[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 16]
[Revised as of July 1, 2006]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR80.45]
[Page 640-652]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 80_REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES--Table of Contents
Subpart D_Reformulated Gasoline
Sec. 80.45 Complex emissions model.
(a) Definition of terms. For the purposes of this section, the
following definitions shall apply:
Target fuel = The fuel which is being evaluated for its emissions
performance using the complex model
OXY = Oxygen content of the target fuel in terms of weight percent
SUL = Sulfur content of the target fuel in terms of parts per million by
weight
RVP = Reid Vapor Pressure of the target fuel in terms of pounds per
square inch
E200 = 200 [deg]F distillation fraction of the target fuel in terms of
volume percent
E300 = 300 [deg]F distillation fraction of the target fuel in terms of
volume percent
ARO = Aromatics content of the target fuel in terms of volume percent
BEN = Benzene content of the target fuel in terms of volume percent
OLE = Olefins content of the target fuel in terms of volume percent
MTB = Methyl tertiary butyl ether content of the target fuel in terms of
weight percent oxygen
[[Page 641]]
ETB = Ethyl tertiary butyl ether content of the target fuel in terms of
weight percent oxygen
TAM = Tertiary amyl methyl ether content of the target fuel in terms of
weight percent oxygen
ETH = Ethanol content of the target fuel in terms of weight percent
oxygen
exp = The function that raises the number e (the base of the natural
logarithm) to the power in its domain
Phase I = The years 1995-1999
Phase II = Year 2000 and beyond
(b) Weightings and baselines for the complex model. (1) The
weightings for normal and higher emitters (w1 and
w2, respectively) given in table 1 shall be used to calculate
the exhaust emission performance of any fuel for the appropriate
pollutant and Phase:
Table 1--Normal and Higher Emitter Weightings for Exhaust Emissions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase I Phase II
-----------------------------------
VOC & VOC &
toxics NOX toxics NOX
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Normal Emitters (w1)................ 0.52 0.82 0.444 0.738
Higher Emitters (w2)................ 0.48 0.18 0.556 0.262
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) The following properties of the baseline fuels shall be used
when determining baseline mass emissions of the various pollutants:
Table 2--Summer and Winter Baseline Fuel Properties
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel property Summer Winter
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxygen (wt %)..................................... 0.0 0.0
Sulfur (ppm)...................................... 339 338
RVP (psi)......................................... 8.7 11.5
E200 (%).......................................... 41.0 50.0
E300 (%).......................................... 83.0 83.0
Aromatics (vol %)................................. 32.0 26.4
Olefins (vol %)................................... 9.2 11.9
Benzene (vol %)................................... 1.53 1.64
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) The baseline mass emissions for VOC, NOX and toxics
given in tables 3, 4 and 5 of this paragraph (b)(3) shall be used in
conjunction with the complex model during the appropriate Phase and
season:
Table 3--Baseline Exhaust Emissions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase I Phase II
-----------------------------------
Exhaust pollutant Summer Winter Summer Winter
(mg/ (mg/ (mg/ (mg/
mile) mile) mile) mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOC................................. 446.0 660.0 907.0 1341.0
NOX................................. 660.0 750.0 1340.0 1540.0
Benzene............................. 26.10 37.57 53.54 77.62
Acetaldehyde........................ 2.19 3.57 4.44 7.25
Formaldehyde........................ 4.85 7.73 9.70 15.34
1,3-Butadiene....................... 4.31 7.27 9.38 15.84
POM................................. 1.50 2.21 3.04 4.50
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4--Baseline Non-Exhaust Emissions (Summer Only)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase I Phase II
-----------------------------------
Non-exhaust pollutant Region Region Region Region
1 (mg/ 2 (mg/ 1 (mg/ 2 (mg/
mile) mile) mile) mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOC................................. 860.48 769.10 559.31 492.07
Benzene............................. 9.66 8.63 6.24 5.50
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5--Total Baseline VOC, NOX and Toxics Emissions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summer (mg/mile) Winter (mg/mile)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pollutant Phase I Phase II Phase I Phase II
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Region 1 Region 2 Region 1 Region 2 Region 1 Region 2 Region 1 Region 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOX..................................................... 660.0 660.0 1340.0 1340.0 750.0 750.0 1540.0 1540.0
VOC..................................................... 1306.5 1215.1 1466.3 1399.1 660.0 660.0 1341.0 1341.0
Toxics.................................................. 48.61 47.58 86.34 85.61 58.36 58.36 120.55 120.55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) VOC performance. (1) The exhaust VOC emissions performance of
gasolines shall be given by the following equations:
VOCE = VOC(b)+(VOC(b)xYvoc(t)/100)
Yvoc(t) =
[lsqbb](w1xNv)+(w2xHv)-
1[rsqbb]x100
where
VOCE = Exhaust VOC emissions in milligrams/mile
Yvoc(t) = Exhaust VOC performance of the target fuel in terms
of percentage change from baseline
VOC(b) = Baseline exhaust VOC emissions as defined in paragraph (b)(2)
of this section for the appropriate Phase and season
Nv = [exp v1(t)]/[exp v1(b)]
[[Page 642]]
Hv = [exp v2(t)]/[exp v2(b)]
w1 = Weighting factor for normal emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase
w2 = Weighting factor for higher emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase
v1(t) = Normal emitter VOC equation as defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's properties
subject to paragraphs (c)(1) (iii) and (iv) of this section
v2(t) = Higher emitter VOC equation as defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(ii) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's properties
subject to paragraphs (c)(1) (iii) and (iv) of this section
v1(b) = Normal emitter VOC equation as defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) of this section, evaluated using the base fuel's properties
v2(b) = Higher emitter VOC equation as defined in paragraph
(c)(1)(ii) of this section, evaluated using the base fuel's properties
(i) Consolidated VOC equation for normal emitters.
v1 = (-0.003641 x OXY) + (0.0005219 x SUL) + (0.0289749 x
RVP) + (-0.014470 x E200) + (-0.068624 x E300) + (0.0323712 x ARO) +
(-0.002858 x OLE) + (0.0001072 x E2002) + (0.0004087 x E3002) + (-
0.0003481 x ARO x E300)
(ii) VOC equation for higher emitters.
