[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 14, Volume 1]
[Revised as of January 1, 2007]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 14CFR23.143]

[Page 194-195]
 
                     TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
 
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 
PART 23_AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND 
COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES--Table of Contents
 
                            Subpart B_Flight
 
Sec.  23.143  General.

    (a) The airplane must be safely controllable and maneuverable during 
all flight phases including--
    (1) Takeoff;
    (2) Climb;
    (3) Level flight;
    (4) Descent;
    (5) Go-around; and

[[Page 195]]

    (6) Landing (power on and power off) with the wing flaps extended 
and retracted.
    (b) It must be possible to make a smooth transition from one flight 
condition to another (including turns and slips) without danger of 
exceeding the limit load factor, under any probable operating condition 
(including, for multiengine airplanes, those conditions normally 
encountered in the sudden failure of any engine).
    (c) If marginal conditions exist with regard to required pilot 
strength, the control forces necessary must be determined by 
quantitative tests. In no case may the control forces under the 
conditions specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section exceed 
those prescribed in the following table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Values in pounds force applied to the
               relevant control                 Pitch     Roll     Yaw
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) For temporary application:
  Stick......................................       60       30  .......
  Wheel (Two hands on rim)...................       75       50  .......
  Wheel (One hand on rim)....................       50       25  .......
  Rudder Pedal...............................  .......  .......      150
(b) For prolonged application................       10        5       20
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[Doc. No, 4080, 29 FR 17955, Dec. 18, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 23-14, 
38 FR 31819, Nov. 19, 1973; Amdt. 23-17, 41 FR 55464, Dec. 20, 1976; 
Amdt. 23-45, 58 FR 42156, Aug. 6, 1993; Amdt. 23-50, 61 FR 5188, Feb. 9, 
1996]