[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 31]
[Revised as of July 1, 2007]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR1048.101]
[Page 552-555]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 1048_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD
SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES--Table of Contents
Subpart B_Emission Standards and Related Requirements
Sec. 1048.101 What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet?
The exhaust emission standards of this section apply by model year.
You may certify engines earlier than we require. The Tier 1 standards
apply only to steady-state testing, as described in paragraph (b) of
this section. The Tier 2 standards apply to steady-state, transient, and
field testing, as described in
[[Page 553]]
paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section.
(a) Emission standards for transient testing. Starting in the 2007
model year, transient exhaust emissions from your engines may not exceed
the Tier 2 emission standards, as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the applicable transient test procedures
described in subpart F of this part.
(2) The Tier 2 HC+NOX standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the
Tier 2 CO standard is 4.4 g/kW-hr. For severe-duty engines, the Tier 2
HC+NOX standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the Tier 2 CO standard is
130.0 g/kW-hr. The following engines are not subject to the transient
standards in this paragraph (a):
(i) High-load engines.
(ii) Engines with maximum engine power above 560 kW.
(iii) Engines with maximum test speed above 3400 rpm.
(3) You may optionally certify your engines according to the
following formula instead of the standards in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section: (HC+NOX) x CO\0.784\ <= 8.57. The HC+NOX
and CO emission levels you select to satisfy this formula, rounded to
the nearest 0.1 g/kW-hr, become the emission standards that apply for
those engines. You may not select an HC+NOX emission standard
higher than 2.7 g/kW-hr or a CO emission standard higher than 20.6 g/kW-
hr. The following table illustrates a range of possible values under
this paragraph (a)(3):
Table 1 of Sec. 1048.101--Examples of Possible Tier 2 Duty-cycle
Emission Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO (g/kW-
HC+NOX (g/kW-hr) hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.7........................................................ 4.4
2.2........................................................ 5.6
1.7........................................................ 7.9
1.3........................................................ 11.1
1.0........................................................ 15.5
0.8........................................................ 20.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Standards for steady-state testing. Except as we allow in
paragraph (d) of this section, steady-state exhaust emissions from your
engines may not exceed emission standards, as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the applicable steady-state test
procedures described in subpart F of this part:
(2) The following table shows the Tier 1 exhaust emission standards
that apply to engines from 2004 through 2006 model years:
Table 2 of Sec. 1048.101--Tier 1 Emission Standards (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General emission Alternate emission
standards standards for severe-
Testing -------------------------- duty engines
-------------------------
HC+NOX CO HC+NOX CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Certification and production-line testing................... 4.0 50.0 4.0 130.0
In-use testing.............................................. 5.4 50.0 5.4 130.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) Starting in the 2007 model year, steady-state exhaust emissions
from your engines may not exceed the numerical emission standards in
paragraph (a) of this section. See paragraph (d) of this section for
alternate standards that apply for certain engines.
(c) Standards for field testing. Starting in 2007, exhaust emissions
may not exceed field-testing standards, as follows:
(1) Measure emissions using the field-testing procedures in subpart
F of this part:
(2) The HC+NOX standard is 3.8 g/kW-hr and the CO
standard is 6.5 g/kW-hr. For severe-duty engines, the HC+NOX
standard is 3.8 g/kW-hr and the CO standard is 200.0 g/kW-hr. For
natural gas-fueled engines, you are not required to measure nonmethane
hydrocarbon emissions or total hydrocarbon emissions for testing to show
that the engine meets the emission standards of this paragraph (c); that
is, you may assume HC emissions are equal to zero.
(3) You may apply the following formula to determine alternate
emission standards that apply to your engines instead of the standards
in paragraph (c)(1) of this section: (HC+NOX) x CO\0.791\ <=
16.78. HC+NOX emission levels may not exceed 3.8 g/kW-hr and
CO emission levels may not exceed 31.0 g/kW-hr. The following table
illustrates a range of
[[Page 554]]
possible values under this paragraph (c)(2):
Table 3 of Sec. 1048.101--Examples of Possible Tier 2 Field-testing
Emission Standards
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO (g/kW-
HC+NOX (g/kW-hr) hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.8........................................................ 6.5
3.1........................................................ 8.5
2.4........................................................ 11.7
1.8........................................................ 16.8
1.4........................................................ 23.1
1.1........................................................ 31.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(d) Engine protection. For engines that require enrichment at high
loads to protect the engine, you may ask to meet alternate Tier 2
standards of 2.7 g/kW-hr for HC+NOX and 31.0 g/kW-hr for CO
instead of the emission standards described in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section for steady-state testing. If we approve your request, you must
still meet the transient testing standards in paragraph (a) of this
section and the field-testing standards in paragraph (c) of this
section. To qualify for this allowance, you must do all the following
things:
(1) Show that enrichment is necessary to protect the engine from
damage.
(2) Show that you limit enrichment to operating modes that require
additional cooling to protect the engine from damage.
(3) Show in your application for certification that enrichment will
rarely occur in use in the equipment in which your engines are
installed. For example, an engine that is expected to operate 5 percent
of the time in use with enrichment would clearly not qualify.
(4) Include in your installation instructions any steps necessary
for someone installing your engines to prevent enrichment during normal
operation (see Sec. 1048.130).
(e) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section apply
for engines using each type of fuel specified in 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart H, on which the engines in the engine family are designed to
operate, except for engines certified under Sec. 1048.625. For engines
certified under Sec. 1048.625, the standards of this section apply to
emissions measured using the specified test fuel. You must meet the
numerical emission standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on
the following types of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the
following fuels:
(1) Gasoline- and LPG-fueled engines: THC emissions.
(2) Natural gas-fueled engines: NMHC emissions.
(3) Alcohol-fueled engines: THCE emissions.
(f) Small engines. Certain engines with total displacement at or
below 1000 cc may comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 90 instead
of complying with the requirements of this part, as described in Sec.
1048.615.
(g) Useful life. Your engines must meet the exhaust emission
standards in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section over their full
useful life. For severe-duty engines, the minimum useful life is 1,500
hours of operation or seven years, whichever comes first. For all other
engines, the minimum useful life is 5,000 hours of operation or seven
years, whichever comes first.
(1) Specify a longer useful life in hours for an engine family under
either of two conditions:
(i) If you design, advertise, or market your engine to operate
longer than the minimum useful life (your recommended hours until
rebuild may indicate a longer design life).
(ii) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum
useful life.
(2) You may request in your application for certification that we
approve a shorter useful life for an engine family. We may approve a
shorter useful life, in hours of engine operation but not in years, if
we determine that these engines will rarely operate longer than the
shorter useful life. If engines identical to those in the engine family
have already been produced and are in use, your demonstration must
include documentation from such in-use engines. In other cases, your
demonstration must include an engineering analysis of information
equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research engines or
similar engine models that are already in production. Your demonstration
must also include any overhaul interval that you recommend, any
mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its components, and
any
[[Page 555]]
relevant customer design specifications. Your demonstration may include
any other relevant information. The useful life value may not be shorter
than any of the following:
(i) 1,000 hours of operation.
(ii) Your recommended overhaul interval.
(iii) Your mechanical warranty for the engine.
(h) Applicability for testing. The emission standards in this
subpart apply to all testing, including certification, production-line,
and in-use testing. For production-line testing, you must perform duty-
cycle testing as specified in Sec. Sec. 1048.505 and 1048.510. The
field-testing standards of this section apply for those tests. You need
not do additional testing of production-line engines to show that your
engines meet the field-testing standards.
[67 FR 68347, Nov. 8, 2002, as amended at 70 FR 40466, July 13, 2005]