[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 14, Volume 2]
[Revised as of January 1, 2007]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 14CFR61.1]
[Page 306-313]
TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
(CONTINUED)
PART 61_CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND
INSTRUCTORS--Table of Contents
Subpart A_General
Sec. 61.1 Applicability and definitions.
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 73
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 93
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 100-1
Subpart A_General
Sec.
61.1 Applicability and definitions.
61.3 Requirement for certificates, ratings, and authorizations.
61.4 Qualification and approval of flight simulators and flight training
devices.
61.5 Certificates and ratings issued under this part.
61.7 Obsolete certificates and ratings.
61.9 [Reserved]
61.11 Expired pilot certificates and reissuance.
61.13 Issuance of airman certificates, ratings, and authorizations.
61.14 Refusal to submit to a drug or alcohol test.
61.15 Offenses involving alcohol or drugs.
61.16 Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or to furnish test results.
61.17 Temporary certificate.
61.18 Security disqualification.
61.19 Duration of pilot and instructor certificates.
61.21 Duration of a Category II and a Category III pilot authorization
(for other than part 121 and part 135 use).
61.23 Medical certificates: Requirement and duration.
61.25 Change of name.
61.27 Voluntary surrender or exchange of certificate.
61.29 Replacement of a lost or destroyed airman or medical certificate
or knowledge test report.
61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization
requirements.
61.33 Tests: General procedure.
61.35 Knowledge test: Prerequisites and passing grades.
61.37 Knowledge tests: Cheating or other unauthorized conduct.
61.39 Prerequisites for practical tests.
61.41 Flight training received from flight instructors not certificated
by the FAA.
61.43 Practical tests: General procedures.
61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment.
61.47 Status of an examiner who is authorized by the Administrator to
conduct practical tests.
61.49 Retesting after failure.
61.51 Pilot logbooks.
61.52 Use of aeronautical experience obtained in ultralight vehicles.
61.53 Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency.
61.55 Second-in-command qualifications.
61.56 Flight review.
61.57 Recent flight experience: Pilot in command.
61.58 Pilot-in-command proficiency check: Operation of aircraft
requiring more than one pilot flight crewmember.
61.59 Falsification, reproduction, or alteration of applications,
certificates, logbooks, reports, or records.
61.60 Change of address.
Subpart B_Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations
61.61 Applicability.
61.63 Additional aircraft ratings (other than on an airline transport
pilot certificate).
61.64 [Reserved]
61.65 Instrument rating requirements.
61.67 Category II pilot authorization requirements.
61.68 Category III pilot authorization requirements.
61.69 Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing: Experience and
training requirements.
61.71 Graduates of an approved training program other than under this
part: Special rules.
61.73 Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules.
61.75 Private pilot certificate issued on the basis of a foreign pilot
license.
61.77 Special purpose pilot authorization: Operation of U.S.-registered
civil aircraft leased by a person who is not a U.S. citizen.
Subpart C_Student Pilots
61.81 Applicability.
61.83 Eligibility requirements for student pilots.
61.85 Application.
61.87 Solo requirements for student pilots.
61.89 General limitations.
61.91 [Reserved]
61.93 Solo cross-country flight requirements.
61.94 Student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational
pilot certificate: Operations at airports within, and in
airspace located within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or at
airports with an
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operational control tower in other airspace.
61.95 Operations in Class B airspace and at airports located within
Class B airspace.
Subpart D_Recreational Pilots
61.96 Applicability and eligibility requirements: General.
61.97 Aeronautical knowledge.
61.98 Flight proficiency.
61.99 Aeronautical experience.
61.100 Pilots based on small islands.
61.101 Recreational pilot privileges and limitations.
Subpart E_Private Pilots
61.102 Applicability.
61.103 Eligibility requirements: General.
61.105 Aeronautical knowledge.
61.107 Flight proficiency.
61.109 Aeronautical experience.
61.110 Night flying exceptions.
61.111 Cross-country flights: Pilots based on small islands.
61.113 Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command.
61.115 Balloon rating: Limitations.
61.117 Private pilot privileges and limitations: Second in command of
aircraft requiring more than one pilot.
