Section

[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 49, Volume 6]
[Revised as of October 1, 2006]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 49CFR571.213]

[Page 694-737]

TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION

CHAPTER V--NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC
SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT
OF TRANSPORTATION

PART 571_FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS--Table of Contents

Subpart B_Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

Sec. 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems.

S1. Scope. This standard specifies requirements for child restraint
systems used in motor vehicles and aircraft.
S2. Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce the number of
children killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes and in aircraft.
S3. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars,
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses, and to child
restraint systems for use in motor vehicles and aircraft.
S4. Definitions.
Add-on child restraint system means any portable child restraint
system.
Backless child restraint system means a child restraint, other than
a belt-positioning seat, that consists of a seating platform that does
not extend up to provide a cushion for the child's back or head and has
a structural element designed to restrain forward motion of the child's
torso in a forward impact.
Belt-positioning seat means a child restraint system that positions
a child on a vehicle seat to improve the fit of a vehicle Type II belt
system on the child and that lacks any component, such as a belt system
or a structural element, designed to restrain forward movement of the
child's torso in a forward impact.

[[Page 695]]

Booster seat means either a backless child restraint system or a
belt-positioning seat.
Built-in child restraint system means a child restraint system that
is designed to be an integral part of and permanently installed in a
motor vehicle.
Car bed means a child restraint system designed to restrain or
position a child in the supine or prone position on a continuous flat
surface.
Child restraint anchorage system is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225
(Sec. 571.225).
Child restraint system means any device, except Type I or Type II
seat belts, designed for use in a motor vehicle or aircraft to restrain,
seat, or position children who weigh 30 kilograms (kg) or less.
Contactable surface means any child restraint system surface (other
than that of a belt, belt buckle, or belt adjustment hardware) that may
contact any part of the head or torso of the appropriate test dummy,
specified in S7, when a child restraint system is tested in accordance
with S6.1.
Factory-installed built-in child restraint system means a built-in
child restraint system that has been or will be permanently installed in
a motor vehicle before that vehicle is certified as a completed or
altered vehicle in accordance with part 567 of this chapter.
Harness means a combination pelvic and upper torso child restraint
system that consists primarily of flexible material, such as straps,
webbing or similar material, and that does not include a rigid seating
structure for the child.
Rear-facing child restraint system means a child restraint system,
except a car bed, that positions a child to face in the direction
opposite to the normal direction of travel of the motor vehicle.
Representative aircraft passenger seat means either a Federal
Aviation Administration approved production aircraft passenger seat or a
simulated aircraft passenger seat conforming to Figure 6.
Seat orientation reference line or SORL means the horizontal line
through Point Z as illustrated in Figure 1A.
Specific vehicle shell means the actual vehicle model part into
which the built-in child restraint system is or is intended to be
fabricated, including the complete surroundings of the built-in system.
If the built-in child restraint system is or is intended to be
fabricated as part of any seat other than a front seat, these
surroundings include the back of the seat in front, the interior rear
side door panels and trim, the floor pan, adjacent pillars (e.g., the B
and C pillars), and the ceiling. If the built-in system is or is
intended to be fabricated as part of the front seat, these surroundings
include the dashboard, the steering mechanism and its associated trim
hardware, any levers and knobs installed on the floor or on a console,
the interior front side door panels and trim, the front seat, the floor
pan, the A pillars and the ceiling.
Tether anchorage is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225 (Sec. 571.225).
Tether strap is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225 (Sec. 571.225).
Tether hook is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225 (Sec. 571.225).
Torso means the portion of the body of a seated anthropomorphic test
dummy, excluding the thighs, that lies between the top of the child
restraint system seating surface and the top of the shoulders of the
test dummy.
S5. Requirements. (a) Each motor vehicle with a built-in child
restraint system shall meet the requirements in this section when, as
specified, tested in accordance with S6.1 and this paragraph.
(b) Each child restraint system manufactured for use in motor
vehicles shall meet the requirements in this section when, as specified,
tested in accordance with S6.1 and this paragraph. Each add-on system
shall meet the requirements at each of the restraint's seat back angle
adjustment positions and restraint belt routing positions, when the
restraint is oriented in the direction recommended by the manufacturer
(e.g., forward, rearward or laterally) pursuant to S5.6, and tested with
the test dummy specified in S7.
(c) Each child restraint system manufactured for use in aircraft
shall meet the requirements in this section and the additional
requirements in S8.
(d) Each child restraint tested with a Part 572 Subpart S dummy need
not meet S5.1.2 and S5.1.3.
S5.1 Dynamic performance.

[[Page 696]]

S5.1.1 Child restraint system integrity. When tested in accordance
with S6.1, each child restraint system shall meet the requirements of
paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.
(a) Exhibit no complete separation of any load bearing structural
element and no partial separation exposing either surfaces with a radius
of less than \1/4\ inch or surfaces with protrusions greater than \3/8\
inch above the immediate adjacent surrounding contactable surface of any
structural element of the system.
(b)(1) If adjustable to different positions, remain in the same
adjustment position during the testing that it was in immediately before
the testing, except as otherwise specified in paragraph (b)(2).
(2)(i) Subject to paragraph (b)(2)(ii), a rear-facing child
restraint system may have a means for repositioning the seating surface
of the system that allows the system's occupant to move from a reclined
position to an upright position and back to a reclined position during
testing.
(ii) No opening that is exposed and is larger than \1/4\ inch before
the testing shall become smaller during the testing as a result of the
movement of the seating surface relative to the restraint system as a
whole.
(c) If a front facing child restraint system, not allow the angle
between the system's back support surfaces for the child and the
system's seating surface to be less than 45 degrees at the completion of
the test.
S5.1.2 Injury criteria. When tested in accordance with S6.1 and with
the test dummies specified in S7, each child restraint system
manufactured before August 1, 2005, that, in accordance with S5.5.2, is
recommended for use by children whose mass is more than 10 kg shall--
(a) Limit the resultant acceleration at the location of the
accelerometer mounted in the test dummy head as specified in part 572
such that the expression:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC01AU91.097

shall not exceed 1,000, where a is the resultant acceleration expressed
as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t1 and
t2 are any two moments during the impacts.
(b) Limit the resultant acceleration at the location of the
accelerometer mounted in the test dummy upper thorax as specified in
part 572 to not more than 60 g's, except for intervals whose cumulative
duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
S5.1.2.1 When tested in accordance with S6.1 and with the test
dummies specified in S7, each child restraint system manufactured on or
after August 1, 2005 shall'
(a) Limit the resultant acceleration at the location of the
accelerometer mounted in the test dummy head such that, for any two
points in time, t1 and t2, during the event which are separated by not
more than a 36 millisecond time interval and where t1 is less than t2,
the maximum calculated head injury criterion (HIC36) shall not exceed
1,000, determined using the resultant head acceleration at the center of
gravity of the dummy head, ar, expressed as a multiple of g (the
acceleration of gravity), calculated using the expression:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18JN03.018

(b) The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the
thoracic instrumentation shall not exceed 60 g's, except for intervals
whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
S5.1.2.2 At the manufacturer's option (with said option irrevocably
selected prior to, or at the time of, certification of the restraint),
child restraint systems manufactured before August 1, 2005 may be tested
to the requirements of S5 while using the test dummies specified in
S7.1.2 of this standard according to the criteria for selecting test
dummies specified in that paragraph. That paragraph specifies the
dummies used to test child restraint systems manufactured on or after
August 1, 2005. If a manufacturer selects the dummies specified in
S7.1.2 to test its product, the injury criteria

[[Page 697]]

specified by S5.1.2.1 of this standard must be met. Child restraints
manufactured on or after August 1, 2005 must be tested using the test
dummies specified in S7.1.2.
S5.1.3 Occupant excursion. When tested in accordance with S6.1 and
the requirements specified in this section, each child restraint system
shall meet the applicable excursion limit requirements specified in
S5.1.3.1-S5.1.3.3.
S5.1.3.1 Child restraint systems other than rear-facing ones and car
beds. Each child restraint system, other than a rear-facing child
restraint system or a car bed, shall retain the test dummy's torso
within the system.
(a) For each add-on child restraint system:
(1) No portion of the test dummy's head shall pass through a
vertical transverse plane that is 720 mm or 813 mm (as specified in the
table in this S5.1.3.1) forward of point Z on the standard seat
assembly, measured along the center SORL (as illustrated in figure 1B of
this standard); and
(2) Neither knee pivot point shall pass through a vertical
transverse plane that is 915 mm forward of point Z on the standard seat
assembly, measured along the center SORL.

Table to S5.1.3.1(a)--Add-On Forward-Facing Child Restraints
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Explanatory note: In the
test specified in 2nd
column, the child
is tested in accordance these excursion limits restraint is attached to
When this type of child restraint with-- apply the test seat assembly
in the manner described
below, subject to
certain conditions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Harnesses, backless booster seats S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A)..... Head 813 mm;........... Attached with lap belt;
and restraints designed for use by Knee 915 mm............ in addition, if a
physically handicapped children. tether is provided, it
is attached.
Harnesses labeled per S5.3.1(b)(i) S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A)..... Head 813 mm;........... Attached with seat back
through S5.3.1(b)(iii) and Figure Knee 915 mm............ mount.
12.
Belt-positioning seats.............. S6.1.2(a)(1)(ii)....... Head 813 mm;........... Attached with lap and
Knee 915 mm............ shoulder belt; no
tether is attached.
All other child restraints, S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(B)..... Head 813 mm;........... Attached with lap belt;
manufactured before September 1, Knee 915 mm............ no tether is attached.
1999.
All other child restraints, S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(B)..... Head 813 mm;........... Attached with lap belt;
manufactured on or after September Knee 915 mm............ no tether is attached.
1, 1999.
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(D) Attached to lower
(beginning September anchorages of child
1, 2002). restraint anchorage
system; no tether is
attached.
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A)..... Head 720 mm;........... Attached with lap belt;
Knee 915 mm............ in addition, if a
tether is provided, it
is attached.
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(C) Attached to lower
(beginning September anchorages of child
1, 2002). restraint anchorage
system; in addition, if
a tether is provided,
it is attached.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) In the case of a built-in child restraint system, neither knee
pivot point shall, at any time during the dynamic test, pass through a
vertical transverse plane that is 305 mm forward of the initial pre-test
position of the respective knee pivot point, measured along a horizontal
line that passes through the knee pivot point and is parallel to the
vertical longitudinal plane that passes through the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline.
S5.1.3.2 Rear-facing child restraint systems. In the case of each
rear-facing child restraint system, all portions of the test dummy's
torso shall be retained within the system and neither of the target
points on either side of the dummy's head and on the transverse axis
passing through the center of mass of the dummy's head and perpendicular
to the head's midsagittal plane, shall pass through the transverse
orthogonal planes whose intersection contains the forward-most and top-
most points on the child restraint system surfaces (illustrated in
Figure 1C).
S5.1.3.3 Car beds. In the case of car beds, all portions of the test
dummy's head and torso shall be retained within the confines of the car
bed.
S5.1.4 Back support angle. When a rear-facing child restraint system
is

[[Page 698]]

tested in accordance with S6.1, the angle between the system's back
support surface for the child and the vertical shall not exceed 70
degrees.
S5.2 Force distribution.
S5.2.1 Minimum head support surface--child restraints other than car
beds.
S5.2.1.1 Except as provided in S5.2.1.2, each child restraint system
other than a car bed shall provide restraint against rearward movement
of the head of the child (rearward in relation to the child) by means of
a continuous seat back which is an integral part of the system and
which--
(a) Has a height, measured along the system seat back surface for
the child in the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the
longitudinal centerline of the child restraint systems from the lowest
point on the system seating surface that is contacted by the buttocks of
the seated dummy, as follows:

Table to S5.2.1.1(a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Height
Weight \1\ \2\(mm)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Not more than 18 kg.......................................... 500
More than 18 kg.............................................. 560
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ When a child restraint system is recommended under S5.5 for use by
children of the above weights.
\2\ The height of the portion of the system seat back providing head
restraint shall not be less than the above.

