[Code of Federal Regulations] [Title 34, Volume 2] [Revised as of July 1, 2006] From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access [CITE: 34CFR361.5] [Page 243-254] TITLE 34--EDUCATION CHAPTER III--OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PART 361_STATE VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION SERVICES PROGRAM--Table of Contents Subpart A_General Sec. 361.5 Applicable definitions. (a) Definitions in EDGAR. The following terms used in this part are defined in 34 CFR 77.1: Department EDGAR Fiscal year Nonprofit Private Public Secretary (b) Other definitions. The following definitions also apply to this part: (1) Act means the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.). (2) Administrative costs under the State plan means expenditures incurred in the performance of administrative functions under the vocational rehabilitation program carried out under this part, including expenses related to program planning, development, monitoring, and evaluation, including, but not limited to, expenses for-- (i) Quality assurance; (ii) Budgeting, accounting, financial management, information systems, and related data processing; (iii) Providing information about the program to the public; (iv) Technical assistance and support services to other State agencies, private nonprofit organizations, and businesses and industries, except for technical assistance and support services described in Sec. 361.49(a)(4); (v) The State Rehabilitation Council and other advisory committees; (vi) Professional organization membership dues for designated State unit employees; (vii) The removal of architectural barriers in State vocational rehabilitation agency offices and State-operated rehabilitation facilities; (viii) Operating and maintaining designated State unit facilities, equipment, and grounds; (ix) Supplies; (x) Administration of the comprehensive system of personnel development described in Sec. 361.18, including personnel administration, administration of affirmative action plans, and training and staff development; (xi) Administrative salaries, including clerical and other support staff salaries, in support of these administrative functions; (xii) Travel costs related to carrying out the program, other than travel costs related to the provision of services; (xiii) Costs incurred in conducting reviews of determinations made by personnel of the designated State unit, including costs associated with mediation and impartial due process hearings under Sec. 361.57; and (xiv) Legal expenses required in the administration of the program. (Authority: Section 7(1) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(1)) (3) American Indian means an individual who is a member of an Indian tribe. (Authority: Section 7(19)(A) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(19)(A)) [[Page 244]] (4) Applicant means an individual who submits an application for vocational rehabilitation services in accordance with Sec. 361.41(b)(2). (Authority: Section 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) (5) Appropriate modes of communication means specialized aids and supports that enable an individual with a disability to comprehend and respond to information that is being communicated. Appropriate modes of communication include, but are not limited to, the use of interpreters, open and closed captioned videos, specialized telecommunications services and audio recordings, Brailled and large print materials, materials in electronic formats, augmentative communication devices, graphic presentations, and simple language materials. (Authority: Section 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) (6) Assessment for determining eligibility and vocational rehabilitation needs means, as appropriate in each case-- (i)(A) A review of existing data-- (1) To determine if an individual is eligible for vocational rehabilitation services; and (2) To assign priority for an order of selection described in Sec. 361.36 in the States that use an order of selection; and (B) To the extent necessary, the provision of appropriate assessment activities to obtain necessary additional data to make the eligibility determination and assignment; (ii) To the extent additional data are necessary to make a determination of the employment outcomes and the nature and scope of vocational rehabilitation services to be included in the individualized plan for employment of an eligible individual, a comprehensive assessment to determine the unique strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice, including the need for supported employment, of the eligible individual. This comprehensive assessment-- (A) Is limited to information that is necessary to identify the rehabilitation needs of the individual and to develop the individualized plan of employment of the eligible individual; (B) Uses as a primary source of information, to the maximum extent possible and appropriate and in accordance with confidentiality requirements-- (1) Existing information obtained for the purposes of determining the eligibility of the individual and assigning priority for an order of selection described in Sec. 361.36 for the individual; and (2) Information that can be provided by the individual and, if appropriate, by the family of the individual; (C) May include, to the degree needed to make such a determination, an assessment of the personality, interests, interpersonal skills, intelligence and related functional capacities, educational achievements, work experience, vocational aptitudes, personal and social adjustments, and employment opportunities of the individual and the