must show compliance with the applicable requirements of this part. [Amdt. 29-21, 48 FR 4391, Jan. 31, 1983, as amended by Amdt. 29-39, 61 FR 21898, May 10, 1996; 61 FR 33963, July 1, 1996]