[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 16]
[Revised as of July 1, 2006]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR80.49]
[Page 659-662]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 80_REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES--Table of Contents
Subpart D_Reformulated Gasoline
Sec. 80.49 Fuels to be used in augmenting the complex emission model
through vehicle testing.
(a) Seven fuels (hereinafter called the ``addition fuels'') shall be
tested for the purpose of augmenting the complex emission model with a
parameter not currently included in the complex emission model. The
properties of the addition fuels are specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and
(2) of this section. The addition fuels shall be specified with at least
the same level of detail and precision as in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this
section, and this information must be included in the petition submitted
to the Administrator requesting augmentation of the complex emission
model.
(1) The seven addition fuels to be tested when augmenting the
complex model specified at Sec. 80.45 with a new fuel parameter shall
have the properties specified as follows:
Properties of Fuels To Be Tested When Augmenting the Model With a New Fuel Parameter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuels
Fuel property -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur, ppm................. 150 150 150 35 35 500 500
Benzene, vol %.............. 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.3
RVP, psi.................... 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.5 6.5 8.1 8.1
E200, %..................... 50 50 50 62 62 37 37
E300, %..................... 85 85 85 92 92 79 79
Aromatics, vol %............ 27 27 27 20 20 45 45
Olefins, vol %.............. 9.0 9.0 9.0 2.0 2.0 18 18
Oxygen, wt %................ 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.7 2.7 1.5 1.5
Octane, (R+M)/2............. 87 87 87 87 87 87 87
New Parameter \1\........... C (C+B)/2 B C B C B
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ C = Candidate level, B = Baseline level.
(i) For the purposes of vehicle testing, the ``baseline'' level of
the parameter shall refer to the level of the parameter in Clean Air Act
baseline gasoline. The ``candidate'' level of the parameter shall refer
to the most extreme value of the parameter, relative to baseline levels,
for which the augmentation shall be valid.
(ii) If the fuel parameter for which the fuel supplier is
petitioning EPA to augment the complex emission model (hereinafter
defined as the ``candidate parameter'') is not specified for Clean Air
Act summer baseline fuel, then the baseline level for the candidate
parameter shall be set at the levels found in typical gasoline. This
level and the justification for this level shall be included in the
petitioner's submittal to EPA prior to initiating the test program, and
EPA must approve this level prior to the start of the program.
(iii) If the candidate parameter is not specified for Clean Air Act
summer baseline fuel, and is not present in typical gasoline, its
baseline level shall be zero.
(2) The addition fuels shall contain detergent control additives in
accordance with section 211(l) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
and the associated EPA requirements for such additives.
(3) The addition fuels shall be specified with at least the same
level of detail and precision as in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section,
and this information shall be included in the petition submitted to the
Administrator requesting augmentation of the complex emission model.
(i) Paraffin levels in Fuels 1 and 2 shall be altered from the
paraffin level in Fuel 3 to compensate for the addition or removal of
the candidate parameter, if necessary. Paraffin levels in Fuel 4 shall
be altered from the paraffin level in Fuel 5 to compensate for the
addition or removal of the candidate parameter, if necessary. Paraffin
levels in Fuel 6 shall be altered from the paraffin level in Fuel 7 to
[[Page 660]]
compensate for the addition or removal of the candidate parameter, if
necessary.
(ii) Other properties of Fuels 4 and 6 shall not vary from the
levels for Fuels 5 and 7, respectively, unless such variations are the
naturally-occurring result of the changes described in paragraphs (a)(1)
and (2) of this section. Other properties of Fuels 1 and 2 shall not
vary from the levels for Fuel 3, unless such variations are the
naturally- occurring result of the changes described in paragraphs
(a)(1) and (2) of this section.
(iii) The addition fuels shall be specified with at least the same
level of detail and precision as defined in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this
section, and this information must be included in the petition submitted
to the Administrator requesting augmentation of the complex emission
model.
(4) The properties of the addition fuels shall be within the
blending tolerances defined in this paragraph (a)(4) relative to the
values specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section. Fuels
that do not meet these tolerances shall require the approval of the
Administrator to be used in vehicle testing to augment the complex
emission model:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel parameter Blending tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur content............................ 25
ppm.
Benzene content........................... 0.2
vol %.
RVP....................................... 0.2
psi.
E200 level................................ 2 %.
E300 level................................ 4 %.
Oxygenate content......................... 1.0
vol %.
Aromatics content......................... 2.7
vol %.
Olefins content........................... 2.5
vol %.
Saturates content......................... 2.0
vol %.
Octane.................................... 0.5.