(b) Has a width of not less than 8 inches, measured in the
horizontal plane at the height specified in paragraph (a) of this
section. Except that a child restraint system with side supports
extending at least 4 inches forward from the padded surface of the
portion of the restraint system provided for support of the child's head
may have a width of not less than 6 inches, measured in the horizontal
plane at the height specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) Limits the rearward rotation of the test dummy head so that the
angle between the head and torso of the dummy specified in S7. when
tested in accordance with S6.1 is not more than 45 degrees greater than
the angle between the head and torso after the dummy has been placed in
the system in accordance with S6.1.2.3 and before the system is tested
in accordance with S6.1.
S5.2.1.2 The applicability of the requirements of S5.2.1.1 to a
front-facing child restraint, and the conformance of any child restraint
other than a car bed to those requirements, is determined using the
largest of the test dummies specified in S7 for use in testing that
restraint, provided that the 6-year-old dummy described in subpart I or
subpart N of part 572 of this title is not used to determine the
applicability of or compliance with S5.2.1.1. A front-facing child
restraint system is not required to comply with S5.2.1.1 if the target
point on either side of the dummy's head is below a horizontal plane
tangent to the top of--
(a) The standard seat assembly, in the case of an add-on child
restraint system, when the dummy is positioned in the system and the
system is installed on the assembly in accordance with S6.1.2.
(b) The vehicle seat, in the case of a built-in child restraint
system, when the system is activated and the dummy is positioned in the
system in accordance with S6.1.2.
S5.2.2 Torso impact protection. Each child restraint system other
than a car bed shall comply with the applicable requirements of S5.2.2.1
and S5.2.2.2.
S5.2.2.1(a) The system surface provided for the support of the
child's back shall be flat or concave and have a continuous surface area
of not less than 85 square inches.
(b) Each system surface provided for support of the side of the
child's torso shall be flat or concave and have a continuous surface of
not less than 24 square inches for systems recommended for children
weighing 20 pounds or more, or 48 square inches for systems recommended
for children weighing less than 20 pounds.
(c) Each horizontal cross section of each system surface designed to
restrain forward movement of the child's torso shall be flat or concave
and each vertical longitudinal cross section shall be flat or convex
with a radius of curvature of the underlying structure of not less than
2 inches.
S5.2.2.2 Each forward-facing child restraint system shall have no
fixed or movable surface--
(a) Directly forward of the dummy and intersected by a horizontal
line--
(1) Parallel to the SORL, in the case of the add-on child restraint
system, or

[[Page 699]]

(2) Parallel to a vertical plane through the longitudinal center
line of the vehicle seat, in the case of a built-in child restraint
system, and,
(b) Passing through any portion of the dummy, except for surfaces
which restrain the dummy when the system is tested in accordance with
S6.1.2(a)(2), so that the child restraint system shall conform to the
requirements of S5.1.2 and S5.1.3.1.
S5.2.3 Head impact protection.
S5.2.3.1 Each child restraint system other than a child harness,
manufactured before August 1, 2005, that is recommended under S5.5.2 for
a child whose mass is less than 10 kg and that is not tested with the
Part 572 Subpart R dummy, shall comply with S5.2.3.
S5.2.3.2 Each system surface, except for protrusions that comply
with S5.2.4, which is contactable by the dummy head when the system is
tested in accordance with S6.1 shall be covered with slow recovery,
energy absorbing material with the following characteristics:
(a) A 25 percent compression-deflection resistance of not less than
0.5 and not more than 10 pounds per square inch when tested in
accordance with S6.3.
(b) A thickness of not less than \1/2\ inch for materials having a
25 percent compression-deflection resistance of not less than 1.8 and
not more than 10 pounds per square inch when tested in accordance with
S6.3. Materials having a 25 percent compression-deflection resistance of
less than 1.8 pounds per square inch shall have a thickness of not less
than \3/4\ inch.
S5.2.4 Protrusion limitation. Any portion of a rigid structural
component within or underlying a contactable surface, or any portion of
a child restraint system surface that is subject to the requirements of
S5.2.3 shall, with any padding or other flexible overlay material
removed, have a height above any immediately adjacent restraint system
surface of not more than \3/8\ inch and no exposed edge with a radius of
less than \1/4\ inch.
S5.3 Installation.
S5.3.1 Add-on child restraints shall meet either (a) or (b), as
appropriate.
(a) Except for components designed to attach to a child restraint
anchorage system, each add-on child restraint system must not have any
means designed for attaching the system to a vehicle seat cushion or
vehicle seat back and any component (except belts) that is designed to
be inserted between the vehicle seat cushion and vehicle seat back.
(b) Harnesses manufactured for use on school bus seats must meet
S5.3.1(a) of this standard, unless a label that conforms in content to
Figure 12 and to the requirements of S5.3.1(b)(1) through S5.3.1(b)(3)
of this standard is permanently affixed to the part of the harness that
attaches the system to a vehicle seat back. Harnesses that are not
labeled as required by this paragraph must meet S5.3.1(a).
(1) The label must be plainly visible when installed and easily
readable.
(2) The message area must be white with black text. The message area
must be no less than 20 square centimeters.
(3) The pictogram shall be gray and black with a red circle and
slash on a white background. The pictogram shall be no less than 20 mm
in diameter.
S5.3.2 Each add-on child restraint system shall be capable of
meeting the requirements of this standard when installed solely by each
of the means indicated in the following table for the particular type of
child restraint system:

Table for S5.3.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Means of installation
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Type 1 seat Child
belt restraint
Type of add-on child restraint system Type 1 seat assembly anchorage Type II seat Seat
belt plus a system belt back
assembly tether (effective assembly mount
anchorage, September 1,
if needed 2002)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Harnesses labeled per S5.3.1(b)(1) through ............ ............ ............ ............ X
S5.3.1(b)(3) and Figure 12...................
Other harnesses............................... ............ X

[[Page 700]]

Car beds...................................... X
Rear-facing restraints........................ X ............ X
Belt-positioning seats........................ ............ ............ ............ X ........
All other child restraints.................... X X X
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S5.3.3 Car beds. Each car bed shall be designed to be installed on a
vehicle seat so that the car bed's longitudinal axis is perpendicular to
a vertical longitudinal plane through the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle.
S5.4 Belts, belt buckles, and belt webbing.
S5.4.1 Performance requirements.
S5.4.1.1 Child restraint systems manufactured before September 1,
2007. The webbing of belts provided with a child restraint system and
used to attach the system to the vehicle or to restrain the child within
the system shall--
(a) After being subjected to abrasion as specified in S5.1(d) or
S5.3(c) of FMVSS 209 (Sec. 571.209), have a breaking strength of not
less than 75 percent of the strength of the unabraded webbing when
tested in accordance with S5.1(b) of FMVSS 209. A mass of 2.35 .05 kg shall be used in the test procedure in S5.1(d)
of FMVSS 209 for webbing, including webbing used to secure a child
restraint system to the tether and lower anchorages of a child restraint
anchorage system, except that a mass of 1.5 .05 kg
shall be used for webbing in pelvic and upper torso restraints of a belt
assembly used in a child restraint system. The mass is shown as (B) in
Figure 2 of FMVSS 209.
(b) Meet the requirements of S4.2 (e) and (f) of FMVSS No. 209
(Sec. 571.209); and
(c) If contactable by the test dummy torso when the system is tested
in accordance with S6.1, have a width of not less than 1\1/2\ inches
when measured in accordance with S5.4.1.3.
S5.4.1.2 Child restraint systems manufactured on or after September
1, 2007. The webbing of belts provided with a child restraint system and
used to attach the system to the vehicle or to restrain the child within
the system shall--
(a) Have a minimum breaking strength for new webbing of not less
than 15,000 N in the case of webbing used to secure a child restraint
system to the vehicle, including the tether and lower anchorages of a
child restraint anchorage system, and not less than 11,000 N in the case
of the webbing used to secure a child to a child restraint system when
tested in accordance with S5.1 of FMVSS No. 209. Each value shall be not
less than the 15,000 N and 11,000 N applicable breaking strength
requirements, but the median value shall be used for determining the
retention of breaking strength in paragraphs (b)(1), (c)(1), and (c)(2)
of this section S5.4.1.2. ``New webbing'' means webbing that has not
been exposed to abrasion, light or micro-organisms as specified
elsewhere in this section.
(b)(1) After being subjected to abrasion as specified in S5.1(d) or
S5.3(c) of FMVSS 209 (Sec. 571.209), have a breaking strength of not
less than 75 percent of the new webbing strength, when tested in
accordance with S5.1(b) of FMVSS 209.
(2) A mass of 2.35 .05 kg shall be used in
the test procedure in S5.1(d) of FMVSS 209 for webbing, including
webbing to secure a child restraint system to the tether and lower
anchorages of a child restraint anchorage system, except that a mass of
1.5 .05 kg shall be used for webbing in pelvic
and upper torso restraints of a belt assembly used in a child restraint
system. The mass is shown as (B) in Figure 2 of FMVSS 209.
(c)(1) After exposure to the light of a carbon arc and tested by the
procedure specified in S5.1(e) of FMVSS 209 (Sec. 571.209), have a
breaking strength of