medical, psychiatric, psychological, and other pertinent vocational, educational, cultural, social, recreational, and environmental factors that affect the employment and rehabilitation needs of the individual; and (D) May include, to the degree needed, an appraisal of the patterns of work behavior of the individual and services needed for the individual to acquire occupational skills and to develop work attitudes, work habits, work tolerance, and social and behavior patterns necessary for successful job performance, including the use of work in real job situations to assess and develop the capacities of the individual to perform adequately in a work environment; (iii) Referral, for the provision of rehabilitation technology services to the individual, to assess and develop the capacities of the individual to perform in a work environment; and (iv) An exploration of the individual's abilities, capabilities, and capacity to perform in work situations, which must be assessed periodically during trial work experiences, including experiences in which the individual is provided appropriate supports and training. (Authority: Section 7(2) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(2)) [[Page 245]] (7) Assistive technology device means any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of an individual with a disability. (Authority: Section 7(3) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(3)) (8) Assistive technology service means any service that directly assists an individual with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device, including-- (i) The evaluation of the needs of an individual with a disability, including a functional evaluation of the individual in his or her customary environment; (ii) Purchasing, leasing, or otherwise providing for the acquisition by an individual with a disability of an assistive technology device; (iii) Selecting, designing, fitting, customizing, adapting, applying, maintaining, repairing, or replacing assistive technology devices; (iv) Coordinating and using other therapies, interventions, or services with assistive technology devices, such as those associated with existing education and rehabilitation plans and programs; (v) Training or technical assistance for an individual with a disability or, if appropriate, the family members, guardians, advocates, or authorized representatives of the individual; and (vi) Training or technical assistance for professionals (including individuals providing education and rehabilitation services), employers, or others who provide services to, employ, or are otherwise substantially involved in the major life functions of individuals with disabilities, to the extent that training or technical assistance is necessary to the achievement of an employment outcome by an individual with a disability. (Authority: Sections 7(4) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(4) and 709(c)) (9) Community rehabilitation program. (i) Community rehabilitation program means a program that provides directly or facilitates the provision of one or more of the following vocational rehabilitation services to individuals with disabilities to enable those individuals to maximize their opportunities for employment, including career advancement: (A) Medical, psychiatric, psychological, social, and vocational services that are provided under one management. (B) Testing, fitting, or training in the use of prosthetic and orthotic devices. (C) Recreational therapy. (D) Physical and occupational therapy. (E) Speech, language, and hearing therapy. (F) Psychiatric, psychological, and social services, including positive behavior management. (G) Assessment for determining eligibility and vocational rehabilitation needs. (H) Rehabilitation technology. (I) Job development, placement, and retention services. (J) Evaluation or control of specific disabilities. (K) Orientation and mobility services for individuals who are blind. (L) Extended employment. (M) Psychosocial rehabilitation services. (N) Supported employment services and extended services. (O) Services to family members if necessary to enable the applicant or eligible individual to achieve an employment outcome. (P) Personal assistance services. (Q) Services similar to the services described in paragraphs (A) through (P) of this definition. (ii) For the purposes of this definition, the word program means an agency, organization, or institution, or unit of an agency, organization, or institution, that provides directly or facilitates the provision of vocational rehabilitation services as one of its major functions. (10) Comparable services and benefits means-- (i) Services and benefits that are-- (A) Provided or paid for, in whole or in part, by other Federal, State, or local public agencies, by health insurance, or by employee benefits; [[Page 246]] (B) Available to the individual at the time needed to ensure the progress of the individual toward achieving the employment outcome in the individual's individualized plan for employment in accordance with Sec. 361.53; and (C) Commensurate to the services that the individual would otherwise receive from the designated State vocational rehabilitation agency. (ii) For the purposes of this definition, comparable benefits do not include awards and scholarships based on merit. (Authority: Sections 12(c) and 101(a)(8) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c) and 721(a)(8)) (11) Competitive employment means work-- (i) In the competitive labor market that is performed on a full-time or part-time basis in an integrated setting; and (ii) For which an individual is compensated