Detergent control additives............... 10% of
the level required by EPA's
detergents rule.
Candidate parameter....................... To be determined as part of
the augmentation process.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(5) The composition and properties of the addition fuels shall be
determined by averaging a series of independent tests of the properties
and compositional factors defined in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section
as well as any additional properties or compositional factors for which
emission benefits are claimed.
(i) The number of independent tests to be conducted shall be
sufficiently large to reduce the measurement uncertainty for each
parameter to a sufficiently small value. At a minimum the 95% confidence
limits (as calculated using a standard t-test) for each parameter must
be within the following range of the mean measured value of each
parameter:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel parameter Measurement uncertainty
------------------------------------------------------------------------
API gravity............................... 0.2[deg]API
Sulfur content............................ 10 ppm
Benzene content........................... 0.02
vol %
RVP....................................... 0.05
psi
Octane.................................... 0.2
(R+M/2)
E200 level................................ 2%
E300 level................................ 2%
Oxygenate content......................... 0.2
vol %
Aromatics content......................... 0.5
vol %
Olefins content........................... 0.3
vol %
Saturates content......................... 1.0
vol %
Detergent control Additives............... 2% of
the level required by EPA's
detergents rule.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The 95% confidence limits for measurements of fuel parameters
for which emission reduction benefits are claimed and for which
tolerances are not defined in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section must
be within 5% of the mean measured value.
(iii) Each test must be conducted in the same laboratory in
accordance with the procedures outlined at Sec. 80.46.
(b) Three fuels (hereinafter called ``extention fuels'') shall be
tested for purpose of extending the valid range of the complex emission
model for a parameter currently included in the complex emission model.
The properties of the extension fuels are specified in paragraphs (b)(2)
through (4) of this section. The extension fuels shall be specified with
at least the same level of detail and precision as in paragraph
(a)(5)(i) of this section, and this information must be included in the
petition submitted to the Administrator requesting augmentation of the
complex emission model. Each set of three extension fuels shall be used
only to extend the range of a single complex model parameter.
(1) The ``extension level'' shall refer to the level to which the
parameter being tested is to be extended. The three fuels to be tested
when extending the range of fuel parameters already included in the
complex model or a prior augmentation to the complex model shall be
referred to as ``extension fuels.''
[[Page 661]]
(2) The composition and properties of the extension fuels shall be
as described in paragraphs (b)(2) (i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) The extension fuels shall have the following levels of the
parameter being extended:
Level of Existing Complex Model Parameters Being Extended
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Extension fuel Extension Extension
Fuel property being extended No. 1 fuel No. 2 fuel No. 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur, ppm................... Extension level. 80 450
Benzene, vol %................ Extension level. 0.5 1.5
RVP, psi...................... Extension level. 6.7 8.0
E200, %....................... Extension level. 38 61
E300, %....................... Extension level. 78 92
Aromatics, vol %.............. Extension level. 20 45
Olefins, vol %................ Extension level. 3.0 18
Oxygen, wt %.................. Extension level. 1.7 2.7
Octane, R+M/2................. 87.............. 87 87
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The levels of parameters other than the one being extended
shall be given by the following table for all three extension fuels:
Levels for Fuel Parameters Other Than Those Being Extended
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Extension Extension Extension
Fuel property fuel No. fuel No. fuel No.
1 2 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur, ppm............................ 150 150 150
Benzene, vol %......................... 1.0 1.0 1.0
RVP, psi............................... 7.5 7.5 7.5
E200, %................................ 50 50 50
E300, %................................ 85 85 85
Aromatics, vol %....................... 25 25 25
Olefins, vol %......................... 9.0 9.0 9.0
Oxygen, wt %........................... 2.0 2.0 2.0
Octane, R+M/2.......................... 87 87 87
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) If the Complex Model for any pollutant includes one or more
interactive terms involving the parameter being extended, then two
additional extension fuels shall be required to be tested for each such
interactive term. These additional extension fuels shall have the
following properties:
(i) The parameter being tested shall be present at its extension
level.
(ii) The interacting parameter shall be present at the levels
specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section for extension Fuels 2
and 3.
(iii) All other parameters shall be present at the levels specified
in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
(4) All extension fuels shall contain detergent control additives in
accordance with Section 211(l) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
and the associated EPA requirements for such additives.
(c) The addition fuels defined in paragraph (a) of this section and
the extension fuels defined in paragraph (b) of this section shall meet
the following requirements for blending and measurement precision:
(1) The properties of the test and extension fuels shall be within
the blending tolerances defined in this paragraph (c) relative to the
values specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. Fuels that
do not meet the following tolerances shall require the approval of the
Administrator to be used in vehicle testing to augment the complex
emission model:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel parameter Blending tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur content............................ 25
ppm.