61.118-61.120 [Reserved]
Subpart F_Commercial Pilots
61.121 Applicability.
61.123 Eligibility requirements: General.
61.125 Aeronautical knowledge.
61.127 Flight proficiency.
61.129 Aeronautical experience.
61.131 Exceptions to the night flying requirements.
61.133 Commercial pilot privileges and limitations.
61.135-61.141 [Reserved]
Subpart G_Airline Transport Pilots
61.151 Applicability.
61.153 Eligibility requirements: General.
61.155 Aeronautical knowledge.
61.157 Flight proficiency.
61.158 [Reserved]
61.159 Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.
61.161 Aeronautical experience: Rotorcraft category and helicopter class
rating.
61.163 Aeronautical experience: Powered-lift category rating.
61.165 Additional aircraft category and class ratings.
61.167 Privileges.
61.169-61.171 [Reserved]
Subpart H_Flight Instructors Other Than Flight Instructors With a Sport
Pilot Rating
61.181 Applicability.
61.183 Eligibility requirements.
61.185 Aeronautical knowledge.
61.187 Flight proficiency.
61.189 Flight instructor records.
61.191 Additional flight instructor ratings.
61.193 Flight instructor privileges.
61.195 Flight instructor limitations and qualifications.
61.197 Renewal of flight instructor certificates.
61.199 Expired flight instructor certificates and ratings.
61.201 [Reserved]
Subpart I_Ground Instructors
61.211 Applicability.
61.213 Eligibility requirements.
61.215 Ground instructor privileges.
61.217 Recent experience requirements.
Subpart J_Sport Pilots
61.301 What is the purpose of this subpart and to whom does it apply?
61.303 If I want to operate a light-sport aircraft, what operating
limits and endorsement requirements in this subpart must I
comply with?
61.305 What are the age and language requirements for a sport pilot
certificate?
61.307 What tests do I have to take to obtain a sport pilot certificate?
61.309 What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a sport
pilot certificate?
61.311 What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a
sport pilot certificate?
61.313 What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a sport
pilot certificate?
61.315 What are the privileges and limits of my sport pilot certificate?
61.317 Is my sport pilot certificate issued with aircraft category and
class ratings?
61.319 Can I operate a make and model of aircraft other than the make
and model for which I have received an endorsement?
61.321 How do I obtain privileges to operate an additional category or
class of light-sport aircraft?
61.323 How do I obtain privileges to operate a make and model of lights-
port aircraft in the same category and class within a
different set of aircraft?
61.325 How do I obtain privileges to operate a light-sport aircraft at
an airport within, or in airspace within, Class B, C, and D
airspace, or in other airspace with an airport having an
operational control tower?
[[Page 308]]
61.327 How do I obtain privileges to operate a light-sport aircraft that
has a VH greater than 87 knots CAS?
61.329 Are there special provisions for obtaining a sport pilot
certificate for persons who are registered ultralight pilots
with an FAA-recognized ultralight organization?
Subpart K_Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating
61.401 What is the purpose of this subpart?
61.403 What are the age, language, and pilot certificate requirements
for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?
61.405 What tests do I have to take to obtain a flight instructor
certificate with a sport pilot rating?
61.407 What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a flight
instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?
61.409 What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a
flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?
61.411 What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a flight
instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?
61.413 What are the privileges of my flight instructor certificate with
a sport pilot rating?
61.415 What are the limits of a flight instructor certificate with a
sport pilot rating?
61.417 Will my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating
list aircraft category and class ratings?
61.419 How do I obtain privileges to provide training in an additional
category or class of light-sport aircraft?
61.421 May I give myself an endorsement?
61.423 What are the recordkeeping requirements for a flight instructor
with a sport pilot rating?
61.425 How do I renew my flight instructor certificate?
61.427 What must I do if my flight instructor certificate with a sport
pilot rating expires?
61.429 May I exercise the privileges of a flight instructor certificate
with a sport pilot rating if I hold a flight instructor
certificate with another rating?
61.431 Are there special provisions for obtaining a flight instructor
certificate with a sport pilot rating for persons who are
registered ultralight instructors with an FAA-recognized
ultralight organization?
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-44711,
45102-45103, 45301-45302.
Source: Docket No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, unless
otherwise noted.
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 73--Robinson R-22/R-44 Special
Training and Experience Requirements
Sections
1. Applicability.
2. Required training, aeronautical experience, endorsements, and
flight review.
3. Expiration date.
1. Applicability. Under the procedures prescribed herein, this SFAR
applies to all persons who seek to manipulate the controls or act as
pilot in command of a Robinson model R-22 or R-44 helicopter. The
requirements stated in this SFAR are in addition to the current
requirements of part 61.