at or above the minimum wage, but not less than the customary wage and level of benefits paid by the employer for the same or similar work performed by individuals who are not disabled. (Authority: Sections 7(11) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(11) and 709(c)) (12) Construction of a facility for a public or nonprofit community rehabilitation program means-- (i) The acquisition of land in connection with the construction of a new building for a community rehabilitation program; (ii) The construction of new buildings; (iii) The acquisition of existing buildings; (iv) The expansion, remodeling, alteration, or renovation of existing buildings; (v) Architect's fees, site surveys, and soil investigation, if necessary, in connection with the construction project; (vi) The acquisition of initial fixed or movable equipment of any new, newly acquired, newly expanded, newly remodeled, newly altered, or newly renovated buildings that are to be used for community rehabilitation program purposes; and (vii) Other direct expenditures appropriate to the construction project, except costs of off-site improvements. (Authority: Sections 7(6) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(6) and 709(c)) (13) Designated State agency or State agency means the sole State agency, designated in accordance with Sec. 361.13(a), to administer, or supervise the local administration of, the State plan for vocational rehabilitation services. The term includes the State agency for individuals who are blind, if designated as the sole State agency with respect to that part of the plan relating to the vocational rehabilitation of individuals who are blind. (Authority: Sections 7(8)(A) and 101(a)(2)(A) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(8)(A) and 721(a)(2)(A)) (14) Designated State unit or State unit means either-- (i) The State vocational rehabilitation bureau, division, or other organizational unit that is primarily concerned with vocational rehabilitation or vocational and other rehabilitation of individuals with disabilities and that is responsible for the administration of the vocational rehabilitation program of the State agency, as required under Sec. 361.13(b); or (ii) The State agency that is primarily concerned with vocational rehabilitation or vocational and other rehabilitation of individuals with disabilities. (Authority: Sections 7(8)(B) and 101(a)(2)(B) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(8)(B) and 721(a)(2)(B)) (15) Eligible individual means an applicant for vocational rehabilitation services who meets the eligibility requirements of Sec. 361.42(a). (Authority: Sections 7(20)(A) and 102(a)(1) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(20)(A) and 722(a)(1)) (16) Employment outcome means, with respect to an individual, entering or retaining full-time or, if appropriate, part-time competitive employment, as defined in Sec. 361.5(b)(11), in the integrated labor market, supported employment, or any other type of employment in an integrated setting, including self-employment, telecommuting, [[Page 247]] or business ownership, that is consistent with an individual's strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice. (Authority: Sections 7(11), 12(c), 100(a)(2), and 102(b)(3)(A) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(11), 709(c), 720(a)(2), and 722(b)(3)(A)) (17) Establishment, development, or improvement of a public or nonprofit community rehabilitation program means-- (i) The establishment of a facility for a public or nonprofit community rehabilitation program as defined in paragraph (b)(18) of this section to provide vocational rehabilitation services to applicants or eligible individuals; (ii) Staffing, if necessary to establish, develop, or improve a community rehabilitation program for the purpose of providing vocational rehabilitation services to applicants or eligible individuals, for a maximum period of 4 years, with Federal financial participation available at the applicable matching rate for the following levels of staffing costs: (A) 100 percent of staffing costs for the first year. (B) 75 percent of staffing costs for the second year. (C) 60 percent of staffing costs for the third year. (D) 45 percent of staffing costs for the fourth year; and (iii) Other expenditures related to the establishment, development, or improvement of a community rehabilitation program that are necessary to make the program functional or increase its effectiveness in providing vocational rehabilitation services to applicants or eligible individuals, but are not ongoing operating expenses of the program. (Authority: Sections 7(12) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(12) and 709(c)) (18) Establishment of a facility for a public or nonprofit community rehabilitation program means-- (i) The acquisition of an existing building and, if necessary, the land in connection with the acquisition, if the building has been completed in all respects for at least 1 year prior to the date of acquisition and the Federal share of the cost of acquisition is not more than $300,000; (ii) The remodeling or alteration of an existing building, provided the estimated cost of remodeling or alteration does not exceed the appraised value of the existing building; (iii) The expansion of an existing building, provided that-- (A) The existing building is complete in all respects; (B) The total size in square footage of the expanded building, notwithstanding the number of expansions, is not greater than twice the size of the existing building; (C) The expansion is joined structurally to the existing building and