[[Page 701]]

not less than 60 percent of the new webbing, and shall have a color
retention not less than No. 2 on the Geometric Gray Scale published by
the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Post Office
Box 886, Durham, NC.
(2) After being subjected to micro-organisms and tested by the
procedures specified in S5.1(f) of FMVSS 209 (Sec. 571.209), shall have
a breaking strength not less than 85 percent of the new webbing.
(d) If contactable by the test dummy torso when the system is tested
in accordance with S6.1, have a width of not less than 1\1/2\ inches
when measured in accordance with S5.4.1.3.
S5.4.1.3 Width test procedure. Condition the webbing for 24 hours in
an atmosphere of any relative humidity between 48 and 67 percent, and
any ambient temperature between 70[deg] and 77 [deg]F. Measure belt
webbing width under a tension of 5 pounds applied lengthwise.
S5.4.2 Belt buckles and belt adjustment hardware. Each belt buckle
and item of belt adjustment hardware used in a child restraint system
shall conform to the requirements of S4.3(a) and S4.3(b) of FMVSS No.
209 (Sec. 571.209).
S5.4.3 Belt Restraint.
S5.4.3.1 General. Each belt that is part of a child restraint system
and that is designed to restrain a child using the system shall be
adjustable to snugly fit any child whose height and weight are within
the ranges recommended in accordance with S5.5.2(f) and who is
positioned in the system in accordance with the instructions required by
S5.6.
S5.4.3.2 Direct restraint. Except for a child restraint system whose
mass is less than 4.4 kg, each belt that is part of a child restraint
system and that is designed to restrain a child using the system and to
attach the system to the vehicle, and each Type I and lap portion of a
Type II vehicle belt that is used to attach the system to the vehicle
shall, when tested in accordance with S6.1, impose no loads on the child
that result from the mass of the system, or
(a) In the case of an add-on child restraint system, from the mass
of the seat back of the standard seat assembly specified in S6.1, or
(b) In the case of a built-in child restraint system, from the mass
of any part of the vehicle into which the child restraint system is
built.
S5.4.3.3 Seating systems. Except for child restraint systems subject
to S5.4.3.4, each child restraint system that is designed for use by a
child in a seated position and that has belts designed to restrain the
child, shall, with the test dummy specified in S7 positioned in the
system in accordance with S10 provide:
(a) Upper torso restraint in the form of:
(i) Belts passing over each shoulder of the child, or
(ii) A fixed or movable surface that complies with S5.2.2.1(c), and
(b) Lower torso restraint in the form of:
(i) A lap belt assembly making an angle between 45[deg] and 90[deg]
with the child restraint seating surface at the lap belt attachment
points, or
(ii) A fixed or movable surface that complies with S5.2.2.1(c), and
(c) In the case of each seating system recommended for children
whose masses are more than 10 kg, crotch restraint in the form of:
(i) A crotch belt connectable to the lap belt or other device used
to restrain the lower torso, or
(ii) A fixed or movable surface that complies with S5.2.2.1(c).
S5.4.3.4 Harnesses. Each child harness shall:
(a) Provide upper torso restraint, including belts passing over each
shoulder of the child;
(b) Provide lower torso restraint by means of lap and crotch belt;
and
(c) Prevent a child of any height for which the restraint is
recommended for use pursuant to S5.5.2(f) from standing upright on the
vehicle seat when the child is placed in the device in accordance with
the instructions required by S5.6.
S5.4.3.5 Buckle release. Any buckle in a child restraint system belt
assembly designed to restrain a child using the system shall:
(a) When tested in accordance with S6.2.1 prior to the dynamic test
of S6.1, not release when a force of less than 40 newtons (N) is applied
and shall release

[[Page 702]]

when a force of not more than 62 N is applied;
(b) After the dynamic test of S6.1, when tested in accordance with
the appropriate sections of S6.2, release when a force of not more than
71 N is applied, provided, however, that the conformance of any child
restraint to this requirement is determined using the largest of the
test dummies specified in S7 for use in testing that restraint when the
restraint is facing forward, rearward, and/or laterally;
(c) Meet the requirements of S4.3(d)(2) of FMVSS No. 209 (Sec.
571.209), except that the minimum surface area for child restraint
buckles designed for push button application shall be 0.6 square inch;
(d) Meet the requirements of S4.3(g) of FMVSS No. 209 (Sec.
571.209) when tested in accordance with S5.2(g) of FMVSS No. 209; and
(e) Not release during the testing specified in S6.1.
S5.5 Labeling. Any labels or written instructions provided in
addition to those required by this section shall not obscure or confuse
the meaning of the required information or be otherwise misleading to
the consumer. Any labels or written instructions other than in the
English language shall be an accurate translation of English labels or
written instructions.
S5.5.1 Each add-on child restraint system shall be permanently
labeled with the information specified in S5.5.2 (a) through (m).
S5.5.2 The information specified in paragraphs (a) through (m) of
this section shall be stated in the English language and lettered in
letters and numbers that are not smaller than 10 point type. Unless
otherwise specified, the information shall be labeled on a white
background with black text. Unless written in all capitals, the
information shall be stated in sentence capitalization.
(a) The model name or number of the system.
(b) The manufacturer's name. A distributor's name may be used
instead if the distributor assumes responsibility for all duties and
liabilities imposed on the manufacturer with respect to the system by
the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, as amended.
(c) The statement: ``Manufactured in ----,'' inserting the month and
year of manufacture.
(d) The place of manufacture (city and State, or foreign country).
However, if the manufacturer uses the name of the distributor, then it
shall state the location (city and State, or foreign country) of the
principal offices of the distributor.
(e) The statement: ``This child restraint system conforms to all
applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards.''
(f) One of the following statements, as appropriate, inserting the
manufacturer's recommendations for the maximum mass of children who can
safely occupy the system, except that booster seats shall not be
recommended for children whose masses are less than 13.6 kg. For seats
that can only be used as belt-positioning seats, manufacturers must
include the maximum and minimum recommended height, but may delete the
reference to weight:
(1) Use only with children who weigh ---- pounds (---- kg) or less
and whose height is (insert values in English and metric units; use of
word ``mass'' in label is optional) or less; or
(2) Use only with children who weigh between ---- and ---- pounds
(insert appropriate English and metric values; use of word ``mass'' is
optional) and whose height is (insert appropriate values in English and
metric units) or less and who are capable of sitting upright alone; or
(3) Use only with children who weigh between ---- and ---- pounds
(insert appropriate English and metric values; use of word ``mass'' is
optional) and whose height is (insert appropriate values in English and
metric units) or less.
(4) Use only with children who weigh between ---- and ---- pounds
(insert appropriate English and metric values; use of word ``mass'' is
optional) and whose height is between ---- and ---- (insert appropriate
values in English and metric units).
(g) The statements specified in paragraphs (1) and (2):
(1) A heading as specified in S5.5.2(k)(3)(i), with the statement
``WARNING! DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY can occur,'' capitalized as written
and followed by bulleted statements in the following order:

[[Page 703]]

(i) As appropriate, the statements required by the following
sections will be bulleted and placed after the statement required by
5.5.2(g)(1) in the following order: 5.5.2(k)(1) or 5.5.2(k)(2),
5.5.2(f), 5.5.2(h), 5.5.2(j), and 5.5.2(i).
(ii) Secure this child restraint with the vehicle's child restraint
anchorage system if available or with a vehicle belt. [For car beds,
harnesses, and belt positioning boosters, the first part of the
statement regarding attachment by the child restraint anchorage system
is optional.]
(iii) Follow all instructions on this child restraint and in the
written instructions located (insert storage location on the restraint
for the manufacturer's installation instruction booklet or sheet).
(iv) Register your child restraint with the manufacturer.
(2) At the manufacturer's option, the phrase ``DEATH or SERIOUS
INJURY can occur'' in the heading can be on either a white or yellow
background.
(3) More than one label may be used for the required bulleted
statements. Multiple labels shall be placed one above the other unless
that arrangement is precluded by insufficient space or shape of the
child restraint. In that case, multiple labels shall be placed side by
side. When using multiple labels, the mandated warnings must be in the
correct order when read from top to bottom. If the labels are side-by-
side, then the mandated warnings must appear top to bottom of the
leftmost label, then top to bottom of the next label to its right, and
so on. There shall be no intervening labels and the required heading
shall only appear on the first label in the sequence.
(h) In the case of each child restraint system that has belts
designed to restrain children using them and which do not adjust
automatically to fit the child: Snugly adjust the belts provided with
this child restraint around your child.
(i)(1) For a booster seat that is recommended for use with either a
vehicle's Type I or Type II seat belt assembly, one of the following
statements, as appropriate:
(i) Use only the vehicle's lap and shoulder belt system when
restraining the child in this booster seat; or,
(ii) Use only the vehicle's lap belt system, or the lap belt part of
a lap/shoulder belt system with the shoulder belt placed behind the
child, when restraining the child in this seat.
(2)(i) Except as provided in paragraph (i)(2)(ii) of this section,
for a booster seat which is recommended for use with both a vehicle's
Type I and Type II seat belt assemblies, the following statement: Use
only the vehicle's lap belt system, or the lap belt part of a lap/
shoulder belt system with the shoulder belt placed behind the child,
when restraining the child with the (insert description of the system
element provided to restrain forward movement of the child's torso when
used with a lap belt (e.g., shield)), and only the vehicle's lap and
shoulder belt system when using the booster without the (insert above
description).
(ii) A booster seat which is recommended for use with both a
vehicle's Type I and Type II seat belt assemblies is not subject to
S5.5.2(i)(2)(i) if, when the booster is used with the shield or similar
component, the booster will cause the shoulder belt to be located in a
position other than in front of the child when the booster is installed.
However, such a booster shall be labeled with a warning to use the
booster with the vehicle's lap and shoulder belt system when using the
booster without a shield.
(j) In the case of each child restraint system equipped with a top
anchorage strap, the statement: Secure the top anchorage strap provided
with this child restraint.
(k) (1) In the case of each rear-facing child restraint system that
is designed for infants only, the statement: Use only in a rear-facing
position when using it in the vehicle.
(2) In the case of a child restraint system that is designed to be
used rearward-facing for infants and forward-facing for older children,
the statement: Use only in a rear-facing position when using it with an
infant weighing less than (insert a recommended weight that is not less
than 20 pounds).
(3) Except as provided in (k)(4) of this section, each child
restraint system that can be used in a rear-facing position shall have a
label that conforms in

