[Code of Federal Regulations]

[Title 40, Volume 31]

[Revised as of July 1, 2006]

From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access

[CITE: 40CFR1508.8]



[Page 892]

 

                   TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT

 

               CHAPTER V--COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

 

PART 1508_TERMINOLOGY AND INDEX--Table of Contents

 

Sec.  1508.8  Effects.



    Effects include:

    (a) Direct effects, which are caused by the action and occur at the 

same time and place.

    (b) Indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later 

in time or farther removed in distance, but are still reasonably 

foreseeable. Indirect effects may include growth inducing effects and 

other effects related to induced changes in the pattern of land use, 

population density or growth rate, and related effects on air and water 

and other natural systems, including ecosystems.



Effects and impacts as used in these regulations are synonymous. Effects 

includes ecological (such as the effects on natural resources and on the 

components, structures, and functioning of affected ecosystems), 

aesthetic, historic, cultural, economic, social, or health, whether 

direct, indirect, or cumulative. Effects may also include those 

resulting from actions which may have both beneficial and detrimental 

effects, even if on balance the agency believes that the effect will be 

beneficial.