v2 = (-0.003626 x OXY) + (-5.40x10-5 x SUL) +
(0.043295 x RVP) + (-0.013504 x E200) + (-0.062327 x E300) +
(0.0282042 x ARO) + (-0.002858 x OLE) + (0.000106 x E200\2\) +
(0.000408 x E300\2\) + (-0.000287 x ARO x E300)
(iii) Flat line extrapolations. (A) During Phase I, fuels with E200
values greater than 65.83 percent shall be evaluated with the E200 fuel
parameter set equal to 65.83 percent when calculating Yvoc(t)
and VOCE using the equations described in paragraphs (c)(1) (i) and (ii)
of this section. Fuels with E300 values greater than E300* (calculated
using the equation E300* = 80.32+[0.390xARO]) shall be evaluated with
the E300 parameter set equal to E300* when calculating VOCE using the
equations described in paragraphs (c)(1) (i) and (ii) of this section.
For E300* values greater than 94, the linearly extrapolated model
presented in paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section shall be used.
(B) During Phase II, fuels with E200 values greater than 65.52
percent shall be evaluated with the E200 fuel parameter set equal to
65.52 percent when calculating VOCE using the equations described in
paragraphs (c)(1) (i) and (ii) of this section. Fuels with E300 values
greater than E300* (calculated using the equation E300* = 79.75+[0.385 x
ARO]) shall be evaluated with the E300 parameter set equal to E300* when
calculating VOCE using the equations described in paragraphs (c)(1) (i)
and (ii) of this section. For E300* values greater than 94, the linearly
extrapolated model presented in paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section
shall be used.
(iv) Linear extrapolations. (A) The equations in paragraphs (c)(1)
(i) and (ii) of this section shall be used within the allowable range of
E300, E200, and ARO for the appropriate Phase, as defined in table 6:
Table 6--Allowable Ranges of E200, E300, and ARO for the Exhaust VOC Equations in Paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii)
of This Section
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase I Phase II
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel parameter Lower Lower
limit Higher limit limit Higher limit
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E200.................................... 33.00 65.83.................... 33.00 65.52
E300.................................... 72.00 Variable\1\.............. 72.00 Variable \2\
ARO..................................... 18.00 46.00.................... 18.00 46.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Higher E300 limit = lower of 94.0 or 80.32+[0.390x(ARO)].
\2\ Higher E300 limit = lower of 94.0 or 79.75+[0.385x(ARO)].
(B) For fuels with E200, E300 and/or ARO levels outside the ranges
defined in table 6, YVOC(t) shall be defined:
(1) For Phase I:
YVOC(t) = 100% x 0.52 x [exp(v1(et)) /
exp(v1(b)) - 1] + 100% x 0.48 x [exp(v2(et)) /
exp(v2(b)) - 1] + {100% x 0.52 x [exp(v\1\(et)) /
exp(v1(b))] x [{[(0.0002144 x E200et) -
0.014470] x [Delta]E200{time} + {[(0.0008174 x E300et) -
0.068624 - (0.000348 x AROet)] x [Delta]E300{time} +
{[(-0.000348 x E300et) + .0323712] x
[Delta]ARO{time} ]{time} + {100% x 0.48 x [exp(v1(et)) /
exp(v2(b)){time} ] x [{[(0.000212 x E200et) -
0.01350] x [Delta]E200{time} + {[(0.000816 x E300et) -
0.06233 - (0.00029 x AROet)] x [Delta]E300{time} + {[(-
0.00029 x E300{time} ) + 0.028204] x [Delta]ARO{time} ]{time}
(2) For Phase II:
YVOC(t) = 100% x 0.444 x [exp(v1(et)) /
exp(v1(b)) - 1] + 100% x 0.556 x [exp(v2(et))
/ exp(v2(b)) - 1] + {100% x 0.444 x
[exp(v1(et)) / exp(v1(b))] x [{[(0.0002144 x
E200et) - 0.014470] x
[[Page 643]]
[Delta]E200{time} + {[(0.0008174 x E300et) - 0.068624 -
(0.000348 x AROet)] x [Delta]E300{time} + {[(-0.000348 x
E300et) + 0.0323712] x [Delta]ARO{time} ]{time} + {100%
x 0.556 x [exp(v2(et)) / exp(v2(b))] x
[{[(0.000212 x E200et) - 0.01350] x [Delta]E200{time} +
{[(0.000816 x E300et) - 0.06233 - (0.00029 x
AROet)] x [Delta]E300{time} + {[(-0.00029 x
E300et) + 0.028204] x [Delta]ARO{time} ]{time}
(C) During Phase I, the ``edge target'' fuel shall be identical to
the target fuel for all fuel parameters, with the following exceptions:
(1) If the E200 level of the target fuel is less than 33 volume
percent, then the E200 value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set
equal to 33 volume percent.
(2) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is less than 18 volume
percent, then the ARO value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set
equal to 18 volume percent.
(3) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is greater than 46
volume percent, then the ARO value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be
set equal to 46 volume percent.
(4) If the E300 level of the target fuel is less than 72 volume
percent, then the E300 value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set
equal to 72 volume percent.
(5) If the E300 level of the target fuel is greater than 95 volume
percent, then the E300 value of the target fuel shall be set equal to 95
volume percent for the purposes of calculating VOC emissions with the
Phase I equation given in paragraph (c)(1)(iv)(B) of this section.
(6) If [80.32 + (0.390 x ARO)] exceeds 94 for the target fuel, and
the target fuel value for E300 exceeds 94, then the E300 value for the
``edge target'' fuel shall be set equal to 94 volume percent.
(7) If the E200 level of the target fuel is less than 33 volume
percent, then [Delta]E200 shall be set equal to (E200-33 volume
percent).
(8) If the E200 level of the target fuel equals or exceeds 33 volume
percent, then [Delta]E200 shall be set equal to zero.
(9) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is less than 18 volume
percent, then [Delta]ARO shall be set equal to (ARO-18 volume percent).