[[Page 704]]

content to Figure 10 and to the requirements of S5.5.2(k)(3)(i) through
S5.5.2(k)(3)(iii) of this standard permanently affixed to the outer
surface of the cushion or padding in or adjacent to the area where a
child's head would rest, so that the label is plainly visible and easily
readable.
(i) The heading area shall be yellow with the word ``warning'' and
the alert symbol in black.
(ii) The message area shall be white with black text. The message
area shall be no less than 30 square cm.
(iii) The pictogram shall be black with a red circle and slash on a
white background. The pictogram shall be no less than 30 mm in diameter.
(4) If a child restraint system is equipped with a device that
deactivates the passenger-side air bag in a vehicle when and only when
the child restraint is installed in the vehicle and provides a signal,
for at least 60 seconds after deactivation, that the air bag is
deactivated, the label specified in Figure 10 may include the phrase
``unless air bag is off'' after ``on front seat with air bag.''
(l) An installation diagram showing the child restraint system
installed in:
(1) A seating position equipped with a continuous-loop lap/shoulder
belt;
(2) A seating position equipped with only a lap belt, as specified
in the manufacturer's instructions; and
(3) A seating position equipped with a child restraint anchorage
system.
(m) One of the following statements, inserting an address and a U.S.
telephone number. If a manufacturer opts to provide a Web site on the
registration card as permitted in Figure 9a of this section, the
manufacturer must include the statement in part (ii):
(i) ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You
must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,
address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words are optional)
and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to (insert
address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number). For recall
information, call the U.S. Government's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-
327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), or go to http://www.NHTSA.gov.''
(ii) ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You
must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,
address, e-mail address if available [preceding four words are
optional], and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number) or register
online at (insert Web site for electronic registration form). For recall
information, call the U.S. Government's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-
327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), or go to http://www.NHTSA.gov.''
(n) Child restraint systems, other than belt-positioning seats,
harnesses and backless child restraint systems, may be certified as
complying with the provisions of S8. Child restraints that are so
certified shall be labeled with the statement ``This Restraint is
Certified for Use in Motor Vehicles and Aircraft.'' Belt-positioning
seats, harnesses and backless child restraint systems shall be labeled
with the statement ``This Restraint is Not Certified for Use in
Aircraft.'' The statement required by this paragraph shall be in red
lettering and shall be placed after the certification statement required
by S5.5.2(e).
S5.5.3 The information specified in S5.5.2(f) through (l) shall be
located on the add-on child restraint system so that it is visible when
the system is installed as specified in S5.6.1, except that for child
restraints with a detachable base, the installation diagrams specified
in S5.5.2(l) are required to be visible only when the base alone is
installed.
S5.5.4 (a) Each built-in child restraint system other than a
factory-installed built-in restraint shall be permanently labeled with
the information specified in S5.5.5 (a) through (l). The information
specified in S5.5.5(a) through (j) and in S5.5.5(l) shall be visible
when the system is activated for use.
(b) Each factory-installed built-in child restraint shall be
permanently labeled with the information specified in S5.5.5(f) through
(j) and S5.5.5(l), so that the information is visible when the restraint
is activated for use. The information shall also be included in the
vehicle owner's manual.

[[Page 705]]

S5.5.5 The information specified in paragraphs (a) through (l) of
this section that is required by S5.5.4 shall be in English and lettered
in letters and numbers using a not smaller than 10 point type. Unless
specified otherwise, the information shall be labeled on a white
background with black text. Unless written in all capitals, the
information shall be stated in sentence capitalization.
(a) The model name or number of the system.
(b) The manufacturer's name. A distributor's or dealer's name may be
used instead if the distributor or dealer assumes responsibility for all
duties and liabilities imposed on the manufacturer with respect to the
system by the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, as amended.
(c) The statement: ``Manufactured in ------,'' inserting the month
and year of manufacture.
(d) The place of manufacture (city and State, or foreign country).
However, if the manufacturer uses the name of the distributor or dealer,
then it shall state the location (city and State, or foreign country) of
the principal offices of the distributor or dealer.
(e) The statement: ``This child restraint system conforms to all
applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards.''
(f) One of the following statements, inserting the manufacturer's
recommendations for the maximum mass of children who can safely occupy
the system, except that booster seats shall not be recommended for
children whose masses are less than 13.6 kg. For seats that can only be
used as belt-positioning seats, manufacturers must include the maximum
and minimum recommended height, but may delete the reference to weight:
(1) Use only with children who weigh ---- pounds (---- kg) or less
and whose height is (insert values in English and metric units; use of
word ``mass'' in label is optional) or less; or
(2) Use only with children who weigh between ---- and ---- pounds
(---- and ---- kg) and whose height is (insert appropriate values in
English and metric units; use of word ``mass'' in label is optional) or
less and who are capable of sitting upright alone; or
(3) Use only with children who weigh between ---- and ---- pounds (
---- and ---- kg) and whose height is (insert appropriate values in
English and metric units; use of word ``mass'' in label is optional) or
less.
(4) Use only with children who weigh between ---- and ---- pounds
(insert appropriate English and metric values; use of word ``mass'' is
optional) and whose height is between ---- and ---- (insert appropriate
values in English and metric units).
(g) The heading and statement specified in paragraph (1), and if
appropriate, the statements in paragraph (2) and (3). If used, the
statements in paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be bulleted and precede the
bulleted statement required by paragraph (1) after the heading.
(1) A heading as specified in S5.5.2(k)(3)(i), with the statement
``WARNING! DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY can occur,'' capitalized as written
and followed by the bulleted statement: Follow all instructions on the
child restraint and in the vehicle's owner's manual. At the
manufacturer's option, the phrase ``DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY can occur''
in the heading can be on either a white or yellow background.
(2) In the case of each built-in child restraint system which is not
intended for use in motor vehicles in certain adjustment positions or
under certain circumstances, an appropriate statement of the
manufacturers restrictions regarding those positions or circumstances.
(3) As appropriate, the statements required by the following
sections will be bulleted and placed after the statement required by
5.5.5(g)(1) in the following order: 5.5.5(g)(2), 5.5.5(f), S5.5.5(h) and
S5.5.5(i).
(h) In the case of each built-in child restraint system that has
belts designed to restrain children using them and which do not adjust
automatically to fit the child: Snugly adjust the belts provided with
this child restraint around your child.
(i) In the case of each built-in child restraint which can be used
in a rear-

[[Page 706]]

facing position, the following statement: Place an infant in a rear-
facing position in this child restraint.
(j) A diagram or diagrams showing the fully activated child
restraint system in infant and/or child configurations.
(k) One of the following statements, inserting an address and a U.S.
telephone number. If a manufacturer opts to provide a Web site on the
registration card as permitted in Figure 9a of this section, the
manufacturer must include the statement in part (ii):
(i) ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You
must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,
address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words are
optional), and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number). For recall
information, call the U.S. Government's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-
327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), or go to http://www.NHTSA.gov.''
(ii) ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You
must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,
address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words are
optional), and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert telephone number) or register online at
(insert Web site for electronic registration form). For recall
information, call the U.S. Government's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-
327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), or go to http://www.NHTSA.gov.''
(l) In the case of a built-in belt-positioning seat that uses either
the vehicle's Type I or Type II belt systems or both, a statement
describing the manufacturer's recommendations for the maximum height and
weight of children who can safely occupy the system and how the booster
should be used (e.g., with or without shield) with the different vehicle
belt systems.
S5.6 Printed Instructions for Proper Use. Any labels or written
instructions provided in addition to those required by this section
shall not obscure or confuse the meaning of the required information or
be otherwise misleading to the consumer. Any labels or written
instructions other than in the English language shall be an accurate
translation of English labels or written instructions. Unless written in
all capitals, the information required by S5.6.1 through S5.6.3 shall be
stated in sentence capitalization.
S5.6.1 Add-on child restraint systems. Each add-on child restraint
system shall be accompanied by printed installation instructions in
English that provide a step-by-step procedure, including diagrams, for
installing the system in motor vehicles, securing the system in the
vehicles, positioning a child in the system, and adjusting the system to
fit the child. For each child restraint system that has components for
attaching to a tether anchorage or a child restraint anchorage system,
the installation instructions shall include a step-by-step procedure,
including diagrams, for properly attaching to that anchorage or system.
S5.6.1.1 In a vehicle with rear designated seating positions, the
instructions shall alert vehicle owners that, according to accident
statistics, children are safer when properly restrained in the rear
seating positions than in the front seating positions.
S5.6.1.2 The instructions shall specify in general terms the types
of vehicles, the types of seating positions, and the types of vehicle
safety belts with which the add-on child restraint system can or cannot
be used.
S5.6.1.3 The instructions shall explain the primary consequences of
not following the warnings required to be labeled on the child restraint
system in accordance with S5.5.2 (g) through (k).
S5.6.1.4 The instructions for each car bed shall explain that the
car bed should position in such a way that the child's head is near the
center of the vehicle.
S5.6.1.5 The instructions shall state that add-on child restraint
systems should be securely belted to the vehicle, even when they are not
occupied, since in a crash an unsecured child restraint system may
injure other occupants.
S5.6.1.6 Each add-on child restraint system shall have a location on
the restraint for storing the manufacturer's instructions.

[[Page 707]]

S5.6.1.7 One of the following statements, inserting an address and a
U.S. telephone number. If a manufacturer opts to provide a Web site on
the registration card as permitted in Figure 9a of this section, the
manufacturer must include the statement in part (ii):
(i) ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You
must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,
address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words are
optional), and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number). For recall
information, call the U.S. Government's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-
327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), or go to http://www.NHTSA.gov.''
(ii) ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You
must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,
address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words are
optional), and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert telephone number) or register online at
(insert Web site for electronic registration form). For recall
information, call the U.S. Government's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-
327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), or go to http://www.NHTSA.gov.''
S5.6.1.8 In the case of each child restraint system that can be used
in a position so that it is facing the rear of the vehicle, the
instructions shall provide a warning against using rear-facing
restraints at seating positions equipped with air bags, and shall
explain the reasons for, and consequences of not following the warning.
The instructions shall also include a statement that owners of vehicles
with front passenger side air bags should refer to their vehicle owner's
manual for child restraint installation instructions.
S5.6.1.9 In the case of each rear-facing child restraint system that
has a means for repositioning the seating surface of the system that
allows the system's occupant to move from a reclined position to an
upright position during testing, the instructions shall include a
warning against impeding the ability of the restraint to change
adjustment position.
S5.6.1.10(a) For instructions for a booster seat that is recommended
for use with either a vehicle's Type I or Type II seat belt assembly,
one of the following statements, as appropriate, and the reasons for the
statement:
(1) Warning! Use only the vehicle's lap and shoulder belt system
when restraining the child in this booster seat; or,
(2) Warning! Use only the vehicle's lap belt system, or the lap belt
part of a lap/shoulder belt system with the shoulder belt placed behind
the child, when restraining the child in this seat.
(b)(1) Except as provided in S5.6.1.10(b)(2), the instructions for a
booster seat that is recommended for use with both a vehicle's Type I
and Type II seat belt assemblies shall include the following statement
and the reasons therefor: Warning! Use only the vehicle's lap belt
system, or the lap belt part of a lap/shoulder belt system with the
shoulder belt placed behind the child, when restraining the child with
the (insert description of the system element provided to restrain
forward movement of the child's torso when used with a lap belt (e.g.,
shield)), and only the vehicle's lap and shoulder belt system when using
this booster without the (insert above description).
(2) A booster seat which is recommended for use with both a
vehicle's Type I and Type II seat belt assemblies is not subject to
S5.6.1.10(b)(1) if, when the booster is used with the shield or similar
component, the booster will cause the shoulder belt to be located in a
position other than in front of the child when the booster is installed.
However, the instructions for such a booster shall include a warning to
use the booster with the vehicle's lap and shoulder belt system when
using the booster without a shield.
(c) The instructions for belt-positioning seats shall include the
statement, ``This restraint is not certified for aircraft use,'' and the
reasons for this statement.
S5.6.1.11 For harnesses that are manufactured for use on school bus
seats, the instructions must include the following statements:

