Section

[Code of Federal Regulations]

[Title 40, Volume 31]

[Revised as of July 1, 2006]

From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access

[CITE: 40CFR1048.101]

[Page 552-554]

TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)

PART 1048_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION

ENGINES--Table of Contents

Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1048.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet?

The exhaust emission standards of this section apply by model year.

You may certify engines earlier than we require. The Tier 1 standards

apply only to steady-state testing, as described in paragraph (b) of

this section. The Tier 2 standards apply to steady-state, transient, and

field testing, as described in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this

section.

(a) Emission standards for transient testing. Starting in the 2007

model year, transient exhaust emissions from your engines may not exceed

the Tier 2 emission standards, as follows:

(1) Measure emissions using the applicable transient test procedures

described in subpart F of this part.

(2) The Tier 2 HC+NOX standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the

Tier 2 CO standard is 4.4 g/kW-hr. For severe-duty engines, the Tier 2

HC+NOX standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the Tier 2 CO standard is

130.0 g/kW-hr. The following engines are not subject to the transient

standards in this paragraph (a):

(i) High-load engines.

(ii) Engines with maximum engine power above 560 kW.

(iii) Engines with maximum test speed above 3400 rpm.

(3) You may optionally certify your engines according to the

following formula instead of the standards in paragraph (a)(1) of this

section: (HC+NOX) x CO\0.784\ <= 8.57. The HC+NOX

and CO emission levels you select to satisfy this formula, rounded to

the nearest 0.1 g/kW-hr, become the emission standards that apply for

those engines. You may not select an HC+NOX emission standard

higher than 2.7 g/kW-hr or a CO emission standard higher than 20.6 g/kW-

hr. The following table illustrates a range of possible values under

this paragraph (a)(3):

Table 1 of Sec. 1048.101--Examples of Possible Tier 2 Duty-cycle

Emission Standards

------------------------------------------------------------------------

CO (g/kW-

HC+NOX (g/kW-hr) hr)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.7........................................................ 4.4

2.2........................................................ 5.6

1.7........................................................ 7.9

1.3........................................................ 11.1

1.0........................................................ 15.5

0.8........................................................ 20.6

------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) Standards for steady-state testing. Except as we allow in

paragraph (d) of this section, steady-state exhaust emissions from your

engines may not exceed emission standards, as follows:

(1) Measure emissions using the applicable steady-state test

procedures described in subpart F of this part:

(2) The following table shows the Tier 1 exhaust emission standards

that apply to engines from 2004 through 2006 model years:

Table 2 of Sec. 1048.101--Tier 1 Emission Standards (g/kW-hr)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General emission Alternate emission

standards standards for severe-

Testing -------------------------- duty engines

-------------------------

HC+NOX CO HC+NOX CO

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Certification and production-line testing................... 4.0 50.0 4.0 130.0

In-use testing.............................................. 5.4 50.0 5.4 130.0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 553]]

(3) Starting in the 2007 model year, steady-state exhaust emissions

from your engines may not exceed the numerical emission standards in

paragraph (a) of this section. See paragraph (d) of this section for

alternate standards that apply for certain engines.

may not exceed field-testing standards, as follows:

(1) Measure emissions using the field-testing procedures in subpart

F of this part:

(2) The HC+NOX standard is 3.8 g/kW-hr and the CO

standard is 6.5 g/kW-hr. For severe-duty engines, the HC+NOX

standard is 3.8 g/kW-hr and the CO standard is 200.0 g/kW-hr. For

natural gas-fueled engines, you are not required to measure nonmethane

hydrocarbon emissions or total hydrocarbon emissions for testing to show

that the engine meets the emission standards of this paragraph (c); that

is, you may assume HC emissions are equal to zero.

(3) You may apply the following formula to determine alternate

emission standards that apply to your engines instead of the standards

in paragraph (c)(1) of this section: (HC+NOX) x CO\0.791\ <=

16.78. HC+NOX emission levels may not exceed 3.8 g/kW-hr and

CO emission levels may not exceed 31.0 g/kW-hr. The following table

illustrates a range of possible values under this paragraph (c)(2):

Table 3 of Sec. 1048.101--Examples of Possible Tier 2 Field-testing

Emission Standards

------------------------------------------------------------------------

CO (g/kW-

HC+NOX (g/kW-hr) hr)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.8........................................................ 6.5

3.1........................................................ 8.5

2.4........................................................ 11.7

1.8........................................................ 16.8

1.4........................................................ 23.1

1.1........................................................ 31.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Engine protection. For engines that require enrichment at high

loads to protect the engine, you may ask to meet alternate Tier 2

standards of 2.7 g/kW-hr for HC+NOX and 31.0 g/kW-hr for CO

instead of the emission standards described in paragraph (b)(2) of this

section for steady-state testing. If we approve your request, you must

still meet the transient testing standards in paragraph (a) of this

section and the field-testing standards in paragraph (c) of this

section. To qualify for this allowance, you must do all the following

things:

(1) Show that enrichment is necessary to protect the engine from

damage.

(2) Show that you limit enrichment to operating modes that require

additional cooling to protect the engine from damage.

(3) Show in your application for certification that enrichment will

rarely occur in use in the equipment in which your engines are

installed. For example, an engine that is expected to operate 5 percent

of the time in use with enrichment would clearly not qualify.

(4) Include in your installation instructions any steps necessary

for someone installing your engines to prevent enrichment during normal

operation (see Sec. 1048.130).

(e) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply

for engines using each type of fuel specified in 40 CFR part 1065,

subpart H, on which the engines in the engine family are designed to

operate, except for engines certified under Sec. 1048.625. For engines

certified under Sec. 1048.625, the standards of this section apply to

emissions measured using the specified test fuel. You must meet the

numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on

the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the

following fuels:

(1) Gasoline- and LPG-fueled engines: THC emissions.

(2) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions.

(3) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.

(f) Small engines. Certain engines with total displacement at or

below 1000 cc may comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 90 instead

of complying with the requirements of this part, as described in Sec.

1048.615.

(g) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission

standards in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section over their full

useful life. For severe-duty engines, the minimum useful life is 1,500

hours of operation or seven years, whichever comes first. For all other

engines, the minimum useful life

[[Page 554]]

is 5,000 hours of operation or seven years, whichever comes first.

(1) Specify a longer useful life in hours for an engine family under

either of two conditions:

(i) If you design, advertise, or market your engine to operate

longer than the minimum useful life (your recommended hours until

rebuild may indicate a longer design life).

(ii) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum

useful life.

(2) You may request in your application for certification that we

approve a shorter useful life for an engine family. We may approve a

shorter useful life, in hours of engine operation but not in years, if

we determine that these engines will rarely operate longer than the

shorter useful life. If engines identical to those in the engine family

have already been produced and are in use, your demonstration must

include documentation from such in-use engines. In other cases, your

demonstration must include an engineering analysis of information

equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research engines or

similar engine models that are already in production. Your demonstration

must also include any overhaul interval that you recommend, any

mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its components, and

any relevant customer design specifications. Your demonstration may

include any other relevant information. The useful life value may not be

shorter than any of the following:

(i) 1,000 hours of operation.

(ii) Your recommended overhaul interval.

(iii) Your mechanical warranty for the engine.

(h) Applicability for testing. The emission standards in this

subpart apply to all testing, including certification, production-line,

and in-use testing. For production-line testing, you must perform duty-

cycle testing as specified in Sec. Sec. 1048.505 and 1048.510. The

field-testing standards of this section apply for those tests. You need

not do additional testing of production-line engines to show that your

engines meet the field-testing standards.

[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40466, July 13, 2005]