If the aromatics level of the target fuel is less than 10 volume
percent, then [Delta]ARO shall be set equal to -8 volume percent.
(10) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is greater than 46
volume percent, then [Delta]ARO shall be set equal to (ARO-46 volume
percent).
(11) If neither of the conditions established in paragraphs
(c)(1)(iv)(C)(9) and (10) of this section are met, then [Delta]ARO shall
be set equal to zero.
(12) If the E300 level of the target fuel is less than 72 percent,
then [Delta]E300 shall be set equal to (E300-72 percent).
(13) If the E300 level of the target fuel is greater than 94 volume
percent and [80.32+(0.390xARO)] also is greater than 94, then
[Delta]E300 shall be set equal to (E300-94 volume percent). If the E300
level of the target fuel is greater than 95 volume percent and
[80.32+(0.390xARO)] also is greater than 94, then [Delta]E300 shall be
set equal to 1 volume percent.
(14) If neither of the conditions established in paragraphs
(c)(1)(iv)(C)(12) and (13) of this section are met, then [Delta]E300
shall be set equal to zero.
(D) During Phase II, the ``edge target'' fuel is identical to the
target fuel for all fuel parameters, with the following exceptions:
(1) If the E200 level of the target fuel is less than 33 volume
percent, then the E200 value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set
equal to 33 volume percent.
(2) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is less than 18 volume
percent, then the ARO value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set
equal to 18 volume percent.
(3) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is greater than 46
volume percent, then the ARO value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be
set equal to 46 volume percent.
(4) If the E300 level of the target fuel is less than 72 volume
percent, then the E300 value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set
equal to 72 volume percent.
(5) If the E300 level of the target fuel is greater than 95 volume
percent, then the E300 value of the target fuel shall be set equal to 95
volume percent for the purposes of calculating VOC emissions with the
Phase II equation given in paragraph (c)(1)(iv)(B) of this section.
(6) If [79.75 + (0.385 x ARO)] exceeds 94 for the target fuel, and
the target fuel value for E300 exceeds 94, then the E300
[[Page 644]]
value for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set equal to 94 volume
percent.
(7) If the E200 level of the target fuel is less than 33 volume
percent, then [Delta]E200 shall be set equal to (E200-33 volume
percent).
(8) If the E200 level of the target fuel equals or exceeds 33 volume
percent, then [Delta]E200 shall be set equal to zero.
(9) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is less than 18 volume
percent and greater than or equal to 10 volume percent, then [Delta]ARO
shall be set equal to (ARO-18 volume percent). If the aromatics level of
the target fuel is less than 10 volume percent, then [Delta]ARO shall be
set equal to -8 volume percent.
(10) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is greater than 46
volume percent, then [Delta]ARO shall be set equal to (ARO - 46 volume
percent).
(11) If neither of the conditions established in paragraphs
(c)(1)(iv)(D)(9) and (10) of this section are met, then [Delta]ARO shall
be set equal to zero.
(12) If the E300 level of the target fuel is less than 72 percent,
then [Delta]E300 shall be set equal to (E300 - 72 percent).
(13) If the E300 level of the target fuel is greater than 94 volume
percent and (79.75 + (0.385 x ARO)) also is greater than 94, then
[Delta]E300 shall be set equal to (E300 - 94 volume percent). If the
E300 level of the target fuel is greater than 95 volume percent and
(79.75 + (0.385 x ARO)) also is greater than 94, then ``E300 shall be
set equal to 1 volume percent.
(2) The winter exhaust VOC emissions performance of gasolines shall
be given by the equations presented in paragraph (c)(1) of this section
with the RVP value set to 8.7 psi for both the baseline and target
fuels.
(3) The nonexhaust VOC emissions performance of gasolines in VOC
Control Region 1 shall be given by the following equations, where:
VOCNE1 = Total nonexhaust emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 1 in grams per mile
VOCDI1 = Diurnal emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 1 in grams per mile
VOCHS1 = Hot soak emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 1 in grams per mile
VOCRL1 = Running loss emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 1 in grams per mile
VOCRF1 = Refueling emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 1 in grams per mile
(i) During Phase I:
VOCNE1 = VOCDI1 + VOCHS1 + VOCRL1 + VOCRF1
VOCDI1 = [0.00736 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.0790 x RVP] + 0.2553
VOCHS1 = [0.01557 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.1671 x RVP] + 0.5399
VOCRL1 = [0.00279 x (RVP\2\)] + [0.1096 x RVP] - 0.7340
VOCRF1 = [0.006668 x RVP] - 0.0180
(ii) During Phase II:
VOCNE1 = VOCDI1 + VOCHS1 + VOCRL1 + VOCRF1
VOCDI1 = [0.007385 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.08981 x RVP] + 0.3158
VOCHS1 = [0.006654 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.08094 x RVP] + 0.2846
VOCRL1 = [0.017768 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.18746 x RVP] + 0.6146
VOCRF1 = [0.004767 x RVP] + 0.011859
(4) The nonexhaust VOC emissions performance of gasolines in VOC
Control Region 2 shall be given by the following equations, where:
VOCNE2 = Total nonexhaust emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 2 in grams per mile
VOCDI2 = Diurnal emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 2 in grams per mile
VOCHS2 = Hot soak emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 2 in grams per mile
VOCRL2 = Running loss emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 2 in grams per mile
VOCRF2 = Refueling emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 2 in grams per mile
(i) During Phase I:
VOCNE2 = VOCDI2 + VOCHS2 + VOCRL2 + VOCRF2
VOCDI2 = [0.006818 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.07682 x RVP] + 0.2610
VOCHS2 = [0.014421 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.16248 x RVP] + 0.5520
VOCRL2 = [0.016255 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.1306 x RVP] + 0.2963
VOCRF2 = [0.006668 x RVP] - 0.0180
(ii) During Phase II:
VOCNE2 = VOCDI2 + VOCHS2 + VOCRL2 + VOCRF2
VOCDI2 = [0.004775 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.05872 x RVP] + 0.21306
[[Page 645]]
VOCHS2 = [0.006078 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.07474 x RVP] + 0.27117
VOCRL2 = [0.016169 x (RVP\2\)] - [0.17206 x RVP] + 0.56724
VOCRF2 = [0.004767 x RVP] + 0.011859
(5) Winter VOC emissions shall be given by VOCE, as defined in
paragraph (c)(2) of this section, using the appropriate baseline
emissions given in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. Total nonexhaust
VOC emissions shall be set equal to zero under winter conditions.