[[Page 708]]

``WARNING! This restraint must only be used on school bus seats.
Entire seat directly behind must be unoccupied or have restrained
occupants.'' The labeling requirement refers to a restrained occupant
as: an occupant restrained by any user appropriate vehicle restraint or
child restraint system (e.g. lap belt, lap and shoulder belt, booster,
child seat, harness . . .).
S5.6.2 Built-in child restraint systems. (a) Each built-in child
restraint system shall be accompanied by printed instructions in English
that provide a step-by-step procedure, including diagrams, for
activating the restraint system, positioning a child in the system,
adjusting the restraint and, if provided, the restraint harness to fit
the child. The instructions for each built-in car bed shall explain that
the child should be positioned in the bed in such a way that the child's
head is near the center of the vehicle.
(b) Each motor vehicle equipped with a factory-installed built-in
child restraint shall have the information specified in paragraph (a) of
this section included in its vehicle owner's manual.
S5.6.2.1 The instructions shall explain the primary consequences of
not following the manufacturer's warnings for proper use of the child
restraint system in accordance with S5.5.5 (f) through (i).
S5.6.2.2 The instructions for each built-in child restraint system
other than a factory-installed restraint, shall include one of the
following statements, inserting an address and a U.S. telephone number.
If a manufacturer opts to provide a Web site on the registration card as
permitted in Figure 9a of this section, the manufacturer must include
the statement in part (ii):
(i) ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You
must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,
address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words are
optional), and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number). For recall
information, call the U.S. Government's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-
327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), or go to http://www.NHTSA.gov.''
(ii) ``Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You
must register this restraint to be reached in a recall. Send your name,
address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words are
optional), and the restraint's model number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert U.S. telephone number) or register
online at (insert Web site for electronic registration form). For recall
information, call the U.S. Government's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-
327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-9153), or go to http://www.NHTSA.gov.''
S5.6.2.3. Each built-in child restraint system other than a factory-
installed built-in restraint, shall have a location on the restraint for
storing the instructions.
S5.6.2.4 Each built-in child restraint system, other than a system
that has been installed in a vehicle or a factory-installed built-in
system that is designed for a specific vehicle model and seating
position, shall be accompanied by instructions in English that provide a
step-by-step procedure for installing the system in a motor vehicle. The
instructions shall specify the types of vehicles and the seating
positions into which the restraint can or cannot be installed. The
instructions for each car bed shall explain that the bed should be
installed so that the child's head will be near the center of the
vehicle.
S5.6.2.5 In the case of a built-in belt-positioning seat that uses
either the vehicle's Type I or Type II belt systems or both, the
instructions shall include a statement describing the manufacturer's
recommendations for the maximum height and weight of children who can
safely occupy the system and how the booster must be used with the
vehicle belt systems appropriate for the booster seat. The instructions
shall explain the consequences of not following the directions. The
instructions shall specify that, if the booster seat is recommended for
use with only the lap-belt part of a Type II assembly, the shoulder belt
portion of the assembly must be placed behind the child.
S5.6.3 Add-on and built-in child restraint systems. In the case of
each child restraint system that has belts designed to restrain children
using them and which do not adjust automatically

[[Page 709]]

to fit the child, the printed instructions shall include the following
statement: A snug strap should not allow any slack. It lies in a
relatively straight line without sagging. It does not press on the
child's flesh or push the child's body into an unnatural position.
S5.7 Flammability. Each material used in a child restraint system
shall conform to the requirements of S4 of FMVSS No. 302 (571.302). In
the case of a built-in child restraint system, the requirements of S4 of
FMVSS No. 302 shall be met in both the ``in-use'' and ``stowed''
positions.
S5.8 Information requirements--attached registration form and
electronic registration form.
S5.8.1 Attached registration form.
(a) Each child restraint system, except a factory-installed built-in
restraint system, shall have a registration form attached to any surface
of the restraint that contacts the dummy when the dummy is positioned in
the system in accordance with S6.1.2 of Standard 213.
(b) Each attached form shall:
(1) Consist of a postcard that is attached at a perforation to an
informational card;
(2) Conform in size, content and format to Figures 9a and 9b of this
section; and
(3) Have a thickness of at least 0.007 inches and not more than
0.0095 inches.
(c) Each postcard shall provide the model name or number and date of
manufacture (month, year) of the child restraint system to which the
form is attached, shall contain space for the purchaser to record his or
her name, mailing address, and at the manufacturer's option, e-mail
address, shall be addressed to the manufacturer, and shall be postage
paid. No other information shall appear on the postcard, except
identifying information that distinguishes a particular child restraint
system from other systems of that model name or number may be preprinted
in the shaded area of the postcard, as shown in figure 9a.
(d) Manufacturers may voluntarily provide a web address on the
informational card enabling owners to register child restraints online,
provided that the Web address is a direct link to the electronic
registration form meeting the requirements of S5.8.2 of this section.
S5.8.2 Electronic registration form.
(a) Each electronic registration form must meet the requirements of
this S5.8.2. Each form shall:
(1) Contain the following statements at the top of the form:
(i) ``FOR YOUR CHILD'S CONTINUED SAFETY'' (Displayed in bold type
face, caps, and minimum 12 point type.)
(ii) ``Although child restraint systems undergo testing and
evaluation, it is possible that a child restraint could be recalled.''
(Displayed in bold typeface, caps and lower case, and minimum 12 point
type.)
(iii) ``In case of a recall, we can reach you only if we have your
name and address, so please fill in the registration form to be on our
recall list.'' (Displayed in bold typeface, caps and lower case, and
minimum 12 point type.)
(iv) ``In order to properly register your child restraint system,
you will need to provide the model number, serial number and date of
manufacture. This information is printed on the registration card and
can also be found on a white label located on the back of the child
restraint system.'' (Displayed in bold typeface, caps and lower case,
and minimum 12 point type.)
(v) ``This registration is only applicable to child restraint
systems purchased in the United States.'' (Displayed in bold typeface,
caps and lower case, and minimum 12 point type.)
(2) Provide as required registration fields, space for the purchaser
to record the model name or number and date of manufacture (month, year)
of the child restraint system, and space for the purchaser to record his
or her name and mailing address. At the manufacturer's option, a space
is provided for the purchaser to record his or her e-mail address.
(b) No other information shall appear on the electronic registration
form, except for information identifying the manufacturer or a link to
the manufacturer's home page, a field to confirm submission, and a
prompt to indicate any incomplete or invalid fields prior to submission.
Accessing the web page that contains the electronic registration form
shall not cause additional

[[Page 710]]

screens or electronic banners to appear.
(c) The electronic registration form shall be accessed directly by
the web address that the manufacturer printed on the attached
registration form. The form must appear on screen when the consumer has
inputted the web address provided by the manufacturer, without any
further keystrokes on the keyboard or clicks of the mouse.
S5.9 Attachment to child restraint anchorage system.
(a) Each add-on child restraint anchorage system manufactured on or
after September 1, 2002, other than a car bed, harness and belt-
positioning seat, shall have components permanently attached to the
system that enable the restraint to be securely fastened to the lower
anchorages of the child restraint anchorage system specified in Standard
No. 225 (Sec. 571.213) and depicted in Drawing Package SAS-100-1000
with Addendum A: Seat Base Weldment (consisting of drawings and a bill
of materials), dated October 23, 1998, or in Drawing Package, ``NHTSA
Standard Seat Assembly; FMVSS No. 213, No. NHTSA-213-2003,'' (consisting
of drawings and a bill of materials) dated June 3, 2003 (incorporated by
reference; see Sec. 571.5). The components must be attached by use of a
tool, such as a screwdriver. In the case of rear-facing child restraints
with detachable bases, only the base is required to have the components.
(b) In the case of each child restraint system that is manufactured
on or after September 1, 1999 and that has components for attaching the
system to a tether anchorage, those components shall include a tether
hook that conforms to the configuration and geometry specified in Figure
11 of this standard.
(c) In the case of each child restraint system that is manufactured
on or after September 1, 1999 and that has components, including belt
webbing, for attaching the system to a tether anchorage or to a child
restraint anchorage system, the belt webbing shall be adjustable so that
the child restraint can be tightly attached to the vehicle.
(d) Beginning September 1, 1999, each child restraint system with
components that enable the restraint to be securely fastened to the
lower anchorages of a child restraint anchorage system, other than a
system with hooks for attaching to the lower anchorages, shall provide
either an indication when each attachment to the lower anchorages
becomes fully latched or attached, or a visual indication that all
attachments to the lower anchorages are fully latched or attached.
Visual indications shall be detectable under normal daylight lighting
conditions.
S6. Test conditions and procedures.
S6.1 Dynamic systems test for child restraint systems.
The test conditions described in S6.1.1 apply to the dynamic systems
test. The test procedure for the dynamic systems test is specified in
S6.1.2. The test dummy specified in S7 is placed in the test specimen
(child restraint), clothed as described in S9 and positioned according
to S10.
S6.1.1 Test conditions.
(a) Test devices.
(1) Add-on child restraints.
(i) The test device for add-on restraint systems manufactured before
August 1, 2005 is a standard seat assembly consisting of a simulated
vehicle bench seat, with three seating positions, which is described in
Drawing Package SAS-100-1000 with Addendum A: Seat Base Weldment
(consisting of drawings and a bill of materials), dated October 23, 1998
(incorporated by reference in Sec. 571.5). The assembly is mounted on a
dynamic test platform so that the center SORL of the seat is parallel to
the direction of the test platform travel and so that movement between
the base of the assembly and the platform is prevented.
(ii) The test device for add-on restraint systems manufactured on or
after August 1, 2005 is a standard seat assembly consisting of a
simulated vehicle bench seat, with three seating positions, which is
depicted in Drawing Package, ``NHTSA Standard Seat Assembly; FMVSS No.
213, No. NHTSA-213-2003,'' (consisting of drawings and a bill of
materials) dated June 3, 2003 (incorporated by reference; see Sec.
571.5). The assembly is mounted on a dynamic test platform so that the
center SORL of the seat is parallel to the direction of the test
platform travel and so that

