[Code of Federal Regulations]

[Title 40, Volume 31]

[Revised as of July 1, 2006]

From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access

[CITE: 40CFR1065.110]



[Page 685-686]

 

                   TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT

 

         CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)

 

PART 1065_ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES--Table of Contents

 

                   Subpart B_Equipment Specifications

 

Sec.  1065.110  Work inputs and outputs, accessory work, and operator 

demand.



    (a) Work. Use good engineering judgment to simulate all engine work 

inputs and outputs as they typically would operate in use. Account for 

work inputs and outputs during an emission test by measuring them; or, 

if they are small, you may show by engineering analysis that 

disregarding them does not affect your ability to determine the net work 

output by more than 0.5% of the net reference work 

output over the test interval. Use equipment to simulate the specific 

types of work, as follows:

    (1) Shaft work. Use an engine dynamometer that is able to meet the 

cycle-validation criteria in Sec.  1065.514 over each applicable duty 

cycle.

    (i) You may use eddy-current and water-brake dynamometers for any 

testing that does not involve engine motoring, which is identified by 

negative torque commands in a reference duty cycle. See the standard 

setting part for reference duty cycles that are applicable to your 

engine.

    (ii) You may use alternating-current or direct-current motoring 

dynamometers for any type of testing.

    (iii) You may use one or more dynamometers.

    (2) Electrical work. Use one or more of the following to simulate 

electrical work:

    (i) Use storage batteries or capacitors that are of the type and 

capacity installed in use.

    (ii) Use motors, generators, and alternators that are of the type 

and capacity installed in use.

    (iii) Use a resistor load bank to simulate electrical loads.

    (3) Pump, compressor, and turbine work. Use pumps, compressors, and 

turbines that are of the type and capacity



[[Page 686]]



installed in use. Use working fluids that are of the same type and 

thermodynamic state as normal in-use operation.

    (b) Laboratory work inputs. You may supply any laboratory inputs of 

work to the engine. For example, you may supply electrical work to the 

engine to operate a fuel system, and as another example you may supply 

compressor work to the engine to actuate pneumatic valves. We may ask 

you to show by engineering analysis your accounting of laboratory work 

inputs to meet the criterion in paragraph (a) of this section.

    (c) Engine accessories. You must either install or account for the 

work of engine accessories required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the 

engine, circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment 

devices. Operate the engine with these accessories installed or 

accounted for during all testing operations, including mapping. If these 

accessories are not powered by the engine during a test, account for the 

work required to perform these functions from the total work used in 

brake-specific emission calculations. For air-cooled engines only, 

subtract externally powered fan work from total work. We may ask you to 

show by engineering analysis your accounting of engine accessories to 

meet the criterion in paragraph (a) of this section.

    (d) Engine starter. You may install a production-type starter.

    (e) Operator demand for shaft work. Command the operator demand and 

the dynamometer(s) to follow the prescribed duty cycle with set points 

for engine speed and torque at 5 Hz (or more frequently) for transient 

testing or 1 Hz (or more frequently) for steady-state testing. Use a 

mechanical or electronic input to control operator demand such that the 

engine is able to meet the validation criteria in Sec.  1065.514 over 

each applicable duty cycle. Record feedback values for engine speed and 

torque at 5 Hz or more frequently for evaluating performance relative to 

the cycle validation criteria. Using good engineering judgment, you may 

improve control of operator demand by altering on-engine speed and 

torque controls. However, if these changes result in unrepresentative 

testing, you must notify us and recommend other test procedures under 

Sec.  1065.10(c)(1).