Benzene content........................... 0.2
vol %.
RVP....................................... 0.2
psi.
E200 level................................ 2 %.
E300 level................................ 4 %.
Oxygenate content......................... 1.5
vol %.
Aromatics content......................... 2.7
vol %.
Olefins content........................... 2.5
vol %.
Saturates content......................... 2.0
vol %.
Octane.................................... 0.5.
Candidate parameter....................... To be determined as part of
the augmentation process.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) The extension and addition fuels shall be specified with at
least the same level of detail and precision as defined in paragraph
(c)(2)(ii) of this section, and this information must be included in the
petition submitted to the Administrator requesting augmentation of the
complex emission model.
(i) The composition and properties of the addition and extension
fuels shall be determined by averaging a series of independent tests of
the properties and compositional factors defined in paragraph (c)(2)(ii)
of this section as well as any additional properties or compositional
factors for which emission benefits are claimed.
(ii) The number of independent tests to be conducted shall be
sufficiently large to reduce the measurement uncertainty for each
parameter to a sufficiently small value. At a minimum the 95% confidence
limits (as calculated using a standard t-test) for each parameter must
be within the following range of the mean measured value of each
parameter:
[[Page 662]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fuel parameter Measurement uncertainty
------------------------------------------------------------------------
API gravity............................... 0.2
[deg]API.
Sulfur content............................ 5 ppm.
Benzene content........................... 0.05
vol %.
RVP....................................... 0.08
psi.
Octane.................................... 0.1
(R+M/2).
E200 level................................ 2 %.
E300 level................................ 2 %.
Oxygenate content......................... 0.2
vol %.
Aromatics content......................... 0.5
vol %.
Olefins content........................... 0.3
vol %.
Saturates content......................... 1.0
vol.%
Octane.................................... 0.2.
Candidate parameter....................... To be determined as part of
the augmentation process.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Petitioners shall obtain approval from EPA for the 95%
confidence limits for measurements of fuel parameters for which emission
reduction benefits are claimed and for which tolerances are not defined
in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section.
(iv) Each test must be conducted in the same laboratory in
accordance with the procedures outlined at Sec. 80.46.
(v) The complex emission model described at Sec. 80.45 shall be
used to adjust the emission performance of the addition and extension
fuels to compensate for differences in fuel compositions that are
incorporated in the complex model, as described at Sec. 80.48.
Compensating adjustments for naturally-resulting variations in fuel
parameters shall also be made using the complex model. The adjustment
process is described in paragraph (d) of this section.
(d) The complex emission model described at Sec. 80.45 shall be
used to adjust the emission performance of addition and extension fuels
to compensate for differences in fuel parameters other than the
parameter being tested. Compensating adjustments for naturally-resulting
variations in fuel parameters shall also be made using the complex
model. These adjustments shall be calculated as follows:
(1) Determine the exhaust emissions performance of the actual
addition or extension fuels relative to the exhaust emissions
performance of Clean Air Act baseline fuel using the complex model. For
addition fuels, set the level of the parameter being tested at baseline
levels for purposes of emissions performance evaluation using the
complex model. For extension fuel 1, set the level of the
parameter being extended at the level specified in extension fuel
2. Also determine the exhaust emissions performance of the
addition fuels specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section with the
level of the parameter being tested set at baseline levels.
(2) Calculate adjustment factors for each addition fuel as follows:
(i) Adjustment factors shall be calculated using the formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16FE94.006
where
A = the adjustment factor
P(actual) = the performance of the actual fuel used in testing according
to the complex model
P(nominal) = the performance that would have been achieved by the test
fuel defined in paragraph (a)(1) of this section according to the
complex model (as described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section).
(ii) Adjustment factors shall be calculated for each pollutant and
for each emitter class.
(3) Multiply the measured emissions from each vehicle by the
corresponding adjustment factor for the appropriate addition or
extension fuel, pollutant, and emitter class. Use the resulting adjusted
emissions to conduct all modeling and emission effect estimation
activities described in Sec. 80.48.
(e) All fuels included in vehicle testing programs shall have an
octane number of 87.5, as measured by the (R+M)/2 method following the
ASTM D4814 procedures, to within the measurement and blending tolerances
specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(f) A single batch of each addition or extension fuel shall be used
throughout the duration of the testing program.
[59 FR 7813, Feb. 16, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 36962, July 20, 1994; 71
FR 74567, Dec. 15, 2005]