2. Required training, aeronautical experience, endorsements, and
flight review.
(a) Awareness Training:
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, no
person may manipulate the controls of a Robinson model R-22 or R-44
helicopter after March 27, 1995, for the purpose of flight unless the
awareness training specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section is
completed and the person's logbook has been endorsed by a certified
flight instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section.
(2) A person who holds a rotorcraft category and helicopter class
rating on that person's pilot certificate and meets the experience
requirements of paragraph (b)(1) or paragraph (b)(2) of this section may
not manipulate the controls of a Robinson model R-22 or R-44 helicopter
for the purpose of flight after April 26, 1995, unless the awareness
training specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section is completed and
the person's logbook has been endorsed by a certified flight instructor
authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section.
(3) Awareness training must be conducted by a certified flight
instructor who has been endorsed under paragraph (b)(5) of this section
and consists of instruction in the following general subject areas:
(i) Energy management;
(ii) Mast bumping;
(iii) Low rotor RPM (blade stall);
(iv) Low G hazards; and
(v) Rotor RPM decay.
(4) A person who can show satisfactory completion of the
manufacturer's safety course after January 1, 1994, may obtain an
endorsement from an FAA aviation safety inspector in lieu of completing
the awareness training required in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this
section.
(b) Aeronautical Experience:
(1) No person may act as pilot in command of a Robinson model R-22
unless that person:
(i) Has had at least 200 flight hours in helicopters, at least 50
flight hours of which were in the Robinson R-22; or
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(ii) Has had at least 10 hours dual instruction in the Robinson R-22
and has received an endorsement from a certified flight instructor
authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section that the individual
has been given the training required by this paragraph and is proficient
to act as pilot in command of an R-22. Beginning 12 calendar months
after the date of the endorsement, the individual may not act as pilot
in command unless the individual has completed a flight review in an R-
22 within the preceding 12 calendar months and obtained an endorsement
for that flight review. The dual instruction must include at least the
following abnormal and emergency procedures flight training:
(A) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures,
(B) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor,
(C) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery, and
(D) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.
(2) No person may act as pilot in command of a Robinson R-44 unless
that person--
(i) Has had at least 200 flight hours in helicopters, at least 50
flight hours of which were in the Robinson R-44. The pilot in command
may credit up to 25 flight hours in the Robinson R-22 toward the 50 hour
requirement in the Robinson R-44; or
(ii) Has had at least 10 hours dual instruction in a Robinson
helicopter, at least 5 hours of which must have been accomplished in the
Robinson R-44 helicopter and has received an endorsement from a
certified flight instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this
section that the individual has been given the training required by this
paragraph and is proficient to act as pilot in command of an R-44.
Beginning 12 calendar months after the date of the endorsement, the
individual may not act as pilot in command unless the individual has
completed a flight review in a Robinson R-44 within the preceding 12
calendar months and obtained an endorsement for that flight review. The
dual instruction must include at least the following abnormal and
emergency procedures flight training--
(A) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures;
(B) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor;
(C) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery; and
(D) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.
(3) A person who does not hold a rotorcraft category and helicopter
class rating must have had at least 20 hours of dual instruction in a
Robinson R-22 helicopter prior to operating it in solo flight. In
addition, the person must obtain an endorsement from a certified flight
instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section that
instruction has been given in those maneuvers and procedures, and the
instructor has found the applicant proficient to solo a Robinson R-22.
This endorsement is valid for a period of 90 days. The dual instruction
must include at least the following abnormal and emergency procedures
flight training:
(i) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures,
(ii) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor,
(iii) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery, and
(iv) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.
(4) A person who does not hold a rotorcraft category and helicopter
class rating must have had at least 20 hours of dual instruction in a
Robinson R-44 helicopter prior to operating it in solo flight. In
addition, the person must obtain an endorsement from a certified flight
instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section that
instruction has been given in those maneuvers and procedures, and the
instructor has found the applicant proficient to solo a Robinson R-44.
This endorsement is valid for a period of 90 days. The dual instruction
must include at least the following abnormal and emergency procedures
flight training:
(i) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures,
(ii) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor,
(iii) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery, and
(iv) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.
(5) No certificated flight instructor may provide instruction or
conduct a flight review in a Robinson R-22 or R-44 unless that
instructor--
(i) Completes the awareness training in paragraph 2(a) of this SFAR.
