[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 9, Volume 1]
[Revised as of January 1, 2006]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 9CFR91.28]
[Page 366-368]
TITLE 9--ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS
CHAPTER I--ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
PART 91_INSPECTION AND HANDLING OF LIVESTOCK FOR EXPORTATION--Table
of Contents
Subpart D_Inspection of Vessels and Accommodations
Sec. 91.28 Stanchions and rails.
(a)(1) Pipes used for stanchions and rails for pens aboard an ocean
vessel shall be made of zinc coated, galvanized, extra strong, medium
carbon steel. Steel pipes or other steel profiles shall consist of not
less than 4 pipes or profiles, the upper one to have 3 inch diameter and
the others a diameter of not less than 2\1/2\ inches. Stanchions shall
not be of less than 3\1/2\ inches diameter; shall not be of less than
\5/16\ inch thickness and shall not be placed more than 8 feet apart
center to center.
(2) Threaded pipe connections shall not be used. All parts shall be
cut from factory fabricated, seamless pipe.
(3) Bolt and pin holes shall not be drilled to more than \1/32\ inch
oversize. Holes shall be properly located and centered on pipe.
(4) Pipe shall not be deformed or weakened by welding such items as
reinforcing rods or hinges thereto. Welding shall be used for such
attachment to be exposed in the finished work. Pins, plates, and parts
other than pipe shall be made of galvanized steel. All areas where
galvanizing of the steel has eroded or has been damaged shall be
finished with a rust preventative.
(5) Pipe rails shall be placed in proper alignment with tops of all
gates at the same height.
(b) All gates of animal pens aboard an ocean vessel shall have
smooth finished surfaces and the pivot-pins shall have a minimum
diameter of \3/4\ inch.
(c) Animals may be carried on upper decks of an ocean vessel in
space abutting the outside rails or bulwarks only if such rails or
bulwarks are 3 feet or more in height from the deck and are of
sufficient strength to hold the necessary fittings securely or if the
space available is sufficient to permit securing the required fittings
to provide the necessary strength. When animals are carried on upper
decks, bulkheads shall be erected at all unprotected ends of stalls.
(d)(1) Cattle and horses. Rail stanchions for pens aboard an ocean
vessel for cattle or horses shall be constructed of not less that
4 or 6 lumber set 5 feet apart on centers secured
to the ship's rail or bulwark with \5/8\ inch or larger bolts or collars
and with heels raced to the sheer streak or waterway. Inboard stanchions
of 4x6 lumber shall be set in line with the rail
stanchions and properly braced: Provided, however, That the method of
securing and bracing of stanchions may be modified as approved by the
underwriter of the cargo bureau, and the inspector. Information
concerning the modifications shall be made available to APHIS, at its
request. On open rail ships, spaces between the rails shall be blocked
out to permit the affixing of outside planking. If supplementary
stanchions are required for rump boards, these shall not be less than
3x4 in size and shall be secured to beams and
decks as outlined above. On upper deck fittings at ends of unprotected
stalls, a stanchion not less than 3x4 in size
shall be similarly spaced and secured to beams and decks and properly
braced. Stanchions on underdecks shall be constructed, spaced, and
secured in the same manner as upper deck fittings.
(2) Sheep, goats, and swine. Stanchions for single or double tier
pens for sheep, goats, and swine shall be constructed of not less
3x4 lumber set at not greater distance than 5 feet
on centers and secured as outlined in paragraph (d)(1).
(e) For all animals, two beams of 2x6 lumber
shall be bolted on each side of the stanchions using \5/8\ inch bolts,
nuts, and washers. Beams shall extend from outside planking to at least
2 feet beyond the line of the breast boards unless the beams butt on the
ship's deck fittings. Two beams of 2x6 lumber
shall be used to support the roof of single tier pens on exposed decks
and the floor of double tier pens on all decks.
(f) All pens for carrying animals on exposed decks aboard an ocean
vessel shall be roofed with not less than 1
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inch thick, watertight lumber extending from outside planking to at
least 2 feet beyond the line of breast boards: Provided, That, if tongue
and grooved lumber is used, it must be caulked or covered so that it is
watertight or if square edged lumber is used it shall be covered with a
saturated roofing paper known to the trade as 30 pound roofing paper and
shall be securely battened.