[[Page 711]]

movement between the base of the assembly and the platform is prevented.
(2) The test device for built-in child restraint systems is either
the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle.
(i) Specific vehicle shell.
(A) The specific vehicle shell, if selected for testing, is mounted
on a dynamic test platform so that the longitudinal center line of the
shell is parallel to the direction of the test platform travel and so
that movement between the base of the shell and the platform is
prevented. Adjustable seats are in the adjustment position midway
between the forwardmost and rearmost positions, and if separately
adjustable in a vertical direction, are at the lowest position. If an
adjustment position does not exist midway between the forwardmost and
rearmost position, the closest adjustment position to the rear of the
midpoint is used. Adjustable seat backs are in the manufacturer's
nominal design riding position. If such a position is not specified, the
seat back is positioned so that the longitudinal center line of the
child test dummy's neck is vertical, and if an instrumented test dummy
is used, the accelerometer surfaces in the dummy's head and thorax, as
positioned in the vehicle, are horizontal. If the vehicle seat is
equipped with adjustable head restraints, each is adjusted to its
highest adjustment position.
(B) The platform is instrumented with an accelerometer and data
processing system having a frequency response of 60 Hz channel class as
specified in Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J211
JUN80 ``Instrumentation for Impact Tests.'' The accelerometer sensitive
axis is parallel to the direction of test platform travel.
(ii) Specific vehicle. For built-in child restraint systems, an
alternate test device is the specific vehicle into which the built-in
system is fabricated. The following test conditions apply to this
alternate test device.
(A) The vehicle is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight plus its
rated cargo and luggage capacity weight, secured in the luggage area,
plus the appropriate child test dummy and, at the vehicle manufacturer's
option, an anthropomorphic test dummy which conforms to the requirements
of subpart B or subpart E of part 572 of this title for a 50th
percentile adult male dummy placed in the front outboard seating
position. If the built-in child restraint system is installed at one of
the seating positions otherwise requiring the placement of a part 572
test dummy, then in the frontal barrier crash specified in (c), the
appropriate child test dummy shall be substituted for the part 572 adult
dummy, but only at that seating position. The fuel tank is filled to any
level from 90 to 95 percent of capacity.
(B) Adjustable seats are in the adjustment position midway between
the forward-most and rearmost positions, and if separately adjustable in
a vehicle direction, are at the lowest position. If an adjustment
position does not exist midway between the forward-most and rearmost
positions, the closest adjustment position to the rear of the midpoint
is used.
(C) Adjustable seat backs are in the manufacturer's nominal design
riding position. If a nominal position is not specified, the seat back
is positioned so that the longitudinal center line of the child test
dummy's neck is vertical, and if an anthropomorphic test dummy is used,
the accelerometer surfaces in the test dummy's head and thorax, as
positioned in the vehicle, are horizontal. If the vehicle is equipped
with adjustable head restraints, each is adjusted to its highest
adjustment position.
(D) Movable vehicle windows and vents are, at the manufacturer's
option, placed in the fully closed position.
(E) Convertibles and open-body type vehicles have the top, if any,
in place in the closed passenger compartment configuration.
(F) Doors are fully closed and latched but not locked.
(G) All instrumentation and data reduction is in conformance with
SAE J211 JUN80.
(b) The tests are frontal barrier impact simulations of the test
platform or frontal barrier crashes of the specific vehicles as
specified in S5.1 of Sec. 571.208 and for:

[[Page 712]]

(1) Test Configuration I, are at a velocity change of 48 km/h with
the acceleration of the test platform entirely within the curve shown in
Figure 2 (for child restraints manufactured before August 1, 2005) or in
Figure 2A (for child restraints manufactured on or after August 1,
2005), or for the specific vehicle test with the deceleration produced
in a 48 km/h frontal barrier crash.
(2) Test Configuration II, are set at a velocity change of 32 km/h
with the acceleration of the test platform entirely within the curve
shown in Figure 3, or for the specific vehicle test, with the
deceleration produced in a 32 km/h frontal barrier crash.
(c) As illustrated in Figures 1A and 1B of this standard, attached
to the seat belt anchorage points provided on the standard seat assembly
are Type 1 seat belt assemblies in the case of add-on child restraint
systems other than belt-positioning seats, or Type 2 seat belt
assemblies in the case of belt-positioning seats. These seat belt
assemblies meet the requirements of Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209) and
have webbing with a width of not more than 2 inches, and are attached to
the anchorage points without the use of retractors or reels of any kind.
As illustrated in Figures 1A'' and 1B'' of this standard, attached to
the standard seat assembly is a child restraint anchorage system
conforming to the specifications of Standard No. 225 (Sec. 571.225), in
the case of add-on child restraint systems other than belt-positioning
booster seats.
(d)(1) When using the test dummies specified in 49 CFR Part 572,
subparts C, I, J, or K, performance tests under S6.1 are conducted at
any ambient temperature from 19[deg] C to 26[deg] C and at any relative
humidity from 10 percent to 70 percent.
(2) When using the test dummies specified in 49 CFR Part 572,
subparts N, P or R, performance tests under S6.1 are conducted at any
ambient temperature from 20.6[deg] C to 22.2[deg] C and at any relative
humidity from 10 percent to 70 percent.
(e) In the case of add-on child restraint systems, the restraint
shall meet the requirements of S5 at each of its seat back angle
adjustment positions and restraint belt routing positions, when the
restraint is oriented in the direction recommended by the manufacturer
(e.g., forward, rearward or laterally) pursuant to S5.6, and tested with
the test dummy specified in S7.
S6.1.2 Dynamic test procedure.
(a) Activate the built-in child restraint or attach the add-on child
restraint to the seat assembly as described below:
(1) Test configuration I.
(i) Child restraints other than belt-positioning seats. Attach the
child restraint in any of the following manners specified in
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A) through (D), unless otherwise specified in this
standard.
(A) Install the child restraint system at the center seating
position of the standard seat assembly, in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions provided with the system pursuant to S5.6.1,
except that the standard lap belt is used and, if provided, a tether
strap may be used. For harnesses that bear the label shown in Figure 12
and that meet S5.3.1(b)(1) through S5.3.1(b)(3), attach the harness in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided with the system
pursuant to S5.6.1, i.e., the seat back mount is used.
(B) Except for a child harness, a backless child restraint system
with a tether strap, and a restraint designed for use by physically
handicapped children, install the child restraint system at the center
seating position of the standard seat assembly as in S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A),
except that no tether strap (or any other supplemental device) is used.
(C) Install the child restraint system using the child restraint
anchorage system at the center seating position of the standard seat
assembly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided
with the system pursuant to S5.6.1. The tether strap, if one is
provided, is attached to the tether anchorage.
(D) Install the child restraint system using only the lower
anchorages of the child restraint anchorage system as in
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(C). No tether strap (or any other supplemental device)
is used.
(ii) Belt-positioning seats. A belt-positioning seat is attached to
either outboard seating position of the standard seat assembly in
accordance with the

[[Page 713]]

manufacturer's instructions provided with the system pursuant to S5.6.1
using only the standard vehicle lap and shoulder belt and no tether (or
any other supplemental device).
(iii) In the case of each built-in child restraint system, activate
the restraint in the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle, in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided in accordance
with S5.6.2.
(2) Test configuration II. (i) In the case of each add-on child
restraint system which is equipped with a fixed or movable surface
described in S5.2.2.2, or a backless child restraint system with a top
anchorage strap, install the add-on child restraint system at the center
seating position of the standard seat assembly using only the standard
seat lap belt to secure the system to the standard seat.
(ii) In the case of each built-in child restraint system which is
equipped with a fixed or movable surface described in S5.2.2.2, or a
built-in booster seat with a top anchorage strap, activate the system in
the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions provided in accordance with S5.6.2.
(b) Select any dummy specified in S7 for testing systems for use by
children of the heights and weights for which the system is recommended
in accordance with S5.5. The dummy is assembled, clothed and prepared as
specified in S7 and S9 and Part 572 of this chapter, as appropriate.
(c) Place the dummy in the child restraint. Position it, and attach
the child restraint belts, if appropriate, as specified in S10.
(d) Belt adjustment.
(1) Add-on systems other than belt-positioning seats.
(i) If appropriate, shoulder and pelvic belts that directly restrain
the dummy shall be adjusted as follows: Tighten the belts until a 9 N
force applied (as illustrated in figure 5) to the webbing at the top of
each dummy shoulder and to the pelvic webbing 50 mm on either side of
the torso midsagittal plane pulls the webbing 7 mm from the dummy.
(ii) All Type I belt systems used to attach an add-on child
restraint system to the standard seat assembly, and any provided
additional anchorage belt (tether), are tightened to a tension of not
less than 53.5 N and not more than 67 N, as measured by a load cell used
on the webbing portion of the belt. All belt systems used to attach a
harness that bears the label shown in Figure 12 and that meets
S5.3.1(b)(i) through S5.3.1(b)(iii) are also tightened to a tension of
not less than 53.5 N and not more than 67 N, by measurement means
specified in this paragraph.
(iii) When attaching a child restraint system to the tether
anchorage and the child restraint anchorage system on the standard seat
assembly, tighten all belt systems used to attach the restraint to the
standard seat assembly to a tension of not less than 53.5 N and not more
than 67 N, as measured by a load cell or other suitable means used on
the webbing portion of the belt.
(2) Add-on belt-positioning seats.
(i) The lap portion of Type II belt systems used to attach the child
restraint to the standard seat assembly is tightened to a tension of not
less than 53.5 N and not more than 67 N, as measured by a load cell used
on the webbing portion of the belt.
(ii) The shoulder portion of Type II belt systems used to restrain
the dummy is tightened to a tension of not less than 9 N and not more
than 18 N, as measured by a load cell used on the webbing portion of the
belt.
(3) Built-in child restraint systems.
(i) The lap portion of Type II belt systems used to secure a dummy
to the built-in child restraint system is tightened to a tension of not
less than 53.5 N and not more than 67 N, as measured by a load cell used
on the webbing portion of the belt.
(ii) The shoulder portion of Type II belt systems used to secure a
child is tightened to a tension of not less than 9 N and not more than
18 N, as measured by a load cell used on the webbing portion of the
belt.
(iii) If provided, and if appropriate to attach the child restraint
belts under S10, shoulder (other than the shoulder portion of a Type II
vehicle belt system) and pelvic belts that directly restrain the dummy
shall be adjusted as follows: Tighten the belts until a 9 N force
applied (as illustrated in figure 5)