does not constitute a separate building; and (D) The costs of the expansion do not exceed the appraised value of the existing building; (iv) Architect's fees, site survey, and soil investigation, if necessary in connection with the acquisition, remodeling, alteration, or expansion of an existing building; and (v) The acquisition of fixed or movable equipment, including the costs of installation of the equipment, if necessary to establish, develop, or improve a community rehabilitation program. (Authority: Sections 7(12) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(12) and 709(c)) (19) Extended employment means work in a non-integrated or sheltered setting for a public or private nonprofit agency or organization that provides compensation in accordance with the Fair Labor Standards Act. (Authority: Section 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) (20) Extended services means ongoing support services and other appropriate services that are needed to support and maintain an individual with a most significant disability in supported employment and that are provided by a State agency, a private nonprofit organization, employer, or any other appropriate resource, from funds other than funds received under this part and 34 CFR part 363 after an individual with a most significant disability has made [[Page 248]] the transition from support provided by the designated State unit. (Authority: Sections 7(13) and 623 of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(13) and 795i) (21) Extreme medical risk means a probability of substantially increasing functional impairment or death if medical services, including mental health services, are not provided expeditiously. (Authority: Sections 12(c) and 101(a)(8)(A)(i)(III) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c) and 721(a)(8)(A)(i)(III)) (22) Fair hearing board means a committee, body, or group of persons established by a State prior to January 1, 1985 that-- (i) Is authorized under State law to review determinations made by personnel of the designated State unit that affect the provision of vocational rehabilitation services; and (ii) Carries out the responsibilities of the impartial hearing officer in accordance with the requirements in Sec. 361.57(j). (Authority: Section 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) (23) Family member, for purposes of receiving vocational rehabilitation services in accordance with Sec. 361.48(i), means an individual-- (i) Who either-- (A) Is a relative or guardian of an applicant or eligible individual; or (B) Lives in the same household as an applicant or eligible individual; (ii) Who has a substantial interest in the well-being of that individual; and (iii) Whose receipt of vocational rehabilitation services is necessary to enable the applicant or eligible individual to achieve an employment outcome. (Authority: Sections 12(c) and 103(a)(17) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c) and 723(a)(17)) (24) Governor means a chief executive officer of a State. (Authority: Section 7(15) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(15)) (25) Impartial hearing officer. (i) Impartial hearing officer means an individual who-- (A) Is not an employee of a public agency (other than an administrative law judge, hearing examiner, or employee of an institution of higher education); (B) Is not a member of the State Rehabilitation Council for the designated State unit; (C) Has not been involved previously in the vocational rehabilitation of the applicant or eligible individual; (D) Has knowledge of the delivery of vocational rehabilitation services, the State plan, and the Federal and State regulations governing the provision of services; (E) Has received training with respect to the performance of official duties; and (F) Has no personal, professional, or financial interest that would be in conflict with the objectivity of the individual. (ii) An individual is not considered to be an employee of a public agency for the purposes of this definition solely because the individual is paid by the agency to serve as a hearing officer. (Authority: Section 7(16) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(16)) (26) Indian tribe means any Federal or State Indian tribe, band, rancheria, pueblo, colony, or community, including any Alaskan native village or regional village corporation (as defined in or established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act). (Authority: Section 7(19)(B) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(19)(B)) (27) Individual who is blind means a person who is blind within the meaning of applicable State law. (Authority: Section 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) (28) Individual with a disability, except as provided in Sec. 361.5(b)(29), means an individual-- (i) Who has a physical or mental impairment; (ii) Whose impairment constitutes or results in a substantial impediment to employment; and [[Page 249]] (iii) Who can benefit in terms of an employment outcome from the provision of vocational rehabilitation services. (Authority: Section 7(20)(A) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(20)(A)) (29) Individual with a disability, for purposes of Sec. Sec. 361.5(b)(14), 361.13(a), 361.13(b)(1), 361.17(a), (b), (c), and (j), 361.18(b), 361.19, 361.20, 361.23(b)(2), 361.29(a) and (d)(5), and 361.51(b), means an individual-- (i) Who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; (ii) Who has a record of such an impairment; or (iii) Who is regarded as having such an impairment. (Authority: Section 7(20)(B) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(20)(B)) (30) Individual