(6) Total VOC emissions. (i) Total summer VOC emissions shall be
given by the following equations:
VOCS1 = (VOCE / 1000) + VOCNE1
VOCS2 = (VOCE / 1000) + VOCNE2
VOCS1 = Total summer VOC emissions in VOC Control Region 1 in terms of
grams per mile
VOCS2 = Total summer VOC emissions in VOC Control Region 2 in terms of
grams per mile
(ii) Total winter VOC emissions shall be given by the following
equations:
VOCW = (VOCE/1000)
VOCW = Total winter VOC emissions in terms of grams per mile
(7) Phase I total VOC emissions performance. (i) The total summer
VOC emissions performance of the target fuel in percentage terms from
baseline levels shall be given by the following equations during Phase
I:
VOCS1% = [100% x (VOCS1-1.306 g/mi)]/(1.306 g/mi)
VOCS2% = [100% x (VOCS2-1.215 g/mi)]/(1.215 g/mi)
VOC1% = Percentage change in VOC emissions from baseline levels in VOC
Control Region 1
VOC2% = Percentage change in VOC emissions from baseline levels in VOC
Control Region 2
(ii) The total winter VOC emissions performance of the target fuel
in percentage terms from baseline levels shall be given by the following
equations during Phase I:
VOCW% = [100% x (VOCW-0.660 g/mi)]/(0.660 g/mi)
VOCW% = Percentage change in winter VOC emissions from baseline levels
(8) Phase II total VOC emissions performance. (i) The total summer
VOC emissions performance of the target fuel in percentage terms from
baseline levels shall be given by the following equations during Phase
II:
VOCS1% = [100% x (VOCS1-1.4663 g/mi)]/(1.4663 g/mi)
VOCS2% = [100% x (VOCS2-1.3991 g/mi)]/(1.3991 g/mi)
(ii) The total winter VOC emissions performance of the target fuel
in percentage terms from baseline levels shall be given by the following
equation during Phase II:
VOCW% = [100% x (VOC -1.341 g/mi)] / (1.341 g/mi)
(d) NOX performance. (1) The summer NOX
emissions performance of gasolines shall be given by the following
equations:
NOX = NOX(b)+[NOX(b) x Y(t)/100]
YNOX(t) = [lsqbb](w1 x
Nn)+(w2 x Hn)-1[rsqbb] x 100
where
NOX = NOX emissions in milligrams/mile
YNOx(t) = NOX performance of target fuel in terms
of percentage change from baseline
NOX(b) = Baseline NOX emissions as defined in
paragraph (b)(2) of this section for the appropriate phase and season
Nn = exp n1(t)/exp n1(b)
Hn = exp n2(t)/exp n2(b)
w1 = Weighting factor for normal emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase
w2 = Weighting factor for higher emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase
n1(t) = Normal emitter NOX equation as defined in
paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties subject to paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) of this section
n2(t) = Higher emitter NOX equation as defined in
paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties subject to paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) of this section
n1(b) = Normal emitter NOX equation as defined in
paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section, evaluated using the base fuel's
properties
n2(b) = Higher emitter NOX equation as defined in
paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, evaluated using the base fuel's
properties
(i) Consolidated equation for normal emitters.
n1 = (0.0018571 x OXY) + (0.0006921 x SUL) + (0.0090744 x
RVP) + (0.0009310 x E200)+ (0.0008460 x E300)+ (0.0083632 x ARO) +
(-0.002774 x OLE) + (-6.63x10-7 x SUL\2\) + (-0.000119 x
ARO\2\) + (0.0003665 x OLE\2\)
(ii) Equation for higher emitters.
[[Page 646]]
n2 = (-0.00913 x OXY) + (0.000252 x SUL) + (-0.01397 x RVP) +
(0.000931 x E200) + (-0.00401 x E300) + (0.007097 x ARO) + (-0.00276
x OLE) + (0.0003665 x OLE\2\) + (-7.995x10-5 x ARO\2\)
(iii) Flat line extrapolations. (A) During Phase I, fuels with
olefin levels less than 3.77 volume percent shall be evaluated with the
OLE fuel parameter set equal to 3.77 volume percent when calculating
NOX performance using the equations described in paragraphs
(d)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section. Fuels with aromatics levels greater
than 36.2 volume percent shall be evaluated with the ARO fuel parameter
set equal to 36.2 volume percent when calculating NOX
performance using the equations described in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and
(ii) of this section.
(B) During Phase II, fuels with olefin levels less than 3.77 volume
percent shall be evaluated with the OLE fuel parameter set equal to 3.77
volume percent when calculating NOX performance using the
equations described in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section.