(ii) For the Robinson R-22, has had at least 200 flight hours in
helicopters, at least 50 flight hours of which were in the Robinson R-
22, or for the Robinson R-44, has had at least 200 flight hours in
helicopters, 50 flight hours of which were in Robinson helicopters. Up
to 25 flight hours of Robinson R-22 flight time may be credited toward
the 50 hour requirement.
(iii) Has completed flight training in a Robinson R-22, R-44, or
both, on the following abnormal and emergency procedures--
(A) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures;
(B) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor;
(C) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery; and
(D) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.
[[Page 310]]
(iv) Has been authorized by endorsement from an FAA aviation safety
inspector or authorized designated examiner that the instructor has
completed the appropriate training, meets the experience requirements
and has satisfactorily demonstrated an ability to provide instruction on
the general subject areas of paragraph 2(a)(3) of this SFAR, and the
flight training identified in paragraph 2(b)(5)(iii) of this SFAR.
(c) Flight Review:
(1) No flight review completed to satisfy Sec. 61.56 by an
individual after becoming eligible to function as pilot in command in a
Robinson R-22 helicopter shall be valid for the operation of R-22
helicopter unless that flight review was taken in an R-22.
(2) No flight review completed to satisfy Sec. 61.56 by individual
after becoming eligible to function as pilot in command in a Robinson R-
44 helicopter shall be valid for the operation of R-44 helicopter unless
that flight review was taken in the R-44.
(3) The flight review will include a review of the awareness
training subject areas of paragraph 2(a)(3) of this SFAR and the flight
training identified in paragraph 2(b) of this SFAR.
(d) Currency Requirements: No person may act as pilot in command of
a Robinson model R-22 or R-44 helicopter carrying passengers unless the
pilot in command has met the recency of flight experience requirements
of Sec. 61.57 in an R-22 or R-44, as appropriate.
3. Expiration date. This SFAR terminates on March 31, 2008, unless
sooner superceded or rescinded.
[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by SFAR 73-1, 63
FR 666, Jan. 7, 1998; 68 FR 43, Jan. 2, 2003]
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 93--Temporary Extension of Time
To Allow for Certain Training and Testing
1. Applicability. This SFAR applies to all part 121 and 135 check
airmen (simulator) and flight instructors (simulator), part 121 aircraft
dispatchers, and part 142 training center instructors who were required
to complete qualification requirements, an inflight line observation
program, or operating familiarization in September 2001 to become
qualified, or remain qualified, to perform their assigned duties. It
also applies to persons who have satisfactorily accomplished the part 61
aeronautical knowledge test or the part 63 written test, either one of
which has an expiration date of September 2001 for pilot, flight
instructor, or flight engineer certification.
2. Special Qualification Requirements. The sections of 14 CFR that
prescribes these requirements are sections 61.39(a)(1); 63.35(d);
121.411(f); 121.412(f); 121.463(a)(2); 121.463(c); 135.337(f);
135.338(f); 142.53(b)(2) and (b)(3).
3. Extension of Time to Fulfill Certain Qualification Requirements.
Persons identified in paragraph 1 of this SFAR who had until the end of
September 2001 to complete the specified qualification requirements in
September 2001 will be deemed to have completed those requirements in
September 2001 provided they satisfactorily complete those requirements
by November 30, 2001. For those persons identified in paragraph 1, who
are qualifying for the first time to be a check airmen (simulator),
flight instructor (simulator), aircraft dispatcher, or training center
instructor, they must fulfill the applicable qualification requirements
before they may serve as a check airmen (simulator), flight instructor
(simulator), aircraft dispatcher, or training center instructor, as
appropriate. This extension does not change the 12-calendar-month
requirement for aircraft dispatchers or the anniversary month for check
airmen, flight instructors and training center instructors. Therefore,
if you were due for qualification in September 2001 you will be due for
qualification September 2002, regardless of this extension for 2001.
4. Termination Date. This Special Federal Aviation Regulation
expires November 30, 2001.
[Doc. No. FAA-2001-10797, 66 FR 52279, Oct. 12, 2001]
Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 100-1--Relief for U.S. Military
and Civilian Personnel Who are Assigned Outside the United States in
Support of U.S. Armed Forces Operations
1. Applicability. Flight Standards District Offices are authorized
to accept from an eligible person, as described in paragraph 2 of this
SFAR, the following:
(a) An expired flight instructor certificate to show eligibility for
renewal of a flight instructor certificate under Sec. 61.197, or an
expired written test report to show eligibility under part 61 to take a
practical test;
(b) An expired written test report to show eligibility under
Sec. Sec. 63.33 and 63.57 to take a practical test; and
(c) An expired written test report to show eligibility to take a
practical test required under part 65 or an expired inspection
authorization to show eligibility for renewal under Sec. 65.93.