with a most significant disability means an individual with a significant disability who meets the designated State unit's criteria for an individual with a most significant disability. These criteria must be consistent with the requirements in Sec. 361.36(d)(1) and (2). (Authority: Sections 7(21)(E)(i) and 101(a)(5)(C) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(21)(E)(i) and 721(a)(5)(C)) (31) Individual with a significant disability means an individual with a disability-- (i) Who has a severe physical or mental impairment that seriously limits one or more functional capacities (such as mobility, communication, self-care, self-direction, interpersonal skills, work tolerance, or work skills) in terms of an employment outcome; (ii) Whose vocational rehabilitation can be expected to require multiple vocational rehabilitation services over an extended period of time; and (iii) Who has one or more physical or mental disabilities resulting from amputation, arthritis, autism, blindness, burn injury, cancer, cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis, deafness, head injury, heart disease, hemiplegia, hemophilia, respiratory or pulmonary dysfunction, mental retardation, mental illness, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, musculo-skeletal disorders, neurological disorders (including stroke and epilepsy), spinal cord conditions (including paraplegia and quadriplegia), sickle cell anemia, specific learning disability, end- stage renal disease, or another disability or combination of disabilities determined on the basis of an assessment for determining eligibility and vocational rehabilitation needs to cause comparable substantial functional limitation. (Authority: Section 7(21)(A) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(21)(A)) (32) Individual's representative means any representative chosen by an applicant or eligible individual, as appropriate, including a parent, guardian, other family member, or advocate, unless a representative has been appointed by a court to represent the individual, in which case the court-appointed representative is the individual's representative. (Authority: Sections 7(22) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(22) and 709(c)) (33) Integrated setting,-- (i) With respect to the provision of services, means a setting typically found in the community in which applicants or eligible individuals interact with non-disabled individuals other than non- disabled individuals who are providing services to those applicants or eligible individuals; (ii) With respect to an employment outcome, means a setting typically found in the community in which applicants or eligible individuals interact with non-disabled individuals, other than non- disabled individuals who are providing services to those applicants or eligible individuals, to the same extent that non-disabled individuals in comparable positions interact with other persons. (Authority: Section 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) (34) Local workforce investment board means a local workforce investment board established under section 117 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. (Authority: Section 7(25) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(25)) [[Page 250]] (35) Maintenance means monetary support provided to an individual for expenses, such as food, shelter, and clothing, that are in excess of the normal expenses of the individual and that are necessitated by the individual's participation in an assessment for determining eligibility and vocational rehabilitation needs or the individual's receipt of vocational rehabilitation services under an individualized plan for employment. (Authority: Sections 12(c) and 103(a)(7) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c) and 723(a)(7)) (i) Examples: The following are examples of expenses that would meet the definition of maintenance. The examples are illustrative, do not address all possible circumstances, and are not intended to substitute for individual counselor judgment. Example 1: The cost of a uniform or other suitable clothing that is required for an individual's job placement or job-seeking activities. Example 2: The cost of short-term shelter that is required in order for an individual to participate in assessment activities or vocational training at a site that is not within commuting distance of an individual's home. Example 3: The initial one-time costs, such as a security deposit or charges for the initiation of utilities, that are required in order for an individual to relocate for a job placement. Example 4: The costs of an individual's participation in enrichment activities related to that individual's training program. (ii) [Reserved] (36) Mediation means the act or process of using an independent third party to act as a mediator, intermediary, or conciliator to assist persons or parties in settling differences or disputes prior to pursuing formal administrative or other legal remedies. Mediation under the program must be conducted in accordance with the requirements in Sec. 361.57(d) by a qualified and impartial mediator as defined in Sec. 361.5(b)(43). (Authority: Section 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) (37) Nonprofit, with respect to a community rehabilitation program, means a community rehabilitation program carried out by a corporation or association, no part of the net earnings of which inures, or may lawfully inure, to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual and the income of which is exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (Authority: Section 7(26) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(26)) (38) Ongoing support services, as used in the definition of ``Supported employment'' (i) Means services that are-- (A) Needed to support and maintain an individual with a most significant disability in supported employment; (B) Identified based on a determination by the designated State unit of the individual's need as specified in an individualized plan for employment; and (C) Furnished by the designated State unit from the time of job placement until transition to extended services, unless post-employment services are provided following transition, and thereafter by one or more extended services providers throughout the individual's term of employment in a particular job placement or multiple placements if those placements are being provided under a program of transitional employment; (ii) Must include an assessment of employment stability and provision of specific services or the coordination of services at or away from the worksite that are needed to maintain stability based on-- (A) At a minimum, twice-monthly monitoring at the worksite of each individual in supported employment; or (B) If under specific circumstances, especially at the request of the individual, the individualized plan for employment provides for off- site monitoring, twice monthly meetings with the individual; (iii) Consist of-- (A) Any particularized assessment supplementary to the comprehensive assessment of rehabilitation needs described in paragraph (b)(6)(ii) of this section; (B) The provision of skilled job trainers who accompany the individual for intensive job skill training at the work site; (C) Job development and training; (D) Social skills training; [[Page 251]] (E) Regular observation or supervision of the individual; (F) Follow-up services including regular contact with the employers, the individuals, the parents, family members, guardians, advocates or authorized representatives of the individuals, and other suitable professional and informed advisors, in order to reinforce and stabilize the job placement; (G) Facilitation of natural supports at the worksite; (H) Any other service identified in the scope of vocational rehabilitation services for individuals, described in Sec. 361.48; or (I) Any service similar to the foregoing services. (Authority: Sections 7(27) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(27) and 709(c)) (39) Personal assistance services means a range of services provided by one or more persons designed to assist an individual with a disability to perform daily living activities on or off the job that the individual would typically perform without assistance if the individual did not have a disability. The services must be designed to increase the individual's control in life and ability to perform everyday activities on or off the job. The services must be necessary to the achievement of an employment outcome and may be provided only while the individual is receiving other vocational rehabilitation services. The services may include training in managing, supervising, and directing personal assistance services. (Authority: Sections 7(28), 102(b)(3)(B)(i)(I), and 103(a)(9) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(28), 722(b)(3)(B)(i)(I), and 723(a)(9)) (40) Physical and mental restoration services means-- (i) Corrective surgery or therapeutic treatment that is likely, within a reasonable period of time, to correct or modify substantially a stable or slowly progressive physical or mental impairment that constitutes a substantial impediment to employment; (ii) Diagnosis of and treatment for mental or emotional disorders by qualified personnel in accordance with State licensure laws; (iii) Dentistry; (iv) Nursing services; (v) Necessary hospitalization (either inpatient or outpatient care) in connection with surgery or treatment and clinic services; (vi) Drugs and supplies; (vii) Prosthetic and orthotic devices; (viii) Eyeglasses and visual services, including visual training, and the examination and services necessary for the prescription and provision of eyeglasses, contact lenses, microscopic lenses, telescopic lenses, and other special visual aids prescribed by personnel that are qualified in accordance with State licensure laws; (ix) Podiatry; (x) Physical therapy; (xi) Occupational therapy; (xii) Speech or hearing therapy; (xiii) Mental health services; (xiv) Treatment of either acute or chronic medical complications and emergencies that are associated with or arise out of the provision of physical and mental restoration services, or that are inherent in the condition under treatment; (xv) Special services for the treatment of individuals with end- stage renal disease, including transplantation, dialysis, artificial kidneys, and supplies; and (xvi) Other medical or medically related rehabilitation services. (Authority: Sections 12(c) and 103(a)(6) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c) and 723(a)(6)) (41) Physical or mental impairment means-- (i) Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems: neurological, musculo-skeletal, special sense organs, respiratory (including speech organs), cardiovascular, reproductive, digestive, genitourinary, hemic and lymphatic, skin, and endocrine; or (ii) Any mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. (Authority: Sections 7(20)(A) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(20)(A) and 709(c)) (42) Post-employment services means one or more of the services identified in Sec. 361.48 that are provided subsequent [[Page 252]] to the achievement of an employment