Fuels with aromatics levels greater than 36.8 volume percent shall be
evaluated with the ARO fuel parameter set equal to 36.8 volume percent
when calculating NOX performance using the equations
described in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(iv) Linear extrapolations. (A) The equations in paragraphs
(d)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section shall be used within the allowable
range of SUL, OLE, and ARO for the appropriate Phase, as defined in the
following table 7:
Table 7--Allowable Ranges of SUL, OLE, and ARO for the NOX Equations in
Paragraphs/(d)(1)(i) and (ii) of This Section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase I Phase II
-------------------------------------
Fuel parameter High High
Low end end Low end end
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUL............................... 10.0 450.0 10.0 450.0
OLE............................... 3.77 19.0 3.77 19.0
ARO............................... 18.0 36.2 18.0 36.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) For fuels with SUL, OLE, and/or ARO levels outside the ranges
defined in Table 7 of paragraph (d)(1)(iv)(A) of this section,
YNOx(t) shall be defined as:
(1) For Phase I:
YNOx(t) = 100% x 0.82 x [exp(n1(et))/
exp(n1(b)) - 1]
+ 100% x 0.18 x [exp(n2(et))/exp(n2(b)) - 1]
+ {100% x 0.82 x [exp(n1(et))/exp(n1(b))] x [{[(-
0.00000133 x SULet) + 0.000692] x [Delta]SUL{time}
+ {[(-0.000238 x AROet) + 0.0083632] x [Delta]ARO{time}
+ {[(0.000733 x OLEet) - 0.002774] x
[Delta]OLE{time} ]{time}
+ {100% x 0.18 x [exp(n2(et))/exp(n2(b))]
x [{0.000252 x [Delta]SUL{time} +
+ {[(-0.0001599 x AROet) + 0.007097] x [Delta]ARO{time}
+ {[(0.000732 x OLEet) - 0.00276] x [Delta]OLE{time} ]{time}
(2) For Phase II:
YNOX(t) = 100% x 0.738 x [exp(n1(et))/
exp(n1(b)) - 1]
+ 100% x 0.262 x [exp(n2(et)/exp(n2(b)) - 1]
+ [100% x 0.738 x [exp(n1(et))/exp(n1(b))]
x [{[(-0.00000133 x SULet) + 0.000692] x [Delta]SUL{time}
+ {[(-0.000238 x AROet) + 0.0083632] x [Delta]ARO{time}
+ {[(0.000733 x OLEet) - 0.002774] x
[Delta]OLE{time} ]{time}
+ {100% x 0.262 x [exp(n2(et))/exp(n2(b))]
x [{0.000252 x [Delta]SUL{time} +
x [{(-0.0001599 x AROet) + 0.007097] x [Delta]ARO{time}
+ {[(0.000732 x OLEet) - 0.00276] x [Delta]OLE{time} ]{time}
Where:
n1, n2 = The equations defined in paragraphs
(d)(1) (i) and (ii) of this section.
et = Collection of fuel parameters for the ``edge target'' fuel. These
parameters are defined in paragraphs (d)(1)(iv) (C) and (D) of this
section.
n1(et) = The function n1 evaluated with ``edge
target'' fuel parameters, which are defined in paragraph (d)(1)(iv)(C)
of this section.
n2(et) = The function n2 evaluated with ``edge
target'' fuel parameters, which are defined in paragraph (d)(1)(iv)(C)
of this section.
n1(b) = The function n1 evaluated with the
appropriate baseline fuel parameters defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section.
n2(b) = The function n2 evaluated with the
appropriate baseline fuel parameters defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section.
[[Page 647]]
SULet = The value of SUL for the ``edge target'' fuel, as
defined in paragraph (d)(1)(iv)(C) of this section.
AROet = The value of ARO for the ``edge target'' fuel, as
defined in paragraph (d)(1)(iv)(C) of this section.
OLEet = The value of OLE for the ``edge target'' fuel, as
defined in paragraph (d)(1)(iv)(C) of this section.
(C) For both Phase I and Phase II, the ``edge target'' fuel is
identical to the target fuel for all fuel parameters, with the following
exceptions:
(1) If the sulfur level of the target fuel is less than 10 parts per
million, then the value of SUL for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set
equal to 10 parts per million.
(2) If the sulfur level of the target fuel is greater than 450 parts
per million, then the value of SUL for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be
set equal to 450 parts per million.
(3) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is less than 18 volume
percent, then the value of ARO for the ``edge target'' fuel shall be set
equal to 18 volume percent.
(4) If the olefins level of the target fuel is greater than 19
volume percent, then the value of OLE for the ``edge target'' fuel shall
be set equal to 19 volume percent.
(5) If the E300 level of the target fuel is greater than 95 volume
percent, then the E300 value of the target fuel shall be set equal to 95
volume percent for the purposes of calculating NOX emissions
with the equations given in paragraph (d)(1)(iv)(B) of this section.
(6) If the sulfur level of the target fuel is less than 10 parts per
million, then [Delta]SUL shall be set equal to (SUL-10 parts per
million).
(7) If the sulfur level of the target fuel is greater than 450 parts
per million, then [Delta]SUL shall be set equal to (SUL-450 parts per
million).
(8) If the sulfur level of the target fuel is neither less than 10
parts per million nor greater than 450 parts per million, [Delta]SUL
shall be set equal to zero.
(9) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is less than 18 volume
percent and greater than 10 volume percent, then [Delta]ARO shall be set
equal to (ARO-18 volume percent). If the aromatics level of the target
fuel is less than 10 volume percent, then [Delta]ARO shall be set equal
to -8 volume percent.
(10) If the aromatics level of the target fuel is greater than or
equal to 18 volume percent, then [Delta]ARO shall be set equal to zero.
(11) If the olefins level of the target fuel is greater than 19
volume percent, then [Delta]OLE shall be set equal to (OLE-19 volume
percent).
(12) If the olefins level of the target fuel is less than or equal
to 19 volume percent, then [Delta]OLE shall be set equal to zero.
(2) The winter NOX emissions performance of gasolines
shall be given by the equations presented in paragraph (d)(1) of this
section with the RVP value set to 8.7 psi.
(3) The NOX emissions performance of the target fuel in
percentage terms from baseline levels shall be given by the following
equations:
For Phase I:
Summer NOX% = [100% x (NOX-0.660 g/mi)]/(0.660 g/
mi)
Winter NOX% = [100% x (NOX-0.750 g/mi)]/(0.750 g/
mi)
For Phase II:
Summer NOX% = [100% x (NOX-1.340 g/mi)]/(1.340 g/
mi)
Winter NOX% = [100% x (NOX-1.540 g/mi)]/(1.540 g/
mi)
Summer NOX% = Percentage change in NOX emissions
from summer baseline levels
Winter NOX% = Percentage change in NOX emissions
from winter baseline levels
(e) Toxics performance--(1) Summer toxics performance. (i) Summer
toxic emissions performance of gasolines in VOC Control Regions 1 and 2
shall be given by the following equations:
TOXICS1 = EXHBZ + FORM + ACET + BUTA + POM + NEBZ1
TOXICS2 = EXHBZ + FORM + ACET + BUTA + POM + NEBZ2
where
TOXICS1 = Summer toxics performance in VOC Control Region 1 in terms of
milligrams per mile.