[[Page 714]]

to the webbing at the top of each dummy shoulder and to the pelvic
webbing 50 mm on either side of the torso midsagittal plane pulls the
webbing 7 mm from the dummy.
(e) Accelerate the test platform to simulate frontal impact in
accordance with Test Configuration I or II, as appropriate.
(f) Determine conformance with the requirements in S5.1.
S6.2 Buckle release test procedure.
The belt assembly buckles used in any child restraint system shall
be tested in accordance with S6.2.1 through S6.2.4 inclusive.
S6.2.1 Before conducting the testing specified in S6.1, place the
loaded buckle on a hard, flat, horizontal surface. Each belt end of the
buckle shall be pre-loaded in the following manner. The anchor end of
the buckle shall be loaded with a 9 N force in the direction away from
the buckle. In the case of buckles designed to secure a single latch
plate, the belt latch plate end of the buckle shall be pre-loaded with a
9 N force in the direction away from the buckle. In the case of buckles
designed to secure two or more latch plates, the belt latch plate ends
of the buckle shall be loaded equally so that the total load is 9 N, in
the direction away from the buckle. For pushbutton-release buckles, the
release force shall be applied by a conical surface (cone angle not
exceeding 90 degrees). For pushbutton-release mechanisms with a fixed
edge (referred to in Figure 7 as ``hinged button''), the release force
shall be applied at the centerline of the button, 3 mm away from the
movable edge directly opposite the fixed edge, and in the direction that
produces maximum releasing effect. For pushbutton-release mechanisms
with no fixed edge (referred to in Figure 7 as ``floating button''), the
release force shall be applied at the center of the release mechanism in
the direction that produces the maximum releasing effect. For all other
buckle release mechanisms, the force shall be applied on the centerline
of the buckle lever or finger tab in the direction that produces the
maximum releasing effect. Measure the force required to release the
buckle. Figure 7 illustrates the loading for the different buckles and
the point where the release force should be applied, and Figure 8
illustrates the conical surface used to apply the release force to
pushbutton-release buckles.
S6.2.2 After completion of the testing specified in S6.1 and before
the buckle is unlatched, tie a self-adjusting sling to each wrist and
ankle of the test dummy in the manner illustrated in Figure 4, without
disturbing the belted dummy and the child restraint system.
S6.2.3 Pull the sling tied to the dummy restrained in the child
restraint system and apply the following force: 50 N for a system tested
with a newborn dummy; 90 N for a system tested with a 9-month-old dummy;
90 N for a system tested with a 12-month-old dummy; 200 N for a system
tested with a 3-year-old dummy; or 270 N for a system tested with a 6-
year-old dummy; or 350 N for a system tested with a weighted 6-year-old
dummy. The force is applied in the manner illustrated in Figure 4 and as
follows:
(a) Add-on Child Restraints. For an add-on child restraint other
than a car bed, apply the specified force by pulling the sling
horizontally and parallel to the SORL of the standard seat assembly. For
a car bed, apply the force by pulling the sling vertically.
(b) Built-in Child Restraints. For a built-in child restraint other
than a car bed, apply the force by pulling the sling parallel to the
longitudinal center line of the specific vehicle shell or the specific
vehicle. In the case of a car bed, apply the force by pulling the sling
vertically.
S6.2.4 While applying the force specified in S6.2.3, and using the
device shown in Figure 8 for pushbutton-release buckles, apply the
release force in the manner and location specified in S6.2.1, for that
type of buckle. Measure the force required to release the buckle.
S6.3 Head impact protection--energy absorbing material test
procedure.
S6.3.1 Prepare and test specimens of the energy absorbing material
used to comply with S5.2.3 in accordance with the applicable 25 percent
compression-deflection test described in the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard D1056-73, ``Standard

[[Page 715]]

Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials--Sponge or Expanded
Rubber,'' or D1564-71 ``Standard Method of Testing Flexible Cellular
Materials--Slab Urethane Foam'' or D1565-76 ``Standard Specification for
Flexible Cellular Materials--Vinyl Chloride Polymer and Copolymer open-
cell foams.''
S7 Test dummies. (Subparts referenced in this section are of part
572 of this chapter.) S7.1 Dummy selection. Select any dummy specified
in S7.1.1, S7.1.2 or S7.1.3, as appropriate, for testing systems for use
by children of the height and mass for which the system is recommended
in accordance with S5.5. A child restraint that meets the criteria in
two or more of the following paragraphs in S7 may be tested with any of
the test dummies specified in those paragraphs.
S7.1.1 Child restraints that are manufactured before August 1, 2005,
are subject to the following provisions:
(a) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass
range that includes any children having a mass of not greater than 5 kg,
or by children in a specified height range that includes any children
whose height is not greater than 650 mm, is tested with a newborn test
dummy conforming to part 572 subpart K.
(b) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass
range that includes any children having a mass greater than 5 but not
greater than 10 kg, or by children in a specified height range that
includes any children whose height is greater than 650 mm but not
greater than 850 mm, is tested with a newborn test dummy conforming to
part 572 subpart K, and a 9-month-old test dummy conforming to part 572
subpart J.
(c) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass
range that includes any children having a mass greater than 10 kg but
not greater than 18 kg, or by children in a specified height range that
includes any children whose height is greater than 850 mm but not
greater than 1100 mm, is tested with a 9-month-old test dummy conforming
to part 572 subpart J, and a 3-year-old test dummy conforming to part
572 subpart C and S7.2, provided, however, that the 9-month-old dummy is
not used to test a booster seat.
(d) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass
range that includes any children having a mass greater than 18 kg, or by
children in a specified height range that includes any children whose
height is greater than 1100 mm, is tested with a 6-year-old child dummy
conforming to part 572 subpart I.
S7.1.2 Child restraints that are manufactured on or after August 1,
2005, are subject to the following provisions and S7.1.3.
(a) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass
range that includes any children having a mass of not greater than 5 kg,
or by children in a specified height range that includes any children
whose height is not greater than 650 mm, is tested with a newborn test
dummy conforming to part 572 subpart K.
(b) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass
range that includes any children having a mass greater than 5 but not
greater than 10 kg, or by children in a specified height range that
includes any children whose height is greater than 650 mm but not
greater than 850 mm, is tested with a newborn test dummy conforming to
part 572 subpart K, and a 12-month-old test dummy conforming to part 572
subpart R.
(c) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass
range that includes any children having a mass greater than 10 kg but
not greater than 18 kg, or by children in a specified height range that
includes any children whose height is greater than 850 mm but not
greater than 1100 mm, is tested with a 12-month-old test dummy
conforming to part 572 subpart R, and a 3-year-old test dummy conforming
to

[[Page 716]]

part 572 subpart P and S7.2, provided, however, that the 12-month-old
dummy is not used to test a booster seat.
(d) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by children in a specified mass
range that includes any children having a mass greater than 18 kg, or by
children in a specified height range that includes any children whose
height is greater than 1100 mm, is tested with a 6-year-old child dummy
conforming to part 572 subpart N.
(e) A child restraint that is manufactured on or after August 1,
2005, that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5
for use either by children in a specified mass range that includes any
children having a mass greater than 22.7 kg or by children in a
specified height range that includes any children whose erect standing
height is greater than 1100 mm is tested with a part 572 subpart S
dummy.
S7.1.3 Voluntary use of alternative dummies. At the manufacturer's
option (with said option irrevocably selected prior to, or at the time
of, certification of the restraint), child restraint systems
manufactured before August 1, 2005 may be tested to the requirements of
S5 while using the test dummies specified in S7.1.2 according to the
criteria for selecting test dummies specified in that paragraph. At the
manufacturer's option (with said option irrevocably selected prior to,
or at the time of, certification of the restraint), child restraints
manufactured on or after August 1, 2005, and before August 1, 2008, that
are recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use
either by children in a specified mass range that includes any children
having a mass greater than 18 kg, or by children in a specified height
range that includes any children whose height is greater than 1100 mm
may be tested to the requirements of S5 while using the test dummy
specified in S7.1.1(d). Child restraints manufactured on or after August
1, 2008, must be tested using the test dummies specified in S7.1.2.
S8 Requirements, test conditions, and procedures for child restraint
systems manufactured for use in aircraft. Each child restraint system
manufactured for use in both motor vehicles and aircraft must comply
with all of the applicable requirements specified in Section S5 and with
the additional requirements specified in S8.1 and S8.2.
S8.1 Installation instructions. Each child restraint system
manufactured for use in aircraft shall be accompanied by printed
instructions in English that provide a step-by-step procedure, including
diagrams, for installing the system in aircraft passenger seats,
securing a child in the system when it is installed in aircraft, and
adjusting the system to fit the child.
S8.2 Inversion test. When tested in accordance with S8.2.1 through
S8.2.5, each child restraint system manufactured for use in aircraft
shall meet the requirements of S8.2.1 through S8.2.6. The manufacturer
may, at its option, use any seat which is a representative aircraft
passenger seat within the meaning of S4. Each system shall meet the
requirements at each of the restraint's seat back angle adjustment
positions and restraint belt routing positions, when the restraint is
oriented in the direction recommended by the manufacturer (e.g., facing
forward, rearward or laterally) pursuant to S8.1, and tested with the
test dummy specified in S7. If the manufacturer recommendations do not
include instructions for orienting the restraint in aircraft when the
restraint seat back angle is adjusted to any position, position the
restraint on the aircraft seat by following the instructions (provided
in accordance with S5.6) for orienting the restraint in motor vehicles.
S8.2.1 A standard seat assembly consisting of a representative
aircraft passenger seat shall be positioned and adjusted so that its
horizontal and vertical orientation and its seat back angle are the same
as shown in Figure 6.
S8.2.2 The child restraint system shall be attached to the
representative aircraft passenger seat using, at the manufacturer's
option, any Federal Aviation Administration approved aircraft safety
belt, according to the restraint manufacturer's instructions for
attaching the restraint to an aircraft seat. No supplementary anchorage
belts or tether straps may be attached;