(g) All pens for carrying animals on exposed decks shall be provided
with outside planking of not less than 1\1/2\ inch tongue and groove
lumber, laid fore and aft of ship, driven tightly together and securely
nailed to backs of stanchions in a manner to cover all open spaces
properly. However, during warm weather the top course planking may be
left off in order to allow a free circulation of air. On vessels with
closed bulwarks, the outside planking shall extend not less than 6
inches below the upper edge of the bulwark.
(h)(1) Horses. All stalls and pens for horses shall be equipped with
breast boards of no less than 2x10 dressed lumber
with the top edge placed 3 feet 10 inches from the floor and securely
nailed to the stanchions. Where butting occurs, the joints are to be on
the stanchions and shall be covered with metal plates 3 inches square or
5 inches in diameter and not less than \1/4\ inch in thickness. A \5/8\
inch bolt shall then be passed through the plate, joint, and stanchion
and securely fastened with a nut. All breast boards shall have 1 inch
holes bored through them at proper distances for tying animals. An
occassional pen shall be provided with a removable breast board in order
that animals may be loaded into and removed from the stalls and pens.
All stalls and pens shall be provided with foot boards of not less than
2x10 lumber securely nailed or bolted to the
stanchions. At the discretion of the inspector, small ponies, asses,
small mules, mares with foal at foot, young unbroken horses or gentle
horses of any size may be stowed loose in pens. In these cases, a
sufficient number of finished 2x10 lumber shall be
placed between the breast and foot boards to effectively contain the
animals.
(2) Cattle. All stalls and pens for cattle shall be provided with
boards as required for horses in paragraph (a), except that the front or
breast boards shall be constructed in sets of three or more boards of
2x10 dressed lumber separated by 3 inch spacers
and placed on the foot board so that the front of the pen extends 48
inches or more in height from the floor. One or more of the breast
boards may be left off if feed or water troughs are to be mounted
externally.
(3) Sheep, goats, and swine. Front boards in pens for sheep, goats,
and swine shall be of not less than 1x6 pieces of
lumber approximately spaced and extending to the proper height for these
species of animals. Provision shall be made for removing a section of
front boards to allow entry of animals into pens or removal therefrom
and for feeding or watering.
(i)(1) Horses and cattle. Rump boards in pens for horses or cattle
shall form a solid wall at least 4 feet high for cattle and 4 feet 6
inches high for horses and shall be of lumber not less than 1\1/2\
inches thick if tongued and grooved or 2 inches thick if square edged or
of plywood of the same strength. Where the deck is clear of
obstructions, rump boards may be set on the inside of the rail
stanchions. When this is not possible, sections so affected may be
brought forward to clear such obstructions and shall be fastened by
stanchions provided for this purpose. On lower decks where the ship's
construction so justifies, rump boards may be affixed to
2x6 wooden pieces set the same as prescribed for
stanchions. Rump boards may be formed by filling spaces between cargo
battens. Rump boards in stalls or pens built alongside hatches need be
carried down only to the coaming line.
(2) Sheep, goats, and swine. Pens for sheep, goats, and swine on all
exposed decks shall be provided with rump boards of the specified size
built to a height of 2 feet 6 inches.
(j)(1) Horses and cattle. Division boards in pens for horses and
cattle shall be used to separate all stalls and pens and to close the
sides thereof at the ends of rows. They shall be used in sets of four
boards of 2x10 dressed lumber separated by 3 inch
spacers, shall extend from the rump boards to the inboard stanchions,
and shall be fitted into appropriate channels or
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slots at both ends in a manner that will permit their ready removal.
(2) Sheep, goats, and swine. Division boards and those forming ends
of pens for sheep, goats, and swine shall be the same as prescribed for
rump boards for these animals in paragraph (i) of this section.
[45 FR 28990, June 7, 1977. Redesignated at 45 FR 86413, Dec. 31, 1980,
and amended at 57 FR 23047, June 1, 1992]