TOXICS2 = Summer toxics performance in VOC Control Region 2 in terms of
milligrams per mile.
[[Page 648]]
EXHBZ = Exhaust emissions of benzene in terms of milligrams per mile, as
determined in paragraph (e)(4) of this section.
FORM = Emissions of formaldehyde in terms of milligrams per mile, as
determined in paragraph (e)(5) of this section.
ACET = Emissions of acetaldehyde in terms of milligrams per mile, as
determined in paragraph (e)(6) of this section.
BUTA = Emissions of 1,3-butadiene in terms of milligrams per mile, as
determined in paragraph (e)(7) of this section.
POM = Polycyclic organic matter emissions in terms of milligrams per
mile, as determined in paragraph (e)(8) of this section.
NEBZ1 = Nonexhaust emissions of benzene in VOC Control Region 1 in
milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph (e)(9) of this section.
NEBZ2 = Nonexhaust emissions of benzene in VOC Control Region 2 in
milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph (e)(10) of this section.
(ii) The percentage change in summer toxics performance in VOC
Control Regions 1 and 2 shall be given by the following equations:
For Phase I:
TOXICS1% = [100% x (TOXICS1 -48.61 mg/mi)]/(48.61 mg/mi)
TOXICS2% = [100% x (TOXICS2 - 47.58 mg/mi)] / (47.58 mg/mi)
For Phase II:
TOXICS1% = [100% x (TOXICS1 - 86.34 mg/mi)] / (86.34 mg/mi)
TOXICS2% = [100% x (TOXICS2 - 85.61 mg/mi)]/(85.61 mg/mi)
where
TOXICS1% = Percentage change in summer toxics emissions in VOC Control
Region 1 from baseline levels.
TOXICS2% = Percentage change in summer toxics emissions in VOC Control
Region 2 from baseline levels.
(2) Winter toxics performance. (i) Winter toxic emissions
performance of gasolines in VOC Control Regions 1 and 2 shall be given
by the following equation, evaluated with the RVP set at 8.7 psi:
TOXICW = [EXHBZ + FORM + ACET + BUTA + POM]
where
TOXICW = Winter toxics performance in VOC Control Regions 1 and 2 in
terms of milligrams per mile.
EXHBZ = Exhaust emissions of benzene in terms of milligrams per mile, as
determined in paragraph (e)(4) of this section.
FORM = Emissions of formaldehyde in terms of milligrams per mile, as
determined in paragraph (e)(5) of this section.
ACET = Emissions of acetaldehyde in terms of milligrams per mile, as
determined in paragraph (e)(6) of this section.
BUTA = Emissions of 1,3-butadiene in terms of milligrams per mile, as
determined in paragraph (e)(7) of this section.
POM = Polycyclic organic matter emissions in terms of milligrams per
mile, as determined in paragraph (e)(8) of this section.
(ii) The percentage change in winter toxics performance in VOC
Control Regions 1 and 2 shall be given by the following equation:
For Phase I:
TOXICW% = [100%x(TOXICW-58.36 mg/mi)] / (58.36 mg/mi)
For Phase II:
TOXICW% = [100%x(TOXICW-120.55 mg/mi)] / (120.55 mg/mi)
where
TOXICW% = Percentage change in winter toxics emissions in VOC Control
Regions 1 and 2 from baseline levels.
(3) The year-round toxics performance in VOC Control Regions 1 and 2
shall be derived from volume-weighted performances of individual batches
of fuel as described in Sec. 80.67(g).
(4) Exhaust benzene emissions shall be given by the following
equation, subject to paragragh (e)(4)(iii) of this section:
EXHBZ = BENZ(b) + (BENZ(b) x YBEN(t)/100)
YBEN(t) = [lsqbb](w1 x Nb) +
(w2 x Hb) - 1[rsqbb] x 100
where
EXHBZ = Exhaust benzene emissions in milligrams/mile
YBEN(t) = Benzene performance of target fuel in terms of
percentage change from baseline.
BENZ(b) = Baseline benzene emissions as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of
this section for the appropriate phase and season.
Nb = exp b1(t)/exp b1(b)
Hb = exp b2(t)/exp b2(b)
w1 = Weighting factor for normal emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase.
w2 = Weighting factor for higher emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase.
b1(t) = Normal emitter benzene equation, as defined in
paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
[[Page 649]]
properties subject to paragraph (e)(4)(iii) of this section.
b2(t) = Higher emitter benzene equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties subject to paragraph (e)(4)(iii) of this section.
b1(b) = Normal emitter benzene equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this section, evaluated for the base fuel's
properties.
b2(b) = Higher emitter benzene equation, as defined in
paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section, evaluated for the base fuel's
properties.
(i) Consolidated equation for normal emitters.
b1 = (0.0006197 x SUL) + (-0.003376 x E200) + (0.0265500 x
ARO) + (0.2223900 x BEN)
(ii) Equation for higher emitters.
b2 = (-0.096047 x OXY) + (0.0003370 x SUL) + (0.0112510 x
E300) + (0.0118820 x ARO) + (0.2223180 x BEN)
(iii) If the aromatics value of the target fuel is less than 10
volume percent, then an aromatics value of 10 volume percent shall be
used when evaluating the equations given in paragraphs (e)(4) (i) and
(ii) of this section. If the E300 value of the target fuel is greater
than 95 volume percent, then an E300 value of 95 volume percent shall be
used when evaluating the equations in paragraphs (e)(4)(i) and (ii) of
this section.
(5) Formaldehyde mass emissions shall be given by the following
equation, subject to paragraphs (e)(5) (iii) and (iv) of this section:
FORM = FORM(b) + (FORM(b) x YFORM(t) / 100)
YFORM(t) = [(w1 x Nf) + (w2
x Hf) - 1] x 100
where
FORM = Exhaust formaldehyde emissions in terms of milligrams/mile.
YFORM(t) = Formaldehyde performance of target fuel in terms
of percentage change from baseline.
FORM(b) = Baseline formaldehyde emissions as defined in paragraph (b)(2)
of this section for the appropriate Phase and season.