[[Page 717]]

however, Federal Aviation Administration approved safety belt extensions
may be used.
S8.2.3 In accordance with S10, place in the child restraint any
dummy specified in S7 for testing systems for use by children of the
heights and weights for which the system is recommended in accordance
with S5.5 and S8.1.
S8.2.4 If provided, shoulder and pelvic belts that directly restrain
the dummy shall be adjusted in accordance with S6.1.2.
S8.2.5 The combination of representative aircraft passenger seat,
child restraint, and test dummy shall be rotated forward around a
horizontal axis which is contained in the median transverse vertical
plane of the seating surface portion of the aircraft seat and is located
25 mm below the bottom of the seat frame, at a speed of 35 to 45 degrees
per second, to an angle of 180 degrees. The rotation shall be stopped
when it reaches that angle and the seat shall be held in this position
for three seconds. The child restraint shall not fall out of the
aircraft safety belt nor shall the test dummy fall out of the child
restraint at any time during the rotation or the three second period.
The specified rate of rotation shall be attained in not less than one
half second and not more than one second, and the rotating combination
shall be brought to a stop in not less than one half second and not more
than one second.
S8.2.6 Repeat the procedures set forth in S8.2.1 through S8.2.4. The
combination of the representative aircraft passenger seat, child
restraint, and test dummy shall be rotated sideways around a horizontal
axis which is contained in the median longitudinal vertical plane of the
seating surface portion of the aircraft seat and is located 25 mm below
the bottom of the seat frame, at a speed of 35 to 45 degrees per second,
to an angle of 180 degrees. The rotation shall be stopped when it
reaches that angle and the seat shall be held in this position for three
seconds. The child restraint shall not fall out of the aircraft safety
belt nor shall the test dummy fall out of the child restraint at any
time during the rotation or the three second period. The specified rate
of rotation shall be attained in not less than one half second and not
more than one second, and the rotating combination shall be brought to a
stop in not less than one half second and not more than one second.
S9 Dummy clothing and preparation.
S9.1 Type of clothing.
(a) Newborn dummy. When used in testing under this standard, the
dummy is unclothed.
(b) Nine-month-old dummy. When used in testing under this standard,
the dummy is clothed in terry cloth polyester and cotton size 1 long
sleeve shirt and size 1 long pants, with a total mass of 0.136 kg.
(c) 12-month-old dummy (49 CFR Part 572, Subpart R). When used in
testing under this standard, the dummy specified in 49 CFR part 572,
subparts R, is clothed in a cotton-polyester based tight fitting sweat
shirt with long sleeves and ankle long pants whose combined weight is
not more than 0.25 kg.
(d) Hybrid II three-year-old and Hybrid II six-year-old dummies (49
CFR part 572, subparts C and I). When used in testing under this
standard, the dummies specified in 49 CFR part 572, subparts C and I,
are clothed in thermal knit, waffle-weave polyester and cotton underwear
or equivalent, a size 4 long-sleeved shirt (3-year-old dummy) or a size
5 long-sleeved shirt (6-year-old dummy) having a mass of 0.090 kg, a
size 4 pair of long pants having a mass of 0.090 kg, and cut off just
far enough above the knee to allow the knee target to be visible, and
size 7M sneakers (3-year-old dummy) or size 12\1/2\M sneakers (6-year-
old dummy) with rubber toe caps, uppers of dacron and cotton or nylon
and a total mass of 0.453 kg.
(e) Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy (49 CFR Part 572, Subpart P). When
used in testing under this standard, the dummy specified in 49 CFR Part
572, Subpart P, is clothed as specified in that subpart, except that the
shoes are children's size 8 canvas oxford style sneakers weighing not
more than 0.26 kg each.
(f) Hybrid III 6-year-old dummy (49 CFR Part 572, Subpart N) and
Hybrid III 6-year-old weighted dummy (49 CFR Part 572, Subpart S). When
used in testing

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under this standard, the dummies specified in 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart N
and Subpart S, are clothed as specified in those subparts, except that
the shoes are children's size 13 M canvas oxford style sneakers weighing
not more than 0.43 kg each.
S9.2 Preparing clothing. Clothing other than the shoes is machined-
washed in 71 [deg]C to 82 [deg]C and machine-dried at 49 [deg]C to 60
[deg]C for 30 minutes.
S9.3 Preparing dummies. (Subparts referenced in this section are of
Part 572 of this chapter.)
S9.3.1 When using the test dummies conforming to Part 572 Subpart C,
I, J, or K, prepare the dummies as specified in this paragraph. Before
being used in testing under this standard, dummies must be conditioned
at any ambient temperature from 19 [deg]C to 25.5 [deg]C and at any
relative humidity from 10 percent to 70 percent, for at least 4 hours.
S9.3.2 When using the test dummies conforming to Part 572 Subparts
N, P, R, or S, prepare the dummies as specified in this paragraph.
Before being used in testing under this standard, dummies must be
conditioned at any ambient temperature from 20.6[deg] to 22.2 [deg]C and
at any relative humidity from 10 percent to 70 percent, for at least 4
hours.
S10 Positioning the dummy and attaching the system belts.
S10.1 Car beds. Place the test dummy in the car bed in the supine
position with its midsagittal plane perpendicular to the center SORL of
the standard seat assembly, in the case of an add-on car bed, or
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the specific vehicle shell or
the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in car bed. Position the
dummy within the car bed in accordance with the instructions for child
positioning that the bed manufacturer provided with the bed in
accordance with S5.6.
S10.2 Restraints other than car beds.
S10.2.1 Newborn dummy and nine-month-old dummy. Position the test
dummy according to the instructions for child positioning that the
manufacturer provided with the system under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2, while
conforming to the following:
(a) Prior to placing the 9-month-old test dummy in the child
restraint system, place the dummy in the supine position on a horizontal
surface. While placing a hand on the center of the torso to prevent
movement of the dummy torso, rotate the dummy legs upward by lifting the
feet 90 degrees. Slowly release the legs but do not return them to the
flat surface.
(b)(1) When testing forward-facing child restraint systems, holding
the 9-month-old test dummy torso upright until it contacts the system's
design seating surface, place the 9-month-old test dummy in the seated
position within the system with the mid-sagittal plane of the dummy
head--
(i) Coincident with the center SORL of the standard seating
assembly, in the case of the add-on child restraint system, or
(ii) Vertical and parallel to the longitudinal center line of the
specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-
in child restraint system.
(2) When testing rear-facing child restraint systems, place the
newborn, 9-month-old or 12-month-old dummy in the child restraint system
so that the back of the dummy torso contacts the back support surface of
the system. For a child restraint system which is equipped with a fixed
or movable surface described in S5.2.2.2 which is being tested under the
conditions of test configuration II, do not attach any of the child
restraint belts unless they are an integral part of the fixed or movable
surface. For all other child restraint systems and for a child restraint
system with a fixed or movable surface which is being tested under the
conditions of test configuration I, attach all appropriate child
restraint belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Attach all
appropriate vehicle belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2.
Position each movable surface in accordance with the instructions that
the manufacturer provided under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2. If the dummy's head
does not remain in the proper position, tape it against the front of the
seat back surface of the system by means of a single thickness of 6 mm-
wide paper masking tape placed across the center of the dummy's face.
(c)(1)(i) When testing forward-facing child restraint systems,
extend the

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arms of the 9-month-old or 12-month-old test dummy as far as possible in
the upward vertical direction. Extend the legs of the 9-month-old or 12-
month-old test dummy as far as possible in the forward horizontal
direction, with the dummy feet perpendicular to the centerline of the
lower legs. Using a flat square surface with an area of 2,580 square mm,
apply a force of 178 N, perpendicular to:
(A) The plane of the back of the standard seat assembly, in the case
of an add-on system, or
(B) The back of the vehicle seat in the specific vehicle shell or
the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in system, first against
the dummy crotch and then at the dummy thorax in the midsagittal plane
of the dummy. For a child restraint system with a fixed or movable
surface described in S5.2.2.2, which is being tested under the
conditions of test configuration II, do not attach any of the child
restraint belts unless they are an integral part of the fixed or movable
surface. For all other child restraint systems and for a child restraint
system with a fixed or movable surface which is being tested under the
conditions of test configuration I, attach all appropriate child
restraint belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Attach all
appropriate vehicle belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2.
Position each movable surface in accordance with the instructions that
the manufacturer provided under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2.
(ii) After the steps specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section, rotate each dummy limb downwards in the plane parallel to the
dummy's midsagittal plane until the limb contacts a surface of the child
restraint system or the standard seat assembly, in the case of an add-on
system, or the specific vehicle shell or specific vehicle, in the case
of a built-in system, as appropriate. Position the limbs, if necessary,
so that limb placement does not inhibit torso or head movement in tests
conducted under S6.
(2) When testing rear-facing child restraint systems, extend the
dummy's arms vertically upwards and then rotate each arm downward toward
the dummy's lower body until the arm contacts a surface of the child
restraint system or the standard seat assembly in the case of an add-on
child restraint system, or the specific vehicle shell or the specific
vehicle, in the case of a built-in child restraint system. Ensure that
no arm is restrained from movement in other than the downward direction,
by any part of the system or the belts used to anchor the system to the
standard seat assembly, the specific shell, or the specific vehicle.
S10.2.2 Three-year-old and six-year-old test dummy. Position the
test dummy according to the instructions for child positioning that the
restraint manufacturer provided with the system in accordance with
S5.6.1 or S5.6.2, while conforming to the following:
(a) Holding the test dummy torso upright until it contacts the
system's design seating surface, place the test dummy in the seated
position within the system with the midsagittal plane of the test dummy
head--
(1) Coincident with the center SORL of the standard seating
assembly, in the case of the add-on child restraint system, or
(2) Vertical and parallel to the longitudinal center line of the
specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in child restraint system.
(b) Extend the arms of the test dummy as far as possible in the
upward vertical direction. Extend the legs of the dummy as far as
possible in the forward horizontal direction, with the dummy feet
perpendicular to the center line of the lower legs.
(c) Using a flat square surface with an area of 2580 square
millimeters, apply a force of 178 N, perpendicular to:
(1) The plane of the back of the standard seat assembly, in the case
of an add-on system, or
(2) The back of the vehicle seat in the specific vehicle shell or
the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in system, first against
the dummy crotch and then at the dummy thorax in the midsagittal plane
of the dummy. For a child restraint system with a fixed or movable
surface described in S5.2.2.2, which is being tested under the
conditions of test configuration II, do not attach any of the child
restraint belts unless they are an integral part of the fixed or movable
surface. For all other child restraint systems and for a child

[[Page 720]]

restraint system with a fixed or movable surface which is being tested
under the conditions of test configuration I, attach all appropriate
child restraint belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Attach
all appropriate vehicle belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2.
Position each movable surface in accordance with the instructions that
the manufacturer provided under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2.
(d) After the steps specified in paragraph (c) of this section,
rotate each dummy limb downwards in the plane parallel to the dummy's
midsagittal plane until the limb contacts a surface of the child
restraint system or the standard seat assembly, in the case of an add-on
system, or the specific vehicle shell or specific vehicle, in the case
of a built-in system, as appropriate. Position the limbs, if necessary,
so that limb placement does not inhibit torso or head movement in tests
conducted under S6.
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[44 FR 72147, Dec. 13, 1979]

Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec.
571.213, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids
section of this volume.