2. Eligibility. A person is eligible for the relief described in
paragraph 1 of this SFAR if:
(a) The person served in a U.S. military or civilian capacity
outside the United States in support of the U.S. Armed Forces' operation
during some period of time from September 11, 2001, through June 20,
2010;
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(b) The person's flight instructor certificate, airman written test
report, or inspection authorization expired some time between September
11, 2001, and 6 calendar months after returning to the United States, or
June 20, 2010, whichever is earlier; and
(c) The person complies with Sec. Sec. 61.197 or 65.93 of this
chapter, as appropriate, or completes the appropriate practical test
within 6 calendar months after returning to the United States, or June
20, 2010, whichever is earlier.
3. Required documents. The person must send the Airman Certificate
and/or Rating Application (FAA Form 8710-1) to the appropriate Flight
Standards District Office. The person must include with the application
one of the following documents, which must show the date of assignment
outside the United States and the date of return to the United States:
(a) An official U.S. Government notification of personnel action, or
equivalent document, showing the person was a civilian on official duty
for the U.S. Government outside the United States and was assigned to a
U.S. Armed Forces' operation some time between September 11, 2001,
through June 20, 2010;
(b) Military orders showing the person was assigned to duty outside
the United States and was assigned to a U.S. Armed Forces' operation
some time between September 11, 2001 through June 20, 2010; or
(c) A letter from the person's military commander or civilian
supervisor providing the dates during which the person served outside
the United States and was assigned to a U.S. Armed Forces' operation
some time between September 11, 2001 through June 20, 2010.
4. Expiration date. This Special Federal Aviation Regulation No.100-
1 expires June 20, 2010, unless sooner superseded or rescinded.
[Doc. No. FAA-2005-15431, 70 FR 37948, June 30, 2005]
Effective Date Note: By Doc. No. FAA-2005-15431, 70 FR 37948, June
30, 2005, SFAR No. 100-1 was added, effective June 30, 2005 through June
20, 2010.
(a) This part prescribes:
(1) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and
ground instructor certificates and ratings; the conditions under which
those certificates and ratings are necessary; and the privileges and
limitations of those certificates and ratings.
(2) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and
ground instructor authorizations; the conditions under which those
authorizations are necessary; and the privileges and limitations of
those authorizations.
(3) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and
ground instructor certificates and ratings for persons who have taken
courses approved by the Administrator under other parts of this chapter.
(b) For the purpose of this part:
(1) Aeronautical experience means pilot time obtained in an
aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device for meeting the
appropriate training and flight time requirements for an airman
certificate, rating, flight review, or recency of flight experience
requirements of this part.
(2) Authorized instructor means--
(i) A person who holds a valid ground instructor certificate issued
under part 61 or part 143 of this chapter when conducting ground
training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her
ground instructor certificate;
(ii) A person who holds a current flight instructor certificate
issued under part 61 of this chapter when conducting ground training or
flight training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his
or her flight instructor certificate; or
(iii) A person authorized by the Administrator to provide ground
training or flight training under SFAR No. 58, or part 61, 121, 135, or
142 of this chapter when conducting ground training or flight training
in accordance with that authority.
(3) Cross-country time means--
(i) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) through (b)(3)(vi)
of this section, time acquired during flight--
(A) Conducted by a person who holds a pilot certificate;
(B) Conducted in an aircraft;
(C) That includes a landing at a point other than the point of
departure; and
(D) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic
navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to
the landing point.
(ii) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience
requirements
[[Page 312]]
(except for a rotorcraft category rating), for a private pilot
certificate (except for a powered parachute category rating), a
commercial pilot certificate, or an instrument rating, or for the
purpose of exercising recreational pilot privileges (except in a
rotorcraft) under Sec. 61.101 (c), time acquired during a flight--
(A) Conducted in an appropriate aircraft;
(B) That includes a point of landing that was at least a straight-
line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
(C) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic
navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to
the landing point.