Nf = exp f1(t)/exp f1(b)
Hf = exp f2(t)/exp f2(b)
w1 = Weighting factor for normal emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase.
w2 = Weighting factor for higher emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase.
f1(t) = Normal emitter formaldehyde equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(5)(i) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties subject to paragraphs (e)(5) (iii) and (iv) of this section.
f2(t) = Higher emitter formaldehyde equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(5)(ii) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties subject to paragraphs (e)(5) (iii) and (iv) of this section.
f1(b) = Normal emitter formaldehyde equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(5)(i) of this section, evaluated for the base fuel's
properties.
f2(b) = Higher emitter formaldehyde equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(5)(ii) of this section, evaluated for the base fuel's
properties.
(i) Consolidated equation for normal emitters.
f1 = (-0.010226 x E300) + (-0.007166 x ARO) + (0.0462131 x
MTB)
(ii) Equation for higher emitters.
f2 = (-0.010226 x E300) + (-0.007166 x ARO) + (-0.031352 x
OLE) + (0.0462131 x MTB)
(iii) If the aromatics value of the target fuel is less than 10
volume percent, then an aromatics value of 10 volume percent shall be
used when evaluating the equations given in paragraphs (e)(5) (i) and
(ii) of this section. If the E300 value of the target fuel is greater
than 95 volume percent, then an E300 value of 95 volume percent shall be
used when evaluating the equations given in paragraphs (e)(5) (i) and
(ii) of this section.
(iv) When calculating formaldehyde emissions and emissions
performance, oxygen in the form of alcohols which are more complex or
have higher molecular weights than ethanol shall be evaluated as if it
were in the form of ethanol. Oxygen in the form of methyl ethers other
than TAME and MTBE shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of MTBE.
Oxygen in the form of ethyl ethers other than ETBE shall be evaluated as
if it were in the form of ETBE. Oxygen in the form of non-methyl, non-
ethyl ethers shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ETBE.
Oxygen in the form of methanol or non-alcohol, non-ether oxygenates
[[Page 650]]
shall not be evaluated with the Complex Model, but instead must be
evaluated through vehicle testing per Sec. 80.48.
(6) Acetaldehyde mass emissions shall be given by the following
equation, subject to paragraphs (e)(6) (iii) and (iv) of this section:
ACET = ACET(b) + (ACET(b)xYACET(t)/100)
YACET(t) = [(w1xNa) +
(w2xHa)-1]x100
where
ACET = Exhaust acetaldehyde emissions in terms of milligrams/mile
YACET(t) = Acetaldehyde performance of target fuel in terms
of percentage change from baseline
ACET(b) = Baseline acetaldehyde emissions as defined in paragraph (b)(2)
of this section for the appropriate phase and season
Na = exp a1(t)/exp a1(b)
Ha = exp a2(t)/exp a2(b)
w1 = Weighting factor for normal emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate phase
w2 = Weighting factor for higher emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate phase
a1(t) = Normal emitter acetaldehyde equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(6)(i) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties, subject to paragraphs (e)(6) (iii) and (iv) of this section
a2(t) = Higher emitter acetaldehyde equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(6)(ii) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties, subject to paragraphs (e)(6) (iii) and (iv) of this section
a1(b) = Normal emitter acetaldehyde equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(6)(i) of this section, evaluated for the base fuel's
properties
f2(b) = Higher emitter acetaldehyde equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(6)(ii) of this section, evaluated for the base fuel's
properties
(i) Consolidated equation for normal emitters.
a1 = (0.0002631xSUL)+ (0.0397860xRVP) + (-0.012172xE300) + (-
0.005525xARO) + (-0.009594xMTB) + (0.3165800xETB) + (0.2492500xETH)
(ii) Equation for higher emitters.
a2 = (0.0002627xSUL)+ (-0.012157xE300) + (-0.005548xARO) + (-
0.055980xMTB) + (0.3164665xETB) + (0.2493259xETH)
(iii) If the aromatics value of the target fuel is less than 10
volume percent, then an aromatics value of 10 volume percent shall be
used when evaluating the equations given in paragraphs (e)(6) (i) and
(ii) of this section. If the E300 value of the target fuel is greater
than 95 volume percent, then an E300 value of 95 volume percent shall be
used when evaluating the equations given in paragraphs (e)(6) (i) and
(ii) of this section.
(iv) When calculating acetaldehyde emissions and emissions
performance, oxygen in the form of alcohols which are more complex or
have higher molecular weights than ethanol shall be evaluated as if it
were in the form of ethanol. Oxygen in the form of methyl ethers other
than TAME and MTBE shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of MTBE.
Oxygen in the form of ethyl ethers other than ETBE shall be evaluated as
if it were in the form of ETBE. Oxygen in the form of non-methyl, non-
ethyl ethers shall be evaluated as if it were in the form of ETBE.
Oxygen in the form of methanol or non-alcohol, non-ether oxygenates
shall not be evaluated with the Complex Model, but instead must be
evaluated through vehicle testing per Sec. 80.48.
(7) 1,3-butadiene mass emissions shall be given by the following
equations, subject to paragraph (e)(7)(iii) of this section:
BUTA = BUTA(b) + (BUTA(b)xYBUTA(t)/100)
YBUTA(t) = [(w1xNd) +
(w2xHd)-1]x100
where
BUTA = Exhaust 1,3-butadiene emissions in terms of milligrams/mile
YBUTA(t) = 1,3-butadiene performance of target fuel in terms
of percentage change from baseline
BUTA(b) = Baseline 1,3-butadiene emissions as defined in paragraph
(b)(2) of this section for the appropriate phase and season
Nd = exp d1(t)/exp d1(b)
Hd = exp d2(t)/exp d2(b)
w1 = eighting factor for normal emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate phase
w2 = Weighting factor for higher emitters as defined in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the appropriate Phase.
d1(t) = Normal emitter 1,3-butadiene equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(7)(i) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties, subject to paragraph (e)(7)(iii) of this section.
d2(t) = Higher emitter 1,3-butadiene equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(7)(ii) of this section, evaluated using the target fuel's
properties, subject to paragraph (e)(7)(iii) of this section.