outcome and that are necessary for an individual to maintain, regain, or advance in employment, consistent with the individual's strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice. (Authority: Sections 12(c) and 103(a)(18) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) and 723(a)(18)) Note to paragraph (b)(42): Post-employment services are intended to ensure that the employment outcome remains consistent with the individual's strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice. These services are available to meet rehabilitation needs that do not require a complex and comprehensive provision of services and, thus, should be limited in scope and duration. If more comprehensive services are required, then a new rehabilitation effort should be considered. Post-employment services are to be provided under an amended individualized plan for employment; thus, a re-determination of eligibility is not required. The provision of post-employment services is subject to the same requirements in this part as the provision of any other vocational rehabilitation service. Post-employment services are available to assist an individual to maintain employment, e.g., the individual's employment is jeopardized because of conflicts with supervisors or co-workers, and the individual needs mental health services and counseling to maintain the employment; to regain employment, e.g., the individual's job is eliminated through reorganization and new placement services are needed; and to advance in employment, e.g., the employment is no longer consistent with the individual's strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice. (43) Qualified and impartial mediator. (i) Qualified and impartial mediator means an individual who-- (A) Is not an employee of a public agency (other than an administrative law judge, hearing examiner, employee of a State office of mediators, or employee of an institution of higher education); (B) Is not a member of the State Rehabilitation Council for the designated State unit; (C) Has not been involved previously in the vocational rehabilitation of the applicant or eligible individual; (D) Is knowledgeable of the vocational rehabilitation program and the applicable Federal and State laws, regulations, and policies governing the provision of vocational rehabilitation services; (E) Has been trained in effective mediation techniques consistent with any State-approved or -recognized certification, licensing, registration, or other requirements; and (F) Has no personal, professional, or financial interest that would be in conflict with the objectivity of the individual during the mediation proceedings. (ii) An individual serving as a mediator is not considered to be an employee of the designated State agency or designated State unit for the purposes of this definition solely because the individual is paid by the designated State agency or designated State unit to serve as a mediator. (Authority: Sections 12(c) and 102(c)(4) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c) and 722(c)(4)) (44) Rehabilitation engineering means the systematic application of engineering sciences to design, develop, adapt, test, evaluate, apply, and distribute technological solutions to problems confronted by individuals with disabilities in functional areas, such as mobility, communications, hearing, vision, and cognition, and in activities associated with employment, independent living, education, and integration into the community. (Authority: Section 7(12)(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c)) (45) Rehabilitation technology means the systematic application of technologies, engineering methodologies, or scientific principles to meet the needs of, and address the barriers confronted by, individuals with disabilities in areas that include education, rehabilitation, employment, transportation, independent living, and recreation. The term includes rehabilitation engineering, assistive technology devices, and assistive technology services. (Authority: Section 7(30) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(30)) (46) Reservation means a Federal or State Indian reservation, public domain Indian allotment, former Indian reservation in Oklahoma, and land held [[Page 253]] by incorporated Native groups, regional corporations, and village corporations under the provisions of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. (Authority: Section 121(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 741(c)) (47) Sole local agency means a unit or combination of units of general local government or one or more Indian tribes that has the sole responsibility under an agreement with, and the supervision of, the State agency to conduct a local or tribal vocational rehabilitation program, in accordance with the State plan. (Authority: Section 7(24) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(24)) (48) State means any of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (Authority: Section 7(32) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(32)) (49) State workforce investment board means a State workforce investment board established under section 111 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. (Authority: Section 7(33) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(33)) (50) Statewide workforce investment system means a system described in section 111(d)(2) of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. (Authority: Section 7(34) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(34)) (51) State plan means the State plan for vocational rehabilitation services submitted under