(iii) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience
requirements for a sport pilot certificate (except for powered parachute
privileges), time acquired during a flight conducted in an appropriate
aircraft that--
(A) Includes a point of landing at least a straight line distance of
more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
(B) Involves, as applicable, the use of dead reckoning; pilotage;
electronic navigation aids; radio aids; or other navigation systems to
navigate to the landing point.
(iv) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience
requirements for a sport pilot certificate with powered parachute
privileges or a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute
category rating, time acquired during a flight conducted in an
appropriate aircraft that--
(A) Includes a point of landing at least a straight line distance of
more than 15 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
(B) Involves, as applicable, the use of dead reckoning; pilotage;
electronic navigation aids; radio aids; or other navigation systems to
navigate to the landing point.
(v) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience
requirements for any pilot certificate with a rotorcraft category rating
or an instrument-helicopter rating, or for the purpose of exercising
recreational pilot privileges, in a rotorcraft, under Sec. 61.101(c),
time acquired during a flight--
(A) Conducted in an appropriate aircraft;
(B) That includes a point of landing that was at least a straight-
line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of
departure; and
(C) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic
navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to
the landing point.
(vi) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience
requirements for an airline transport pilot certificate (except with a
rotorcraft category rating), time acquired during a flight--
(A) Conducted in an appropriate aircraft;
(B) That is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
(C) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic
navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems.
(vii) For a military pilot who qualifies for a commercial pilot
certificate (except with a rotorcraft category rating) under Sec. 61.73
of this part, time acquired during a flight--
(A) Conducted in an appropriate aircraft;
(B) That is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50
nautical miles from the original point of departure; and
(C) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic
navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems.
(4) Examiner means any person who is authorized by the Administrator
to conduct a pilot proficiency test or a practical test for an airman
certificate or rating issued under this part, or a person who is
authorized to conduct a knowledge test under this part.
(5) Flight simulator means a device that--
(i) Is a full-size aircraft cockpit replica of a specific type of
aircraft, or make, model, and series of aircraft;
[[Page 313]]
(ii) Includes the hardware and software necessary to represent the
aircraft in ground operations and flight operations;
(iii) Uses a force cueing system that provides cues at least
equivalent to those cues provided by a 3 degree freedom of motion
system;
(iv) Uses a visual system that provides at least a 45 degree
horizontal field of view and a 30 degree vertical field of view
simultaneously for each pilot; and
(v) Has been evaluated, qualified, and approved by the
Administrator.
(6) Flight training means that training, other than ground training,
received from an authorized instructor in flight in an aircraft.
(7) Flight training device means a device that--
(i) Is a full-size replica of the instruments, equipment, panels,
and controls of an aircraft, or set of aircraft, in an open flight deck
area or in an enclosed cockpit, including the hardware and software for
the systems installed, that is necessary to simulate the aircraft in
ground and flight operations;
(ii) Need not have a force (motion) cueing or visual system; and
(iii) Has been evaluated, qualified, and approved by the
Administrator.
(8) Ground training means that training, other than flight training,
received from an authorized instructor.
(9) Instrument approach means an approach procedure defined in part
97 of this chapter.
(10) Instrument training means that time in which instrument
training is received from an authorized instructor under actual or
simulated instrument conditions.
(11) Knowledge test means a test on the aeronautical knowledge areas
required for an airman certificate or rating that can be administered in
written form or by a computer.
(12) Pilot time means that time in which a person--
(i) Serves as a required pilot flight crewmember;
(ii) Receives training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft,
flight simulator, or flight training device; or
(iii) Gives training as an authorized instructor in an aircraft,
flight simulator, or flight training device.
(13) Practical test means a test on the areas of operations for an
airman certificate, rating, or authorization that is conducted by having
the applicant respond to questions and demonstrate maneuvers in flight,
in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device.
(14) Set of aircraft means aircraft that share similar performance
characteristics, such as similar airspeed and altitude operating
envelopes, similar handling characteristics, and the same number and
type of propulsion systems.
(15) Student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate means a person
who has received an endorsement--
(i) To exercise student pilot privileges from a certificated flight
instructor with a sport pilot rating; or
(ii) That includes a limitation for the operation of a light-sport
aircraft specified in Sec. 61.89(c) issued by a certificated flight
instructor with other than a sport pilot rating.
(16) Training time means training received--
(i) In flight from an authorized instructor;
(ii) On the ground from an authorized instructor; or
(iii) In a flight simulator or flight training device from an
authorized instructor.
[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40893,
July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004]