[[Page 651]]
d1(b) = Normal emitter 1,3-butadiene equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(7)(i) of this section, evaluated for the base fuel's
properties.
d2(b) = Higher emitter 1,3-butadiene equation as defined in
paragraph (e)(7)(ii) of this section, evaluated for the base fuel's
properties.
(i) Consolidated equation for normal emitters.
d1 = (0.0001552xSUL)+ (-0.007253xE200) + (-0.014866xE300) +
(-0.004005xARO) + (0.0282350xOLE)
(ii) Equation for higher emitters.
d2 = (-0.060771xOXY)+ (-0.007311xE200) + (-0.008058xE300) +
(-0.004005xARO) + (0.0436960xOLE)
(iii) If the aromatics value of the target fuel is less than 10
volume percent, then an aromatics value of 10 volume percent shall be
used when evaluating the equations given in paragraphs (e)(7) (i) and
(ii) of this section. If the E300 value of the target fuel is greater
than 95 volume percent, then an E300 value of 95 volume percent shall be
used when evaluating the equations given in paragraphs (e)(7) (i) and
(ii) of this section.
(8) Polycyclic organic matter mass emissions shall be given by the
following equation:
POM=0.003355xVOCE
POM = Polycyclic organic matter emissions in terms of milligrams per
mile
VOCE = Non-methane, non-ethane exhaust emissions of volatile organic
compounds in grams per mile.
(9) Nonexhaust benzene emissions in VOC Control Region 1 shall be
given by the following equations for both Phase I and Phase II:
NEBZ1 = DIBZ1 + HSBZ1 + RLBZ1 + RFBZ1
HSBZ1 = 10 x BEN x VOCHS1 x [(-0.0342 x MTB) + (-0.080274 x RVP) +
1.4448]
DIBZ1 = 10 x BEN x VOCD11 x [(-0.0290 x MTB) + (-0.080274 x RVP) +
1.3758]
RLBZ1 = 10 x BEN x VOCRL1 x [(-0.0342 x MTB) + (-0.080274 x RVP) +
1.4448]
RFBZ1 = 10 x BEN x VOCRF1 x [(-0.0296 x MTB) + (-0.081507 x RVP) +
1.3972
where
NEBZ1 = Nonexhaust emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 1 in milligrams per mile.
DIBZ1 = Diurnal emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 1 in milligrams per mile.
HSBZ1 = Hot soak emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 1 in milligrams per mile.
RLBZ1 = Running loss emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 1 in milligrams per mile.
RFBZ1 = Refueling emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 1 in grams per mile.
VOCDI1 = Diurnal emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 1 in milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph (c)(3) of
this section.
VOCHS1 = Hot soak emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 1 in milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph (c)(3) of
this section.
VOCRL1 = Running loss emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 1 in milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph
(c)(3) of this section.
VOCRF1 = Refueling emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 1 in milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph
(c)(3) of this section.
(10) Nonexhaust benzene emissions in VOC Control Region 2 shall be
given by the following equations for both Phase I and Phase II:
NEBZ2 = DIBZ2 + HSBZ2 + RLBZ2 + RFBZ2
HSBZ2 = 10 x BEN x VOCHS2 x [(-0.0342 x MTB) + (-0.080274 x RVP) +
1.4448]
DIBZ2 = 10 x BEN x VOCD12 x [(-0.0290 x MTB) + (-0.080274 x RVP) +
1.3758]
RLBZ2 = 10 x BEN x VOCRL2 x [(-0.0342 x MTB) + (-0.080274 x RVP) +
1.4448]
RFBZ2 = 10 x BEN x VOCRF2 x [(-0.0296 x MTB) + (-0.081507 x RVP) +
1.3972
where
NEBZ2 = Nonexhaust emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 2 in milligrams per mile.
DIBZ2 = Diurnal emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 2 in milligrams per mile.
HSBZ2 = Hot soak emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 2 in milligrams per mile.
RLBZ2 = Running loss emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 2 in milligrams per mile.
RFBZ2 = Refueling emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 2 in grams per mile.
[[Page 652]]
VOCDI2 = Diurnal emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 2 in milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph (c)(4) of
this section.
VOCHS2 = Hot soak emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC Control
Region 2 in milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph (c)(4) of
this section.
VOCRL2 = Running loss emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 2 in milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph
(c)(4) of this section.
VOCRF2 = Refueling emissions of volatile organic compounds in VOC
Control Region 2 in milligrams per mile, as determined in paragraph
(c)(4) of this section.
(f) Limits of the model. (1) The equations described in paragraphs
(c), (d), and (e) of this section shall be valid only for fuels with
fuel properties that fall in the following ranges for reformulated
gasolines and conventional gasolines:
(i) For reformulated gasolines:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel property Acceptable range
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxygen.............................. 0.0-4.0 weight percent.
Sulfur.............................. 0.0-500.0 parts per million by
weight.
RVP................................. 6.4-10.0 pounds per square inch.
E200................................ 30.0-70.0 percent evaporated.
E300................................ 70.0-100.0 percent evaporated.
Aromatics........................... 0.0-50.0 volume percent.
Olefins............................. 0.0-25.0 volume percent.
Benzene............................. 0.0-2.0 volume percent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) For conventional gasoline:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel property Acceptable range
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxygen.............................. 0.00-4.0 weight percent.
Sulfur.............................. 0.0-1000.0 parts per million by
weight.
RVP................................. 6.4-11.0 pounds per square inch.
E200................................ 30.0-70.0 evaporated percent.
E300................................ 70.0-100.0 evaporated percent.
Aromatics........................... 0.0-55.0 volume percent.
Olefins............................. 0.0-30.0 volume percent.
Benzene............................. 0.0-4.9 volume percent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Fuels with one or more properties that do not fall within the
ranges described in above shall not be certified or evaluated for their
emissions performance using the complex emissions model described in
paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section.
[59 FR 7813, Feb. 16, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 36959, July 20, 1994; 62
FR 68206, Dec. 31, 1997; 71 FR 74566, Dec. 15, 2005]