Sec. 361.10. (Authority: Sections 12(c) and 101 of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 709(c) and 721) (52) Substantial impediment to employment means that a physical or mental impairment (in light of attendant medical, psychological, vocational, educational, communication, and other related factors) hinders an individual from preparing for, entering into, engaging in, or retaining employment consistent with the individual's abilities and capabilities. (Authority: Sections 7(20)(A) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(20)(A) and 709(c)) (53) Supported employment means-- (i) Competitive employment in an integrated setting, or employment in integrated work settings in which individuals are working toward competitive employment, consistent with the strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice of the individuals with ongoing support services for individuals with the most significant disabilities-- (A) For whom competitive employment has not traditionally occurred or for whom competitive employment has been interrupted or intermittent as a result of a significant disability; and (B) Who, because of the nature and severity of their disabilities, need intensive supported employment services from the designated State unit and extended services after transition as described in paragraph (b)(20) of this section to perform this work; or (ii) Transitional employment, as defined in paragraph (b)(54) of this section, for individuals with the most significant disabilities due to mental illness. (Authority: Section 7(35) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(35)) (54) Supported employment services means ongoing support services and other appropriate services needed to support and maintain an individual with a most significant disability in supported employment that are provided by the designated State unit-- (i) For a period of time not to exceed 18 months, unless under special circumstances the eligible individual and the rehabilitation counselor or coordinator jointly agree to extend the time to achieve the employment outcome identified in the individualized plan for employment; and (ii) Following transition, as post-employment services that are unavailable from an extended services provider and [[Page 254]] that are necessary to maintain or regain the job placement or advance in employment. (Authority: Sections 7(36) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(36) and 709(c)) (55) Transition services means a coordinated set of activities for a student designed within an outcome-oriented process that promotes movement from school to post-school activities, including postsecondary education, vocational training, integrated employment (including supported employment), continuing and adult education, adult services, independent living, or community participation. The coordinated set of activities must be based upon the individual student's needs, taking into account the student's preferences and interests, and must include instruction, community experiences, the development of employment and other post-school adult living objectives, and, if appropriate, acquisition of daily living skills and functional vocational evaluation. Transition services must promote or facilitate the achievement of the employment outcome identified in the student's individualized plan for employment. (Authority: Section 7(37) and 103(a)(15) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(37) and 723(a)(15)) (56) Transitional employment, as used in the definition of ``Supported employment,'' means a series of temporary job placements in competitive work in integrated settings with ongoing support services for individuals with the most significant disabilities due to mental illness. In transitional employment, the provision of ongoing support services must include continuing sequential job placements until job permanency is achieved. (Authority: Sections 7(35)(B) and 12(c) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(35)(B) and 709(c) (57) Transportation means travel and related expenses that are necessary to enable an applicant or eligible individual to participate in a vocational rehabilitation service, including expenses for training in the use of public transportation vehicles and systems. (Authority: 103(a)(8) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 723(a)(8)) (i) Examples: The following are examples of expenses that would meet the definition of transportation. The examples are purely illustrative, do not address all possible circumstances, and are not intended to substitute for individual counselor judgment. Example 1: Travel and related expenses for a personal care attendant or aide if the services of that person are necessary to enable the applicant or eligible individual to travel to participate in any vocational rehabilitation service. Example 2: The purchase and repair of vehicles, including vans, but not the modification of these vehicles, as modification would be considered a rehabilitation technology service. Example 3: Relocation expenses incurred by an eligible individual in connection with a job placement that is a significant distance from the eligible individual's current residence. (ii) [Reserved] (58) Vocational rehabilitation services-- (i) If provided to an individual, means those services listed in Sec. 361.48; and (ii) If provided for the benefit of groups of individuals, also means those services listed in Sec. 361.49. (Authority: Sections 7(38) and 103(a) and (b) of the Act; 29 U.S.C. 705(38), 723(a) and (b)) 66 FR 4382, Jan. 17, 2001, as amended at 66 FR 7252, Jan. 22, 2001]